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Lu J, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Cai K, Xu B. A review of hazards in meat products: Multiple pathways, hazards and mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Food Chem 2024; 445:138718. [PMID: 38364501 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are stable carcinogens that are widely distributed in the environment and food, and humans are exposed to PAHs primarily through the respiratory tracts, dermal contact, and dietary intake. Meat products are an essential part of the human diet, and the formation of PAHs during meat processing is unavoidable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of PAHs in meat products can be a contribution to the minimization of human exposure dose. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the toxicological analysis of PAHs intake and the various production pathways. The distribution of different PAHs in various meat products, including poultry and aquatic products, is analyzed. The discussion focuses on controlling PAHs through the use of endogenous marinades and antioxidants as well as reducing exogenous particulate matter-PAHs attachment. In addition, potential strategies for PAHs reduction and possible directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Kezhou Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Baocai Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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2
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Park J, Kim K, Ryu D, Whang JH, Mah JH. GC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093853. [PMID: 37175264 PMCID: PMC10179879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic organic contaminants that have a highly carcinogenic and mutagenic nature. This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method to determine 8 PAHs in 51 herbal medicines (HMs) using gas chromatography (GC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Liquid--liquid extraction and florisil SPE cartridge purification were basically adopted for pretreatment. For the samples containing essential oil, starch grain, etc., N,N-dimethyl formamide/water mixture (9:1, v/v) was added in the extraction step. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions were newly obtained by the infusion of reference solutions of the targeted compounds at a concentration of 100 ng/mL into the GC-MS/MS system used in this study. The 51 items were classified according to whether or not they contained essential oil. Eight PAHs were not detected in 39 (8.3%) of the 459 samples monitored. The total content of 8 PAHs ranged from 0.45 μg/kg in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma to 270.94 μg/kg in Zingiberis Rhizoma. The average content of those ranged from 0.9 μg/kg in Araliae Continentalis Radix to 110.8 μg/kg in Coptidis Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum. The results of this study prove that the proposed method is useful for determining 8 PAHs in HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwahaeng Park
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuyeob Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoun Ryu
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Whang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Mah
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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3
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Binding and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cold smoked sausage and beef using probiotic strains. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Seralini GE, Douzelet J, Jungers G. Dataset of pollutants in organic and non-organic food. Data Brief 2022; 42:108295. [PMID: 35647239 PMCID: PMC9133552 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic and non-organic equivalent corresponding type of foods were assessed for pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals. In total, 35 samples of sausages and cheeses were tested from three western European countries, Spain, France, and Germany. These samples were chosen because they are meat and milk products presenting some bioaccumulation capacity. Petroleum residues were demonstrated in pesticide formulants. These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. We measured in these human foods 800 pesticides, 24 PAHs, using accredited methods, as well as eleven metals and elements. Pesticides’ measurements were performed either by gas or liquid chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry, according to regulatory standard methods, that were measured over the threshold of 10 μg/kg for this reason. This could be insufficient to detect all toxic contaminations. Metals were analysed by high frequency induced plasma emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry after pressurized digestion. PAHs were assessed by gas and/or high-performance liquid chromatography with reverse phase polarity and if necessary double mass spectrometry. The raw data are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. The dataset can be reused for statistical analyses by the scientific community to evidence food pollution and to be compared with other measurements.
