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de Lima EP, Tanaka M, Lamas CB, Quesada K, Detregiachi CRP, Araújo AC, Guiguer EL, Catharin VMCS, de Castro MVM, Junior EB, Bechara MD, Ferraz BFR, Catharin VCS, Laurindo LF, Barbalho SM. Vascular Impairment, Muscle Atrophy, and Cognitive Decline: Critical Age-Related Conditions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2096. [PMID: 39335609 PMCID: PMC11428869 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The triad of vascular impairment, muscle atrophy, and cognitive decline represents critical age-related conditions that significantly impact health. Vascular impairment disrupts blood flow, precipitating the muscle mass reduction seen in sarcopenia and the decline in neuronal function characteristic of neurodegeneration. Our limited understanding of the intricate relationships within this triad hinders accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies. This review analyzes the interrelated mechanisms that contribute to these conditions, with a specific focus on oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired nutrient delivery. The aim is to understand the common pathways involved and to suggest comprehensive therapeutic approaches. Vascular dysfunctions hinder the circulation of blood and the transportation of nutrients, resulting in sarcopenia characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness. Vascular dysfunction and sarcopenia have a negative impact on physical function and quality of life. Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit comparable pathophysiological mechanisms that affect cognitive and motor functions. Preventive and therapeutic approaches encompass lifestyle adjustments, addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and integrated therapies that focus on improving vascular and muscular well-being. Better understanding of these links can refine therapeutic strategies and yield better patient outcomes. This study emphasizes the complex interplay between vascular dysfunction, muscle degeneration, and cognitive decline, highlighting the necessity for multidisciplinary treatment approaches. Advances in this domain promise improved diagnostic accuracy, more effective therapeutic options, and enhanced preventive measures, all contributing to a higher quality of life for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Pereira de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Tisza Lajos Krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Caroline Barbalho Lamas
- Department of Gerontology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
| | - Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Odontology, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar Baldi Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Administration, Associate Degree in Hospital Management, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Research Coordination, UNIMAR Charity Hospital (HBU), University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
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Huang X, Huang Y, Zhou H, Huang Z. Relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index and blood pressure as well as incident hypertension among middle-aged and elderly Chinese: A longitudinal study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2095-2106. [PMID: 39003136 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) is a novel obesity metric linked to metabolic disorders. Its relationship with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence in middle-aged and elderly Chinese is unclear. This study examined the association between WWI, blood pressure, and hypertension incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 9298 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with 4120 non-hypertensive individuals enrolled in the cohort study. In the cross-sectional analysis, WWI was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Beta 0.88, 95% CI: 0.57-1.21, p < 0.001), showing stronger correlations than waist circumference (WC) (Beta 0.20, 95% CI: 0.16-0.23, p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (Beta 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.74, p < 0.001). WWI also showed a positive association with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (Beta 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32-0.69, p < 0.001), stronger than those with WC (Beta 0.13, 95% CI: 0.11-0.15, p < 0.001) and BMI (Beta 0.43, 95% CI: 0.37-0.50, p < 0.001). In the longitudinal cohort study, there were 1325 (32%) incident cases of hypertension by the end of follow-up. WWI was positively associated with incident hypertension (OR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18, p = 0.001), with a stronger predictive value than WC (OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, p < 0.001) and BMI (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Elevated WWI may serve as an independent risk factor for incident hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingJie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Hypertension Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zehan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Wan X, Ji Y, Wang R, Yang H, Cao X, Lu S. Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:230. [PMID: 39080664 PMCID: PMC11287930 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the known association between chronic inflammation and reduced muscle mass, there is a gap in research regarding the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and sarcopenic obesity (SO). This study aims to assess the relationship between SII and SO in middle-aged and elderly adults and the mediating role of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 2,719 participants aged 45-90 years who underwent health check-ups. SO was evaluated by combining sarcopenia [assessed by handgrip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI)] with obesity (determined by body fat percentage). Association between SII and SO, sarcopenia, and obesity in middle-aged and elderly individuals was examined using multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis. Bidirectional mediation analysis was conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects through SII and TyG. RESULTS The study included 2,719 participants, of which 228 had SO (8.4%). SO prevalence increased as the SII quartiles rose (Pfor trend <0.001). SII (per SD increase) had a significantly positive association with SO in both middle-aged individuals (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.43 ~ 1.99) and older adults (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.68 ~ 3.77). The relationship between SII and SO was found to be non-linear (Pnonlinear<0.05). In addition, SII showed a strong negative relationship with both handgrip strength and ASMI across all participants. In subgroup analysis, SII was still shown to significantly increase the risk of SO in all subgroups by gender, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia. TyG was found to mediate 21.36%, 11.78%, and 9.94% of the associations between SII and SO, sarcopenia, and obesity, respectively. SII had no mediation effect on the association between TyG and SO, sarcopenia, and obesity (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of SII were associated with an increased risk of SO in middle-aged and elderly adults, especially in the elderly population, and elevated TyG levels played a role in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Nursing Department, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shourong Lu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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Dearos Sanchis M, Voltas Arribas B, Carrasco-Querol N, Sauras Colón E, Sánchez Juan C. [Impact on weight loss and body composition of a food education intervention associated with Liraglutide treatment to address obesity]. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:585-593. [PMID: 38450509 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: clinical practice guidelines recommend considering pharmacological treatment of obesity only as a complement to lifestyle modification. Drugs alone are usually ineffective in the long term after discontinuation, so pharmacological weight loss strategies should always be accompanied by lifestyle modifications. Objective: to analyze the changes in weight, body mass index and body composition by means of electrical bioimpedance after a 32-week treatment with liraglutide in patients with obesity, associated or not with a food education program. Materials and methods: the study involved 68 patients who were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group received treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg/day along with individual dietary education, and the other group was treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg/day and standard medical follow-up for 32 weeks. The data collected were weight (kg), height (m) (Seca® brand), body mass index (kg/m2) and body composition using multifrequency bioimpedance (SECA 112® brand). The variables were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. Results: after 32 weeks of treatment, both study groups lost weight significantly. The group treated with liraglutide and individual dietary education had a reduction of 8.77 kg (9.08 %) (p < 0.001) and the group treated with liraglutide without education had a reduction of 3.55 kg (3.45 %) (p < 0.001). The BMI of the participants treated with liraglutide and education decreased by -4,04 kg/m2 (10.35 %) (p < 0.001) and in the group without education it decreased by -3.22 kg/m2 (8.30 %) (p = 0.003). In the educated group, fat mass decreased by -7.65 kg (15.89 %) (p < 0.001), although skeletal muscle mass also decreased by -1.62 kg (6.8 %) (p < 0.001). In those treated with liraglutide without education, a reduction in fat mass and skeletal muscle mass was also observed - fat mass by -4.72 kg (9.43 %) (p < 0.001) and skeletal muscle mass by -0.17 kg (0.70 %) (p < 0.001). Differences were also observed between groups, observing a greater reduction in weight, BMI, fat mass and skeletal muscle mass in the group with liraglutide and education compared to the group without education, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: dietary education associated with liraglutide treatment may contribute to increasing weight and fat mass losses. However, it was also associated with an unwanted loss of skeletal muscle mass, probably related to the greater intensity of weight loss, which will have to be reversed in future therapeutic approaches. Habit modification through multidisciplinary treatment, including nutritional education, combined strength and resistance exercise, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, could be an effective way to treat obesity and maintain weight, body composition, and adherence to a lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Dearos Sanchis
- Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta. Institut Català de la Salut. Departamento de Medicina. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valencia. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)
| | - Beatriz Voltas Arribas
- Departamento de Medicina. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valencia. Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital de Manises
| | - Noelia Carrasco-Querol
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Terres de l'Ebre. Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol)
| | - Esther Sauras Colón
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta
| | - Carlos Sánchez Juan
- Departamento de Medicina. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valencia. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia
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Zhang J, Na X, Li Z, Ji JS, Li G, Yang H, Yang Y, Tan Y, Zhang J, Xi M, Su D, Zeng H, Wu L, Zhao A. Sarcopenic obesity is part of obesity paradox in dementia development: evidence from a population-based cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:133. [PMID: 38520024 PMCID: PMC10960494 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity, a clinical and functional condition characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, has not been investigated in relation to dementia risk and its onset. METHODS We included 208,867 participants from UK biobank, who aged 60 to 69 years at baseline. Dementia diagnoses were identified using hospital records and death register data. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the associations of obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity with dementia risk, stratified by sex. Stratified analyses were performed across dementia-related polygenic risk score (PRS). Restricted mean survival time models were established to estimate the difference and 95%CIs of dementia onset across different status. Additionally, linear regression models were employed to estimate associations of different status with brain imaging parameters. The mediation effects of chronic diseases were also examined. RESULTS Obese women with high PRS had a decreased risk (HR = 0.855 [0.761-0.961]), but obese men with low PRS had an increased risk (HR = 1.223 [1.045-1.431]). Additionally, sarcopenia was associated with elevated dementia risk (HRwomen = 1.323 [1.064-1.644]; HRmen = 2.144 [1.753-2.621]) in those with low PRS. Among those with high PRS, however, the association was only significant in early-life (HRwomen = 1.679 [1.355-2.081]; HRmen = 2.069 [1.656-2.585]). Of note, sarcopenic obesity was associated with higher dementia risk (HRwomen = 1.424 [1.227-1.653]; HRmen = 1.989 [1.702-2.323]), and results remained similar stratified by PRS. Considering dementia onset, obesity was associated with dementia by 1.114 years delayed in women, however, 0.170 years advanced in men. Sarcopenia (women: 0.080 years; men: 0.192 years) and sarcopenic obesity (women: 0.109 years; men: 0.511 years) respectively advanced dementia onset. Obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity were respectively related to alterations in different brain regions. Association between sarcopenic obesity and dementia was mediated by chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia were respectively associated with increased dementia risk and advanced dementia onset to vary degree. The role of obesity in dementia may differ by sex and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibing Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefeng Tan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Menglu Xi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Donghan Su
