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Winquist A, Rönnlund M. A time to reflect: deviations from the balanced time perspective are associated with hypomentalization. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1379585. [PMID: 38860048 PMCID: PMC11163059 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1379585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poor mentalization, or lack of capacity to reflect on self and others in terms mental states, thoughts, and feelings, and time perspective biases were both related to mental disorders and lower wellbeing in separate studies. Expanding one prior study, we examined the relationship of mentalization and time perspective, including a measure known as deviations from the balanced time perspective (DBTP) that summarizes time perspective biases across the past, present, and future time frames. Method A convenience sample of 258 participants responded to a version of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8) and a six-dimensional version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI). Given recent evidence that the original two-factor structure of the RFQ may need to be reconsidered, we used confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to compare alternative models for RFQ as a first step. Results In line with several recent studies, the CFA favored a unitary model of RFQ-8 reflecting hypomentalization (or uncertainty). The total score showed significant associations with Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, and Future Negative dimensions of S-ZTPI, while hypomentalization was negatively associated with Future Positive. Of major interest, DBTP and hypomentalization showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.64 for latent constructs; r = 0.62 in an adjusted model). Conclusion Deviations from the balanced time perspective were substantially related to hypomentalization. Further research is required to examine the generalizability of the finding (e.g., to measures of mentalization focused on others) and to provide a better understanding of the theoretical basis of the link. Potentially shared associations in development (e.g., attachment style) and mindfulness, that may influence both time perspective and mentalization is of interest in this regard.
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Gervais C, Jose PE. Relationships Between Family Connectedness and Stress-Triggering Problems Among Adolescents: Potential Mediating Role of Coping Strategies. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:237-251. [PMID: 37725201 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationships between family connectedness, coping strategies, and stress-triggering problems in adolescents. To this end, it longitudinally examined the relationships between these three phenomena in a sample of New Zealand adolescents. Data were the three waves of the Youth Connectedness Project, in which 1,774 adolescents aged 10-17 completed a self-report survey three times at one-year intervals. Using random intercept longitudinal mediation path models, we tested whether and to what extent different coping strategies at T2 functioned as mediators between family connectedness at T1 and stress-triggering problems at T3. As predicted, statistical analyses indicated that family connectedness negatively predicted stress-triggering problems over time, and we found that maladaptive coping, but not adaptive coping, significantly mediated this relationship. This result suggests that family connectedness predicted a reduction in maladaptive coping one year later, and this lower level of maladaptation predicted a reduction in stress-triggering problems a subsequent year later. These and other related findings are important as they highlight several mechanisms shaping unfolding problematic situations experienced by adolescents. Contributions of the results to the existing body of knowledge about adolescents' stress and coping strategies are discussed, as well as their clinical implications for the prevention or reduction of stress experienced by adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gervais
- Nursing Department, University of Quebec in Outaouais, 5 St-Joseph Street, St-Jerome Campus, Qc, J7Z 0B7, Canada.
| | - Paul E Jose
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, 6012, Wellington, New Zealand
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Ho CS, Chen YC, Lee MY, Chen CJ, Tsai HJ. Factors associated with Tourette syndrome among adolescents in Taiwan: A cross-sectional correlational study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e75-e82. [PMID: 37544859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents with Tourette syndrome (TS) may suffer from learning difficulties (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), challenges in interpersonal interactions (especially with peers), disruptions of daily routines (disruptive behavior disorders), and increased psychosocial stress, which can result in internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, such as venting depression and stress through self-harm. The aim of this study was to investigate peer attachment in adolescents with TS and associated risk factors. DESIGN AND METHODS Adolescents with TS aged 13-18 years were recruited from the outpatient departments of 2 hospitals in Taiwan. Participants completed a basic data sheet, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Chinese version of the Youth Self-Report. Descriptive statistics were performed. Structural equation modeling was used to verify the model proposed in this study and to analyze the overall fit and internal structure. RESULTS A total of 452 adolescents with TS aged 10-19 years participated in this study, which aimed to investigate factors affecting peer attachment, depression, anxiety, and psychosocial maladaptation and to explore causal relationships between these factors. Peer attachment was significantly associated with grade point average (rs = -0.240, p < .001), birth order (rs = -0.118, p = .012), parental marital status (rs = -0.111, p = .018), parenting style (rs = -0.138, p = .003), family monthly income (rs = 0.124, p = .008), and weekly hours on the internet (r = -0.164, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that depression, anxiety, and peer attachment affect psychosocial development. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings may help clinical staff manage adolescents' severe emotional distress and psychosocial maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Sheng Ho
