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Koyuncu I, Temiz E, Seker F, Balos MM, Akkafa F, Yuksekdag O, Yılmaz MA, Zengin G. A mixed-apoptotic effect of Jurinea mesopotamica extract on prostate cancer cells: a promising source for natural chemotherapeutics. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301747. [PMID: 38161146 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This research investigates the potential use of Jurinea mesopotamica Hand.-Mazz. (Asteraceae) in cancer treatment. In this study, a plant extract was prepared using all parts of J. mesopotamica, and its effect on the proliferation of cancer and normal cells was tested using the MTT method. It was found to have a selective cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells, with the lowest IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 10μg/mL found in the butanol extract (JMBE). The extract suppressed the proliferation of prostate cancer cells (67 %), disrupted organelle integrity (49 %), increased reactive oxidative stress (66 %), and triggered cell death (51 %). In addition, apoptotic gene expressions and protein levels increased, and the profile of amino acids related to energy metabolism was elevated. Based on LC-MS/MS results, the plant contained higher levels of flavonoids, including isoquercitrin, cosmosiin, astragalin, nicotiflorin, luteolin, and apigenin. These results suggest that J. mesopotamica has a selective effect on prostate cancer due to its high flavonoid content and might be a promising natural alternative for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ebru Temiz
- Program of Medical Promotion and Marketing, Health Services Vocational School, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Seker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - M Maruf Balos
- Sanliurfa Provincial Directorate of National Education, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Feridun Akkafa
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ozgür Yuksekdag
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - M Abdullah Yılmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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2
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Umar H, Aliyu MR, Usman AG, Ghali UM, Abba SI, Ozsahin DU. Prediction of cell migration potential on human breast cancer cells treated with Albizia lebbeck ethanolic extract using extreme machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22242. [PMID: 38097683 PMCID: PMC10721884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the modern world, and the incidence varies considerably based on race, ethnicity, and region. Novel cancer treatments, such as surgery and immunotherapy, are ineffective and expensive. In this situation, ion channels responsible for cell migration have appeared to be the most promising targets for cancer treatment. This research presents findings on the organic compounds present in Albizia lebbeck ethanolic extracts (ALEE), as well as their impact on the anti-migratory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic potentials on MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) based models, multilayer perceptron (MLP), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and extreme learning machine (ELM) were performed to predict in vitro cancer cell migration on both cell lines, based on our experimental data. The organic compounds composition of the ALEE was studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Cytotoxicity, anti-proliferations, and anti-migratory activity of the extract using Tryphan Blue, MTT, and Wound Heal assay, respectively. Among the various concentrations (2.5-200 μg/mL) of the ALEE that were used in our study, 2.5-10 μg/mL revealed anti-migratory potential with increased concentrations, and they did not show any effect on the proliferation of the cells (P < 0.05; n ≥ 3). Furthermore, the three data-driven models, Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and Extreme learning machine (ELM), predict the potential migration ability of the extract on the treated cells based on our experimental data. Overall, the concentrations of the plant extract that do not affect the proliferation of the type cells used demonstrated promising effects in reducing cell migration. XGB outperformed the MLP and ELM models and increased their performance efficiency by up to 3% and 1% for MCF and 1% and 2% for MDA-MB231, respectively, in the testing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzaifa Umar
- Near East University, Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey.
| | - Maryam Rabiu Aliyu
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, 99258, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Abdullahi Garba Usman
- Near East University, Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Umar Muhammad Ghali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Firat University, Merkezi, 23199, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sani Isah Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Imran M, Insaf A, Hasan N, Sugandhi VV, Shrestha D, Paudel KR, Jha SK, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Devkota HP, Mohammed Y. Exploring the Remarkable Chemotherapeutic Potential of Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Battling Various Forms of Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083475. [PMID: 37110709 PMCID: PMC10142939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds, specifically antioxidants, have played an important role in scavenging the free radicals present under diseased conditions. The persistent generation of free radicals in the body leads to inflammation and can result in even more severe diseases such as cancer. Notably, the antioxidant potential of various plant-derived compounds prevents and deregulates the formation of radicals by initiating their decomposition. There is a vast literature demonstrating antioxidant compounds' anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer potential. This review describes the molecular mechanism of various flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, against different cancers. Additionally, the pharmaceutical application of these flavonoids against different cancers using nanotechnologies such as polymeric, lipid-based nanoparticles (solid-lipid and liquid-lipid), liposomes, and metallic nanocarriers is addressed. Finally, combination therapies in which these flavonoids are employed along with other anti-cancer agents are described, indicating the effective therapies for the management of various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Areeba Insaf
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Vrushabh V Sugandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad 431001, India
| | - Deumaya Shrestha
- Department of Bioscience, Mokp o National University, Muna 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, Mokpo National University, Muna 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Li M, Qian M, Jiang Q, Tan B, Yin Y, Han X. Evidence of Flavonoids on Disease Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020527. [PMID: 36830086 PMCID: PMC9952065 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the properties of flavonoids in natural foods for disease prevention. Due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities, flavonoids have been revealed to benefit skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, adipocytes, and neural cells. In this review, we introduced the basic classification, natural sources, and biochemical properties of flavonoids, then summarize the experimental results and underlying molecular mechanisms concerning the effects of flavonoid consumption on obesity, cancers, and neurogenerative diseases that greatly threaten public health. Especially, the dosage and duration of flavonoids intervening in these diseases are discussed, which might guide healthy dietary habits for people of different physical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengqi Qian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88982446
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5
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Telomerase inhibitor MST-312 and quercetin synergistically inhibit cancer cell proliferation by promoting DNA damage. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101569. [PMID: 36274541 PMCID: PMC9596868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with well-established anti-proliferative activities against a variety of cancers. Telomerase inhibitor MST-312 also exhibits anti-proliferative effect on various cancer cells independent of its effect on telomere shortening. However, due to their low absorption and toxicity at higher doses, their clinical development is limited. In the present study, we examine the synergistic potential of their combination in cancer cells, which may result in a decrease in the therapeutic dosage of these compounds. We report that MST-312 and quercetin exhibit strong synergism in ovarian cancer cells with combination index range from 0.2 to 0.7. Co-treatment with MST-312 and quercetin upregulates the DNA damage and augments apoptosis when compared to treatment with either compound alone or a vehicle. We also examined the effect of these compounds on the proliferation of normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSEs). MST-312 has a cytoprotective impact in OSEs at lower dosages, but is inhibitory at higher doses. Quercetin did not affect the OSEs proliferation at low concentrations while at higher concentrations it is inhibitory. Notably, combination of MST-312 and quercetin had no discernible impact on OSEs. These observations have significant implications for future efforts towards maximizing efficacy in cancer therapeutics as this co-treatment specifically affects cancer cells and reduces the effective dosage of both the compounds.
