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Ghali ENHK, Pranav, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Inulin-based formulations as an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129216. [PMID: 38185294 PMCID: PMC10922702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stands as the second leading cause of death in the United States (US). Most chemotherapeutic agents exhibit severe adverse effects that are attributed to exposure of drugs to off-target tissues, posing a significant challenge in cancer therapy management. In recent years, inulin, a naturally occurring prebiotic fiber has gained substantial attention for its potential in cancer treatment owing to its multitudinous health values. Its distinctive structure, stability, and nutritional properties position it as an effective adjuvant and carrier for drug delivery in cancer therapy. To address some of the above unmet clinical issues, this review summarizes the recent efforts towards the development of inulin-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites for healthcare applications with special emphasis on the multifunctional role of inulin in cancer therapy as a synergist, signaling molecule, immunomodulatory and anticarcinogenic molecule. Furthermore, the review provides a concise overview of ongoing clinical trials and observational studies associated with inulin-based therapy. In conclusion, the current review offers insights on the significant role of inulin interventions in exploring its potential as a therapeutic agent to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Naga Hanuma Kumar Ghali
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Pranav
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
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2
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Vasfilova ES. Fructose-Containing Plant Carbohydrates: Biological Activities and Medical Applications. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 512:343-353. [PMID: 38087025 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The review considers the chemical structure specifics and distribution in plants for fructose-containing carbohydrates (fructans). Various biological activities were observed in fructans and associated with their physicochemical features. Fructans affect many physiological and biochemical processes in the human body, improving health and reducing the risk of various disorders. Prebiotic activity is the most important physiological function of fructans. Fructans improve the microflora composition in the colon and intestinal mucosa by increasing the content of useful bacteria and decreasing the content of potentially harmful microorganisms, stimulate the physiological functions of the microflora, and provide for a better state of the intestine and a better health status. By modifying the intestinal microbiota and utilizing certain additional mechanisms, fructans can favorably affect the immune function, decrease the risk of various inflammatory processes, and to reduce the likelihood of tumorigenesis due to exposure to carcinogens. Fructans improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by reducing the blood levels of glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and increasing the blood content of high-density lipoprotein (HLD). Fructans are low in calories, and their use in foods reduces the risk of obesity. Fructans facilitate higher calcium absorption and increase the bone density, thus reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Fructants protect the body from oxidative stress, intestinal infections, and parasitic invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Vasfilova
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
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3
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Perreau C, Thabuis C, Verstrepen L, Ghyselinck J, Marzorati M. Ex Vivo Colonic Fermentation of NUTRIOSE ® Exerts Immuno-Modulatory Properties and Strong Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:4229. [PMID: 37836513 PMCID: PMC10574048 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
NUTRIOSE® (Roquette, Lestrem, France) is a resistant dextrin with well-established prebiotic effects. This study evaluated the indirect effects of pre-digested NUTRIOSE® on host immune response and gut barrier integrity. Fecal samples from eight healthy donors were inoculated in a Colon-on-a-plate® system (ProDigest, Ghent, Belgium) with or without NUTRIOSE® supplementation. Following 48 h fermentation, colonic suspensions were tested in a Caco-2/THP1-Blue™ co-culture system to determine their effects on gut barrier activity (transepithelial electrical resistance) and immune response following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Additionally, changes in short-chain fatty acid levels (SCFA) and microbial community composition following a 48 h fermentation in the Colon-on-a-plate® system were measured. Across all donors, immune-mediated intestinal barrier damage was significantly reduced with NUTRIOSE®-supplemented colonic suspensions versus blank. Additionally, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly increased, and the level of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 was significantly decreased with NUTRIOSE®-supplemented colonic suspensions versus blank in the co-culture models following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. These beneficial effects of NUTRIOSE® supplementation were likely due to increased acetate and propionate levels and the enrichment of SCFA-producing bacteria. NUTRIOSE® was well fermented by the colonic bacteria of all eight donors and had protective effects on inflammation-induced disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and strong anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Perreau
- Nutrition and Health R&D, Roquette, 1 rue de la Haute Loge, 62136 Lestrem, France; (C.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Clementine Thabuis
- Nutrition and Health R&D, Roquette, 1 rue de la Haute Loge, 62136 Lestrem, France; (C.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Lynn Verstrepen
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Jonas Ghyselinck
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.G.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Agu PC, Afiukwa CA, Orji OU, Ezeh EM, Ofoke IH, Ogbu CO, Ugwuja EI, Aja PM. Molecular docking as a tool for the discovery of molecular targets of nutraceuticals in diseases management. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13398. [PMID: 37592012 PMCID: PMC10435576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular docking is a computational technique that predicts the binding affinity of ligands to receptor proteins. Although it has potential uses in nutraceutical research, it has developed into a formidable tool for drug development. Bioactive substances called nutraceuticals are present in food sources and can be used in the management of diseases. Finding their molecular targets can help in the creation of disease-specific new therapies. The purpose of this review was to explore molecular docking's application to the study of dietary supplements and disease management. First, an overview of the fundamentals of molecular docking and the various software tools available for docking was presented. The limitations and difficulties of using molecular docking in nutraceutical research are also covered, including the reliability of scoring functions and the requirement for experimental validation. Additionally, there was a focus on the identification of molecular targets for nutraceuticals in numerous disease models, including those for sickle cell disease, cancer, cardiovascular, gut, reproductive, and neurodegenerative disorders. We further highlighted biochemistry pathways and models from recent studies that have revealed molecular mechanisms to pinpoint new nutraceuticals' effects on disease pathogenesis. It is convincingly true that molecular docking is a useful tool for identifying the molecular targets of nutraceuticals in the management of diseases. It may offer information about how nutraceuticals work and support the creation of new therapeutics. Therefore, molecular docking has a bright future in nutraceutical research and has a lot of potentials to lead to the creation of brand-new medicines for the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Agu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Biochemistry Option), Our Savior Institute of Science, Agriculture, and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - C A Afiukwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - O U Orji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - E M Ezeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Caritas University, Amorji-Nike, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - I H Ofoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - C O Ogbu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - E I Ugwuja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - P M Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda.
