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Rahimian S, Najafi H, Webber CA, Jalali H. Advances in Exosome-Based Therapies for the Repair of Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1905-1925. [PMID: 38807021 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are the term used to describe injuries that occur to the nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Such injuries may be caused by trauma, infection, or aberrant immunological response. Although the peripheral nervous system has a limited capacity for self-repair, in cases of severe damage, this process is either interrupted entirely or is only partially completed. The evaluation of variables that promote the repair of peripheral nerves has consistently been a focal point. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles that originate from cellular sources and possess abundant proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, play a critical role in facilitating intercellular communication. Due to their modifiable composition, they possess exceptional capabilities as carriers for therapeutic compounds, including but not limited to mRNAs or microRNAs. Exosome-based therapies have gained significant attention in the treatment of several nervous system diseases due to their advantageous properties, such as low toxicity, high stability, and limited immune system activation. The objective of this review article is to provide an overview of exosome-based treatments that have been developed in recent years for a range of PNIs, including nerve trauma, diabetic neuropathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), glaucoma, and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). It was concluded that exosomes could provide favorable results in the improvement of peripheral PNIs by facilitating the transfer of regenerative factors. The development of bioengineered exosome therapy for PNIs should be given more attention to enhance the efficacy of exosome treatment for PNIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rahimian
- Division of Nanobiotehnology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najafi
- Division of Nanobiotehnology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christine A Webber
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanieh Jalali
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, No. 43, South Moffateh Ave, Tehran, 15719-14911, Iran.
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2
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Zhou H, Wu W, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Jiang S, Chang L, Xie Y, Zhu J, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Xu P. Proteome overview of exosome derived from plasma of cows infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 148:102541. [PMID: 39002312 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), primarily caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a globally zoonotic disease with significant economic impacts. Plasma exosomes have been extensively used for investigating disease processes and exploring biomarkers. While mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes has been employed for human tuberculosis (TB) studies, it has not yet been applied to bTB. Therefore, a comprehensive proteomic overview of plasma exosomes from M. bovis-infected cows is essential. In this study, we presented an extensive proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes from 89 M. bovis-infected cows across three farms, using data dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. Our analysis encompasses 239,894 spectra, 6,011 peptides and 835 proteins. The proteomic overview revealed both consistencies and differences among individual cows, supplements 595 proteins to the bovine exosome library, and enriches tuberculosis and related pathways. Additionally, six pathways were validated as immune response pathways, and three proteins (CATHL1, H1-1, and LCN2) were identified as potential indicators of bTB. This study is the first to investigate the exosome proteome of plasma from cows infected with M. bovis, providing a valuable dataset for exploring candidate bTB markers and understanding the mechanisms of host defense against M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medicine Collage, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Beijing Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Songhao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhu
- Beijing Xinhui Purui Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Degang Zhou
- Beijing Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102629, China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medicine Collage, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Biomedicine, Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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3
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Moeglen-Paget B, Perumal J, Humbert G, Olivo M, Dinish US. Optofluidic photonic crystal fiber platform for sensitive and reliable fluorescence based biosensing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4281-4291. [PMID: 39022532 PMCID: PMC11249680 DOI: 10.1364/boe.527248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Biosensing plays a pivotal role in various scientific domains, offering significant contributions to medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and biotechnology. Fluorescence biosensing relies on the fluorescence emission from labelled biomolecules to enable sensitive and selective identification and quantification of specific biological targets in various samples. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have led to the development of optofluidic fibers enabling efficient light-liquid interaction within small liquid volume. Herein, we present the development of a user-friendly optofluidic-fiber platform with simple hardware requirements for sensitive and reliable fluorescence biosensing with high measurement repeatability. We demonstrate a sensitivity improvement of the fluorescence emission up to 17 times compared to standard cuvette measurement, with a limit of detection of Cy5 fluorophore as low as 100 pM. The improvement in measurement repeatability is exploited for detecting haptoglobin protein, a relevant biomarker to diagnose several diseases, by using commercially available Cy5 labelled antibodies. The study aims to showcase an optofluidic platform leveraging the benefits provided by optofluidic fibers, which encompass easy light injection, robustness, and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Moeglen-Paget
- Xlim Research Institute, UMR 7252, CNRS, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87000 Limoges, France
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jayakumar Perumal
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Georges Humbert
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #07-01 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Xlim Research Institute, UMR 7252, CNRS, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - U S Dinish
- Xlim Research Institute, UMR 7252, CNRS, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87000 Limoges, France
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4
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Jiang D, Jiao L, Li Q, Xie R, Jia H, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu S, Huang D, Zheng J, Song W, Li Y, Chen J, Li J, Ying B, Yu L. Neutrophil-derived migrasomes are an essential part of the coagulation system. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1110-1123. [PMID: 38997457 PMCID: PMC11251984 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Migrasomes are organelles that are generated by migrating cells. Here we report the key role of neutrophil-derived migrasomes in haemostasis. We found that a large number of neutrophil-derived migrasomes exist in the blood of mice and humans. Compared with neutrophil cell bodies and platelets, these migrasomes adsorb and enrich coagulation factors on the surface. Moreover, they are highly enriched with adhesion molecules, which enable them to preferentially accumulate at sites of injury, where they trigger platelet activation and clot formation. Depletion of neutrophils, or genetic reduction of the number of these migrasomes, significantly decreases platelet plug formation and impairs coagulation. These defects can be rescued by intravenous injection of purified neutrophil-derived migrasomes. Our study reveals neutrophil-derived migrasomes as a previously unrecognized essential component of the haemostasis system, which may shed light on the cause of various coagulation disorders and open therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Renxiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haohao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - ShiHui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - JianFeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Kim M, Song CY, Lee JS, Ahn YR, Choi J, Lee SH, Shin S, Na HJ, Kim HO. Exosome Isolation Using Chitosan Oligosaccharide Lactate-1-Pyrenecarboxylic Acid-Based Self-Assembled Magnetic Nanoclusters. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303782. [PMID: 38430208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in intercellular communication and offer significant potential for a wide range of biomedical applications. However, conventional methods for exosome isolation have limitations in terms of purity, scalability, and preservation of exosome structural integrity. To address these challenges, an exosome isolation platform using chitosan oligosaccharide lactate conjugated 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (COL-Py) based self-assembled magnetic nanoclusters (CMNCs), is presented. CMNCs are characterized to optimize their size, stability, and interaction dynamics with exosomes. The efficiency of CMNCs in isolating exosomes is systematically evaluated using various analytical methods to demonstrate their ability to capture exosomes based on amphiphilic lipid bilayers. CMNC-based exosome isolation consistently yields exosomes with structural integrity and purity similar to those obtained using traditional methods. The reusability of CMNCs over multiple exosome isolation cycles underscores their scalability and offers an efficient solution for biomedical applications. These results are supported by western blot analysis, which demonstrated the superiority of CMNC-based isolation in terms of purity compared to conventional methods. By providing a scalable and efficient exosome isolation process that preserves both structural integrity and purity, CMNCs can constitute a new platform that can contribute to the field of exosome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minse Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Song
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sil Lee
- Hauulbio, 32, Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Rim Ahn
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SoJin Shin
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Na
- Hauulbio, 32, Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
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6
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Silver BB, Kreutz A, Weick M, Gerrish K, Tokar EJ. Biomarkers of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: toward precision prevention using extracellular vesicles. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1393930. [PMID: 38706609 PMCID: PMC11066856 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1393930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Detrimental side effects of drugs like doxorubicin, which can cause cardiotoxicity, pose barriers for preventing cancer progression, or treating cancer early through molecular interception. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are valued for their potential as biomarkers of human health, chemical and molecular carcinogenesis, and therapeutics to treat disease at the cellular level. EVs are released both during normal growth and in response to toxicity and cellular death, playing key roles in cellular communication. Consequently, EVs may hold promise as precision biomarkers and therapeutics to prevent or offset damaging off-target effects of chemotherapeutics. EVs have promise as biomarkers of impending cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapies and as cardioprotective therapeutic agents. However, EVs can also mediate cardiotoxic cues, depending on the identity and past events of their parent cells. Understanding how EVs mediate signaling is critical toward implementing EVs as therapeutic agents to mitigate cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapies. For example, it remains unclear how mixtures of EV populations from cells exposed to toxins or undergoing different stages of cell death contribute to signaling across cardiac tissues. Here, we present our perspective on the outlook of EVs as future clinical tools to mitigate chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, both as biomarkers of impending cardiotoxicity and as cardioprotective agents. Also, we discuss how heterogeneous mixtures of EVs and transient exposures to toxicants may add complexity to predicting outcomes of exogenously applied EVs. Elucidating how EV cargo and signaling properties change during dynamic cellular events may aid precision prevention of cardiotoxicity in anticancer treatments and development of safer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Silver
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anna Kreutz
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Inotiv, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Madeleine Weick
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
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7
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Saleh RO, Hjazi A, Bansal P, Ahmad I, Kaur H, Ali SHJ, Deorari M, Abosaoda MK, Hamzah HF, Mohammed BA. Mysterious interactions between macrophage-derived exosomes and tumors; what do we know? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155261. [PMID: 38518733 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Through their ability to modify the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells, macrophages play a crucial role in the promotion of tumorigenesis, development of tumors and metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. A growing body of research has indicated that exosomes may be essential for coordinating the communication between cancer cells and macrophages. One type of extracellular vehicle called an exosome is utilized for delivering a variety of molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to specific cells in order to produce pleiotropic effects. Exosomes derived from macrophages exhibit heterogeneity across various cancer types and function paradoxically, suppressing tumor growth while stimulating it, primarily through post-transcriptional control and protein phosphorylation regulation in the receiving cells. Exosomes released by various macrophage phenotypes offer a variety of therapeutic alternatives in the interim. We outlined the most recent developments in this article, including our understanding of the roles that mechanisms and macrophage-derived exosomal biogenesis play in mediating the progression of cancer and their possible therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India.