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Kavimughil M, Leena MM, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. 3D printed MCT oleogel as a co-delivery carrier for curcumin and resveratrol. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121616. [PMID: 35716629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Designing a suitable matrix to protect sensitive bioactive compounds is an important stage in nutraceutical development. In this study, emulsion templated medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oleogel was developed as co-delivery carriers for synergistic nutraceuticals, curcumin, and resveratrol and to 3D print in customized shapes for personalized nutrition. To obtain the stable emulsion, gelatin and gellan gum were added such that their protein-polysaccharide interaction helps in the structuring of the oil phase. Increasing the amount of gellan gum had a positive effect on stabilizing the emulsion but became the critical parameter during 3D printing. Hence, gellan gum of 1.5% (w/v) and gelatin at 10% (w/v) of water were considered optimum to produce a stable 30% O/W emulsion for 3D printing. Upon analyzing the in-vitro digestion behavior of the oleogel, it was observed that the bioactives were protected under oral and gastric conditions and allowed intestinal targeted delivery. The total bioaccessible fraction increased up to 1.13-fold and 1.2-fold for curcumin and resveratrol respectively compared to control (MCT oil). The FFAs release profile also indicated that gelators play an important role in lipase activity. Also, the ex-vivo everted gut sac analysis showed enhanced permeation of about 1.83 times and 1.13 times for curcumin and resveratrol respectively. Thus, this study provides useful insights into the 3D printing of emulsion templated oleogel as personalized nutraceutical carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kavimughil
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India
| | - M Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India
| | - J A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India.
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India.
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7
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Hung SW, Li Y, Chen X, Chu KO, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Man GCW, Wang CC. Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Regulates Autophagy in Male and Female Reproductive Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906746. [PMID: 35860020 PMCID: PMC9289441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With a rich abundance of natural polyphenols, green tea has become one of the most popular and healthiest nonalcoholic beverages being consumed worldwide. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the predominant catechin found in green tea, which has been shown to promote numerous health benefits, including metabolic regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Clinical studies have also shown the inhibitory effects of EGCG on cancers of the male and female reproductive system, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, breast, testicular, and prostate cancers. Autophagy is a natural, self-degradation process that serves important functions in both tumor suppression and tumor cell survival. Naturally derived products have the potential to be an effective and safe alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis during tumor development. Although EGCG has been shown to play a critical role in the suppression of multiple cancers, its role as autophagy modulator in cancers of the male and female reproductive system remains to be fully discussed. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge of EGCG in targeting autophagy and its related signaling mechanism in reproductive cancers. Effects of EGCG on regulating autophagy toward reproductive cancers as a single therapy or cotreatment with other chemotherapies will be reviewed and compared. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms and crosstalk of EGCG between autophagy and other cellular processes, such as reactive oxidative stress, ER stress, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, will be summarized. The present review will help to shed light on the significance of green tea as a potential therapeutic treatment for reproductive cancers through regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wan Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gene Chi-Wai Man
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Gene Chi-Wai Man, ; Chi Chiu Wang,
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Gene Chi-Wai Man, ; Chi Chiu Wang,
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Yin Y, Li D, Liu F, Wang X, Cui Y, Li S, Li X. The Ameliorating Effects of Apple Polyphenol Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Are SIRT1-Dependent: Evidence from Hepatic-Specific SIRT1 Heterozygous Mutant C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5579-5594. [PMID: 35485931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apple polyphenol extract (APE) has been reported to possess protective effects against hepatic steatosis. To explore whether APE-induced alleviation of hepatic steatosis is SIRT1-dependent, the present study was carried out using wild-type and hepatic SIRT1 heterozygous mutant (Sirt1+/-) C57BL/6 mice. On consideration of the sex disparity related to hepatic steatosis morbidity, both male and female mice were included in the study. Six to eight week old mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) wild-type mice (wt+HFD), (2) Sirt1+/- mice (Sirt1+/-+HFD), and (3) Sirt1+/- mice with 500 mg/(kg·bw·d) APE intragastric administration (Sirt1+/-+HAP). HFD-induced weight gain and triglyceride accumulation was more prominent in Sirt1+/- mice in comparison to wild-type mice. Following APE treatment, these effects were significantly reduced along with the alleviation of hepatic steatosis via upregulated expression of SIRT1 at the protein and mRNA levels in both male and female mice. However, APE differentially regulated the genes related to lipid metabolism (Lkb1, Ampk, Hsl, Srebp-1c, Abcg1, and Cd36) in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, APE treatment altered gut microbiota composition, with an increased relative abundance of Akkermansia and a decreased Firmicutes/Bacterodetes ratio. Thus, our study provided new evidence supporting our hypothesis that APE-induced alleviation of hepatic steatosis is SIRT1-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Deming Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilan Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
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Ankit, Malviya R, Sharma A. Sources, Properties and Pharmacological Effects of Quercetin. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220127140859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The present review aims to describe an overview of quercetin with its various pharmacological effects. Quercetin is used as antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-allergic and antiproliferative agents, which are described in the manuscript. It is mainly obtained from plant resources, which is also described in the manuscript. The manuscript also focuses on describing the various studies related to quercetin which shows various pharmacological activities. It is concluded from the study that quercetin has shown an efficacious effect on various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University,
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University,
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University,
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Kim TW, Lee HG. Apigenin Induces Autophagy and Cell Death by Targeting EZH2 under Hypoxia Conditions in Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413455. [PMID: 34948250 PMCID: PMC8706813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major obstacle to gastric cancer (GC) therapy and leads to chemoresistance as GC cells are frequently exposed to the hypoxia environment. Apigenin, a flavonoid found in traditional medicine, fruits, and vegetables and an HDAC inhibitor, is a powerful anti-cancer agent against various cancer cell lines. However, detailed mechanisms involved in the treatment of GC using APG are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the biological activity of and molecular mechanisms involved in APG-mediated treatment of GC under hypoxia. APG promoted autophagic cell death by increasing ATG5, LC3-II, and phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1 and down-regulating p-mTOR and p62 in GC. Furthermore, our results show that APG induces autophagic cell death via the activation of the PERK signaling, indicating an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The inhibition of ER stress suppressed APG-induced autophagy and conferred prolonged cell survival, indicating autophagic cell death. We further show that APG induces ER stress- and autophagy-related cell death through the inhibition of HIF-1α and Ezh2 under normoxia and hypoxia. Taken together, our findings indicate that APG activates autophagic cell death by inhibiting HIF-1α and Ezh2 under hypoxia conditions in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.W.K.); (H.G.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0329 (T.W.K.); +82-42-860-4182 (H.G.L.); Fax: +82-2-961-1165 (T.W.K.); +82-42-860-4593 (H.G.L.)
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.W.K.); (H.G.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0329 (T.W.K.); +82-42-860-4182 (H.G.L.); Fax: +82-2-961-1165 (T.W.K.); +82-42-860-4593 (H.G.L.)
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11
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Phenolic-protein interactions in foods and post ingestion: Switches empowering health outcomes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Zou H, Ye H, Kamaraj R, Zhang T, Zhang J, Pavek P. A review on pharmacological activities and synergistic effect of quercetin with small molecule agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153736. [PMID: 34560520 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin is a natural flavonoid, which widely exists in nature, such as tea, coffee, apples, and onions. Numerous studies have showed that quercetin has multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging. Hence, quercetin has a significant therapeutic effect on cancers, obesity, diabetes, and other diseases. In the past decades, a large number of studies have shown that quercetin combined with other agents can significantly improve the overall therapeutic effect, compared to single use. PURPOSE This work reviews the pharmacological activities of quercetin and its derivatives. In addition, this work also summarizes both in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence for the synergistic effect of quercetin against cancers and metabolic diseases. METHODS An extensive systematic search for pharmacological activities and synergistic effect of quercetin was performed considering all the relevant literatures published until August 2021 through the databases including NCBI PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The relevant literatures were extracted from the databases with following keyword combinations: "pharmacological activities" OR "biological activities" OR "synergistic effect" OR "combined" OR "combination" AND "quercetin" as well as free-text words. RESULTS Quercetin and its derivatives possess multiple pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular, anti-aging, and neuroprotective activities. In addition, the synergistic effect of quercetin with small molecule agents against cancers and metabolic diseases has also been confirmed. CONCLUSION Quercetin cooperates with agents to improve the therapeutic effect by regulating signal molecules and blocking cell cycle. Synergistic therapy can reduce the dose of agents and avoid the possible toxic and side effects in the treatment process. Although quercetin treatment has some potential side effects, it is safe under the expected use conditions. Hence, quercetin has application value and potential strength as a clinical drug. Furthermore, quercetin, as the main effective therapeutic ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, may effectively treat and prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czech Republic.