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5
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Evidence of iso-volume deformation during convective drying of yacón: An extended van Meel model adapted to large volume reduction. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Srividya K, Mir SS, Thiyagarajan S, Nazir A. Dietary factors and SARS-CoV-2 contagion: in silico studies on modulation of viral and host proteins by spice actives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10771-10782. [PMID: 34256681 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1948448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 contagion has had a huge impact on world population. It has been observed that despite massive spread of the contagion in India particularly during the second wave, the overall case fatality rates remain low. This prompted us to look into dietary factors that can possibly modulate the viral impact and/or host response. In silico studies were carried out on forty-two commonly used spices and their 637 known active compounds with an aim of identifying such compounds that may have propensity to reduce viral impact or boost host immune response. We chose to study SARS-Cov-2 helicase on account of its functional importance in maintaining viral load within the host, and the human tank binding protein (TBK1) for its important role in host immunity. We carried out in silico virtual screening, docking studies with 637 phytochemical against these two proteins, using in silico methods. Upon assessing the strength of the ligand-target interactions and post simulation binding energy profile, our study identifies procyanidin-B4 from bay leaf, fenugreekine from fenugreek seed and gallotannin from pomegranate seed as active interactors that docked to viral helicase. Similarly, we identified eruboside B from garlic, gallotannin from pomegranate seed, as strong interacting partners to human TBK1. Our studies thus present dietary spice constituents as potential protagonists for further experimentation to understand how spices in the diet might help the hosts in countering the viral assault and mount a robust protective response against COVID and other infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottapalli Srividya
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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7
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Eliseev MS, Kharlamova EN, Zhelyabina OV, Lila AM. Microbiota as a new pathogenetic factor in the development of chronic hyperuricemia and gout. Part 2: gout therapy and the gut microbiota. MODERN RHEUMATOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/1996-7012-2022-6-7-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The article presents current data on the effect of drugs for the treatment of gout on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. The potential possibilities of pre- and probiotics use for the prevention and complex therapy of gout are discussed, therapeutic effect may be associated with their impact on the uric acid synthesis and intestinal excretion, as well as with anti-inflammatory properties. The need for further research in this area is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A. M. Lila
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia
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8
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Paone P, Suriano F, Jian C, Korpela K, Delzenne NM, Van Hul M, Salonen A, Cani PD. Prebiotic oligofructose protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity by changing the gut microbiota, intestinal mucus production, glycosylation and secretion. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2152307. [PMID: 36448728 PMCID: PMC9715274 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2152307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and gut microbiota plays a key role in influencing the host energy homeostasis. Moreover, obese mice have a different gut microbiota composition, associated with an alteration of the intestinal mucus layer, which represents the interface between the bacteria and the host. We previously demonstrated that prebiotic treatment with oligofructose (FOS) counteracted the effects of diet-induced obesity, together with changes in the gut microbiota composition, but it is not known if the intestinal mucus layer could be involved. In this study, we found that, in addition to preventing high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in mice, the treatment with FOS increased the expression of numerous genes involved in mucus production, glycosylation and secretion, the expression of both secreted and transmembrane mucins, and the differentiation and number of goblet cells. These results were associated with significant changes in the gut microbiota composition, with FOS significantly increasing the relative and absolute abundance of the bacterial genera Odoribacter, Akkermansia, two unknown Muribaculaceae and an unknown Ruminococcaceae. Interestingly, all these bacterial genera had a negative association with metabolic parameters and a positive association with markers of the mucus layer. Our study shows that FOS treatment is able to prevent HFD-induced metabolic disorders, at least in part, by acting on all the processes of the mucus production. These data suggest that targeting the mucus and the gut microbiota by using prebiotics could help to prevent or mitigate obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Paone
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Francesco Suriano
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium,CONTACT Patrice D. Cani Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Khalid W, Arshad MS, Jabeen A, Muhammad Anjum F, Qaisrani TB, Suleria HAR. Fiber‐enriched botanicals: A therapeutic tool against certain metabolic ailments. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3203-3218. [PMID: 36249968 PMCID: PMC9548355 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Jabeen
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad Anjum
- University of the Gambia Banjul The Gambia
- IFANCA Halal Apex (Pvt.) Limited Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Tahira Batool Qaisrani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan
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10
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Tawfick MM, Xie H, Zhao C, Shao P, Farag MA. Inulin fructans in diet: Role in gut homeostasis, immunity, health outcomes and potential therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:948-961. [PMID: 35381290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inulin consumption in both humans and animal models is recognized for its prebiotic action with the most consistent change that lies in enhancing the growth and functionality of Bifidobacterium bacteria, as well as its effect on host gene expression and metabolism. Further, inulin-type fructans are utilized in the colon by bacterial fermentation to yield short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which play important role in its biological effects both locally inside the gut and in systemic actions. The gut symbiosis sustained by inulin supplementation among other dietary fibers exerts preventive and/or therapeutic options for many metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiometabolic diseases, kidney diseases and hyperuricemia. Although, gastrointestinal negative effects due to inulin consumption were reported, such as gastrointestinal symptoms in humans and exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. This comprehensive review aims to present the whole story of how inulin functions as a prebiotic at cellular levels and the interplay between physiological, functional and immunological responses inside the animal or human gut as influenced by inulin in diets, in context to its structural composition. Such review is of importance to identify management and feed strategies to optimize gut health, for instance, consumption of the tolerated doses to healthy adults of 10 g/day of native inulin or 5 g/day of naturally inulin-rich chicory extract. In addition, inulin-drug interactions should be further clarified particularly if used as a supplement for the treatment of degenerative diseases (e.g., diabetes) over a long period. The combined effect of probiotics and inulin appears more effective, and more research on this synergy is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Tawfick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Hualing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ping Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Chakraborty M, Budhwar S, Kumar S. Potential of milling byproducts for the formulation of health drink and detox tea-substitute. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9084259 DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manali Chakraborty
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123029 India
| | - Savita Budhwar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123029 India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123029 India
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12
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Research Progress of the Gut Microbiome in Hybrid Fish. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050891. [PMID: 35630336 PMCID: PMC9146865 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, including hybrid species, are essential components of aquaculture, and the gut microbiome plays a vital role in fish growth, behavior, digestion, and immune health. The gut microbiome can be affected by various internal and/or external factors, such as host development, diet, and environment. We reviewed the effects of diet and dietary supplements on intestinal microorganisms in hybrid fish and the difference in the gut microbiome between the hybrid and their hybrids that originate. Then, we summarized the role of the gut microbiome in the speciation and ecological invasion of hybrid fish. Finally, we discussed possible future studies on the gut microbiome in hybrid fish, including the potential interaction with environmental microbiomes, the effects of the gut microbiome on population expansion, and fish conservation and management.
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13
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Convective drying of yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) slices: A simple physical model including shrinkage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: A Review of This Enzyme Role in the Intestinal Barrier Function. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040746. [PMID: 35456797 PMCID: PMC9026380 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP) has recently assumed a special relevance, being the subject of study in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases related to leaky gut. This brush border enzyme (ecto-enzyme) plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal microbial homeostasis and intestinal barrier function through its ability to dephosphorylate lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This review addresses how IALP and intestinal barrier dysfunction may be implicated in the pathophysiology of specific diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and metabolic syndrome. The use of IALP as a possible biomarker to assess intestinal barrier function and strategies to modulate IALP activity are also discussed.