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India.
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of medical laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of pharmacy, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of pharmacy, the Islamic University of Babylon, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
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8
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Gupta R, Gupta J, Roy S. Exosomes: Key Players for Treatment of Cancer and Their Future Perspectives. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:118-147. [PMID: 38407852 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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9
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Inyang KE, Evans CM, Heussner M, Petroff M, Reimers M, Vermeer PD, Tykocki N, Folger JK, Laumet G. HPV+ head and neck cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles communicate with TRPV1+ neurons to mediate cancer pain. Pain 2024; 165:608-620. [PMID: 37678566 PMCID: PMC10915104 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe pain is often experienced by patients with head and neck cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite its frequency and severity, current treatments fail to adequately control cancer-associated pain because of our lack of mechanistic understanding. Although recent works have shed some light of the biology underlying pain in HPV-negative oral cancers, the mechanisms mediating pain in HPV+ cancers remain unknown. Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (cancer-sEVs) are well positioned to function as mediators of communication between cancer cells and neurons. Inhibition of cancer-sEV release attenuated pain in tumor-bearing mice. Injection of purified cancer-sEVs is sufficient to induce pain hypersensitivity in naive mice that is prevented by QX-314 treatment and in Trpv1-/- mice. Cancer-sEVs triggered calcium influx in nociceptors, and inhibition or ablation of nociceptors protects against cancer pain. Interrogation of published sequencing data of human sensory neurons exposed to human cancer-sEVs suggested a stimulation of protein translation in neurons. Induction of translation by cancer-sEVs was validated in our mouse model, and its inhibition alleviated cancer pain in mice. In summary, our work reveals that HPV+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-derived sEVs alter TRPV1+ neurons by promoting nascent translation to mediate cancer pain and identified several promising therapeutic targets to interfere with this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M. Evans
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew Heussner
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Margaret Petroff
- Department of Pathology Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI
| | - Mark Reimers
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Paola D. Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Nathan Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Joseph K. Folger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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10
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Lo KJ, Wang MH, Ho CT, Pan MH. Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A New Revolutionization of Modern Healthy Diets and Biomedical Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2853-2878. [PMID: 38300835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have recently emerged as a promising area of research due to their potential health benefits and biomedical applications. Produced by various plant species, these EVs contain diverse bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Increasing in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that PDEVs have inherent pharmacological activities that affect cellular processes, exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, which can potentially contribute to disease therapy and improve human health. Additionally, PDEVs have shown potential as efficient and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles in treating various diseases. However, while PDEVs serve as a potential rising star in modern healthy diets and biomedical applications, further research is needed to address their underlying knowledge gaps, especially the lack of standardized protocols for their isolation, identification, and large-scale production. Furthermore, the safety and efficacy of PDEVs in clinical applications must be thoroughly evaluated. In this review, we concisely discuss current knowledge in the PDEV field, including their characteristics, biomedical applications, and isolation methods, to provide an overview of the current state of PDEV research. Finally, we discuss the challenges regarding the current and prospective issues for PDEVs. This review is expected to provide new insights into healthy diets and biomedical applications of vegetables and fruits, inspiring new advances in natural food-based science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jiun Lo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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11
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Thomas S, Kaur J, Kamboj R, Thangariyal S, Yadav R, Kumar K, Dhania NK. Investigate the efficacy of size exclusion chromatography for the isolation of extracellular vesicles from C. elegans. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1233:123982. [PMID: 38176095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has been done extensively in the past using ultracentrifugation, a recent shift has been observed towards precipitation, and exosome isolation kits. These methods often co-elute contaminants of similar size and density which makes their detection and downstream applications quite challenging. As well as the EV yield is also compromised in some methodologies due to aggregate formation. In recent reports, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is replacing density gradient-based ultracentrifugation as the gold standard of exosome isolation. It outperforms in yield, purity and does not account for any physical damage to the EVs. We have standardized the methodology for an efficient pure yield of homogenous exosomes of size even smaller than 75 nm in Caenorhabditis elegans homogenate. The paper entails the application and optimization of EV isolation by SEC based on previous studies by optimizing bed size and type of sepharose column employed. We propose that this method is economically feasible in comparison with currently available approaches. A comparative study was conducted to investigate the performance of CL-6B in relation to CL-2B and further, this was combined with ultracentrifugation for higher efficacy. The methodology could be introduced in a clinical setting due to its therapeutic potential and scope. The eluted EVs were studied by flow cytometry, nanotracking and characterized for size and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Thomas
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Robinsh Kamboj
- USIC, Faculty of Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Swati Thangariyal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi 110070, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Narender K Dhania
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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12
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Wang T, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Xue Y, Xiao Z, Zhou Y, Peng X. Exosomes and exosome composite scaffolds in periodontal tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1287714. [PMID: 38304105 PMCID: PMC10831513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1287714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Promoting complete periodontal regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues, including dental cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, is one of the challenges in the treatment of periodontitis. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new treatment strategies for periodontitis. Exosomes generated from stem cells are now a promising alternative to stem cell therapy, with therapeutic results comparable to those of their blast cells. It has great potential in regulating immune function, inflammation, microbiota, and tissue regeneration and has shown good effects in periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, periodontal tissue engineering combines exosomes with biomaterial scaffolds to maximize the therapeutic advantages of exosomes. Therefore, this article reviews the progress, challenges, and prospects of exosome and exosome-loaded composite scaffolds in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanxing Zhou
- Institute of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanye Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziteng Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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13
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Sharma S, Rana R, Prakash P, Ganguly NK. Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:127-170. [PMID: 37016182 PMCID: PMC10072821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor. In recent decades, several efforts have been made to eradicate this disease. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the standard treatment options for these tumors. Drug therapy comes to play its role when both surgery and radiotherapy fail to treat the tumor. This mostly happens when the tumors are close to vital brain structures and are nonbenign. Although a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, alkylating agents, endocrine drugs, interferon, and targeted molecular pathway inhibitors have been studied, the roles of numerous drugs remain unexplored. Recent interest is growing toward studying and engineering exosomes for the treatment of different types of cancer including meningioma. The latest studies have shown the involvement of exosomes in the theragnostic of various cancers such as the lung and pancreas in the form of biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and vaccines. Proper attention to this new emerging technology can be a boon in finding the consistent treatment of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
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14
