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Costa R, Mesquita A, Motrico E, Domínguez-Salas S, Dikmen-Yildiz P, Saldivia S, Vousoura E, Osorio A, Wilson CA, Bina R, Levy D, Christoforou A, González MF, Hancheva C, Felice E, Pinto TM. Unmet needs in mental healthcare for women with clinically significant symptoms of perinatal depression and/or anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 150:474-491. [PMID: 38342101 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Unmet needs in perinatal mental healthcare are an important public health issue particularly in the context of a stressful life event such as the COVID-19 pandemic but data on the extent of this problem are needed. AIM The aim of this study is to determine the (1) proportion of women with clinically significant symptoms of perinatal depression, anxiety or comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety, receiving mental healthcare overall and by country and (2) factors associated with receiving mental healthcare. METHOD Women in the perinatal period (pregnancy or up to 6 months postpartum) participating in the Riseup-PPD-COVID-19 cross-sectional study, reported on sociodemographic, social support health-related factors, and COVID-19 related factors, and on symptoms of depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7]) using self-report questionnaires. Clinically significant symptoms were defined as EPDS ≥ 13 for depression and GAD-7 ≥ 10 for anxiety. Mental healthcare was defined as self-reported current mental health treatment. RESULTS Of the 11 809 participants from 12 countries included in the analysis, 4 379 (37.1%) reported clinically significant symptoms of depression (n = 1 228; 10.4%; EPDS ≥ 13 and GAD-7 ⟨ 10), anxiety (n = 848; 7.2%; GAD-7 ≥ 10 and EPDS ⟨ 13) or comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety (n = 2 303; 19.5%; EPDS ≥ 13 and GAD-7 ≥ 10). Most women with clinically significant symptoms of depression, anxiety, or comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety were not receiving mental healthcare (89.0%). Variation in the proportion of women with clinically significant symptoms of depression and/or anxiety reporting mental healthcare was high (4.7% in Turkey to 21.6% in Brazil). Women in the postpartum (vs. pregnancy) were less likely (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59-0.88), whereas women with previous mental health problems (vs. no previous mental health problems) (OR 5.56; 95% CI 4.41-7.01), were more likely to receive mental healthcare. CONCLUSION There are high unmet needs in mental healthcare for women with clinically significant symptoms of perinatal depression and/or anxiety across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and covering the whole range of mental health problems in the perinatal period are warranted to understand the gaps in perinatal mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Hei-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Mesquita
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ProChild CoLab Against Poverty and Social Exclusion - Association (ProChild CoLAB) Campus de Couros R, Guimarães
| | - Emma Motrico
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Spain
| | | | | | - Sandra Saldivia
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine. Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Eleni Vousoura
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Osorio
- Graduate Program on Developmental Disorders and Mackenzie Center for Research in Childhood and Adolescence, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claire A Wilson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Rena Bina
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Drorit Levy
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Andri Christoforou
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, European University Cyprus, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Tiago Miguel Pinto
- Hei-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
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Arilha M, Carvalho AP, Forster TA, Rodrigues CVM, Briguglio B, Serruya SJ. Women's mental health and COVID-19: increased vulnerability and inequalities. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 5:1414355. [PMID: 39416672 PMCID: PMC11480059 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1414355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The impact of COVID-19 on mental health has become a relevant object of research. Studies have demonstrated that women have experienced greater mental health challenges, highlighting the importance of public health systems to address women's specific needs. Methods This literature review explores the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on psychological distress among women, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject and to explore how these research findings can guide public mental health care responses in crisis settings. A total of 131 studies were analyzed and four dimensions were discussed: study characteristics, factors impacting women's mental health in the pandemic setting, particularities of pregnancy and the postpartum period, and proposed interventions. Most studies exclusively addressed populations of adult women, predominantly during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Results Anxiety, depression, and stress were the most common outcomes. Lower education and income, preexisting mental health problems, and living alone or with children were risk factors for higher levels of anxiety and depression. Discussion A comprehensive care approach supported by public health policies and focused on intersectional factors, including race, socioeconomic status, and access to resources, is necessary to improve women's mental health care response in future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth Arilha
- Elza Berquó Center for Population Studies, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Thais A. Forster
- Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carla V. M. Rodrigues
- Department of Sectoral Development, Brazilian Regulatory Agency for Private Plans (ANS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Briguglio
- Labor Movens - Working conditions in Tourism, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Suzanne J. Serruya
- Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women and Reproductive Health, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Bartmann C, Kimmel T, Davidova P, Kalok M, Essel C, Ben Ahmed F, McNeill RV, Wolfgang T, Reif A, Bahlmann F, Wöckel A, Trautmann-Villalba P, Kämmerer U, Kittel-Schneider S. The impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310902. [PMID: 39302940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health during pregnancy and the postpartum period. METHODS The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic situation during and post pregnancy was addressed on three main factors; maternal mental health, mother-child bonding, and maternal self-confidence. To do this, two different patient cohorts were compared; data from one cohort was collected pre-pandemic, and data was collected from the other cohort at the beginning of the pandemic. Questionnaires were used to collect data regarding depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]), anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), maternal self-confidence (Lips Maternal Self-Confidence Scale [LMSCS]) and mother-child bonding (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire [PBQ]). RESULTS There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms (EPDS with an average median of 4.00-5.00) or anxiety (STAI with an average median of 29.00-33.00) between the cohorts. However, the quality of postpartum maternal bonding was higher at 3-6 months in the pandemic cohort, which was also influenced by education and the mode and number of births. The maternal self-confidence was lower in the pandemic sample, also depending on the mode of birth delivery. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a differential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mother-child bonding and maternal self-confidence was observed. The results thereby identified possible protective factors of the pandemic, which could potentially be implemented to improve maternal mental health and bonding to the child under normal circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Bartmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Kimmel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Davidova
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalok
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Corina Essel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fadia Ben Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rhiannon V McNeill
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Wolfgang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franz Bahlmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buergerhospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Kämmerer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Acute Mental Health Unit, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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Davis A, Bradley D. Telemedicine utilization and perceived quality of virtual care among pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Telemed Telecare 2024; 30:1261-1269. [PMID: 36398415 PMCID: PMC9679316 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x221133862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this research was to examine the association between perceived quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the modality of maternity care visits, virtual or in-person. METHODS This study utilized an online nationwide survey about experiences in prenatal and postpartum care between 18 April and 6 August 2020. Perceived quality of care was categorized into worse care, better, or the same care as compared to before the pandemic. Barriers were categorized into five groups: (1) concern for the privacy of health information, (2) not having a private or quiet place, (3) lack of physical exam or measurements, (4) quality of care, and (5) technology issues. Data analyses included bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The majority (75.3%) of modified visits utilized telemedicine. Over half of the women took at-home measurements and the majority were successful. Barriers to care included a lack of a quiet or private space to conduct their visit. Women expressed concerns about a lack of measurements and a lower quality of care. Women who received telemedicine visits perceived worse care as compared to women who received in-person care visits (OR = 5.62; 95% CI 5.01-6.31). DISCUSSION Previous studies have shown that pregnant patients are generally satisfied with virtual care during the pandemic. This study provides insight from a large nationwide sample of women and geographic variation in satisfaction and perceived quality. These findings highlight barriers and potential solutions to improving patients' perceived quality of virtual maternity care, and thus future uptake of high-quality, virtual care.