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Leena MM, Silvia MG, Vinitha K, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Synergistic potential of nutraceuticals: mechanisms and prospects for futuristic medicine. Food Funct 2021; 11:9317-9337. [PMID: 33211054 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are valued for their therapeutic effects and numerous health benefits. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated their superior performances when co-delivered; the concept of synergism has been established for various bioactives. Apart from improvements in the bioavailability of partnering compounds, this approach can protect the radical scavenging potential and biological effects of individual compounds. In this review, the intricate mechanisms that promote synergistic effects when bioactive compounds are co-delivered are detailed. Importantly, a range of potential medical applications that have been established through such synergistic effects is presented, emphasizing recent developments in this field. Also, a section has been devoted to highlighting perspectives on co-encapsulation at the nanoscale for improved synergistic benefits. While prospects for the treatment of chronic diseases are well-demonstrated, several challenges and safety concerns remain, and these have been discussed, providing recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur - 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Role of pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy and its therapeutic implications. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174166. [PMID: 33979651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis has recently been established as a term of programmed-inflammatory cell death. Pyroptosis is mainly divided into two molecular signaling pathways, including caspase-1-dependent canonical and caspase-4/5/11-dependent non-canonical inflammasome pathways. Extensive investigations have reported inflammasome activation facilitates the maturation and secretion of the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β/18 (IL-1β/18), cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and leading to the stimulation of pyroptosis-mediated cell death. Furthermore, accumulating studies report NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a significant role in triggering the pyroptosis-mediated cell death and promotes the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our current review elaborates on the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis-signaling pathways and their potential roles in the pathogenesis and impact of DR development. We also emphasize several investigational molecules regulating key steps in pyroptotic-cell death to create new comprehensions and findings to explore the pathogenesis of DR advancement. Our narrative review concisely suggests these potential pharmacological agents could be promising therapies to treat and manage DR in the future.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shabestari FA, Vaezi S, Abak A, Shoorei H, Karimi A, Taheri M, Basiri A. Emerging impact of quercetin in the treatment of prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111548. [PMID: 34311541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid agent detected in fruits and vegetables with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. This flavonoid can suppress cell cycle transition and induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells. Therapeutic effects of quercetin have been assessed in diverse cancers including prostate cancer through the establishment of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, this agent might prevent the initiation of this type of cancer as it indirectly blocks the activity of promoters of two important genes in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer i.e. androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Several in vitro investigations have identified the differential influence of quercetin on normal prostate cells versus neoplastic cells, emphasizing its specific cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells. The most appreciated route of quercetin effect on prostate cancer cells is the detachment of Bax from Bcl-xL and the stimulation of caspase families. Besides, quercetin might enhance the effects of other therapeutic options against prostate cancer. For instance, a combination of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and quercetin has been recommended as a novel modality for the treatment of prostate cancer. These kinds of strategies might overcome resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells. In the current paper, we summarize the recent data about the preventive and therapeutic influences of quercetin in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saba Vaezi
- Department of Nutrition, Marand Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Daw S, Law S. Quercetin induces autophagy in myelodysplastic bone marrow including hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:149-167. [PMID: 32902906 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is regarded as a spectrum of bone marrow failure disorders that share hemato-pathological state of cellular dysplasia and cytopenia. The modern treatment of cancers like chemotherapy and radiation therapy sometimes severely pounce on the basic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cellular (HSPC) compartment which gradually disclose the clinical symptoms of MDS. The present study involves flowcytometric protein expression analysis of insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, the autophagy related proteins (ATG's), the status of antioxidative molecules SOD2 and SDF1 and apoptosis profiling in ethyl-nitroso-urea induced myelodysplasia. The redox status that is, reactive oxygen species was estimated with dihydroetidium and the status of mitochondria and lysosomes were checked by Janus green B and neutral red staining respectively, pre and post quercetin treatment in MDS bone marrow. The results revealed the activated IGFR/PI3K/Akt axis in MDS bone marrow but unconventionally both p-mTOR and autophagy (p-ATG1, p-AT6, ATG7, ATG12) was downregulated. Interestingly, post quercetin treatment an upregulation of basal autophagocytosis, reversal of oxidative damage and proper functionality of mitochondria and lysosome was recorded. Taken together, the study hinted that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway does not rule over the process of autophagocytosis in HSPC's of MDS bone marrow and the isoflavanoid quercetin remarkably restored autophagocytosis and hematopoietic oxidative status toward normalcy during the progression of myelodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Daw
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujata Law
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Chen ML, Lai CJ, Lin YN, Huang CM, Lin YH. Multifunctional nanoparticles for targeting the tumor microenvironment to improve synergistic drug combinations and cancer treatment effects. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10416-10427. [PMID: 33112350 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01733g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel-based chemotherapy for prostate cancer is the clinical standard of care. However, nonspecific targeting, multiple drug resistance, and adverse side effects are common obstacles. Various natural compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in combination with taxane, have the potential to be developed as anticancer therapeutics. Although synergistic hydrophobic-hydrophilic combination drugs have been used with some success, the main drawbacks of this approach are poor bioavailability, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and low tissue distribution. To improve their synergistic effect and overcome limitations, we encapsulated EGCG and low-dose docetaxel within TPGS-conjugated hyaluronic acid and fucoidan-based nanoparticles. This approach might facilitate simultaneous target-specific markers at the edge and center of the tumor and then might increase intratumoral drug accumulation. Additionally, the successful release of bioactive combination drugs was regulated by the pH-sensitive nanoparticles and internalization into prostate cancer cells through CD44 and P-selectin ligand recognition, and the inhibition of cell growth via induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest was observed in in vitro study. In in vivo studies, treatment with cancer-targeted combination drug-loaded nanoparticles significantly attenuated tumor growth and increased M30 protein expression without causing organ damage. Overall, the multifunctional nanoparticle system improved the drugs' synergistic effect, indicating great potential in its development as a prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chen Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Nan Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chen Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. and Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, A. Al-Mana F, Al-Yafrsi MA. Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E908. [PMID: 32709119 PMCID: PMC7411707 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis natural populations growing in Northern Saudi Arabia might be a valuable source of polyphenols with potent biological activities. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), several polyphenols were detected tentatively in considerable amounts in the methanolic leaf extracts of A. saligna and L. inermis. A. saligna mainly contained rutoside, hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid, whereas those of L. inermis contained apigenin 5-glucoside, apigetrin and gallic acid. Strong antioxidant activities were found in the leaf extracts of both species due to the presence of hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid, isoquercetin, p-coumaric acid, quercitrin and rutoside. A. saligna and L. inermis leaf extracts as well as hyperoside, apigenin 5-glucoside, and quercetin 3-glucuronide significantly reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in all investigated cancer cells compared to the control. Methanolic leaf extracts and identified polyphenols showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells, which may be attributed to necrotic cell accumulation during apoptotic periods. Antibacterial activities were also found in both species leaf extracts and were twice as high in A. saligna than L. inermis due to the high composition of rutoside and other polyphenols. Finally, strong antifungal activities were detected, which were associated with specific phenols such as rutoside, hyperoside, apigenin 5-glucoside and p-coumaric acid. This is the first study exploring the polyphenolic composition of A. saligna and L. inermis natural populations in northern Saudi Arabia and aiming at the detection of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Fahed A. Al-Mana
