1
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Wang Y. The interplay of exercise and polyphenols in cancer treatment: A focus on oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3459-3488. [PMID: 38690720 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has been demonstrated to induce an elevated production of free radicals, leading to the onset of oxidative stress. Numerous studies highlight the positive impacts of aerobic exercise, primarily attributed to the increase in overall antioxidant capacity. The evidence suggests that engaging in aerobic exercise contributes to a reduction in the likelihood of advanced cancer and mortality. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and the collective antioxidant defense system, encompassing both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Typically, oxidative stress triggers the formation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, instigating or advancing various issues in cancers and other diseases. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance serves as a direct measure of this imbalance in oxidative stress. Polyphenols contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acids, conferring antioxidant properties. Previous research highlights the potential of polyphenols as antioxidants, with documented effects on reducing cancer risk by influencing processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This is primarily attributed to their recognized antioxidant capabilities. Considering the extensive array of signaling pathways associated with exercise and polyphenols, this overview will specifically focus on oxidative stress, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols and exercise, and their intricate interplay in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Wang
- College of Physical Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Islam H, Tsai SH, Figueiredo C, Jackson GS, Marcotte-Chénard A, Bosak J, Moreno-Cabañas A, Lira FS, Little JP. Direct assessment of leukocyte signalling and cytokine secretion reveals exercise intensity-dependent reductions in anti-inflammatory cytokine action. J Physiol 2024; 602:2717-2736. [PMID: 38776176 DOI: 10.1113/jp286228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations are widely used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise but do not capture cytokine action at the cellular level. Whether and how acute exercise impacts anti-inflammatory cytokine action in humans is unknown. To determine how exercise intensity and pattern impact IL-6 and IL-10 action in blood leukocytes, 16 active adults (eight males/eight females; age: 30 ± 3 years; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2;V ̇ O 2 peak ${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{peak}}}}$ : 51 ± 6 mL/kg/min) completed a no-exercise control condition (CTL) or isocaloric bouts of cycling performed below (moderate continuous exercise; MCE) or above (heavy continuous or heavy intermittent exercise; HCE or HIE, respectively) lactate threshold. Venous blood (before, after, 30 min after and 90 min after exercise) was analysed for immune cell subpopulations, plasma cytokine concentrations, anti-inflammatory cytokine action and monocyte phenotype. Exercise induced rapid leukocytosis (P < 0.001) and increased plasma IL-6 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P = 0.0145) and tumour necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) (P = 0.0338) concentrations in an intensity-dependent manner (HCE and/or HIE vs. CTL). These systemic changes coincided with a diminished ability of IL-10/6 to phosphorylate STAT3 (P < 0.001) and inhibit TNF-⍺ secretion (P = 0.0238) in blood leukocytes following HCE and HIE. Monocyte polarization experiments revealed lower CD80 [MCE (P = 0.0933) and HIE (P = 0.0187) vs. CTL] and a tendency for higher CD163 expression (HCE vs. CTL, P = 0.0985), suggesting that hyporesponsiveness to anti-inflammatory cytokine action does not impede the ability of exercise to promote an anti-inflammatory monocyte phenotype. These findings provide novel insights into the immunomodulatory effects of exercise in humans and highlight the importance of directly measuring cellular cytokine action when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. KEY POINTS: Circulating cytokine concentrations are frequently used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise but may not capture changes in cytokine action occurring at the cellular level. We directly assessed anti-inflammatory cytokine action - measured using a combination of intracellular signalling and cytokine secretion ex vivo - in distinct immune cell subpopulations after acute calorie-matched exercise bouts differing in intensity and pattern. Anti-inflammatory cytokine action was blunted following higher intensity exercise despite corresponding increases in circulating cytokine concentrations and immune cell counts. Changes in cytokine action were not explained by changes in cytokine receptor expression on circulating immune cells. Our findings provide new insights into the immunomodulatory effects of exercise in humans and highlight the importance of directly measuring cellular cytokine action when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Shun-Hsi Tsai
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caíque Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Garett S Jackson
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Johannes Bosak
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Malin K, Dąbrowska I, Grzędzicka J, Ostaszewski P, Carter C. Immunology of Physical Exercise: Is Equus caballus an Appropriate Animal Model for Human Athletes? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5210. [PMID: 38791248 PMCID: PMC11121269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic horses routinely participate in vigorous and various athletic activities. This enables the horse to serve as a model for studying athletic physiology and immunology in other species, including humans. For instance, as a model of physical efforts, such as endurance rides (long-distance running/aerobic exercise) and races (anaerobic exercise), the horse can be useful in evaluating post-exercise response. Currently, there has been significant interest in finding biomarkers, which characterize the advancement of training and adaptation to physical exercise in the horse. The parallels in cellular responses to physical exercises, such as changes in receptor expression and blood cell activity, improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the body's response to intense physical activity. This study focuses on the changes in levels of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cellular response in the context of post-exercise immune response. Both the direction of changes in cytokine levels and cellular responses of the body, such as proliferation and expression of surface markers on lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, show cross-functional similarities. This review reveals that horses are robust research models for studying the immune response to physical exercise in human athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izabela Dąbrowska
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jowita Grzędzicka
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Craig Carter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A. Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool for Early Detection of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Damage in Female Athletes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1006. [PMID: 38790968 PMCID: PMC11118847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although blood still remains the most commonly utilized medium to detect increased levels of oxidative damage induced by exercise, saliva diagnostics have gained increasing popularity due to their non-invasive nature and athlete-friendly collection process. Given that the contribution of various phases of the menstrual cycle to the levels of oxidative damage may differ, the aim of this study was to evaluate an agreement between salivary and plasmatic levels of lipid peroxidation products in female swimmers in both the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle at rest and following exercise. Twelve well-trained female swimmers aged 19.6 ± 1.1 years old were examined. We measured diene conjugates (DCs), triene conjugates (TCs), and Schiff bases (SBs) in lipids immediately after their extraction from both saliva and blood plasma. All female swimmers were studied two times each, in the two different phases of one menstrual cycle, before and after high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Salivary and plasmatic levels of DCs, TCs, and SBs significantly increased post-exercise compared to pre-exercise, in both the F and L phases. A high positive correlation was observed between the concentrations of DCs, TCs, and SBs in the saliva and blood plasma of participants in the F and L phases, both at rest and following HIIE. Ordinary least products regression analysis indicates that there was no proportional and differential bias in the data. The Bland-Altman method also declares that there was no differential bias, since the line of equality was within the 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between salivary and plasmatic levels of DCs, TCs, and SBs in female swimmers, in both the F and L phases, before and after HIIE. There was also no proportional bias in the Bland-Altman plots. Thus, this is the first study to report a high agreement between the quantifications of DCs, TCs, and SBs in the saliva and blood plasma of female swimmers in both the F and L phases, at rest and following HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr N. Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Non-Invasive Diagnostics in Sports, Department of Sports Medicine and Psychology, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
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5
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Cook CE, Keter D, Cade WT, Winkelstein BA, Reed WR. Manual therapy and exercise effects on inflammatory cytokines: a narrative overview. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1305925. [PMID: 38745971 PMCID: PMC11091266 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1305925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Matching disease and treatment mechanisms is a goal of the Precision Medicine Initiative. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2, 10, and 12) have gained a significant amount of interest in their potential role in persistent pain for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Manual therapy (MT) and exercise are two guideline-recommended approaches for treating MSK conditions. The objective of this narrative overview was to investigate of the effects of MT and exercise on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and determine the factors that lead to variability in results. Methods Two reviewers evaluated the direction and variabilities of MT and exercise literature. A red, yellow, and green light scoring system was used to define consistencies. Results Consistencies in responses were seen with acute and chronic exercise and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic exercise is associated with a consistent shift towards a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2 and 13, whereas acute bouts of intense exercise can transiently increase pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. The influence of MT on cytokines was less commonly studied and yielded more variable results. Conclusion Variability in findings is likely related to the subject and their baseline condition or disease, when measurement occurs, and the exercise intensity, duration, and an individual's overall health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E. Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Damian Keter
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William Todd Cade
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Beth A. Winkelstein
- Departments of Bioengineering & Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William R. Reed
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Ringleb M, Javelle F, Haunhorst S, Bloch W, Fennen L, Baumgart S, Drube S, Reuken PA, Pletz MW, Wagner H, Gabriel HHW, Puta C. Beyond muscles: Investigating immunoregulatory myokines in acute resistance exercise - A systematic review and meta-analysis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23596. [PMID: 38597350 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301619r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Myokines, released from the muscle, enable communication between the working muscles and other tissues. Their release during physical exercise is assumed to depend on immune-hormonal-metabolic interactions concerning mode (endurance or resistance exercise), duration, and intensity. This meta-analysis aims to examine the acute changes of circulating myokines inducing immunoregulatory effects caused by a bout of resistance exercise and to consider potential moderators of the results. Based on this selection strategy, a systematic literature search was conducted for resistance exercise intervention studies measuring interleukin (IL-) 6, IL-10, IL-1ra, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α, IL-15, IL-7, transforming growth factor (TGF-) β1, and fractalkines (FKN) before and immediately after resistance exercise in healthy individuals. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for each myokine. We identified a moderate positive effect of resistance exercise for IL-6 and IL-1ra. Regarding IL-15 and TNF-α, small to moderate effects were found. For IL-10, no significant effect was observed. Due to no data, meta-analyses for IL-7, TGF-β1, and FKN could not be performed. No moderators (training status, type of exercise, risk of bias, age, sex, time of day, exercise volume, exercise intensity, exercise dose) of the results were detected for all tested myokines. Taken together, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed immediate positive effects of an acute resistance exercise session on IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF-α, and IL-15 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ringleb
