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P S A, Thadathil DA, George L, Varghese A. Food Additives and Evolved Methods of Detection: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39015954 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2372501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Food additives are essential constituents of food products in the modern world. The necessity of food processing went up rapidly as to meet requirements including, imparting desirable properties like preservation, enhancement and regulation of color and taste. The methods of identification and analysis of such substances are crucial. With the advancement of technology, a variety of techniques are emerging for this purpose which have many advantages over the existing conventional ways. This review is on different kinds of additives used in the food industry and few prominent methods for their determination ranging from conventional chromatographic techniques to the recently evolved nano-sensor techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya P S
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Louis George
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
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2
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Luna-Finkler CL, Gomes ADC, de Aguiar Júnior FCA, Ribeiro E, de Melo Barbosa R, Severino P, Santini A, Souto EB. From Extraction to Stabilization: Employing a 2 2 Experimental Design in Developing Nutraceutical-Grade Bixin from Bixa orellana L. Foods 2024; 13:1622. [PMID: 38890850 PMCID: PMC11171483 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bixin is the main carotenoid found in the outer portion of the seeds of Bixa orellana L., commercially known as annatto. This compound is industrially employed in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food formulations as a natural dye to replace chemical additives. This study aimed to extract bixin from annatto seeds and obtain encapsulated bixin in a powder form, using freeze-drying encapsulation and maltodextrin as encapsulating agent. Bixin was extracted from annatto seeds employing successive washing with organic solvents, specifically hexane and methanol (1:1 v/v), followed by ethyl acetate and dichloromethane for subsequent washes, to effectively remove impurities and enhance bixin purity, and subsequent purification by crystallization, reaching 1.5 ± 0.2% yield (or approximately 15 mg of bixin per gram of seeds). Bixin was analyzed spectrophotometrically in different organic solvents (ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, dimethylsulfoxide, chloroform, hexane), and the solvents chosen were chloroform (used to solubilize bixin during microencapsulation) and hexane (used for spectrophotometric determination of bixin). Bixin was encapsulated according to a 22 experimental design to investigate the influence of the concentration of maltodextrin (20 to 40%) and bixin-to-matrix ratio (1:20 to 1:40) on the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and solubility of the encapsulated powder. Higher encapsulation efficiency was obtained at a maltodextrin concentration of 40% w/v and a bixin/maltodextrin ratio of 1:20, while higher solubility was observed at a maltodextrin concentration of 20% w/v for the same bixin/maltodextrin ratio. The encapsulation of this carotenoid by means of freeze-drying is thus recognized as an innovative and promising approach to improve its stability for further processing in pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Luna-Finkler
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.L.-F.); (E.R.)
| | - Aralí da C. Gomes
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-250, PE, Brazil; (A.d.C.G.); (F.C.A.d.A.J.)
| | - Francisco C. A. de Aguiar Júnior
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-250, PE, Brazil; (A.d.C.G.); (F.C.A.d.A.J.)
| | - Ester Ribeiro
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.L.-F.); (E.R.)