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Yafrsi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
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Kazi J, Sen R, Ganguly S, Jha T, Ganguly S, Chatterjee Debnath M. Folate decorated epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) loaded PLGA nanoparticles; in-vitro and in-vivo targeting efficacy against MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119449. [PMID: 32464231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic constituent of green tea exhibits significant anti-cancer potential over a wide range of cancer cells. We have developed folate peptide decorated PLGA-NPs loaded with EGCG (FP-EGCG-NPs) to bind folate receptor (FR) specific breast cancer cell lines and evaluated their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. EGCG loaded PLGA nanoparticles (EGCG-NPs) were characterised for size, surface morphology, surface charge, encapsulation efficacy and in-vitro drug release kinetics. Cellular uptake and in-vitro cytotoxicities of free drug, folate peptide conjugated and unconjugated EGCG-NPs were investigated against FR positive MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The conjugated nanoparticles exhibited promising cytotoxic potentials as well as significantly high cellular internalisation in MDA-MB-231 cells as compared to unconjugated one. It also ensured longer half life, higher plasma concentration, favourably high apoptotic potential and significantly high mitochondrial depolarization effect as compared to free EGCG. The loaded nanoparticles were radiolabeled with technetium-99m and their tumor selectivity in MDA-MB-231 tumor bearing nude mice was investigated by scintigraphic imaging study. Finally in-vivo therapeutic efficacy studies in tumor bearing nude mice were also done to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julekha Kazi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumya Ganguly
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Shantanu Ganguly
- Regional Radiation Medicine Center, Thakurpukur Cancer Center and Welfare Home Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Mita Chatterjee Debnath
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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Henning SM, Wang P, Lee RP, Trang A, Husari G, Yang J, Grojean EM, Ly A, Hsu M, Heber D, Grogan T, Li Z, Aronson WJ. Prospective randomized trial evaluating blood and prostate tissue concentrations of green tea polyphenols and quercetin in men with prostate cancer. Food Funct 2020; 11:4114-4122. [PMID: 32347270 PMCID: PMC8312236 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated if chronic consumption of quercetin (Q) with green tea extract (GTE) enhances the bioavailability of GT polyphenols (GTPs) and reduces methylation activity as previously observed in mouse xenograft tumors. In this prospective, randomized, parallel design, placebo controlled study, thirty-one men with prostate cancer consumed daily 1 gram of GTE (830 mg of GTP) with 800 mg of Q (GT + Q) or placebo (GT + PL) for four weeks before prostatectomy. First morning voided urine was collected at baseline, 3 weeks and the day of surgery, and prostate tissue on the day of surgery. In week 3, plasma concentration of GTPs and Q was measured in blood collected before and 2 hours after the morning dose. Prostate tissue epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) were detected in 67 and 93% of participants in the GT + Q group and 75 and 94% of participants in the GT + PL group. Q was increased 14-fold, 12-fold and 4.5-fold in plasma, urine, and prostate tissue, respectively, in the GT + Q compared to the GT + PL-group. There was a trend for decreased EGC levels in urine collected prior to prostatectomy in the GT + Q compared to GT + PL-group (p = 0.053). Plasma epigallocatechin (EGC) showed a trend to increase (p = 0.066) two hours after capsule intake in the GT + Q vs. the GT + PL-group. There was no significant difference between the groups in GTP content or methylation activity in prostate tissue or RBCs. No liver toxicity was observed. Although our findings are suggestive, further studies are warranted evaluating if Q alters GTP metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Polyphenol Content and Biological Activities of Ruta graveolens L. and Artemisia abrotanum L. in Northern Saudi Arabia. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural populations of Ruta graveolens L. and Artemisia abrotanum L. in northern Saudi Arabia may be a rich source of natural polyphenols with potential biological activities. Therefore, tentative high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection was used to analyze the polyphenol contents of leaf extracts. R. graveolens mainly contained the phenolic acids chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid and the flavonoids rutoside and quercetin, whereas those of A. abrotanum mainly contained the phenolic acids isochlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid and the flavonoid quercetin. Leaf extracts of both species showed antioxidant activities due to the presence of quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid as well as antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells, which may be attributed to necrotic cell accumulation during the early and late apoptotic periods. Both species also exhibited antibacterial activity, although the activity was higher in R. graveolens due to the high contents of quercetin and other polyphenols. Finally, both species exhibited antifungal activities, which were associated with specific polyphenols. This is the first study to confirm the richness of polyphenols and wide spectrum of biological activities in natural populations of R. graveolens and A. abrotanum in northern Saudi Arabia.
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Izzo S, Naponelli V, Bettuzzi S. Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Prostate Cancer Prevention. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1010. [PMID: 32268584 PMCID: PMC7231128 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease with an unclear etiology. Due to its high prevalence, long latency, and slow progression, PCa is an ideal target for chemoprevention strategies. Many research studies have highlighted the positive effects of natural flavonoids on chronic diseases, including PCa. Different classes of dietary flavonoids exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-aging, cardioprotective, anti-viral/bacterial and anti-carcinogenic properties. We overviewed the most recent evidence of the antitumoral effects exerted by dietary flavonoids, with a special focus on their epigenetic action in PCa. Epigenetic alterations have been identified as key initiating events in several kinds of cancer. Many dietary flavonoids have been found to reverse DNA aberrations that promote neoplastic transformation, particularly for PCa. The epigenetic targets of the actions of flavonoids include oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, indirectly controlled through the regulation of epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and histone deacetylase (HDAC). In addition, flavonoids were found capable of restoring miRNA and lncRNA expression that is altered during diseases. The optimization of the use of flavonoids as natural epigenetic modulators for chemoprevention and as a possible treatment of PCa and other kinds of cancers could represent a promising and valid strategy to inhibit carcinogenesis and fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (S.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (S.I.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Saverio Bettuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (S.I.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020457. [PMID: 32059369 PMCID: PMC7071196 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to possess a wide variety of anticancer effects: they modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities, participate in arresting the cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Flavonoids have dual action regarding ROS homeostasis—they act as antioxidants under normal conditions and are potent pro-oxidants in cancer cells triggering the apoptotic pathways and downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This article reviews the biochemical properties and bioavailability of flavonoids, their anticancer activity and its mechanisms of action.