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15
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Bioactive components in Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterraenea (L.) Verdc) as a potential source of nutraceutical ingredients. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09024. [PMID: 35284682 PMCID: PMC8913303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of nutraceuticals on a global scale has significantly increased over the past few years due to their reported health benefits and consumer's reluctance to consume synthetic drugs. This paper provides information regarding new and potential value added uses of biologically active compounds in Bambara groundnut (BGN) as ingredients that could be further researched and exploited for various applications. Nutraceutical is a food or part of food that apart from providing basic nutrients, offers medicinal benefits either by prevention and or treatment of an illness. BGN is a legume with rich nutrient profile that is under exploited industrially. It is widely used in African traditional medicine for its various health outcome, but has not been explored scientifically for its numerous nutraceutical potentials. Compared to beans BGN has greater quantity of soluble fiber and also have high dietary fiber. It is rich in polyphenolic compound which include flavonoids subgroups like flavonols, flavanols, anthocyanindins, isoflavones and phenolic acids: both benzoic acid and cinnamic acid derivatives, biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins and peptides, antioxidant vitamins and minerals. The rising interest and emphasis in plant-based biologically active components (nutraceuticals) for various health promotion, has positioned this African legume as a potential source of nutraceutical ingredients (bioactive components) that could be exploited for improved nutrition and health.
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16
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Fuhrmann L, Vahjen W, Zentek J, Günther R, Saliu EM. The Impact of Pre- and Probiotic Product Combinations on Ex vivo Growth of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010121. [PMID: 35056569 PMCID: PMC8778165 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the global spread of antibiotic resistance, there is a strong demand to replace antimicrobial growth promotors in livestock. To identify suitable additives that inhibit the growth of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O1/O18 and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis strains, an ex vivo screening was performed. Inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were investigated as prebiotics. Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus coagulans served as probiotic strains. Firstly, the pathogen was anaerobically incubated in caecal digesta from different broiler breeder flocks with the addition of feed additives. Secondly, subsamples of these suspensions were incubated in an antibiotic medium for selective growth of the pathogen. During this step, turbidity was recorded, and lag times were calculated for each pathogen as readout of growth inhibition. Combinations of E. faecium with inulin or FOS significantly extended the lag time for E. coli compared to control. Moreover, older age was a significant factor to enhance this inhibitory effect. In contrast, the combination of FOS and B. coagulans showed shorter lag times for S. Enteritidis. Our results indicate that the E. faecium strain with prebiotics may inhibit the pathogen proliferation in the studied poultry flocks. Furthermore, our results suggest that prophylactic treatments should be assigned by feed additive, age and animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fuhrmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (W.V.); (J.Z.); (E.-M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (W.V.); (J.Z.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (W.V.); (J.Z.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Ronald Günther
- Fachtierärztliche Praxis für Wirtschaftsgeflügel und Beratung, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Eva-Maria Saliu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (W.V.); (J.Z.); (E.-M.S.)
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17
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Kaur P, Singh Sandhu K, Singh Purewal S, Kaur M, Kumar Singh S. Rye: A wonder crop with industrially important macromolecules and health benefits. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110769. [PMID: 34865784 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale) is a rich source of macromolecules, especially starch, fiber, and proteins which encourages the researchers and industries to use it for various purposes including bakery products, beverages and edible films formulation. However, despite many nutritional and health benefiting properties, rye has not been explored up to its full potential. Interest of consumers in formulating foods with high fiber and phenolic compounds has generated our interest in compiling the detailed information on rye. The present review on rye grains summarizes the existing scientific data on rye macronutrients (starch, arabinoxylan, β-glucan, fructan and proteins) and their corresponding industrial importance. Detailed description in this review unfolds the potential of rye grains for human nutrition. This review provides comprehensive knowledge and fills the remaining gap between the previous and latest scientific findings. Comprehensive information on rye nutrients along with health benefits will help to open a new era for scientific world and industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinderpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Kawaljit Singh Sandhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India.
| | - Sukhvinder Singh Purewal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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18
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Van Pamel E, Cnops G, Van Droogenbroeck B, Delezie EC, Van Royen G, Vlaemynck GM, Aper J, Muylle H, Bekaert KM, Cooreman K, Robbens J, Delbare D, Roldan-Ruiz I, Crivits M, De Ruyck H, Herman L. Opportunities within the Agri-food System to Encourage a Nutritionally Balanced Diet – Part I. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1719504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Els Van Pamel
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Gerda Cnops
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Droogenbroeck
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Evelyne C. Delezie
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Geert Van Royen
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Mml Vlaemynck
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jonas Aper
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Karen Mm Bekaert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Kris Cooreman
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Johan Robbens
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Daan Delbare
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldan-Ruiz
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Maarten Crivits
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Social Sciences Unit, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hendrik De Ruyck
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Lieve Herman
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
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19
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Abedelmaksoud TG, Smuda SS, Altemimi AB, Mohamed RM, Pratap‐Singh A, Ali MR. Sunroot snack bar: Optimization, characterization, consumer perception, and storage stability assessment. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4394-4407. [PMID: 34401088 PMCID: PMC8358387 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the evolution of phenolics, inulin content, proximate composition, hardness, and sensory characteristics of an inulin-rich healthy snack bar (The Sunroot Snack Bar) over 90 days of storage in refrigerated and room temperature storage. A response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite rotatable design was first employed for optimizing the concentrations of sunroot, potato, and oats. The optimum selected concentrations of sunroot, potato, and oat were 53.99, 37.88, and 5 g, respectively, and a quadratic model was found to yield the best fit. Analysis of variance revealed that a higher sunroot content resulted in more firmness of the bar and higher overall acceptability in sensory trials. Sunroot snack bar samples without flavor (control), sunroot snack bar with cheese flavor (S1), and sunroot snack bar with olive flavor (S2) were then tested for sensory, chemical, phytochemicals, and microbial contents among control, S1, and S2 samples over a 90-day shelf-life study. Results showed no significant (p < .05) changes in these contents on addition of flavor. An increase in microbial load and the appearance of a bitter taste after 30 days of fresh sunroot storage were observed. No microbial growth was observed in all sunroot snack bar samples during storage at 4°C, while some microbial growth was observed at 25°C for 90 days. It was inferred that the high-quality shelf life of the sunroot bar was 90 days at 4°C, which was shortened to a month if the bars were preserved at 25°C. There was a significant phenolic and inulin content loss at 25°C compared with 4°C in total phenolic component. Based on the results of sensory evaluation, online questionnaire of customer experience, and cost analysis, this study successfully used sunroot tubers for the production of snack bars as a promising new raw material, which was introduced healthily with a suitable price for such product compared with other products in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayed Saad Smuda
- Food Science DepartmentFaculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food scienceCollege of AgricultureUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq
| | | | - Anubhav Pratap‐Singh
- Food, Nutrition & Health ProgramFaculty of Land and Food SystemsThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Marwa Rashad Ali
- Food Science DepartmentFaculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
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20
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Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Prebiotic Enriched Infant Formula-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041276. [PMID: 33924514 PMCID: PMC8070502 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of an infant formula supplemented with a mixture of prebiotic short and long chain inulin-type oligosaccharides on health outcomes, safety and tolerance, as well as on fecal microbiota composition during the first year of life. In a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, n = 160 healthy term infants under 4 months of age were randomized to receive either an infant formula enriched with 0.8 g/dL of Orafti®Synergy1 or an unsupplemented control formula until the age of 12 months. Growth, fever (>38 °C) and infections were regularly followed up by a pediatrician. Digestive symptoms, stool consistency as well as crying and sleeping patterns were recorded during one week each study month. Fecal microbiota and immunological biomarkers were determined from a subgroup of infants after 2, 6 and 12 months of life. The intention to treat (ITT) population consisted of n = 149 infants. Both formulae were well tolerated. Mean duration of infections was significantly lower in the prebiotic fed infants (p < 0.05). The prebiotic group showed higher Bifidobacterium counts at month 6 (p = 0.006), and higher proportions of Bifidobacterium in relation to total bacteria at month 2 and 6 (p = 0.042 and p = 0.013, respectively). Stools of infants receiving the prebiotic formula were softer (p < 0.05). Orafti®Synergy1 tended to beneficially impact total daily amount of crying (p = 0.0594). Supplementation with inulin-type prebiotic oligosaccharides during the first year of life beneficially modulates the infant gut microbiota towards higher Bifidobacterium levels at the first 6 months of life, and is associated with reduced duration of infections.
