1
|
Ehman AC, Gross AM. Keyboard coercion: Online and face-to-face sexual aggression in a college sample. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1480-1489. [PMID: 35658095 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2081509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This work sought to assess relationships between sexually aggressive behavior occurring through the use of technology and social media, perceived social norms of sexually aggressive behavior, and face-to-face sexual aggression and coercion. Participants: Participants were 663 undergraduate students (73.1% Female). Methods: Participants completed measures assessing perceived social norms of sexually aggressive strategies, personal sexual strategies used, alcohol use, cyberbullying, sexual victimization, personal wellbeing, and socially desirable responding. Results: Thirty percent of participants reported engaging in some form of sexually aggressive behavior offline; 15.6% endorsed engaging in sexual cyberbullying. However, 100% of participants endorsed the belief that their peers were engaging in some form of sexually aggressive behavior either online or offline. Conditional process modeling revealed a significant indirect effect of perceived social norms of sexually aggressive behavior on face-to-face sexual aggression via sexual cyberbullying (b = .0015, p < .001, 95% CI [.0030, .0110]), indicating mediation. Conclusions: The present work highlights the importance of further research in the domain of sexual cyberbullying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan M Gross
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Zhou J, McManus S, Stewart R, Roberts A. Social media users' attitudes toward cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with gender and verification status. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1395668. [PMID: 38939225 PMCID: PMC11210603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1395668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social media platforms such as Twitter and Weibo facilitate both positive and negative communication, including cyberbullying. Empirical evidence has revealed that cyberbullying increases when public crises occur, that such behavior is gendered, and that social media user account verification may deter it. However, the association of gender and verification status with cyberbullying is underexplored. This study aims to address this gap by examining how Weibo users' gender, verification status, and expression of affect and anger in posts influence cyberbullying attitudes. Specifically, it investigates how these factors differ between posts pro- and anti-cyberbullying of COVID-19 cases during the pandemic. Methods This study utilized social role theory, the Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model, and general strain theory as theoretical frameworks. We applied text classification techniques to identify pro-cyberbullying and anti-cyberbullying posts on Weibo. Subsequently, we used a standardized mean difference method to compare the emotional content of these posts. Our analysis focused on the prevalence of affective and anger-related expressions, particularly examining variations across gender and verification status of the users. Results Our text classification identified distinct pro-cyberbullying and anti-cyberbullying posts. The standardized mean difference analysis revealed that pro-cyberbullying posts contained significantly more emotional content compared to anti-cyberbullying posts. Further, within the pro-cyberbullying category, posts by verified female users exhibited a higher frequency of anger-related words than those by other users. Discussion The findings from this study can enhance researchers' algorithms for identifying cyberbullying attitudes, refine the characterization of cyberbullying behavior using real-world social media data through the integration of the mentioned theories, and help government bodies improve their cyberbullying monitoring especially in the context of public health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Zhou
- Division of Health Science, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sally McManus
- Violence and Society Centre, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Roberts
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramos Salazar L, Weiss A, Yarbrough JW, Sell K. The effects of COVID-19 risk, gender, and self-compassion on the workplace cyberbullying and job satisfaction of university faculty. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38588672 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2339252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine workplace cyberbullying (WPCB) in higher education. Specifically, the study examines the relationship between WPCB and several important factors such as self-compassion, job satisfaction, and gender. The cross-sectional study administered a survey to a convenience sample of 179 faculty members. The regression model showed that self-compassion was positively related to job satisfaction, whereas WPCB was negatively related to job satisfaction after controlling for covariates. The path analysis model results showed that gender and COVID-19 risk of severe illness were related to WPCB. Additionally, self-compassion mediated the inverse relationship between WPCB and job satisfaction.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang N, Zhang S, Mu Y, Yu Y, Riem MME, Guo J. Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Increase or Decrease the Global Cyberbullying Behaviors? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1018-1035. [PMID: 37177992 PMCID: PMC10185480 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231171185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although cyberbullying is an emerging public health problem, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic affects cyberbullying. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cyberbullying, to estimate the global cyberbullying prevalence and to explore factors related to cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched the Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Eric, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, Chinese CNKI, and EBSCO databases to identify relevant empirical studies published between 2019 and 2022. A total of 36 studies were included. Quality assessment, meta-analyses, and subgroup analyses were conducted. The pooled prevalences were 16% for overall cyberbullying, 18% for victimization and 11% for perpetration during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic. The pooled prevalence of postpandemic cyberbullying perpetration is lower in children than in adults. In addition, both virus- and lockdown-related stressors were the main factors contributing to cyberbullying. The COVID-19 crisis may reduce cyberbullying, and the pooled prevalence of cyberbullying during the pandemic in adults is higher than in children and adolescents. In addition, the transient-enduring factor model of postpandemic cyberbullying built in this review could help identify people at high risk of cyberbullying during public health emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yakun Mu
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yebo Yu
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Madelon M. E. Riem
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud
University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Jing Guo
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo L, Xu L, Yang Q. Perceived COVID-19 stress and online aggression among Chinese first-year college students: a moderated mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1221379. [PMID: 37547220 PMCID: PMC10400766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1221379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Few studies have explored factors that may account for potential mechanisms between perceived coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stress and online aggression. The current study examined a moderated mediation model with anxiety as a mediator and perceived anonymity as a moderator. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. 3,069 participants across China completed scales assessing perceived COVID-19 stress, anxiety, online aggression, and perceived anonymity. Results Perceived COVID-19 stress was positively related to online aggression. The association between perceived COVID-19 stress and online aggression was mediated by anxiety. Besides, the relationship between perceived COVID-19 stress and online aggression, as well as the relationship between anxiety and online aggression were moderated by perceived anonymity. Conclusion This study explains the possible potential mechanisms for reducing online aggression in the context of COVID-19. In order to intervene in online aggression, psychological strategies are supposed to be drawn to reduce anxiety and perceived anonymity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjing Guo