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Hao Q, Diaz T, Verduzco ADR, Magyar CE, Zhong J, Elshimali Y, Rettig MB, Henning SM, Vadgama JV, Wang P. Arctigenin inhibits prostate tumor growth in high-fat diet fed mice through dual actions on adipose tissue and tumor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1403. [PMID: 31996731 PMCID: PMC6989655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effect of arctigenin, a novel anti-inflammatory lignan, on prostate cancer in obese conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro obese models were established by co-culture of mouse adipocytes 3T3-L1 with androgen-sensitive LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, or by culturing LNCaP cells in adipocytes-conditioned medium. Arctigenin significantly inhibited LNCaP proliferation, along with decreased androgen receptor (AR) and increased Nkx3.1 cellular expression. Male severe combined immunodeficiency mice were subcutaneously implanted with human prostate cancer LAPC-4 xenograft tumors for in vivo study. Mice were fed high-fat (HF) diet and orally given arctigenin at 50 mg/kg body weight daily or vehicle control for 6 weeks. Tumor bearing HF control mice showed a significant increase in serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and decrease in subcutaneous/peritoneal fat depots compared to non-tumor bearing control mice. Arctigenin intervention significantly reduced tumor growth by 45%, associated with decreased circulating FFAs and adipokines/cytokines including IGF-1, VEGF, and MCP-1, along with decreased AR, Ki67, and microvessel density and increased Nkx3.1 expression in tumors. These results indicate the strong ability of arctigenin to co-target obesity and tumor itself in inhibition of prostate tumor growth at a lower concentration compared to most phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tanya Diaz
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Alejandro Del Rio Verduzco
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin Zhong
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
- University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Matthew B Rettig
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Quercetin: Molecular Implications in Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133177. [PMID: 31261749 PMCID: PMC6651418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a problem with worldwide importance and is the second leading cause of death globally. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to support their uncontrolled expansion by increasing biomass (anabolic metabolism-glycolysis) at the expense of their energy (bioenergetics- mitochondrial function) requirements. In this aspect, metabolic reprogramming stands out as a key biological process in understanding the conversion of a normal cell into a neoplastic precursor. Quercetin is the major representative of the flavonoid subclass of flavonols. Quercetin is ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables, being one of the most common dietary flavonols in the western diet. The anti-cancer effects of quercetin include its ability to promote the loss of cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy through the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/-catenin, and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of quercetin in cancer metabolism, addressing specifically its ability to target molecular pathways involved in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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A practical guide for designing effective nutraceutical combinations in the form of foods, beverages, and dietary supplements against chronic degenerative diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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KAMOHARA T, KOSHIGUCHI M, MAEDA-YAMAMOTO M, SHINODA Y, KAMETANI N, HIRAI S, EGASHIRA Y. The Combination of ‘Benifuuki’ with Quercetin Suppresses Hepatic Fat Accumulation in High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet-Fed Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:196-201. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko KAMOHARA
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University
| | - Manami KOSHIGUCHI
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University
| | | | - Yuki SHINODA
- Product Research & Development Headquarters, Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd
| | - Norihiro KAMETANI
- Product Research & Development Headquarters, Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd
| | - Shizuka HIRAI
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University
| | - Yukari EGASHIRA
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University
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Rajaram P, Jiang Z, Chen G, Rivera A, Phasakda A, Zhang Q, Zheng S, Wang G, Chen QH. Nitrogen-containing derivatives of O-tetramethylquercetin: Synthesis and biological profiles in prostate cancer cell models. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:227-239. [PMID: 30904813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Forty-eight nitrogen-containing quercetin derivatives were synthesized from readily available rutin or quercetin for the in vitro evaluation of their biological profiles. The WST-1 cell proliferation assay data indicate that thirty-nine out of the forty-eight derivatives possess significantly improved antiproliferative potency as compared with quercetin and fisetin, as well as the parent 3,3',4',7-O-tetramethylquercetin toward both androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-insensitive (PC-3 and DU145) human prostate cancer cell lines. 5-O-Aminoalkyl-3,3',4',7-O-tetramethylquercetins were established as a better scaffold for further development as anti-prostate cancer agents. Among them, 5-O-(N,N-dibutylamino)propyl-3,3',4',7-O-tetramethylquercetin (44) was identified as the optimal derivative with IC50 values of 0.55-2.82 µM, being over 35-182 times more potent than quercetin. The flow cytometry-based assays further demonstrate that 44 effectively activates PC-3 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravien Rajaram
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Ziran Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Guanglin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Alyssa Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Alison Phasakda
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Shilong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA.
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Rady I, Mohamed H, Rady M, Siddiqui IA, Mukhtar H. Cancer preventive and therapeutic effects of EGCG, the major polyphenol in green tea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam Rady
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadir Mohamed
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mohamad Rady
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Imtiaz A. Siddiqui
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Abotaleb M, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Varghese S, Kubatka P, Liskova A, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids in Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010028. [PMID: 30597838 PMCID: PMC6357032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Although, there are many different approaches to cancer treatment, they are often painful due to adverse side effects and are sometimes ineffective due to increasing resistance to classical anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy. Targeting delayed/inhibited apoptosis is a major approach in cancer treatment and a highly active area of research. Plant derived natural compounds are of major interest due to their high bioavailability, safety, minimal side effects and, most importantly, cost effectiveness. Flavonoids have gained importance as anti-cancer agents and have shown great potential as cytotoxic anti-cancer agents promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. In this review, a summary of flavonoids and their effectiveness in cancer treatment targeting apoptosis has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Sharon Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
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Deepika MS, Thangam R, Sheena TS, Sasirekha R, Sivasubramanian S, Babu MD, Jeganathan K, Thirumurugan R. A novel rutin-fucoidan complex based phytotherapy for cervical cancer through achieving enhanced bioavailability and cancer cell apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1181-1195. [PMID: 30551368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on flavonoids forming complexes with macromolecules attract researchers due to their enhanced bioavailability as well as chemo-preventive efficacy. In this study, a flavonoid rutin (Ru) is non-covalently complexed with fucoidan (Fu) using the functional groups to obtain a therapeutic polymeric complex overcoming the limitations of bioavailability of rutin. The prepared novel rutin-fucoidan (Ru-Fu) complex is characterized for spectroscopic features, particle size and distribution analysis by DLS. It is shown that the complex displayed the nanostructural features that are different from that of the usual rutin-fucoidan mixture. The studies on drug release profiles at different pH (5.5, 6.8 and 7.4) show that the sustained release of compounds from complex occurs preferentially at the desired endosomal pH (5.5). Further, the chemopreventive potential of Ru-Fu complex is investigated against HeLa cells by cellular apoptotic assays and flow cytometric analysis. It showed that the complex is able to disrupt cell cycle regulation and has the ability to induce cellular apoptosis via nuclear fragmentation, ROS generation and mitochondrial potential loss. In vitro cell viability assay with Ru-Fu complex shows that the complex is biocompatible on normal cells. The hemolysis assay also reveals that the complex does not release hemoglobin from human red blood cells (RBCs). Thus, the study is envisaged to open up interests for developing such formulations against cervical cancer and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sathiya Deepika
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangam
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thankaraj Salammal Sheena
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Sasirekha
- Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manikandan Dinesh Babu
