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Napper LE, Kenney SR, Johnson NL, Wolter LC, Orchowski LM. College students' perceptions of positive and negative drinking-related sexual experiences. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38713853 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2338421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: During young adulthood, drinking and sexual behaviors are both normative and inextricably linked. While this association is well documented, little is known about how students define positive and negative drinking-related sexual experiences. Methods: Thirty-five undergraduates participated in a focus group about sexual experiences in the context of drinking. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify themes in the data. Results: Students' descriptions of positive drinking-related sexual encounters included having a good time, feeling safe, maintaining control over alcohol, as well as feeling safe in drinking contexts where sexual partners are located. Students' perceptions of negative experiences included specific consequences such as a damaged reputation, loss of control due to alcohol, and concern of engagement in sex when they or a partner was too intoxicated to consent. Conclusion: Gaining a better understanding of how college students view positive and negative drinking-related sexual experiences could inform interventions aimed at promoting student well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Napper
- Department of Psychology and Health, Medicine, and Society Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon R Kenney
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole L Johnson
- College of Education, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura C Wolter
- Department of Psychology and Health, Medicine, and Society Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsay M Orchowski
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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2
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Harvey AJ, White C, Madelin K, Morrison E. Impaired face symmetry detection under alcohol, but no 'beer goggles' effect. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:268-279. [PMID: 38069489 PMCID: PMC10944579 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231215592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'beer goggles' phenomenon describes sexual attraction to individuals when alcohol intoxicated whom we would not desire when sober. One possible explanation of the effect is that alcohol impairs the detection of facial asymmetry, thus lowering the drinker's threshold for physical attraction. AIMS We therefore tested the hypotheses that higher breath alcohol drinkers would award more generous ratings of attractiveness to asymmetrical faces, and be poorer at discriminating bilateral facial asymmetry than less intoxicated counterparts. METHODS Ninety-nine male and female bar patrons rated 18 individual faces for attractiveness and symmetry. Each type of rating was given twice, once per face with an enhanced asymmetry and once again for each face in its natural form. Participants then judged which of two same-face versions (one normal, the other perfectly symmetrised) was more attractive and, in the final task, more symmetrical. RESULTS Alcohol had no influence on attractiveness judgements but higher blood alcohol concentrations were associated with higher symmetry ratings. Furthermore, as predicted, heavily intoxicated individuals were less able to distinguish natural from perfectly symmetrised face versions than more sober drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Findings therefore suggest alcohol impairs face asymmetry detection, but it seems that this perceptual distortion does not contribute to the 'beer goggles' phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciara White
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Ed Morrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, UK
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3
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Yu K, Shen P, Zuo G. The Longitudinal Relationships among Casual Sex and Psychological Well-Being in Chinese College Student. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2024; 36:177-188. [PMID: 38616795 PMCID: PMC11008543 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2024.2317195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study integrates the important psychological well-being indicators (i.e., life satisfaction, psychological distress, and self-esteem) into a model framework. We used a cross-lagged panel design (CLPD) to examine the bidirectional relationship between casual sex and psychological well-being among Chinese college students. Chinese college students (N = 833) completed self-report measures (i.e., hookup behavior, life satisfaction, psychological distress, and self-esteem) at six-month intervals. The results show that the ratio of college students who reported engaging in at least one hookup experience in the past year or half a year was lower than that of Western college students. We find that college students with hookup behavior had poorer psychological well-being in later six months than those who did not engage in hookup behavior. However, previous psychological well-being did not predict subsequent hookup behavior. We discuss these findings in terms of China's unique sexual culture to provide useful information for preventing and interfering with risky sexual behaviors and their negative consequences among Chinese college students. Specifically, this study could provide students with a more in-depth understanding of associated risks, assisting those engaged in or intending to engage in hookups to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of such behavior. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of implementing targeted educational programs in China that address the psychological consequences of casual sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Law School, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Panyan Shen
- Law School, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoguo Zuo
- Law School, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
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4
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Zhao Y, Dennis JM, Houseman C. Predictors of hookup behaviors among Asian and Asian American college students in the United States. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38330383 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2311121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective: With the rapid growth in the population of Asian and Asian American college students in the United States, there is a need for research examining their participation in potentially risky sexual behaviors in order to expand understanding of this group's needs. This study focused on attachment orientation and hookup motives as predictors of hookup behaviors, which involve engaging in sexual behaviors without expectation of a long-term relationship.Methods: Participants included 169 Asian or Asian American college students ranging in age from 18 to 27 years who completed an online survey.Results: Results indicated that over half of participants reported engaging in hookup behaviors. The strongest predictors of hookup behaviors were increased age, liberal sexual attitudes, motivations to achieve excitement/sexual enhancement, and motivations to find a long-term partner. However, attachment orientations did not predict hookup behaviors. Results provide insight into a profile of Asian American college students increasingly exploring sexuality throughout young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Jessica M Dennis
- Department of Child and Family Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christinalee Houseman
- Department of Child and Family Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Kasimanickam MR, Kerr DCR, Killion RE, Naimi TS, Lira MC, Bae H. State Alcohol Policy Environments of U.S. Colleges: Predictors of Sexual Assault and Alcohol-Related Arrest and Disciplinary Action. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:1-9. [PMID: 38123257 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Binge drinking and sexual assault are serious inter-related public health problems faced by college students. State-level alcohol policy restrictiveness has been found to decrease binge drinking among college students and, therefore, may also reduce occurrences of alcohol-related criminal offenses. It was hypothesized that more restrictive state alcohol policy environments would be associated with fewer liquor law violations and sexual assault offenses on U.S. college campuses. METHODS Data were aggregated across 3 academic years (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019) and represented n=1,290 institutions. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression modeling was performed in 2022-2023 to evaluate associations of state-level young adult binge drinking and the Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) with the numbers of campus-level alcohol-related arrests, alcohol-related disciplinary actions, rape offenses, and fondling offenses reported in national Campus Safety and Security data. RESULTS Higher APS scores had direct associations with fewer alcohol-related arrests (1.79% decrease per one-unit increase in APS, p=0.05), alcohol-related disciplinary actions (2.27% decrease per one-unit increase in APS, p=0.027), and rape offenses (0.85% decrease per one-unit increase in APS, p=0.021). The associations APS scores had with disciplinary actions and rape offenses were partially and fully mediated, respectively, by state-level young adult binge drinking. No associations were found between APS and fondling offenses. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study presents evidence that more restrictive state alcohol policies are associated with fewer alcohol-related arrests and disciplinary actions, and rape offenses on college campuses. Future research should identify the alcohol policy domains that are most protective against these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C R Kerr