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Becker E, Atkinson L, Gonzalez A, Khoury J. Social support buffers the impact of pregnancy stress on perceptions of parent-infant closeness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infant Ment Health J 2024; 45:328-340. [PMID: 38196240 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant individuals and parents have experienced elevated mental health problems and stress during COVID-19. Stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the fetus and detrimental to the parent-child relationship. However, social support is known to act as a protective factor, buffering against the adverse effects of stress. The present study examined whether (1) prenatal stress during COVID-19 was associated with parent-infant closeness at 6 months postpartum, and (2) social support moderated the effect of prenatal stress on the parent-infant relationship. In total, 181 participants completed questionnaires during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to assess whether social support moderated the effect of stress during pregnancy on parent-infant closeness at 6 months postpartum. Results indicated a significant interaction between prenatal stress and social support on parents' perceptions of closeness with their infants at 6 months postpartum (β = .805, p = .029); parents who experienced high prenatal stress with high social support reported greater parent-infant closeness, compared to those who reported high levels of stress and low social support. Findings underscore the importance of social support in protecting the parent-infant relationship, particularly in times of high stress, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Becker
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Metropolitan Toronto University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Khoury
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Khoury JE, Atkinson L, Gonzalez A. A longitudinal study examining the associations between prenatal and postnatal maternal distress and toddler socioemotional developmental during the COVID-19 pandemic. INFANCY 2024; 29:412-436. [PMID: 38329905 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Elevated psychological distress, experienced by pregnant women and parents, has been well-documented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most research focuses on the first 6-months postpartum, with single or limited repeated measures of perinatal distress. The present longitudinal study examined how perinatal distress, experienced over nearly 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted toddler socioemotional development. A sample of 304 participants participated during pregnancy, 6-weeks, 6-months, and 15-months postpartum. Mothers reported their depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, at each timepoint. Mother-reported toddler socioemotional functioning (using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment) was measured at 15-months. Results of structural equation mediation models indicated that (1) higher prenatal distress was associated with elevated postpartum distress, from 6-weeks to 15-months postpartum; (2) associations between prenatal distress and toddler socioemotional problems became nonsignificant after accounting for postpartum distress; and (3) higher prenatal distress was indirectly associated with greater socioemotional problems, and specifically elevated externalizing problems, through higher maternal distress at 6 weeks and 15 months postpartum. Findings suggest that the continued experience of distress during the postpartum period plays an important role in child socioemotional development during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Khoury
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Metropolitan Toronto University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Caffieri A, Gómez‐Gómez I, Barquero‐Jimenez C, De‐Juan‐Iglesias P, Margherita G, Motrico E. Global prevalence of perinatal depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review and meta-analytic synthesis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:210-224. [PMID: 38113292 PMCID: PMC10823409 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed by several systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses which provided contrasting and different results. We aimed to summarize the evidence relating to the global prevalence of anxiety and depression among pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS An umbrella review of SRs and meta-analyses was performed. Searches were conducted in electronic databases up to April 2023. SRs and meta-analyses reporting the prevalence of perinatal anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected for eligibility. Primary studies extracted from eligible meta-analyses were included in the quantitative synthesis. The research protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020173125). RESULTS A total of 25 SRs (198 primary studies) and 12 meta-analyses (129 primary studies) were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Studies involved data from five continents and 45 countries. The pooled prevalence of antenatal and postpartum depression was 29% (n = 55; 95% CI: 25%-33%) and 26% (n = 54; 95% CI: 23%-30%), respectively. In the case of anxiety, the pooled antenatal and postnatal prevalence was 31% (n = 44; 95% CI: 26%-37%; n = 16; 95% CI: 24%-39%). Differences emerged between continents, with Africa having the highest prevalence of perinatal depression and Oceania and Europe having the highest prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety. The prevalence also varied depending on the assessment tools, especially for antenatal anxiety. A medium-high quality of the studies was observed. One SR assessed strength-of-evidence, reporting very low strength. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, depression and anxiety were common, affecting almost one in three perinatal women globally. A high heterogeneity and a risk of publication bias were found, partially due to the variety of assessment tools and cut-offs. The results may not be generalized to minorities. Studies on the prevalence of clinical diagnoses are needed. Based on our results it is not possible to firmly affirm that the COVID-19 pandemic was the main factor that directly increased perinatal depression and anxiety during the past few years. Future studies should study other factors' impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Caffieri
- Department of Humanistic StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | | | | | - Giorgia Margherita
- Department of Humanistic StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Emma Motrico
- Department of PsychologyUniversidad Loyola AndalucíaSevilleSpain
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Xu X, Shi Z, Zhou L, Lin J, Atlantis E, Chen X, Hussain A, Wang Y, Wang Y. Impact of COVID-19 on risks and deaths of non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 43:100795. [PMID: 38456087 PMCID: PMC10920048 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Countries and areas in the Western Pacific region (WPR) experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and took various preventive measures, which affected non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risks and mortality. Due to differences in COVID-19 prevention measures and other characteristics such as culture, religions, political systems, socioeconomic development, lifestyles, and health care systems, the effects of COVID-19 on NCDs varied greatly among WPR countries. Most countries had an increased all-cause and NCDs mortality during the pandemic, but some developed countries, including New Zealand, Singapore and Australia reported decreased mortality. The pandemic and the preventive measures increased NCD risk factors including unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity and sleep disorders. The effects varied by socioeconomic status and health conditions. COVID-19 related stress, food shortages, and confined lifestyle had immediate detrimental effects on NCDs, and also affected pregnancy outcomes with long-term effects on NCDs risks in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xu
- School of Population Heath, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Evan Atlantis
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xinguang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Public Health Institute, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, 8049, Norway
- International Diabetes Federation, 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe, B-1170, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Youfa Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Public Health Institute, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Oliver C, Puiras E, Sharma V, Mazmanian D. Careful considerations for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder during and following pregnancy. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:159-170. [PMID: 38196397 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2303430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The focus on perinatal mental health has expanded recently, though there is less research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, a review of the literature was undertaken and coupled with expert clinical insights to discuss current clinical practice recommendations for PTSD in the perinatal period. AREAS COVERED This review covers considerations for the assessment, prevention, and treatment of PTSD during the perinatal period. Within these sections, evidence-based and promising practices are outlined. Extra attention is afforded to treatment, which includes considerations from both psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological perspectives. This review closes with coverage of three important and related areas of consideration, including bereavement, intimate partner violence, and childhood sexual abuse. EXPERT OPINION Psychotherapeutic interventions for PTSD during pregnancy are limited, and no strong recommendations can be supported at this time while evidence points toward the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapies and eye movement desensitization therapy as first-line treatments postpartum though research evidence is also limited. Research on psychopharmacological interventions is similarly scarce, though selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be beneficial. Clinicians should also be mindful of additional considerations that may be needed for the treatment of PTSD in the context of bereavement, intimate partner violence, and history of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Oliver
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika Puiras
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Verinder Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Parkwood Institute Mental Health, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dwight Mazmanian
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Janik K, Iwanowicz-Palus G, Cybulski M. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Behaviours of Pregnant Women in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:88. [PMID: 38201917 PMCID: PMC10781096 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Health behaviours of pregnant women should promote an optimal course of pregnancy and maternal health. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women's health behaviours (proper eating habits with a particular focus on the type of food consumed; preventive behaviours in terms of compliance with health recommendations and obtaining information on health and disease; healthy practices-daily habits in terms of sleep, rest and physical activity; as well as positive mental attitudes-avoiding strong emotions, stress, and depressing situations, determined by the frequency of each behaviour reported by the respondents). The study included women at different stages of pregnancy and women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 355 women participated in the study. The study used a proprietary questionnaire and the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI). The overall health behaviour score during the pandemic was higher (85.87) than the pre-pandemic score (82.16). There was a statistically significant difference between the total pre-pandemic and during-pandemic HBI scores. Additionally, there was an increase in the total score in each of the health behaviour domains during the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women presented a statistically significantly higher rate of health behaviours, as measured with the HBI, indicating that respondents were more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviours. The study has shown a positive change in pregnant women's eating habits, which can potentially affect the health of the population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Janik
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 7A Street, 15-096 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Grazyna Iwanowicz-Palus
- Department of Development in Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4/6 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Cybulski
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 7A Street, 15-096 Bialystok, Poland;
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Levinson A, Lobel M, Preis H, Mahaffey B. Coping with subjective and objective stress during a pandemic pregnancy: implications for maternal mental health. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:819-829. [PMID: 37555873 PMCID: PMC10842317 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic heightened prenatal maternal stress, a risk factor for poorer maternal and infant health. There was substantial variability, however, in the extent to which the stress of pandemic pregnancy influenced maternal mental health. Some of this variability may have been due to the different coping strategies used to manage pandemic stress. In this cross-sectional study of 7,383 pregnant women in the U.S. (M = 25.69 ± 8.71 weeks gestational age) recruited during the first and second U.S. waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined associations of objective stressors, the subjective experience of stress, and the use of four coping strategies with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Spiritual coping, planning/preparation, and avoidant coping were associated with increased subjective and objective stress and with greater mood and anxiety symptoms, whereas coping by positive appraisal was associated with modestly lower subjective stress and with lower mood and anxiety symptoms. We also found small interactions of stress and coping in predicting mood and anxiety symptoms, suggesting that fit between coping strategy and type of stress influences coping outcomes. Specific coping strategy used as well as the fit between coping strategy and stress type may determine whether coping buffers or exacerbates mood and anxiety symptoms. The small magnitude of these associations suggests that individual-level coping may be insufficient in the face of the overwhelming nature of the stress accompanying a global pandemic. This work adds to our understanding of coping with pregnancy stress in the context of population-level stressors (i.e., a pandemic or large-scale disaster).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Levinson
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Marci Lobel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Heidi Preis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Brittain Mahaffey
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Thibaut F, ELNahas G. Women's Mental Health and Lessons Learnt from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:415-426. [PMID: 37500241 PMCID: PMC10110924 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Women are at the highest risk of pandemic adversities as they represent the majority of health and frontline workers in addition to their essential roles at home. We review gender differences during the COVID-19 pandemic by demonstrating risk-exposure during specific situations such as pregnancy, women's mental health fallouts, COVID-19 disease itself and exposure to different forms of violence. We discuss the particularities that women face in developing countries with depicted examples from some countries in Africa and the Middle East. Women mental health care service stands out as an essential component of the national response to pandemics. Women's integration and leadership in the national pandemic response planning is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Thibaut
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U1266 Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), AP-HP.