| | - Raquel de Melo Barbosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Professor García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Severino
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, PE, Brazil;
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, PE, Brazil
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
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3
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Lee GY, Yun CI, Cho J, Kim YJ. Validation, Measurement Uncertainty, and Determination of Bixin and Norbixin in Processed Foods of Animal Resources Distributed in Korea. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:949-960. [PMID: 37969328 PMCID: PMC10636215 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to validate a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative determination of bixin and norbixin in various foods. The Diode Array Detector (495 nm) technique was used. Method was validated for specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy, and the measurement uncertainty was assessed. The calibration curve showed excellent linearity (r2≥0.9999) over the tested concentration range of 0.2-25 mg/L. The LOD and LOQ were 0.03-0.11 and 0.02-0.05 mg/L for bixin and norbixin, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracies and precisions were 88.0±1.3-97.0±0.5% and 0.2%-2.6% relative SD (RSD) for bixin and 88.2±0.8-105.8±0.8% and 0.3%-2.7% RSD for norbixin, respectively. Inter-laboratory validation for accuracy and precision was conducted in three laboratories, and these results all met the AOAC guidelines. In addition, the relative expanded uncertainty (<22%) satisfied the CODEX recommendation. Furthermore, products distributed in Korea were monitored for annatto extracts using the proposed method to demonstrate its application. The developed analytical method is reliable for quantifying bixin and norbixin in various foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Yeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and
Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Choong-In Yun
- Research Institute of Food and
Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and
Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Juhee Cho
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and
Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and
Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
- Research Institute of Food and
Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and
Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
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Enayati A, Rezaei A, Falsafi SR, Rostamabadi H, Malekjani N, Akhavan-Mahdavi S, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Bixin-loaded colloidal nanodelivery systems, techniques and applications. Food Chem 2023; 412:135479. [PMID: 36709686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bixin is the cis-carotenoid from the seed of achiote tree or annatto. It is an approved liposoluble apocarotenoid by FDA as colorant and additive in the food industry. Nonetheless, bixin is unstable in the presence of oxygen, light, high pHs (alkali) and heat; thereby reducing its bioavailability/bioactivity, and also, with a low solubility in water. Some biopolymeric (e.g., nanofibers, nanogels, and nanotubes) and lipid-based nanocarriers (nanoliposomes, niosomes, hexosomes, nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers) have been introduced for bixin. Thus, this review focuses on the updated information regarding bixin-loaded nanodelivery platforms. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive review of bioavailability, physicochemical properties, and applications of nanoencapsulated-bixin as an additive, its release rate and safety issues. These findings will bring potential strategies for the usage of nanocarriers in managing bixin defaults to improve its broad application in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seid Reza Falsafi
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Hadis Rostamabadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Narjes Malekjani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sahar Akhavan-Mahdavi
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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5
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Valarezo E, Torres-Torres S, Pineda-Guarnizo N, Jaramillo-Fierro X, Cartuche L, Morocho V, Meneses MA. Study of Essential Oil Isolated from Achiote ( Bixa orellana) Leaves: Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040710. [PMID: 37107072 PMCID: PMC10135276 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bixa orellana is a native and cultivated species of Ecuador commonly known as achiote (annatto), this species is very versatile with a wide variety of uses and applications of its leaves, fruits and seeds. In this study, the chemical composition, enantiomeric distribution and biological activity of essential oil isolated from the leaves of Bixa orellana were determined. Hydrodistillation was used to isolate the essential oil. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to determine the qualitative composition, a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was used to determine quantitative composition and gas chromatography on an enantioselective column was used to determine enantiomeric distribution. Antibacterial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method, for which we used three Gram-positive cocci bacteria, a Gram-positive bacilli bacterium and three Gram-negative bacilli bacteria. 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic (ABTS) acid radical cation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydryl (DPPH) free radical were used as reagents for determining the antioxidant activity of the essential oil. The spectrophotometric method was used to analyze acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of the essential oil. The yield of leaves in essential oil was 0.13 ± 0.01% (v/w). A total of 56 chemical compounds, which represent 99.25% of the total composition, were identified in the essential oil. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most representative group in number of compounds and relative abundance with 31 compounds and 69.06%, respectively. The principal constituents were found to germacrene D (17.87 ± 1.20%), bicyclogermacrene (14.27 ± 0.97%), caryophyllene < (E)- > (8.56 ± 1.24%) and pinene <α-> (6.34 ± 0.13%). Six pairs of enantiomers were identified in the essential oil of Bixa orellana. The essential oil presented strong activity against the Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 27270) with an MIC of 250 μg/mL and weak activity against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with an MIC of 1000 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was strong according to ABTS methods with a SC50 of 61.49 ± 0.04 µg/mL and was moderate in DPPH with a SC50 of 224.24 ± 6,4 µg/mL. Additionally, the essential oil reported moderate anticholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 39.45 ± 1.06 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Valarezo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador
| | - Silvia Torres-Torres
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Luis Cartuche
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador
| | - Vladimir Morocho
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Angel Meneses
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110150, Ecuador
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Stoll L, Maillard MN, Le Roux E, Hickmann Flôres S, Nachtigall SMB, Rios A, Domenek S. Bixin, a performing natural antioxidant in active food packaging for the protection of oxidation sensitive food. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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7
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Terami S, Kubota H, Koganesawa N, Murakoshi S, Satou M, Sekine Y, Watanabe S, Tsuruoka N, Sugiki M, Tahara S, Yasunaga M, Kamimoto K, Nakashima A, Ihara S, Takeshita T, Kawahara R, Takamine T, Koja A, Ebisu N, Yanagimoto T, Tatebe C, Tada A, Sato K. Estimation of daily intake of food additives by Japanese young children using the market basket method in 2018. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:328-345. [PMID: 36669121 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2167002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To estimate the daily intake of food additives by young children aged 1-6 years in Japan, an intake survey was conducted in 2018 using the market basket method for food additives, including twelve types of colourants, three kinds of preservatives, three kinds of sweeteners and two kinds of food manufacturing agents. A list of the daily consumption of processed foods was prepared based on a special survey (MHLW 2011) and used for the estimation. The results of the survey showed that the food additives with the highest daily intake were phosphorus compounds (phosphoric acid and its salts; 11.2 mg/kg bw/day, expressed as phosphorus), followed by propylene glycol (0.80 mg/kg bw/day). The daily intake of other food additives ranged from 0 to 0.20 mg/kg bw/day. The estimated daily intake of each food additives by young children was compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) or maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The highest ratio of the estimated daily intake to ADI was 3.2% for propylene glycol, whereas the ratios of the estimated daily intake to ADI for colourants, preservatives and sweeteners ranged from 0 to 1.1% (benzoic acid). The ratio of the estimated daily intake to MTDI for phosphorus compounds was 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Terami
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kubota
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Mutsumi Satou
- Sendai City Institute of Public Health, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sekine
- Sendai City Institute of Public Health, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Mikio Sugiki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Tahara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Yasunaga
- Kagawa Prefectural Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kana Kamimoto
- Kagawa Prefectural Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akie Nakashima
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Public Health and Environment Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ihara
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Public Health and Environment Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takeshita
- Nagasaki Municipal Public Health and Environment Laboratory, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rumiko Kawahara
- Nagasaki Municipal Public Health and Environment Laboratory, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Takamine
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ayuko Koja
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ebisu
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tokiko Yanagimoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiye Tatebe
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tada
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sato
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Dos Santos AEA, Cotta T, Santos JPF, Camargos JSF, do Carmo ACC, Alcântara EGA, Fleck C, Copola AGL, Nogueira JM, Silva GAB, Andrade LDO, Ferreira RV, Jorge EC. Bioactive cellulose acetate nanofiber loaded with annatto support skeletal muscle cell attachment and proliferation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1116917. [PMID: 36911186 PMCID: PMC9995891 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1116917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning emerged as a promising technique to produce scaffolds for cultivated meat in function of its simplicity, versatility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Cellulose acetate (CA) is a biocompatible and low-cost material that support cell adhesion and proliferation. Here we investigated CA nanofibers, associated or not with a bioactive annatto extract (CA@A), a food-dye, as potential scaffolds