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, MacKay Children Hospital and Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan. #92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan N. Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior of Medicine Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan. 3F.-3, No. 20-3, Ln. 128, Sec. 3, Taichung Port Rd., Situn Dist., Taichung City 40764, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Yin Lee
- Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 365, Ming-te Rd., Peitou Dist., Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Jung Chen
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
| | - Huang-Ju Tsai
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan. No.168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua, 515006, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
Both time perspectives and impulsivity dimensions are groups of traits that are connected to self-control abilities and might be important for coping styles. However, to date, no study has systematically investigated their utility in predicting coping styles with regard to their multidimensional nature. The current study was correlational and exploratory, aiming to discover what amount of variance in each of the three coping styles, problem-oriented, active emotion-oriented, and avoidant, is accounted for by two groups of predictors: time perspectives and impulsivity dimensions. N = 397 young adults aged 18-35 from the general population took part in the study. Results of a multiple linear regression testing both groups of predictors separately and of hierarchical regression analysis introducing the two predictor groups in subsequent steps suggested that time perspectives accounted for more variance in adaptive coping styles: problem-oriented and active emotion-oriented coping. For avoidant coping, both time perspectives and impulsivity dimensions accounted for a similar amount of variance. The results provide evidence that time perspectives should be investigated in domains related to coping (e.g., mental health issues, substance abuse, and risk-taking behaviors), for which impulsivity has been considered an important predictor. Moreover, impulsivity ought to be tested with regard to its multidimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowakowska
- Institute of Psychology, 49799The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Dou K, Zhang MC, Wang LX, Liang Y. Future negative time perspective and risk-taking behaviors among chinese adolescents: A longitudinal moderated mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen Q, Zhong M, Lu L. Influence of Career-Related Parental Support on Adolescents’ Career Maturity: A Two-Wave Moderated Mediation Model. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08948453221118927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the career resources model (Hirschi, 2012), the current study examined the mechanism underlying the relationship between career-related parental support and adolescents’ career maturity by investigating the mediating role of future time perspective. In addition, the moderating role of core self-evaluation in the relationship between career-related parental support and future time perspective was explored. A two-wave survey was conducted with 225 Chinese middle school students. The results showed that career-related parental support positively affected future time perspective and career maturity. Moreover, future time perspective was found to play a completely mediating role in the relationship between career-related parental support and career maturity. Furthermore, the mediating effect of future time perspective was moderated by core self-evaluation; for higher levels of core self-evaluation, the mediating effect was more substantial. The results indicated that social and psychological resources could promote adolescents’ career development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishan Chen
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Nanshan Qianhai School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuying Lu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Olivera-Figueroa LA, Papastamatelou J, Unger A, Jimenez-Torres GJ, Cuebas López KA, López-Córdova NM, Barkil-Oteo A. The role of time perspective and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive stress coping strategies of Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico and the state of Connecticut in mainland United States. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-20. [PMID: 35854704 PMCID: PMC9283842 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the role of Time Perspective (TP) and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, across healthy and treatment-seeking Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico (PR), as well as at the state of Connecticut in mainland United States (US). Participants were comprised of 197 adults from the island of PR, as well as 138 adults from Connecticut. TP was measured through five categories assessed by the Zimbardo TP Inventory (Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future), the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTPr) coefficient, and the Deviation from the Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) coefficient. Acculturative stress was measured with the Acculturative Distress Scale. Adaptive and maladaptive stress-coping were measured through the Brief COPE Inventory. DNTP predicted adaptive coping, whereas acculturative stress, Present Hedonistic, and DBTPr predicted maladaptive coping. Puerto Ricans living in Connecticut engaged more often in maladaptive coping than those in PR. Acculturative stress partially mediated the influence of DBTPr on maladaptive coping. DNTP mediated the influence of state on adaptive coping. DBTPr and acculturative stress totally mediated the influence of state on maladaptive coping. These findings suggest that assessing TP, levels of acculturative stress, and coping strategies could assist in tailoring evidence-based interventions to the specific needs of Puerto Rican populations. Doing so could be effective in promoting a Balanced Time Perspective, reducing acculturative stress, increasing adaptive coping, and improving mental as well as physical health, on Puerto Ricans living in PR or mainland US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lening A. Olivera-Figueroa