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Ramírez O, Pomareda F, Olivares B, Huang YL, Zavala G, Carrasco-Rojas J, Álvarez S, Leiva-Sabadini C, Hidalgo V, Romo P, Sánchez M, Vargas A, Martínez J, Aguayo S, Schuh CMAP. Aloe vera peel-derived nanovesicles display anti-inflammatory properties and prevent myofibroblast differentiation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155108. [PMID: 37844380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera (AV) is a medicinal plant, most known for its beneficial effects on a variety of skin conditions. Its known active compounds include carbohydrates and flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, among others. In the past decade, plant nanovesicles (NVs) have gained considerable interest as interkingdom communicators, presenting an opportunity for clinical standardization of natural products. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of AVpNVs for the treatment of burn wounds. METHODS AVpNVs were isolated and characterized regarding vesicle yield (nanoparticle tracking analysis) and structure (transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy), as well as their protein content with proteomics. We assessed key characteristics for treating burn wounds in vitro, such as the anti-inflammatory potential in LPS-stimulated macrophages and keratinocytes, and the effect of AVpNVs on myofibroblast differentiation and contraction. KEY FINDINGS AVpNVs presented a homogenous NV population, vesicular shape, and NV-associated protein markers. AVpNVs significantly decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, AVpNVs inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and significantly decreased their contractile potential in collagen matrices. Observed effects were linked to proteins identified in the isolates through proteomics analysis. CONCLUSION AVpNVs displayed characteristics as an inflammatory modulator, while simultaneously diminishing myofibroblast differentiation and contraction. Novel strategies for burn wound treatment seek to decrease scarring on a cellular and molecular level in the early stages of wound healing, which makes AVpNVs a promising candidate for future plant-vesicle-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Ramírez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Florencia Pomareda
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ya-Lin Huang
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Zavala
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Carrasco-Rojas
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Álvarez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Leiva-Sabadini
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Hidalgo
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Romo
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Sánchez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Vargas
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Martínez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Dentistry School, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Zhang J, Shi M, Wang J, Li F, Du C, Su G, Xie X, Li S. Novel Strategies for Angiogenesis in Tissue Injury: Therapeutic Effects of iPSCs-Derived Exosomes. Angiology 2023:33197231213192. [PMID: 37933764 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231213192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration after tissue injury is a dynamic and complex process, and angiogenesis is necessary for normal physiological activities and tissue repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells are a new approach in regenerative medicine, which provides good model for the study of difficult-to-obtain human tissues, patient-specific therapy, and tissue repair. As an innovative cell-free therapeutic strategy, the main advantages of the treatment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived exosomes are low in tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, which become an important pathway for tissue injury. This review focuses on the mechanism of the angiogenic effect of iPSCs-derived exosomes on wound repair in tissue injury and their potential therapeutic targets, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the use of iPSCs-derived exosomes in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Maoning Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Gansu Province Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiweng Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Boahen A, Hu D, Adams MJ, Nicholls PK, Greene WK, Ma B. Bidirectional crosstalk between the peripheral nervous system and lymphoid tissues/organs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254054. [PMID: 37767094 PMCID: PMC10520967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) influences the immune system generally by regulating the systemic concentration of humoral substances (e.g., cortisol and epinephrine), whereas the peripheral nervous system (PNS) communicates specifically with the immune system according to local interactions/connections. An imbalance between the components of the PNS might contribute to pathogenesis and the further development of certain diseases. In this review, we have explored the "thread" (hardwiring) of the connections between the immune system (e.g., primary/secondary/tertiary lymphoid tissues/organs) and PNS (e.g., sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems (ENS)) in health and disease in vitro and in vivo. Neuroimmune cell units provide an anatomical and physiological basis for bidirectional crosstalk between the PNS and the immune system in peripheral tissues, including lymphoid tissues and organs. These neuroimmune interactions/modulation studies might greatly contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which the PNS possibly affects cellular and humoral-mediated immune responses or vice versa in health and diseases. Physical, chemical, pharmacological, and other manipulations of these neuroimmune interactions should bring about the development of practical therapeutic applications for certain neurological, neuroimmunological, infectious, inflammatory, and immunological disorders/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Boahen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri-Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dailun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Murray J. Adams
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Philip K. Nicholls
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Wayne K. Greene
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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17
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Jiang D, Li Y, Yu L. Detection, Purification, Characterization, and Manipulation of Migrasomes. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e856. [PMID: 37540780 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Migrasomes are newly discovered cellular organelles, first described in 2015, that are formed by migrating cells. During migration, cells leave behind long membrane tethers called retraction fibers. Numerous micrometer-scale vesicles grow from the tips or junctions of these fibers, which we have named migrasomes. Migrasomes play important roles in various physiological processes, including releasing signaling factors to ensure organ morphogenesis during zebrafish embryo development, transferring mRNAs among cells, disposing of damaged mitochondria from the cell to maintain cell homeostasis, and secreting pro-angiogenic molecules to promote angiogenesis during chicken embryo development. Migrasomes are beginning to attract the attention of researchers in multiple fields. Here, we summarize the most commonly used protocols for migrasome detection using fluorescence microscopy imaging, purification through density-gradient centrifugation, characterization using electron microscopy (EM) imaging and biochemical analysis, and manipulation of migrasomes by targeting integrins and tetraspanins. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Detection and observation of migrasomes by fluorescence microscopy imaging Basic Protocol 2: Purification of migrasomes from cultured cell lines and embryos by density-gradient centrifugation Basic Protocol 3: Characterization of migrasomes by electron microscopy imaging and biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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18
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Afonso GJM, Cavaleiro C, Valero J, Mota SI, Ferreiro E. Recent Advances in Extracellular Vesicles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Emergent Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:1763. [PMID: 37443797 PMCID: PMC10340215 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons, leading to paralysis and death. It is a rare disease characterized by high patient-to-patient heterogeneity, which makes its study arduous and complex. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players in the development of ALS. Thus, ALS phenotype-expressing cells can spread their abnormal bioactive cargo through the secretion of EVs, even in distant tissues. Importantly, owing to their nature and composition, EVs' formation and cargo can be exploited for better comprehension of this elusive disease and identification of novel biomarkers, as well as for potential therapeutic applications, such as those based on stem cell-derived exosomes. This review highlights recent advances in the identification of the role of EVs in ALS etiopathology and how EVs can be promising new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo J. M. Afonso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.J.M.A.); (C.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.J.M.A.); (C.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra I. Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.J.M.A.); (C.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.J.M.A.); (C.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Agborbesong E, Bissler J, Li X. Liquid Biopsy at the Frontier of Kidney Diseases: Application of Exosomes in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1367. [PMID: 37510273 PMCID: PMC10379367 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy techniques, especially the use of urine analysis, represent a paradigm shift in the identification of biomarkers, with considerable implications for clinical practice in the field of nephrology. In kidney diseases, the use of this non-invasive tool to identify specific and sensitive biomarkers other than plasma creatinine and the glomerular filtration rate is becoming crucial for the diagnosis and assessment of a patient's condition. In recent years, studies have drawn attention to the importance of exosomes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in kidney diseases. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure, composed of a variety of biologically active substances. In the context of kidney diseases, studies have demonstrated that exosomes are valuable carriers of information and are delivery vectors, rendering them appealing candidates as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles with beneficial therapeutic outcomes for kidney diseases. This review summarizes the applications of exosomes in kidney diseases, emphasizing the current biomarkers of renal diseases identified from urinary exosomes and the therapeutic applications of exosomes with reference to drug delivery and immunomodulation. Finally, we discuss the challenges encountered when using exosomes for therapeutic purposes and how these may affect its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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20