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Cunha SC, Siminel D, Guàrdia MD, de Alda ML, López-Garcia E, Muñoz I, Ferreira R, Eljarrat E, Fernandes JO. Effect of processing smoked salmon on contaminant contents. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112276. [PMID: 34015427 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the type of smoking process (natural/liquid; hot/cold) and salt (NaCl or KCl) on the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked salmon was evaluated. One parent compound - BDE 47 - and two methoxylated forms - 2'-MeO-BDE-68 and 6-MeO-BDE-47 - were detected in all the samples. Among the 14 PAHs analysed, naphthalene was the most abundant followed by phenanthrene and fluorene. Only smoked salmon treated with NaCl presented quantifiable levels of chrysene and benzo[b]fluoranthene. Among the four smoking processes evaluated, natural smoke led to higher levels of PAHs. Risk characterization tools, such as hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), showed that the risk of both PBDEs and PAHs to human health through the consumption of smoked salmon was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Cunha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - D Siminel
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria D Guàrdia
- IRTA-Food Technology Programme, Finca Camps i Armet, Monells, Girona, E-17121, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester López-Garcia
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Muñoz
- IRTA-Food Technology Programme, Finca Camps i Armet, Monells, Girona, E-17121, Spain
| | - R Ferreira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Hung YT, Lee YT, Inbaraj BS, Sridhar K, Chen BH. Analysis and formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cholesterol oxidation products in thin slices of dried pork during processing. Food Chem 2021; 353:129474. [PMID: 33740509 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine toxic compounds polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in thin slices of dried pork as affected by different flavorings and roasting temperature treatments through employing a QuEChERS method coupled with gas chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), respectively. By employing this method, high accuracy and precision was attained for freeze-dried pork hind leg sample. Following addition of 8 different flavorings with roasting temperature at 120, 160, and 200 °C, the levels of total COPs and PAHs in thin slices of dried pork followed a temperature-dependent increase during roasting, which was further confirmed by principle component analysis. High level of soy sauce or sugar inhibited COP formation, while the low-level minimized PAH formation in thin slices of dried pork during roasting. Sugar was more effective in inhibiting COP formation while soy sauce was more efficient in reducing PAH formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Hung
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Lee
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | | | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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7
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Hasselberg AE, Wessels L, Aakre I, Reich F, Atter A, Steiner-Asiedu M, Amponsah S, Pucher J, Kjellevold M. Composition of nutrients, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiological quality in processed small indigenous fish species from Ghana: Implications for food security. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242086. [PMID: 33180860 PMCID: PMC7660496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple burden of malnutrition is an incessant issue in low- and middle-income countries, and fish has the potential to mitigate this burden. In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are missing. Samples of smoked, dried or salted Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), Brachydeuterus auritus (bigeye grunt), Sardinella aurita (round sardinella), Selene dorsalis (African moonfish), Sierrathrissa leonensis (West African (WA) pygmy herring) and Tilapia spp. (tilapia) were collected from five different regions in Ghana. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (crude protein, fat, fatty acids, several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements), microbiological quality (microbial loads of total colony counts, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella), and contaminants (PAH4 and heavy metals). Except for tilapia, the processed small fish species had the potential to significantly contribute to the nutrient intakes of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. High levels of iron, mercury and lead were detected in certain fish samples, which calls for further research and identification of anthropogenic sources along the value chains. The total cell counts in all samples were acceptable; Salmonella was not detected in any sample and E. coli only in one sample. However, high numbers of coliform bacteria were found. PAH4 in smoked samples reached high concentrations up to 1,300 μg/kg, but in contrast salted tilapia samples had a range of PAH4 concentration of 1 μg/kg to 24 μg/kg. This endpoint oriented study provides data for the nutritional value of small processed fish as food in Ghana and also provides information about potential food safety hazards. Future research is needed to determine potential sources of contamination along the value chains in different regions, identify critical points, and develop applicable mitigation strategies to improve the quality and safety of processed small fish in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Wessels
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inger Aakre
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felix Reich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amy Atter
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Matilda Steiner-Asiedu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Amponsah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Water Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Johannes Pucher
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Moxness Reksten A, Bøkevoll A, Frantzen S, Lundebye AK, Kögel T, Kolås K, Aakre I, Kjellevold M. Sampling protocol for the determination of nutrients and contaminants in fish and other seafood - The EAF-Nansen Programme. MethodsX 2020; 7:101063. [PMID: 32995313 PMCID: PMC7502570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seafood plays a central role in global food and nutrition security. However, there is a lack of data on the concentration of nutrients and contaminants in fish and other seafood, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In order to assess the potential risks and benefits associated with seafood intake, reliable and up-to-date food composition data is crucial. The quality of food composition data is affected by several factors, such as sampling protocols and the suitability and quality of the methods applied for sample preparation and analysis. In this paper, we describe the sampling methodology and protocols related to the sampling of fish and other seafood and the corresponding analytical methods used to analyse the nutrient and contaminant content of such species. For nutrients, the determination of protein, fat, ash, energy, fatty acids, cholesterol, and amino acids is described, in addition to analyses for determination of the vitamin and mineral content in fish and other seafood. For contaminants, analyses for the determination of organic pollutants and microplastics are described. The methodology described in this paper is used for sampling data through scientific surveys in low- and middle-income countries with research vessel Dr. Fridtjof Nansen under the EAF-Nansen Programme. The Programme aims to improve knowledge on the nutritional composition of fish and ensure the fish is safe to consume.In this paper, we describe the sampling protocols used for sampling fish and other seafood during scientific surveys under the EAF-Nansen Programme. This paper describes the methodology and quality control for analysing nutrients and contaminants in fish and other seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annbjørg Bøkevoll