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21
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Han S, Wen Y, Yang F, He P. Chicken Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) Protects Mice Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection Through Improving Intestinal Health and Immune Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:662710. [PMID: 33928047 PMCID: PMC8076637 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.662710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY), considered as a potential substitute for antibiotics, has been used for preventing pathogens infection in food, human and animals. This study investigated effects of IgY on growth, adhesion inhibitory and morphology of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 in vitro, and evaluated the protective effects of IgY on intestinal health and immune response of mice infected with ETEC in vivo. Sixty pathogen-free C57BL/6J (4-6 weeks of age) mice were divided into six treatments: control (neither IgY nor ETEC infection), ETEC infection, ETEC-infected mice treated with 250 μL of high-dose (32 mg/mL), medium-dose (16 mg/mL) or low-dose (8 mg/mL) anti-ETEC IgY, or ETEC-infected mice treated with 250 μL of non-specific IgY (16 mg/mL). Anti-ETEC IgY inhibited ETEC growth, reduced adherence of ETEC to intestinal epithelial cells J2 and damaged the morphology and integrity of ETEC cell. Oral administration of anti-ETEC IgY effectively ameliorated ETEC-induced clinical signs, reduced ETEC colonization and intestinal permeability, alleviated inflammatory response through reducing the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, improved intestinal morphology, and inhibited excessive activation of the mucosal immune response of challenged mice. The overall protective effects of high-dose and medium-dose anti-ETEC IgY against ETEC infection were more effective. These results suggest that anti-ETEC IgY may function as a promising novel prophylactic agent against enteric pathogens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengfan Yang
- Hubei Shendi Biological Technology Co., LTD, Jingmen, China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Association of Allergic Diseases and Related Conditions with Dietary Fiber Intake in Korean Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062889. [PMID: 33808963 PMCID: PMC7998737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An association between fiber intake and allergic diseases in children has been reported; however, many studies have not been conducted to assess this association in adults. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary fiber intake and allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis) among 10,479 adults using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011). As dietary fiber intake increased, the prevalence of asthma (Q4 adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.656; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–0.91, p for trend < 0.0001) and atopic dermatitis (Q3 crude OR: 0.746; 95% CI: 0.57–0.98; Q4 adjusted OR: 0.712; 95% CI: 0.50–1.01, p for trend < 0.0001) decreased. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (Q2 adjusted OR: 0.840; 95% CI: 0.70–1.00, p for trend < 0.0001) tended to decrease, especially in males. Subgroup analysis revealed that fiber intake reduced allergic rhinitis symptoms, including watery rhinorrhea (Q3 adjusted OR: 0.734; 95% CI: 0.55–0.97; Q4 adjusted OR: 0.722; 95% CI: 0.54–0.97) and dog allergen sensitization (Q3 adjusted OR: 0.319; 95% CI: 0.13–0.82; Q4 adjusted OR: 0.338; 95% CI: 0.13–0.86), exclusively in males. Thus, dietary fiber intake influences allergic diseases in adults, especially males.
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23
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Lee HB, Son SU, Lee JE, Lee SH, Kang CH, Kim YS, Shin KS, Park HY. Characterization, prebiotic and immune-enhancing activities of rhamnogalacturonan-I-rich polysaccharide fraction from molokhia leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:443-450. [PMID: 33556396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived polysaccharides possess potential health benefits that improve intestinal health and the immune system. Molokhia leaves have a large amount of mucilage polysaccharide; in the present study, crude polysaccharide extract was prepared from molokhia leaves. The molecular weight of molokhia leaf polysaccharide fraction (MPF) was estimated to be 51.2 × 103 Da. Polysaccharide was methylated and the structure of MPF was mainly composed of rhamnogalacturonan-I structure with side chains, such as galactans and linear glucan (starch), as shown by GC-MS analysis. To study the biofunctional effects of MPF, its prebiotic and intestinal immune-enhancing activities were assayed in vitro. MPF exhibited good prebiotic activity, as shown by its high prebiotic scores, and increased contents of total short-chain fatty acids on five probiotic strains. In addition, MPF showed immune-enhancing activity on Peyer's patches, as revealed by the high bone marrow cell proliferating activity and production of immunoglobulin A and cytokines. These results demonstrate that MPF may be a potential beneficial prebiotic and intestinal immune-enhancer, which may have wide implications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Eun Lee
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Kang
- MEDIOGEN Co. Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Choi JH, Jung TH, Seo HJ, Han KS. Development of livestock feed additives using porcine blood cells. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:478-484. [PMID: 33496048 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Livestock blood discarded during slaughtering has potentially valuable components such as plasma proteins and haemoglobin. Plasma is used as a feed additive following processing via different methods, including spray drying, whereas blood cells have been underutilized. In this study, we developed haemoglobin hydrolysate (HH) and iron-enriched residue (IER) from porcine blood cells and investigated whether their oral administration regulates the immune system and gut microbiota in growing rats. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats (n = 7) were used during a 4-week trial and were fed a control, HH or IER diet. The ratio of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia strains increased in rats fed HH or IER diets. Moreover, compared with the control group, the IER group had an elevated ratio of Lactobacillus to Enterobacteria, which is regarded as an index of beneficial aspect in the gut. Phagocytosis of peripheral blood leucocytes was higher in the HH and IER groups than in the control group. The level of plasma immunoglobulin G increased to approximately 72.7 mg/ml and 152.0 mg/ml in the HH and IER groups, respectively, which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the control group. These results confirm that HH and IER developed in this study may be a potential additive for animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Jung
- Department of Health and Bio-Convergence, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health and Bio-Convergence, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Kondratiuk VE, Tarasenko OM, Karmazina OM, Taranchuk VV. Impact of the Synbiotics and Urate-Lowering Therapy on Gut Microbiota and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Chronic Gouty Arthritis. J Med Life 2021; 13:490-498. [PMID: 33456597 PMCID: PMC7803318 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of our study is the impact evaluation of complex urate-lowering therapy with the synbiotic addition on fecal microbiota and cytokine profile in patients with primary gout. During our study, 130 men (mean age 55.5 ± 9.4 years) with gout (duration 7.7 ± 7.1 years) were examined. All patients were divided into two treatment groups. The main group (n = 68) was taking allopurinol at 300 mg per day dose and additionally a synbiotic. The comparison group (n = 62) received allopurinol monotherapy without synbiotic intake. The therapy duration was 3 months. Evaluation of therapy efficiency was marked by blood uric acid changes, cytokine levels, CRP and fecal microbiota condition. After treatment, stabilization of the gut microbiota parameters was observed, which was leading to normalization uricemia levels (40.3% vs. 21%, p <0.01) in the main group patients. Addition of synbiotic to allopurinol leads to a blood uric acid lowering (18.7% vs. 13.3%, p <0.01), CRP reduction (75% vs. 26.3%, p <0.01) as well as decrease of cytokines level: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFα (all p <0.001). After a 3-month gout treatment, a group of patients who received complex therapy with synbiotic inclusion showed signs of disease remission characterized by inflammation activity reducing, fecal microbiota condition normalization and a more pronounced decrease in laboratory markers comparing to control group.