| | - Gihan ELNahas
- NeuroPsychiatry Department Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Lantigua-Martinez M, Trostle ME, Torres AM, Rajeev P, Dennis A, Silverstein JS, Talib M. Perinatal depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100253. [PMID: 37560009 PMCID: PMC10407240 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quarantining and isolation during previous pandemics have been associated with higher levels of depression symptomatology. Studies in other countries found elevated rates of anxiety and/or depression among pregnant people during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic rates. New York City was the initial epicenter of the pandemic in the United States, and the effects of the pandemic on perinatal depression in this population are not well known. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the rates of perinatal depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients screened for perinatal depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 2 private academic practices in New York City. This screen is done in these practices at the time of the glucose challenge test and at the postpartum visit. Patients aged ≥18 years who completed a screen at a postpartum visit and/or glucose challenge test from February 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019 and from February 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020 were identified, and the 2019 and 2020 groups were compared. The primary outcome was a positive screen, defined as ≥13 and ≥15 for postnatal and prenatal screens, respectively. Secondary outcomes included monthly changes in rates of positive screens and factors associated with perinatal depression. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, or Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariate analyses with P<.05 defined as significant. RESULTS A total of 1366 records met the inclusion criteria; 75% of the prepandemic (2019) records were included, as opposed to 65% of pandemic (2020) records due to a lower screen completion rate in the pandemic cohort. The 2020 cohort had a higher proportion of Hispanic patients (P=.003) and higher rates of diabetes mellitus (P=.007), preterm labor (P=.03), and current or former drug use (P<.001). The 2019 cohort had higher rates of hypertension (P=.002) and breastfeeding (P=.03); 4.6% of the 2020 cohort had a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. There was no difference in perinatal depression between the 2019 and 2020 cohorts (2.8% vs 2.6%; P>.99). This finding persisted after adjusting for baseline differences (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.86; P=.76). There were no differences in rates of positive Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale by month. Several risk factors were associated with a positive screen, including being unmarried (P<.001), pulmonary disease (P=.02), depression (P<.001), anxiety (P=.01), bipolar disorder (P=.009), and use of anxiolytics (P=.04). CONCLUSION There were no differences in the rates of perinatal depression between the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of perinatal depression in this cohort was below the reported averages in the literature. Fewer women were screened for perinatal depression in 2020, which likely underestimated the prevalence of depression in our cohort. These findings highlight potential gaps in care in a pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meralis Lantigua-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
| | - Megan E. Trostle
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Trostle and Silverstein), New York, NY
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's University Hospital (Dr Trostle), Bethlehem, PA
| | - Anthony Melendez Torres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
| | - Pournami Rajeev
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine (Mses Rajeev and Dennis), New York, NY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Ms Rajeev), New York, NY
| | - Alyson Dennis
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine (Mses Rajeev and Dennis), New York, NY
| | - Jenna S. Silverstein
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Trostle and Silverstein), New York, NY
| | - Mahino Talib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
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Kovacheva K, Rodríguez-Muñoz MF, Gómez-Baya D, Domínguez-Salas S, Motrico E. The socio-demographic profile associated with perinatal depression during the COVID-19 era. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:786. [PMID: 37118763 PMCID: PMC10141819 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an increase in perinatal depression. The aim of this research was to identify which sociodemographic variables are related to the increase in perinatal depression due to the pandemic. In addition to estimating to what extent they predict perinatal depression, differentiating the prenatal and postnatal periods. METHODS The sample consisted of 3,356 subjects, 1,402 in the prenatal period and 1,954 in the postnatal period. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. A subset of 14 questions was included to collect demographic data. Items from the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences Survey were also included. RESULTS Experiencing the change of environment due to COVID-19 as negative and having a history of mental health predict perinatal depression, otherwise having higher education decreases the risk. In the prenatal stage having symptoms compatible with COVID-19 is a predictor of perinatal depression and having more than 3 years living together with the partner and being a housewife decreases the risk. In the postnatal stage being unemployed is a predictor of prenatal depression and being a first-time mother decreases the risk. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the relevance of sociodemographic status. It is essential to be aware of the risk factors of perinatal depression, to make adequate prevention, and to create health policies to alleviate the consequences of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Kovacheva
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diego Gómez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain
| | - Emma Motrico
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain
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Berthelot N, Garon-Bissonnette J, Drouin-Maziade C, Bergeron V, Sériès T. STEP-COVID: a pilot study of a prenatal intervention for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6466. [PMID: 37081093 PMCID: PMC10116444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a global increase in psychological distress in pregnant women. This study evaluated the effects of STEP-COVID, a six-session mentalization-based prenatal group program offered online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 100 participants were allocated to STEP-COVID or to the natural trajectory of prenatal care. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included measures of psychological distress, post-traumatic symptoms and positive affectivity. Perception of change during pregnancy on resilience-promoting factors was also assessed at post-intervention. A significant decrease in psychological distress and post-traumatic symptoms and an increase in positive affectivity were observed in participants in the intervention condition, whereas only post-traumatic symptoms improved in the control condition. Women who participated in STEP-COVID also reported greater changes during pregnancy on resilience-promoting factors than women in the control condition. Results hold promise for buffering the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women using brief online interventions. Clinical trial registration: NCT05419167 (15/06/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Drouin-Maziade
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Bergeron
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibaut Sériès
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
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Phipps JE, Whipps MDM, D'Souza I, LaSalle JM, Simmons LA. Pregnant in a Pandemic: Mental Wellbeing and Associated Healthy Behaviors Among Pregnant People in California During COVID-19. Matern Child Health J 2023:10.1007/s10995-023-03657-w. [PMID: 37029891 PMCID: PMC10083068 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03657-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability to mental health disorders. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of depression and anxiety. Thus, we aimed to assess mental health and associated healthy behaviors of pregnant people in California during the pandemic in order to contextualize prenatal well-being during the first pandemic of the twenty-first century. METHODS We conducted an online cross-sectional study of 433 pregnant people from June 6 through July 29, 2020. We explored 3 hypotheses: (1) mental health would be worse during the pandemic than in general pregnant samples to date; (2) first-time pregnant people would have worse mental health; and (3) healthy behaviors would be positively related to mental health. RESULTS Many of our participants (22%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms and 31% reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Multiparous pregnant people were more likely to express worries about their own health and wellbeing and the process of childbirth than were primiparous pregnant people. Additionally, as pregnancy advanced, sleep and nutrition worsened, while physical activity increased. Lastly, anxious-depressive symptomology was significantly predictive of participant sleep behaviors, nutrition, and physical activity during the past week. DISCUSSION Pregnant people had worse mental health during the pandemic, and this was associated with worse health-promoting behaviors. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated risks are likely to persist due to low vaccination rates and the emergence of variants with high infection rates, care that promotes mental and physical well-being for the pregnant population should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Phipps
- Department of Human Ecology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Mackenzie D M Whipps
- Department of Human Ecology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Indira D'Souza
- Department of Human Ecology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Simmons
- Department of Human Ecology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Khoury JE, Jambon M, Giles L, Atkinson L, Gonzalez A. Trajectories of distress from pregnancy to 15-months post-partum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1104386. [PMID: 37063573 PMCID: PMC10102331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1104386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has particularly burdened pregnant and postpartum women. It remains unclear how distress levels of pregnant and postpartum people have changed (or persisted) as the pandemic continues on and which factors may contribute to these trajectories of distress.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 304 pregnant people, who were followed during pregnancy, 6-weeks, 6-months and 15-months postpartum. At each time point, a latent “distress” factor was estimated using self-reported depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress. Reported negative impact of COVID-19 and social support were assessed during pregnancy as risk and protective factors related to distress. Second-order latent growth curve modeling with a piecewise growth function was used to estimate initial levels and changes in distress over time.ResultsMean distress was relatively stable from the pregnancy to 6-weeks postpartum and then declined from 6-weeks to 15-months postpartum. Higher education, greater social support, and lower negative impact of COVID-19 were associated with a lower distress during pregnancy. Unexpectedly, negative impact of COVID-19 was associated with a faster decrease in distress and more social support was associated with a greater increase in distress from pregnancy to 6-weeks postpartum. However, these effects became non-significant after controlling for distress during pregnancy.ConclusionFindings indicate high but declining levels of distress from pregnancy to the postpartum period. Changes in distress are related to social support and the negative impact of the pandemic in pregnancy. Findings highlight the continued impact of COVID-19 on perinatal mental health and the need for support to limit the burden of this pandemic on pregnant people and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Khoury
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jennifer E. Khoury,
| | - Marc Jambon
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Giles
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Metropolitan Toronto University, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Birkelund KS, Rasmussen SS, Shwank SE, Johnson J, Acharya G. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's perinatal mental health and its association with personality traits: An observational study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:270-281. [PMID: 36825665 PMCID: PMC9951299 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of perinatal mental health problems was expected to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. We prospectively investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women in Norway and explored associations with their sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sociodemographic information and the self-reported impact of pandemic on wellbeing of pregnant women was collected using an online survey. To assess women's mental health, two validated questionnaires, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item Scale (GAD-7), were used prenatally and postnatally. Personality traits were evaluated using HumanGuide, a web-based ipsative psychological evaluation instrument. RESULTS 772 women were included prenatally, of which 526 also responded to the survey 4-6 weeks postnatally. The median age was 29 years, 53.6% of the women were nulliparous when enrolled, and 35.1% worked in the healthcare sector. The median EPDS (6.0; interquartile range [IQR] 3.0-10.0 vs 6.0; IQR: 3.0-10.0) and the median GAD-7 (5.0; IQR 2.0-9.0 vs 5.0; IQR 2.0-9.0) were similar pre-and postnatally. Prenatally, the proportion of women scoring ≥13 on EPDS and ≥10 on GAD-7 was 14.5% (112/772) and 21.5% (166/772), whereas the postnatal figures were 15.6% (82/526) and 21.5% (113/526), respectively. The differences were not significant (P = 0.59 and P = 0.99). Being <25 years of age, being on pre-pregnancy psychotherapy or psychotropic medication, frequent voluntary isolation, perception of maternity care not proceeding normally, avoiding seeking medical assistance due to fear of infection and having negative economic consequences during the COVID19 pandemic significantly increased the risk of both anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10) and depression (EPDS ≥13). Nullipara had a higher risk of anxiety, whereas being a healthcare worker had a lower risk. The personality trait factors Power (P = 0.008), Quality (P = 0.008), Stability (P < 0.001) and Contacts (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of depression among pregnant women, whereas the Quality (P = 0.005) and Contacts (P = 0.003) were significant predictors of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of depression (EPDS ≥ 13) and anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 14.5% and 21.5%, respectively, among Norwegian pregnant women. Certain sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits were significant predictors of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine S. Birkelund
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Solrun S. Rasmussen
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Simone E. Shwank
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jonas Johnson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Women's Health, Center for Fetal MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Mesquita A, Costa R, Bina R, Cadarso-Suárez C, Gude F, Díaz-Louzao C, Dikmen-Yildiz P, Osorio A, Mateus V, Domínguez-Salas S, Vousoura E, Levy D, Alfayumi-Zeadna S, Wilson CA, Contreras-García Y, Carrasco-Portiño M, Saldivia S, Christoforou A, Hadjigeorgiou E, Felice E, Buhagiar R, Hancheva C, Ajaz E, Uka A, Motrico E. A cross-country study on the impact of governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2805. [PMID: 36797263 PMCID: PMC9933810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the role of governmental responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, measured by the Containment and Health Index (CHI), on symptoms of anxiety and depression during pregnancy and postpartum, while considering the countries' Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) and individual factors such as age, gravidity, and exposure to COVID-19. A cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Riseup-PPD-COVID-19 observational prospective international study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04595123) was carried out between June and October 2020 in 12 countries (Albania, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom). Participants were 7645 pregnant women or mothers in the postpartum period-with an infant aged up to 6 months-who completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) or the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) during pregnancy or the postpartum period. The overall prevalence of clinically significant depression symptoms (EPDS ≥ 13) was 30%, ranging from 20,5% in Cyprus to 44,3% in Brazil. The prevalence of clinically significant anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 23,6% (ranging from 14,2% in Israel and Turkey to 39,5% in Brazil). Higher symptoms of anxiety or depression were observed in multigravida exposed to COVID-19 or living in countries with a higher number of deaths due to COVID-19. Furthermore, multigravida from countries with lower IHDI or CHI had higher symptoms of anxiety and depression. Perinatal mental health is context-dependent, with women from more disadvantaged countries at higher risk for poor mental health. Implementing more restrictive measures seems to be a protective factor for mental health, at least in the initial phase of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mesquita
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ProChild CoLAB, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas,n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Hei-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rena Bina
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Carmen Cadarso-Suárez
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and Optimization, Group of Biostatistics and Biomedical Data Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Gude
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Group On Epidemiology of Common Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carla Díaz-Louzao
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and Optimization, Group of Biostatistics and Biomedical Data Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Group On Epidemiology of Common Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Ana Osorio
- Graduate Program on Developmental Disorders and Mackenzie Center for Research in Childhood and Adolescence, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Mateus
- Graduate Program on Developmental Disorders and Mackenzie Center for Research in Childhood and Adolescence, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eleni Vousoura
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Drorit Levy
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Samira Alfayumi-Zeadna
- The Center for Women's Health Studies and Promotion, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Nursing Department, School of Health Sciences, Ashkelon Academic College, 78682, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Claire A Wilson
- Section of Women's Mental Health, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yolanda Contreras-García
- Department of Obstetrics and Puericulture. Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mercedes Carrasco-Portiño
- Department of Obstetrics and Puericulture. Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sandra Saldivia
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Andri Christoforou
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, European University Cyprus, Engomi, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ethel Felice
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | - Erilda Ajaz
- Department of Education and English Language, Beder University College, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ana Uka
- Department of Education and English Language, Beder University College, Tirana, Albania
| | - Emma Motrico
- Psychology Department, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Sevilla, Spain.