for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering. The obtained CA nanofibers were evaluated concerning its physicochemical, morphological, mechanical and biological traits. UV-vis spectroscopy and contact angle measurements confirmed the annatto extract incorporation into the CA nanofibers and the surface wettability of both scaffolds, respectively. SEM images revealed that the scaffolds are porous, containing fibers with no specific alignment. Compared with the pure CA nanofibers, CA@A nanofibers showed increased fiber diameter (420 ± 212 nm vs. 284 ± 130 nm). Mechanical properties revealed that the annatto extract induces a reduction of the stiffness of the scaffold. Molecular analyses revealed that while CA scaffold favored C2C12 myoblast differentiation, the annatto-loaded CA scaffold favored a proliferative state of these cells. These results suggest that the combination of cellulose acetate fibers loaded with annatto extract may be an interesting economical alternative for support long-term muscle cells culture with potential application as scaffold for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Antunes Dos Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Cotta
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Ferreira Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sofia Fonseca Camargos
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Correia do Carmo
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Fleck
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aline Gonçalves Lio Copola
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Meireles Nogueira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Oliveira Andrade
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberta Viana Ferreira
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Jorge
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Sultana S, Rahman MM, Aovi FI, Jahan FI, Hossain MS, Brishti SA, Yamin M, Ahmed M, Rauf A, Sharma R. Food Color Additives in Hazardous Consequences of Human Health: An Overview. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:1380-1393. [PMID: 36650651 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230117122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Food color additives are used to make food more appetizing. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permitted nine artificial colorings in foods, drugs, and cosmetics, whereas the European Union (EU) approved five artificial colors (E-104, 122, 124, 131, and 142) for food. However, these synthetic coloring materials raise various health hazards. The present review aimed to summarize the toxic effects of these coloring food additives on the brain, liver, kidney, lungs, urinary bladder, and thyroid gland. In this respect, we aimed to highlight the scientific evidence and the crucial need to assess potential health hazards of all colors used in food on human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny. Blue 1 causes kidney tumor in mice, and there is evidence of death due to ingestion through a feeding tube. Blue 2 and Citrus Red 2 cause brain and urinary bladder tumors, respectively, whereas other coloring additives may cause different types of cancers and numerous adverse health effects. In light of this, this review focuses on the different possible adverse health effects caused by these food coloring additives, and possible ways to mitigate or avoid the damage they may cause. We hope that the data collected from in vitro or in vivo studies and from clinical investigations related to the possible health hazards of food color additives will be helpful to both researchers and the food industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Islam Aovi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Israt Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakhawat Hossain
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Yamin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Eliecer Cárdenas O, Vega‐Rodríguez S, Cárdenas‐Chaparro A, De Leon‐Rodriguez A, e Loera D. Effect of Solar and Artificial Radiation on Elaidinization and Degradation of
Z
‐Bixin Extracted from
Bixa Orellana
Seeds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Eliecer Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6 Zona Universitaria 78210 Mexico
| | - Sarai Vega‐Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6 Zona Universitaria 78210 Mexico
| | - Agobardo Cárdenas‐Chaparro
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia Avenida Central del Norte 39-115 Colombia
| | - Antonio De Leon‐Rodriguez
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. Camino a la Presa San José 2055 Col. Lomas 4 sección 78216 Mexico
| | - Denisse e Loera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6 Zona Universitaria 78210 Mexico
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11
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Self-emulsifying Transparent Nanoemulsion to Improve 9'-cis-Bixin Photo Stability in Aqueous Solution by Tween 20 and Lecithin. FOOD BIOPHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-022-09741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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DEVELOPMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION OF EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF BIXIN FROM ANNATTO SEEDS (Bixa orellana L.). Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Liu H, Zhang J, Xiong Y, Peng S, McClements DJ, Zou L, Liang R, Liu W. Improving norbixin dispersibility and stability by liposomal encapsulation using the pH-driven method. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2070-2079. [PMID: 34569077 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norbixin, a carotenoid extracted from annatto seeds, is widely utilized as a natural pigment in foods, cosmetics and medicines. Its water solubility is relatively high under neutral or alkaline conditions but low under acidic conditions, which limits its application in some food products. RESULTS This problem was overcome by utilizing liposomes to encapsulate the carotenoids so that they could be easily dispersed within acidic solutions. The norbixin was loaded into the liposomes using the pH-driven method. Liposomes were produced by passing aqueous phospholipid dispersions through a microfluidizer under high pressure. Norbixin was then added to the liposome dispersions at pH 7.0 and then driven into the hydrophobic domains of the phospholipid bilayers by acidifying the system. Measurements of the encapsulation efficiency showed that the norbixin was successfully loaded into the liposomes using the pH-driven method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the norbixin was in an amorphous state after incorporation into the liposomes. Encapsulation of norbixin within the liposomes was also shown to increase its water dispersibility and chemical stability under acidic pH conditions. CONCLUSION The pH-driven method therefore provides a useful means of increasing the application of this bioactive carotenoid within functional foods and other products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Junbing Zhang
- Jiangxi Danxia Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Yingtan, PR China
| | - Yong Xiong
- Jiangxi Danxia Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Yingtan, PR China
| | - Shengfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Ruihong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
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14
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Isolation, Identification, Spectral Studies and X-ray Crystal Structures of Two Compounds from Bixa orellana, DFT Calculations and DNA Binding Studies. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
4,6-Diacetylresorcinol (1) and 3-O-methylellagic acid dihydrate (2), both biologically significant compounds, were extracted from Bixa orellana and studied using IR, 1H, and 13C NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallographic techniques were also used to establish the molecular structure of the isolated compounds 1 and 2. Geometric parameters, vibrational frequencies, and gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C NMR of 1 and 2 in the ground state were computed by the density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set backing up experimental studies and established the correct structure of isolated compounds. The parameters obtained from the combined DFT, and X-ray diffraction studies are mutually agreed to establish correct structures of 1 and 2. In addition, an electrostatic potential map and HOMO−LUMO energy gap were made using the DFT calculation to determine the distribution of energy and the chemical reactivity region of the isolated compounds. The current study also provides further insights into the interaction of compound 2 with ct-DNA using numerous biophysical and in silico techniques. Moreover, in silico studies indicate that compound 2 binds to the DNA in the minor groove. Lipinski’s rule of five revealed a higher tendency of compound 2 towards drug-likeness. The bioavailability and synthetic accessibility score for compound 2 was found to be 0.55 and 3.21, suggesting that compound 2 could serve as an effective therapeutic candidate.
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15
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Novais C, Molina AK, Abreu RMV, Santo-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR, Pereira C, Barros L. Natural Food Colorants and Preservatives: A Review, a Demand, and a Challenge. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2789-2805. [PMID: 35201759 PMCID: PMC9776543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The looming urgency of feeding the growing world population along with the increasing consumers' awareness and expectations have driven the evolution of food production systems and the processes and products applied in the food industry. Although substantial progress has been made on food additives, the controversy in which some of them are still shrouded has encouraged research on safer and healthier next generations. These additives can come from natural sources and confer numerous benefits for health, beyond serving the purpose of coloring or preserving, among others. As limiting factors, these additives are often related to stability, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness issues, which justify the need for innovative solutions. In this context, and with the advances witnessed in computers and computational methodologies for in silico experimental aid, the development of new safer and more efficient natural additives with dual functionality (colorant and preservative), for instance by the copigmentation phenomena, may be achieved more efficiently, circumventing the current difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Novais
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Adriana K. Molina
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Rui M. V. Abreu
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santo-Buelga
- Grupo
de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia,
Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Universidad
de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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16
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xiong Y, Peng S, McClements DJ, Zou L, Liang R, Liu W. Utilization of protein nanoparticles to improve the dispersibility, stability, and functionality of a natural pigment: Norbixin. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Kusmita L, Franyoto YD, Mutmainah M, Puspitaningrum I, Nurcahyanti ADR. Bixa orellana L. carotenoids: antiproliferative activity on human lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer cells in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6421-6427. [PMID: 35133226 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2036144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence on the potential pro-oxidant effect of carotenoids provokes apoptosis of cancer cells. Bixa orellana L. is native to Central and South America, interestingly, is also cultivated worldwide. Apo-carotenoids present in B. orellana L. are mainly dominated by bixin and norbixin and demonstrate fundamental antioxidant activity. Anti-proliferative activity on human cancer cells is rarely investigated. We isolated bixin from B. orellana L. found in the island of Java using Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography and confirmed the isolated compound using Liquid Chromatography-MS/MS. Bixin and crude extract were examined on human lung cancer (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), and breast cancer (MCF-7). Anti-proliferative activity revealed to be promising on both, the isolated pigment and crude extract. Further investigation on the mechanism of action and effect on other cell lines, both in vitro and in vivo, are required before clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Kusmita