- Yale University School of Medicine-Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street # 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs-Connecticut Healthcare System (VACHS), West Haven, CT USA
| | | | - Alexander Unger
- East-Asia Institute, Ludwigshafen University of Business and Society, Rheinpromenade 12, Ludwigshafen, 67061 Germany
| | - Gladys Janice Jimenez-Torres
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX Houston, USA
| | | | | | - Andres Barkil-Oteo
- Yale University School of Medicine-Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street # 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC USA
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Unger A, Papastamatelou J, Vowinckel J, Klamut O, Heger A. Time Is the Fire in Which We Burn (Out): How Time Perspectives Affect Burnout Tendencies in Health Care Professionals Via Perceived Stress and Self-Efficacy. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAim and Background: The purpose of the current study is to examine the influence of time perspectives (TP) on the burnout-tendency of health care professionals. The concept of TP delivers a construct on how individuals frame their thinking and behavior on the emotional, cognitive and motivational level towards the past, the present and the future. Consequently, we assume that the TP configuration of health care professionals, determines how vulnerable or reluctant they will be to burnout. TP is assumed to influence the stress perception and the degree of self-efficacy which are in turn well-known factors of influence on burnout. Methods: The sample consisted of 398 health care professionals in Germany. We have measured TPs by the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and the burnout tendencies by the German version of the Maslach Burnout-Inventory (MBI-GS-D). Results: The Past-Negative and Past-Positive perspectives were identified as factors that were significantly associated with the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment. The Present-Fatalistic orientation was only associated with cynicism and the Future dimension with cynicism and personal accomplishment. Furthermore, we observed that high deviations from a Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) caused a decrease on all three burnout dimensions. In addition, the influence of the DNTP on emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment was fully mediated by perceived stress and self-efficacy. Conclusion: We identified time perspective as a substantial factor of influence on burnout for health care professions and observed an underlying mechanism of the influence of DNTP on burnout. Both factors are important for practical therapeutic conclusions, as well as for a better understanding of the role of TP for burnout.
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Marczak M, Sorokowski P, Sobol M. Balanced time perspective as a facilitator of immigrants' psychological adaptation: A study among Ukrainian immigrants in Poland. Transcult Psychiatry 2021; 58:789-803. [PMID: 32878591 DOI: 10.1177/1363461520949673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The perception of time plays a fundamental role in the organisation of basic psychological processes, and as such may also influence migrants' psychological wellbeing. This paper investigates the relationship between the perception of time and immigrants' psychological adaptation (i.e., affective aspects of migration) based on a sample of 238 Ukrainians residing in Poland. To assess time perception, we drew primarily from time perspective theory, which defines time perspective as a measure of the degree to which individuals non-consciously construe the past, the present, and the future. Psychological adaptation was assessed, focusing on participants' basic psychological needs satisfaction, their satisfaction with life, and their psychological condition. We observed a relatively strong negative relationship between negative past and fatalistic present time perspectives and psychological adaptation. Additionally, we found that a more balanced and less negative temporal profile was related to significantly better psychological adaptation of immigrants. We discuss these results in light of the cultural validity of time perspective theory, the destructive impact of negative time perspective on migrants' psychological wellbeing, and the potential applications of time perspective-based therapy in integration interventions for immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Marczak
- University of Wroclaw, Poland and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
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10
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Reliability, validity, and factor structure of future time perspective scale for adolescents and young adults (FTPS-AYA) in an Iranian female sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Nowakowska I. Age, frequency of volunteering, and Present-Hedonistic time perspective predict donating items to people in need, but not money to combat COVID-19 during lock-down. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-11. [PMID: 34177212 PMCID: PMC8219781 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Restrictions due to COVID-19 necessitated staying at home, but in some cases, encouraged charitable behavior, e.g., donating items to people in need (e.g., clothes, food), or money to support combatting COVID-19. Drawing on the previous findings regarding helping during disastrous situations and roles of time perspective in helping behaviors, the study tested the predictive value of age, gender, previous volunteering, altruistic social value orientation, and time perspectives of donating items to people in need or money to combat COVID-19. The study is pioneering in terms of including time perspectives as individual differences which might contribute to making donations during COVID-19 circumstances. The study was questionnaire-based and conducted online in the eighth week of social distancing in Poland. 150 young adults (age 18-35) took part in the study. Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that age, frequency of volunteering before the epidemic, and Present-Hedonistic time perspective predict donating items to people in need, but none of the tested variables predicted donating money to combat COVID-19. The findings suggest that charitable behavior, especially in the context of extraordinary social situations, needs to be treated as a multifaceted phenomenon. The study indicates that a Present-Hedonistic time perspective would be a promising individual difference to test in future studies on prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowakowska