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Ngo L, Pham LQA, Tukova A, Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A, Zhang W, Wang Y. Emerging integrated SERS-microfluidic devices for analysis of cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2023. [PMID: 37314042 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are specific subgroups of lipid bilayer vesicles secreted from cancer cells to the extracellular environment. They carry distinct biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) from their parent cancer cells. Therefore, the analysis of cancer-derived sEVs can provide valuable information for cancer diagnosis. However, the use of cancer-derived sEVs in clinics is still limited due to their small size, low amounts in circulating fluids, and heterogeneous molecular features, making their isolation and analysis challenging. Recently, microfluidic technology has gained great attention for its ability to isolate sEVs in minimal volume. In addition, microfluidics allows the isolation and detection of sEVs to be integrated into a single device, offering new opportunities for clinical application. Among various detection techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a promising candidate for integrating with microfluidic devices due to its ultra-sensitivity, stability, rapid readout, and multiplexing capability. In this tutorial review, we start with the design of microfluidics devices for isolation of sEVs and introduce the key factors to be considered for the design, and then discuss the integration of SERS and microfluidic devices by providing descriptive examples of the currently developed platforms. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations and provide our insights for utilising integrated SERS-microfluidics to isolate and analyse cancer-derived sEVs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ngo
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Le Que Anh Pham
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Anastasiia Tukova
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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21
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Ramesh D, Bakkannavar S, Bhat VR, Sharan K. Extracellular vesicles as novel drug delivery systems to target cancer and other diseases: Recent advancements and future perspectives. F1000Res 2023; 12:329. [PMID: 37868300 PMCID: PMC10589634 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132186.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles produced into the extracellular space by cells. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBD), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes are examples of EVs, which act as essential regulators in cell-cell communication in both normal and diseased conditions. Natural cargo molecules such as miRNA, messenger RNA, and proteins are carried by EVs and transferred to nearby cells or distant cells through the process of circulation. Different signalling cascades are then influenced by these functionally active molecules. The information to be delivered to the target cells depends on the substances within the EVs that also includes synthesis method. EVs have attracted interest as potential delivery vehicles for therapies due to their features such as improved circulation stability, biocompatibility, reduced immunogenicity, and toxicity. Therefore, EVs are being regarded as potent carriers of therapeutics that can be used as a therapeutic agent for diseases like cancer. This review focuses on the exosome-mediated drug delivery to cancer cells and the advantages and challenges of using exosomes as a carrier molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ramesh
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shankar Bakkannavar
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vinutha R Bhat
- Biochemistry, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Alternative biological sources for extracellular vesicles production and purification strategies for process scale-up. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108092. [PMID: 36608746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipidic bi-layer enclosed nanoparticles secreted naturally by all cell types. They are attracting increasing attention in the fields of nanomedicine, nutraceutics and cosmetics as biocompatible carriers for drug delivery, with intrinsic properties beneficial to human health. Scientific work now focuses on developing techniques for isolating EVs that can translate into industrial-scale production and meet rigorous clinical requirements. The science of EVs is ongoing, and many pitfalls must be addressed, such as the requirement for standard, reproducible, inexpensive, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) adherent EV processing techniques. Researchers are exploring the use of alternative sources to EVs derived from mammalian cultures, such as plant EVs, as well as the use of bacteria, algae and milk. Regarding the downstream processing of EVs, many alternative techniques to the ultracentrifugation (UC) protocols most commonly used in the laboratory are emerging. In the context of process scale-up, membrane-based processes for isolation and purification of EVs are the most promising, either as stand-alone processes or in combination with chromatographic techniques. This review discusses current trends on EVs source selection and EVs downstream processing techniques, with a focus on plant-derived EVs and membrane-based techniques for EVs enrichment.
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Sharma V, Nikolajeff F, Kumar S. Employing nanoparticle tracking analysis of salivary neuronal exosomes for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 36747288 PMCID: PMC9903484 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a set of progressive and currently incurable diseases that are primarily caused by neuron degeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases often lead to cognitive impairment and dyskinesias. It is now well recognized that molecular events precede the onset of clinical symptoms by years. Over the past decade, intensive research attempts have been aimed at the early diagnosis of these diseases. Recently, exosomes have been shown to play a pivotal role in the occurrence and progression of many diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, because exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier, they may serve as a diagnostic tool for neural dysfunction. In this review, we detail the mechanisms and current challenges of these diseases, briefly review the role of exosomes in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and propose a novel strategy based on salivary neuronal exosomes and nanoparticle tracking analysis that could be employed for screening the early onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sharma
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Nikolajeff
- grid.6926.b0000 0001 1014 8699Department of Health, Education and Technology, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden. .,Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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24
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Proteomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations with Possibly Unique Functionality. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0168622. [PMID: 36533919 PMCID: PMC9888257 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01686-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are 20- to 200-nm secreted packages of lipids, small molecules, and proteins that contribute to diverse bacterial processes. In plant systems, OMVs from pathogenic and beneficial strains elicit plant immune responses that inhibit seedling growth and protect against future pathogen challenge. Previous studies of OMV-plant interactions suggest functionally important differences in the protein composition of Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens OMVs, and that their composition and activity differ as a result of medium culture conditions. Here, we show that plant apoplast-mimicking minimal medium conditions impact OMV protein content dramatically in P. syringae but not in P. fluorescens relative to complete medium conditions. Comparative, 2-way analysis of the four conditions reveals subsets of proteins that may contribute to OMV-mediated bacterial virulence and plant immune activation as well as those involved in bacterial stress tolerance or adaptation to a beneficial relationship with plants. Additional localization enrichment analysis of these subsets suggests the presence of outer-inner membrane vesicles (OIMVs). Collectively, these results reveal distinct differences in bacterial extracellular vesicle cargo and biogenesis routes from pathogenic and beneficial plant bacteria in different medium conditions and point to distinct populations of vesicles with diverse functional roles. IMPORTANCE Recent publications have shown that bacterial vesicles play important roles in interkingdom communication between bacteria and plants. Indeed, our recently published data reveal that bacterial vesicles from pathogenic and beneficial strains elicit immune responses in plants that protect against future pathogen challenge. However, the molecules underlying these striking phenomena remain unknown. Our recent work indicated that proteins packaged in vesicles are critically important for vesicle-mediated seedling growth inhibition, often considered an indirect measure of plant immune activation. In this study, we characterize the protein cargo of vesicles from Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato DC3000 and Pseudomonas fluorescens from two different medium conditions and show that distinct subpopulations of vesicles contribute to bacterial virulence and stress tolerance. Furthermore, we reveal differences in how beneficial and pathogenic bacterial species respond to harsh environmental conditions through vesicle packaging. Importantly, we find that protein cargo implicates outer-inner membrane vesicles in bacterial stress responses, while outer membrane vesicles are packaged for virulence.