- College of Liberal Arts, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Timothy S Naimi
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Marlene C Lira
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA; Workit Health, Workit Labs, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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6
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Orchowski LM, Zinzow H, Thompson M, Wood S. Open pilot trial of an interactive digital application for campus sexual violence prevention. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1977-2000. [PMID: 36623242 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Digital applications, or "serious games" for health address learning goals in a cognitively active, interactive manner, with the potential for widespread dissemination. This study used a mixed methods approach to develop and conduct a formative evaluation of a digital application for sexual assault prevention. Make a change is a digital application that uses the principles of games for health to foster learning, engagement, and skill-building around risk and protective factors for sexual victimization, sexual aggression, and bystander intervention. The digital application includes four narrative chapters, six embedded activities, as well as a user-derived change plan in which individuals establish goals for behavior change following program completion. This multisite study at a 2- and a 4-year college utilized student interviews (n = 14), stakeholder interviews (n = 10), and focus groups with students (n = 40) to inform intervention development. A total of 41 college students then participated in an open trial and completed self-report surveys (pre, post, and 1-month follow-up) to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, utility, and preliminary outcomes. Most of the sample reported enjoyment, usefulness, and perceived competence after completing the application. Data evidenced a trend to reduce the frequency of heavy drinking, and perceptions of social norms evidenced change over time. Findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of this novel format for the delivery of sexual assault prevention programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, Providence, USA
| | - Heidi Zinzow
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, South Carolina, Clemson, USA
| | - Martie Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, North Carolina, Boone, USA
| | - Sharon Wood
- Happy People Games, Newtown, Connecticut, USA
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7
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Hawkins SE, DeLuca HK, Claxton SE, Baker EA. Sexual Behaviors, Satisfaction, and Intentions to Engage in Casual Sexual Relationships and Experiences in Emerging Adulthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1575-1591. [PMID: 36542273 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of sexual behavior and sexual satisfaction in casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) on both immediate and long-term intentions to engage in further CSREs in a sample of emerging adults. We examined how four different operationalizations of sexual behavior (1) Penetrative sexual behaviors not including oral sex vs. non-penetrative sexual behaviors, (2) Penetrative sexual behaviors including oral sex vs. non-penetrative sexual behaviors, (3) Most sexually intimate behaviors, and (4) A sum score of sexual behaviors) and sexual satisfaction were associated with immediate intentions to engage in CSREs (measured during a five-day daily diary) and long-term intentions to engage in CSREs (measured one month later). Follow-up analyses examined intentions to engage in additional CSREs with a different partner. Our sample (N = 274) included both college-attending and non-college-attending emerging adults. Path analysis models indicated that more sexually intimate behaviors were associated with higher sexual satisfaction following a CSRE. Additionally, sexual satisfaction, but not type of sexual behavior, was associated with both immediate and long-term intentions to engage in CSREs above and beyond the effects of sample, gender, alcohol consumption, and previous CSREs. Follow-up analyses indicated that only alcohol consumption and gender were significantly associated with immediate intentions to engage in a CSRE, and only daily diary intentions and gender were significantly associated with long-term intentions to engage in a CSRE. Overall, these findings support previous research that suggests positive outcomes of a CSRE (sexual satisfaction) are associated with higher intentions to engage in future CSREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Hawkins
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, CA, 92026, USA.
| | - Haylee K DeLuca
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, CA, 92026, USA
| | - Shannon E Claxton
- Department of Psychology, Morningside University, 1501 Morningside Ave, Sioux City, Iowa, 51106, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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8
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Kilpatrick DG, Hahn CK. Understanding and Addressing Alcohol and Sexual Violence: We Have Made Progress but Still Have Miles to Go. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24426-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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9
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Nkwonta CA, Harrison SE. HIV knowledge, risk perception, and testing behaviors among college students in South Carolina. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:274-281. [PMID: 33759714 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1891078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a critical public health challenge and disproportionately affects young adults, racial minorities, and residents of the Southern United States. This study aimed to investigate HIV knowledge, risk perception, and testing behaviors among a sample of college students in South Carolina (SC). Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 256) from a large public university in SC. Methods: Participants completed a cross-sectional survey on HIV knowledge, testing behaviors, and attitudes. Results: More than one-third of participants displayed misunderstanding about HIV transmission. Less than 20% perceived themselves to be at-risk for HIV, and only 8% reported having ever been tested for HIV. In addition, a majority of participants (83%) reported they would feel ashamed if they acquired HIV. HIV knowledge was negatively correlated with HIV testing. Conclusions: Results indicate the need for HIV education among college students in SC to clear misconceptions, minimize knowledge gaps, reduce HIV-related stigma, and promote HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie A Nkwonta
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sayward E Harrison
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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10
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Paat YF, Markham C, Mangadu T. Risky Sexual Behavior Among Mexican-Origin Emerging Adults in Los Angeles. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:781-795. [PMID: 35786317 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2089798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the empirical link between substance use, and family, school, and contextual factors relevant to emerging adulthood and Mexican-origin emerging adults' sexual risk-taking behavior using a longitudinal design that followed the respondents from adolescence to emerging adulthood (n = 520). Overall, we found that engaging in one high-risk sexual behavior was associated with higher odds of engaging in another. While alcohol and substance use was associated with higher odds of engaging in risky sexual behavior, living with parents, having at least one parent who was a college graduate, sharing a higher level of parental closeness, being more bicultural, starting college, a new school, or classes, and feeling like an adult were associated with lower odds of engaging in sexual risk-taking behavior. Contrary to the study hypothesis, a higher level of family cohesion was associated with higher odds of such behavior. Lastly, male respondents tended to have more than 3 sexual partners but were less likely to not use condoms compared with their female counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yok-Fong Paat
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Christine Markham
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thenral Mangadu
- Department of Public Health, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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11
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Griffin KW, Lindley LL, Cooper Russell E, Mudd T, Williams C, Botvin GJ. Sexual Violence and Substance Use among First-Year University Women: Differences by Sexual Minority Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10100. [PMID: 36011735 PMCID: PMC9407960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual violence and substance use are important public health problems among university students. The present study examined rates of sexual violence victimization, perpetration, and substance use among first-year university women. Participants (n = 974) attending 14 universities across the United States completed an online confidential survey at the beginning and again later in their first year. The sample included women who identified as heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian, and asexual or questioning. The mean age was 19.1 years and 71.4% were White. Rates of victimization involving sexual harassment and sexual acts without consent were higher among sexual minority women relative to heterosexual women, with bisexual women being most likely to report these outcomes. Compared to heterosexual women, sexual minority women reported more frequent cigarette smoking, marijuana use and intoxication, use of club drugs, and overall illicit drug use. Across sexual violence and substance use outcomes, bisexual women reported the highest rates. Sexual minority women reported more accurate beliefs about sexual violence and consent relative to heterosexual women. Over the course of the first year, bisexual women and those who used illicit substances were more likely to report new incidents of sexual violence victimization. Implications for prevention of sexual violence among women, including sexual minorities, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W. Griffin