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kulandaivel Jeganathan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhou X, Liu HY, Zhao H, Wang T. RGD-modified nanoliposomes containing quercetin for lung cancer targeted treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5397-5405. [PMID: 30214245 PMCID: PMC6128275 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s169555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to prepare RGD-modified nanoliposomes containing quercetin (QCT) distearoyl-L-a-phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol 2000-RGD-liposomes ([DSPE]-PEG2000-RGD-LPs/QCT) for lung cancer targeting treatment. Methods The physicochemical parameters of (DSPE)-PEG2000-RGD-LPs/QCT were characterized in terms of the particle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and in vitro release behavior. In vivo, pharmacokinetics and antitumor studies of prepared formulations were also evaluated. Results In this study, QCT was found to be easily dispersed in lipid solution and entrapped by the thin-film hydration method. The encapsulation ratio and drug loading of prepared LPs were 89.2%±7.4% and 9.2%±1.3% and the mean diameter was 93.4±7.2 nm from 3 batches. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the particle size of liposomes was suitable for the fenestrated vasculatures of cancer tissues via the enhanced permeability retention effect. In vitro, a relatively slow QCT release profile was observed in (DSPE)-PEG2000-RGD-LPs, and the release mechanism fit with the Higuchi equation better. In vivo imaging results indicated that RGD-modified LPs had very good tumor targeting ability. (DSPE)-PEG2000-RGD-LPs/QCT showed a significant antitumor activity in mice with A549 tumors. Conclusion Through this study, it was found that the RGD-modified LPs loaded with QCT could potentially be a very promising lung-targeted preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Chung JO, Lee SB, Jeong KH, Song JH, Kim SK, Joo KM, Jeong HW, Choi JK, Kim JK, Kim WG, Shin SS, Shim SM. Quercetin and fisetin enhanced the small intestine cellular uptake and plasma levels of epi-catechins in in vitro and in vivo models. Food Funct 2018; 9:234-242. [PMID: 29168878 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01576c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin and fisetin, known as catechol-containing flavonoids, could positively affect the absorption of catechins due to their strong affinity for catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), which can methylate and cause the excretion of catechins. The current study examined the effect of quercetin and fisetin on the absorption of epi-catechins (ECs) by using a Caco-2 cell line and an in vivo model. The intestinal transport of total catechins by Caco-2 cells was enhanced from 1.3- to 1.6-fold and 1.4- to 1.7-fold by adding quercetin and fisetin, respectively, compared to the control. It was even higher in the treatment with a mixture of quercetin and fisetin. While EC had the highest value of intestinal transport (169% of the control) in 10% quercetin treatment, EGC (235%), EGCG (244%), and ECG (242%) were significantly transported in the treatment with a 5% mixture of quercetin and fisetin (p < 0.05). In an in vivo pharmacokinetic study, the values of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC, ng h mL-1) were also higher in rats orally administered EGCG with 10% quercetin (365.5 ± 25.5) or 10% fisetin (825.3 ± 46.7) than in those administered EGCG only (111.3 ± 13.1). Methylated quercetin and methylated fisetin were determined to be m/z 317.24 and m/z 301.25 [M + H]+ with their own product ions, respectively. The results indicate that quercetin or fisetin is superior to ECs for methylation by COMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Oh Chung
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
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Li F, Wang Y, Li D, Chen Y, Qiao X, Fardous R, Lewandowski A, Liu J, Chan TH, Dou QP. Perspectives on the recent developments with green tea polyphenols in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:643-660. [PMID: 29688074 PMCID: PMC6287262 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1465923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence has expanded the role of green tea from a traditional beverage to a source of pharmacologically active molecules with diverse health benefits. However, conclusive clinical results are needed to better elucidate the cancer-preventive and therapeutic effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs). Areas covered: The authors describe GTPs' chemical compositions and metabolic biotransformations, and their recent developments in drug discovery, focusing on their cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. They then review the recent development of GTP-loaded nanoparticles and GTP prodrugs. Expert opinion: GTPs possess potent anticarcinogenic activities through interfering with the initiation, development and progression phases of cancer. There are several challenges (e.g. poor bioavailability) in developing GTPs as therapeutic agents. Use of nanoparticle-based delivery systems has provided unique advantages over purified GTPs. However, there is still a need to determine the actual magnitude and pharmacological mechanisms of GTPs encapsulated in nanoparticles, in order to address newly emerging safety issues associated with the potential 'local overdose' effect. The use of Pro- epigallocatechin gallate (Pro-EGCG) as a prodrug appears to offer improved in vitro stability as well as better in vivo bioavailability and efficacies in a number of animal studies, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for further study and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Road Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rania Fardous
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Road Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ashton Lewandowski
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Road Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tak-Hang Chan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Road Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People’s Republic of China
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Hajipour H, Hamishehkar H, Nazari Soltan Ahmad S, Barghi S, Maroufi NF, Taheri RA. Improved anticancer effects of epigallocatechin gallate using RGD-containing nanostructured lipid carriers. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:283-292. [PMID: 29310467 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1423493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of cancer have encouraged oncologists to develop novel strategies for treatment. Present study was proposed to develop Arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-containing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) as a delivery system for improving the anticancer capability of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on breast cancer cell line by attaching to integrin superfamily on cancer cells. For this purpose, RGD-containing EGCG-loaded NLC were prepared by hot homogenization technique and characterized by different techniques. Then, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of prepared nanoparticles and their uptake into cells was evaluated. As results, the nanoparticles with particle size of 85 nm, zeta potential of -21 mV, encapsulation of 83% were prepared. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis experiments demonstrated that EGCG-loaded NLC-RGD possessed greatest apoptotic activity. Furthermore, it has been shown that, EGCG-loaded NLC-RGD causes cell cycle arresting more effective than EGCG. Therefore, loading EGCG into NLC-RGD make it more effective in both targeting and accumulation into tumour cells, which results from specialized uptake mechanism by adhesion to αvβ3 integrin. The results strengthen our hope that loading EGCG into RGD-containing NLC could possibly overcome the therapeutic limitations of EGCG and make it more effective in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hajipour
- a Student Research Committee and Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Nanobiotechnology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- c Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Saeed Nazari Soltan Ahmad
- d Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Siamak Barghi
- e Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- d Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- b Nanobiotechnology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Flavonoids from persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells by activation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:210-217. [PMID: 28811126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves are extensively used in Chinese medicine and are also excellent source of dietary polyphenols. Here we investigated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of the total flavonoids extracted from persimmon leaves (FPL) in PC-3 cells. After treating cells with different concentration of FPL, Quercetin or Rutin for 24 h, MTT and flow cytometry were used to measure the cytotoxicity, apoptotic rate and cell cycle arrest. Compared with Quercetin and Rutin, FPL showed higher cytotoxicity at 12.5 and 25 μg/ml concentrations and also presented lower IC50 in PC-3 cells. In addition, FPL induced PC-3 cells apoptosis by activation of oxidative stress, as detected by ROS, MDA, nitrite and iNOS activity, and increased mitochondrial membrane permeability. Morphological changes, inactivation of Bcl-2, upregulation of BAX, release of cytochrome c and activation of downstream apoptotic signaling in FPL-treated PC-3 cells also suggested apoptotic death. Meanwhile, FPL significantly inhibited migration of PC-3 cells. Therefore, FPL inhibited proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells by activation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial-related apoptosis.
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Tummala R, Lou W, Gao AC, Nadiminty N. Quercetin Targets hnRNPA1 to Overcome Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2770-2779. [PMID: 28729398 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains dependent on androgen receptor signaling even after castration. Aberrant androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer is mediated by mechanisms such as alterations in the androgen receptor and activation of interacting signaling pathways. Clinical evidence confirms that resistance to the next-generation antiandrogen, enzalutamide, may be mediated to a large extent by alternative splicing of the androgen receptor to generate constitutively active splice variants such as AR-V7. The splice variants AR-V7 and ARv567es have been implicated in the resistance to not only enzalutamide, but also to abiraterone and other conventional therapeutics such as taxanes. Numerous studies, including ours, suggest that splicing factors such as hnRNPA1 promote the generation of AR-V7, thus contributing to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we discovered that quercetin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, reduces the expression of hnRNPA1, and consequently, that of AR-V7. The suppression of AR-V7 by quercetin resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to treatment with enzalutamide. Our results indicate that quercetin downregulates hnRNPA1 expression, downregulates the expression of AR-V7, antagonizes androgen receptor signaling, and resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide treatment in vivo in mouse xenografts. These findings demonstrate that suppressing the alternative splicing of the androgen receptor may have important implications in overcoming the resistance to next-generation antiandrogen therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2770-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakumar Tummala
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.