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Effect of Spent Mushroom ( Cordyceps militaris) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Weaning Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122360. [PMID: 33321775 PMCID: PMC7764026 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited published reports regarding the optimal dosage of spent mushroom. This study investigated the effect of various levels of spent mushroom derived from C. militaris as an alternative growth promoter to an in-feed antibiotic on the growth performance, blood profiles, immunoglobulin, inflammation, and microbial count of weaning pigs. A total of 120 pigs (6.63 ± 0.13 kg initial body weight) were blocked by weight and sex in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had six replicates of four pigs each. The pigs were allotted into five treatments: (1) positive control (PC) with 150 mg/kg colistin; (2) negative control (NC) without antibiotic inclusion; and (3-5) negative control groups with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg of C. militariss pent mushroom (SM), respectively. Blood samples were collected at day 35 for determination of blood-related lipid metabolism and immunity. Fresh fecal samples were collected to examine microbial counts on day 35 postweaning. The results showed that SM at 1.5 g/kg improved the body weight, average daily weight gain, and average daily feed intake of weaning pigs in the overall period (p < 0.05). Moreover, the highest dosage of SM caused improvements in the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, and immunoglobulin A, along with suppressions of total cholesterol, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and E. coli (p < 0.05). Therefore, the weaned pigs fed a 1.5 g/kg SM diet showed improved growth performance and displayed greater immunoglobulin secretion and lower inflammation, pathogenic population, and cholesterol concentration.
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Pujari R, Banerjee G. Impact of prebiotics on immune response: from the bench to the clinic. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:255-273. [PMID: 32996638 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the immunomodulatory role exerted by prebiotics in regulating the immune response. In this review, we describe the mechanistic and clinical studies that decipher the cell signaling pathways implicated in the process. Prebiotic fibers are conventionally known to serve as substrate for probiotic commensal bacteria that release of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract along with several other metabolites. Subsequently, they then act on the local as well as the systemic immune cells and the gut-associated epithelial cells, primarily through G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated pathways. However, other pathways including histone deacetylase inhibition and inflammasome pathway have also been implicated in regulating the immunomodulatory effect. The prebiotics can also induce a microbiota-independent effect by directly acting on the gut-associated epithelial and innate immune cells through the Toll-like receptors. The cumulative effect results in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier integrity and modulation of innate immunity through secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, switches in macrophage polarization and function, neutrophil recruitment and migration, dendritic cell and regulatory T-cell differentiation. Extending these in vitro and ex vivo observations, some prebiotics have been well investigated, with successful human and animal trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in health endpoints across populations. This review discusses scientific insights into the association between prebiotics, innate immunity and gut microbiome from in vitro to human oral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Pujari
- Innovation Centre, Tata Chemicals Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gautam Banerjee
- Innovation Centre, Tata Chemicals Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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28
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Dinçoğlu AH, Rugji J. Use of rose oil in probiotic fermented whey as a functional food. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:2705-2713. [PMID: 34194106 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal use of phytochemicals dates back to ancient times. Following that, in the 1980s those phytochemicals because of their chemical composition were used to produce new functional foods with added health benefits. Based on their positive effects, nowdays phytochemicals are integrated into the composition of various food products such as whey. This study aimed to develop a functional beverage using probiotics, inulin and rose oil (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and to reveal their effects on some quality properties of the product during 28 days of storage. Lactobacillus acidophilus simultaneously with Bifidobacterium animalis were inoculated into reconstituted whey and inulin was added to enhance their growth and survival in the gastrointestinal tract. Beverage containing 0.5% rose oil (group D) was the most preferred and at the 28th day of storage contained 8.70 log10 cfu/ml, which is essential for a product to have probiotic properties. Microbiological evaluations including rose oil sample showed the absence of coliform in all the samples, while total mesophilic aerobic, yeast and mould counts showed no significant differences related to rose oil during storage period. Groups C, D, E and F had low pH values while group E exhibited the highest acidity level with its highest value (1.6% LA) at the 21st day. For the most part of storage period, group C had the highest levels of total solids while groups D, E and F had higher amounts of protein. Through storage duration, in all groups (except group B) the levels of ash, total solids and protein decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hulusi Dinçoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
| | - Jerina Rugji
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Health Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, Turkey
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Dietary Fiber from Underutilized Plant Resources—A Positive Approach for Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agri-food industries generate enormous amounts of fruit and vegetable processing wastes, which opens up an important research area aimed towards minimizing and managing them efficiently to support zero wastes and/or circular economy concept. These wastes remain underutilized owing to a lack of appropriate processing technologies vital for their efficient valorization, especially for recovery of health beneficial bioactives like dietary fibers. Dietary fiber finds wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industries and holds high promise as a potential food additive and/or as a functional food ingredient to meet the techno-functional purposes important for developing health-promoting value-added products. Based on this, the present review has been designed to support ‘zero waste’ and ‘waste to wealth’ concepts. In addition, the focus revolves around providing updated information on various sustainability challenges incurred towards valorization of fruit and vegetable wastes for extraction of health promoting dietary fibers.
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The effects of different high-fat (lard, soybean oil, corn oil or olive oil) diets supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides on colonic alkaline phosphatase activity in rats. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:89-99. [PMID: 32193633 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently reported that fermentable non-digestible carbohydrates including fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) commonly elevate colonic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of IAP-I, an ALP gene, in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet, and also elevate gut mucins and modulate gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate whether dietary fat types influence the effect of FOS on colonic ALP activity and the luminal environment in HF-fed rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 30% soybean oil, corn oil, olive oil or lard with or without 4% FOS for 2 weeks. Colon ALP activity, gene expression, and gut luminal variables including mucins and microbiota were measured. RESULTS In the lard diet groups, dietary FOS significantly elevated colonic ALP activity and the expression of IAP-I. The elevating effect of FOS on colonic ALP activity was also observed in the olive oil diet groups, although here the IAP-I expression was not changed. However, the soybean oil and corn oil diet groups did not exhibit the elevating effect of FOS on colon ALP. Fecal ALP and mucins were significantly elevated by dietary FOS regardless of dietary fat types, and the effect of FOS was prominent in the lard diet groups. The number of Lactobacillus spp. observed in fecal matter was significantly increased by dietary FOS in the lard and olive oil diet groups, but not in the soybean oil and corn oil diets groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that dietary fat types may change the effect of FOS on the colonic luminal environment including the ALP activity in rats fed a high-fat diet.