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Preschool Education Research Center, School of Psychology, School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Xu
- Mental Health Education and Counselling Center, Department of Student Affairs Management, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Preschool Education Research Center, School of Psychology, School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bacong AM, Yellow Horse AJ, Lee E, Ðoàn LN, Saw A. Modes of COVID-19 Information and Vaccine Hesitancy Among Asian Americans: The Moderating Role of Exposure to Cyberbullying. AJPM FOCUS 2023; 2:100130. [PMID: 37362393 PMCID: PMC10285202 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction : COVID-19 vaccination is an important public health intervention to curb the pandemic's magnitude and spread, and racial discrimination is a key predictor of COVID-19 preventive behavior, vaccine hesitancy, and uptake. This study evaluated the association of vaccine hesitancy with various modes of information on COVID-19 (i.e., online, social media) and the moderating role of cyberbullying among Asian Americans. Methods : We used population-weighted data from the nationwide Asian American & Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander COVID-19 Needs Assessment Survey, which was conducted from January to April 2021 (unweighted n=3,127). We examined the association of various modes of COVID-19 information and vaccine hesitancy, moderated by exposure to cyberbullying. Results : In general, 16% of Asian Americans reported vaccine hesitancy; 26% reported experiencing cyberbullying. Asian Americans reported receiving the majority of COVID-19 information from online sources (75%) and social media (52%). In unadjusted models, receiving information online (OR=0.46, 95%CI=0.33, 0.62, p<.001), via social media (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.52, 0.93, p<.05), and via broadcast (OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.44, 0.81, p<.001) were significantly associated with a lower vaccine hesitancy. However, reporting any cyberbullying was associated with increased vaccine hesitancy (OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.02, 1.90, p<.05). The protective effects for COVID-19 information modes remained when accounting for health and sociodemographic factors, while the effect of cyberbullying was no longer statistically significant. Cyberbullying moderated the protective effect of broadcast information only, so those who received information via broadcast and reported experiencing cyberbullying had similar odds of vaccine hesitancy compared to those who did not receive information via broadcast. Conclusions : Online, social media, and broadcast remain important sources of information about COVID-19 for Asian Americans; however, experiencing cyberbullying can reduce the effectiveness of these sources in the uptake of the vaccine. COVID-19 information promotion strategies for Asian Americans must account for the role of cyberbullying in social media campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Bacong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford University Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford, California
| | | | - Eunhye Lee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lan N. Ðoàn
- Department of Population Health, Section for Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anne Saw
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yarbrough JRW, Sell K, Weiss A, Salazar LR. Cyberbullying and the Faculty Victim Experience: Perceptions and Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BULLYING PREVENTION : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BULLYING PREVENTION ASSOCIATION 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37361637 PMCID: PMC10244080 DOI: 10.1007/s42380-023-00173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying affects US youth, adolescents, and adults and can occur in various settings. Among the academic literature exploring cyberbullying, most discuss cyberbullying of youth and adolescents within the K-12 academic setting. While some studies address cyberbullying targeting adults, a limited amount of research has been conducted on the topic of cyberbullying among adults within the higher education context. Of the studies that explore cyberbullying in higher education, a considerable proportion focus on cyberbullying incidents between college students. Less discussed, however, are the experiences of university faculty who have been cyberbullied by either their students, fellow faculty, or administrators. Few, if any, studies address cyberbullying of faculty as the phenomenon relates to the COVID-19 pandemic. The following qualitative study aims to fill this gap through examining the lived experiences of faculty victims of cyberbullying. Utilizing the theoretical lens of disempowerment theory, researchers recruited a diverse population of twenty-five university faculty from across the USA who self-reported being victims of cyberbullying. The study analyzes participants' interview responses to determine common experiences of faculty and overarching themes concerning cyberbullying in the academic workplace, particularly within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team applied disempowerment theory to support thematic analysis. In addition, the present article offers potential solutions for supporting faculty as they navigate virtual learning environments. The study's findings hold practical implications for faculty, administrators, and stakeholders in institutions of higher education who seek to implement research-driven policies to address cyberbullying on their campuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katelynn Sell
- Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2004 USA
| | - Adam Weiss
- Bilingual and ESL Education, West Texas A&M University, 2501 4th Ave, Canyon, TX 79016 USA
| | - Leslie Ramos Salazar
- Business Communication, West Texas A&M University, 2501 4th Ave, Canyon, TX 79016 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gan X, Xiang GX, Li M, Jin X, Qin KN. Positive youth development attributes, mental disorder, and problematic online behaviors in adolescents: a longitudinal study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1133696. [PMID: 37333550 PMCID: PMC10273271 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1133696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents have increasingly suffered from online problem behaviors and mental disorders. But little research has paid attention to the protective factors among adolescents. Therefore, the present study attempted to investigate the role of positive youth development (PYD) attributes in adolescents' depression, internet gaming disorder (IGD) and cyberbullying/victimization (CBV). Methods A total of 995 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.97 years, SD = 0.77, 325 boys) from two public high schools in Hubei province were recruited to participate in the three-wave longitudinal study over the span of 1 year during the pandemic (Time 1: November, 2020; Time 2: May, 2021; Time 3: November, 2021). Results T1 PYD attributes negatively predicted T2 depression and T3 online problematic behaviors. T2 depression positively predicted IGD at T3. T3 IGD significantly predicted greater involvement in T3 CBV, and vice versa. Moreover, depression and one online problem behavior mediated the relationships between PYD attributes and the other online problem behavior, separately and sequentially. Discussion These findings demonstrated the protective role of PYD attributes in prevention of mental disorders and online problem behaviors among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comprehensive measures should be taken to assist young people to develop more PYD attributes to promote healthy growth.