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huatang Zeng
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Jiang M, Ren X, Han L, Zheng X. Associations between sarcopenic obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease: A population-based cohort study among middle-aged and older adults using the CHARLS. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:796-802. [PMID: 38350287 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that sarcopenia was associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, little is known about the associations between sarcopenic obesity/possibly sarcopenic obesity and the risk of CVD among senior and middle-aged adults. METHODS Utilizing the nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a sum of 7703 individuals aged at least 45 years were divided into four groups. The effects of sarcopenic obesity and possibly sarcopenic obesity on CVD were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Non-sarcopenic participants with optimal body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) served as a control group. RESULTS Sarcopenic obesity were related to increased risks of CVD (HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.16-1.67), heart disease (HR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.10-1.67) and stroke (HR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.02-1.92) compared with the optimal reference group. Similarly, the risk of CVD, heart disease and stroke increased by 0.34, 0.28 and 0.39 times in obese people with possible sarcopenia compared to the control group. Sensitivity analysis identified similar results to those described above. Patients with sarcopenia and a BMI ≥28.0 kg/m2 had a 1.47- and 1.48-fold risk of developing CVD and heart disease than controls. CONCLUSION Sarcopenic obesity and possibly sarcopenic obesity are positively associated with the development of CVD. The middle-aged and elderly population should prevent obesity and maintain muscle mass through some interventions such as weight control and moderate exercise, which may reduce the CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglan Jiang
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiao Ren
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Longyang Han
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Mazurkiewicz Ł, Czernikiewicz K, Grygiel-Górniak B. Immunogenetic Aspects of Sarcopenic Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:206. [PMID: 38397196 PMCID: PMC10888391 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a combination of obesity and sarcopenia, with diagnostic criteria defined as impaired skeletal muscle function and altered body composition (e.g., increased fat mass and reduced muscle mass). The mechanism of SO is not yet perfectly understood; however, the pathogenesis includes aging and its complications, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and hormonal changes. Genetic background is apparent in the pathogenesis of isolated obesity, which is most often polygenic and is characterized by the additive effect of various genetic factors. The genetic etiology has not been strictly established in SO. Still, many data confirm the existence of pathogenic gene variants, e.g., Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO), beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and others with obesity. The literature on the role of these genes is scarce, and their role has not yet been thoroughly established. On the other hand, the involvement of systemic inflammation due to increased adipose tissue in SO plays a significant role in its pathophysiology through the synthesis of various cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-1Ra, IL-15, adiponectin or CRP. The lack of anti-inflammatory cytokine (e.g., IL-15) can increase SO risk, but further studies are needed to evaluate the exact mechanisms of implications of various cytokines in SO individuals. This manuscript analyses various immunogenetic and non-genetic factors and summarizes the recent findings on immunogenetics potentially impacting SO development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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Fang H, Xie F, Li K, Li M, Wu Y. Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and risk of cardiovascular diseases in United States adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:435. [PMID: 37658325 PMCID: PMC10474739 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a new obesity-related index, the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) appears to be a good predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in East Asian populations. This study aimed to validate the association between WWI and CVD in United States (US) adults and also evaluate its relationships with the prevalence of specific CVDs. METHODS The data were obtained from the 2009-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. WWI was calculated as waist circumference divided by the square root of weight, and CVD was ascertained based on self-reported physician diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the association between WWI and CVD. RESULTS A total of 21,040 participants were included. There was a positive linear relationship between WWI and the odds of CVD (P = 0.310). After adjusting for all covariates, each unit of increased WWI was associated with 48% increased risk of CVD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.74). Moreover, compared with the lowest quintile (< 10.3 cm/√kg), the multivariable-adjusted OR was 3.18 (95% CI: 1.80-5.59) in the highest quintile (≥ 11.8 cm/√kg). Besides, positive associations were also found between WWI and increased prevalence of congestive heart failure (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11-1.96), coronary heart disease (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01-1.60), angina (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06-1.96), heart attack (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.29-2.12), and stroke (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02-1.70). Subgroup analyses showed that stronger associations between WWI and CVD were detected in participants younger than 50 years of age (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High levels of WWI were significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD in US adults, particularly in people under 50 years of age. These findings indicate that WWI may be an intervention indicator to reduce the risk of CVD in the general adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.1 Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.1 Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. of China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.1 Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. of China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.1 Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. of China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, No.1 Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. of China.