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Lisa L. Lindley
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Elaine Cooper Russell
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Tori Mudd
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Christopher Williams
- National Health Promotion Associates, White Plains, NY 10604, USA
- Department of Psychology, Purchase College, State University of New York, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
| | - Gilbert J. Botvin
- National Health Promotion Associates, White Plains, NY 10604, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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12
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Reese-Weber M, Zimmerman C, Cary KM, McLeese MG. Hookup experiences and feelings of regret: The effects of gender, college context, and hookup characteristics. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1552-1562. [PMID: 32877626 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1810054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine how specific aspects of a hookup are related to feelings of regret among college students, and how these patterns vary by gender and college context. Participants: Freshmen and sophomore men (n = 92) and women (n = 283) from a Midwestern university and community college. Methods: Participants answered questions about their most recent hookup and feelings of regret. Results: Frequency of engaging in a hookup was similar across gender and college context. Men and women were more likely to regret hookups with strangers and when alcohol was involved. Women had fewer regrets when their last hookup occurred with a partner they had also hooked up with in the past than when the hookup occurred only once with that partner. University students reported more regret when the hookup occurred with a stranger, occurred only one time, and when alcohol was used, but this was not found for community college students. Conclusions: Future research should examine hookup experiences through a developmental lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Reese-Weber
- Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Corinne Zimmerman
- Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Kyla M Cary
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Molly G McLeese
- Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
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13
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Hamilton HR, Armeli S, Tennen H. Thanks for the offer: Testing drink offers as predictors of sexual activity. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35728089 PMCID: PMC9768094 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2086435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Drink offers are related to increased alcohol consumption, which is linked to sexual activity among college students. However, offers of alcohol may increase the odds of sexual activity that night independent of the amount of alcohol consumed. Participants: 540 undergraduate students were recruited for a longitudinal study of daily experiences. Method: Participants completed up to four annual waves of a measurement burst daily diary study. Using these longitudinal data, we examined whether receiving a drink offer on a given night was related to greater odds of having sex. Results: Receiving a drink offer (but not the number of drinks accepted) is related to greater odds of having sex, controlling for drinking level. Conclusions: Receiving a drink offer is uniquely related to odds of having sex when controlling for the amount of alcohol participants consumed. This may have implications for psychological functioning and relationship development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Armeli
- School of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Howard Tennen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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14
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Carretta RF, Szymanski DM. Self-Objectification and Alcohol Use in Young Adult College Women. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Hollis B, Sheehan BE, Kelley ML, Stevens L. Hookups Among U.S. College Students: Examining the Association Between Hookup Motives and Personal Affect. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1793-1798. [PMID: 35000033 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
"Hooking up" is prevalent on college campuses and is related to both positive and negative outcomes for students. The current study was an exploratory examination of hookup motives, and positive and negative affect, related to the most recent hookup experience. Participants were 256 U.S. college students who reported hooking up in the last 12 months. Students completed a 30-min anonymous online survey assessing behaviors and cognitions during their most recent hookup, including alcohol use at the time of the hookup, motives for hooking up, and post-hookup affect. The model demonstrated that gender, conformity motives, and social-relationship motives significantly and positively predicted negative affect, whereas enhancement motives negatively predicted negative affect. Coping and enhancement motives significantly and positively predicted positive affect, whereas alcohol use negatively predicted positive affect. This study was a unique examination of hookup motives, with important findings that explained large portions of variance in post-hookup affect. The overall model explained approximately 23% of the variance in negative affect and 49% of the variance in positive affect. Findings highlight that, depending on the hookup motive, hooking up can be associated with positive outcomes, such as positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Hollis
- Department of Psychology, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, 13617, USA.
| | - Brynn E Sheehan
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Healthcare Analytics and Delivery Science Institute, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Michelle L Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Leah Stevens
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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16
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Wesche R, Claxton SE, Waterman EA. Emotional Outcomes of Casual Sexual Relationships and Experiences: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:1069-1084. [PMID: 32991206 PMCID: PMC8579856 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1821163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are common and emotionally significant occurrences. Given the uncommitted, often emotionally complicated nature of CSREs, researchers have asked whether these experiences may have positive and/or negative emotional consequences. We reviewed 71 quantitative articles examining emotional outcomes of CSREs, including subjective emotional reactions (e.g., excitement, regret) and emotional health (e.g., depression, self-esteem). Overall, people evaluated their CSREs more positively than negatively. In contrast, CSREs were associated with short-term declines in emotional health in most studies examining changes in emotional health within a year of CSRE involvement. Emotional outcomes of CSREs differed across people and situations. Women and individuals with less permissive attitudes toward CSREs experienced worse emotional outcomes of CSREs. Alcohol use prior to CSREs, not being sexually satisfied, and not knowing a partner well were also associated with worse emotional outcomes. These findings suggest directions for prevention/intervention related to CSREs. For example, skill-building related to sexual decision-making may help individuals decide whether, and under what circumstances, CSREs are likely to result in positive or negative emotional outcomes. In addition, the limitations of extant research suggest directions for future inquiry (e.g., examining whether verbal and nonverbal consent practices predict emotional outcomes of CSREs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Emily A. Waterman
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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Hubach RD, Mahaffey C, Rhoads K, O'Neil AM, Ernst C, Bui LX, Hamrick J, Giano Z. Rural College Students' Amenability Toward Using At-Home Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Kits. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:583-588. [PMID: 34110751 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students residing in rural areas of the United States have limited access to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening programs; yet, have increased rates of infection. METHODS Students (N = 326), attending a state university located within a rural community, completed an online survey containing open-ended questions that gauged their perceptions and experiences with HIV/STI testing, amenability to at-home testing technology, and preferences for obtaining at-home testing kits. Inductive coding was used to create themes for each open-ended question. RESULTS Students encounter a number of perceived barriers to accessing clinical HIV/STI testing venues including cost, utilization of parents' medical insurance, and stigma. Students desired screening paradigms that allow for a greater sense of privacy and the ability to be empowered through self-sampling methods. This includes the use of at-home testing kits, which could be accessed via mail, campus, or the local community. Although students were overwhelmingly amenable to using at-home testing, students discussed concerns with potential user error that could impact testing accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest the importance of developing less clinically oriented systems of HIV/STI screening, which allow students to choose from an array of screening options. Removing perceived barriers, notably access and privacy concerns, to HIV/STI testing by leveraging at-home testing is one potential method to increase screening uptake among this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph D Hubach