Collapse
|
9
|
Soares FB, Gruzd A, Jacobson J, Hodson J. To troll or not to troll: Young adults' anti-social behaviour on social media. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284374. [PMID: 37224126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online anti-social behaviour is on the rise, reducing the perceived benefits of social media in society and causing a number of negative outcomes. This research focuses on the factors associated with young adults being perpetrators of anti-social behaviour when using social media. METHOD Based on an online survey of university students in Canada (n = 359), we used PLS-SEM to create a model and test the associations between four factors (online disinhibition, motivations for cyber-aggression, self-esteem, and empathy) and the likelihood of being a perpetrator of online anti-social behaviour. RESULTS The model shows positive associations between two appetitive motives for cyber-aggression (namely recreation and reward) and being a perpetrator. This finding indicates that young adults engage in online anti-social behaviour for fun and social approval. The model also shows a negative association between cognitive empathy and being a perpetrator, which indicates that perpetrators may be engaging in online anti-social behaviour because they do not understand how their targets feel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Bonow Soares
- London College of Communication, University of the Arts London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anatoliy Gruzd
- Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jenna Jacobson
- Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jaigris Hodson
- College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Royal Roads University, Victoria, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sorrentino A, Sulla F, Santamato M, di Furia M, Toto GA, Monacis L. Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Cyberbullying and Cybervictimization Prevalence among Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105825. [PMID: 37239552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In light of the alarming results emerging from some studies and reports on the significant increase in aggressive online behaviors among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, the current research aimed at providing a more detailed evaluation of the investigations focusing on the cyberbullying prevalence rates published between 2020 and 2023. To this purpose, systematic searches were conducted on four databases (Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, Scopus and Google Scholar), and following PRISMA guidelines, 16 studies were included and qualitatively reviewed. Although studies were characterized by a large variety in cyberbullying operationalization and measurement, and by different methodologies used for data collection, the prevalence rates of the involvement in cyberbullying and/or cybervictimization generally revealed opposite trends: an increase in many Asian countries and Australia and a decrease in Western countries. The findings were also discussed by considering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, some suggestions were provided to policy makers for promoting prevention and intervention anti-cyberbullying programs in school contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sorrentino
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Sulla
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Margherita Santamato
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco di Furia
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Monacis
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Froggio G, Vettorato G, Lori M. COVID-19 Pandemic as Subjective Repeated Strains and its Effects on Deviant Behavior in a Sample of Italian Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023:306624X231159889. [PMID: 36992522 PMCID: PMC10064194 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231159889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although over the past 2 years several studies have been carried out on the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people, few of them investigated the pandemic as psychosocial strain and its effects on deviant behaviors. According to Agnew's General Strain Theory, a repeated objective psychosocial strain, such as the pandemic, exerts pressure on deviance when individuals associate with deviant peers and have weak attachment to parents. Using a sample of 568 young Italians (ages: 15-20 years; 65.8% females, 34.2% males) from north, central and south Italy, we tested for the possible correlation between COVID-19 as a repeated psychosocial strain, deviant behaviors and the role of some coping strategies not included in the Agnew's original theoretical formulation. Results back the thesis that, considering the COVID-19 pandemic as a repeated subjective strain, affect deviance results primarily through association with deviant peers and less through weak attachment with family. The mediating role of coping strategies was found to be weak. The predominant role of the peer group in the genesis of deviant responses to strain will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto Froggio
- University Institute “Progetto Uomo,” Montefiascone, Italy
- Salesian Pontifical University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Lori
- Italian National Statistic Institute, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
António R, Guerra R, Moleiro C. Cyberbullying during COVID-19 lockdowns: prevalence, predictors, and outcomes for youth. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-17. [PMID: 36845205 PMCID: PMC9938688 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed additional challenges to the safety and well-being of young people who were forced to engage in online learning, spending more time than ever online, and cyberbullying emerged as a notable concern for parents, educators, and students. Two studies conducted online examined the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of cyberbullying episodes during the lockdowns due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Portugal. Study 1 (N = 485) examined the prevalence of cyberbullying among youth during the first lockdown period in 2020, focusing on predictors, symptoms of psychological distress and possible buffers of the effects of cyberbullying. Study 2 (N = 952) examined the prevalence of cyberbullying, predictors, and symptoms of psychological distress during the second lockdown period in 2021. Results revealed that most participants experienced cyberbullying, symptoms of psychological distress (e.g., sadness and loneliness) during the lockdowns were higher for those who experienced than for those who did not experience cyberbullying, and those who experienced cyberbullying with higher levels of parental and social support showed lower levels of symptoms of psychological distress (i.e., suicidal ideation). These findings contribute to the existing knowledge on online bullying among youth, specifically during COVID-19 lockdowns. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04394-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel António
- CIS-IUL, ISCTE- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avª das Forças Armadas, Ed. ISCTE, CIS-IUL, Lisboa, 1649-026 Portugal
| | - Rita Guerra
- CIS-IUL, ISCTE- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avª das Forças Armadas, Ed. ISCTE, CIS-IUL, Lisboa, 1649-026 Portugal
| | - Carla Moleiro
- CIS-IUL, ISCTE- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avª das Forças Armadas, Ed. ISCTE, CIS-IUL, Lisboa, 1649-026 Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lo Moro G, Scaioli G, Martella M, Pagani A, Colli G, Bert F, Siliquini R. Exploring Cyberaggression and Mental Health Consequences among Adults: An Italian Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3224. [PMID: 36833917 PMCID: PMC9958796 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyberaggression (CyA) embraces a broad spectrum of hostile behaviors through electronic means. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate features and outcomes of this phenomenon among Italian adults. A nationwide survey was distributed on social media platforms. Being victim and being perpetrator of CyA were the primary outcomes; positive scores for GAD-2 (generalized anxiety disorder) and PHQ-2 (depressive symptoms) scales were the secondary outcomes. In total, 446 surveys were collected. Considering the primary outcomes, 46.3% and 13.5% reported having been victims and perpetrators of CyA, respectively. Politics, ethnic minority, and sexual orientation were main subjects triggering CyA. A higher likelihood of being cyber-victims was observed for women and the LGBTQA+ group. Women were less likely to be CyA perpetrators. There was an association between being a CyA victim and a CyA perpetrator. A total of 22.4% and 34.0% respondents scored positive for PHQ-2 and GAD-2, respectively. The main mental health consequences after CyA exposure were anger and sadness, whereas sleep alterations and stomach ache were the most experienced psychosomatics symptoms. No significant relationships between PHQ-2/GAD-2 and CyA emerged. CyA also represents a crucial public health issue among Italian adults. Further investigations are needed to better define the phenomenon and to study the potential consequences on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Lo Moro
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Scaioli
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Martella
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Pagani
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Colli
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bert
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Siliquini