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Rönnlund M, Åström E, Westlin W, Flodén L, Unger A, Papastamatelou J, Carelli MG. A Time to Sleep Well and Be Contented: Time Perspective, Sleep Quality, and Life Satisfaction. Front Psychol 2021; 12:627836. [PMID: 33935879 PMCID: PMC8085587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between time perspective, i.e., habitual ways of relating to the past, present, and future, and sleep quality. A second aim was to test a model by which the expected negative relationship between deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP), a measure taking temporal biases across all three time frames into account, and life satisfaction was mediated by poor sleep quality. To these ends, a sample of young adults (N = 386) completed a version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A measure of chronotype was in addition included for control purposes. Bivariate analyses revealed that the S-ZTPI subscales Past Negative, Future Negative and Present Fatalistic were associated with poorer sleep quality (higher PSQI scores), with significant associations in the opposite direction for Past Positive and Future Positive. However, DBTP was the strongest predictor of (poorer) sleep quality, suggesting that time perspective biases have an additive effect on sleep quality. Regression analyses with PSQI as the dependent variable and all six ZTPI subscales as the predictors indicated that time perspective accounted for about 20% of the variance in sleep quality (17% beyond chronotype), with Past Negative, Past Positive, and Future Negative as the unique predictors. The results additionally confirmed a strong relationship between DBTP and life satisfaction. Finally, data were consistent with the hypothesis that the association of DBTP and life satisfaction is mediated, in part, by sleep quality. Taken together, the results confirmed a substantial link between time perspective sleep-related problems, factors that may have a negative impact on life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Flodén
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander Unger
- Ludwigshafen University of Business and Society, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Terrone G, Gori A, Topino E, Musetti A, Scarinci A, Guccione C, Caretti V. The Link between Attachment and Gambling in Adolescence: A Multiple Mediation Analysis with Developmental Perspective, Theory of Mind (Friend) and Adaptive Response. J Pers Med 2021; 11:228. [PMID: 33810022 PMCID: PMC8005040 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several studies have supported the evidence that attachment styles are a central factor in adolescent gambling problems. On this theoretical basis, the aim of the present study is to analyze a hypothesized mediation model exploring both the direct and indirect effects of insecure attachment on gambling disorder by investigating the role of the developmental perspective, theory of mind (friend) and adaptive response in that relationship. Method: The sample consists of 178 adolescents who underwent the Measures: South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents and Friends and Family Interview. Result: The mediation analysis was conducted following Hayes' (2018) procedure, using Model 6. The results showed a significant association between insecure attachment and gambling disorder (β = 0.669; p < 0.001). The findings also highlighted a significant chained mediation model in which insecure attachment negatively influenced the developmental perspective (β = -0.742; p < 0.001), which affected the theory of mind toward one's own best friend (β = 0.352; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results highlighted a significant role of insecure attachment in predicting the symptomatic expression of gambling among adolescents, specifically impacting the development perspective, theory of mind toward one's best friend and adaptive response to stress, which were linked to each other by a sequential influence. Therefore, our results showed that a poor developmental self-vision predicted a dysfunctional theory of mind toward the best friend. This could hinder the formation of positive peer relationships, which are crucial for the development of one's identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Terrone
- Department of History, Cultural Heritage, Education and Society, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (C.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Alessia Scarinci
- Department of Education Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Camilla Guccione
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (C.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Caretti
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (C.G.); (V.C.)
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Demaray MK, Ogg JA, Malecki CK, Styck KM. COVID-19 Stress and Coping and Associations With Internalizing Problems in 4th Through 12th Grade Students. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2020.1869498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bodecka M, Nowakowska I, Zajenkowska A, Rajchert J, Kaźmierczak I, Jelonkiewicz I. Gender as a moderator between Present-Hedonistic time perspective and depressive symptoms or stress during COVID-19 lock-down. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 168:110395. [PMID: 33012936 PMCID: PMC7521869 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have addressed the impact of the COVID-19 lock-downs on psychological distress, scarce data is available relating to the role of Present-Hedonistic (PH) time perspective and gender differences in the development of depressive symptoms and stress during the period of strict social distancing. We hypothesized that gender would moderate the relationship between PH and depressiveness or stress levels, such that PH would negatively correlate with psychological distress in women but correlate positively in men. The present study was online and questionnaire-based. N = 230 participants aged 15-73 from the general population took part in the study. The results of moderation analysis allowed for full acceptance of the hypothesis for depression as a factor, but for stress the hypothesis was only partially confirmed, since the relationship between PH time perspective and stress was not significant for men (although it was positive, as expected). The findings are pioneering in terms of including PH time perspective in predicting psychological distress during the COVID-19 lock-down and have potentially significant implications for practicing clinicians, who could include the development of more adaptive time perspectives and balance them in their therapeutic work with people experiencing lock-down-related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bodecka