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Haunhorst
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Fennen
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Baumgart
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp A Reuken
- Clinic for Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger H W Gabriel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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7
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Almuraikhy S, Doudin A, Domling A, Althani AAJF, Elrayess MA. Molecular regulators of exercise-mediated insulin sensitivity in non-obese individuals. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18015. [PMID: 37938877 PMCID: PMC10805515 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a significant contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and low maximal oxygen uptake. While intense and prolonged exercise may have negative effects, physical activity can have a positive influence on cellular metabolism and the immune system. Moderate exercise has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status, whereas intense exercise can increase oxidative stress in the short term. The impact of exercise on pro-inflammatory cytokine production is complex and varies depending on intensity and duration. Exercise can also counteract the harmful effects of ageing and inflamm-ageing. This review aims to examine the molecular pathways altered by exercise in non-obese individuals at higher risk of developing T2D, including glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation and oxidative stress, with the potential to improve insulin sensitivity. The focus is on understanding the potential benefits of exercise for improving insulin sensitivity and providing insights for future targeted interventions before onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug DesignGroningen UniversityGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Asmaa Doudin
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug DesignGroningen UniversityGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Asmaa Ali J. F. Althani
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- College of Pharmacy, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
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Almuraikhy S, Anwardeen N, Doudin A, Sellami M, Domling A, Agouni A, Althani AA, Elrayess MA. Antioxidative Stress Metabolic Pathways in Moderately Active Individuals. Metabolites 2023; 13:973. [PMID: 37755253 PMCID: PMC10535328 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is known to have beneficial effects on health, primarily through its antioxidative stress properties. However, the specific metabolic pathways that underlie these effects are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic pathways that are involved in the protective effects of moderate PA in non-obese and healthy individuals. Data on 305 young, non-obese participants were obtained from the Qatar Biobank. The participants were classified as active or sedentary based on their self-reported PA levels. Plasma metabolomics data were collected and analyzed to identify differences in metabolic pathways between the two groups. The results showed that active participants had increased activation of antioxidative, stress-related pathways, including lysoplasmalogen, plasmalogen, phosphatidylcholine, vitamin A, and glutathione. Additionally, there were significant associations between glutathione metabolites and certain clinical traits, including bilirubin, uric acid, hemoglobin, and iron. This study provides new insights into the metabolic pathways that are involved in the protective effects of moderate PA in non-obese and healthy individuals. The findings may have implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies that target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Najeha Anwardeen
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmma Doudin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A. Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Alves JW, Farias-Junior LF, Alves CPDL, Mortatti AL, Costa EC. Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Sessions With Different Work-Recovery Durations and Muscle Damage in Trained Men. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:73-81. [PMID: 35294320 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1939844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study compared the effect of low-volume high-intensity training (LV-HIIT) sessions with different work-recovery durations on muscle damage markers.Methods: Twenty-four trained adult males (22.3 ± 2.9 years; 24.6 ± 2.7 kg∙m-2) performed two LV-HIIT sessions (10 x 60 s and 20 x 30 s at 100% of maximal aerobic speed on treadmill (Vmax) interspersed with equal time passive recovery, respectively) in a randomized, counter-balanced order, separated by a 1-week interval. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and countermovement vertical jump height (CVJH) performance were assessed before, and 24-h and 48-h post sessions.Results: Pressure-pain threshold (PPT), pressure-pain tolerance (PPTol) and perceived pain intensity (PPI) using pressure algometry assessed DOMS in the rectus rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gastroctemius. A non-significant session by time interaction for PPT, PPTol and PPI in all muscles analyzed was observed (all P > 0.260). Additionally, a non-significant session by time interaction was observed for CVJH performance (P = 0.836).Conclusion: LV-HIIT sessions with different work-recovery durations elicited non-significant changes on muscle damage markers following 24- and 48-h in trained males.
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10
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Bogdanis GC, Mastorakos G, Tsirigkakis S, Stavrinou PS, Kabasakalis A, Mantzou A, Mougios V. Bout duration in high-intensity interval exercise modifies hematologic, metabolic and antioxidant responses. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:216-223. [PMID: 35510255 PMCID: PMC9035712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study compared hematologic, metabolic and antioxidant responses between three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) trials of different bout duration and a continuous exercise trial (CON), all with equal average intensity, total work, and duration. Methods Eleven healthy young males performed four trials involving 20 min of cycling, either continuously (49% of power at VO2max, PPO), or intermittently with 48 10-s bouts (HIIE10), 16 30-s bouts (HIIE30) or 8 60-s bouts (HIIE60) at 100% PPO, with a 1:1.5 work-to-recovery ratio at 15% PPO. Venous blood was obtained before, immediately after, and 1 h post-exercise to evaluate hematologic, metabolic and antioxidant responses. Blood lactate concentration was measured in capillary blood during exercise, while urine lactate was measured before and 1 h post-exercise. Results Post-exercise leukocyte count (mean ± SD; 9.7 ± 2.8 k μL-1), uric acid concentration (0.35 ± 0.10 mmol L-1), glucose concentration (6.56 ± 1.44 mmol L-1), and plasma volume change (-13.5 ± 4.4%) were greater in HIIE60 compared to all other trials (p < 0.05). One-hour post-exercise, lymphocytes decreased below pre-exercise values in all HIIE trials, and uric acid increased in the HIIE60 trial (p < 0.05). Urine lactate concentration 1 h post-exercise increased compared to pre-exercise only in HIIE60 (19-fold, p < 0.001), and this was related with the higher blood lactate concentration during exercise in that trial. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of bout duration, given that shorter bouts of HIIE (30 s or 10 s) induce lower blood cell perturbations, metabolic stress, and antioxidant responses compared to the commonly used 1-min bouts, despite equal total work, duration, and work-to-recovery ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Bogdanis
- School of P.E. and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Metabolism and Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Athanasios Kabasakalis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Research in Endocrinology, First Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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High-intensity intermittent exercise induces a potential anti-inflammatory response in healthy women across the menstrual cycle. Cytokine 2022; 154:155872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Inflammatory cytokines and metabolic responses to high-intensity intermittent training: effect of the exercise intensity. Biol Sport 2022; 39:263-272. [PMID: 35309531 PMCID: PMC8919870 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of two high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) programs of varying intensities (100% vs. 110% of maximal aerobic velocity [MAV]) on metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory markers in young men. Thirty-seven active male volunteers were randomly assigned into: HIIT experimental groups (100% MAV [EG100, n = 9] and 110% MAV [EG110, n = 9]) and a control groups (CG100, n = 9 and CG110, n = 9). Particpants performed high intesity intermittent exercise test (HIIE) at 100% or 110% MAV. Venous blood samples were obtained before, at the end of HIIE and at 15 min of recovery, and before and after 8 weeks of HIIT programs. After training, Glucose was lower (p < 0.01) in EG100 (d = 0.72) and EG110 (d = 1.20) at the end of HIIE, and at 15 min recovery only in EG110 (d = 0.95). After training, Insulin and Cortisol were lower than before training in EG100 and EG110 at the end of HIIE (p < 0.001). After HIIT, IL-6 deceased (p < 0.001) in EG100 (d = 1.43) and EG110 (d = 1.56) at rest, at the end of HIIE (d = 1.03; d = 1.75, respectively) and at 15 min of recovery (d = 0.88;d = 1.7, respectively). This decrease was more robust (p < 0.05) in EG110 compared to EG100. After HIIT, TNF-α deceased (p < 0.001) in EG100 (d = 1.43) and EG110 (d = 0.60) at rest, at the end of HIIE (0.71 < d < 0.98) and at 15 min of recovery (0.70 < d < 2.78). HIIT with 110% MAV is more effective in young males on the improvements of some metabolic (Glucose), hormonal (Cortisol) and inflammatory (IL-6) markers at rest, at the end of HIIE and 15 min of recovery than training at 100 % MAV.
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Huntula S, Lalert L, Punsawad C. The Effects of Exercise on Aging-Induced Exaggerated Cytokine Responses: An Interdisciplinary Discussion. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:3619362. [PMID: 35106183 PMCID: PMC8801319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3619362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is generally known to be associated with dynamic biological changes, physiological dysfunction, and environmental and psychological decline. Several studies have suggested that aging is associated with increased inflammatory cytokines, causing several diseases. However, the effect of exercise on aging has been less delineated, and the relationships between cytokine activation, aging, and exercise also need further study. Here, we discuss some ideas about the effect of exercise on aging-induced exaggerated cytokine responses and discuss the possible roles of the aging-induced exaggerated cytokine response following exercise. Evidence from these findings suggests that exercise is a beneficially applicable model to use in studies on the mechanisms underlying the age-associated gradated cytokine response, and these results may provide guidelines for health professionals with diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontaraporn Huntula
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Lalert
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q. Effects of High Intensity Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Untrained Humans: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121272. [PMID: 34943187 PMCID: PMC8698973 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Participation in exercise promotes health. High intensity exercise (HIE) has become increasingly popular among the general population, however, its effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant status in untrained humans is not clear. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of HIE on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in untrained humans. Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched until March 2021. A methodological quality assessment valuation/estimation was additionally carried out in the final sample of studies. Following the PRISMA selection process, 21 studies were finally included. There was strong evidence that acute oxidative stress following the cessation of HIE exists when compared to resting states. The HIE-induced oxidative stress is transient and is most likely restored to normal levels within 24 h due to the stimulated endogenous antioxidant system whose response was lagging and lasting. Physically active humans had better antioxidant systems and suffered less oxidative stress after HIE. A physically active lifestyle was considered to enhance antioxidant capacity. For untrained humans, HIE with intensities above 70% VO2max are proposed for initial exercise levels based on the findings reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK; (Y.L.); (H.D.W.)