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20
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The COVID-19 Pandemic Significantly Impacts Pregnancy Planning and Mental Health of Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:178-184. [PMID: 35081079 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND GOALS The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted daily life, particularly in those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic on the pregnancy planning and mental health of women with IBD. METHODS Women with IBD (age 18 to 45 y) were asked to complete anonymous surveys on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy planning and mental health symptoms such as stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with stress, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic. RESULTS Seventy-three women with IBD were included (mean age: 32.1). Of 39 patients who were preconception, 20 (51.3%) reported a significant impact of the pandemic on pregnancy planning, with common reasons for not planning conception being fear of transmission of the virus to the fetus, lack of social supports, and no desire to be in hospital during pregnancy. Over half of all women reported an increase in stress and depression symptoms during the pandemic, with over half also reporting symptoms of anxiety. On multivariable linear regression analyses, increased anxiety levels were a significant predictor of increased stress and depression symptoms during the pandemic. Urban residence and younger age were significant predictors of increased anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of women with IBD experienced an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy planning and mental health illnesses such as stress, depression, and anxiety.
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21
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Pop-Tudose ME, Popescu-Spineni DM, Manolescu LSC, Radu MC, Iancu FC, Armean SM. Psychological profile and mood disturbance of women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania. Midwifery 2023; 117:103571. [PMID: 36525894 PMCID: PMC9722231 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to outline the emotional profile and the mood disturbance of women who gave birth during Emergency and Alert states in Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate how the emergency and alert states due to Covid-19 affected the emotional profile and the mood disturbance of pregnant women who gave birth during these times. We included 244 postpartum women, divided into two groups: 124 women during the State of Emergency and another 120 women during the State of Alert. After expressing their informed consent, they completed an anonymous questionnaire that collected demographic data and the Profile of Mood States Questionnaire, as well as a follow-up survey. Data analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 24.0. RESULTS Out of the 300 questionnaires distributed, we collected 244 valid questionnaires. 45.2% of State of Emergency group and 53.3% of State of Alert group experienced Anxiety, 16.9% of State of Emergency group, respectively 18.3% of State of Alert group, Depression, and 25% of State of Emergency group respectively 34.2% of State of Alert group, Distress. Compared to the ideal Iceberg profile, the emotional profile of both groups presented an inverted graph for Anxiety and Depression and much lower values for Vigor. Only 35.5% of State of Emergency group and 16.7% of State of Alert group received information concerning the virus, symptoms, and evolution of the disease from the specialists who monitored their pregnancy and 25.8% of State of Emergency group respectively 11.7% of State of Alert group received information about measures to prevent contamination and infection. Psycho-emotional and mood disturbance was more pronounced among State of Alert group. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant psycho-emotional alteration of surveyed women during the pandemic, worsened by the radical measures of the State of Emergency and associated with the major deficiency of care services in supplying valid information and counseling for pregnant women's safety in the State of Alert. There is a highlighted need to pay more attention to the psychological profile of pregnant women and to modernize the health services in this field and adapt them to pandemic situations with the use of modern virtual techniques. In addition, the Romanian health care system should round off the team responsible for the care of mother and child with midwives, internationally recognized very skilled in informing, monitoring, counseling, and support in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Elena Pop-Tudose
- Buzau County Emergency Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, Victory Street, no.18, Buzau, Romania,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Midwifery and Healthcare Assistance, Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, no. 8, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania,Corresponding author
| | - Dana Maria Popescu-Spineni
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Midwifery and Healthcare Assistance, Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, no. 8, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania,”Francisc I. Rainer” Institute of Anthropology of the Romanian Academy, House of Academy Street, September 13 Boulevard., no 13, 3rd floor, 050725, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Sabina Cornelia Manolescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Midwifery and Healthcare Assistance, Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, no. 8, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Corina Radu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Midwifery and Healthcare Assistance, Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, no. 8, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Claudia Iancu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Midwifery and Healthcare Assistance, Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, no. 8, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sebastian Mihai Armean
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Victor Babeș Street, no. 8, 400000, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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The Bidirectional Relationship between Gestational Diabetes and Depression in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Search and Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030404. [PMID: 36766979 PMCID: PMC9914262 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic search and review aims to understand the two-way relationship between gestational diabetes and depression. This study assesses gestational diabetes in relation to a history of depression, depression during pregnancy and postpartum depression. Searches were conducted on PubMed and Scopus. Studies were excluded due to being duplicates, not available, published before 2015 or did not include both gestational diabetes and depression. Of the 915 articles initially identified, 22 articles were included for review. Of the included studies, 18 were cohorts, 2 were case-controls, 1 was cross-sectional and 1 was a claims analysis. A meta-ethnography was conducted, and a bidirectional relationship was observed between a history of depression, depression during pregnancy, postpartum depression and gestational diabetes. Differing methodologies between studies were a limiting factor throughout this review. A two-way relationship between gestational diabetes and depression was observed; the diagnosis of gestational diabetes may lead to an increased risk of depression, both during the pregnancy and in the postpartum period, and a history of depression or symptoms of depression during pregnancy may lead to an increased risk of gestational diabetes.
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23
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Manaka M, Sasano N, Chikazawa S, Sasaki A. Review of the Depression Rate among Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health (London) 2023. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2023.151003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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24
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Xavier S, Branquinho M, Pires R, Moreira H, Coelho M, Araújo-Pedrosa A. Dysfunctional Attitudes Toward Motherhood and Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Pregnant Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: the Mediating Roles of Self-Compassion and Mindful Self-Care. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:418-428. [PMID: 36597485 PMCID: PMC9798940 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-02049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives There is evidence that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health of pregnant women, such as an increase in the prevalence of depression. Given the negative consequences that depressive symptoms can pose for pregnant women, it is crucial to understand how cognitive processes influence women's depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among this specific vulnerable population. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between pregnant women's dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood and their depressive symptoms, considering the mediating roles of self-compassion and mindful self-care. Method A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Portugal between October 2020 and April 2021. A sample of 244 pregnant women answered a set of questionnaires to assess dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood, depressive symptoms, self-compassion, and mindful self-care. Results More dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, and this relation was mediated through self-compassion and mindful self-care. Conclusions These results highlight that self-compassion and mindful self-care are important psychological mechanisms and the importance of considering them in psychological interventions to prevent and/or treat depressive symptoms in pregnant women with dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood during stressful events such as a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Xavier
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Branquinho
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pires
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Moreira
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Coelho
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Araújo-Pedrosa
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- grid.28911.330000000106861985Clinical Psychology Service & Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, Reproduction and Neonatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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25
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Jeličić L, Janković S, Sovilj M, Bogavac I, Drobnjak A, Dimitrijević A, Subotić M. Maternal Anxiety and Its Associated Factors During the First and Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Serbia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3775-3792. [PMID: 36573089 PMCID: PMC9789720 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s391694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The COVID 19-pandemic affects people differently, while pregnant women are among the most sensitive populations. The data about maternal mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak are in some ways consistent but also country-specific. Purpose The study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women's anxiety and identify its associated factors. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study included a sample of 358 pregnant women during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Serbia. An anonymous survey included basic demographic questions, pregnancy-related background questions, the question of self-reported COVID-19-related fear, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results The study revealed no pregnant women with low anxiety levels measured by STAI-T and STAI-S, while the STAI-S and STAI-T scores indicated high anxiety in 32.4% and 42.7% of pregnant women, respectively. The obtained results pointed out the nonlinear dependence of state anxiety on observed associated factors and their complex interactions, including the data collecting period. Conclusion Our findings reveal that COVID-19 affects pregnant women's mental health and makes it necessary for psychological monitoring and support for pregnant women, which may be reflected in their mental health but also the development of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Jeličić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Janković
- Department of Acute Perinatal Pathology, Belgrade University Medical School, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Sovilj
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Bogavac
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anđela Drobnjak
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Dimitrijević
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miško Subotić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Institute”, Belgrade, Serbia