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borualogo IS, Casas F. Sibling Bullying, School Bullying, and Children's Subjective Well-Being Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2023; 16:1203-1232. [PMID: 36785618 PMCID: PMC9907181 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-023-10013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study are threefold. The first aim is to examine the prevalence of sibling and school bullying before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The second aim is to investigate the subjective well-being (SWB) of children who were bullied or never bullied before and during COVID-19. The third aim is to investigate factors associated with sibling and school bullying before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses two separate cross-sectional datasets from the Children's Worlds survey in Indonesia. Data in Study 1 were collected in October 2017 (N = 12,794; 48.2% boys; 51.8% girls, mean age = 10.56), while data in Study 2 were collected from July to September 2021 (N = 2,222; 46.1% boys; 53.9% girls; mean age = 10.77). Five items were used to measure sibling and school bullying. The five-item version of the Children's Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale (CW-SWBS5) was used as the SWB indicator. Three groups of independent variables (family, friends and school climate) were analysed using linear regression to investigate the contribution of each variable to sibling and school bullying. Results show that the prevalence of sibling bullying during the COVID-19 pandemic is higher than before the pandemic, while the frequency of school bullying incidents during COVID-19 is lower than before COVID-19. SWB scores of children during COVID-19 are lower than SWB scores of children before the COVID-19 pandemic, both for bullied or never-bullied children. The fact that children report that parents listen to them and take what they say into account is positively associated with a lower frequency of being bullied at home before and during COVID-19 and being bullied at school only during the pandemic. Although samples are not strictly comparable, the SWB indicators used in both studies showed sensitivity to the changes in children's lives in previous studies. Therefore, the SWB indicators are supposed to be sensitive to changes associated with children's new everyday life COVID-19 has implied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsana Sabriani Borualogo
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Islam Bandung, Jln. Tamansari No. 1, 40116 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferran Casas
- Doctoral Program on Education and Society, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Research Institute on Quality of Life, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xie L, Da Q, Huang J, Peng Z, Li L. A Cross-Sectional Survey of Different Types of School Bullying before and during COVID-19 in Shantou City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032103. [PMID: 36767470 PMCID: PMC9915210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has had serious wide-ranging effects on academic, occupational and other daily activities. Like other types of institutions, schools are facing unprecedented challenges. Students may face a variety of adverse consequences, including sleep disturbances and school bullying, if they are unable to adjust to the current learning and living environment. This study explored the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on school bullying. METHODS A total of 5782 middle school students were enrolled in this multi-stage, cross-sectional study (3071 before and 2711 during the pandemic). The pre-pandemic group had a mean age of 14.9 ± 1.73, the pandemic group of 14.75 ± 1.47. Three models were set up using binary logistic regression to adjust for confounding variables (gender, school type, alcohol consumption, smoking, playing violent video games). RESULTS All types of bullying victimization and perpetration (physical, verbal, social and property bullying) were more common during the pandemic than before the pandemic. In terms of bullying victimization, property bullying victimization (crude odds ratio [OR]: 2.398, 95% CI: 2.014-2.854, p < 0.001; model 2 adjusted OR: 2.344, 95% CI: 1.966-2.795, p < 0.001; model 3 adjusted OR: 2.818, 95% CI: 2.292-3.464, p < 0.001) increased the most. In terms of bullying perpetration, verbal bullying perpetration (crude OR: 3.007, 95% CI: 2.448-3.693, p <0.001; model 2 adjusted OR: 2.954, 95% CI: 2.399-3.637, p < 0.001; model 3 adjusted OR:3.345, 95% CI: 2.703-4.139, p < 0.001) increased the most. CONCLUSION This study corroborate the significance of the pandemic on traditional school bullying and suggests that we should further consider other types of bullying and establish and improve the response and prevention mechanisms during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xie
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qingchen Da
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Zhekuan Peng
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gohal G, Alqassim A, Eltyeb E, Rayyani A, Hakami B, Al Faqih A, Hakami A, Qadri A, Mahfouz M. Prevalence and related risks of cyberbullying and its effects on adolescent. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:39. [PMID: 36641459 PMCID: PMC9840538 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyberbullying is becoming common in inflicting harm on others, especially among adolescents. This study aims to assess the prevalence of cyberbullying, determine the risk factors, and assess the association between cyberbullying and the psychological status of adolescents facing this problem in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 355 students, aged between 12-18 years, through a validated online questionnaire to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of cyberbullying and assess psychological effects based on cyberbullying questionnaire and Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) questions. RESULTS The participants in this study numbered 355; 68% of participants were females compared to 32% were males. Approximately 20% of the participants spend more than 12 h daily on the Internet, and the estimated overall prevalence of cyberbullying was 42.8%, with the male prevalence slightly higher than females. In addition, 26.3% of the participants were significantly affected in their academic Performance due to cyberbullying. Approximately 20% of all participants considered leaving their schools, 19.7% considered ceasing their Internet use, and 21.1% considered harming themselves due to the consequences of cyberbullying. There are essential links between the frequency of harassment, the effect on academic Performance, and being a cyber victim. CONCLUSIONS Cyberbullying showed a high prevalence among adolescents in the Jazan region with significant associated psychological effects. There is an urgency for collaboration between the authorities and the community to protect adolescents from this harmful occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gassem Gohal
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alqassim
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ebtihal Eltyeb
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rayyani
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Hakami
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Faqih
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hakami
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almuhannad Qadri
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mahfouz
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Perez C, Karmakar S. An NLP-assisted Bayesian time-series analysis for prevalence of Twitter cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic. SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND MINING 2023; 13:51. [PMID: 36937491 PMCID: PMC10016178 DOI: 10.1007/s13278-023-01053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has brought about many changes in social dynamics. Stay-at-home orders and disruptions in school teaching can influence bullying behavior in-person and online, both of which leading to negative outcomes in victims. To study cyberbullying specifically, 1 million tweets containing keywords associated with abuse were collected from the beginning of 2019 to the end of 2021 with the Twitter API search endpoint. A natural language processing model pre-trained on a Twitter corpus generated probabilities for the tweets being offensive and hateful. To overcome limitations of sampling, data were also collected using the count endpoint. The fraction of tweets from a given daily sample marked as abusive is multiplied to the number reported by the count endpoint. Once these adjusted counts are assembled, a Bayesian autoregressive Poisson model allows one to study the mean trend and lag functions of the data and how they vary over time. The results reveal strong weekly and yearly seasonality in hateful speech but with slight differences across years that may be attributed to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Perez
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA
| | - Sayar Karmakar
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Forsberg JT, Thorvaldsen S. The severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bullying victimization, mental health indicators and quality of life. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22634. [PMID: 36587112 PMCID: PMC9804241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of traditional and digital bullying and mental health problems a year into the pandemic. Further, how anxiety level, loneliness, and self-perceived school functioning have influenced the quality of life. A comprehensive questionnaire was administered (N = 1239) in the city of Tromsø and compared to a similar data collection (N = 972) conducted in the same schools in 2017. The main findings were increased prevalence in bullying, more mental health problems and significantly reduced quality of life compared to before the pandemic. Implications and the importance of implementing anti-bullying and psychosocial measures after the pandemic are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June T. Forsberg
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Regional Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (RKBU North), UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Steinar Thorvaldsen