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK; (Y.L.); (H.D.W.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong;
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13805885586
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Systemic Response of Antioxidants, Heat Shock Proteins, and Inflammatory Biomarkers to Short-Lasting Exercise Training in Healthy Male Subjects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1938492. [PMID: 34853628 PMCID: PMC8629640 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1938492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity can enhance immune function and effectively prevents the spread of the cytokine response, thus reducing systemic low-grade inflammation and improving various immune markers. Moreover, regular exercise maintains redox homeostasis in skeletal muscle and other tissues, including immune cells, but the interconnection between the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise with the redox status of immune cells is still poorly understood. With the aim to verify the overall beneficial effect of regular training on the immune system, we have examined the acute and short-term effect of a 5-day exercise program on the modulation of protein and lipid oxidation, antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxide 1 (GPx1), thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1), and catalase (CAT)), and heat shock protein expression (i.e., heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and heat shock protein-27 (HSP27)), at both mRNA and protein levels, as well as the activation of the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, plasmatic markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and stress response (i.e., protein carbonyl content, interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8), interleukin-10 (IL10), interleukin-17E (IL17E), interleukin-17F (IL17F), interleukin-21 (IL21), interleukin-22 (IL22), and interleukin-23 (IL23)) were analyzed in active untrained young adult subjects. Even in the absence of an increased amount of protein or lipid oxidation, we confirmed a PBMC upregulation of SOD1 (1.26 ± 0.07 fold change, p < 0.05), HSP70 (1.59 ± 0.28 fold change, p < 0.05), and HSP27 gene expression (1.49 ± 0.09 fold change, p < 0.05) after 3 hours from the first bout of exercise, followed by an increase in proteins' amount at 24 hours (SOD1, 1.80 ± 0.34 fold change; HSP70, 3.40 ± 0.58 fold change; and HSP27, 1.81 ± 0.20 fold change, p < 0.05) and return to basal levels after the 5 days of aerobic training. Indeed, the posttraining basal levels of oxidized molecules in plasma and PBMCs were statistically lower than the pretraining levels (carbonyl content, 0.50 ± 0.05 fold change, p < 0.01), paralleled by a lower expression of SOD2, Gpx1, and TrxR1, at mRNA (SOD2, 0.63 ± 0.06; GPx1, 0.69 ± 0.07; and TrxR1, 0.69 ± 0.12 fold change, p < 0.05) and protein (TrxR1, 0.49 ± 0.11 fold change, p < 0.05) levels. These results verified the existence of an early phase of redox adaptation to physical exercise already achievable after 5 days of moderate, regular aerobic training. More interestingly, this phenomenon was paralleled by the degree of NFκB activation in PBMCs and the decrease of plasmatic proinflammatory cytokines IL8, IL21, and IL22 in the posttraining period, suggesting an interconnected, short-term efficacy of aerobic exercise towards systemic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312644. [PMID: 34886369 PMCID: PMC8656922 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Due to the prevalence and incidence worldwide of type 2 diabetes, and the significant role physical activity plays in these patients, a systematic review has been conducted to find out the effects that high-intensity interval training has on inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This project aims to determine the effect this training modality has on inflammatory biomarkers, in addition to observing its effects on the values of body composition and determining if this is a more effective, less effective or equally effective alternative to standard aerobic or resistance training. Methods: A search was conducted in the months of November and December 2020 on different databases: Pubmed, WoS and PEDro. A protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42021281186). The studies selected met the previously defined inclusion criteria, and the methodological quality of the papers used was evaluated according to the Downs and Black Checklist. Results: Out of 46 studies found, seven were included. The most relevant data concerning the characteristics of the clinical trials and HIIT characteristics, the values of body composition and the biomarkers under study were extracted from each study. Moreover, the results obtained from the different studies were described. Conclusions: HIIT could have an effect on inflammatory biomarkers. There is likely to be a relationship between changes in inflammatory profile and fat loss. A controlled diet may be a good complement to reduce the inflammatory profile. Further studies are required to determine whether HIIT is a better, worse or an equivalent alternative to medium-intensity aerobic exercise to improve the inflammatory profile.
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Islam H, Neudorf H, Mui AL, Little JP. Interpreting 'anti-inflammatory' cytokine responses to exercise: focus on interleukin-10. J Physiol 2021; 599:5163-5177. [PMID: 34647335 DOI: 10.1113/jp281356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentrations of canonically pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are commonly measured when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. An important caveat to interpreting systemic cytokine concentrations as evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise is the observed dissociation between circulating cytokine concentrations and cytokine function at the tissue/cellular level. The dichotomization of cytokines as pro- or anti-inflammatory also overlooks the context dependence of cytokine function, which can vary depending on the physiological state being studied, the cytokine's cellular source/target, and magnitude of cytokine responses. We re-evaluate our current understanding of anti-inflammatory cytokine responses to exercise by highlighting nuances surrounding the interpretation of altered systemic cytokine concentrations as evidence for changes in inflammatory processes occurring at the tissue/cellular level. We highlight the lesser known pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory actions of the prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10, including the potentiation of interferon gamma production during endotoxaemia, CD8+ T cell activation in tumour bearing rodents and cancer patients in vivo, and CD8+ T lymphocyte and natural killer cell activation in vitro. IL-10's more well-established anti-inflammatory actions can also be blunted following exercise training and under chronic inflammatory states such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) independently of circulating IL-10 concentrations. The resistance to IL-10's anti-inflammatory action in T2D coincides with blunted STAT3 phosphorylation and can be restored with small-molecule activators of IL-10 signalling, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues for restoring IL-10 action. We posit that inferences based on altered circulating cytokine concentrations alone can miss important functional changes in cytokine action occurring at the tissue/cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Helena Neudorf
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alice L Mui
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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19
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Endurance training alleviates MCP-1 and TERRA accumulation at old age in human skeletal muscle. Exp Gerontol 2021; 153:111510. [PMID: 34371098 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and telomere transcription are up-regulated by acute endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle. Whether and how life-long exercise training influences the antioxidant system response at transcriptional level and TERRA expression is unknown, especially during aging. Response to acute endurance exercise was investigated in muscle biopsies of 3 male subjects after 45 min of cycling. MCP-1 and SOD1 mRNA levels increased up to, 15-fold and 63%, respectively, after the cycling session while the mRNA levels of SOD2 were downregulated by 25%. The effects of chronic endurance exercise and aging were tested in the blood and muscle of 34 male subjects divided into four groups: young (YU) or old (OU) untrained, young (YT) or old (OT) trained cyclists. Long-term endurance training limited the age-dependent elevation in SOD1 (OT vs OU, -26%, P = 0.03) and the decline in SOD2 mRNA levels (OU vs YU, -41%, P = 0.04). A high endurance training status alleviated the age-related increase in the aging biological marker MCP-1 in plasma (OU vs YU, +48%, P = 0.005). Similar results were observed for telomeric transcription as the age-associated increase in 16p TERRA levels (OU vs YU, +39%, P = 0.001) was counteracted by a high endurance training status (OT vs OU, -63%, P = 0.0005). In conclusion, as MCP-1, we propose that the age-related TERRA accumulation might represent a novel biological marker of aging. Those aging-related increase expression might be alleviated by a high endurance training status. Whether those biological markers of aging are linked to an elevation of oxidative stress is still an open question. Therefore, whether the positive adaptations provided by endurance training indeed reduce oxidative stress, including at telomeres, and whether TERRA plays any role in this, need to be further investigated.
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20
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Relationships between Vitamin D and Selected Cytokines and Hemogram Parameters in Professional Football Players-Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137124. [PMID: 34281061 PMCID: PMC8297090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D affects both innate and adaptive immunity. Most of the effects of vitamin D on innate immunity are anti-inflammatory. In monocytes/macrophages, vitamin D suppresses the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and selected cytokines—IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, which are hemogram parameters for professional football players. We enrolled 41 Polish premier league soccer players. The mean age, career duration, and VO2max were, respectively: 22.7 ± 5.3 years, 14.7 ± 4.5 years, and 55.8 ± 4.0 mL/kg/min. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) using the Elecsys system (Roche, Switzerland). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis). Blood count with smear was measured on a Sysmex XT-4000i analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Japan). Our study showed decreased serum 25(OH)D levels in 78% of the professional players. We found a significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and TNF-α and LYMPH (%). The results also demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D levels and NEUTH (%), NEUTH (tys/µL), and EOS (tys/µL). Based on the results of our study, we concluded that football players from Poland are not protected against vitamin D insufficiency in winter months. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased pro-inflammatory risk in well-trained athletes.