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Gan RY, Li HB, Sui ZQ, Corke H. Absorption, metabolism, anti-cancer effect and molecular targets of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG): An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1231168 pmid: 27645804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Sui
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Gan RY, Li HB, Sui ZQ, Corke H. Absorption, metabolism, anti-cancer effect and molecular targets of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG): An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:924-941. [PMID: 27645804 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1231168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Green tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, especially in Asian countries. Consumption of green tea has been demonstrated to possess many health benefits, which mainly attributed to the main bioactive compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a flavone-3-ol polyphenol, in green tea. EGCG is mainly absorbed in the intestine, and gut microbiota play a critical role in its metabolism prior to absorption. EGCG exhibits versatile bioactivities, with its anti-cancer effect most attracting due to the cancer preventive effect of green tea consumption, and a great number of studies intensively investigated its anti-cancer effect. In this review, we therefore, first stated the absorption and metabolism process of EGCG, and then summarized its anti-cancer effect in vitro and in vivo, including its manifold anti-cancer actions and mechanisms, especially its anti-cancer stem cell effect, and next highlighted its various molecular targets involved in cancer inhibition. Finally, the anti-cancer effect of EGCG analogs and nanoparticles, as well as the potential cancer promoting effect of EGCG were also discussed. Understanding of the absorption, metabolism, anti-cancer effect and molecular targets of EGCG can be of importance to better utilize it as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhong-Quan Sui
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Harold Corke
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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Arctigenin inhibits prostate tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2017; 13:1-11. [PMID: 29062885 DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The low bioavailability of most phytochemicals limits their translation to humans. We investigated whether arctigenin, a novel anti-inflammatory lignan from the seeds of Arctium lappa, has favorable bioavailability/potency against prostate cancer. The anticarcinogenic activity of arctigenin was investigated both in vitro using the androgen-sensitive LNCaP and LAPC-4 human prostate cancer cells and pre-malignant WPE1-NA22 cells, and in vivo using xenograft mouse models. Arctigenin at lower doses (< 2μM) significantly inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP and LAPC-4 cells by 30-50% at 48h compared to control, and inhibited WPE1-NA22 cells by 75%, while did not affect normal prostate epithelial cells. Male severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were implanted subcutaneously with LAPC-4 cells for in vivo studies. In one experiment, the intervention started one week after tumor implantation. Mice received arctigenin at 50mg/kg (LD) or 100mg/kg (HD) b.w. daily or vehicle control by oral gavage. After 6 weeks, tumor growth was inhibited by 50% (LD) and 70% (HD) compared to control. A stronger tumor inhibitory effect was observed in a second experiment where arctigenin intervention started two weeks prior to tumor implantation. Arc was detectable in blood and tumors in Arc groups, with a mean value up to 2.0 μM in blood, and 8.3 nmol/g tissue in tumors. Tumor levels of proliferation marker Ki67, total and nuclear androgen receptor, and growth factors including VEGF, EGF, and FGF-β were significantly decreased by Arc, along with an increase in apoptosis marker of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Genes responsive to arctigenin were identified including TIMP3 and ZNF185, and microRNAs including miR-126-5p, and miR-21-5p. This study provides the first in vivo evidence of the strong anticancer activity of arctigenin in prostate cancer. The effective dose of arctigenin in vitro is physiologically achievable in vivo, which provides a high promise in its translation to human application.
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Yamaki K, Takahashi Y. Additive Beneficial Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Quercetin on the Arteriosclerosis Index in Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Yamaki
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute
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Hu XQ, Sun Y, Lau E, Zhao M, Su SB. Advances in Synergistic Combinations of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2016; 16:346-56. [PMID: 26638885 PMCID: PMC5425653 DOI: 10.2174/1568009616666151207105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathology of cancer development requires correspondingly complex treatments. The traditional application of individual single-target drugs fails to sufficiently treat cancer with durable therapeutic effects and tolerable adverse events. Therefore, synergistic combinations of drugs represent a promising way to enhance efficacy, overcome toxicity and optimize safety. Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) have long been used as such synergistic combinations. Therefore, we summarized the synergistic combinations of CHMs used in the treatment of cancer and their roles in chemotherapy in terms of enhancing efficacy, reducing side effects, immune modulation, as well as abrogating drug resistance. Our conclusions support the development of further science-based holistic modalities for cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shi-Bing Su
- Department of Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Sak K. The Val158Met polymorphism in COMT gene and cancer risk: role of endogenous and exogenous catechols. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 49:56-83. [PMID: 27826992 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1258075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT, is an important phase II enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a methyl-group from S-adenosylmethionine to a catechol-containing substrate molecule. A genetic variant Val158Met in the COMT gene leads to a several-fold decrease in the enzymatic activity giving rise to the accumulation of potentially carcinogenic endogenous catechol estrogens and their reactive intermediates and increasing thus the risk of tumorigenesis. However, numerous association studies between the COMT genotype and susceptibility to various malignancies have shown inconsistent and controversial findings indicating that additional gene-gene and gene-environment interactions might be crucial in modulating the physiological role of the COMT. In this review article, the important contribution of dietary catechol-containing flavonoids to modification of the relationships between the COMT genotype and cancer risk is discussed. Whereas, the diverse anticancer activities of common phytochemicals, such as green tea polyphenols, quercetin, fisetin or luteolin, can be markedly changed (both decreased or increased) by the COMT-mediated O-methylation of these exogenous substrates, flavonoids can also behave as potent inhibitors of the COMT enzyme slowing detoxification of endogenous catechol estrogens. Such a many-featured functioning of the COMT and its complex regulation by several different genetic and environmental factors, including plant-based food ingredients, emphasizes the necessity to further stratify the association studies between the COMT genotype and tumor risk by consumption of catechol-containing dietary flavonoids. Currently, it can be only speculated that some of the possible associations might be masked by the regular intake of specific food polyphenols, taking effect in certain communities or populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
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Niedzwiecki A, Roomi MW, Kalinovsky T, Rath M. Anticancer Efficacy of Polyphenols and Their Combinations. Nutrients 2016; 8:E552. [PMID: 27618095 PMCID: PMC5037537 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, found abundantly in plants, display many anticarcinogenic properties including their inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation as well as inducing apoptosis. In addition, they can modulate immune system response and protect normal cells against free radicals damage. Most investigations on anticancer mechanisms of polyphenols were conducted with individual compounds. However, several studies, including ours, have indicated that anti-cancer efficacy and scope of action can be further enhanced by combining them synergistically with chemically similar or different compounds. While most studies investigated the anti-cancer effects of combinations of two or three compounds, we used more comprehensive mixtures of specific polyphenols and mixtures of polyphenols with vitamins, amino acids and other micronutrients. The mixture containing quercetin, curcumin, green tea, cruciferex, and resveratrol (PB) demonstrated significant inhibition of the growth of Fanconi anemia head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 secretion, cell migration and invasion through Matrigel. PB was found effective in inhibition of fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and melanoma A2058 cell proliferation, MMP-2 and -9 expression, invasion through Matrigel and inducing apoptosis, important parameters for cancer prevention. A combination of polyphenols (quercetin and green tea extract) with vitamin C, amino acids and other micronutrients (EPQ) demonstrated significant suppression of ovarian cancer ES-2 xenograft tumor growth and suppression of ovarian tumor growth and lung metastasis from IP injection of ovarian cancer A-2780 cells. The EPQ mixture without quercetin (NM) also has shown potent anticancer activity in vivo and in vitro in a few dozen cancer cell lines by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, MMP-2 and -9 secretion, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell growth as well as induction of apoptosis. The presence of vitamin C, amino acids and other micronutrients could enhance inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on secretion of MMPs. In addition, enrichment of NM with quercetin (EPQ mix) enhanced anticancer activity of NM in vivo. In conclusion, polyphenols, especially in combination with other polyphenols or micronutrients, have been shown to be effective against multiple targets in cancer development and progression, and should be considered as safe and effective approaches in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Waheed Roomi
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA.
| | - Tatiana Kalinovsky
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA.
| | - Matthias Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA.