- , No.1 Minde Road, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. of China.
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Gross DC, Cheever CR, Batsis JA. Understanding the development of sarcopenic obesity. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:469-488. [PMID: 37840295 PMCID: PMC10842411 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2267672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity (SarcO) is defined as the confluence of reduced muscle mass and function and excess body fat. The scientific community is increasingly recognizing this syndrome, which affects a subgroup of persons across their lifespans and places them at synergistically higher risk of significant medical comorbidity and disability than either sarcopenia or obesity alone. Joint efforts in clinical and research settings are imperative to better understand this syndrome and drive the development of urgently needed future interventions. AREAS COVERED Herein, we describe the ongoing challenges in defining sarcopenic obesity and the current state of the science regarding its epidemiology and relationship with adverse events. The field has demonstrated an emergence of data over the past decade which we will summarize in this article. While the etiology of sarcopenic obesity is complex, we present data on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that are hypothesized to promote its development, including age-related changes in body composition, hormonal changes, chronic inflammation, and genetic predisposition. EXPERT OPINION We describe emerging areas of future research that will likely be needed to advance this nascent field, including changes in clinical infrastructure, an enhanced understanding of the lifecourse, and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae C. Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - C. Ray Cheever
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John A. Batsis
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Kawada T. Cardiovascular and Liver Diseases in Subjects With Sarcopenic Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2704-2705. [PMID: 36848981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu EH, Lee HJ, Kim HJ, Kim IH, Joo JK, Na YJ. Correlation of Sarcopenic Obesity on Various Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Fracture Risk in Mid-Aged Korean Women. J Menopausal Med 2023; 29:58-65. [PMID: 37691313 PMCID: PMC10505515 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the correlation of sarcopenic obesity with various cardiometabolic risk factors and fracture risk in middle-aged Korean women. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of 1,775 women who had visited Pusan National University Hospital for routine health screenings from 2010 to 2016 were reviewed. The patients were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, nonsarcopenic, nonobese (NS-NO); group 2, nonsarcopenic, obese (NS-O); group 3, sarcopenic, nonobese (S-NO); and group 4, sarcopenic, obese (S-O). Each patient was assessed based on self-reported questionnaires and individual interviews with a healthcare provider. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) was used to assess bone fracture risk. RESULTS Postmenopausal women accounted for 68.5% of the total patient population. The proportion of each group was as follows: NS-NO, 71.2%; NS-O, 17.9%; S-NO, 10.2%; and S-O, 0.7%. Statistical analysis of various parameters associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risks revealed that the S-O group had more patients with hypertension, diabetes, osteopenia, and metabolic syndrome. The FRAX scores were significantly higher in the S-O group than in other groups. CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged women with obesity and reduced muscle mass, known as sarcopenic obesity, are at increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, sarcopenic obesity, individual cardiometabolic risks, and menopause can increase the bone fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
| | - Yong Jin Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Wei S, Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Ryu D, Gariani K. Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185221. [PMID: 37455897 PMCID: PMC10344359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in the same individual, characterized by of the co-presence of body fat accumulation and muscle loss. This condition is currently a major concern as it is associated with frailty and disabilities such as cardiovascular disease, fractures, dementia, cancer, and increased all-cause mortality. Particularly, older individuals remain at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Progress at several levels is needed to improve the global prognostic outlook for this condition, including the elaboration and implementation of a more uniform definition that may favor the identification and specification of prevalence by age group. Furthermore, improvements in the understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity may lead to the development of more specific therapeutic interventions to improve prognosis. We reviewed the knowledge on sarcopenic obesity and its associations with cardiovascular diseases and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wei
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
The obesity epidemic in aging populations poses significant public health concerns for greater morbidity and mortality risk. Age-related increased adiposity is multifactorial and often associated with reduced lean body mass. The criteria used to define obesity by body mass index in younger adults may not appropriately reflect age-related body composition changes. No consensus has been reached on the definition of sarcopenic obesity in older adults. Lifestyle interventions are generally recommended as initial therapy; however, these approaches have limitations in older adults. Similar benefits in older compared with younger adults are reported with pharmacotherapy, however, large randomized clinical trials in geriatric populations are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Malandrino
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Salman Z Bhat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maha Alfaraidhy
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rajvarun S Grewal
- California Health Sciences University - College of Osteopathic Medicine (CHSU-COM), 2500 Alluvial Avenue, Clovis, CA 93611, USA