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21
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Age and Sport Intensity-Dependent Changes in Cytokines and Telomere Length in Elite Athletes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071035. [PMID: 34203235 PMCID: PMC8300746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-associated immune response plays a crucial role in the aging process. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sport intensity on cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers and telomere length in aging elite athletes. In this study, 80 blood samples from consenting elite athletes were collected for anti-doping analysis at an anti-doping laboratory in Italy (FMSI). Participants were divided into three groups according to their sport intensity: low-intensity skills and power sports (LI, n = 18); moderate-intensity mixed soccer players (MI, n = 31); and high-intensity endurance sports (HI, n = 31). Participants were also divided into two age groups: less than 25 (n = 45) and above 25 years old (n = 35). Serum levels of 10 pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and two antioxidant enzymes were compared in age and sport intensity groups and telomere lengths were measured in their respective blood samples. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was the only cytokine showing significantly higher concentration in older athletes, regardless of sport intensity. Interleukin (IL)-10 increased significantly in HI regardless of age group, whereas IL-6 concentration was higher in the older HI athletes. IL-8 showed a significant interaction with sport intensity in different age groups. Overall, significant positive correlations among levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-8 and TNF-α were identified. The antioxidant catalase activity was positively correlated with levels of TNF-α. Telomere length increased significantly with sport intensity, especially in the younger group. HI had longer telomeres and higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting less aging in HI compared to low and moderate counterparts in association with heightened immune response. Investigation of the functional significance of these associations on the health and performance of elite athletes is warranted.
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22
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Identification of Critical Genes and Signaling Pathways in Human Monocytes Following High-Intensity Exercise. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060618. [PMID: 34067297 PMCID: PMC8224747 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes are critical components, not only for innate immunity, but also for the activation of the adaptive immune system. Many studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that monocytes may be closely associated with chronic inflammatory diseases and be proved to be pivotal in the association between high-intensity exercise and anti-inflammation response. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving this are barely understood. The present study aimed to screen for potential hub genes and candidate signaling pathways associated with the effects of high-intensity exercise on human monocytes through bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GSE51835 gene expression dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The dataset consists of 12 monocyte samples from two groups of pre-exercise and post-exercise individuals. Identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with R software, and functional annotation and pathway analyses were then performed with related web databases. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network which discovers key functional protein and a transcription factors-DEGs network which predicts upstream regulators were constructed. RESULTS A total of 146 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 95 upregulated and 51 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that in the biological process functional group, these DEGs were mainly involved in cellular response to hydrogen peroxide, response to unfolded protein, negative regulation of cell proliferation, cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress, and positive regulation of protein metabolic process. The top five enrichment pathways in a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were the FoxO signaling pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, influenza A, the ErbB signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. TNF, DUSP1, ATF3, CXCR4, NR4A1, BHLHE40, CDKN1B, SOCS3, TNFAIP3, and MCL1 were the top 10 potential hub genes. The most important modules obtained in the PPI network were performed KEGG pathway analysis, which showed that these genes were mainly involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the TNF signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and apoptosis. A transcription factor (TF) target network illustrated that FOXJ2 was a critical regulatory factor. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the essential genes and pathways associated with exercise and monocytes. Among these, four essential genes (TNF, DUSP1, CXCR4, and NR4A1) and the FoxO signaling pathway play vital roles in the immune function of monocytes. High-intensity exercise may improve the resistance of chronic inflammatory diseases by regulating the expression of these genes.
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MacNeil LG, Tarnopolsky MA, Crane JD. Acute, Exercise-Induced Alterations in Cytokines and Chemokines in the Blood Distinguish Physically Active and Sedentary Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:811-818. [PMID: 33289019 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging results in a chronic, proinflammatory state which can promote and exacerbate age-associated diseases. In contrast, physical activity in older adults improves whole body health, protects against disease, and reduces inflammation, but the elderly are less active making it difficult to disentangle the effects of aging from a sedentary lifestyle. To interrogate this interaction, we analyzed peripheral blood collected at rest and postexercise from 68 healthy younger and older donors that were either physically active aerobic exercisers or chronically sedentary. Subjects were profiled for 44 low-abundance cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in peripheral blood. At rest, we found that regular physical activity had no impact on the age-related elevation in circulating IL-18, eotaxin, GRO, IL-8, IP-10, PDGF-AA, or RANTES. Similarly, there was no impact of physical activity on the age-related reduction in VEGF, EGF, or IL-12 (p70). However, older exercisers had lower resting plasma fractalkine, IL-3, IL-6, and TNF-α compared to sedentary older adults. In contrast to our resting characterization, blood responses following acute exercise produced more striking difference between groups. Physically active younger and older subjects increased over 50% of the analyzed factors in their blood which resulted in both unique and overlapping exercise signatures. However, sedentary individuals, particularly the elderly, had few detectable changes in response to exercise. Overall, we show that long-term physical activity has a limited effect on age-associated changes in basal cytokines and chemokines in the healthy elderly, yet physically active individuals exhibit a broader induction of factors postexercise irrespective of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G MacNeil
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin D Crane
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Howlett N, Bottoms L, Chater A, Clark AB, Clarke T, David L, Irvine K, Jones A, Jones J, Mengoni SE, Murdoch J, Pond M, Sharma S, Sims EJ, Turner DA, Wellsted D, Wilson J, Wyatt S, Trivedi D. A randomised controlled trial of energetic activity for depression in young people (READY): a multi-site feasibility trial protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33390189 PMCID: PMC7779325 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of depression is increasing in young people, and there is a need to develop and evaluate behavioural interventions which may provide benefits equal to or greater than talking therapies or pharmacological alternatives. Exercise could be beneficial for young people living with depression, but robust, large-scale trials of effectiveness and the impact of exercise intensity are lacking. This study aims to test whether a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of an intervention targeting young people living with depression is feasible by determining whether it is possible to recruit and retain young people, develop and deliver the intervention as planned, and evaluate training and delivery. METHODS The design is a three-arm cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial with embedded process evaluation. Participants will be help-seeking young people, aged 13-17 years experiencing mild to moderate low mood or depression, referred from three counties in England. The intervention will be delivered by registered exercise professionals, supported by mental health support workers, twice a week for 12 weeks. The three arms will be high-intensity exercise, low-intensity exercise, and a social activity control. All arms will receive a 'healthy living' behaviour change session prior to each exercise session and the two exercise groups are energy matched. The outcomes are referral, recruitment, and retention rates; attendance at exercise sessions; adherence to and ability to reach intensity during exercise sessions; proportions of missing data; adverse events, all measured at baseline, 3, and 6 months; resource use; and reach and representativeness. DISCUSSION UK National Health Service (NHS) policy is to provide young people with advice about using exercise to help depression but there is no evidence-based exercise intervention to either complement or as an alternative to medication or talking therapies. UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines suggest that exercise can be an effective treatment, but the evidence base is relatively weak. This feasibility trial will provide evidence about whether it is feasible to recruit and retain young people to a full RCT to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an exercise intervention for depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN66452702 . Registered 9 April 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Howlett
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - L. Bottoms
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - A. Chater
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health, Education, Sport and Social Science, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA UK
| | - A. B. Clark
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TR UK
| | - T. Clarke
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Hellesdon Hospital, Drayton High Road, Norwich, NR6 5BE UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ UK
| | - L. David
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - K. Irvine
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - A. Jones
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ UK
| | - J. Jones
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - S. E. Mengoni
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - J. Murdoch
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TR UK
| | - M. Pond
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TR UK
| | - S. Sharma
- Department of Psychology, Sport, and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - E. J. Sims
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TR UK
| | - D. A. Turner
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ UK
| | - D. Wellsted
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - J. Wilson
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Hellesdon Hospital, Drayton High Road, Norwich, NR6 5BE UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ UK
| | - S. Wyatt
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
| | - D. Trivedi
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB UK
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25
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Vieira-Souza LM, Santos JLD, Marçal AC, Voltarelli FA, Aidar FJ, Miguel-dos-Santos R, Costa RDA, Matos DGD, Santos SL, Araújo SSD. Biomarker responses of cardiac oxidative stress to high intensity interval training in rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742021021420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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26
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Jakus T, Jurdana M, Žiberna L, Pražnikar ZJ. Acute moderate-intensity exercise increases total antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory responses in competitive cyclists: The role of adiponectin. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739221998890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise can elicit acute changes in the biochemical and physiological processes in the body of an athlete, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum levels of anti-inflammatory adiponectin (APN), and inflammatory markers in competitive cyclists. Ten male cyclists (age 15–26 years, body mass index 19.4–24.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. Each subject performed the maximal oxygen uptake test (VO2peak) and completed a 10-min cycling exercise at a workload of 50% of the peak of VO2peak. Blood samples were collected on three different occasions: after an overnight fasting and at the exercise workloads of 50% and 100% VO2peak. We measured APN, TAC, inflammatory markers as well as assessed nutrient and energy intake for each participant. Baseline concentration of serum APN (10.92 µg/mL) significantly increased at 50% and at 100% VO2peak. In addition, TAC also increased after acute exercise (0.079 vs 0.093 nmol/µL). The concentration of APN at 50% VO2peak positively correlated with the CRP ( r = 0.640, p = 0.046) and negatively correlated with TNF-α ( r = −0.696, p = 0.025). This test showed that short (10 min) and medium-intensity (50% VO2peak) exercise activity in trained athletes evoked beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Importantly, this response correlates with the increase in APN levels thereby showing that highly trained individuals have beneficial responses originating from adipose tissue. Our observations show that a short training at moderate activity can be an important preservative strategy during the recovery training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Jakus
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Jurdana
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Lovro Žiberna
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zala J Pražnikar
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
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27
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Immunoregulation induced by autologous serum collected after acute exercise in obese men: a randomized cross-over trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21735. [PMID: 33303928 PMCID: PMC7729871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of autologous serum collected after two types of exercise on the in vitro inflammatory profile and T cell phenotype of resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in obese men. Serum samples and PBMCs were obtained from eight obese men who performed two exercise bouts—high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and exhaustive exercise session to voluntary fatigue—in a randomized cross-over trial. Pre-exercise PBMCs were incubated with 50% autologous serum (collected before and after each exercise bout) for 4 h. In vitro experiments revealed that post-HIIE serum reduced the histone H4 acetylation status and NF-κB content of PBMCs and suppressed the production of both TNF-α and IL-6 by PBMCs, while increasing IL-10 production. Post-exhaustive exercise serum induced histone H4 hyperacetylation and mitochondrial depolarization in lymphocytes and increased TNF-α production. In vitro post-HIIE serum incubation resulted in an increase in the frequencies of CD4 + CTLA-4 + and CD4 + CD25+ T cells expressing CD39 and CD73. Post-exhaustive exercise serum decreased the frequency of CD4 + CD25 + CD73+ T cells but increased CD4 + CD25-CD39 + T cell frequency. Both post-exercise serums increased the proportions of CD4 + PD-1 + and CD8 + PD-1+ T cells. Blood serum factors released during exercise altered the immune response and T cell phenotype. The type of exercise impacted the immunomodulatory activity of the post-exercise serum on PBMCs.