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Education, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Chu X. Aggressive behavior, boredom, and protective factors among college students during closed-off management of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1012536. [PMID: 36591009 PMCID: PMC9800806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1012536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese colleges have implemented strict closed-off management in response to the outbreak of a new variant of the new coronavirus, Omicron. But such management measures may lead to more aggressive behavior. The study aimed to determine the associations between boredom and aggressive behavior with aggression and to examine the impact of boredom on aggression through the moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Methods The Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory were applied to a sample of 719 college students who were in a closed-off management environment. Results For individuals with high cognitive flexibility, the relationship between state boredom and proactive aggression was not significant. The relationship between state boredom and proactive aggression was significantly positively correlated for individuals with low cognitive flexibility, especially low substitutability. Cognitive flexibility has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between state boredom and reactive aggression. Conclusion The findings highlighted the importance of boredom as a potential risk factor for aggression, while cognitive flexibility appears as a potential protective factor.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lan M, Pan Q, Tan CY, Law NWY. Understanding protective and risk factors affecting adolescents' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2022; 7:32. [PMID: 36517514 PMCID: PMC9748907 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-022-00149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the factors affecting adolescents' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of their participation in digital activities, emotional regulation, self-regulated learning, and parental involvement. Using self-reported data from 932 pairs of adolescents and their parents, we performed multiple-group structural equation modeling, which revealed that self-efficacy in online learning during school suspension was a key factor influencing adolescents' perceived worries after schools resumed. During school suspension, boys' cognitive-emotional regulation played a protective role in their well-being, helping them to avoid cyberbullying incidents, while girls' participation in leisure-oriented digital activities compromised their self-efficacy in online learning and led to cyberbullying incidents. Furthermore, improvement in parent-child relationships during school suspension encouraged adolescents to use more positive emotional regulation strategies, enhanced their self-efficacy in online learning, and reduced their leisure-time digital activities. The findings indicate that the effective regulation of adolescents' online behaviors, emotions, and self-efficacy, especially when combined with an emotionally secure family relationship, can ensure adolescents' well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Lan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice (CRPP), Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Yong Tan
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Czakert JP, Berger R. The Indirect Role of Passive-Avoidant and Transformational Leadership through Job and Team Level Stressors on Workplace Cyberbullying. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15984. [PMID: 36498057 PMCID: PMC9736557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Research on workplace cyberbullying (WCB) is still scarce and needs verification. This study addressed the indirect influence of positive and negative leadership on WCB via perceived role stressors and negative team climate. The main goal is to test the applicability of the work environment hypothesis and job demands-resources model for WCB on a cross-sectional sample of n = 583 workers in Germany (n = 334) and Spain (n = 249). We tested multiple mediation models, and findings revealed that negative (passive-avoidant) leadership increased role and team stressors and thereby WCB exposure, whereas positive (transformational) leadership decreased the same stressors and thereby reduced WCB exposure. No cross-cultural differences were found, indicating portability of the results. This study highlights the explanatory factors for WCB at individual and team level and emphasizes the role of managers as shapers of the work environmental antecedents of WCB in the emergent digitalized working world. Theoretical implications and future research avenues are discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Syed N, Hamid ABA, Su X, Bhatti MH. Suffering doubly: Effect of cyberbullying on interpersonal deviance and dual mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and anger. Front Psychol 2022; 13:941235. [PMID: 36524188 PMCID: PMC9746230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.941235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on employee harassment, in the form of workplace bullying, has increased over the past decade. However, there is little research on the prevalence and impact of cyberbullying, a type of cyber-related violence in the workplace. Thus, it would be interesting to examine the impact of cyberbullying on interpersonal deviance through the serial mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and anger. Drawing from the conservation of the resource theory and the affective event theory, this proposed study clarifies the mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and anger. The time lag approach was used to collect the data from the sample of 385 employees in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. By employing SPSS and PLS, bootstrapping was performed to conduct the mediation analysis. Findings indicated that workplace cyberbullying increased interpersonal deviance by enhancing emotional exhaustion and anger. The current research contributes to the literature by considering the behavioral outcomes of workplace cyberbullying with the practical implications for human resource practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Syed
- PUTRA Business School, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Management Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Xin Su
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Misbah Hayat Bhatti
- Department of Management Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lian Y, Zhou Y, Lian X, Dong X. Cyber violence caused by the disclosure of route information during the COVID-19 pandemic. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 9:417. [PMID: 36466702 PMCID: PMC9702928 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disclosure of patients' travel route information by government departments has been an effective and indispensable pandemic prevention and control measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this measure may make patients susceptible to cyber violence (CV). We selected 13 real cases that occurred in China during the COVID-19 pandemic for analysis. We identified several characteristics that commonly appeared due to route information, such as rumors about and moral condemnation of patients, and determined that patients who are the first locally confirmed cases of a particular wave of the pandemic are more likely to be the victims of CV. We then analyzed and compared six real cases using data mining and network analysis approaches. We found that disclosing travel route information increases the risk of exposing patients to CV, especially those who violate infection prevention regulations. In terms of disseminating information, we found that mainstream media and influential we-media play an essential role. Based on the findings, we summarized the formation mechanism of route information disclosure-caused CV and proposed three practical suggestions-namely, promote the publicity of the media field with the help of mainstream media and influential we-media, optimize the route information collection and disclosure system, and ease public anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to focus on CV on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that our findings can help governments better carry out pandemic prevention and control measures on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lian
- School of Journalism, Communication University of China, No.1 Dingfuzhuang East Street, 100024 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueting Zhou
- School of Journalism, Communication University of China, No.1 Dingfuzhuang East Street, 100024 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Lian
- College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefan Dong
- College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research Base of Beijing Modern Manufacturing Development, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morales-Arjona I, Pastor-Moreno G, Ruiz-Pérez I, Sordo L, Henares-Montiel J. Characterization of Cyberbullying Victimization and Perpetration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:733-743. [PMID: 36125383 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying is an extremely damaging form of interpersonal violence. Little is yet known about cyberbullying behaviors in the child and youth population during the COVID-19 pandemic and what effect this reduction in face-to-face social interactions has had on an increase in socialization via the Internet and cyberbullying. The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in young people between the ages of 12 and 27 years attending two secondary schools in southern Spain (N = 733) to examine differences regarding sociodemographic characteristics, academic performance, and digital device use (independent variables) in the experiences of cybervictimization, cyberperpetration, and adverse psychological effects (dependent variables). Logistic regression models were constructed for each of the dependent variables including the independent variables mentioned above. More than 50 percent of the sample were victims of cyberbullying. Females and the LGBTIQ+ Community were at greater risk of being cybervictims and suffer adverse psychological effects. A total of 22.8 percent of the students reported having been victims and 26.5 percent perpetrators of cyberbullying for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic, but no other major differences were observed. These findings point out that cyberbullying must be prioritized in public policy as part of an overall strategy for combating violence in childhood and adolescence, as well as gender-based and discriminatory violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Morales-Arjona
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Pérez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Sordo
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Departamente de Salud Pública y Materno Infantil, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Henares-Montiel