| | - Rita Rastogi Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Center on Aging and Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 2024 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Park MJ, Choi KM. Interplay of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: sarcopenic obesity. Metabolism 2023; 144:155577. [PMID: 37127228 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is becoming a global health concern, owing to the rising older population, causing cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Loss of muscle exceeding normal age-related changes has been revealed to be associated with obesity, aggravating each other through complex interactions. Physiological regeneration and proliferation of muscle tissue are achieved through harmonious processes of regulated inflammation, autophagy, muscle satellite cell proliferation, and signaling molecule function. Adipokines and myokines are signaling molecules from adipose tissue and muscle, respectively, that exert autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effects on fat and muscle tissues. These signaling molecules interact with each other to regulate metabolic homeostasis. However, excessive adiposity creates pro-inflammatory conditions, leading to metabolic disorders and the disorganization of systemic homeostasis. Therefore, obesity impedes muscle tissue regeneration and induces the loss of muscle mass and function. Numerous studies have attempted to demonstrate the pathophysiological interaction between sarcopenia and obesity, but the interwoven matrix of the relationship between myokines and adipokines has made it difficult for researchers to understand them. This review briefly describes updated information about the crosstalk between muscle and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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He H, Pan L, Wang D, Liu F, Du J, Pa L, Wang X, Cui Z, Ren X, Wang H, Peng X, Zhao J, Shan G. The association between muscle-to-fat ratio and cardiometabolic risks: The China National Health Survey. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112155. [PMID: 36940562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between muscle mass and fat mass might be an indicator to assess the cardiometabolic risk independently from overweight/obesity, but evidence from a representative general Chinese population is lacking. OBJECTIVE To understand the age- and sex-specific associations between muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) and cardiometabolic risks in Chinese population. METHODS 31,178 (12,526 men and 18,652 women) subjects from the China National Health Survey were included. Muscle mass and fat mass were assessed by a bioelectrical impedance device. MFR was calculated as muscle mass divided by fat mass. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose and serum uric acid were measured. General linear regressions, quantile regressions and restricted cubic-spline (RCS) regressions were applied to assess the effect of MFR on cardiometabolic profiles. RESULTS Per unit increase of MFR was associated with a 0.631 (0.759-0.502) mmHg SBP decrease in men, 2.648 (3.073-2.223) in women; 0.480 (0.568-0.392) mmHg DBP decrease in men, 2.049 (2.325-1.774) in women; a 0.054 (0.062-0.046) mmol/L total cholesterol decrease in men, 0.147 (0.172-0.122) in women; 0.084 (0.098-0.070) mmol/L triglycerides decrease in men, 0.225 (0.256-0.194) in women; a 0.045 (0.054-0.037) mmol/L low-density lipoprotein decrease in men, 0.183 (0.209-0.157) in women; a 2.870 (2.235-3.506) μmol/L serum uric acid decrease in men, 13.352 (14.967-11.737) in women; and a 0.027 (0.020-0.033) mmol/L high-density lipoprotein increase in men, 0.112 (0.098-0.126) mmol/L in women. The effect in overweight/obese people was much significant than in under/normal weight counterparts. The RCS curves revealed both linear and non-linear relationships between increased MFR and lower cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS Muscle-to-fat ratio is independently associated with multiple cardiometabolic parameters among Chinese adults. Higher MFR is related with better cardiometabolic health, and the effect is much significant in overweight/obese people and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dingming Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianwei Du
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Lize Pa
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, China
| | - Xianghua Wang
- Integrated Office, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze Cui
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolan Ren
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Rivas-Campo Y, Rodríguez-López C, Carcelén-Fraile MDM, Castellote-Caballero Y, Hita-Contreras F. Does an Association among Sarcopenia and Metabolic Risk Factors Exist in People Older Than 65 Years? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:648. [PMID: 36983804 PMCID: PMC10058840 DOI: 10.3390/life13030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the generalized and progressive loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass that may be affected by metabolic factors, although this relationship has been poorly studied. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to analyze the relationship among the different metabolic risk factors and sarcopenia in people older than 65 years. Following the PRISMA 2020 guide, we searched for articles that studied the relationship among sarcopenia and metabolic risk factors in adults over 65 years of age, published between 2012 and 2022 in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Plus, and CINAHL. A total of 370 articles were identified in the initial search, of which 13 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. It was observed that metabolic risk factors such as Body Mass Index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, or triglycerides had a significant association with sarcopenia. There is evidence of the association of different metabolic risk factors with sarcopenia in adults over 65 years of age, so it is necessary to carry out studies that investigate different strategies that reduce the appearance of sarcopenia, and with it, the incidence of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | | | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of San Buenaventura-Cali, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