- From the Sexual Health Research Lab, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Carlos Mahaffey
- Sexual Health Research Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Kelley Rhoads
- Sexual Health Research Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Andrew M O'Neil
- From the Sexual Health Research Lab, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Campbell Ernst
- From the Sexual Health Research Lab, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Lynn X Bui
- From the Sexual Health Research Lab, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Justin Hamrick
- From the Sexual Health Research Lab, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Zachary Giano
- From the Sexual Health Research Lab, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
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18
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Norris AL, Carey KB, Shepardson RL, Carey MP. Sexual Revictimization in College Women: Mediational Analyses Testing Hypothesized Mechanisms for Sexual Coercion and Sexual Assault. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:6440-6465. [PMID: 30565482 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518817778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A precollege history of sexual victimization predicts revictimization during college, making it important to understand the mechanisms underlying the victimization-to-revictimization pathway. The study aimed to test whether heavy episodic drinking and personal and peer hookup norms mediate revictimization for two types of unwanted sexual contact: sexual coercion (attempted and/or completed sexual assault by the use of verbal coercion) and sexual assault (attempted and/or completed sexual assault by the use of force, threats, or incapacitation). At college entry, 483 first-year college women completed self-report measures of their precollege experiences, including history of sexual victimization and health behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, personal and peer hookup norms). At the end of the first and second semesters, they also completed measures assessing incident sexual victimization. Nearly one half of women (48%) reported an experience of attempted or completed sexual coercion or assault prior to entering college; 33% endorsed sexual coercion and 15% endorsed sexual assault in their first year of college. Structural equation models demonstrated that heavy episodic drinking and personal and peer hookup norms partially mediated revictimization for sexual assault, but not for sexual coercion. Sexual coercion was the most common tactic leading to unwanted sexual contact in this sample. Alcohol use and personal and peer hookup norms mediated revictimization by force, threats, or incapacitation. In contrast, the hypothesized mediators did not explain the revictimization pathway for verbally coerced assaults. Given the prevalence of sexual coercion, research needs to identify risk factors for verbal coercion to guide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Norris
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Michael P Carey
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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19
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Smith LA, Kolokotroni KZ, Turner-Moore T. Making and Communicating Decisions About Sexual Consent During Drug-Involved Sex: A Thematic Synthesis. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:469-487. [PMID: 31902239 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1706072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexual consent is a central component in the primary prevention of sexual violence. There is growing evidence of the impact that alcohol consumption has on sexual consent. However, there has been no review examining sexual consent in the context of other drug-taking. Published literature was sought using searches of: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Open Dissertations. Unpublished literature, such as unpublished government or charity reports, were identified through Google search engine. All 21 eligible studies employed qualitative or mixed methods; therefore, a thematic synthesis was deemed an appropriate method of analysis. Three themes were constructed: "Drug-taking changes sexual norms", "Drug-taking diminishes the capacity to make sexual decisions" and "Drug-taking reduces verbal and non-verbal ability to communicate consent". The findings demonstrated that prevailing models of sexual consent may not account for circumstances relevant to drug-involved sex, such as how drug-taking impacts freedom and capacity to consent to sex. We propose the use of the medical model of capacity to consent as a broader framework through which capacity to consent to sex in drug-taking contexts can be assessed. The importance of both the social and situational context for sexual decision-making following drug-taking is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Smith
- Leeds School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University
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20
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Wesche R, Lefkowitz ES, Maggs JL. Short-Term Consequences of Sex: Contextual Predictors and Change Across College. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1613-1626. [PMID: 33907943 PMCID: PMC8629131 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although sexual experiences are normative by young adulthood, individuals continue to explore and develop their sexual behaviors and cognitions across the college years. Thus, perceived consequences of sexual experiences may change. Similarly, characteristics of sexual experiences such as partner type, alcohol use, and sexual behavior type predict perceived consequences, and these associations may change over time. In this study, we addressed links between characteristics of sexual experiences (casual vs. committed partner, heavy alcohol use on sex days, and kissing/touching only vs. oral/penetrative sex) and short-term perceived consequences of sexual experiences (physical satisfaction, emotional intimacy, not satisfied, guilt, not ready), using daily data collected longitudinally across seven college semesters. We also examined whether perceived consequences of sex change across college and whether within-person daily associations between sexual experience characteristics and perceived consequences of sex change across college. An ethnically and racially diverse sample of traditionally aged first year university students (N = 566; 54% female; 98% heterosexual) completed online surveys, yielding 8,838 daily reports about sexual behaviors. Multilevel models indicated that partner type, heavy alcohol use, and sexual behavior type predicted within-person differences in perceived consequences of sex. Interactions between characteristics of sexual experiences and college semester indicated that differences in perceived consequences of sexual experiences with casual versus committed partners lessened over time. The likelihood of reporting physical satisfaction and guilt after only kissing/touching (but not oral/penetrative sex) decreased across college semesters. Findings inform understanding of normative sexual development by demonstrating that perceived consequences and their predictors change across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 313 Wallace Hall (0416), 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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21
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Wade TJ, Fisher ML, Salmon C, Downs C. Want to Hookup?: Sex Differences in Short-term Mate Attraction Tactics. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Ray CM, Tyler KA, Gordon Simons L. Risk Factors for Forced, Incapacitated, and Coercive Sexual Victimization Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Male and Female College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2241-2261. [PMID: 29502503 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518758332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although college students are at high risk for sexual victimization, the majority of research has focused on heterosexual students and often does not differentiate by victimization type. Thus, little is known about prevalence rates and risk factors for sexual victimization among sexual minority college students and whether the interaction between gender and sexual orientation differs by victimization type. To address these gaps, we examine whether risk factors for three types of sexual victimization (i.e., forced, incapacitated, and coerced) differ by gender (n = 681 males; n = 732 females) and sexual orientation (n = 1,294 heterosexual; n = 119 sexual minority) and whether the intersection of gender and sexual orientation is correlated with these three types of sexual victimization among 1,413 college students. Prevalence rate results revealed significant differences between gender and sexual orientation: Sexual minority females had the highest rates of coerced sexual victimization (58%), and their mean was significantly different from the other three groups (i.e., heterosexual females, heterosexual males, and sexual minority males). For both forced and incapacitated sexual victimization, heterosexual males had significantly lower means than the other three groups. Logistic regression results revealed that child sexual abuse increased the odds of experiencing both forced and coerced sexual victimization for both heterosexual and sexual minority students, whereas increased rates of risky sexual behavior were associated with forced and incapacitated sexual victimization but only for heterosexuals. Finally, heavy drinking increased the odds of experiencing incapacitated sexual victimization for both heterosexuals and sexual minorities.