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28
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Zare MM, Ghram A, Akbarnejad A, Soori R, Charkhi Sahl Abad A, Azizi Ghuchan F, Nunes-Silva A. Effect of purslane seed supplementation on inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and muscle damage in response to high-intensity intermittent exercise in national athlete runners. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Cerqueira É, Marinho DA, Neiva HP, Lourenço O. Inflammatory Effects of High and Moderate Intensity Exercise-A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1550. [PMID: 31992987 PMCID: PMC6962351 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise leads to a robust inflammatory response mainly characterized by the mobilization of leukocytes and an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators produced by immune cells and directly from the active muscle tissue. Both positive and negative effects on immune function and susceptibility to minor illness have been observed following different training protocols. While engaging in moderate activity may enhance immune function above sedentary levels, excessive amounts of prolonged, high-intensity exercise may impair immune function. Thus, the aim of the present review was to clarify the inflammatory effects in response to different exercise intensities. Methods: Search was performed on PubMed and was completed on July 31st, 2017. The studies were eligible if they met the predefined inclusion criteria: a) observational or interventional studies, b) conducted in healthy adults (18-65 years), c) written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, d) including moderate and/or intense exercise. Eighteen articles were included. The specific components that were examined included circulating blood levels of cytokines, leukocytes, creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. Results: Most of the intervention studies showed changes in the assessed biomarkers, although these changes were not consistent. White blood cells (WBC) had an increase immediately after intensive exercise (> 64% VO2max), without alteration after moderate exercise (46-64% VO2max). The results suggested an elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6, followed by an elevation of IL-10 that were more evident after intense exercise bouts. CRP increased both after intense and moderate exercise, with peak increases up to 28 h. CK increased only after intensive and long exercising. Conclusion: In summary, intense long exercise can lead, in general, to higher levels of inflammatory mediators, and thus might increase the risk of injury and chronic inflammation. In contrast, moderate exercise or vigorous exercise with appropriate resting periods can achieve maximum benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Cerqueira
- FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilha, Portugal
| | - Henrique P Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilha, Portugal
| | - Olga Lourenço
- FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal.,CICS - UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
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30
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Harper DJ, Carling C, Kiely J. High-Intensity Acceleration and Deceleration Demands in Elite Team Sports Competitive Match Play: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Sports Med 2019; 49:1923-1947. [PMID: 31506901 PMCID: PMC6851047 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The external movement loads imposed on players during competitive team sports are commonly measured using global positioning system devices. Information gleaned from analyses is employed to calibrate physical conditioning and injury prevention strategies with the external loads imposed during match play. Intense accelerations and decelerations are considered particularly important indicators of external load. However, to date, no prior meta-analysis has compared high and very high intensity acceleration and deceleration demands in elite team sports during competitive match play. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify and compare high and very high intensity acceleration vs. deceleration demands occurring during competitive match play in elite team sport contexts. METHODS A systematic review of four electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and April 2018 that had reported higher intensity (> 2.5 m·s-2) accelerations and decelerations concurrently in elite team sports competitive match play. A Boolean search phrase was developed using key words synonymous to team sports (population), acceleration and deceleration (comparators) and match play (outcome). Articles only eligible for meta-analysis were those that reported either or both high (> 2.5 m·s-2) and very high (> 3.5 m·s-2) intensity accelerations and decelerations concurrently using global positioning system devices (sampling rate: ≥ 5 Hz) during elite able-bodied (mean age: ≥ 18 years) team sports competitive match play (match time: ≥ 75%). Separate inverse random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to compare: (1) standardised mean differences (SMDs) in the frequency of high and very high intensity accelerations and decelerations occurring during match play, and (2) SMDs of temporal changes in high and very high intensity accelerations and decelerations across first and second half periods of match play. Using recent guidelines recommended for the collection, processing and reporting of global positioning system data, a checklist was produced to help inform a judgement about the methodological limitations (risk of detection bias) aligned to 'data collection', 'data processing' and 'normative profile' for each eligible study. For each study, each outcome was rated as either 'low', 'unclear' or 'high' risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 19 studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising seven team sports including American Football (n = 1), Australian Football (n = 2), hockey (n = 1), rugby league (n = 4), rugby sevens (n = 3), rugby union (n = 2) and soccer (n = 6) with a total of 469 male participants (mean age: 18-29 years). Analysis showed only American Football reported a greater frequency of high (SMD = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.43) and very high (SMD = 0.19; 95% CI - 0.42 to 0.80) intensity accelerations compared to decelerations. All other sports had a greater frequency of high and very high intensity decelerations compared to accelerations, with soccer demonstrating the greatest difference for both the high (SMD = - 1.74; 95% CI - 1.28 to - 2.21) and very high (SMD = - 3.19; 95% CI - 2.05 to - 4.33) intensity categories. When examining the temporal changes from the first to the second half periods of match play, there was a small decrease in both the frequency of high and very high intensity accelerations (SMD = 0.50 and 0.49, respectively) and decelerations (SMD = 0.42 and 0.46, respectively). The greatest risk of bias (40% 'high' risk of bias) observed across studies was in the 'data collection' procedures. The lowest risk of bias (35% 'low' risk of bias) was found in the development of a 'normative profile'. CONCLUSIONS To ensure that elite players are optimally prepared for the high-intensity accelerations and decelerations imposed during competitive match play, it is imperative that players are exposed to comparable demands under controlled training conditions. The results of this meta-analysis, accordingly, can inform practical training designs. Finally, guidelines and recommendations for conducting future research, using global positioning system devices, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J Harper
- School of Sport, York St John University, Lord Mayors Walk, York, YO31 7EX, UK.