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Malik OF, Pichler S. Linking Perceived Organizational Politics to Workplace Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Role of Anger and Fear. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2022; 186:1-19. [PMID: 36090311 PMCID: PMC9443633 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-022-05234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of information and communication technologies in the workplace has extended the scope of bullying behaviors at work to the online context. However, less is known about the role of situational factors in encouraging cyberbullying behavior in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of perceived organizational politics in fueling cyberbullying in the workplace, and to examine the central role of negative emotions in this process. The sample comprised 279 faculty members of three large public sector universities in Islamabad, Pakistan. Results demonstrated that perceived organizational politics was positively associated with discrete negative emotions of anger and fear. Moreover, results indicated that anger was positively associated with cyberbullying perpetration, whereas fear was positively associated with face-to-face bullying victimization. Results also supported the idea that victims of face-to-face bullying may develop a positive attitude toward cyberbullying and retaliate against their more powerful face-to-face bullies online, possibly anonymously. We contribute to the literature by demonstrating that both forms of bullying can co-occur in the workplace as a consequence of perceived organizational politics, and the two roles-bully and victim-may be swapped among victims and perpetrators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Farooq Malik
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaun Pichler
- Department of Management, College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Y. Understanding the role of social factors in cyberbullying at Workplace. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
27
|
Wirawan GBS, Hanipraja MA, Chrysanta G, Imtaza N, Ahmad KT, Marlina I, Mahendra D, Larosa AT. Anxiety and prior victimization predict online gender-based violence perpetration among Indonesian young adults during COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2022; 12:31. [PMID: 35818380 PMCID: PMC9261232 DOI: 10.1186/s41935-022-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most of human interactions moved to the cyberspace for much of the pandemic. It was no surprise that online violence was also on the rise. One of the objectives of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors of online gender-based violence (OGBV) perpetration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The final analysis included 1006 respondents, 84.2% of whom were women and 94.5% were heterosexual. Over 60% of respondents admitted having perpetrated at least one type of OGBV once. It included 58.6% of women who admitted having perpetrated OGBV. Logistic regression analysis identified anxiety, online disinhibition, and history of victimization as independent risk factors of perpetration with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.82 (95% CI 1.30–2.56), 1.38 (95% CI 1.03–1.85), and 9.72 (95% CI 5.11–18.51), respectively. Sub-group analysis that identified these factors also facilitated increased frequency and severity of OGBV perpetration. Conclusions We found a high proportion of OGBV perpetration among young adults during the pandemic among all genders although women were grossly overrepresented among the respondents. Risk factors of perpetration included anxiety, online disinhibition, and prior victimization. The pandemic situation which heightened general anxiety and increased dependency on online communication may facilitate the perpetration of OGBV. The generalization of this result should pay attention to the caveat that the demographic of respondents is heavily skewed toward women.
Collapse
|
28
|
Arnon S, Brunstein Klomek A, Visoki E, Moore TM, Argabright ST, DiDomenico GE, Benton TD, Barzilay R. Association of Cyberbullying Experiences and Perpetration With Suicidality in Early Adolescence. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2218746. [PMID: 35759263 PMCID: PMC9237787 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Adolescent suicidality (ie, suicidal ideation or attempts) is a major public health concern. Cyberbullying experiences and perpetration have become increasingly prevalent and are associated with mental health burden, but their roles as independent suicidality risk factors remain unclear. Data are needed to clarify their contribution to teen suicidality to inform suicide prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE To examine whether cyberbullying experiences and perpetration are distinct stressors divergent from other forms of peer aggression experiences in their association with suicidality in early adolescence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional analysis used data collected between July 2018 and January 2021 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a large, diverse sample of US children aged 10 to 13 years. EXPOSURES Youth reports of cyberbullying experiences or perpetration. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was youth-reported suicidality (past or present, as reported in the ABCD 2-year follow-up assessment). Covariates included demographics, established environmental risk and protective factors for youth suicidality, psychopathology, and experiences or perpetration of offline peer aggression. RESULTS A total of 10 414 ABCD participants were included in this study. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 12.0 (0.7) years and 4962 (47.6%) were female; 796 (7.6%) endorsed suicidality. A total of 930 (8.9%) reported experiencing cyberbullying and 96 (0.9%) reported perpetrating cyberbullying. Of the perpetrators, 66 (69.0%) also endorsed experiencing cyberbullying. Controlling for demographics, experiencing cyberbullying was associated with suicidality (odds ratio [OR], 4.2 [95% CI, 3.5-5.1]; P < .001), whereas perpetrating cyberbullying was not (OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 0.8-2.3]; P = .30). Experiencing cyberbullying remained associated with suicidality when accounting for negative life events, family conflict, parental monitoring, school environment, and racial and ethnic discrimination (OR, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.0-3.0]; P < .001) and when further covarying for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology (OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.4-2.4]; P < .001). Both being a target and being a perpetrator of offline peer aggression were associated with suicidality (OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-2.0] for both), controlling for all covariates described earlier. Cyberbullying experiences remained associated with suicidality (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3-2.2]; P < .001, controlling for all covariates) when included with offline peer aggression experiences and perpetration. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, experiencing-but not perpetrating-cyberbullying was associated with suicidality in early adolescence. This association was significant over and above other suicidality risk factors, including offline peer aggression experiences or perpetration. These findings can inform adolescent suicide prevention strategies, and they suggest that clinicians and educational staff working with this population should routinely evaluate for adolescents' experience with cyberbullying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shay Arnon
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | | | - Elina Visoki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Stirling T. Argabright
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace E. DiDomenico
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tami D. Benton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rodriguez-Rivas ME, Varela JJ, María Josefina Chuecas CG. The role of family support and conflict in cyberbullying and subjective well-being among Chilean Adolescents during the Covid-19 period. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09243. [PMID: 35445156 PMCID: PMC9014388 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Life satisfaction plays a crucial role in integral development and mental health during childhood and adolescence. Recently, it has been shown that cyberbullying has severe consequences for the mental health and wellbeing of victims such as increased anxiety, depressive symptoms and even suicide risk. Although the role of the family in life satisfaction and cyberbullying behaviors has been studied, there is limited information on its impacts during the current pandemic period. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the role of family variables regarding students’ levels of life satisfaction and cyberbullying victimization during the pandemic period. Method Structural equation modeling was done using data from a cross-sectional study (n = 287; age ranged 14–18) conducted in six schools in Santiago, Chile during 2020. Results The tested model has a good fit and parsimonious adjustment. It explained 25.9% of the life satisfaction and 9% of the variance of cyberbullying victimization. Family support was positively associated with life satisfaction (p < 0.001) and negatively associated with cyberbullying victimization (p < 0.05). Likewise, family conflict was positively associated with levels of cyberbullying victimization (p < 0.05) and negatively associated with life satisfaction levels (p < 0.001). Finally, family visits were only positively associated with life satisfaction (p < 0.01). Conclusions Generating interventions on several levels focused on positive family bonds has become essential and urgent. This is especially important considering their protective impacts on cyberbullying victimization in promotion of adolescent well-being and quality of life. Level of family support decreased cyberbullying victimization and increased life satisfaction during the Pandemic. Level of family conflict increased the risk of cyberbullying victimization and decreased levels of life satisfaction. Interventions and policies are urgently needed to promote positive family bonds and work-life balance.