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23
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Thorpe S, Tanner AE, Kugler KC, Chambers BD, Ma A, Jenkins Hall W, Ware S, Milroy JJ, Wyrick DL. First-year college students' alcohol and hookup behaviours: sexual scripting and implications for sexual health promotion. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2021; 23:68-84. [PMID: 31805826 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1688868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study used a sexual scripting framework to analyse data from the Online College Social Life Survey to examine the role of individual, (e.g. gender, race and alcohol use), relational (partner type, condom use behaviours), and contextual factors (sex ratios and fraternity/sorority affiliation) influencing 4,292 first-year college students' hookup experiences. Results suggest that hookups are relatively "safe", with the the majority involving non-penetrative sexual behaviour, condom use, and familiar partners. However, alcohol use affected hookup behaviours and lower levels of condom use were associated with heavy alcohol use, even with less well known partners. Findings point to the importance of interventions that reinforce first-year students' positive behaviours and present them with protective behavioural strategies to use in the context of alcohol, and with repeat or well-known partners to reduce risk and have enjoyable, consensual sexual experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemeka Thorpe
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Amanda E Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kari C Kugler
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Brittany D Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Ma
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | | | - Samuella Ware
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Milroy
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - David L Wyrick
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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24
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Yu K, Zheng Y. Sexting and emotional reactions to hooking up among Chinese college students: Moderated mediation effects of loneliness and number of hookup partners. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Jaffe AE, Blayney JA, Lewis MA, Kaysen D. Prospective Risk for Incapacitated Rape Among Sexual Minority Women: Hookups and Drinking. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:922-932. [PMID: 31556751 PMCID: PMC7096255 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1661949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority women (SMW), including lesbian and bisexual women, are at greater risk for heavy drinking and sexual victimization than heterosexual women. Risk factors for alcohol-related sexual victimization, such as incapacitated rape (IR), include frequent heavy drinking and hookups among heterosexual women, but it is less clear whether these risk factors extend to SMW. This current study was designed to address this gap. In a national sample of SMW (N = 1,057), logistic regressions were used to test whether heavy drinking and hookups in the first year of the study were risk factors for IR during the second year. After controlling for history of prior sexual victimization, subsequent IR was predicted by an interaction between heavy drinking and the number of male hookup partners. Specifically, more frequent heavy drinking was associated with increased risk for subsequent IR, but only among SMW who reported more than one male hookup partner, indicating exposure to more potential perpetrators. When examined separately, this finding held for bisexual women, but was not significant for lesbian women, likely because they reported fewer male hookup partners. Overall, findings from this longitudinal study highlight that in combination, heavy drinking and hookups with multiple men elevate risk for IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Jessica A Blayney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
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26
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Hone LSE, Testa M, Wang W. Sociosexuality and Sex With New Partners: Indirect Effects Via Drinking at Parties and Bars. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:624-630. [PMID: 33028475 PMCID: PMC8076485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners (i.e., unrestricted sociosexuality) may encourage individuals to seek out contexts that facilitate casual sex. We tested a model in which the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners were mediated via drinking in specific contexts. We hypothesized that drinking at parties and bars, which are known to facilitate casual sex (but not drinking at home), would contribute to sex with new (but not with previous) partners. METHOD Participants were 427 male freshmen from a large, public northeastern university. They completed a baseline survey in their first semester followed by 56 days of daily reports on drinking and sexual activity during their second semester. RESULTS As predicted, sociosexuality measured at baseline positively predicted occasions of sex with a new partner, but not sex with a previous partner. In support of the model, effects were partially mediated by frequency of drinking at parties and bars across the 56-day reporting period, but not by drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Previous research has demonstrated associations among sociosexuality, drinking, and casual sex. Our study is unique in suggesting that drinking in specific contexts--that is, drinking at parties and bars, but not drinking at home--partially mediates the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners. This pathway suggests that men with a desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners seek out drinking contexts as a way of facilitating these encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S. E. Hone
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weijun Wang
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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27
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Hone LSE, Testa M, Wang W. Sociosexuality and Sex With New Partners: Indirect Effects Via Drinking at Parties and Bars. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:624-630. [PMID: 33028475 PMCID: PMC8076485 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners (i.e., unrestricted sociosexuality) may encourage individuals to seek out contexts that facilitate casual sex. We tested a model in which the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners were mediated via drinking in specific contexts. We hypothesized that drinking at parties and bars, which are known to facilitate casual sex (but not drinking at home), would contribute to sex with new (but not with previous) partners. METHOD Participants were 427 male freshmen from a large, public northeastern university. They completed a baseline survey in their first semester followed by 56 days of daily reports on drinking and sexual activity during their second semester. RESULTS As predicted, sociosexuality measured at baseline positively predicted occasions of sex with a new partner, but not sex with a previous partner. In support of the model, effects were partially mediated by frequency of drinking at parties and bars across the 56-day reporting period, but not by drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Previous research has demonstrated associations among sociosexuality, drinking, and casual sex. Our study is unique in suggesting that drinking in specific contexts--that is, drinking at parties and bars, but not drinking at home--partially mediates the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners. This pathway suggests that men with a desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners seek out drinking contexts as a way of facilitating these encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S. E. Hone
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weijun Wang
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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28
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Sexual Risk Factors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Intention Among At-Risk College Students Who Have Never Been Tested. Sex Transm Dis 2020; 46:e76-e79. [PMID: 31192890 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Survey data from a university in the southeast United States were used to estimate the relation between sexual risk factors, perceived susceptibility, and human immunodeficiency virus testing intention among sexually active college students who had never been tested. Sexual risk factors, but not knowledge, were indirectly related to increased human immunodeficiency virus testing intention through perceived susceptibility.
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29
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Rudolph K, Littleton H, Schoemann A. Patterns of Sexual Risk Behaviors among College Women: A Latent Profile Analysis. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 46:403-418. [PMID: 32290792 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1748777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual risk behavior is common among college women, but little work has identified risk patterns or correlates. The current study utilized latent profile analysis to identify sexual risk patterns among 1,534 college women. Results supported four classes: low sexual risk (68.2%), moderate sexual risk: party hookups (11.0%), moderate sexual risk: risky partners (17.6%), and high sexual risk (3.1%). Membership in the moderate and high-risk classes were associated with coping motives, drinking, and risky peer norms, while membership in the low risk class was associated with sexual satisfaction and low peer approval of risky sex. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Heather Littleton
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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30
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Testa M, Livingston JA, Wang W, Lewis MA. Preventing College Sexual Victimization by Reducing Hookups: a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Personalized Normative Feedback Intervention. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 21:388-397. [PMID: 32060880 PMCID: PMC7058500 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sexual activity, including hooking up, increases college women's vulnerability to sexual victimization. Reducing hookups may reduce rates of sexual victimization among this vulnerable population. Because college students overestimate how frequently their peers hook up, correcting their misperceptions may lead to more accurate perceived social norms, and consequently, less hookup behavior. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of a brief, computer-administered personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention regarding hookups during the first semester of college. We tested an indirect effects model in which PNF was hypothesized to predict perceiving fewer peer hookups, which were expected to predict fewer actual hookups and consequently, less sexual victimization during the first semester of college. Entering first-year women (N = 760) were randomly assigned to receive web-delivered PNF or no information. At the end of the semester, perceived number of hookups of others, number of hookups during the semester, and sexual victimization experiences were assessed. Women who received the intervention perceived that their peers engaged in significantly fewer hookups than did control women. Consistent with the proposed indirect effects model, intervention had a significant indirect effect on the odds of first-semester victimization via lower perceived descriptive norms, which in turn predicted fewer hookups. The study provides proof of concept for the importance of hookups as a risk factor for sexual victimization and provides novel, preliminary support for intervention to change descriptive norms as a way of reducing hookups and consequently, sexual vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA.
| | | | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA
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31
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Winkeljohn Black S, Owen J, Soler N, Fincham F. Understanding Relations Among Drinking and Hookup Motives, Consequences, and Depressive Symptoms in College Students. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2020; 49:43-54. [PMID: 32779984 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920929333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this longitudinal study (N = 98), we examined whether drinking for suppression reasons moderated the relation between depressive symptoms and hooking up for self-affirmation reasons and negative hookup consequences. No moderation was found for hooking up for self-affirmation reasons, but the effect for negative hookup consequences approached significance. When drinking for suppression reasons is low, participants with fewer depressive symptoms reported more negative consequences, and participants with more depressive symptoms reported fewer negative consequences 2 months later. Results are discussed within the context of sex education and mental health programming for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Winkeljohn Black
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jesse Owen
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, United States
| | - Nehemiah Soler
- Chesnut Hill College, New Castle, Delaware, United States
| | - Frank Fincham
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, United States
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32
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Anders KM, Goodcase E, Yazedjian A, Toews ML. "Sex is Easier to Get and Love is Harder to Find": Costs and Rewards of Hooking Up Among First-Year College Students. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:247-259. [PMID: 31553243 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1667946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Guided by social exchange theory, we utilized thematic analysis to qualitatively identify themes related to the rewards and costs of hooking up from six focus groups of first-year students (N = 38). We then identified themes within their perceptions of alternatives to hooking up (i.e., alternatives) and expectations of what one desires in a hook up (i.e., comparisons). Overall, we found multiple reward-related themes of having fun, fulfilling sexual desires, gaining a sense of status or accomplishment, and the potential to develop a relationship. Cost themes included regrets/mistake, ambiguity, increased sexual risk, and loss of respect. Comparison and alternative levels focused on relationship standard, attractiveness standard, social script standard, romantic relationships, and friends with benefits. Gender differences and participants' perceptions of the college environment were also explored throughout each theme. Implications for college sexual education programs and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Anders
- School of Family Studies and Human Services, Kansas State University
| | - Eric Goodcase
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Alabama
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33
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Knowles A, Rinehart JK, Steinberg L, Frick PJ, Cauffman E. Risky Sexual Behavior among Arrested Adolescent Males: The Role of Future Expectations and Impulse Control. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 2:562-579. [PMID: 30983069 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluates two predictors of adolescent sexual risk-taking, specifically whether impulse control or future expectations predict condom use and casual sex. We examine whether risky sex occurs among youth who tend to act without thinking about the future, or instead, youth who report low future expectations. We consider these relations longitudinally among a sample of sexually active justice-involved adolescent males (N = 752, M age = 15.58) a group at heightened risk for sexual risk-taking. We found that optimistic expectations for the future predict a higher likelihood of engaging in consistent condom use, whereas high impulse control is related to a lower likelihood of casual sex. Implications for intervention and research on positive sexual health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul J Frick
- Louisiana State University System
- Australian Catholic University
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Longo LM, Ertl MM, Pazienza R, Agiliga AU, Dillon FR, Martin JL. Associations among Negative Urgency, Sensation Seeking, Alcohol Use, Self-Esteem, and Casual Sexual Behavior for College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:796-805. [PMID: 31876218 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1703748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study proposed a moderated mediation model of relations among negative urgency, sensation seeking, alcohol use, self-esteem, and casual sexual behavior among college students. We hypothesized students' alcohol use would mediate a positive relation between two facets of impulsivity, negative urgency and sensation seeking, with casual sexual behavior. We also examined the influence of self-esteem on alcohol use and casual sexual behavior to determine if self-esteem may serve as a point of intervention. We hypothesized that self-esteem might moderate the relation between casual sexual behavior and alcohol use, such that students who report high alcohol use in addition to low self-esteem would engage in more casual sexual behavior than individuals who report relatively higher levels of self-esteem. Methods: Data were collected in 2015 from 413 undergraduate students at a large Northeastern public university. Structural equation modeling tested the moderated mediation model. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, the theorized model demonstrated an inadequate fit to the data when self-esteem was included. A second structural model was calculated to test alcohol use as a mediator of associations between negative urgency and sensation seeking, and casual sexual behavior. As hypothesized, students' alcohol use was found to be a mediator of the positive associations between negative urgency and casual sexual behavior and sensation seeking and casual sexual behavior. Conclusions: Findings suggest that alcohol use, negative urgency, and sensation seeking may serve as points of intervention to address casual sexual behavior, as appropriate, among college student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Longo
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Melissa M Ertl
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Rena Pazienza
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra U Agiliga
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Frank R Dillon
- Department of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jessica L Martin
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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No strings attached? How attachment orientation relates to the varieties of casual sexual relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hall WJ, Erausquin JT, Nichols TR, Tanner AE, Brown-Jeffy S. Relationship intentions, race, and gender: Student differences in condom use during hookups involving vaginal sex. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:733-742. [PMID: 30265847 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1506788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the relationship between race, gender, and pre-hookup relationship intentions and college students' participation in condomless vaginal sex. Participants: 3,315 Black and White college students who participated in the Online College Social Life Survey (OCSLS). Methods: Secondary data analysis of the OCSLS using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The model revealed that students who did not want a relationship with their hookup partners and students unsure of their relationship intentions were more likely to use condoms during their last vaginal hookup. Further, White and Female students were less likely to have used condoms during their last vaginal hookup.Conclusions: White and female students, as well as students desiring romantic relationships with hookup partners may be at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to decreased condom use. However, more research is needed to explore the factors driving STI disparities facing Black students despite higher condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Toller Erausquin
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tracy R Nichols
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda E Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shelly Brown-Jeffy
- Department of Sociology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Pham JM. Institutional, Subcultural, and Individual Determinants of Same-Sex Sexual Contact Among College Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:1031-1044. [PMID: 31042057 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1607239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the collegiate hookup literature identifies the prevalence and conditions under which women engage in same-sex sexual behaviors, less is understood about the macro- and mesolevel features of universities predictive of women's engagement in these behaviors. How do predictors of same-sex contact differ for women who report engagement in nongenital versus genital sexual acts? Using the Online College Social Life Survey (OCSLS), this study examined 5,069 women from 21 U.S. colleges and universities who reported at least one same-sex encounter in their lifetime to empirically evaluate how same-sex sexual histories are predicted by university structure and membership in student subcultures. Results find subcultural participation to have a regulative effect on what types of sexual behaviors women engaged in with other women. While Greek-affiliated women were significantly more likely to have engaged in solely nongenital sexual behavior, women in team-based athletics were more likely to report a genital sexual history with women. This study's focus on women's sexual behaviors as opposed to sexual identity affirms the influence of institutional contexts, subcultural dynamics, and their variability across U.S. campuses in producing the conditions and opportunities for varied forms of sexual interactions among college women.