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Nowakowska
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zajenkowska
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rajchert
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Kaźmierczak
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Jelonkiewicz
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
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Schmitt S, Besteher B, Gaser C, Nenadić I. Human time perspective and its structural associations with voxel-based morphometry and gyrification. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 15:2237-2245. [PMID: 33274408 PMCID: PMC8500862 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Time perspective refers to humans’ concept of integrating and evaluating temporal position and evaluation of memories, emotions, and experiences. We tested the hypothesis that different aspects of time perspective, as assessed with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) are related to variation of brain structure in non-clinical subjects. Analysing data from n = 177 psychiatrically healthy subjects using voxel-based morphometry with the CAT12 software package, we identified several significant (p < 0.05 FWE, cluster-level corrected) associations. The factors past negative, reflecting a negative attitude towards past events and present fatalistic, measuring a hopeless and fatalistic attitude towards future life, were both negatively associated with grey matter volumes of the anterior insula. The ZTPI factor future was negatively associated with precuneus grey matter. There was no association of ZTPI scores with gyrification using an absolute mean curvature method, a marker of early brain development. These findings provide a link between a general psychological construct of time perspective and brain structural variations in key areas related to time keeping (anterior insula) and the default mode network (precuneus), both of which overlap with variation in behavioral aspects and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg / Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg / Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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Kaya Lefèvre H, Vansimaeys C, Bungener C, Wolf J, Dorard G. La perspective temporelle des étudiants français en première année d’études supérieures : quels liens avec les stratégies de coping et le sentiment d’efficacité ? PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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del Carpio L, Rasmussen S, Paul S. A Theory-Based Longitudinal Investigation Examining Predictors of Self-Harm in Adolescents With and Without Bereavement Experiences. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1153. [PMID: 32581958 PMCID: PMC7283530 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has demonstrated that exposure to suicide can lead to increased vulnerability for self-harm or suicide. As a result, ideation-to-action models of suicide (e.g., the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicide; IMV) recognise exposure as a significant risk factor which may be implicated in the translation of thoughts into actions. However, few studies have tested this theoretical link explicitly within an adolescent population, and examined how it compares to other types of bereavements. METHODS A 6-month prospective questionnaire study was conducted with 185 Scottish adolescents aged 11-17 (113 adolescents also completed the questionnaire at follow-up). The questionnaire included measures on experiences with bereavement and lifetime engagement in self-harm, as well as measures of defeat, entrapment, social support, coping, and other psychological variables. RESULTS At baseline, 12% of young people reported exposure to a suicide death, and 61% to a non-suicide death. In addition, 21% of pupils reported ever engaging in self-harm, while 23% had experienced self-harm ideation without engaging in it. Cross-sectional multivariate logistic regressions showed that family social support, glorifying/normalising beliefs about suicide, and family self-harm were significantly associated with self-harm group membership (control, ideation, or enactment groups). At follow-up, 10% of pupils reported exposure to a suicide death and 16% to a non-suicide death for the first time. A total of 26% of the sample reported self-harm at T2 (11% of participants for the first time), and 24% reported self-harm ideation without engaging in it. Multivariate analyses found that self-harm ideation and family self-harm at baseline were the only variables to predict self-harm group membership prospectively, in the expected directions. Bereavement experiences, whether by suicide or non-suicide, did not predict self-harm group status at baseline nor at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for the validity of a theoretical model of suicide, even though predictive ability over the 6-months period was limited. Although difficulties with recruitment may have limited the statistical power, this study provides insight into the prevalence and experiences of suicide bereavement among adolescents and the factors related to the onset and maintenance of self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura del Carpio
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Rasmussen
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Paul
- School of Social Work & Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Hasselberg A, Rönnlund M. Cultivating self-kindness and attention to the present moment in the young: A pilot-study of a two-week internet-delivered mindfulness and self-compassion program. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1769807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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20