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Christopher Carling
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
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31
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Alizadeh H, Safarzade A. High intensity intermittent training induces anti-inflammatory cytokine responses and improves body composition in overweight adolescent boys. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 39:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2019-0004/hmbci-2019-0004.xml. [PMID: 31369392 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) modulate systemic energy metabolism through modifying body composition parameters. Hence, this study aimed at overweight adolescent boys to explore the effect of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on these anti-inflammatory cytokines and body composition parameters. Materials and methods Twenty overweight adolescent boys [aged: 18.0 ± 1.5 years, weight: 81.8 ± 4.3 kg, body mass index (BMI): 27.6 ± 0.8 kg/m2] completed this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of control (CG, n = 10) and training (TG, n = 10). Subjects in the TG performed their training sessions 3 days/week for 6 weeks. The baseline serum values of IL-4 and IL-13 and anthropometric features were measured 1 day before the beginning of exercise intervention and 1 day after the last training session in a fasting state. Results Six weeks of HIIT significantly increased the baseline serum levels of IL-4 (p = 0.022) and IL-13 (p = 0.014) in overweight adolescent boys. In addition, body weight (BW), BMI and body fat percent (BF%) were reduced in response to HIIT. Moreover, significantly negative correlations were found between changes of IL-4 and IL-13 with changes of BW, BMI and BF%. Conclusions HIIT seems to be an appropriate exercise modality for overweight adolescent boys to induce an anti-inflammatory cytokine response and, to improve body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Alizadeh
- University of Mazandaran, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Alireza Safarzade
- University of Mazandaran, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
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32
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El Abed K, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Masmoudi L, Bailey SJ, Hakim A, Bragazzi NL. Independent and Combined Effects of All-Out Sprint and Low-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Plasma Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Trained Judokas. Front Physiol 2019; 10:842. [PMID: 31354512 PMCID: PMC6630067 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess oxidative stress biomarkers prior to and following different forms of exercise. Ten elite male judokas (age: 18.1 ± 1.7 years, athletic experience: 6 years with a training frequency of 6 Judo-sessions/week) performed three cycle ergometry sessions comprising a 30 s Wingate test (MAX), 30 min at 60% maximal-aerobic-power-output (LOW) or these two exercise protocols combined (COMBINED) in a repeated-measures design. Venous blood-samples were collected before, and 0(P0), 5(P5), 10(P10) and 20(P20) min after each exercise protocol and assessed for malondialdehyde concentration ([MDA]), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) content, and total-antioxidant-status (TAS). Plasma [MDA] was found to be increased above baseline at P0 and P5 in the MAX, LOW and COMBINED conditions (p < 0.05), but was greater at P10 and P20 in the LOW condition compared to MAX and COMBINED conditions (p < 0.05). Blood GPX and SOD content increased above baseline at P0 in MAX and COMBINED and at P5 in LOW (p < 0.05), with GR content being similar between groups at P0 and P5 (p > 0.05). 20 min post-exercise, GPX, SOD, GR content and TAS were lower in the MAX compared to the LOW and COMBINED conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings from this study reveal that redox-related biomarkers exhibited divergent response dynamics following different forms of exercise, which might have implications for understanding the mechanisms of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and adaptive remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais El Abed
- Research Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Xenobiotics (UR12 ES13), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Xenobiotics (UR12 ES13), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Hakim
- Research Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Xenobiotics (UR12 ES13), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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33
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Bazgir B, Delpasand A, Shirvani H. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and lactate in response to combat physical fitness test. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Wadley AJ, Keane G, Cullen T, James L, Vautrinot J, Davies M, Hussey B, Hunter DJ, Mastana S, Holliday A, Petersen SV, Bishop NC, Lindley MR, Coles SJ. Characterization of extracellular redox enzyme concentrations in response to exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:858-866. [PMID: 31246554 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00340.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox enzymes modulate intracellular redox balance and are secreted in response to cellular oxidative stress, potentially modulating systemic inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise are known to cause acute systemic oxidative stress and inflammation; however, how redox enzyme concentrations alter in extracellular fluids following bouts of either type of exercise is unknown. Recreationally active men (n = 26, mean ± SD: age 28 ± 8 yr) took part in either: 1) two separate energy-matched cycling bouts: one of moderate intensity (MOD) and a bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or 2) an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (RES). Alterations in plasma (study 1) and serum (study 2) peroxiredoxin (PRDX)-2, PRDX-4, superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3), thioredoxin (TRX-1), TRX-reductase and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed before and at various timepoints after exercise. There was a significant increase in SOD3 (+1.5 ng/mL) and PRDX-4 (+5.9 ng/mL) concentration following HIIE only, peaking at 30- and 60-min post-exercise respectively. TRX-R decreased immediately and 60 min following HIIE (-7.3 ng/mL) and MOD (-8.6 ng/mL), respectively. In non-resistance trained men, no significant changes in redox enzyme concentrations were observed up to 48 h following RES, despite significant muscle damage. IL-6 concentration increased in response to all trials, however there was no significant relationship between absolute or exercise-induced changes in redox enzyme concentrations. These results collectively suggest that HIIE, but not MOD or RES increase the extracellular concentration of PRDX-4 and SOD3. Exercise-induced changes in redox enzyme concentrations do not appear to directly relate to systemic changes in IL-6 concentration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two studies were conducted to characterize changes in redox enzyme concentrations after single bouts of exercise to investigate the emerging association between extracellular redox enzymes and inflammation. We provide evidence that SOD3 and PRDX-4 concentration increased following high-intensity aerobic but not eccentric-based resistance exercise. Changes were not associated with IL-6. The results provide a platform to investigate the utility of SOD3 and PRDX-4 as biomarkers of oxidative stress following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Wadley
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Keane
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Cullen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey James
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Vautrinot
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Davies
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Hussey
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - David J Hunter
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sarabjit Mastana
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Holliday
- Institute of Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicolette C Bishop
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Lindley
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Coles
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
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35
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Kemp RN, Loh R, Howe CCF, Moir HJ. Relationship of inflammatory response and mood to high-intensity interval exercise. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael N. Kemp
- Applied & Human Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry; Kingston University, London; Kingston upon Thames UK
| | - Roland Loh
- Applied & Human Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry; Kingston University, London; Kingston upon Thames UK
| | - Christopher C. F. Howe
- Applied & Human Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry; Kingston University, London; Kingston upon Thames UK
| | - Hannah J. Moir
- Applied & Human Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry; Kingston University, London; Kingston upon Thames UK
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Cabral-Santos C, de Lima Junior EA, Fernandes IMDC, Pinto RZ, Rosa-Neto JC, Bishop NC, Lira FS. Interleukin-10 responses from acute exercise in healthy subjects: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9956-9965. [PMID: 30536945 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that plays a critical role with potent anti-inflammatory properties when produced during exercise, limiting host immune response to pathogens and preventing tissue damage. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the response of IL-10 after acute exercise session in healthy adults. METHODS Databases of Ovid Medline (1978-2016), CINAHL (1998-2016), EMBASE (2003-2016), SportDiscus (1990-2016), and Web of Science library (1990-2016) were carefully screened. Clinical trials comparing exercise types in healthy individuals were included for pooled analysis. The trials of exercise were methodologically appraised by PEDro Scale. RESULTS Twelve randomized controlled and crossover trials containing 176 individuals were identified for inclusion. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences between type of exercise and the corresponding values in IL-10 [X2(4) = 2.878; p = 0.449]. The duration of exercise was significantly correlated with increase in IL-10 changes (Pearson's r = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.015-0.042, p < 0.0001) indicating that 48% of the variation in IL-10 levels can be explained by the duration of the exercise performed. In addition, despite a linear increase, we did not find a significant correlation with the intensity of exercise and IL-10 changes (Pearson's r = 0.218, 95%CI: -0.554-0.042, p < 0.035). CONCLUSION Overall, the duration of the exercise is the single most important factor determining the magnitude of the exercise-induced increase of plasma IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maia da Cruz Fernandes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Zambelli Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José César Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolette Charllote Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences and National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Henke E, Oliveira VS, Silva IMD, Schipper L, Dorneles G, Elsner VR, de Oliveira MR, Romão PRT, Peres A. Acute and chronic effects of High Intensity Interval Training on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers of postmenopausal obese women. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugênia Henke
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Igor Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Lucas Schipper
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Viviane R. Elsner
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Pedro R. T. Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Wadley AJ, Holliday A, Morgan RG, Heesom KJ, Aldred S, Peters DM, Bueno AA, Coles SJ. Preliminary evidence of reductive stress in human cytotoxic T cells following exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:586-595. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01137.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated immunophenotypic differences in intracellular thiol redox state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from trained [ n = 9, means ± SD: age 28 ± 5 yr; (body mass index) BMI 23.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2; V̇o2max (maximal oxygen intake)56.9 ± 6.1 ml·kg−1·min−1] and recreationally active (RA, n = 11, means ± SD: age 27 ± 6 yr; BMI 24.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2; V̇o2max 45.1 ± 6.4 ml·kg−1·min−1) participants before and after a maximal aerobic exercise tolerance test. Blood samples were taken before (Pre), during (sample acquired at 70% maximum heart rate), immediately after (Post + 0), and 15 min postexercise (Post + 15). PBMCs were isolated, and reduced thiol analysis [fluorescein-5 maleimide (F5M)] by immunophenotype [cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD4+, and CD8+] was performed using flow cytometry. A significant increase in cellular F5M fluorescence was observed in CD3+ T cells at Post + 0, with changes driven to a greater extent by CD8+ T cells (fold change in both groups CD4: +2.3, CD8: +2.8; P < 0.05). Further analysis revealed a population of highly reduced CD8+ T cells (CD8+T-reduced+) that significantly increased from Pre to Post + 0 in RA participants only (RA: +272 cell/µl, P < 0.05). To understand these results further, CD8+T-reduced+ and CD8+T-reduced− cells were analyzed for immunophenotype in response to the same exercise protocol ( n = 6, means ± SD: age 24 ± 5 yr; BMI 25.7 ± 4.1 kg·m−2; V̇o2max 41.33 ± 7.63 ml·kg−1·min−1). CD8+T-reduced+ had significantly less lymphoid homing potential (chemokine receptor type 7) Post + 0 compared with Pre. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that lymphocyte populations become more reductive in response to acute exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study presented provides the first evidence to suggest that cytotoxic T cells become transiently reductive in healthy individuals following a single bout of cycling. Detection of these cells was enabled via the use of a flow cytometric assay that incorporates the thiol reactive probe fluorescein-5 maleimide. Using this method, transient reductive stress in viable T cells is permissible and provides the basis for further research in the area of exercise immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Wadley
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Holliday
- Institute of Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys G. Morgan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J. Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Derek M. Peters
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Allain A. Bueno
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Coles
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
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Cipryan L. The effect of fitness level on cardiac autonomic regulation, IL-6, total antioxidant capacity, and muscle damage responses to a single bout of high-intensity interval training. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:363-371. [PMID: 30356659 PMCID: PMC6189275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the cardiorespiratory fitness level on the response to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with an individually adjusted running speed of the same relative intensity. The evaluation focused on acute cardiorespiratory response, postexercise cardiac autonomic modulation (heart rate variability (HRV)) and biochemical markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle damage. METHODS Thirty participants were divided into 3 subgroups: well trained, moderately trained, and untrained. All the participants performed 30 min HIIT composed of 6 × 2 min interval exercise with work-to-relief ratio = 1 and work intensity 100% of individual velocity at maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max ). Acute cardiorespiratory variables, postexercise HRV, lactate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), creatine kinase, and myoglobin up to 4 h after HIIT were monitored. RESULTS The differences in relatively expressed cardiorespiratory variables (heart rate, VO2) during HIIT were at most moderate, with the most pronounced between-group differences in absolute VO2 values. The disruption of the postexercise HRV was the most pronounced in untrained individuals, and this difference persisted 1 h after HIIT. The highest postexercise IL-6 and TAC concentrations and the lowest changes in creatine kinase and myoglobin were revealed in well-trained individuals. CONCLUSION The higher fitness level was associated with the less pronounced postexercise cardiac autonomic changes and their faster restoration, even when there were similar acute cardiorespiratory responses. These findings were simultaneously accompanied by the higher postexercise IL-6 and TAC concentrations and less significant changes in muscle damage biochemical markers in well-trained individuals.