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Wang X, Jiang J, Hu W, Hu Y, Qin LQ, Hao Y, Dong JY. Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Heart Disease among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:752-758. [PMID: 37754215 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The vicious cycle of dynapenia and abdominal obesity may have synergistic detrimental impacts on health. We aim to investigate the prospective association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and the risk of heart disease among middle-aged and older adults. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2002-2019. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4734 participants aged 50 years and older were included. MEASUREMENTS Individuals were divided into non-dynapenia/non-abdominal obesity (ND/NAO), non-dynapenia/abdominal obesity (ND/AO), dynapenia/non-abdominal obesity (D/NAO), and dynapenia/abdominal obesity (D/AO) according to grip strength and waist circumference at baseline. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) of incident heart disease associated with dynapenia and abdominal obesity after adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 1040 cases of heart disease were recorded. Compared with ND/NAO group, the multivariable HRs were 1.05 (0.92, 1.21) for ND/AO group, 1.31 (0.96, 1.81) for D/NAO group, and 1.39 (1.03, 1.88) for D/AO group. The significant association of D/AO with incident heart disease was detected in women but not in men [HR = 1.55 (1.07, 2.24) and 1.06 (0.60, 1.88), respectively]. Among middle-aged adults, significant associations of D/NAO and D/AO with incident heart disease were observed [HR = 2.46 (1.42, 4.29) and 1.74 (1.02, 2.97), respectively]. CONCLUSION Both D/NAO and D/AO might increase the risk of developing heart disease, highlighting the importance of dynapenia and obesity early screening for heart disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Yuantao Hao, Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Tel.: 010-82805061, E-mail: ; Jia-Yi Dong, Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan; Tel: 06-6879-3911,
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Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhao WY, Ge ML, Sun XL, Jia SL, Dong BR. Association of sleep duration with sarcopenic obesity in multi-ethnic older adults: findings from the WCHAT Study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:899. [PMID: 36434541 PMCID: PMC9701023 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenic obesity is a prevalent geriatric syndrome, characterized by concurrence of sarcopenia and obesity. Sleep duration is linked to both obesity and sarcopenia. However, little was known regarding the association of sleep duration with sarcopenic obesity. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of sleep duration with sarcopenic obesity in multi-ethnic community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria established by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019. Obesity was defined as body fat percentage above the 60th percentile specified by sex. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as concurrence of obesity and sarcopenia. Sleep duration was collected by a self-reported questionnaire and was further divided into 5 groups: "<6 h", "6-7 h", "7-8 h", "8-9 h" (reference group) and "≥9 h" (long sleep). Logistic regressions were adopted to examine the association. RESULTS 2256 multi-ethnic adults aged 60 and over from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study were involved for present study. Overall, 6.25% of the participants were classified as sarcopenic obesity. In the fully adjusted model, long sleep duration (≥ 9 h) was significantly associated with sarcopenic obesity compared with reference group (OR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.10-2.98, P = 0.019). However, in subgroup analysis, this association can only be observed in male (OR 1.98, 95% CI = 1.02-3.87, P = 0.043) not in female (OR = 1.83, 95%CI = 0.85-3.94, P = 0.118). Regarding ethnic difference, Han older adults with long sleep duration (≥ 9 h) presented increased risk of sarcopenic obesity while ethnic minorities did not. CONCLUSION This study disclosed that long sleep duration significantly increased the risk of sarcopenic obesity among older adults. And our findings highlight the critical role of assessing sleep duration to identify individuals at risk of sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-yu Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-ling Ge
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-lian Sun
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-li Jia
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Bi-rong Dong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, 610041 Chengdu, China
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Zhong F, Xu Y, Lai HY, Yang M, Cheng L, Liu X, Sun X, Yang Y, Wang J, Lv W, Huang C. Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors in physically active elderly women: A randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1004863. [PMID: 36338472 PMCID: PMC9631483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1004863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise can modulate gut microbiota and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between exercise-induced changes in gut microbiota and CVD risk have not been investigated. Objective: This study determined the effects of exercise training on CVD risk and gut microbiota in physically active elderly women and whether exercise-induced gut microbiota changes were associated with CVD risk. Methods: An 8-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 14 elderly women assigned to exercise group (n = 8) or control group (n = 6). Physical function, sarcopenic obesity, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated as components of CVD risk. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine intra-group and inter-group differences. Results: A significant group × time interaction was observed for chair sit-and-reach (F = 8.262, p = 0.014), single-leg standing with eyes closed (F = 7.340, p = 0.019), waist circumference (F = 6.254, p = 0.028), and body fat mass (F = 12.263, p = 0.004), for which the exercise group showed improved trends. The exercise group exhibited significant improvements in skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.041) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.017). Regarding gut microbiota, a significant interaction was observed for the class Betaproteobacteria (F = 6.822, p = 0.023) and genus Holdemania (F = 4.852, p = 0.048). Conclusion: The 8-week exercise training improved physical function, lowered CVD risk, and modulated relative abundance of gut microbiota associated with CVD in physically active elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhong
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinger Liu
- Kunshan Old Companion Home Care Service Agency, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Cong Huang,
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20