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Kaya Y, Aydin A. The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Relationship Between Attachment and Mental Health Symptoms of University Students. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-020-09352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Åström E, Rönnlund M, Adolfsson R, Grazia Carelli M. Depressive symptoms and time perspective in older adults: associations beyond personality and negative life events. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1674-1683. [PMID: 30450950 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1506743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the extent to which time perspective, an individual's habitual way of relating to the past, the present, and the future time frames, accounts for variations in self-reported depressive symptoms among older adults. Method: Four hundred two participants (60-90 years) completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and the Swedish Zimbardo Time perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI). The influence of personality as reflected by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and self-reported negative life events (NLEs) were controlled for in hierarchic regression analyses. Results: The six S-ZTPI dimensions accounted for 24.5% of the variance in CES-D scores beyond age and gender. Half of the variance remained when the TCI factors and NLEs were controlled for. Past Negative, Future Negative, and Past Positive (inverse association) were the significant unique predictors. Significant age interactions were observed for two S-ZTPI dimensions, with a diminished association to depressive symptoms for Future Negative and a magnified association for Present Fatalistic with higher age. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a substantial relation between facets of time perspective and depressive symptoms in old age. They also indicate an age-related shift in the relative importance from concerns about of the future (Future Negative) to the present (Present Fatalistic) with increased age. In young old-age, when the future is more 'open', future worries (Future Negative) may be a more frequent source of distress. In late senescence, perceived threats to autonomy (e.g. physical health problems and cognitive deficits), as reflected by higher scores on Present Fatalistic, may instead have more bearing on mood state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
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22
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Rönnlund M, Del Missier F, Mäntylä T, Carelli MG. The Fatalistic Decision Maker: Time Perspective, Working Memory, and Older Adults' Decision-Making Competence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2038. [PMID: 31572258 PMCID: PMC6751325 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research indicates that time perspective (TP; views of past, present, and future) is related to decision-making style. By contrast, no prior study considered relations between TP and decision-making competence. We therefore investigated associations between dimensions of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) and performance on the Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC) battery in a sample of older adults (60–90 years, N = 346). A structural equation model involving four A-DMC components as indicators of a general DMC factor and the six TP dimensions as the predictors revealed a significant negative association between the Present Fatalistic dimension and DMC. Given that age-related differences were apparent in DMC and that Present Fatalistic orientation increased with age, we tested a model by which the age-related differences in DMC were mediated by age-related differences in Present Fatalistic attitudes and in working memory. The results were consistent with full mediation of the age effects, with Present Fatalistic and working memory jointly accounting for a substantial amount of the variance in DMC (51%). The finding that DMC among older adults, in particular more cognitively demanding aspects such as applying decision rules, can be undermined by increased present fatalistic attitudes and declines in working memory is discussed in terms of theoretical frameworks highlighting the contribution of both motivational and cognitive factors to effective decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rönnlund
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Timo Mäntylä
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Grazia Carelli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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23
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Sira N, Lamson A, Foster CL. Relational and Spiritual Coping Among Emerging and Young Adult Cancer Survivors. J Holist Nurs 2019; 38:52-67. [PMID: 31535901 DOI: 10.1177/0898010119874983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer presents uncertainties for individuals of any age; however, emerging and young adults (EYA) are challenged to cope with developmental tasks in addition to cancer-related stressors. Guided by the double ABC-X model and biopsychosocial-spiritual framework, the current study investigates coping strategies used by this population and the role of psychological resources (perception of parental care/control and spirituality) on their coping ability. Recruited from online social media, 210 EYA cancer survivors self-reported demographic, medical information, and completed the Brief Cope scale. In addition, spirituality reliance, perceived parental care, and parental control were measured and examined in relation to coping ability. While nearly half of participants experienced positive adaptation in relation to multiple stressors, hierarchical multiple regression revealed the developmental nature of coping and indicated that higher spirituality reliance and higher degree of parental care were predictive of adaptive coping among EYA cancer survivors. Content analyses of the open-ended questions confirmed these results. In order to facilitate adaptive coping, attention must be paid to the unique biopsychosocial-spiritual and developmental needs of young cancer survivors while encouraging family support and spirituality reliance as significant tools in coping. Practical recommendations for nursing support and healthcare teams are discussed.