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Wang P, Henning SM, Magyar CE, Elshimali Y, Heber D, Vadgama JV. Green tea and quercetin sensitize PC-3 xenograft prostate tumors to docetaxel chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:73. [PMID: 27151407 PMCID: PMC4858851 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy with docetaxel (Doc) remains the standard treatment for metastatic and castration-resistance prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the clinical success of Doc is limited by its chemoresistance and side effects. This study investigated whether natural products green tea (GT) and quercetin (Q) enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Doc in CRPC in mouse models. Methods Male severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice (n = 10 per group) were inoculated with androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells subcutaneously. When tumors were established the intervention started. Mice were administered with GT + Q, Doc 5 mg/kg (LD), GT + Q + LD Doc, Doc 10 mg/kg (HD) or control. The concentration of GT polyphenols in brewed tea administered as drinking water was 0.07 % and Q was supplemented in diet at 0.4 %. Doc was intravenously injected weekly for 4 weeks, GT and Q given throughout the study. Results GT + Q or LD Doc slightly inhibited tumor growth compared to control. However, the combination of GT and Q with LD Doc significantly enhanced the potency of Doc 2-fold and reduced tumor growth by 62 % compared to LD Doc in 7-weeks intervention. A decrease of Ki67 and increase of cleaved caspase 7 were observed in tumors by the mixture, along with lowered blood concentrations of growth factors like VEGF and EGF. The mixture significantly elevated the levels of tumor suppressor mir15a and mir330 in tumor tissues. An increased risk of liver toxicity was only observed with HD Doc treatment. Conclusions These results provide a promising regimen to enhance the therapeutic effect of Doc in a less toxic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA. .,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Ullah N, Ahmad M, Aslam H, Tahir MA, Aftab M, Bibi N, Ahmad S. Green tea phytocompounds as anticancer: A review. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hoang VD, Lee AH, Pham NM, Xu D, Binns CW. Habitual Tea Consumption Reduces Prostate Cancer Risk in Vietnamese Men: a Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4939-4944. [PMID: 28032720 PMCID: PMC5454700 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.11.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An upward trend has been noted for the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in Vietnam, but information
is limited on modifiable factors associated with this form of cancer. This case-control study was conducted to ascertain
any relationship between habitual tea consumption and PCa risk. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-three
incident patients with histologically confirmed PCa and 419 (340 community-based and 79 hospital-based) controls,
matched by age, were recruited in Ho Chi Minh City during 2013-2015. Information on frequency, quantity and
duration of tea consumption, together with demographics, habitual diet and lifestyle characteristics, was obtained by
direct interviews using a validated questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations
between tea consumption variables and PCa risk. Results: The control subjects reported higher tea consumption levels
in terms of cumulative exposure, frequency and quantity of tea drank than the PCa patients. After accounting for
confounding factors, increasing tea consumption was found to be associated with reduced risk of PCa. The adjusted
odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.52 (95% CI 0.35-0.79) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.18-0.48) for participants
drinking 100-500 ml/day and > 500 ml/day, respectively, relative to those drinking < 100 ml/day. Significant inverse
dose-response relationships were also observed for years of drinking and number of cups consumed daily (P <0.01).
Conclusion: Habitual tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of PCa in Vietnamese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Dong Hoang
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia,National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1-Yersin Street, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia,Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 284-Luong Ngoc Quyen Street, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam,For Correspondence:
| | - Dan Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Colin W Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Abstract
This review is to describe synergistic effects of various combinations of dietary natural products including curcumin, quercetin, soybean isoflavones, silibinin, and EGCG that have potential for the treatment of prostate cancer. These data can provide valuable insights into the future rational design and development of synergistic and/or hybrid agents for potential treatment of prostate cancer.
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Yang F, Song L, Wang H, Wang J, Xu Z, Xing N. Combination of Quercetin and 2-Methoxyestradiol Enhances Inhibition of Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP and PC-3 Cells Xenograft Tumor Growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128277. [PMID: 26011145 PMCID: PMC4444352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) are promising anti-cancer substances. Our previous in vitro study showed that quercetin synergized with 2-Methoxyestradiol exhibiting increased antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in both androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. In the present study, we determined whether their combination could inhibit LNCaP and PC-3 xenograft tumor growth in vivo and explored the underlying mechanism. Human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in male BALB/c nude mice. When xenograft tumors reached about 100 mm3, mice were randomly allocated to vehicle control, quercetin or 2-Methoxyestradiol singly treated and combination treatment groups. After therapeutic intervention for 4 weeks, combination treatment of quercetin and 2-ME i) significantly inhibited prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth by 46.8% for LNCaP and 51.3% for PC-3 as compared to vehicle control group, more effective than quercetin (28.4% for LNCaP, 24.8% for PC3) or 2-ME (32.1% for LNCaP, 28.9% for PC3) alone; ii) was well tolerated by BALB/c mice and no obvious toxic reactions were observed; iii) led to higher Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression and apoptosis rate; and iv) resulted in lower phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) protein level, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA expression, microvascular density and proliferation rate than single drug treatment. These effects were more remarkable compared to vehicle group. Therefore, combination of quercetin and 2-ME can serve as a novel clinical treatment regimen owning the potential of enhancing antitumor effect on prostate cancer in vivo and lessening the dose and side effects of either quercetin or 2-ME alone. These in vivo results will lay a further solid basis for subsequent researches on this novel therapeutic regimen in human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liming Song
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Srinivasan A, Thangavel C, Liu Y, Shoyele S, Den RB, Selvakumar P, Lakshmikuttyamma A. Quercetin regulates β-catenin signaling and reduces the migration of triple negative breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:743-56. [PMID: 25968914 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack in estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. TNBC exhibits most of the characteristics of basal-like and claudin-low breast cancer subtypes. The main contributor in the mortality of TNBC is due to the higher invasive and migratory ability of these tumor cells. Some plant flavonoids inhibit the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells and suppress cancer metastasis. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the flavonoid quercetin is effective in modulating the molecular signaling associated with EMT in TNBC. Our data indicated that quercetin can induce the expression of E-cadherin and also downregulate vimentin levels in TNBC. The ability of quercetin to modulate these EMT markers resulted in a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Quercetin-induced MET was linked with the alteration of nuclear localization of β-catenin and modulation of β-catenin target genes such as cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Furthermore, we observed that quercetin induced the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin by inhibiting the migratory ability of TNBC cells. These results suggested that quercetin may inhibit TNBC metastasis and also improve the therapeutic efficacy of existing chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunday Shoyele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ponniah Selvakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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