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sylvia Frantzen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Tanja Kögel
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjersti Kolås
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Inger Aakre
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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9
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Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in raw and hot smoked trout fillets by high hydrostatic pressure processing combined with liquid smoke and freezing. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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The use of atomized purified condensed smoke (PCS) in cold-smoke processing of Atlantic salmon - Effects on quality and microbiological stability of a lightly salted product. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Quantification of light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood samples using on-line dynamic headspace extraction, thermodesorption, gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, based on an isotope dilution approach. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Ohashi A, Ozaki N, Kindaichi T. Comprehensive review of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water sources, their effects and treatments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133971. [PMID: 31470323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are principally derived from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. This study investigated the occurrence of PAHs in aquatic environments around the world, their effects on the environment and humans, and methods for their removal. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have a great negative impact on the humans and environment, and can even cause cancer in humans. Use of good methods and equipment are essential to monitoring PAHs, and GC/MS and HPLC are usually used for their analysis in aqueous solutions. In aquatic environments, the PAHs concentrations range widely from 0.03 ng/L (seawater; Southeastern Japan Sea, Japan) to 8,310,000 ng/L (Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant, Siloam, South Africa). Moreover, bioaccumulation of ∑16PAHs in fish has been reported to range from 11.2 ng/L (Cynoscion guatucupa, South Africa) to 4207.5 ng/L (Saurida undosquamis, Egypt). Several biological, physical and chemical and biological techniques have been reported to treat water contaminated by PAHs, but adsorption and combined treatment methods have shown better removal performance, with some methods removing up to 99.99% of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
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13
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Molbert N, Alliot F, Santos R, Chevreuil M, Mouchel JM, Goutte A. Multiresidue Methods for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1866-1878. [PMID: 31107990 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two analytical methods were developed for the determination of 48 organic compounds and 20 of their main by-products in fish matrices. The targeted compounds belong to various chemical classes of metabolizable (phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides [pyrethroids and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide]) and legacy (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) pollutants. Analyses were performed by gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and dynamic MRM, respectively. Method performances were satisfactory, with results meeting the validation criteria because they achieved good linearity responses, recovery, precision, and accuracy for most of the 68 investigated compounds. The methods were then applied on 3 feral chub (Squalius cephalus) collected from the Marne hydrographic network (France). Twenty-six parent compounds and 5 metabolites were systematically detected in fish matrices, with substantial concentration variability within and among individuals. Phthalates and pyrethroids accounted for most of the pollutant load. Metabolite concentrations in liver samples exceeded those of parent molecules in fish muscle. The present study presents 2 reliable methods for the determination of a wide range of contaminants and underlines the importance of metabolite analysis for a more comprehensive understanding of pollutant bioaccumulation and fate in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1866-1878. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie Molbert
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
- EPHE (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Santos
- HEPIA (Haute école du paysage, d'ingenierie et d'architecture de Geneve), Ecology and Engineering of Aquatic Systems Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chevreuil
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
- EPHE (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Mouchel
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), Sorbonne Université, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
- EPHE (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), UMR METIS (Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols), PSL Research University, Paris, France
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14
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Oyekunle J, Yussuf N, Durodola S, Adekunle A, Adenuga A, Ayinuola O, Ogunfowokan A. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and potentially toxic metals in commonly consumed beef sausage roll products in Nigeria. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02345. [PMID: 31485531 PMCID: PMC6717161 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potentially toxic metals (PTMs) were determined in the commonly consumed beef sausage roll products (coded BS1 - BS6) in Nigeria. This was done in order to assess the safety of regular consumption of these products with respect to the substances determined. Three batches of six samples of beef sausage roll products were collected from Ile-Ife, Osun sate, Nigeria. A part of the pretreated sample was Soxhlet extracted using n-hexane and analyzed with Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) to identify and quantify each of the PAHs in the sample, while Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used to profile the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pd, Mn and Zn in the digested sausage roll samples. Levels of PAHs in the samples ranged from 1.84 μg/g of Acenaphthylene in BS5 to 282.83 μg/g of Benzo[k]fluoranthene in BS1. Concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene in all the samples were higher than the guideline value of 0.003 mg/kg/day. For PTMs, a range of 0.075 μg/g As in both BS1 and BS6 to 2.950 μg/g Cu in BS3 was obtained. The study concluded that both PAHs and PTMs occurred in the samples at levels that called for caution on the part of consumers to prevent health infarctions that might be associated with prolonged regular and large consumption of beef sausage roll products.