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24
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Granger TA, Cook PF, Ramos G. Adolescent Peer and Parent Relationships Into Emerging Adulthood. West J Nurs Res 2019; 42:90-96. [PMID: 31064298 DOI: 10.1177/0193945919848439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Threats to adolescent and young adult health and well-being come primarily from behavior and life choices. The purpose of this study was to understand the role that peer and parent relationships have on reckless and deviant behaviors during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Select Wave I and Wave III variables from the Add Health database were studied. Adolescent reckless behavior was significantly associated with emerging adult deviant behavior, Wald χ2(1, N = 4,615) = 105, p < .001, β = 0.152, SE(β) = 0.015 Adolescent reckless behavior increases the probability of emerging adult deviant behavior among adolescents having lower scores on the quality of peer relationships, Wald χ2(1, N = 4,615) = 56, p < .001, β = 0.062, SE(β) = 0.008, and the quality of parent relationships, Wald χ2(1, N = 4,545) = 36, p < .001 β = 0.052, SE(β) = 0.009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianna Ramos
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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25
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Kaya Lefèvre H, Mirabel-Sarron C, Docteur A, Leclerc V, Laszcz A, Gorwood P, Bungener C. Time perspective differences between depressed patients and non-depressed participants, and their relationships with depressive and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:320-326. [PMID: 30594874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time perspective (TP) can be described as an individual's attitude towards his personal past, present and future. Literature suggests that it plays a role in several areas of psychological functioning (self-efficacy, coping) and impacts actual thoughts and behaviors. However, TP has seldom been studied in mental health, despite previous studies suggesting that the temporal profile is altered in depressed patients. This study investigates the differences of TP between depressed patients and non-depressed participants, and its relationship with depressive and anxiety symptoms. METHODS 45 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder were compared to 43 non-depressed participants recruited in the general population. Participants were asked to answer time perspective (ZTPI), depression (BDI-13) and anxiety (STAI-Y) self-report inventories. Statistical analysis included comparisons of scores between depressed patients and non-depressed participants, correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS Results indicate that TP is significantly altered in depressed patients. They display a more negative view of their past, a less hedonistic perspective towards their present, and a more fatalistic perspective when compared to non-depressed participants. Regression analysis shows that depressive and anxiety symptoms are associated with negative past and fatalistic present, and similar results are found with correlation analysis. LIMITATIONS The size of the sample was small, and longitudinal studies are needed to understand the dynamics and causal relationship between TP and depression. CONCLUSIONS These results underline the importance of considering TP in depressed patients, and encourage an in depth study of the relationship between TP and mood disorders. Therapeutic perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héline Kaya Lefèvre
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 71 avenue Édouard Vaillant, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Christine Mirabel-Sarron
- Centre des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (C.M.M.E), Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Aurélie Docteur
- Centre des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (C.M.M.E), Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Virginie Leclerc
- Centre des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (C.M.M.E), Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Alexandra Laszcz
- Centre des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (C.M.M.E), Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Centre des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (C.M.M.E), Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Catherine Bungener
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, EA 4057, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 71 avenue Édouard Vaillant, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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26
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Deviations from a balanced time perspective in late adulthood: Associations with current g and g in youth. INTELLIGENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rönnlund M, Carelli MG. Time Perspective Biases Are Associated With Poor Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, and Lower Levels of Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1356. [PMID: 30197610 PMCID: PMC6117420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which individual differences in time perspective, i.e., habitual way of relating to the personal past, present, and future, are associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a sample of older adults. The participants (N = 437, 60–90 years) completed the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ), a the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), and two ratings of subjective well-being (SWB) (life satisfaction, happiness). Based on established relationships between dimension of time perspective and other variables (e.g., depression) and relations between negative retrospection (rumination) and negative prospection (worry) in prior studies, we expected higher scores on Past Negative and Future Negative to be linked to poor sleep quality and (indirectly) increased daytime sleepiness. Moreover, we examined the possibility that variations in perceived sleep and sleepiness during the day mediates the expected association between an aggregate measure of deviations from a so called balanced time perspective (DBTP) and SWB. In regression analyses controlling for demographic factors (age, sex, and work status), higher scores on Past Negative and Future Negative predicted poorer sleep quality and higher levels of daytime sleepiness. Additionally, most of the association between time perspective and daytime sleepiness was accounted for by individual differences in sleep quality. Finally, structural equation modeling yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that variations in sleep mediate part of the negative relationship between DBTP and SWB. Given that good sleep is essential to multiple aspects of health, future studies evaluating relationships between time perspective and adverse health outcomes should consider sleep quality as a potentially contributing factor.