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Garcia TA, Litt DM, Davis KC, Norris J, Kaysen D, Lewis MA. Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1872. [PMID: 31551844 PMCID: PMC6736570 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol’s involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY, United States
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Kelly Cue Davis
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jeanette Norris
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Testa M, Brown WC, Wang W. Do Men Use More Sexually Aggressive Tactics When Intoxicated? A Within-Person Examination of Naturally Occurring Episodes of Sex. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2019; 9:546-554. [PMID: 32999754 PMCID: PMC7523876 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men's alcohol use has been linked to sexual assault perpetration. Yet, it is unknown whether within naturally-occurring sexual encounters men use more sexually aggressive tactics when they are intoxicated. The present study considered whether college men's perceived intoxication at the time of sex increased their self-reported use of verbal persuasion, physical force, and encouraged intoxication of partner as tactics to convince a woman to have sex. METHOD As part of a 56-day daily report study, 298 college freshman males reported 1,832 episodes of sexual activity with female partners. Using multilevel modeling, we considered the within-person effects of subjective intoxication, sexual precedence (new versus previous partner), and perceived partner sexual interest on male use of sexually aggressive strategies within each sexual encounter. We also considered whether the impact of event-specific intoxication was moderated by individual differences in hostility toward women, delinquency, and impersonal sex. RESULTS Greater subjective intoxication at the time of sex predicted greater use of verbal persuasion and encouraging intoxication of partner. Although intoxication did not predict physical force directly, there were indirect effects via greater verbal persuasion and encouraging partner intoxication. Event-specific intoxication did not interact with any of the individual difference variables and only hostility toward women contributed positively to use of event-specific sexually aggression. CONCLUSIONS Men's intoxication at the time of sexual activity increases their use of sexually aggressive strategies within naturally-occurring sexual encounters. Findings help to explain the robust relationship between alcohol use and sexual assault found in college populations.
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Wilhite ER, Fromme K. Swiping right: Alcohol, online dating, and sexual hookups in postcollege women. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:552-560. [PMID: 31368722 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of online dating has created a cultural shift in how emerging adults approach dating. The present study examined retrospective and event-level associations between alcohol, online dating, and sexual hookups among a sample of single, postcollege women. Participants completed baseline and 24 electronic daily diary surveys on alcohol use, sexual behavior, and method for meeting their sexual partners. We examined the influence of alcohol on sexual hookups, and how method of meeting a partner, and location prior to the hookup influenced level of intoxication during a sexual hookup. There was a within-person effect of alcohol on likelihood of engaging in a sexual hookup whereby hookups were more likely on days when women reported higher levels of intoxication relative to their average drinking. Spending time at bar/party prior to a sexual hookup was associated with higher levels of intoxication prior to a sexual hookup relative to being at other locations. Measured in the daily diary surveys, meeting a sexual hookup partner online was associated with lower levels of intoxication during the hookup relative to when meeting at bars/parties, even when including location just prior to the hookup in the model. The baseline retrospective analyses also indicated that meeting a partner online was associated with drinking less frequently before a sexual hookup relative to meeting a partner at a bar/party. Interventions to address alcohol use, method for meeting a partner, and location prior to hookups could be effective in decreasing potential negative consequences of alcohol-related sexual behavior in emerging adult women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Testa M, Livingston JA, Wang W. Dangerous Liaisons: The Role of Hookups and Heavy Episodic Drinking in College Sexual Victimization. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:492-507. [PMID: 31171730 PMCID: PMC6557280 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (HED) and hookups increase college women's vulnerability to sexual victimization. We examined whether the effect of HED on first year college sexual victimization severity was mediated via hookups, that is, casual sexual encounters between individuals not in a relationship. We also tested the hypothesis that greater sexual limit-setting would attenuate the positive effect of hookups on sexual victimization. Freshman women (N = 335) were recruited by e-mail to complete an online survey regarding their college drinking and sexual experiences. The effect of HED frequency on sexual victimization was completely mediated via hookups. There was a significant indirect path from HED to victimization via alcohol-involved hookups; the path through sober hookups was not significant. We found some support for the hypothesis that sexual limit-setting reduced the impact of hookups on sexual victimization severity. Findings suggest the importance of targeting sexual behavior, which frequently occurs in conjunction with drinking, as a way of preventing college sexual victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Weijun Wang
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Noel NE, Ogle RL, Maisto SA, Jackson LA, Loomis RB, Heaton JA. Women's Drinking Decisions in Heterosocial Situations: Development and Validation of Scenarios to Assess Influence of Attraction and Risk-Awareness. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:1907-1929. [PMID: 27413090 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516658754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
These three related studies created a set of ecologically valid scenarios for assessing relative associations of both attraction and sexual coercion risk-recognition in college women's heterosocial situational drinking decisions. The first study constructed nine scenarios using input from heterosexual drinking women in the age cohort (18-30) most likely to experience alcohol-related sexual coercion. In the second study, 50 female undergraduates (ages 18-25) assessed the salience of three important dimensions (attraction, risk, and realism) in these scenarios. The third study was a factor analysis (and a follow-up confirmatory factor analysis) of the elements of coercion-risk as perceived by the target group with two female samples recruited 1 year apart (Sample 1: N = 157, ages 18-29); Sample 2: N = 157, ages 18-30). Results confirmed that the scenarios could be a useful vehicle for assessing how women balance out risk and attraction to make in-the moment heterosocial drinking decisions. The factor analysis showed participants perceived two types of situations, based on whether the male character was "Familiar" or "Just Met" and perceived themselves as happier and more excited with Familiar males. However, in contrast to HIV risk studies, Familiar males were perceived as higher risk for unwanted sex. Future research will use the six scenarios that emerged from the factor analysis to study how attraction and risk perception differentially affect young adult women's social drinking decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Noel
- 1 University of North Carolina Wilmington, NC, USA
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James TG, Ryan SJ. HIV knowledge mediates the relationship between HIV testing history and stigma in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:561-569. [PMID: 29405896 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1432623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-related stigma is one of the strongest barriers to prevention and treatment. HIV prevalence in U.S. college students is estimated around 0.02%, but is thought to be drastically underreported. We examined the influence of HIV knowledge on the relationship between HIV testing history and stigma in college students. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of 2343 students, over the age of 18, attending a large university in the southeastern United States completed the survey in January 2016. METHODS A mediation model was constructed in regression framework to explore the relationship between HIV testing history, knowledge, and stigma. RESULTS HIV testing history was associated with higher knowledge scores (a path: B = 4.08, p < .001) and higher knowledge scores were associated with lower stigma (b path: B = .01, p < .001). These results suggest that HIV knowledge partially mediates the relation between HIV testing history and stigma in college students. CONCLUSIONS HIV testing history may decrease stigma by increasing knowledge. Results can be used to inform college health promotion practice on developing programs and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G James
- a Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation Lab, Department of Geography , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
- b Emerging Pathogens Institute , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
- c Department of Health Education and Behavior , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Sadie J Ryan
- a Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation Lab, Department of Geography , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
- b Emerging Pathogens Institute , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