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25
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Xiao H, Ye X, Vishwakarma V, Preet R, Dixon DA. CRC-derived exosomes containing the RNA binding protein HuR promote lung cell proliferation by stabilizing c-Myc mRNA. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:139-149. [PMID: 35130122 PMCID: PMC8824215 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2034455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HuR overexpression is related to poor survival in patients with colon cancer. HuR overexpression leads to stabilization of tumor-promoting mRNAs by binding to 3′UTR-resident AREs. Exosomes, nanosized lipid bilayer vesicles, mediate many steps in cancer progression. The potential role of exosomal HuR in colon cancer lung metastasis is unclear. HuR expression was assessed immunohistochemically in tumor tissue samples from 20 patients with metastatic or nonmetastatic colon cancer and colon cancer lung metastasis and benign lung disease samples from ten patients. Exosomes were isolated from HCT116 WT and HuR KO colon cancer cells, and uptake of PKH67- and PKH26-labeled exosomes by BEAS-2B cells was evaluated using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. C-Myc and p21protein and mRNA levels were measured by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. In clinical patients, HuR overexpression was significantly enhanced in colon tissues of patients with lung metastasis. HuR expression was higher in lung tissue with metastasis of colonic origin than with benign lung disease. The effect of HuR-containing CRC exosomes compared to HuR-deficient exosomes on wound closure was observed as enhanced proliferation. BEAS-2B cell migration and invasion were enhanced after HuR-containing exosomes treatment. BEAS-2B cells showed similar uptake of PKH67 (HCT116 WT)- and PKH26 (HCT116 HuR KO)-labeled exosomes. Exosomal HuR stabilized c-Myc mRNA and downregulated p21 expression, leading to G1/S transition, in human bronchial epithelial cells. HuR overexpression is associated with lung metastasis in colon cancer patients. Exosomal HuR derived from colon cancer cells alter the biological effect on normal lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Xiong Ye
- College of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Vikalp Vishwakarma
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Ranjan Preet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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26
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Chen J, Li X, Liu H, Zhong D, Yin K, Li Y, Zhu L, Xu C, Li M, Wang C. Bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomal circular RNA improves diabetic foot ulcer wound healing by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis. Diabet Med 2022:e15031. [PMID: 36537855 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) remains a serious chronic diabetic complication that can lead to disability. CircRNA-itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circ-ITCH) was observed to be down-regulated in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy, and overexpression of circ-ITCH could inhibit the processes of these diseases. However, the detailed physiological and pathological functions of circ-ITCH in wound healing of DFU remain undetermined. METHODS Exosomes derived from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated and identified. Cell viability and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and tube formation assays, respectively. The interplays of circ-ITCH, TATA-Box-binding protein associated factor 15 (TAF15) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA were analysed by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined immunofluorescent staining and RNA pull-down assays. qRT-PCR, western blot or immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to measure the expression of circ-ITCH, TAF15, Nrf2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) and ferroptosis-related makers. The mice DFU model was established to verify the in vitro results. RESULTS Circ-ITCH was down-regulated in in vitro and in vivo models of DFU. Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelating agent, improved the viability and angiogenic ability of high glucose (HG)-treated HUVECs. Overexpression of circ-ITCH or co-cultured with exosomal circ-ITCH from BMSCs could alleviate HG-induced ferroptosis and improve the angiogenesis ability of HUVECs. Circ-ITCH in HUVECs recruited TAF15 protein to stabilize Nrf2 mRNA, thus activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway and suppressing ferroptosis. Exosomal circ-ITCH from BMSCs also accelerated the wound healing process by inhibiting ferroptosis in the DFU mice in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Exosomal circ-ITCH from BMSCs inhibited ferroptosis and improved the angiogenesis of HUVECs through activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway by recruiting TAF15 protein, ultimately accelerating the wound healing process in DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juehao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenggong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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A pan-cancer analysis of the FAT1 in human tumors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21598. [PMID: 36517565 PMCID: PMC9751142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is one of the most mutagenic genes in tumors, and several critical studies have revealed its role in tumors, although no pan-cancer studies are currently available. Therefore, we explored the potential oncogenic role of FAT1 in 33 tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omibus datasets. We found that FAT1 was strongly expressed in most tumors and significantly correlated with their prognosis. Additionally, we analyzed the association of FAT1 with tumors from multiple perspectives, including single-cell sequencing, mutations, high tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, immune cell infiltration, and immune microenvironment. Our first pan-cancer study provided a relatively comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic role of FAT1 in tumors.
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Temperini ME, Di Giacinto F, Romanò S, Di Santo R, Augello A, Polito R, Baldassarre L, Giliberti V, Papi M, Basile U, Niccolini B, Krasnowska EK, Serafino A, De Spirito M, Di Gaspare A, Ortolani M, Ciasca G. Antenna-enhanced mid-infrared detection of extracellular vesicles derived from human cancer cell cultures. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:530. [PMID: 36514065 PMCID: PMC9746222 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are sub-micrometer lipid-bound particles released by most cell types. They are considered a promising source of cancer biomarkers for liquid biopsy and personalized medicine due to their specific molecular cargo, which provides biochemical information on the state of parent cells. Despite this potential, EVs translation process in the diagnostic practice is still at its birth, and the development of novel medical devices for their detection and characterization is highly required. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate mid-infrared plasmonic nanoantenna arrays designed to detect, in the liquid and dry phase, the specific vibrational absorption signal of EVs simultaneously with the unspecific refractive index sensing signal. For this purpose, EVs are immobilized on the gold nanoantenna surface by immunocapture, allowing us to select specific EV sub-populations and get rid of contaminants. A wet sample-handling technique relying on hydrophobicity contrast enables effortless reflectance measurements with a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectro-microscope in the wavelength range between 10 and 3 µm. In a proof-of-principle experiment carried out on EVs released from human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) cells, the protein absorption bands (amide-I and amide-II between 5.9 and 6.4 µm) increase sharply within minutes when the EV solution is introduced in the fluidic chamber, indicating sensitivity to the EV proteins. A refractive index sensing curve is simultaneously provided by our sensor in the form of the redshift of a sharp spectral edge at wavelengths around 5 µm, where no vibrational absorption of organic molecules takes place: this permits to extract of the dynamics of EV capture by antibodies from the overall molecular layer deposition dynamics, which is typically measured by commercial surface plasmon resonance sensors. Additionally, the described metasurface is exploited to compare the spectral response of EVs derived from cancer cells with increasing invasiveness and metastatic potential, suggesting that the average secondary structure content in EVs can be correlated with cell malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Thanks to the high protein sensitivity and the possibility to work with small sample volumes-two key features for ultrasensitive detection of extracellular vesicles- our lab-on-chip can positively impact the development of novel laboratory medicine methods for the molecular characterization of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleonora Temperini
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy ,grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Center for Life Neuro and Nano Sciences IIT@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Santo
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Augello
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Polito
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonetta Baldassarre
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Giliberti
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Center for Life Neuro and Nano Sciences IIT@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- grid.414603.4Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Niccolini
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ewa K. Krasnowska
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalucia Serafino
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Gaspare
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.509494.5NEST, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Ortolani
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy ,grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Center for Life Neuro and Nano Sciences IIT@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Tumor-derived exosomal lincRNA ROR promotes angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 66:101868. [PMID: 36183926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are expressed aberrantly in several malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), where linc-ROR expression was found to be elevated. Being a hallmark of malignant tumors, angiogenesis has prompted us to investigate the impact of linc-ROR on NPC angiogenesis. This study demonstrates that linc-ROR is substantially expressed in serum exosomes from NPC and can be taken up by HUVECs. Using qRT-PCR, the CCK8 test, the transwell migration assay, the wound healing assay, and the tube formation assay, we demonstrated that linc-ROR increases proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Similar to prior research, our results have shown that linc-ROR can stimulate tumor angiogenesis in the zebrafish model. Thus, the p-AKT/p-VEGFR2 pathway is the mechanism by which linc-ROR affects the aforementioned biological activities. By stimulating angiogenesis, linc-ROR appears to play a significant role in the course of NPC and could account for a therapeutic target.