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Rönnlund M, Åström E, Adolfsson R, Carelli MG. Perceived Stress in Adults Aged 65 to 90: Relations to Facets of Time Perspective and COMT Val 158Met Polymorphism. Front Psychol 2018; 9:378. [PMID: 29623060 PMCID: PMC5874313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relation between perceived stress and time perspective (views of past, present, future) in a population-based sample of older adults (65–90 years, N = 340). The Perceived Questionnaire (PSQ index) was used to measure stress and the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) was used to operationalize time perspective. Unlike the original inventory, S-ZTPI separates positive and negative aspects of a future time perspective and we hypothesized that the Future Negative (FN) scale would be important to account for variations in stress. Additionally, associations with Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism were examined, motivated by prior associations of this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with stress (or “anxiety”) related personality traits. In line with the hypotheses, FN was the strongest predictor of PSQ index scores in multiple regression analyses. In a related vein, the dichotomization of the unitary Future scale increased the association between PSQ scores and a measure of deviations from a balanced time perspective, i.e., the difference between a proposed optimal and observed ZTPI profile. Finally, higher levels of stress as well as higher scores on FN were observed in COMT Val/Val carriers, at least among men. This suggests a shared dopaminergic genetic influence on these variables. Collectively, the results demonstrate that perceived stress is closely linked to time perspective and highlight the need to take negative aspects of a future temporal orientation into account to understand this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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29
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Åström E, Seif A, Wiberg B, Carelli MG. Getting "Stuck" in the Future or the Past: Relationships between Dimensions of Time Perspective, Executive Functions, and Repetitive Negative Thinking in Anxiety. Psychopathology 2018; 51:362-370. [PMID: 30522113 DOI: 10.1159/000494882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Anxiety disorders are associated with impairments in several aspects of cognitive processing. In this study we investigated three such aspects, i.e., time perspective, repetitive negative thinking (worry and rumination), and executive functioning, in persons with anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls and examined the influence of negative past and negative future time perspective and executive functioning on worry and rumination. METHOD Thirty-six psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disorders (mean age = 30.83, SD = 11.74; 30 females and 6 males) and 44 healthy controls (mean age = 28.89, SD = 9.54; 24 females and 20 males) completed inventories of time perspective and repetitive negative thinking, and tasks measuring executive functioning (shifting and inhibition). RESULTS The groups (patient vs. control) differed significantly on all time perspective dimensions (past, present, and future), with largest effect sizes observed for negative past and negative future. Regression analyses with executive functioning, negative past, and negative future time perspectives as predictors, and worry and rumination as outcomes, showed that negative past time perspective was the best predictor for rumination, whereas negative future time perspective more strongly predicted worry. Executive functioning was not a significant predictor of either worry or rumination. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with anxiety disorders demonstrated systematic biases in all time perspective dimensions, particularly negative past and negative future time perspective, which was further related to worry and rumination. Thus, interventions targeting temporal focus may be one way of reducing repetitive negative thinking. A major limitation of this study was the use of a cross-section design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Seif
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Britt Wiberg
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Chen CJ, Sung HC, Chen YC, Wang CH. An Investigation of the Factors Related to Low Parent-Adolescent Attachment Security in Taiwan. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2018; 24:332-342. [PMID: 28891382 DOI: 10.1177/1078390317727596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence may involve increases in many behavioral problems and psychosocial maladaptation. Adolescents must successfully cope with these challenges to achieve positive developmental milestones. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether low parental attachment security among adolescents in Taiwan is associated with their demographic characteristics, psychosocial maladaptation, and depression. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. A total of 335 adolescents completed the questionnaires. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Chinese version of the Youth Self-Report, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II were used to survey the participants. Correlation and multiple linear regressions, using low attachment security as the response variable, were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of Taiwanese adolescents with low parental attachment security was 38.5%. Low parental attachment security in adolescents was significantly associated with parental remarriage status and psychosocial maladaptation. CONCLUSIONS By considering these risk factors, nursing educators and nurses could develop effective interventions to strengthen parent-adolescent attachment security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jung Chen
- 1 Chen-Jung Chen, PhD, RN, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chuan Sung
- 2 Huei-Chuan Sung, PhD, RN, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Chen
- 3 Yi-Chang Chen, OTR/L, National Taiwan University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- 4 Chih-Hung Wang, PhD, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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Calado F, Alexandre J, Griffiths MD. How coping styles, cognitive distortions, and attachment predict problem gambling among adolescents and young adults. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:648-657. [PMID: 29076355 PMCID: PMC6034964 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Recent research suggests that youth problem gambling is associated with several factors, but little is known how these factors might influence or interact each other in predicting this behavior. Consequently, this is the first study to examine the mediation effect of coping styles in the relationship between attachment to parental figures and problem gambling. Methods A total of 988 adolescents and emerging adults were recruited to participate. The first set of analyses tested the adequacy of a model comprising biological, cognitive, and family variables in predicting youth problem gambling. The second set of analyses explored the relationship between family and individual variables in problem gambling behavior. Results The results of the first set of analyses demonstrated that the individual factors of gender, cognitive distortions, and coping styles showed a significant predictive effect on youth problematic gambling, and the family factors of attachment and family structure did not reveal a significant influence on this behavior. The results of the second set of analyses demonstrated that the attachment dimension of angry distress exerted a more indirect influence on problematic gambling, through emotion-focused coping style. Discussion This study revealed that some family variables can have a more indirect effect on youth gambling behavior and provided some insights in how some factors interact in predicting problem gambling. Conclusion These findings suggest that youth gambling is a multifaceted phenomenon, and that the indirect effects of family variables are important in estimating the complex social forces that might influence adolescent decisions to gamble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Calado
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Alexandre
- Department of Psychology, ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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