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Vasilenko SA, Linden-Carmichael A, Lanza ST, Patrick ME. Sexual Behavior and Heavy Episodic Drinking Across the Transition to Adulthood: Differences by College Attendance. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2018; 28:473-487. [PMID: 29027304 PMCID: PMC5899061 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing literature on college students' sexual behaviors, little is known about how sexual behaviors, and their associations with alcohol, differ for college and noncollege attenders, and whether these patterns represent changes during college or an extension of pre-college behaviors. This paper applied time-varying effect models to data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine (1) prevalence of four sexual behaviors from ages 14 to 24 and (2) how their association with frequent heavy episodic drinking varied across these ages for college and noncollege attenders. Nonattenders have higher prevalence of all sexual behaviors than college attenders across most ages; however, the association between heavy episodic drinking and sexual behaviors is stronger for college attenders during ages 18-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Ashley Linden-Carmichael
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Stephanie T. Lanza
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Netting NS, Reynolds MK. Thirty years of sexual behaviour at a Canadian university: Romantic relationships, hooking up, and sexual choices. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Every 10 years from 1980 to 2010, students in a British Columbia university were surveyed about age of sexual initiation, number of partners, and degree of emotional intimacy within their partnerships. Between 1980 and 1990, the socially acceptable prerequisite for premarital sex appeared to shift from the promise of marriage to mutual love. This change was demonstrated by a fall in the virginity rate among unmarried females, and the rise of monogamous romantic relationships for males. From 1980 through 2010, men reported more sexual partners than did women, with a smaller, though rising, proportion of serious relationships. Since 1990, never-married students were classified into three sexual behavioural groups: monogamists (about 55%), abstainers (30%), and multi-partnered “experimenters” (20% of men throughout each decade, and 7.6% of women in 1990–2000, rising to 14.4% in 2010). Experimenters generally reported concurrent partners, most of them casual. Since 1980, most sexually active students have experienced both romantic relationships and casual sexual partnerships, yet since at least 1990, the majority have been primarily monogamous. This article traces the changes and continuities in romantic relationships, casual sex, and sexual behavioural groups over 30 years, concluding that contrary to the claims of popular media and some academics, casual sex (“hookup culture”) has not replaced romantic relationships as the most common form of student sexual behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S. Netting
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC
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Adeniyi OV, Ajayi AI, Moyaki MG, Goon DT, Avramovic G, Lambert J. High rate of unplanned pregnancy in the context of integrated family planning and HIV care services in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:140. [PMID: 29482587 PMCID: PMC5828463 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integration of family planning services into HIV care was implemented in South Africa as a core strategy aimed at reducing unintended pregnancies among childbearing women living with HIV. However, it is unclear whether this strategy has made any significant impact at the population level. This paper describes the prevalence and correlates of self-reported unplanned pregnancy among HIV-infected parturient women attending three large maternity centres in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. We also compare unplanned pregnancy rates between HIV-infected parturient women already in care (who have benefitted from services' integration) and newly diagnosed parturient women (who have not benefitted from services' integration). METHODS Drawing from the baseline data of the East London Prospective Cohort Study (ELPCS), data of 594 parturient women living with HIV in the Eastern Cape were included. Chi-square statistics and binary logistics regression were employed to determine the correlates of unplanned pregnancy among the cohort. RESULTS The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 71% (n = 422) with a higher rate among parturient women newly diagnosed during the index pregnancy (87%). Unplanned pregnancy was significantly associated with younger age, single status, HIV diagnosis at booking, high parity and previous abortion. Women who reported unplanned pregnancy were more likely to book late and have lower CD4 counts. After adjusting for confounding variables, having one child and five to seven children (AOR = 2.2; CI = 1.3-3.1), age less than 21 years (AOR = 3.3; CI = 1.1-9.8), late booking after 27 weeks (AOR = 2.7; CI = 1.5-5.0), not married (AOR = 4.3; CI = 2.7-6.8) and HIV diagnosis at booking (AOR = 3.0; CI = 1.6-5.8) were the significant correlates of unplanned pregnancy in the cohort. CONCLUSION Unplanned pregnancy remains high overall among parturient women living with HIV in the region, however, with significant reduction among those who were exposed to integrated services. The study confirms that integration of HIV care and family planning services is an important strategy to reduce unplanned pregnancy among women living with HIV. The study's findings have significant implications for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa. Innovative interventions are needed to further consolidate and maximise the benefit of the integration of family planning services with HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
- Department of Family Medicine and Rural Health, Walter Sisulu University, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital/East London Hospital Complex, East London, South Africa
| | - Anthony Idowu Ajayi
- Department of Sociology, University of Fort Hare, 50, Church Street, East London, South Africa
| | | | - Daniel Ter Goon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa
| | - Gordana Avramovic
- University College Dublin/Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Catherine McAuley Education & Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Lambert
- University College Dublin/Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Catherine McAuley Education & Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Reid A, Dundes L. Bystander Programs: Accommodating or Derailing Sexism? Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 7:65. [PMID: 29299348 PMCID: PMC5746674 DOI: 10.3390/bs7040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bystander programs implemented to meet federal requirements to reduce sexual assaults on college campuses in the United States must include primary prevention. Survey data (n = 280) and interview data (n = 20) presented in this paper explore students’ hypothetical and actual willingness to intervene as bystanders. Although most students surveyed (57%) claim they would be very likely to intervene, fewer than half would be very suspicious of someone leading away an intoxicated individual at a party (45% of women and 28% of men: p < 0.01). Interview data reveal how students perceive risk factors at college parties and what types of bystander measures they attempt, including “distractions”, a nonconfrontational tactic in which bystanders avoid more direct but socially risky interventions. Subsumed in many current bystander programs is an invisible element of valorizing harmony. Condoning bystanders’ unwillingness to directly confront seemingly predatory individuals could make change seem out of reach and could also embolden offenders whose behavior is observed and only temporarily thwarted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Reid
- Department of Campus Safety, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157, USA;
| | - Lauren Dundes
- Department of Sociology, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
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Kilwein TM, Looby A. Predicting risky sexual behaviors among college student drinkers as a function of event-level drinking motives and alcohol use. Addict Behav 2018; 76:100-105. [PMID: 28777973 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky sexual behaviors (e.g., sex without protection against pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections, sexual coercion, sex with unknown partners) are common among college students. To effectively decrease these behaviors, it is necessary to further understand factors associated with their occurrence. Drinking motives are a known predictor of both alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences, which may theoretically include risky sex. This study aimed to understand how drinking motivation interacts with alcohol use to predict risky sexual behaviors among college student drinkers. METHODS One-hundred and eight primarily female (83.3%) college students (age: M=19.09, SD=1.16) who endorsed past-month alcohol use and lifetime history of sexual activity completed up to four weekly Internet surveys assessing daily quantity of alcohol use, drinking motives (i.e., social, enhancement, coping, conformity), and engagement in risky sexual behavior. From 403 reported drinking episodes, four Generalized Estimating Equations were used to predict risky sex from person-centered drinking quantity and drinking motives. RESULTS Strong social motives significantly increased the odds of engaging in risky sexual behaviors (p=0.004). Additionally, there was a significant interaction, such that the relationship between risky sex and drinking depends on enhancement motives (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting social and enhancement motives for drinking may be particularly effective in reducing the occurrence of risky sexual behaviors among college students, which may result in a reduction of the negative physical and psychological health outcomes accompanying these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess M Kilwein
- University of Wyoming, Department of Psychology, 1000 E. University Ave., Dept. 3415, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.
| | - Alison Looby
- University of Wyoming, Department of Psychology, 1000 E. University Ave., Dept. 3415, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
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Dating across and hooking 'up': Status and relationship formation at an elite liberal arts university. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2017.37.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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