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Hamadneh J, Hamadneh S, ALBashtawy M, Alkhawaldeh A, Bashtawi M, Alshloul M, Rayan A, Abdalrahim A. Impact of COVID-19 on perinatal mental health among pregnant mothers infected with COVID-19, during the first wave of the epidemic in Jordan. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12017. [PMID: 36465706 PMCID: PMC9705010 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data concerning the impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection on the mental health of pregnant women are still limited. The study explored baseline information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on mental health in the perinatal period, among mothers infected with COVID-19, during the first wave of the epidemic in Jordan. The current study aimed to examine the anxiety levels of pregnant women infected with coronavirus over the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from March to December 2021, using an online survey that addressed key issues related to the role of COVID-19 infection in developing anxiety among pregnant women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The study population was pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection, and who agreed to participate in the study (n = 530). Results The results indicated that one-third of the women had contracted coronavirus infection in each trimester. Most had no pregnancy complications (78.0%), 42.0% had no symptoms of coronavirus infection, 10.0% were hospitalized and 2.0% were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Approximately half declared that they did not receive support from the medical staff, although 71.0% had very good support from their families. Nearly a quarter of respondents stopped smiling while infected, 19% did not want to have any entertainment, and one-third had sleep problems. Moreover, more than half of the pregnant women were feeling anxiety (58.0%) and fear (59.0%). The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 67%. The EPDS scores were statistically significant and associated with being a smoker, method of delivery, getting COVID-19, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, and being admitted to a hospital or ICU. Conclusions This study highlights that healthcare providers and family members should pay more attention to maternal mental health during a pandemic. Fear and anxiety among pregnant women need to be taken into account more during the period of international crises, taking into account the mental health of the pregnant woman when developing health plans, developing health programs, and providing diagnostic and therapeutic management in the maternal care departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Hamadneh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shereen Hamadneh
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mohammed ALBashtawy
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Alkhawaldeh
- Community and Mental Health Department, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Bashtawi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alshloul
- Irbid National University, Faculty of Nursing Science, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Rayan
- Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Asem Abdalrahim
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Jordan
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27
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Smith KA, Howard LM, Vigod SN, D’Agostino A, Cipriani A. Perinatal mental health and COVID-19: Navigating a way
forward. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022:48674221137819. [PMID: 36440619 PMCID: PMC9708536 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221137819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have increased pre-existing inequalities and risk factors for mental disorders in general, but perinatal mental disorders are of particular concern. They are already underdiagnosed and undertreated, and this has been magnified by the pandemic. Access to services (both psychiatric and obstetric) has been reduced, and in-person contact has been restricted because of the increased risks. Rates of perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms have increased. In the face of these challenges, clear guidance in perinatal mental health is needed for patients and clinicians. However, a systematic search of the available resources showed only a small amount of guidance from a few countries, with a focus on the acute phase of the pandemic rather than the challenges of new variants and variable rates of infection. Telepsychiatry offers advantages during times of restricted social contact and also as an additional route for accessing a wide range of digital technologies. While there is a strong evidence base for general telepsychiatry, the particular issues in perinatal mental health need further examination. Clinicians will need expertise and training to navigate a hybrid model, flexibly combining in person and remote assessments according to risk, clinical need and individual patient preferences. There are also wider issues of care planning in the context of varying infection rates, restrictions and vaccination access in different countries. Clinicians will need to focus on prevention, treatment, risk assessment and symptom monitoring, but there will also need to be an urgent and coordinated focus on guidance and planning across all organisations involved in perinatal mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust,
Oxford, UK,Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR
Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise M Howard
- Section of Women’s Mental Health,
Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Women’s College Hospital and Women’s
College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armando D’Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences,
Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust,
Oxford, UK,Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR
Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK,Andrea Cipriani, Department of Psychiatry,
University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
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28
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Mateus V, Cruz S, Costa R, Mesquita A, Christoforou A, Wilson CA, Vousoura E, Dikmen-Yildiz P, Bina R, Dominguez-Salas S, Contreras-García Y, Motrico E, Osório A. Rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparisons between countries and with pre-pandemic data. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:245-253. [PMID: 35964769 PMCID: PMC9365708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant threat to perinatal mental health. This study examined differences in clinically significant depression, anxiety, and co-morbid symptoms among pregnant and postpartum women across several countries and compared prevalence of perinatal depression and anxiety before and during the pandemic in each participating country. METHODS Participants were 3326 pregnant and 3939 postpartum women (up to six months postpartum) living in Brazil, Chile, Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. An online survey was completed between June 7th and October 31st 2020, and included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7). The pre-pandemic studies were identified through literature review. RESULTS Prevalence of clinically significant depression (EPDS≥13), anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10), and co-morbid (EPDS≥13 and GAD-7 ≥ 10) symptoms was 26.7 %, 20 % and 15.2 %, in pregnant women, and 32.7 %, 26.6 % and 20.3 %, in postpartum women, respectively. Significant between-country differences were found in all mental health indicators in both perinatal periods. Higher levels of symptoms were observed during (versus before) the pandemic, especially among postpartum women. LIMITATIONS Participants were mostly highly educated and cohabiting with a partner. The online nature of the survey may have limited the participation of women from vulnerable socio-economically backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand previous literature on the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health, by highlighting that this may be influenced by country of residence. Mental health care policies and interventions should consider the unique needs of perinatal women in different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mateus
- Developmental Disorders Program and Mackenzie Center for Research in Childhood and Adolescence, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Cruz
- Instituto de Psicologia e de Ciências de Educação [Institute of Psychology and Education], Lusíada University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD) [The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center], Lusíada University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Lusófona University/HEI-Lab, Digital Human-environment Interaction Labs, Portugal
| | - Ana Mesquita
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Andri Christoforou
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, European University Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - Claire A Wilson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Eleni Vousoura
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Rena Bina
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | | | - Yolanda Contreras-García
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Emma Motrico
- Psychology Department, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Osório
- Developmental Disorders Program and Mackenzie Center for Research in Childhood and Adolescence, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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29
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Cevik A, Onat Koroglu C, Karacam Z, Gokyildiz Surucu S, Alan S. Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Prevalence of Insomnia, Anxiety, and Depression During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Nurs Res 2022; 31:1405-1421. [PMID: 35912813 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to determine the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the prevalence of insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms during pregnancy. Reviews were done through PubMed, EBSCO (Medline, CINAHL), Embase (OVID), Web of Science, PsycINFO, TR Index, Turkish Thesis Center databases using (pregnancy OR pregnant) and (sleep OR sleep disorders OR insomnia), and (anxiety OR depression) keywords between April and May 2021. The meta-analysis included 48 articles (sample: 77,299). It was found that the Covid-19 pandemic did not affect the prevalence of depression symptoms and anxiety during pregnancy, but it increased insomnia. While insomnia ratio was reported 39.6% (95% CI: 0.253-0.560) in the studies conducted before the pandemic, it was reported 88.8% (95% CI: 0.821-0.921) in the studies conducted during the pandemic. This study found that the Covid-19 pandemic did not have effects on depression symptoms and anxiety, but it increased insomnia complaints.
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Uludağ E, Serçekuş P, Vardar O, Özkan S, Alataş SE. Effects of online antenatal education on worries about labour, fear of childbirth, preparedness for labour and fear of covid-19 during the covid-19 pandemic: A single-blind randomised controlled study. Midwifery 2022; 115:103484. [PMID: 36155390 PMCID: PMC9461235 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of online antenatal education on worries about labour, fear of childbirth, preparedness for labour and fear of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design A single-blind randomised controlled trial comparing two groups: an antenatal education group and a control group. Participants The sample consisted of 44 pregnant women. Measurements A demographic data form, The Oxford Worries on Labour Scale, The Fear of Birth Scale, The Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire and The Fear of COVID-19 Scale were used for data collection. Findings Online antenatal education decreased worries about labour, fear of childbirth and fear of COVID-19 and improved preparedness for labour. Key conclusions Online antenatal education offered during the COVID-19 pandemic is effective in preparedness for labour. Implications for practice As an alternative, online antenatal education should be offered to pregnant women unable to attend face to face education programs due to fear of transmission of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Uludağ
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Pınar Serçekuş
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Okan Vardar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Özkan
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Denizli, Turkey
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31
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McLean CP, Utpala R, Sharp G. The impacts of COVID-19 on eating disorders and disordered eating: A mixed studies systematic review and implications. Front Psychol 2022; 13:926709. [PMID: 36148134 PMCID: PMC9487416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The unique constraints to everyday life brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have been suggested to negatively impact those with pre-existing mental health issues such as eating disorders. While individuals with eating disorders or disordered eating behaviors likely represent a vulnerable group to the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of the pandemic is yet to be fully established. Methods We systematically examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. We searched electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE for literature published until October 2021. Eligible studies were required to report on individuals with or without a diagnosed eating disorder or disordered eating behaviors who were exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings Seventy-two studies met eligibility criteria with the majority reporting an increase in eating disorder or disordered eating behaviors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, it appears children and adolescents and individuals with a diagnosed eating disorder may present vulnerable groups to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion This mixed systematic review provides a timely insight into COVID-19 eating disorder literature and will assist in understanding possible future long-term impacts of the pandemic on eating disorder behaviors. It appears that the role of stress in the development and maintenance of eating disorders may have been intensified to cope with the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research is needed among understudied and minority groups and to examine the long-term implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=284749, PROSPERO [CRD42021284749].