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Zhang J, Chen H, Chen J. Colostrum-derived exosome based system: The next-generation nucleic acid delivery system with enhanced biosafety? MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:449-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Onukwugha NE, Kang YT, Nagrath S. Emerging micro-nanotechnologies for extracellular vesicles in immuno-oncology: from target specific isolations to immunomodulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3314-3339. [PMID: 35980234 PMCID: PMC9474625 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been hypothesized to incorporate a variety of crucial roles ranging from intercellular communication to tumor pathogenesis to cancer immunotherapy capabilities. Traditional EV isolation and characterization techniques cannot accurately and with specificity isolate subgroups of EVs, such as tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) and immune-cell derived EVs, and are plagued with burdensome steps. To address these pivotal issues, multiplex microfluidic EV isolation/characterization and on-chip EV engineering may be imperative towards developing the next-generation EV-based immunotherapeutics. Henceforth, our aim is to expound the state of the art in EV isolation/characterization techniques and their limitations. Additionally, we seek to elucidate current work on total analytical system based technologies for simultaneous isolation and characterization and to summarize the immunogenic capabilities of EV subgroups, both innate and adaptive. In this review, we discuss recent state-of-art microfluidic/micro-nanotechnology based EV screening methods and EV engineering methods towards therapeutic use of EVs in immune-oncology. By venturing in this field of EV screening and immunotherapies, it is envisioned that transition into clinical settings can become less convoluted for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nna-Emeka Onukwugha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10-A184, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yoon-Tae Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10-A184, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10-A184, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Manukonda R, Yenuganti VR, Nagar N, Dholaniya PS, Malpotra S, Attem J, Reddy MM, Jakati S, Mishra DK, Reddanna P, Poluri KM, Vemuganti GK, Kaliki S. Comprehensive Analysis of Serum Small Extracellular Vesicles-Derived Coding and Non-Coding RNAs from Retinoblastoma Patients for Identifying Regulatory Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174179. [PMID: 36077715 PMCID: PMC9454787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study employed nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting, RNA sequencing, and quantitative real-time PCR validation to characterize serum-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from RB patients and age-matched controls. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze functions, and regulatory interactions between coding and non-coding (nc) sEVs RNAs. The results revealed that the isolated sEVs are round-shaped with a size < 150 nm, 5.3 × 1011 ± 8.1 particles/mL, and zeta potential of 11.1 to −15.8 mV, and expressed exosome markers CD9, CD81, and TSG101. A total of 6514 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 123 DE miRNAs, and 3634 DE lncRNAs were detected. Both miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network analysis revealed that the cell cycle-specific genes including CDKNI1A, CCND1, c-MYC, and HIF1A are regulated by hub ncRNAs MALAT1, AFAP1-AS1, miR145, 101, and 16-5p. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that eye-related DE mRNAs are involved in rod cell differentiation, cone cell development, and retinol metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the RB sEV RNAs and regulatory interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Manukonda
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Vengala Rao Yenuganti
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India or
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pankaj Singh Dholaniya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Shivani Malpotra
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Jyothi Attem
- School of Medical Sciences, Science Complex, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mamatha M. Reddy
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, India or
| | - Saumya Jakati
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Dilip K Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India or
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Geeta K. Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, Science Complex, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-40-68102502
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Salah M, Naini FB. Exosomes in craniofacial tissue reconstruction. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 44:27. [PMID: 35999408 PMCID: PMC9399332 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-022-00357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy gained interest among scientists following the discovery of its therapeutic potential. However, their clinical use has been hindered due to their immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. Relatively recently, it has been unveiled that the mechanism by which MSC promote healing is by secreting exosomes. This raised the interest in developing cell-free therapy, avoiding the obstacles that deterred the translation of MSC therapy into clinical practice. REVIEW This comprehensive narrative review summarises the current understanding of exosome biogenesis and content. Moreover, the existing research on exosome use in bone tissue engineering is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Exosome-based therapy may provide excellent potential in the field of bone tissue engineering and craniofacial reconstructive surgery. Further investigation is required before the technology can be translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhja Salah
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Farhad B Naini
- Kingston and St George's University Hospitals, London, UK.
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Hepatic, Extrahepatic and Extracellular Vesicle Cytochrome P450 2E1 in Alcohol and Acetaminophen-Mediated Adverse Interactions and Potential Treatment Options. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172620. [PMID: 36078027 PMCID: PMC9454765 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and several therapeutic drugs, including acetaminophen, are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) into toxic compounds. At low levels, these compounds are not detrimental, but higher sustained levels of these compounds can lead to life-long problems such as cytotoxicity, organ damage, and cancer. Furthermore, CYP2E1 can facilitate or enhance the effects of alcohol-drug and drug-drug interactions. In this review, we discuss the role of CYP2E1 in the metabolism of alcohol and drugs (with emphasis on acetaminophen), mediating injury/toxicities, and drug-drug/alcohol-drug interactions. Next, we discuss various compounds and various nutraceuticals that can reduce or prevent alcohol/drug-induced toxicity. Additionally, we highlight experimental outcomes of alcohol/drug-induced toxicity and potential treatment strategies. Finally, we cover the role and implications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing CYP2E1 in hepatic and extrahepatic cells and provide perspectives on the clinical relevance of EVs containing CYP2E1 in intracellular and intercellular communications leading to drug-drug and alcohol-drug interactions. Furthermore, we provide our perspectives on CYP2E1 as a druggable target using nutraceuticals and the use of EVs for targeted drug delivery in extrahepatic and hepatic cells, especially to treat cellular toxicity.
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Differentiated kidney tubular cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhance maturation of tubuloids. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:326. [PMID: 35841001 PMCID: PMC9284832 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is rapidly increasing with the need for regenerative therapies. Adult stem cell derived kidney tubuloids have the potential to functionally mimic the adult kidney tubule, but still lack the expression of important transport proteins needed for waste removal. Here, we investigated the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from matured kidney tubular epithelial cells to modulate in vitro tubuloids functional maturation. We focused on organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), one of the most important proteins involved in endogenous waste excretion. First, we show that EVs from engineered proximal tubule cells increased the expression of several transcription factors and epithelial transporters, resulting in improved OAT1 transport capacity. Next, a more in-depth proteomic data analysis showed that EVs can trigger various biological pathways, including mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which is crucial in the tubular epithelial maturation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the combination of EVs and tubuloid-derived cells can be used as part of a bioartificial kidney to generate a tight polarized epithelial monolayer with formation of dense cilia structures. In conclusion, EVs from kidney tubular epithelial cells can phenotypically improve in vitro tubuloid maturation, thereby enhancing their potential as functional units in regenerative or renal replacement therapies.