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Magri A, Oliveira MR, Baldo C, Tischer CA, Sartori D, Mantovani MS, Celligoi MAPC. Production of fructooligosaccharides by Bacillus subtilis natto CCT7712 and their antiproliferative potential. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1414-1426. [PMID: 31891438 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) known for their health properties and β-(2→6)-levan-type FOSs have shown prebiotic and immunomodulatory activities that overcome those of commercial β-(2→1)-FOSs, but costs do not favour their use. Moreover, FOSs can reach the bloodstream through the diet, and little is known about their direct effect on cells. The aim of this work was to produce high-content FOSs by Bacillus subtilis natto CCT7712 in a bioreactor using commercial sucrose and to evaluate their antiproliferative effects in OVCAR-3 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS FOS production reached 173·60 g l-1 , 0·2 vvm aeration and uncontrolled pH. Levan-type FOSs, composed of β-(2 → 6) links and mainly GF3 (6-nystose), were identified using RMN spectroscopy, FT-IR and ESI-MS. FOSs decreased the viability and proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells, and the effects were associated with an increased pro-inflammatory response by the induction of IL-8 and TNF-α, and the repression of ER-β genes. The metabolic profiles showed disruption of cellular homeostasis that can be associated with a decrease in proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The high production of levan-type FOSs from B. subtilis natto CCT7712 in a bioreactor was achieved, and they showed antiproliferative potential in OVCAR-3 cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY FOS could be a good target for future therapeutic studies and commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Magri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - M R Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - C Baldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - C A Tischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - D Sartori
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - M S Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - M A P C Celligoi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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San Andres JV, Mastromano GA, Li Y, Tran H, Bundy JW, Miller PS, Burkey TE. The effects of prebiotics on growth performance and in vitro immune biomarkers in weaned pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:1315-1325. [PMID: 32704894 PMCID: PMC7200398 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effects of prebiotics in nursery pigs on growth performance and immune biomarkers. Sixty-four weaned pigs (31 ± 1 d; BW 8 ± 0.1 kg) of mixed gender were housed (4 pigs/pen) in an environmentally controlled nursery with ad libitum access to feed and water over a 35-d study. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: control (53% corn, 32% SBM, 7% fishmeal, 8% others), control + 2.5% GroBiotic-S (GS), control + 0.05% chicory (CL), or control + 0.5% chicory (CH). Feeders and pigs were weighed weekly. On day 21, blood samples were obtained from three pigs/treatment for collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Isolated PBMC were cultured and subsequently challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 ng/mL). Cell culture supernatants were collected for quantification of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, respectively. Dietary treatment had no effect on BW. At days 28 to 35, pigs fed GS (790 ± 15 g), CL (704 ± 15 g), or CH (692 ± 15 g) had greater (P < 0.05) ADG compared with control (643 ± 15 g) pigs. In addition, overall (days 0–35), pigs fed GS (823 ± 18 g), CL (783 ± 18 g), or CH (782 ± 18 g) had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI compared with control, and ADFI for GS-fed pigs was greater (P < 0.05) than either CL or CH. There was no difference in G:F among treatments. In vitro LPS challenge increased (P < 0.05) IL-8 secretion from PBMC isolated from CL (23,731 ± 3,221 pg/mL) pigs compared with control (10,061 ± 3,221 pg/mL) and CH (12,411 ± 3,221 pg/mL) pigs. Secretion of IL-10 from PBMC isolated from CL (63 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs was greater (P < 0.05) compared with control (22 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs and tended (P < 0.1) to be greater compared with CH (34 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs. Results indicate that inclusion of prebiotics in nursery pig diets has positive effects on growth performance and may have immunomodulatory effects (in vitro) on cells isolated from prebiotic-fed pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice V San Andres
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Animal Science, Central Luzon State University, Philippines
| | | | - Yanshuo Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Huyen Tran
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Justin W Bundy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Phillip S Miller
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Thomas E Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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Jiménez-Sánchez M, Pérez-Morales R, Goycoolea FM, Mueller M, Praznik W, Loeppert R, Bermúdez-Morales V, Zavala-Padilla G, Ayala M, Olvera C. Self-assembled high molecular weight inulin nanoparticles: Enzymatic synthesis, physicochemical and biological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:160-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Makhlouf S, Jones S, Ye SH, Sancho-Madriz M, Burns-Whitmore B, Li YO. Effect of selected dietary fibre sources and addition levels on physical and cooking quality attributes of fibre-enhanced pasta. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silva Makhlouf
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Don B. Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA
| | - Spencer Jones
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Don B. Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA
| | - Shu-Hong Ye
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Don B. Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA
| | - Martin Sancho-Madriz
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Don B. Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA
| | - Bonny Burns-Whitmore
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Don B. Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA
| | - Yao Olive Li
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Don B. Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA
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The Effect of Inulin on Lifespan, Related Gene Expression and Gut Microbiota in InRp5545/TM3 Mutant Drosophila melanogaster: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030636. [PMID: 30875994 PMCID: PMC6470987 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin is considered an efficient prebiotic and is beneficial for metabolic diseases via promoting intestinal probiotic enrichment and the metabolites of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, the effect of inulin on patients with InR deficiencies has seldom been reported. In this study, the lifespan, related gene expression, and gut microbiota of InRp5545/TM3 (insulin receptor mutant) Drosophila melanogaster under inulin treatment were investigated. The results showed that the lifespan was extended in only males and not in females. Furthermore, distinctly different patterns of gene expression were found between males and females, especially in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like signalling (IIS) and target of rapamycin (TOR) pathways. Additionally, as a link between inulin and lifespan responses, the gut microbiota was distinctly separated by gender in both the standard diet group and the inulin treatment group, and the relationship between lifespan and the gut microbiota community was stronger in male flies than in females. This study provides preliminary evidence for the gender-dependent lifespan responses to inulin in insulin signalling-deficient Drosophila. However, controls such as wild-type and TM3 flies, and more InR mutant strains with different genetic backgrounds need to be further investigated to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon.