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P. McLean
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gemma Sharp
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Akgün M, Turgut Y, Güdül Öz H, Yangin H, Boz İ. Examining the relationship between perinatal anxiety, COVID-19 phobia and birth type preferences: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2022. [PMID: 35949166 PMCID: PMC9538442 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between the COVID-19 phobia and perinatal anxiety levels and birth type preferences of pregnant women in the third trimester. DESIGN This was designed a cross-sectional study using the non-random convenience sampling method following the STROBE checklist. METHODS The research was conducted with 315 pregnant women from April to May 2021. Data were collected using a personal information form, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale, and the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS). RESULTS We found a positive and moderate correlation between the total scores for perinatal anxiety and COVID-19 phobia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 4.1% of the participants changed their birth type preferences and this change was statistically significant according to McNemar's test. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the women changed their birth type preferences in favour of caesarean section. However, there was no statistically significant difference between those who changed their birth type preferences and those who did not in terms of perinatal anxiety or COVID-19 phobia levels. Women with no access to prenatal follow-up visits due to the COVID-19 pandemic had higher mean PASS scores and higher mean scores for the perfectionism, control and trauma subscale. The scores for general worry and specific fears were lower among individuals who had obtained information about birth types in prenatal follow-up visits. Also, perinatal anxiety and COVID-19 phobia levels were higher among pregnant women who were worried about giving birth in hospital compared to those who were not worried. CONCLUSION We conclude that COVID-19 phobia has increased women's perinatal anxiety, causing them to change their birth type preferences in favour of caesarean section. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE We recommended that healthcare professionals take COVID-19 phobia and perinatal anxiety into account when counselling pregnant women about birth types to improve prenatal care. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution was required to design, to outcome measures or undertake this research. Patients/members of the public contributed only to the data collection. Data were obtained from pregnant women in the third trimester, who came to a regional hospital-affiliated obstetrics polyclinic for routine prenatal follow-up visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Akgün
- Department of Maternity and Gynecological Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Turgut
- Department of Anesthesia, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Science University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Güdül Öz
- Department of Maternity and Gynecological Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yangin
- Department of Maternity and Gynecological Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İlkay Boz
- Department of Maternity and Gynecological Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Cena L, Trainini A, Tralli N, Nodari LS, Iacona E, Ronconi L, Testoni I. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Perinatal Loss Experienced by the Parental Couple: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study in Italy. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38866. [PMID: 36044641 PMCID: PMC9472504 DOI: 10.2196/38866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the beginning of 2020, mothers and fathers who experienced perinatal events (from conception to pregnancy and postpartum period) found themselves facing problems related to the emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated difficulties for health care centers in providing care. In the unexpected and negative event of perinatal loss (ie, miscarriage, stillbirth, and neonatal death) more complications occurred. Perinatal loss is a painful and traumatic life experience that causes grief and can cause affective disorders in the parental couple—the baby dies and the couple’s plans for a family are abruptly interrupted. During the COVID-19 pandemic, limited access to perinatal bereavement care, due to the lockdown measures imposed on medical health care centers and the social distancing rules to prevent contagion, was an additional risk factor for parental mental health, such as facing a prolonged and complicated grief. Objective The main aims of this study are as follows: to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on mothers and fathers who experienced perinatal loss during the pandemic, comparing their perceptions; to evaluate their change over time between the first survey administration after bereavement and the second survey after 6 months; to examine the correlations between bereavement and anxiety, depression, couple satisfaction, spirituality, and sociodemographic variables; to investigate which psychosocial factors may negatively affect the mourning process; and to identify the potential predictors of the development of complicated grief. Methods This longitudinal observational multicenter study is structured according to a mixed methods design, with a quantitative and qualitative section. It will include a sample of parents (mothers and fathers) who experienced perinatal loss during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020. There are two phases—a baseline and a follow-up after 6 months. Results This protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Psychological Research, University of Padova, and by the Institutional Ethics Board of the Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy. We expect to collect data from 34 or more couples, as determined by our sample size calculation. Conclusions This study will contribute to the understanding of the psychological processes related to perinatal loss and bereavement care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It will provide information useful to prevent the risk of complicated grief and psychopathologies among bereaved parents and to promote perinatal mental health. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/38866
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cena
- Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11 Brescia 25123, Brescia, IT
| | - Alice Trainini
- Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11 Brescia 25123, Brescia, IT
| | - Nella Tralli
- Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11 Brescia 25123, Brescia, IT
| | - Luisa Silvia Nodari
- Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11 Brescia 25123, Brescia, IT
| | - Erika Iacona
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, IT
| | - Lucia Ronconi
- IT and Statistical Services, Multifunctional Centre of Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, IT
| | - Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, IT
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Chieffo D, Avallone C, Serio A, Kotzalidis GD, Balocchi M, De Luca I, Hirsch D, Gonsalez del Castillo A, Lanzotti P, Marano G, Rinaldi L, Lanzone A, Mercuri E, Mazza M, Sani G. Pregnancy-related psychopathology: A comparison between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19–related social restriction periods. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6370-6384. [PMID: 35979303 PMCID: PMC9294903 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i19.6370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted in a still undefined way pregnant women’s mental health. There are reports of mood and affect changes in the general population and the suggestion that similar changes occur also in the pregnant population. The greater vulnerability of women during the COVID-19 restriction period may translate into a greater risk for mental disorders in the gestational period. We hypothesised that pregnant women in the pre-pandemic period would have less psychopathology and more psychological support than pregnant women during the pandemic restriction period.
AIM To compare pregnant women for anxiety, prenatal depression, psychopathology, and social support before and after the awareness of the pandemic.
METHODS We administered to women willing to participate in their 2nd-3rd trimesters of pregnancy the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y), and the Symptom CheckList-90-Revised (SCL-90R); we further collected sociodemographic variables and explored women’s social support. The comparison was cross-sectional. The first sample was termed nonCOVID-19 because data were gathered before the COVID-19 outbreak (January 2020-February 2020) was declared, and the second sample termed COVID-19 because participants were already subjected to the COVID-19–related restrictive measures (January 2021-February 2021). Since normal distribution was not met (Shapiro-Wilk test applied), we applied nonparametric Mann-Whitney’s U-test to compare psychometric tests. Ethical standards were met.
RESULTS The nonCOVID-19 group reported higher support from partners only, while the COVID-19 group reported multiple support (χ2 = 9.7181; P = 0.021); the nonCOVID-19 group scored higher than the COVID-19 group only on state anxiety among psychometric scales [STAI-Y1, nonCOVID-19 median = 39 (95%CI: 39.19-51.10) vs COVID-19 median= 32 (95%CI: 30.83-38.90); Mann-Whitney’s U=117.5, P = 0.00596]. Other measures did not differ meaningfully between the two groups. Scores on the EPDS, the state and trait subscales of the STAI-Y, and most SCL-90R subscales inter-correlated with one another. The anxiety component of the EPDS, EPDS-3A, correlated poorly with other measures, while it was the Global Symptom Index of the SCL-90-R that correlated most strongly with most measures. Our results are at odds with most literature and do not confirm increased depression and anxiety rates in pregnant women during the pandemic.
CONCLUSION The ability of pregnant women to deal with novel generalised threats involves mobilization of inner resources. Increasing sources of social support may have produced anxiolysis in the COVID-19 sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Chieffo
- Service of Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Carla Avallone
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Annamaria Serio
- Service of Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | | | - Marta Balocchi
- Service of Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Luca
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Daniele Hirsch
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome 00168, Italy
| | | | - Pierluigi Lanzotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Lucio Rinaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome 00168, Italy
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35
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Zilver SJM, Hendrix YMGA, Broekman BFP, de Leeuw RA, de Groot CJM, van Pampus MG. Fear of childbirth in pregnancy was not increased during the
COVID
‐19 pandemic in the Netherlands: a cross‐sectional study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022; 101:1129-1134. [PMID: 35762100 PMCID: PMC9350076 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Fear of childbirth is a well‐known problem during pregnancy and can have implications for childbirth, including prolonged labor, use of epidural analgesia, obstetric complications, presence of traumatic stress symptoms, or request for an elective cesarean section. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected mental health and therefore could have increased fear of childbirth during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate fear of childbirth during the pandemic in the Netherlands compared with a reference group from before the pandemic. Material and methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study to evaluate pregnant women during the first and second waves of COVID‐19 compared with both each other and with pregnant women from before the pandemic. Participants were recruited through social media platforms, hospitals, and midwifery practices. Pregnant women aged ≥18 years who had mastered the Dutch language were eligible to participate. Fear of childbirth was measured with the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire online using a cut‐off score of ≥85 to indicate clinically relevant fear of childbirth. The primary outcome was the prevalence of fear of childbirth. We undertook additional analyses to specifically look at possible effect modification. Results In total, 1102 pregnant women completed the questionnaire during the first wave of the pandemic, 731 during the second wave, and 364 before the pandemic. Fear of childbirth was present in 10.6%, 11.4%, and 18.4%, respectively. We considered possible effect modification, which indicated that age and parity had a significant influence. In participants during the first wave of COVID‐19, nulliparous women had significantly lower odds (odds ratio [OR] 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–0.73; p < 0.01) of having a fear of childbirth than did the reference group. Both younger participants in the first wave (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.37–0.93; p < 0.05) and older participants in the first wave (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.28–0.71; p < 0.01) and the second wave (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.21–0.62; p < 0.01) of COVID‐19 had lower odds of fear of childbirth than the reference group. Conclusions Pregnant women during the first and second waves of COVID‐19 had lower fear of childbirth scores than pregnant women before the pandemic, indicating less fear of childbirth during the pandemic. This could be explained by an increased level of information, more time to consume information, and better work–life balance with more people working at home during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J. M. Zilver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robert A. de Leeuw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Christianne J. M. de Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Depression in pregnant and postpartum women during COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2022; 65:287-302. [PMID: 35754363 PMCID: PMC9304439 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic in March 2020 and caused a big crisis, especially the health crisis. Pregnant and postpartum women experienced significant physical, social, and mental changes that put them at higher risk for several conditions during the pandemic. This study aimed to report the prevalence of depression in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligible studies were identified using several databases. Prevalence analysis was conducted using MedCalc ver. 19.5.1. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO on July 12, 2021 with registration number CRD42021266976. We included 54 studies with 95.326 participants. The overall prevalence of depression was 32.60% among pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate was higher among pregnant women (31.49%) compared to postpartum women (27.64%). The prevalence of depression among pregnant and postpartum women increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kim SH, Kang HS. Health Promotion Behaviors of Pregnant Couples in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7501. [PMID: 35742750 PMCID: PMC9224502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy during the pandemic may be a stressful life event. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of the fear of COVID-19, depression, posttraumatic growth, and marital adjustment on the health promotion behaviors of pregnant couples during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Data were collected from 123 pregnant couples using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). The actor effects of the fear of COVID-19, depression, and posttraumatic growth on the health promotion behaviors of pregnant women and their spouses were significant. Furthermore, both actor and partner effects of husbands' marital adjustment on health promotion behaviors were significant. When carrying out nursing intervention for the health promotion of pregnant couples, programs aimed at reducing depression and improving posttraumatic growth in pregnant couples should be included. In addition, improving marital adjustment will positively affect the health promotion behaviors of pregnant couples. The findings highlight the important role of healthcare providers in assessing depressive symptoms and fear of COVID-19 in pregnant couples and providing support to promote health behaviors as part of prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Hee Sun Kang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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Lu YC, Andescavage N, Wu Y, Kapse K, Andersen NR, Quistorff J, Saeed H, Lopez C, Henderson D, Barnett SD, Vezina G, Wessel D, du Plessis A, Limperopoulos C. Maternal psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and structural changes of the human fetal brain. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:47. [PMID: 35647608 PMCID: PMC9135751 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes in offspring. The potential effects of intensified levels of maternal distress during the COVID-19 pandemic on the developing fetal brain are currently unknown. Methods We prospectively enrolled 202 pregnant women: 65 without known COVID-19 exposures during the pandemic who underwent 92 fetal MRI scans, and 137 pre-pandemic controls who had 182 MRI scans. Multi-plane, multi-phase single shot fast spin echo T2-weighted images were acquired on a GE 1.5 T MRI Scanner. Volumes of six brain tissue types were calculated. Cortical folding measures, including brain surface area, local gyrification index, and sulcal depth were determined. At each MRI scan, maternal distress was assessed using validated stress, anxiety, and depression scales. Generalized estimating equations were utilized to compare maternal distress measures, brain volume and cortical folding differences between pandemic and pre-pandemic cohorts. Results Stress and depression scores are significantly higher in the pandemic cohort, compared to the pre-pandemic cohort. Fetal white matter, hippocampal, and cerebellar volumes are decreased in the pandemic cohort. Cortical surface area and local gyrification index are also decreased in all four lobes, while sulcal depth is lower in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes in the pandemic cohort, indicating delayed brain gyrification. Conclusions We report impaired fetal brain growth and delayed cerebral cortical gyrification in COVID-19 pandemic era pregnancies, in the setting of heightened maternal psychological distress. The potential long-term neurodevelopmental consequences of altered fetal brain development in COVID-era pregnancies merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chiao Lu
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Nickie Andescavage
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, the George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Yao Wu
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kushal Kapse
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Nicole R. Andersen
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Jessica Quistorff
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Haleema Saeed
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Catherine Lopez
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Diedtra Henderson
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Scott D. Barnett
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Gilbert Vezina
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - David Wessel
- Critical Care Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Adre du Plessis
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, the George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
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Uguz F, Kirkas A, Yalvac T, Gundogan KM, Gezginc K. Is there a higher prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic? A comparative study. J Psychosom Res 2022; 155:110725. [PMID: 35121506 PMCID: PMC8770250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare data on mood and anxiety disorders of pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The study sample included 253 women evaluated on their first postpartum day during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mood and anxiety disorders were determined by the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Data from sample was compared with data from previous study that was completed and published prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The prevalence rate of mood and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic was 7.1% and 13.0%, respectively. The most common specific disorder was generalized anxiety disorder (7.1%). Compared to period before the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in the current sample was not significantly different. CONCLUSION Results of this study suggest that pregnant women may have not be under higher risk for mood and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Uguz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Kirkas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tugba Yalvac
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kubra Memnune Gundogan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kazim Gezginc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Kołomańska-Bogucka D, Micek A, Mazur-Bialy AI. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Levels of Physical Activity in the Last Trimester, Life Satisfaction and Perceived Stress in Late Pregnancy and in the Early Puerperium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053066. [PMID: 35270759 PMCID: PMC8910231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the levels of physical activity during the third trimester of pregnancy, life satisfaction and stress in women in late pregnancy and early postpartum. Methods: The study was conducted among 740 patients of maternity wards in Cracow hospitals on days 1−8 postpartum. Patients who were surveyed before the pandemic (December 2019−March 2020) were included in the prepandemic group (PPan: n = 252). The second group of women (COVID 1 group, Cov1: n = 262) was examined in the early stages of the pandemic (May−September 2020). In turn, participants who were surveyed during the population vaccination campaign (June−September 2021) were qualified to the COVID 2 group (Cov2: n = 226). The research tools used were the original questionnaire in addition to standardized questionnaires assessing physical activity in the last trimester of pregnancy (the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire); previous life satisfaction (the Satisfaction with Life Scale); and stress levels during the last month (the Perceived Stress Scale). Results: During the pandemic, women reduced the level of energy spent on total physical activity; nevertheless, statistically significant differences were found only between the PPan and Cov2 groups (p = 0.001). At the early stages of the pandemic, patients significantly reduced mobility activities (Cov1 vs. PPan: p < 0.001; Cov1 vs. Cov2: p = 0.007), while late in the pandemic they spent less energy on household activities (Cov2 vs. PPan: p = 0.002, Cov2 vs. Cov1: p = 0.002). There were no differences in the levels of stress and life satisfaction. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the level of physical activity; however, it did not change levels of perceived stress and life satisfaction in women in late-stage pregnancy and in the early puerperium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kołomańska-Bogucka
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 25, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka I. Mazur-Bialy
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-012-421-9351
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Ceulemans M, Foulon V, Panchaud A, Winterfeld U, Pomar L, Lambelet V, Cleary B, O’Shaughnessy F, Passier A, Richardson JL, Nordeng H. Self-Reported Medication Use among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five European Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1389. [PMID: 35162405 PMCID: PMC8835534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insight into the epidemiology of perinatal medication use during the COVID-19 pandemic is scarce. Therefore, a cross-sectional study using an anonymous web survey was performed in Ireland, Norway, Switzerland, The Netherlands, and United Kingdom (UK) to investigate the prevalence and type of medications used by pregnant and breast-feeding women during the first pandemic wave. Factors associated with medication use were estimated by logistic regression. In total, 8378 women participated (i.e., 3666 pregnant and 4712 breastfeeding women). Most responses were collected in Norway (34%) and The Netherlands (28%), followed by Switzerland (19%), Ireland (17%) and UK (2%). Participants were more often professionally active and more often had a higher educational level compared to the general birthing population in each country. Overall, approximately 60% of women reported having used at least 1 medication in the preceding 3 months. Daily and occasional use was reported by 34% and 42% of pregnant and 29% and 44% of breastfeeding women. The most prevalent ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) categories were the nervous system, the respiratory system, the alimentary tract/metabolism, and the musculo-skeletal system. Paracetamol, ibuprofen, antacids, and cetirizine were the most frequently used medications. The rate of antibacterial use was lower than previously reported. Having a chronic illness, country, maternal age, SARS-CoV-2 testing, professional status and time since delivery were associated with medication use. In conclusion, perinatal medication use was highly prevalent during the first pandemic wave, underlining the importance of maintaining counseling efforts on medication use, even in times of disrupted healthcare services and/or limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ceulemans
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Teratology Information Service, Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands;
- L-C&Y, KU Leuven Child & Youth Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Foulon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Alice Panchaud
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Winterfeld
- Swiss Teratogen Information Service, Clinical Pharmacology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Léo Pomar
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.P.); (V.L.)
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Lambelet
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Brian Cleary
- Rotunda Hospital, D01 P5W9 Dublin, Ireland; (B.C.); (F.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 VN15 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal O’Shaughnessy
- Rotunda Hospital, D01 P5W9 Dublin, Ireland; (B.C.); (F.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 VN15 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anneke Passier
- Teratology Information Service, Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands;
| | - Jonathan Luke Richardson
- UK Teratology Information Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AB, UK;
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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Reynolds KA, Pankratz L, Cameron EE, Roos LE, Giesbrecht GF, Lebel C, Tomfohr-Madsen LM. Pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative examination of ways of coping. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:1137-1148. [PMID: 36443483 PMCID: PMC9707189 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health restrictions have impacted the mental health and coping strategies of many population groups, including people who are pregnant. Our study sought to explore the ways that pregnant people described coping with stressors associated with the pandemic. N = 5879 pregnant individuals completed the pan-Canadian Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic Survey between April and December 2020. We used descriptive statistics to quantify sociodemographic characteristics and thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006, 2019) to analyze n = 3316 open-ended text responses to the question "Can you tell us what things you are doing to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic?" The average age of participants was 32 years (SD = 4.4), with the majority identifying as White (83.6%), female (99.7%), married (61.5%), having completed post-secondary education (90.0%), and working full-time (75.4%). We categorized participant responses into two overarching thematic dimensions: (1) ways of coping and (2) coping challenges. Ways of coping included the following main themes: (1) taking care of oneself, (2) connecting socially, (3) engaging in pandemic-specific coping strategies, (4) keeping busy, (5) taking care of others, (6) creating a sense of normalcy, (7) changing perspectives, and (8) practicing spirituality. Coping challenges included the following: (1) the perception of coping poorly, (2) loss of coping methods, (3) managing frontline or essential work, and (4) worries about the future. Findings highlight important implications for targeted prenatal supports delivered remotely, including opportunities for social support, prenatal care, and mental health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada ,Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Lily Pankratz
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Emily E. Cameron
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Leslie E. Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Gerald F. Giesbrecht
- Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
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Wu Q, Chen J, Zou Q, Zeng X, Yang Y, Zhou Y, He G, Luo C, Wu F. An Analysis on the Factors for Cervical Insufficiency Causing Adverse Emotions Among Pregnant Women at Different Gestation Phases. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:764345. [PMID: 35463533 PMCID: PMC9019485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.764345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the anxiety, depression, and related factors among pregnant women with cervical insufficiency, so as to provide a reference for clinical psychological intervention as an adjuvant therapy. METHODS A total of 101 cases in China with cervical insufficiency were included in the observation group by a convenience sampling method, and 114 normal healthy women of childbearing age were selected as the control group. Participants were investigated and observed for anxiety and depression by SAS and SDS, respectively, to analyze the emotional state and influencing factors of the patients with cervical insufficiency. Stratified by the first, second and third trimesters, our study used whether depressive or not and whether anxiety or not as the dichotomous variables. A multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influencing factors. Relevant influencing factors were screened out by the forward stepwise method in combination with professional knowledge and the number of variables. RESULTS There were statistical significant differences in SAS and SDS between observation group and control group and the incidence rate of anxiety and depression was higher in pregnant women with CI. Multivariate Logistic regression demonstrated that history of abnormal pregnancy was the main influencing factor for anxiety and depression in the early and middle gestation phases, and cervical insufficiency was the factor influencing the anxiety in early gestation and both anxiety and depression in the late gestation phase. CONCLUSION Cervical insufficiency may have a negative impact on the emotions of pregnant women. Individualized and targeted mental care should be added into clinic work to prevent negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Wu