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Recent progress on microfluidic devices with incorporated 1D nanostructures for enhanced extracellular vesicle (EV) separation. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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He C, Dai M, Zhou X, Long J, Tian W, Yu M. Comparison of two cell-free therapeutics derived from adipose tissue: small extracellular vesicles versus conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:86. [PMID: 35241142 PMCID: PMC8895642 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free therapy has been inspired as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of traditional stem cell therapy. However, the therapeutic effect between extracellular vesicles and conditioned medium with the same source had not been compared. Our previous studies have shown that both the conditioned medium of adipose tissue (adipose tissue extract, ATE) and its further purification product small extracellular vesicles (sEV-AT) contributed to adipose tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to compare the ATE and sEV-AT in composition, inductivity on cells and de novo adipose regenerative potential. METHODS The characteristics of sEV-AT and ATE were compared through protein and particle yield, particle size distribution and composition. The inductivity of sEV-AT and ATE on cells were compared through co-culture of sEV-AT or ATE with ASC, HUVEC and RAW264.7 in vitro. The capacity of promoting de novo adipogenesis was compared by implanting the silicone tube containing sEV-AT or ATE subcutaneously in vivo. RESULTS More particles and concentrated particle size distribution were detected in sEV-AT. In turn, more soluble factors and multiple peaks in particle size distribution were detected in ATE. In 1662 common proteins of sEV-AT and ATE, there were 984 (59.2%) proteins enriched twice more in sEV-AT than in ATE. With the prerequisite of equivalent protein concentration, sEV-AT outperformed ATE in promoting proliferation, migration and regeneration potential of cells those contributing adipose tissue regeneration in vitro. Furthermore, sEV-AT expedited the de novo adipose tissue regeneration and angiogenesis at the early stage than ATE in vivo, but sEV-AT and ATE group formed similar neoadipose tissue and new vessels at week 12. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided a direct comparison between EV and conditioned medium as cell-free therapeutic strategy. Both sEV and ATE had specific biological signature to facilitate tissue repair. Considering the convenience of extraction and acceptable effect, ATE represented a feasible product of cell-free therapy, providing another option for different situations in clinical application. Furthermore, the complex contents of both sEV-AT and ATE should be studied comprehensively to avoid possible negative effects and to ensure sufficient safety for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minjia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Aguiar Koga BA, Fernandes LA, Fratini P, Sogayar MC, Carreira ACO. Role of MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles in tissue repair and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1047094. [PMID: 36935901 PMCID: PMC10014555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1047094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue homeostasis and repair, secreting vesicles to the extracellular environment. Isolated exosomes were shown to affect angiogenesis, immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. Numerous efforts have been dedicated to describe the mechanism of action of these extracellular vesicles (EVs) and guarantee their safety, since the final aim is their therapeutic application in the clinic. The major advantage of applying MSC-derived EVs is their low or inexistent immunogenicity, prompting their use as drug delivery or therapeutic agents, as well as wound healing, different cancer types, and inflammatory processes in the neurological and cardiovascular systems. MSC-derived EVs display no vascular obstruction effects or apparent adverse effects. Their nano-size ensures their passage through the blood-brain barrier, demonstrating no cytotoxic or immunogenic effects. Several in vitro tests have been conducted with EVs obtained from different sources to understand their biology, molecular content, signaling pathways, and mechanisms of action. Application of EVs to human therapies has recently become a reality, with clinical trials being conducted to treat Alzheimer's disease, retina degeneration, and COVID-19 patients. Herein, we describe and compare the different extracellular vesicles isolation methods and therapeutic applications regarding the tissue repair and regeneration process, presenting the latest clinical trial reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Andrade Aguiar Koga
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Group (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Alves Fernandes
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Group (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Group (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira, ,
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Corrado C, Barreca MM, Zichittella C, Alessandro R, Conigliaro A. Molecular Mediators of RNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123355. [PMID: 34943863 PMCID: PMC8699260 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) cooperate in the gene regulatory networks with other biomolecules, including coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in transcriptional and translation regulation at different levels. Intriguingly, ncRNAs can be packed in vesicles, released in the extracellular space, and finally internalized by receiving cells, thus affecting gene expression also at distance. This review focuses on the mechanisms through which the ncRNAs can be selectively packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corrado
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Zichittella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Li H, Feng Y, Zheng X, Jia M, Mei Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou M, Li C. M2-type exosomes nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy via macrophage re-polarization. J Control Release 2021; 341:16-30. [PMID: 34793917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between the activities of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induces synovial inflammation and autoimmunity, leading to joint damage. Here we encapsulated a plasmid DNA encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 pDNA) and the chemotherapeutic drug betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) into biomimetic vector M2 exosomes (M2 Exo) derived from M2-type macrophages. We demonstrate that the loaded exosomes target and reduce inflammation for combined therapy against RA. The in vitro efficiency of the M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP co-delivery system was attributed to the synergistic effect of IL-10 pDNA and BSP, which also promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and increasing the expression of IL-10 cytokine. In a mouse model of RA, M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP showed good accumulation at inflamed joint sites, high anti-inflammatory activity, and potent therapeutic effect. The delivery system was non-toxic both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this system may serve as a promising biocompatible drug carrier and anti-inflammatory agent for RA treatment based on M1-to-M2 macrophage re-polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiu Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mei
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Exosomes as a New Delivery Vehicle in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101644. [PMID: 34683937 PMCID: PMC8539337 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic relapsing inflammatory disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is still unclear, which may involve environmental factors, genetic factors, intestinal microbiota disorder, and abnormal immune responses. Exosomes (30–150 nm) are found in various body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and regulate cell biological activity by carrying non-coding RNAs, proteins, and lipids. There is evidence that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. In view of the important roles of exosomes in the pathogenesis of IBD, this work systematically reviews the latest research progress of exosomes in IBD, especially the roles of exosomes as non-coding RNA delivery systems in the pathogenesis of IBD, including a disordered immune response, barrier function, and intestinal microbiota. The review will help to clarify the pathogenesis of IBD and explore new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for patients with IBD.
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Liu M, Mo F, Song X, He Y, Yuan Y, Yan J, Yang Y, Huang J, Zhang S. Exosomal hsa-miR-21-5p is a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12147. [PMID: 34616615 PMCID: PMC8451442 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is characterized by concealed onset, delayed diagnosis, and high fatality rates making it particularly dangerous to patients' health. The purpose of this study was to use comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification to find a new biomarker for BC diagnosis. Methods We comprehensively analyzed microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and screened out differentially-expressed (DE) miRNAs and mRNAs. We used the miRNet website to predict potential DE-miRNA target genes. Using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses on overlapping potential target genes and DE-mRNAs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then established. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape and the analysis results were visualized. We verified the expression of the most up-regulated DE-miRNA using reverse transcription and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in BC tissue. The diagnostic value of the most up-regulated DE-miRNA was further explored across three levels: plasma-derived exosomes, cells, and cell exosomes. Results Our comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental results showed that hsa-miR-21-5p was significantly up-regulated in BC tissue, cells, and exosomes. Our results also revealed that tumor-derived hsa-miR-21-5p could be packaged in exosomes and released into peripheral blood. Additionally, when evaluating the diagnostic value of plasma exosomal hsa-miR-21-5p, we found that it was significantly up-regulated in BC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis also confirmed that hsa-miR-21-5p could effectively distinguish healthy people from BC patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 86.7% and 93.3%, respectively. Conclusion This study's results showed that plasma exosomal hsa-miR-21-5p could be used as a biomarker for BC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, China.,Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fei Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, China.,Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaohan Song
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiaoyan Yan
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, China.,Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Development and Targeted Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9962194. [PMID: 34335792 PMCID: PMC8289580 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9962194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as a new drug delivery system. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied because of their tumor-homing ability and yield advantages. Considering that MSC-derived exosomes are a double-edged sword in the development, metastasis, and invasion of tumors, engineered exosomes have broad potential use. In this review, we focused on the latest development in the treatment of tumors using engineered and nonengineered MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-EXs). Nonengineered MSC-EXs exert an antitumor effect on several well-studied tumors by affecting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, engineered exosomes have promising research prospects as drug-carrying tools for the transport of miRNAs, small-molecule drugs, and proteins. Although exosomes lack uniform standards in terms of definition, separation, and purification, they still have great research value because of their unique advantages, such as high biocompatibility and low toxicity. Future studies on MSC-EXs should elucidate the mechanisms underlying their anticancer effect and the safety of their application.