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Zhuang M, Jin M, Lu T, Lu L, Ainsworth BE, Liu Y, Chen N. Effects of three modes of physical activity on physical fitness and hematological parameters in older people with sarcopenic obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:917525. [PMID: 36091394 PMCID: PMC9458075 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.917525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of three modes of physical activity (PA) (aerobic training [AT], resistance training [RT], and aerobic combined with resistance training [MT]) on body composition (body weight [BW], body mass index [BMI] and percentage of body fat [BF%]), muscle mass (skeletal muscle mass [SM], appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM] and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index [ASMI]), muscle strength (handgrip strength [HG] and knee extension strength [KES]), physical performance (gait speed [GS]) and hematological parameters (inflammatory markers, insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1] and lipid profiles) in older people with sarcopenic obesity (SO). Methods: We searched all studies for PA effects in older people with SO from six databases published from January 2010 to November 2021. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessed the quality of included studies. Pooled analyses for pre-and post- outcome measures were performed by Review Manager 5.4. We calculated a meta-analysis with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and the standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: 12 studies were analyzed. There were 614 older people (84.9% female) with SO, aged 58.4 to 88.4 years. Compared with a no-PA control group, AT decreased BW (SMD = −0.64, 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.16, p = 0.009, I2 = 0%) and BMI (SMD = −0.69, 95% CI: −1.18 to −0.21, p = 0.005, I2 = 0%); RT improved BF% (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.22, p < 0.0001, I2 = 38%), ASMI (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.24 to 1.21, p = 0.004, I2 = 0%), ASM (SMD = −0.94, 95% CI: −1.46 to −0.42, p = 0.0004), HG (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.91, p = 0.01, I2 = 90%) and KES (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.39, p < 0.00001, I2 = 14%); MT improved BMI (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI: −1.26 to −0.28, p = 0.002, I2 = 0%), BF% (SMD = −0.54, 95% CI: −0.83 to −0.25, p = 0.0003, I2 = 0%), ASMI (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.19, p = 0.005, I2 = 0%) and GS (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.18, p = 0.004, I2 = 37%). PA increased IGF-1 (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.66, p = 0.006, I2 = 0%), but had no effect on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles. Conclusion: PA is an effective treatment to improve body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and IGF-1 in older people with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdie Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tijiang Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linqian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Shin A, Choi SR, Han M, Ha YJ, Lee YJ, Lee EB, Kang EH. Association between sarcopenia defined as low lean mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and comorbidities of rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a nationwide cross-sectional health examination. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 57:152090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Matias-Cervantes CA, Pérez-Campos E, Romero Díaz C, Laguna Barrios LÁ, Pina Canseco MDS, Martínez Cruz M, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Solórzano Mata CJ, Rodal Canales FJ, Martínez Ruíz H, Hernández-Huerta MT. Associations of Dynapenic Obesity and Sarcopenic Obesity with the Risk of Complications in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8277. [PMID: 35955411 PMCID: PMC9368708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in body composition, such as low muscle mass (sarcopenia), decreased grip strength or physical function (dynapenia), and accumulation of fat mass. When the accumulation of fat mass synergistically accompanies low muscle mass or reduced grip strength, it results in sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity, respectively. These types of obesity contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly, which could increase the damage caused by COVID-19. In this review, we associated factors that could generate a higher risk of COVID-19 complications in dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity. For example, skeletal muscle regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and supports metabolic stress in pulmonary disease; hence, the presence of dynapenic obesity or sarcopenic obesity could be related to a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
| | | | - Carlos Romero Díaz
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Luis Ángel Laguna Barrios
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - María del Socorro Pina Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | | | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Carlos Josué Solórzano Mata
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68120, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Rodal Canales
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Héctor Martínez Ruíz
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - María Teresa Hernández-Huerta
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
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Ikeue K, Kusakabe T, Muranaka K, Yamakage H, Inoue T, Ishii K, Satoh-Asahara N. A combined index of waist circumference and muscle quality is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor accumulation in Japanese obese patients: a cross-sectional study. Endocrine 2022; 77:30-40. [PMID: 35438441 PMCID: PMC9242950 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify obese patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using a combined index of obesity and sarcopenia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we firstly conducted analysis of covariance to select each index most associated with the CVD risk score, the number of concomitant CVD risk factors, among obesity- (body mass index, percentage body fat, or waist circumference [WC]) and sarcopenia-evaluated indices (skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength, or muscle quality [MQ]), respectively in 188 Japanese obese patients (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 73 men and 115 women). Next, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare the four groups (Group A-D) classified by medians of the selected indices. RESULTS WC and MQ were selected as the indices most associated with the CVD risk scores, respectively. The CVD risk score was significantly higher in Group B (low WC and low MQ) and Group D (high WC and low MQ) with higher prevalence of diabetes as compared with Group A (low WC and high MQ). Adjusted for sex and age, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 2 were significantly higher in Group B, Group C (high WC and high MQ), and Group D compared with Group A. Furthermore, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 3 were significantly higher only in Group D compared with Group A (4.29 [95% confidence interval: 1.49-12.33], p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Combined index of WC and MQ was useful in Japanese obese patients at high risk of CVD, regardless sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ikeue