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15
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Trends of research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food: A 20-year perspective from 1997 to 2017. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Slámová T, Fraňková A, Hubáčková A, Banout J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Cambodian smoked fish. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2017; 10:248-255. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2017.1342700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Slámová
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Fraňková
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hubáčková
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Banout
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Kim S, Ahmed A. Protonation Sites of Aromatic Compounds in (+) Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Green Nano Center; Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
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18
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Comparing d-SPE Sorbents of the QuEChERS Extraction Method and EMR-Lipid for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH4) in Food of Animal and Plant Origin. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Varlet V. Drug Vaping: From the Dangers of Misuse to New Therapeutic Devices. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040029. [PMID: 29051432 PMCID: PMC5606648 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Users of e-cigarettes are unwitting volunteers participating in a worldwide epidemiological study. Because of the obvious benefits of e-cigarettes compared with traditional cigarette smoking, these electronic devices have been introduced all around the world to support tobacco smoking cessation. Same potential harm reduction could be considered by cannabis vaping for marijuana smokers. However, the toxicities of liquids and aerosols remain under investigation because although the use of e-cigarettes is likely to be less harmful than traditional cigarette smoking, trace levels of contaminants have been identified. Simultaneously, other electronic devices, such as e-vaporisers, e-hookahs or e-pipes, have been developed and commercialised. Consequently, misuse of electronic devices has increased, and experimentation has been documented on Internet web fora. Although legal and illegal drugs are currently consumed with these e-devices, no scientific papers are available to support the observations reported by numerous media and web fora. Moreover, building on illegal drug vaping and vaporisation with e-devices (vaping misuse), legal drug vaping (an alternative use of vaping) could present therapeutic benefits, as occurs with medical cannabis vaporisation with table vaporisers. This review seeks to synthesise the problems of e-cigarette and liquid refill toxicity in order to introduce the dangers of illegal and legal drugs consumed using vaping and vaporisation for recreational purposes, and finally, to present the potential therapeutic benefits of vaping as a new administration route for legal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Varlet
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland.
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20
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Berntssen MHG, Ørnsrud R, Rasinger J, Søfteland L, Lock EJ, Kolås K, Moren M, Hylland K, Silva J, Johansen J, Lie K. Dietary vitamin A supplementation ameliorates the effects of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:171-183. [PMID: 27060237 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported on the interaction between vitamin A (VA) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-binding toxicants, including poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In aquaculture, the use of plant oils in novel aquafeeds can increase PAH levels while simultaneously lowering natural VA background levels, causing the need to supplement plant oil-based feeds with synthetic VA. To study dietary VA-PAH interactions, Atlantic salmon (initial weight 195±0.15g) were fed four identical plant-based diets that were supplemented with PAHs (100 and 10mgkg(-1) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (Phe), respectively) or VA (retinyl acetate 8721IUkg(-1)) separately or combined for 2.5 months in a 2×2 factorial design, with triplicate net-pens per diet. Dietary PAH significantly reduced hepatic VA storage, and VA-enriched diets restored hepatic VA. There was a significant PAH-VA interaction effect on hepatic BaP, but not Phe, accumulation, with reduced hepatic BaP concentrations in fish fed VA+PAH compared to fish fed PAH alone. Concurrently, PAH and VA significantly interacted in their effects on CYP1A phase I biotransformation as observed from increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, increased CYP1A protein concentration, and elevated transcription (cyp1a1 gene expression) in fish fed PAH+VA compared to PAH alone. Dietary VA supplementation alone had no significant effect on CYP1A phase I biotransformation. Metabolomic assessment showed that dietary VA caused a restoration of metabolic intermediates involved in energy metabolism that were affected by dietary PAH. Moreover, a PAH-induced growth inhibition was partially ameliorated by dietary VA supplementation. In conclusion, dietary VA interacted with PAH toxicity on the level of CYP1A-mediated detoxification, hepatic PAH accumulation, energy allocation, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ketil Hylland
- University of Oslo, Department of Bioscience, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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21
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Yebra-Pimentel I, Fernández-González R, Martínez-Carballo E, Simal-Gándara J. A Critical Review about the Health Risk Assessment of PAHs and Their Metabolites in Foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1383-405. [PMID: 24915328 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.697497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of toxicants that are ubiquitous in the environment. These contaminants generate considerable interest, because some of them are highly carcinogenic in laboratory animals and have been implicated in breast, lung, and colon cancers in humans. Dietary intake of PAHs constitutes a major source of exposure in humans. Factors affecting the accumulation of PAHs in the diet, their absorption following ingestion, and strategies to assess risk from exposure to these hydrocarbons following ingestion have received very little attention. This review, therefore, focuses on concentrations of PAHs in widely consumed dietary ingredients along with gastrointestinal absorption rates in humans. Metabolism and bioavailability of PAHs in animal models and the processes, which influence the disposition of these chemicals, are discussed. Finally, based on intake, disposition, and tumorigenesis data, the exposure risk to PAHs from diet is presented. This information is expected to provide a framework for refinements in risk assessment of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Yebra-Pimentel