Collapse
|
30
|
Shoib S, Philip S, Bista S, Saeed F, Javed S, Ori D, Bashir A, Chandradasa M. Cyber victimization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A syndemic looming large. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e528. [PMID: 35224224 PMCID: PMC8851571 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of PsychiatryJawahar Lal Nehru Memorial HospitalSrinagarIndia
| | | | - Seema Bista
- Division of Clinical and Translational ResearchLarkin Comminity Hospital SystemSouth MiamiFloridaUnited states
| | - Fahimeh Saeed
- Department of PsychiatryPsychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sana Javed
- Psychiatry UnitNishtar Medical UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Dorottya Ori
- Department of Mental HealthHeim Pal National Pediatric Institute, and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Adil Bashir
- Department of Social WorkKashmir UniversityKashmirIndia
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang Q, Luo X, Tu R, Xiao T, Hu W. COVID-19 Information Overload and Cyber Aggression during the Pandemic Lockdown: The Mediating Role of Depression/Anxiety and the Moderating Role of Confucian Responsibility Thinking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031540. [PMID: 35162578 PMCID: PMC8834912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many countries adopted lockdown measures to curb the spread of the outbreak in 2020, while information about COVID-19 has dominated various media outlets, which has led to information overload for people. However, previous research has mainly focused on cancer information overload and the corresponding consequence, and failed to examine its adverse effects in the context of major public health events. Based on the Frustrate Aggression Theory and the Scapegoat Theory, the present study established a moderated mediation model to investigate the emotional and behavioral outcomes of COVID-19 information overload. The mediating role of depression/anxiety in the association between COVID-19 information overload and cyber aggression, as well as the moderating role of Confucian responsibility thinking, were tested. This model was examined with 1005 Chinese people (mean age = 26.91 years, SD = 9.94) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Mediation analyses revealed that COVID-19 information overload was positively related to cyber aggression, depression, and anxiety, parallelly and partially mediated this relationship. Moderated mediation analyses further indicated that Confucian responsibility thinking not only moderated the direct link between COVID-19 information overload and cyber aggression, with the effect being significant only for people with a low level of Confucian responsibility thinking, but also moderated the relationship between COVID-19 information overload and depression/anxiety respectively, with the associations being much more potent for individuals with low levels of Confucian responsibility thinking. These findings have the potential to inform the development of prevention and intervention programs designed to reduce the negative emotions and cyber aggression associated with information overload in public health events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (X.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Xiao Luo
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (X.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Ruilin Tu
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (X.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Wei Hu
- Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu Z, Yang R, Liu H. Concern on cyber violence and suicide during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:956328. [PMID: 36159912 PMCID: PMC9489897 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.956328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
| | - Rongchun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Malta DC, Oliveira WAD, Prates EJS, Mello FCMD, Moutinho CDS, Silva MAI. Bullying entre adolescentes brasileños: evidencias de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud Escolar, Brasil, 2015 y 2019. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6278.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumen Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de indicadores relacionados con el bullying entre escolares brasileños de 13 a 17 años y comparar los eventos de 2015 y 2019. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud Escolar realizado en todos los estados brasileños. Las prevalencias e intervalos de confianza (IC95%) de los indicadores se estimaron en 2019. Para probar las diferencias entre las dos ediciones se utilizó la prueba T de Student (p ≤ 0,01). Resultados: la prevalencia de la práctica de bullying disminuyó del 20,4% (IC95%: 19,2-21,5) en 2015 al 12,0% (IC95%: 11,6-12,5) en 2019. Los motivos aducidos para sufrir bullying fueron similares en las dos ediciones: apariencia del cuerpo y rostro y color de piel o raza. Las prevalencias entre los estados brasileños fueron similares, siendo que hubo mayores índices de padecer bullying en el estado de Tocantins, de situaciones de cyberbullying en los estados de Mato Grosso y Amapá, y de hacer bullying en Río de Janeiro. Conclusión: hubo una reducción a la mitad en la práctica de bullying, con un informe señalando que la relación no es buena entre los adolescentes brasileños, sin embargo, la prevalencia de bullying y cyberbullying es alta en el país. Por lo tanto, se debe prestar atención a las políticas públicas para reducir y enfrentar esta situación en el escenario nacional.
Collapse
|
34
|
Malta DC, Oliveira WAD, Prates EJS, Mello FCMD, Moutinho CDS, Silva MAI. Bullying among Brazilian adolescents: evidence from the National Survey of School Health, Brazil, 2015 and 2019. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6278.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: to estimate the prevalence rate of indicators related to bullying among Brazilian students aged 13 to 17 years and compare its occurrence between 2015 and 2019. Method: this is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with data from the National Survey of School Health, carried out in all Brazilian states. The prevalence rate and confidence intervals (95%CI) of the indicators were estimated in 2019. Student’s t test was used (p ≤ 0.01) to test the differences between editions. Results: the prevalence rate of bullying decreased from 20.4% (95%CI: 19.2 - 21.5) in 2015 to 12.0% (95%CI: 11.6 - 12.5) in 2019. The reasons cited for being bullied were similar in both editions: bodily appearance, facial appearance, and color/race. Prevalence rates were similar between states. The state of Tocantins presented the highest number of bully-victims; states of Mato Grosso and Amapá had the highest number of adolescents being involved in cyberbullying situations, and the state of Rio de Janeiro presented the highest number of bullies. Conclusion: there was a reduction by half in bullying and in the report on not being treated well among Brazilian adolescents; however, the prevalence rate of being bullied and cyberbullying are high in the country. Therefore, attention should be paid to policies to reduce and confront this issue on the national scene.