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Brown FF, Campbell JP, Wadley AJ, Fisher JP, Aldred S, Turner JE. Acute aerobic exercise induces a preferential mobilisation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells into the peripheral blood in man. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:191-198. [PMID: 29763678 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important sentinel cells of the immune system responsible for presenting antigen to T cells. Exercise is known to cause an acute and transient increase in the frequency of DCs in the bloodstream in humans, yet there are contradictory findings in the literature regarding the phenotypic composition of DCs mobilised during exercise, which may have implications for immune regulation and health. Accordingly, we sought to investigate the composition of DC sub-populations mobilised in response to acute aerobic exercise. Nine healthy males (age, 21.9 ± 3.6 years; height, 177.8 ± 5.4 cm; body mass, 78.9 ± 10.8 kg; body mass index, 24.9 ± 3.3 kg·m2; V̇O2 MAX, 41.5 ± 5.1 mL·kg·min-1) cycled for 20 min at 80% V̇O2 MAX. Blood was sampled at baseline, during the final minute of exercise and 30 min later. Using flow cytometry, total DCs were defined as Lineage- (CD3, CD19, CD20, CD14, CD56) HLA-DR+ and subsequently identified as plasmacytoid DCs (CD303+) and myeloid DCs (CD303-). Myeloid DCs were analysed for expression of CD1c and CD141 to yield four sub-populations; CD1c-CD141+; CD1c+CD141+; CD1c+CD141- and CD1c-CD141-. Expression of CD205 was also analysed on all DC sub-populations to identify DCs capable of recognising apoptotic and necrotic cells. Total DCs increased by 150% during exercise (F(1,10) = 60; p < 0.05, η2 = 0.9). Plasmacytoid DCs mobilised to a greater magnitude than myeloid DCs (195 ± 131% vs. 131 ± 100%; p < 0.05). Among myeloid DCs, CD1c-CD141- cells showed the largest exercise-induced mobilisation (167 ± 122%), with a stepwise pattern observed among the remaining sub-populations: CD1c+CD141- (79 ± 50%), followed by CD1c+CD141+ (44 ± 41%), with the smallest response shown by CD1c-CD141+ cells (23 ± 54%) (p < 0.05). Among myeloid DCs, CD205- cells were the most exercise responsive. All DC subsets returned to resting levels within 30 min of exercise cessation. These results show that there is a preferential mobilisation of plasmacytoid DCs during exercise. Given the functional repertoire of plasmacytoid DCs, which includes the production of interferons against viral and bacterial pathogens, these findings indicate that exercise may augment immune-surveillance by preferentially mobilising effector cells; these findings have general implications for the promotion of exercise for health, and specifically for the optimisation of DC harvest for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK; Clinical Immunology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex J Wadley
- School Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - James P Fisher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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de Souza DC, Matos VAF, Dos Santos VOA, Medeiros IF, Marinho CSR, Nascimento PRP, Dorneles GP, Peres A, Müller CH, Krause M, Costa EC, Fayh APT. Effects of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Inflammatory, Leptin, IgA, and Lipid Peroxidation Responses in Obese Males. Front Physiol 2018; 9:567. [PMID: 29875681 PMCID: PMC5974092 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effects of a single high-intensity interval exercise session (HIIE) with a moderate-intensity continuous exercise session (MICE) on the inflammatory profile, IgA levels, and lipid peroxidation in sedentary obese males. Methods: Ten sedentary obese men (age 28.5 ± 2.7 years; BMI 35.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2; body fat 40.6 ± 2.0%) performed three experimental sessions, on separate days with 1 week wash-out period between interventions, according to a randomized order: (1) HIIE: 10 × 60 s at 90% of the HRmax alternated by 60 s of active recovery; (2) MICE: 20 min at 70% of the HRmax; (3) Rest—control. Blood and saliva samples were collected before, immediately after and 60 min after the end of each session in order to analyse serum levels of cytokines, IgA, and lipoperoxidation markers. Results: Leptin levels decreased immediately after HIIE (P = 0.033) and was different from the MICE (P = 0.025). IFN-γ levels were reduced immediately after (P = 0.032) and 60 min after HIIE (P = 0.003) compared to baseline, and it also increased IL-4 levels immediately after exercise (P = 0.007) compared to resting values. MICE promoted an increase in IFN-γ levels immediately after exercise (P = 0.025) and 60 min after exercise (P = 0.004) in relation to baseline. Both exercise conditions increased IL-6 levels up to 60 min after exercise (P < 0.05). The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased immediately after (P = 0.002) and 60 min after HIIE (P = 0.005) in relation to pre-exercise. No changes were found for IgA-S and TBARS for any of the conditions. Conclusion: A single HIIE session is able to decrease IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, indicating an anti-inflammatory response, without alterations in the function of the mucosal immune system and lipoperoxidation. On the other hand, a brief session of MICE induced changes in the pattern of cytokines associated with increased cellular immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C de Souza
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Victor A F Matos
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Victor O A Dos Santos
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Italo F Medeiros
- Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S R Marinho
- Health Science College of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Paulo R P Nascimento
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Research Center, Methodist University Center IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Müller
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Inflamação, Metabolismo e Exercício, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maurício Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism, and Exercise Research, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Costa
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana P T Fayh
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Parker L, Trewin A, Levinger I, Shaw CS, Stepto NK. Exercise-intensity dependent alterations in plasma redox status do not reflect skeletal muscle redox-sensitive protein signaling. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:416-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Maldonado-Martín S, Jayo-Montoya JA, Matajira-Chia T, Villar-Zabala B, Goiriena JJ, Aispuru GR. Effects of combined high-intensity aerobic interval training program and Mediterranean diet recommendations after myocardial infarction (INTERFARCT Project): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:156. [PMID: 29499766 PMCID: PMC5834904 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise therapy has long been used for rehabilitation purposes after myocardial infarction (MI) and the benefit of regular physical exercise is also well-established. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed to be more effective than continuous exercise for improving exercise capacity and health-related adaptations to low-volume (LV) and HIIT are also known. Furthermore, the Mediterranean diet (Mediet) has been widely reported to be a model of healthy eating for its contribution to a favorable health status and a better quality of life, reducing overall mortality. This study will investigate the effects of different HIIT programs (high-volume [HV] vs LV) and Mediet recommendations in clinical condition, cardiorespiratory fitness, biomarkers, ventricular function, and perception of quality of life after MI, and compared to an attention control group that is recommended to Mediet and physical activity without supervision sessions. METHODS/DESIGN In this randomized controlled trial, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, central and peripheral cardiovascular variables, biochemical and nutritional condition, and quality of life will be assessed before and after 16 weeks of intervention in 177 participants diagnosed with MI type 1. All participants will be randomly (1:1:1) assigned to the attention control group or two exercise groups (Mediet recommendations plus supervised aerobic exercise two days/week: (1) HV (40 min) HIIT group and (2) LV (20 min) HIIT group. DISCUSSION This study will be the first clinical trial comparing the effects of two different volumes of HIIT programs with Mediet recommendations for people after MI. The results of this study will provide good evidence for physical rehabilitation in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02876952 . Registered on 24 August 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maldonado-Martín
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Portal de Lasarte, 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country Spain
| | - Jon Ander Jayo-Montoya
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Portal de Lasarte, 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José Goiriena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - G. Rodrigo Aispuru
- Primary Care Administration of Burgos, Miranda de Ebro, Burgos, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
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Rai S, Chowdhury A, Reniers RLEP, Wood SJ, Lucas SJE, Aldred S. A pilot study to assess the effect of acute exercise on brain glutathione. Free Radic Res 2017; 52:57-69. [PMID: 29237310 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1411594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress due to its high metabolic demand. Increased oxidative stress and depletion of glutathione (GSH) are observed with aging and many neurological diseases. Exercise training has the potential to reduce oxidative stress in the brain. In this study, nine healthy sedentary males (aged 25 ± 4 years) undertook a bout of continuous moderate intensity exercise and a high-intensity interval (HII) exercise bout on separate days. GSH concentration in the anterior cingulate was assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in four participants, before and after exercise. This was a pilot study to evaluate the ability of the MRS method to detect exercise-induced changes in brain GSH in humans for the first time. MRS is a non-invasive method based on nuclear magnetic resonance, which enables the quantification of metabolites, such as GSH, in the human brain in vivo. To add context to brain GSH data, other markers of oxidative stress were also assessed in the periphery (in blood) at three time points [pre-, immediately post-, and post (∼1 hour)-exercise]. Moderate exercise caused a significant decrease in brain GSH from 2.12 ± 0.64 mM/kg to 1.26 ± 0.36 mM/kg (p = .04). Blood GSH levels increased immediately post-HII exercise, 580 ± 101 µM to 692 ± 102 µM (n = 9, p = .006). The findings from this study show that brain GSH is altered in response to acute moderate exercise, suggesting that exercise may stimulate an adaptive response in the brain. Due to the challenges in MRS methodology, this pilot study should be followed up with a larger exercise intervention trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahara Rai
- a School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Alimul Chowdhury
- b Medical Physics Department , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK
| | | | - Stephen J Wood
- d Orygen , the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health , Parkville , Australia.,e Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.,f School of Psychology , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- a School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,g Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Health Partners. , Birmingham , UK
| | - Sarah Aldred