- Department of Outpatient, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiebing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojian Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- Department of Outpatient, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guimei He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunqi Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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Keskin DD, Keskin S, Bostan S. Mental disorders among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:87-93. [PMID: 34468634 PMCID: PMC9623833 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0356.27052021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is the most important event in women's lives and can lead to psychological lability. Several risk factors (such as disasters, events and pandemics) have been correlated with greater prevalence of mental disorders during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To research how pregnant women have been affected by the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic process, in order to contribute to the limited literature. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional survey study conducted at the Training and Research Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ordu, Ordu, Turkey, from February 1 to March 1, 2021. METHODS In total, 356 pregnant women were enrolled and completed the survey. Intention of going to hospital and the Beck anxiety, Beck depression, Beck hopelessness and Epworth sleepiness scales were applied to detect mental disorders. RESULTS Among the participants, the anxiety, depression, hopelessness and sleepiness scores were 29.2%, 36.2%, 58.1% and 11.8%, respectively. The pregnant women stated that they avoided going to hospital in unnecessary situations by obeying the 'stay at home' calls, but also stated that they were afraid of the potential harmful effects of inadequate physician control. However, most of them stated that they would go to the hospital in emergencies. CONCLUSIONS This paper illustrated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women and emphasized their high rates of anxiety, depression, hopelessness and sleepiness. Since presence of mental disorders is indirectly related to poor pregnancy outcomes, preventive strategies should be developed, especially during this pandemic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deha Denizhan Keskin
- MD. Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Seda Keskin
- MD. Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Bostan
- MD. Professor, Department of Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
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Jeličić L, Sovilj M, Bogavac I, Drobnjak A, Gouni O, Kazmierczak M, Subotić M. The Impact of Maternal Anxiety on Early Child Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:792053. [PMID: 35002886 PMCID: PMC8728063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.792053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal prenatal anxiety is among important public health issues as it may affect child development. However, there are not enough studies to examine the impact of a mother's anxiety on the child's early development, especially up to 1 year. Objective: The present prospective cohort study aimed to examine whether maternal trait anxiety, perceived social support, and COVID-19 related fear impacted speech-language, sensory-motor, and socio-emotional development in 12 months old Serbian infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This follow-up study included 142 pregnant women (Time 1) and their children at 12 months (Time 2). Antenatal maternal anxiety and children's development were examined. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Child speech-language, sensory-motor, and socio-emotional development were assessed using the developmental scale in the form of an online questionnaire that examined the early psychophysiological child development. Information on socioeconomic factors, child and maternal demographics, clinical factors, and perceived fear of COVID-19 viral infection were collected. Multivariable General Linear Model analysis was conducted, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and coronavirus prenatal experiences, maternal prenatal anxiety levels, perceived social support, speech-language, motor skills, and cognitive and socio-emotional development at the infants' age of 12 months. Results: The study revealed the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal trait anxiety. The association between selected independent factors and infants' development was found in a demographically unified sample except for employment and the number of children. There was a correlation between all observed developmental functions. Univariate General Linear model statistical analysis indicated that linear models with selected independent factors and covariates could account for 30.9% (Cognition) up to 40.6% (Speech-language) of variability in developmental functions. It turned out that two-way and three-way interactions had a dominant role on models, and STAI-T Level and COVID-19 related fear were present in all interaction terms. Conclusion: Our findings reveal important determinants of child developmental outcomes and underline the impact of maternal anxiety on early child development. These findings lay the groundwork for the following interdisciplinary research on pregnancy and child development to facilitate and achieve positive developmental outcomes and maternal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Jeličić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Center,”Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Sovilj
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Bogavac
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Center,”Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - And̄ela Drobnjak
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Gouni
- Cosmoanelixis, Prenatal & Life Sciences, Athens, Greece
- Prenatal Sciences Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Miško Subotić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Center,”Belgrade, Serbia
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Cui C, Zhai L, Sznajder KK, Wang J, Sun X, Wang X, Zhang W, Yang F, Yang X. Prenatal anxiety and the associated factors among Chinese pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic--a smartphone questionnaire survey study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:619. [PMID: 34893043 PMCID: PMC8661313 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The uncertainty of the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought about tremendous psychological harm for pregnant women, causing their high rates of prenatal anxiety. The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and symptoms of pregnant status are highly linked with prenatal anxiety. Whereas, self-efficacy and support from family and friends could attenuate the development of prenatal anxiety. Thus, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of prenatal anxiety and its influence factors among pregnant women during the pandemic of COVID-19 in Shenyang, China. METHODS A cross-sectional study with face-to-face interview between April 24, 2020 and May 3, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic was applied among pregnant women in Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital. Chi-square tests were calculated to determine the differences in prenatal anxiety among categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to investigate the risk factors of prenatal anxiety. RESULTS The percentage of prenatal anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 7) among pregnant women during the pandemic of COVID-19 was 34/304 (11.18%). Logistic regression indicated that vomiting (OR 4.454, 95% CI 1.113-17.821) and feeling susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 2.966, 95% CI 1.151-7.642) increased the odds of prenatal anxiety. Satisfaction with medical care (OR 0.303, 95% CI 0.113-0.813) and self-efficacy (OR 0.253, 95% CI 0.100-0.639) decreased the odds of prenatal anxiety. High monthly income (OR 0.246, 95% CI 0.078 ~ 0.780) reduced the chances of suffering from prenatal anxiety. CONCLUSION The pregnant women in China exerted a higher prevalence of prenatal anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic than that without COVID-19 pandemic. Effective management on symptoms of pregnant status should be delivered to relieve prenatal anxiety for the pregnant women. Furthermore, interventions on self-efficacy enhancement and high-quality medical prenatal care should be provided to prevent from the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduce prenatal anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbeixin District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016 P.R. China
| | - Kristin K. Sznajder
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 90 Hope Drive, Suite 2200, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Jiana Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 P.R. China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Shenyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No.41 Shenzhou Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110000 P.R. China
| | - Xiaocai Wang
- Shenyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No.41 Shenzhou Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110000 P.R. China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 P.R. China
| | - Fengzhi Yang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshi Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, P.R. China.
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Wang DN, Weng XL, Gao LL. Mindfulness-based intervention in Chinese pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage: A non-randomized controlled study. Midwifery 2021; 103:103152. [PMID: 34601233 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage have high rates of anxiety and depression. Mindfulness-based interventions have shown benefits in improving mental health in diverse populations; however, few studies have explored their efficacy in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage, which was investigated in the present study. DESIGN A nonrandomized controlled study was carried out from August 2019 to November 2020. SETTING The study was conducted at a regional teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China that provides leading care for recurrent miscarriage. PARTICIPANTS A total of 158 pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage were recruited and allocated to the intervention group (n = 79) or the control group (n = 79); 131 women completed the study. INTERVENTION The mindfulness-based intervention consisted of a 1-h education session and daily mindfulness exercises guided by audio recordings during hospitalization. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS Study outcomes included perceived stress measured with the Perceived Stress Scale; symptoms of anxiety and depression measured with the Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively; and positive and negative affect measured with the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale - Revised, respectively. Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significant decreases in perceived stress, depression symptoms, and negative affect and an increase in positive affect after the intervention. Anxiety increased significantly in the control group during the study but remained unchanged in the intervention group. KEY CONCLUSIONS A mindfulness-based intervention can reduce psychological symptoms and improve mental health in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE A mindfulness-based intervention should be incorporated into routine care to help improve the mental health of pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Wang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China, 510089.
| | - Xue-Ling Weng
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, #107, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China, 510120
| | - Ling-Ling Gao
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China, 510089.
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Quinlivan JA, Lambregtse-van den Berg M. The chase to be vaccinated and aggressive new strains: how protraction of the COVID pandemic is affecting resilience. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:173. [PMID: 34448444 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2021.1967470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Quinlivan
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,Australia and School of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Bovbjerg ML. Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, September 2021. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2021; 50:642-654. [PMID: 34437841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2021.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive review of new resources to support the provision of evidence-based care for women and infants. The current column includes an assessment of safety of birth centers in the United States and commentaries on reviews focused on aspirin prophylaxis in pregnancy and the new gestational weight gain evidence summary from the United States Preventive Services Task Force.
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Zilver SJM, Broekman BFP, Hendrix YMGA, de Leeuw RA, Mentzel SV, van Pampus MG, de Groot CJM. Stress, anxiety and depression in 1466 pregnant women during and before the COVID-19 pandemic: a Dutch cohort study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:108-114. [PMID: 33900872 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2021.1907338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected many people's mental health with increased symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population. Anxiety and depression can have negative effects on pregnant women and result in poor neonatal outcomes. Therefore, we analyzed stress, anxiety and depression in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cohort study of pregnant women during COVID-19 compared to pregnant women before COVID-19. Pregnant women were recruited through social media platforms from 21 May 2020 to 22 June 2020. Pregnant women ≥ 18 years of age, who master the Dutch language were included. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were analyzed. Demographic features were summarized using descriptive statistics. Possible differences in demographic variables between groups were compared using Mann Whitney U test and Chi-squared test. Significant demographic differences between groups were controlled for using logistical regression analysis or an independent one-way analysis of covariance. RESULTS Thousand hundred and two pregnant women completed the questionnaires during COVID-19, and 364 pregnant women before COVID-19. We found no differences in clinically high levels of anxiety (HADS-A ≥ 8) and depression (HADS-D ≥ 8) in women during COVID-19 (19.5% and 13.2%, respectively) and women before COVID-19 (23.1% and 15.7%, respectively). A question was implemented whether participants related their stress level to COVID-19. Women who related their stress to the COVID-19 pandemic reported significantly higher overall stress levels on the PSS-10 compared to women with stress unrelated to COVID-19 (mean, 15.62; standard deviation [SD], 6.44 vs. mean, 10.28; SD, 5.48; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies, COVID-19 did not increase anxiety and depression levels in Dutch pregnant women. Women who related their perceived stress to the COVID-19 pandemic experienced higher stress levels than women who did not relate their stress to the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that interventions that specifically aim to reduce COVID-19 stress, may help to reduce overall stress levels in pregnant women during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J M Zilver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B F P Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y M G A Hendrix
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A de Leeuw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S V Mentzel
- Department of Sports and Exercise Psychology, WWU Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - M G van Pampus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C J M de Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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