Collapse
|
35
|
Malta DC, Oliveira WAD, Prates EJS, Mello FCMD, Moutinho CDS, Silva MAI. Bullying entre adolescentes brasileiros: evidências das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde do Escolar, Brasil, 2015 e 2019. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022; 30:e3679. [DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6278.3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de indicadores referentes ao bullying entre escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos e comparar sua ocorrência entre 2015 e 2019. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, com dados das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde do Escolar, realizada em todos os estados brasileiros. Foram estimadas as prevalências e os intervalos de confiança (IC95%) dos indicadores em 2019. Para testar as diferenças entre as duas edições, utilizou-se o teste t de Student (p ≤ 0,01). Resultados: a prevalência de praticar bullying reduziu de 20,4% (IC95%: 19,2-21,5) em 2015 para 12,0% (IC95%: 11,6-12,5) em 2019. Os motivos apontados para sofrer bullying foram semelhantes nas duas edições: aparência do corpo, aparência do rosto e cor ou raça. As prevalências foram semelhantes entre os estados, sendo mais elevado sofrer bullying no Tocantins, envolver-se em situações de cyberbullying em Mato Grosso e Amapá, e praticar bullying foi mais elevado no Rio de Janeiro. Conclusão: ocorreu redução da prática do bullying pela metade, e do relato de não ser bem tratado entre adolescentes brasileiros, entretanto a prevalência de sofrer bullying é elevada no país, bem como o cyberbullying. Por isso, deve-se ter atenção e priorizar políticas para redução e enfrentamento desta prática no cenário nacional.
Collapse
|
36
|
Psychological Distress and Adolescents' Cyberbullying under Floods and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parent-Child Relationships and Negotiable Fate as Moderators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312279. [PMID: 34886005 PMCID: PMC8656516 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), adolescents in 70 countries have suffered the COVID-19 pandemic and flood disasters simultaneously. Although antecedent cyberbullying variables have attracted significant research attention, the effects of psychological distress and the potential mechanisms of cyberbullying among adolescents under multiple disasters remains unclear. Based on social-ecological system theory, this study examines the moderating effects of parent-child relationships and the negotiable fate on the relationship between psychological distress and cyberbullying. A total of 1204 middle school students (52.4% boys) who suffered from floods and the COVID-19 pandemic from Zhengzhou City, China, are the participants. The results reveal that psychological distress was positively related to adolescent cyberbullying during a disaster. Parent-child relationships and negotiable fate significantly moderate the relationship between psychological distress and cyberbullying. Specifically, high parent-child relationships and a high negotiable fate could protect adolescents from the negative effects of psychological distress of cyberbullying. For adolescents with low or high parent-child relationships and low negotiable fate, the links between psychological distress and cyberbullying are stronger. These findings underline the significance of considering the interaction of psychological distress, parent-child relationships, and negotiable fate when examining adolescents' cyberbullying during disasters.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ferreira PDC, Barros A, Pereira N, Marques Pinto A, Veiga Simão AM. How Presenteeism Shaped Teacher Burnout in Cyberbullying Among Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:745252. [PMID: 34744919 PMCID: PMC8567169 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 has had an impact on the education sector, and its stakeholders, such as teachers who had to do remote work from their home, despite many constraints. These professionals tried to perform their teaching functions, despite having to deal with adverse situations, such as cyberbullying among their students, as well as their difficulties related to presenteeism and burnout. In this context, this study aimed to understand whether observing cyberbullying among students can be associated with teachers’ productivity loss due to presenteeism and burnout. This study also proposed to examine the role of productivity loss due to presenteeism in the relationship between observing cyberbullying situations among students and teacher burnout. A random sample of 1,044 (Mage=51.05, SD=7.35; 76.6% female) middle school and high school teachers answered an inventory about their experience working at home during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically with regards to cyberbullying incidents they observed among their students, their productivity loss due to presenteeism, and their burnout levels. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that observing students engaging in cyberbullying situations was positively associated with productivity loss due to presenteeism and teacher burnout. Also, teacher’s productivity loss due to presenteeism mediated the relationship between observing cyberbullying incidents among their students and their burnout levels. Specifically, the effect of productivity loss due to presenteeism explained the effect of observing cyberbullying incidents on teachers’ burnout levels. These results are innovative and shed light on the importance of teacher wellbeing at their job in the midst of a pandemic, namely, when they observe their students engaging in hostile situations, which may lead them to greater levels of burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Costa Ferreira
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Barros
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia Pereira
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Marques Pinto
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Veiga Simão
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kickbusch I, Piselli D, Agrawal A, Balicer R, Banner O, Adelhardt M, Capobianco E, Fabian C, Singh Gill A, Lupton D, Medhora RP, Ndili N, Ryś A, Sambuli N, Settle D, Swaminathan S, Morales JV, Wolpert M, Wyckoff AW, Xue L. The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2030: growing up in a digital world. Lancet 2021; 398:1727-1776. [PMID: 34706260 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kickbusch
- Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dario Piselli
- Centre for International Environmental Studies, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ran Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel; Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olivia Banner
- School of Arts, Technology and Emerging Communication, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Michael Adelhardt
- Competence Centre Health and Social Protection, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emanuele Capobianco
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Amandeep Singh Gill
- International Digital Health & AI Research Collaborative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Lupton
- Centre for Social Research in Health, Social Policy Research Centre, Australian Research Council for Automated Decision-Making and Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Njide Ndili
- PharmAccess Foundation Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Andrzej Ryś
- Health Systems, Medical Products and Innovation, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew W Wyckoff
- Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | - Lan Xue
- The Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Toprakkiran S, Gordils J. The onset of COVID-19, common identity, and intergroup prejudice. The Journal of Social Psychology 2021; 161:435-451. [PMID: 34251994 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1918620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The research presented here examined the relationship between the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, social group identity, intergroup contact, and prejudice. Utilizing a common ingroup identity approach, two datasets, which were composed of data from university students collected via online questionnaires before and after the onset of COVID-19, were combined (N = 511). Participants identified as either one of two subordinate student identities: domestic (i.e. U.S. citizen or permanent resident) or international (i.e. non-U.S. citizen or foreign resident), then reported on the strength of their subordinate and superordinate identity (university identity). Participants also reported on their contact experiences with outgroup members, outgroup stereotypes, and completed a novel intergroup bias task. Results indicated that after the onset of the pandemic, participants more strongly identified with the superordinate group, which predicted greater perceived intergroup contact and lower intergroup bias. Theoretical implications and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Gordils J, Elliot AJ, Toprakkiran S, Jamieson JP. The effects of COVID-19 on perceived intergroup competition and negative intergroup outcomes. The Journal of Social Psychology 2021; 161:419-434. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1918617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|