- a Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology , University of Vigo , Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense , Spain
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22
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Zelinkova Z, Wenzl T. The Occurrence of 16 EPA PAHs in Food - A Review. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2015; 35:248-284. [PMID: 26681897 PMCID: PMC4673601 DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.918550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been extensively studied in countries all over the world. PAHs generally occur in complex mixtures which may consist of hundreds of compounds. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed in the 1970 to monitor a set of 16 PAHs which are frequently found in environmental samples. This article reviews the suitability of the 16 EPA PAHs for the assessment of potential health threats to humans stemming from the exposure to PAHs by food ingestion. It presents details on analysis methods, the occurrence of PAHs in food, regulatory aspects, and related risk management approaches. In addition, consideration is given to newer evaluations of the toxicity of PAHs and the requirements for risk assessment and management stemming from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Zelinkova
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Standards for Food Bioscience Unit , Geel , Belgium
| | - Thomas Wenzl
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Standards for Food Bioscience Unit , Geel , Belgium
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23
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Shang D, Kim M, Haberl M. Rapid and sensitive method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils using pseudo multiple reaction monitoring gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1334:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Yoo M, Lee S, Kim S, Kim S, Seo H, Shin D. A comparative study of the analytical methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Yoo
- Food Analysis Center Korea Food Research Institute 516 Backhyun‐dong, Bundang‐gu Sungnam‐si Gyeonggi‐Do 463‐746 Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Food Analysis Center Korea Food Research Institute 516 Backhyun‐dong, Bundang‐gu Sungnam‐si Gyeonggi‐Do 463‐746 Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Food Analysis Center Korea Food Research Institute 516 Backhyun‐dong, Bundang‐gu Sungnam‐si Gyeonggi‐Do 463‐746 Korea
| | - Su‐ji Kim
- World Institute of Kimchi 86 Kimchi‐ro, Nam‐gu Gwangju‐si 503‐360 Korea
| | - Hye‐young Seo
- World Institute of Kimchi 86 Kimchi‐ro, Nam‐gu Gwangju‐si 503‐360 Korea
| | - Dongbin Shin
- Food Analysis Center Korea Food Research Institute 516 Backhyun‐dong, Bundang‐gu Sungnam‐si Gyeonggi‐Do 463‐746 Korea
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25
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Tillner J, Hollard C, Bach C, Rosin C, Munoz JF, Dauchy X. Simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their chlorination by-products in drinking water and the coatings of water pipes by automated solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1315:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Moazzen M, Ahmadkhaniha R, Gorji ME, Yunesian M, Rastkari N. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meat samples. Talanta 2013; 115:957-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Yu L, Cao Y, Zhang J, Cui Z, Sun H. Isotope dilution-GC-MS/MS analysis of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in selected medicinal herbs used as health food additives. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1800-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.711778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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29
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Roseiro L, Gomes A, Patarata L, Santos C. Comparative survey of PAHs incidence in Portuguese traditional meat and blood sausages. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1891-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Cho HK, Kim MH, Park SK, Shin HS. Analysis of Benzo[a]pyrene Content and Risk Assessment. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2011. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.6.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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31
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Arvanitoyannis IS, Kotsanopoulos KV. Smoking of Fish and Seafood: History, Methods and Effects on Physical, Nutritional and Microbiological Properties. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Simon R, Gómez-Ruiz JÁ, Wenzl T. Results of an European inter-laboratory comparison study on the determination of the 15+1 EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in liquid smoke condensates. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Duedahl-Olesen L, Christensen J, Højgård A, Granby K, Timm-Heinrich M. Influence of smoking parameters on the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Danish smoked fish. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1294-305. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.487074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Ishizaki A, Saito K, Hanioka N, Narimatsu S, Kataoka H. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food samples by automated on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5555-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. EFSA J 2008. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2008.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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36
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Martínez Ocaña R, Mena Granero A, Egea Gonzalez FJ, Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL, Plaza Bolaños P. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in ambient air by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1413-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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