- a School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,g Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Health Partners. , Birmingham , UK
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Pani SC, Al Khabbaz HJ, Bin Enayeg SH, Bin Zouman AH. The relationship between examination-related academic stress, salivary antioxidant capacity and exercise patterns of final-year Saudi dental students. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2017; 21:e83-e88. [PMID: 27393734 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the impact of examination stress on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of senior dental students and compare changes in TAC between students who exercise regularly and those who do not. METHODS A questionnaire designed to evaluate physical activity levels, body mass index (BMI) and academic performance was distributed to 325 senior dental students. Of the 312 who responded, a total of 70 were enrolled in the study, of whom 60 completed the study. The students were composed of a low-activity group (n = 30), who had a Goddard-Sheppard (GS) exercise score of <25, and a high-exercise group (n = 30), who had a GS score >60. Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaires and salivary samples were collected at the first week of the semester and at the week of the examinations. Salivary TAC was measured using a commercially available Radical Absorbance Antioxidant Assay measurement kit (Zen-Bio ORAC™, AMS Biotechnology, Abington UK). A total of 60 students completed the study. RESULTS A significant increase in DES values and a significant reduction in salivary TAC values were observed in the week of the examination compared to baseline scores. Although no differences were observed in the DES scores between the high-exercise and low-exercise groups, the high-exercise group showed a significantly lower reduction in examination week salivary TAC compared to their counterparts in the low-exercise group. Regression models showed a significant association between the TAC, exercise scores and DES scores in the week of the examinations. CONCLUSION Regular exercise may help protect students against the oxidative stress associated with academic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Pani
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H J Al Khabbaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S H Bin Enayeg
- Intern, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Bin Zouman
- Intern, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lira FS, dos Santos T, Caldeira RS, Inoue DS, Panissa VLG, Cabral-Santos C, Campos EZ, Rodrigues B, Monteiro PA. Short-Term High- and Moderate-Intensity Training Modifies Inflammatory and Metabolic Factors in Response to Acute Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:856. [PMID: 29163201 PMCID: PMC5671556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the acute and chronic effects of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and steady state training (SST) on the metabolic profile and inflammatory response in physically active men. Methods: Thirty recreationally active men were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 10), HIIT group (n = 10), or SST group (n = 10). For 5 weeks, three times per week, subjects performed HIIT (5 km 1-min at 100% of maximal aerobic speed interspersed by 1-min passive recovery) or SST (5 km at 70% of maximal aerobic speed) while the control group did not perform training. Blood samples were collected at fasting (~12 h), pre-exercise, immediately post, and 60 min post-acute exercise session (pre- and post-5 weeks training). Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, non-ester fatty acid (NEFA), and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels through a three-way analysis (group, period, and moment of measurement) with repeated measures in the second and third factors. Results: The results showed an effect of moment of measurement (acute session) with greater values to TNF-α and glucose immediately post the exercise when compared to pre exercise session, independently of group or training period. For IL-6 there was an interaction effect for group and moment of measurement (acute session) the increase occurred immediately post-exercise session and post-60 min in the HIIT group while in the SST the increase was observed only 60 min post, independently of training period. For IL-10, there was an interaction for training period (pre- and post-training) and moment of measurement (acute session), in which in pre-training, pre-exercise values were lower than immediately and 60 min post-exercise, in post-training period pre-exercise values were lower than immediately post-exercise and immediately post-exercise lower than 60 min post, it was also observed that values immediately post-exercise were lower pre- than post-training, being all results independently of intensity (group). Conclusion: Our main result point to an interaction (acute and chronic) for IL-10 showing attenuation post-training period independent of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaislaine dos Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Santos Caldeira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria L. G. Panissa
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Z. Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paula A. Monteiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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High Volume Exercise Training in Older Athletes Influences Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Acute Exercise. J Aging Phys Act 2017; 25:559-569. [PMID: 28181836 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2016-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether the volume of previous exercise training in older athletes influences inflammatory, redox, and hormonal profiles, 40 trained marathon runners were divided into higher-volume (HVG, ∼480 min/week) and lower-volume groups (LVG, ∼240 min/week). Plasma inflammatory proteins, redox biomarkers, salivary testosterone, and cortisol were assessed at restand following two maximal acute exercise bouts. At rest, the LVG exhibited higher CRP, higher protein carbonyls, and lower SOD activity compared to the HVG (p's < .05). In response to exercise, TNF-α declined similarly in both groups whereas CRP increased differentially (+60% LVG; +24% HVG; p's < .05). Protein carbonyls decreased and thiols increased similarly in both groups, but SOD declined differentially between groups (-14% LVG; -20% HVG; p's < .05). Salivary testosterone decreased similarly in both groups, whereas cortisol did not change. A higher volume of training is associated with favorable inflammatory and redox profiles at rest, perhaps mediated by small inflammatory responses to acute exercise.
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Kawamura K, Shinya M, Kobayashi H, Obata H, Kuwata M, Nakazawa K. Baseball pitching accuracy: an examination of various parameters when evaluating pitch locations. Sports Biomech 2017; 16:399-410. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1332236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsue Kawamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinya
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Obata
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Kuwata
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Bisson M, Tremblay F, St-Onge O, Robitaille J, Pronovost E, Simonyan D, Marc I. Influence of maternal physical activity on infant's body composition. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12 Suppl 1:38-46. [PMID: 27863167 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy might contribute to reduce neonatal adiposity, a predictor of metabolic disturbances. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between maternal PA intensity and neonatal body composition. METHODS Maternal PA measured by accelerometry and nutrition were documented during pregnancy, as well as neonatal body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry following delivery. Associations between PA at 17 and 36 weeks (time spent in moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) status and their interaction) and neonatal body composition were addressed by multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS From 104 women, 50 (48%) and 16 (18%) performed VPA at 17 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Performing VPA at either time was associated with a decreased birthweight (BW), while only VPA at 17 weeks decreased neonatal adiposity (fat percentage: -2.3 ± 0.8%, p = 0.003). MPA at 36 weeks was associated with an increased lean mass (2.0 ± 0.8 g per min day-1 , p = 0.012). Significant interactions were found for BW and bone mineral content (BMC). MPA at 17 weeks tended to increase BW, but not BMC, in the no VPA strata. By contrast, high levels of MPA (≥112 min d-1 ) combined with VPA at 17 weeks reduced neonatal BMC and BW compared with no VPA (BMC: -5.4 ± 2.0 g, p = 0.008, BW: -302.8 ± 83.7 g, p = 0.0003). Differences were not significant with low MPA levels. CONCLUSIONS Exercise intensity modulates neonatal body composition. The long-term significance of a reduced BW, adiposity and BMC with VPA requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bisson
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - F Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - O St-Onge
- Department of Radiology, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - J Robitaille
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - E Pronovost
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - D Simonyan
- Clinical and Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - I Marc
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Carrera-Quintanar L, Funes L, Sánchez-Martos M, Martinez-Peinado P, Sempere JM, Pons A, Micol V, Roche E. Effect of a 2000-m running test on antioxidant and cytokine response in plasma and circulating cells. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:523-530. [PMID: 28730509 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise intensity usually correlates with increased oxidative stress and enhanced cytokine production. However, it is unknown if all types of exercise that induce muscle damage can cause a parallel response in the oxidation balance and cytokine production. To this end, the effect of a 2000-m running test in a group of volunteers that regularly train in aerobic routines was studied. Different circulating parameters were measured, oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme activity, and cytokine levels in plasma as well as in the main circulating cells of blood samples obtained in basal conditions and after test execution. As a result, the test caused muscle damage evidenced by an increase in circulating creatine kinase and myoglobin. This was accompanied by an increase in protein carbonyls in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, superoxide dismutase) were elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and erythrocytes after the test. Regarding cytokine production, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α exhibited no significant changes after the test. Results suggest that this short but intense running exercise (2000 m) can induce muscle damage and elicit a good balance between oxidant/antioxidant responses with no changes in the circulating concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Lorena Funes
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Martos
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | | | - José M Sempere
- Immunology Division, Biotechnology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Department for Basic Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain.,CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain. .,CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Biología Aplicada e Instituto de Bioingeniería, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda de la Universidad sn., 03202, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
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