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Tang Y, Cui Y, De Agostini A, Zhang L. Biological mechanisms of glycan- and glycosaminoglycan-based nutraceuticals. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:445-469. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Complimenting gluten free bakery products with dietary fiber: Opportunities and constraints. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Consumption of non-digestible oligosaccharides elevates colonic alkaline phosphatase activity by up-regulating the expression of IAP-I, with increased mucins and microbial fermentation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2018; 121:146-154. [PMID: 30400998 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that soluble dietary fibre, glucomannan, increased colonic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the gene expression without affecting the small-intestinal activity and that colonic ALP was correlated with gut mucins (index of intestinal barrier function). We speculated that dietary fermentable carbohydrates including oligosaccharides commonly elevate colonic ALP and gene expression as well as increase mucin secretion and microbial fermentation. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 30 % lard with or without 4 % fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), raffinose (RAF) and lactulose (LAC), which are non-digestible oligosaccharides or isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOS; some digestible oligosaccharides) for 2 weeks. Colon ALP activity, the gene expression and gut luminal variables including mucins, organic acids and microbiota were measured. Colonic ALP was significantly elevated in the FOS, RAF and LAC groups, and a similar trend was observed in the GOS group. Colonic expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP -I), an ALP gene, was significantly elevated in the FOS, GOS and RAF groups and tended to be increased in the LAC group. Dietary FOS, GOS, RAF and LAC significantly elevated faecal mucins, caecal n-butyrate and faecal ratio of Bifidobacterium spp. Dietary IMOS had no effect on colonic ALP, mucins, organic acids and microbiota. Colon ALP was correlated with mucins, caecal n-butyrate and faecal Bifidobacterium spp. This study demonstrated that non-digestible and fermentable oligosaccharides commonly elevate colonic ALP activity and the expression of IAP-I, with increasing mucins and microbial fermentation, which might be important for protection of gut epithelial homoeostasis.
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Lee JB, Zgair A, Malec J, Kim TH, Kim MG, Ali J, Qin C, Feng W, Chiang M, Gao X, Voronin G, Garces AE, Lau CL, Chan TH, Hume A, McIntosh TM, Soukarieh F, Al-Hayali M, Cipolla E, Collins HM, Heery DM, Shin BS, Yoo SD, Kagan L, Stocks MJ, Bradshaw TD, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Lipophilic activated ester prodrug approach for drug delivery to the intestinal lymphatic system. J Control Release 2018; 286:10-19. [PMID: 30016732 PMCID: PMC6143478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal lymphatic system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including lymphomas, cancer metastasis, autoimmune diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is thus an important compartment for delivery of drugs in order to treat diseases associated with the lymphatic system. Lipophilic prodrug approaches have been used in the past to take advantage of the intestinal lymphatic transport processes to deliver drugs to the intestinal lymphatics. Most of the approaches previously adopted were based on very bulky prodrug moieties such as those mimicking triglycerides (TG). We now report a study in which a lipophilic prodrug approach was used to efficiently deliver bexarotene (BEX) and retinoic acid (RA) to the intestinal lymphatic system using activated ester prodrugs. A range of carboxylic ester prodrugs of BEX were designed and synthesised and all of the esters showed improved association with chylomicrons, which indicated an improved potential for delivery to the intestinal lymphatic system. The conversion rate of the prodrugs to BEX was the main determinant in delivery of BEX to the intestinal lymphatics, and activated ester prodrugs were prepared to enhance the conversion rate. As a result, an 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxol-2-one ester prodrug of BEX was able to increase the exposure of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) to BEX 17-fold compared to when BEX itself was administered. The activated ester prodrug approach was also applied to another drug, RA, where the exposure of the MLNs was increased 2.4-fold through the application of a similar cyclic activated prodrug. Synergism between BEX and RA was also demonstrated in vitro by cell growth inhibition assays using lymphoma cell lines. In conclusion, the activated ester prodrug approach results in efficient delivery of drugs to the intestinal lymphatic system, which could benefit patients affected by a large number of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Atheer Zgair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Anbar 31001, Iraq
| | - Jed Malec
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; DMPK, Evotec, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Ali
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manting Chiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xizhe Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Gregory Voronin
- Comparative Medicine Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Aimie E Garces
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chun Long Lau
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ting-Hoi Chan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amy Hume
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Fadi Soukarieh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Elena Cipolla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy
| | - Hilary M Collins
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Dong Yoo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Leonid Kagan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Ma J, Li H. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1082. [PMID: 30319417 PMCID: PMC6167910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of gut microbiota in maintaining human health. Gut dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, CVD has become the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries. In this review, we mainly discuss the gut microbiota-involved mechanisms of CVD focusing on atherosclerosis and hypertension, two major risk factors for serious CVD. Then, we briefly discuss the prospects of gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yan J, Hu J, Yang R, Zhao W. A new nanofibrillated and hydrophobic grafted dietary fibre derived from bamboo leaves: enhanced physicochemical properties and real adsorption capacity of oil. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Jianxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
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Inulin supplementation reduces the negative effect of a high-fat diet rich in SFA on bone health of growing pigs. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:1111-1118. [PMID: 29759107 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet, rich in SFA, causes deterioration of bone properties. Some studies suggest that feeding inulin to animals may increase mineral absorption and positively affect bone quality; however, these studies have been carried out only on rodents fed a standard diet. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of inulin on bone health of pigs (using it as an animal model for humans) fed a high-fat diet rich in SFA, having an unbalanced ratio of lysine:metabolisable energy. It was hypothesised that inulin reduces the negative effects of such a diet on bone health. At 50 d of age, twenty-one pigs were randomly allotted to three groups: the control (C) group fed a standard diet, and two experimental (T and TI) groups fed a high-fat diet rich in SFA. Moreover, TI pigs consumed an extra inulin supply (7 % of daily feed intake). After 10 weeks, whole-body bone mineral content (P=0·0054) and bone mineral density (P=0·0322) were higher in pigs of groups TI and C compared with those of group T. Femur bone mineral density was highest in pigs in group C, lower in group TI and lowest in group T (P=0·001). Femurs of pigs in groups TI and C had similar, but higher, maximum strength compared with femurs of pigs in group T (P=0·0082). In conclusion, consumption of a high-fat diet rich in SFA adversely affected bone health, but inulin supplementation in such a diet diminishes this negative effect.
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Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z, Jamshidi F, Nasrollahzadeh J, Amiri Z, Teymourian H. Effect of Honey on Diarrhea and Fecal Microbiotain in Critically Ill Tube-Fed Patients: A Single Center Randomized Controlled Study. Anesth Pain Med 2018; 8:e62889. [PMID: 29868456 PMCID: PMC5970365 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.62889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Enteral Nutrition (EN) is the first choice for feeding support, however, it is often complicated by gastrointestinal side effects, such as diarrhea. There are no studies that have specifically evaluated effect of a prebiotic, which prevents diarrhea during enteral nutrition. Objective This study aimed at evaluating the effect of honey in enteral diet during occurrence of diarrhea and fecal microbiotain in critically ill patients. Materials and Methods In this double-blind, randomized controlled single-center study, 32 patients were randomly selected to receive a high protein kitchen enteral diet and the study group had honey as 10% of its carbohydrate intake. Quantitative analyses of bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species of fecal samples were assessed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on days 0 and 7. Results Patients in the honey group showed an insignificant increase in the frequency of bifidobacterium DNA by study day 7 in comparison with the control group. In the honey group, there was a considerable reduction in diarrhea (P = 0.09). A significant difference was found in length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (P = 0.001) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (P = 0.04) in favor of the honey group. Conclusions Enteral nutrition with honey might reduce the length of stay at the ICU and development of organ failure in critically ill patients. It seems that honey helps reduce the incidence of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Vahdat Shariatpanahi
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Amiri
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houman Teymourian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Houman Teymourian, Associate professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2122741174, E-mail:
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Xu G, Xing W, Li T, Ma Z, Liu C, Jiang N, Luo L. Effects of dietary raffinose on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiome of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:237-246. [PMID: 29104091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the efficacy of raffinose on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). Hybrid sturgeons were divided into 2 groups and each group was fed with diets supplemented with or without raffinose for 56 days. Hybrid sturgeon fed diet supplemented with raffinose had significantly higher final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain ratio (WGR) than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Raffinose in diet had no negative effect on feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). Compared with the control diet, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and respiratory burst (NBT) activitives were significantly higher in sturgeon fed the raffinose supplemented diet (P < 0.05). The increasing of intestinal villi area and mucosal folds were observed in intestinal tract of sturgeon when they fed the raffinose supplemented diet. Meanwhile, the residual bait of intestinal tract was relatively lower in sturgeon with raffinose treatment. High-throughput sequencing revealed that majority of reads derived from the sturgeon digesta were constituted by members of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. Shannon's diversity index existed significant difference among dietary treatments indicating that the overall microbial community was modified to a large extent by dietary raffinose. In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with raffinose is capable of improving hybrid sturgeon growth performances and intestinal morphology, modifying the intestinal microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanling Xu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Tieliang Li
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China.