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Fayazi N, Sheykhhasan M, Soleimani Asl S, Najafi R. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: a New Strategy of Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3494-3514. [PMID: 33745116 PMCID: PMC7981389 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-term symptomatic treatment and dose-dependent side effects of pharmacological treatment for neurodegenerative diseases have forced the medical community to seek an effective treatment for this serious global health threat. Therapeutic potential of stem cell for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders was identified in 1980 when fetal nerve tissue was used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Then, extensive studies have been conducted to develop this treatment strategy for neurological disease therapy. Today, stem cells and their secretion are well-known as a therapeutic environment for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This new paradigm has demonstrated special characteristics related to this treatment, including neuroprotective and neurodegeneration, remyelination, reduction of neural inflammation, and recovery of function after induced injury. However, the exact mechanism of stem cells in repairing nerve damage is not yet clear; exosomes derived from them, an important part of their secretion, are introduced as responsible for an important part of such effects. Numerous studies over the past few decades have evaluated the therapeutic potential of exosomes in the treatment of various neurological diseases. In this review, after recalling the features and therapeutic history, we will discuss the latest stem cell-derived exosome-based therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashmin Fayazi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Aasebø E, Brenner AK, Birkeland E, Tvedt THA, Selheim F, Berven FS, Bruserud Ø. The Constitutive Extracellular Protein Release by Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells-A Proteomic Study of Patient Heterogeneity and Its Modulation by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071509. [PMID: 33806032 PMCID: PMC8037744 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The formation of normal blood cells in the bone marrow is supported by a network of non-hematopoietic cells including connective tissue cells, blood vessel cells and bone-forming cells. These cell types support and regulate the growth of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and communicate with leukemic cells through the release of proteins to their common extracellular microenvironment. One of the AML-supporting normal cell types is a subset of connective tissue cells called mesenchymal stem cells. In the present study, we observed that AML cells release a wide range of diverse proteins into their microenvironment, but patients differ both with regard to the number and amount of released proteins. Inhibition of this bidirectional communication through protein release between AML cells and leukemia-supporting normal cells may become a new strategy for cancer treatment. Abstract Extracellular protein release is important both for the formation of extracellular matrix and for communication between cells. We investigated the extracellular protein release by in vitro cultured normal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and by primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells derived from 40 consecutive patients. We observed quantifiable levels of 3082 proteins in our study; for the MSCs, we detected 1446 proteins, whereas the number of released proteins for the AML cells showed wide variation between patients (average number 1699, range 557–2380). The proteins were derived from various cellular compartments (e.g., cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasms), several organelles (e.g., cytoskeleton, endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria) and had various functions (e.g., extracellular matrix and exosomal proteins, cytokines, soluble adhesion molecules, protein synthesis, post-transcriptional modulation, RNA binding, and ribonuclear proteins). Thus, AML patients were very heterogeneous both regarding the number of proteins and the nature of their extracellularly released proteins. The protein release profiles of MSCs and primary AML cells show a considerable overlap, but a minority of the proteins are released only or mainly by the MSC, including several extracellular matrix molecules. Taken together, our observations suggest that the protein profile of the extracellular bone marrow microenvironment differs between AML patients, these differences are mainly caused by the protein release by the leukemic cells but this leukemia-associated heterogeneity of the overall extracellular protein profile is modulated by the constitutive protein release by normal MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Aasebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | | | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Frode S. Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: or
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Russell MF, Bailey GC, Miskiewicz EI, MacPhee DJ. Inducible heat shock protein A1A (HSPA1A) is markedly expressed in rat myometrium by labour and secreted via myometrial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:279-290. [PMID: 33573715 DOI: 10.1071/rd20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The myometrium goes through physiological, cellular and molecular alterations during gestation that necessitate effective cellular proteostasis. Inducible heat shock protein A1A (HSPA1A) is a member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein A (HSPA) family, which acts as a chaperone to regulate proteostasis; however, HSPA1A also participates as a cytokine in inflammatory regulation, leading to its designation as a chaperokine. This study examined the spatiotemporal expression of HSPA1A protein in the rat myometrium throughout gestation and assessed whether it is secreted as cargo of myometrial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that HSPA1A expression was markedly elevated during late pregnancy and labour and increased by uterine distension. Myometrial HSPA1A expression insitu increased in myocytes of longitudinal and circular muscle layers from Day 19 through to postpartum, specifically in the cytoplasm and nuclei of myocytes from both muscle layers, but frequently detectable just outside myocyte membranes. Scanning electron microscopy examination of samples isolated from hTERT-HM cell-conditioned culture medium, using EV isolation spin columns, confirmed the presence of EVs. EV lysates contained HSPA8, HSPA1A and the EV markers apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (Alix), the tetraspanin cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63), tumour susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and HSP90, but not the endoplasmic reticulum protein calnexin. These results indicate that HSPA1A may act as a chaperokine in the myometrium during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Russell
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada; and One Reproductive Health Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - G C Bailey
- One Reproductive Health Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada; and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - E I Miskiewicz
- One Reproductive Health Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada; and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - D J MacPhee
- One Reproductive Health Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada; and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada; and Corresponding author.
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Aasebø E, Birkeland E, Selheim F, Berven F, Brenner AK, Bruserud Ø. The Extracellular Bone Marrow Microenvironment-A Proteomic Comparison of Constitutive Protein Release by In Vitro Cultured Osteoblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010062. [PMID: 33379263 PMCID: PMC7795818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Normal blood cells are formed in the bone marrow by a process called hematopoiesis. This process is supported by a network of non-hematopoietic cells including connective tissue cells, blood vessel cells and bone-forming cells. However, these cells can also support the growth of cancer cells, i.e., hematological malignancies (e.g., leukemias) and cancers that arise in another organ and spread to the bone marrow. Two of these cancer-supporting normal cells are bone-forming osteoblasts and a subset of connective tissue cells called mesenchymal stem cells. One mechanism for their cancer support is the release of proteins that support cancer cell proliferation and progression of the cancer disease. Our present study shows that both these normal cells release a wide range of proteins that support cancer cells, and inhibition of this protein-mediated cancer support may become a new strategy for cancer treatment. Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts are bone marrow stromal cells that contribute to the formation of stem cell niches and support normal hematopoiesis, leukemogenesis and development of metastases from distant cancers. This support is mediated through cell–cell contact, release of soluble mediators and formation of extracellular matrix. By using a proteomic approach, we characterized the protein release by in vitro cultured human MSCs (10 donors) and osteoblasts (nine donors). We identified 1379 molecules released by these cells, including 340 proteins belonging to the GO-term Extracellular matrix. Both cell types released a wide range of functionally heterogeneous proteins including extracellular matrix molecules (especially collagens), several enzymes and especially proteases, cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules, but also several intracellular molecules including chaperones, cytoplasmic mediators, histones and non-histone nuclear molecules. The levels of most proteins did not differ between MSCs and osteoblasts, but 82 proteins were more abundant for MSC (especially extracellular matrix proteins and proteases) and 36 proteins more abundant for osteoblasts. Finally, a large number of exosomal proteins were identified. To conclude, MSCs and osteoblasts show extracellular release of a wide range of functionally diverse proteins, including several extracellular matrix molecules known to support cancer progression (e.g., metastases from distant tumors, increased relapse risk for hematological malignancies), and the large number of identified exosomal proteins suggests that exocytosis is an important mechanism of protein release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Aasebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Frode Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +47-5597-2997
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48
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Zhao X, Ren Y, Lu Z. Potential diagnostic and therapeutic roles of exosomes in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188414. [PMID: 32866530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is considered an aggressive but still asymptomatic malignancy. Due to the lack of effective diagnostic markers, PaCa is often diagnosed during late metastatic stages. Besides surgical resection, no other treatment appears to be effective during earlier stages of the disease. Exosomes are related to a class of nanovesicles coated by a bilayer lipid membrane and enriched in protein, nucleic acid, and lipid contents. They are widely present in human body fluids, including blood, saliva, and pancreatic duct fluid, with functions in signal transduction and material transport. A large number of studies have suggested for a crucial role for exosomes in PaCa, which may be utilized to improve its future diagnosis and treatment, but the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as their potential clinical applications are largely unknown. By collecting and analyzing the most up-to-date literature, here we summarize the current progress of the clinical applications related to exosomes in PaCa. Therefore, we presently provide some rationale for the potential value of exosomes in PaCa, thereby promoting putative applications in targeted PaCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
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Xu L, Ihara KI, Yoshimura S, Konno D, Tachibana A, Nakanishi T, Tachibana T. Generation of the Rat Monoclonal Antibody Against the Extracellular Domain of Human CD63 by DNA Immunization. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 39:74-76. [PMID: 32311306 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cluster of differentiation 63 (hCD63) is one of the tetraspanin receptors that is abundant on the surface of exosomes. Exosomes are involved in cell-to-cell communication, including from cancer cells to normal cells. It is very important to detect exosomes as a marker for the diagnosis of various diseases. In this study, we report the generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the extracellular domain of hCD63 using DNA immunization. This mAb, clone 1C8-2B11, exhibits high performance for use in immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, and it has 10-fold higher affinity than the control antibody that is commercially available. mAb 1C8-2B11 has great potential to be a tool for research and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kan-Ichiro Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Daijiro Konno
- Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Pathophysiology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakanishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, Japan
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Schou AS, Nielsen JE, Askeland A, Jørgensen MM. Extracellular vesicle-associated proteins as potential biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 99:1-48. [PMID: 32951635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Every cell in the body secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs) possibly as cellular signaling components and these cell-derivatives can be found in multiple numbers in biological fluids. EVs have in the scientific field received great attention in relation to pathophysiology and disease diagnostics. Altered protein expressions associated with circulating EVs in diseased individuals can serve as biomarkers for different disease states. This capacity paves the way for non-invasive screening tools and early diagnostic markers. However, no isolation method of EVs has been acknowledged as the "golden standard," thus reproducibility of the studies remains inadequate. Increasing interest in EV proteins as disease biomarkers could give rise to more scientific knowledge with diagnostic applicability. In this chapter, studies of proteins believed to be associated with EVs within cancer, autoimmunity, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Schou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ellegaard Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Askeland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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