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Muranaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishii
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
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24
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de Oliveira Zanuso B, de Oliveira Dos Santos AR, Miola VFB, Gissoni Campos LM, Spilla CSG, Barbalho SM. Panax ginseng and aging related disorders: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2022; 161:111731. [PMID: 35143871 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aging process predisposes numerous homeostatic disorders, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Changes in diet and lifestyle and therapeutic adjuvants are essential to minimize the effects of comorbidities associated with aging. Natural products such as Panax ginseng have been used to treat and prevent diseases related to aging. This review aims to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng in various conditions associated with aging, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The ginsenosides, chemical constituents found in Panax ginseng, can inhibit the effects of inflammatory cytokines, inhibit signaling pathways that induce inflammation, and inhibit cells that participate in inflammatory processes. Besides, ginsenosides are involved in neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system due to anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The use of ginseng extract showed actions on lipid homeostasis, positively regulating high-density lipoprotein, down-regulating low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, and producing beneficial effects on vascular endothelial function. The use of this plant in cancer resulted in improved quality of life and mood. It decreased symptoms of fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and dyspnea, reducing anxiety. Panax ginseng has been shown to exert potent therapeutic benefits that can act as a complementary treatment in managing patients with chronic diseases related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara de Oliveira Zanuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita de Oliveira Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila M Gissoni Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Sergio Galina Spilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Chen PH, Chang CH, Lin WS, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. S-allylcysteine Ameliorates Aging Features Via Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Naturally Aged C57BL/6J Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101077. [PMID: 35092643 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE S-allylcysteine (SAC) is the most abundant organosulfur molecule derived from aged garlic. We evaluated the effects of S-allylcysteine (SAC) on improving aging in naturally aged C57BL/6J male mice and mitochondrial dynamics in C. elegans and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS When mice had attained reproductive senescence at 60 weeks of age, SAC was supplemented to 0.05% and 0.2% into their normal diet for 12 weeks The results showed that SAC could significantly improve the level of hepatic OPA1 mRNA, which is a key factor for mitochondrial fusion, and consequently elevated the mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins SIRT1 and PGC-1α, thus ameliorating oxidative stress, such as MDA in the liver and 8-OHdG in urine. Among the biochemical markers of aging, SAC significantly reduced liver GLB1 and SA-βgal, which were induced by replicative senescence. The mitochondria with GFP-tagged transgenic strain SJ4103 C. elegans was incubated with 5 or 50 μM SAC, and SAC treated groups maintained the linear morphology of mitochondria. CONCLUSION SAC regulated mitochondrial dynamics and ameliorated aging to a significant degree. This study also confirmed that mitochondrial dynamics are a promising target for screening materials to combat aging and as a direction for anti-aging product development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hua Chen
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chang
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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26
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Serum Leptin Levels, Nutritional Status, and the Risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Hospitalized Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010226. [PMID: 35011102 PMCID: PMC8747117 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether serum leptin levels are predictive of the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in hospitalized older patients. In a prospective cohort, 232 patients had available data for leptin and were monitored for HAIs for 3 months. Admission data included comorbidities, invasive procedures, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), BMI, leptin, albumin and C-reactive protein levels, and CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was used to identify predictors of HAIs. Of the 232 patients (median age: 84.8; females: 72.4%), 89 (38.4%) experienced HAIs. The leptin level was associated with the BMI (p < 0.0001) and MNA (p < 0.0001) categories. Women who experienced HAIs had significantly lower leptin levels than those who did not (5.9 μg/L (2.6–17.7) and 11.8 (4.6–26.3), respectively; p = 0.01; odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval): 0.67 (0.49–0.90)); no such association was observed for men. In a multivariate analysis of the women, a lower leptin level was significantly associated with HAIs (OR = 0.70 (0.49–0.97)), independently of comorbidities, invasive medical procedures, and immune status. However, leptin was not significantly associated with HAIs after adjustments for malnutrition (p = 0.26) or albuminemia (p = 0.15)—suggesting that in older women, the association between serum leptin levels and subsequent HAIs is mediated by nutritional status.
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