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Oral administration of cannabis with lipids leads to high levels of cannabinoids in the intestinal lymphatic system and prominent immunomodulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14542. [PMID: 29109461 PMCID: PMC5674070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have well documented immunomodulatory effects in vitro, but not following oral administration in humans. Here we show that oral co-administration of cannabinoids with lipids can substantially increase their intestinal lymphatic transport in rats. CBD concentrations in the lymph were 250-fold higher than in plasma, while THC concentrations in the lymph were 100-fold higher than in plasma. Since cannabinoids are currently in clinical use for the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients, lymphocytes from those patients were used to assess the immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids. The levels of cannabinoids recovered in the intestinal lymphatic system, but not in plasma, were substantially above the immunomodulatory threshold in murine and human lymphocytes. CBD showed higher immunosuppressive effects than THC. Moreover, immune cells from MS patients were more susceptible to the immunosuppressive effects of cannabinoids than those from healthy volunteers or cancer patients. Therefore, administering cannabinoids with a high-fat meal or in lipid-based formulations has the potential to be a therapeutic approach to improve the treatment of MS, or indeed other autoimmune disorders. However, intestinal lymphatic transport of cannabinoids in immunocompromised patients requires caution.
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Syed Raffic Ali S, Ambasankar K, Saiyad Musthafa M, Harikrishnan R. Jerusalem artichoke enriched diet on growth performance, immuno-hematological changes and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:335-342. [PMID: 28899777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 45 days feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) on growth performance, body composition, biochemical, immuno-hematological parameters and disease resistance in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings against Aeromonas hydrophila. JA was supplemented at three different levels viz., control 0, 5, 10, and 20 g kg-1 in the commercial diet (403 g kg-1protein and 89 g kg -1lipid) in L. calcarifer. The results showed that there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in various growth parameters, while the whole body composition showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between control and treatment groups. Hematological parameters showed that red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), pack cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by dietary supplementation of JA at different concentration. However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fish fed with 20 g kg-1 JA supplemented diet. Biochemical parameters revealed that glucose, urea, cholesterol, and triglyceride showed significant (P < 0.05) differences between control and treatments groups. Interestingly, 20 g kg-1 JA supplemented diet significantly modulates the innate immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila compared with control and other treatment groups. The results of the study revealed that 20 g kg-1 JA supplementation has a beneficial effect in the biochemical, immunological and disease resistance in L. calcarifer juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Syed Raffic Ali
- Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Chennai, India
| | - Kondusamy Ambasankar
- Nutrition Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Chennai, India.
| | | | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lau K, Srivatsav V, Rizwan A, Nashed A, Liu R, Shen R, Akhtar M. Bridging the Gap between Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:E859. [PMID: 28796176 PMCID: PMC5579652 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is heavily colonized by a community of microbiota, primarily bacteria, that exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host and plays a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis. The consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet has been shown to induce gut dysbiosis and reduce intestinal integrity. Recent studies have revealed that dysbiosis contributes to the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by promoting two major CVD risk factors-atherosclerosis and hypertension. Imbalances in host-microbial interaction impair homeostatic mechanisms that regulate health and can activate multiple pathways leading to CVD risk factor progression. Dysbiosis has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis through metabolism-independent and metabolite-dependent pathways. This review will illustrate how these pathways contribute to the various stages of atherosclerotic plaque progression. In addition, dysbiosis can promote hypertension through vascular fibrosis and an alteration of vascular tone. As CVD is the number one cause of death globally, investigating the gut microbiota as a locus of intervention presents a novel and clinically relevant avenue for future research, with vast therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Lau
- Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- MD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Varun Srivatsav
- Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Ayesha Rizwan
- Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- MD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Andrew Nashed
- Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Rui Liu
- Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Rui Shen
- Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Mahmood Akhtar
- Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Sr. Principal Scientist, Research Executive Administration, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia.
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Akbari P, Fink-Gremmels J, Willems RHAM, Difilippo E, Schols HA, Schoterman MHC, Garssen J, Braber S. Characterizing microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on intestinal epithelial cells: insight into the role of structure and size : Structure-activity relationships of non-digestible oligosaccharides. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:1919-1930. [PMID: 27295033 PMCID: PMC5534205 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The direct effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), including Vivinal® GOS syrup (VGOS) and purified Vivinal® GOS (PGOS), on the epithelial integrity and corresponding interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) release were examined in a Caco-2 cell model for intestinal barrier dysfunction. To investigate structure-activity relationships, the effects of individual DP fractions of VGOS were evaluated. Moreover, the obtained results with GOS were compared with Caco-2 monolayers incubated with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. METHODS Caco-2 monolayers were pretreated (24 h) with or without specific oligosaccharides or DP fractions of VGOS (DP2 to DP6) before being exposed for 12 or 24 h to the fungal toxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Transepithelial electrical resistance and lucifer yellow permeability were measured to investigate barrier integrity. A calcium switch assay was used to study the reassembly of tight junction proteins. Release of CXCL8, a typical marker for inflammation, was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS In comparison with PGOS, FOS and inulin, VGOS showed the most pronounced protective effect on the DON-induced impairment of the monolayer integrity, acceleration of the tight junction reassembly and the subsequent CXCL8 release. DP2 and DP3 in concentrations occurring in VGOS prevented the DON-induced epithelial barrier disruption, which could be related to their high prevalence in VGOS. However, no effects of the separate DP GOS fractions were observed on CXCL8 release. CONCLUSIONS This comparative study demonstrates the direct, microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on the intestinal barrier function and shows the differences between individual galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides. This microbiota-independent effect of oligosaccharides depends on the oligosaccharide structure, DP length and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Akbari
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne H A M Willems
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Difilippo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Complementing the dietary fiber and antioxidant potential of gluten free bread with guava pulp powder. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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