- Department of Pharmacy, STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang, Plamongansari Pucanggading Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Yuvianti Dwi Franyoto
- Department of Pharmacy, STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang, Plamongansari Pucanggading Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Mutmainah Mutmainah
- Department of Pharmacy, STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang, Plamongansari Pucanggading Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ika Puspitaningrum
- Department of Pharmacy, STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang, Plamongansari Pucanggading Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Agustina D R Nurcahyanti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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18
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Oliveira LFC, Tega DU, Eberlin MN, Sussulini A. Liquid chromatography coupled to Venturi easy ambient sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 238:123004. [PMID: 34857338 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Venturi easy ambient sonic spray ionization (V-EASI) is a soft ambient ionization (AI) source that has the advantages of being suitable to the analysis of samples in solution (differently from the majority of AI sources), performing self-pumping, voltage- and heat-free ionization, and requiring minimum or no sample preparation. Since this ionization technique has not been fully explored, the present study provides a proof of principle of the coupling of liquid chromatography to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using V-EASI as the interface. In order to test the performance of the developed LC-V-EASI-MS system, a quantification method for bixin, a natural dye from annatto (Bixa Orellana L.), which is known to be sensitive to the high voltage applied for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis, was validated according to FDA criteria and tested in real samples. The analytical method was successfully applied and met the validation criteria, providing a detectability 10 times better than methods already reported to the quantification of bixin and no matrix effect was observed. Therefore, this proof of principle contributes to the continuous development of AI sources that represents the last great technological advance in MS towards becoming a miniaturized technique able to analyze samples closer to their actual state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Felipe Campos Oliveira
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - David Ulisses Tega
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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19
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Khezerlou A, Tavassoli M, Alizadeh Sani M, Mohammadi K, Ehsani A, McClements DJ. Application of Nanotechnology to Improve the Performance of Biodegradable Biopolymer-Based Packaging Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244399. [PMID: 34960949 PMCID: PMC8707388 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in developing biodegradable biopolymer-based packaging materials whose functional performance is enhanced by incorporating active compounds into them, such as light blockers, plasticizers, crosslinkers, diffusion blockers, antimicrobials, antioxidants, and sensors. However, many of these compounds are volatile, chemically unstable, water-insoluble, matrix incompatible, or have adverse effects on film properties, which makes them difficult to directly incorporate into the packaging materials. These challenges can often be overcome by encapsulating the active compounds within food-grade nanoparticles, which are then introduced into the packaging materials. The presence of these nanoencapsulated active compounds in biopolymer-based coatings or films can greatly improve their functional performance. For example, anthocyanins can be used as light-blockers to retard oxidation reactions, or they can be used as pH/gas/temperature sensors to produce smart indicators to monitor the freshness of packaged foods. Encapsulated botanical extracts (like essential oils) can be used to increase the shelf life of foods due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The resistance of packaging materials to external factors can be improved by incorporating plasticizers (glycerol, sorbitol), crosslinkers (glutaraldehyde, tannic acid), and fillers (nanoparticles or nanofibers). Nanoenabled delivery systems can also be designed to control the release of active ingredients (such as antimicrobials or antioxidants) into the packaged food over time, which may extend their efficacy. This article reviews the different kinds of nanocarriers available for loading active compounds into these types of packaging materials and then discusses their impact on the optical, mechanical, thermal, barrier, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of the packaging materials. Furthermore, it highlights the different kinds of bioactive compounds that can be incorporated into biopolymer-based packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Khezerlou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran; (A.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Milad Tavassoli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran; (A.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Keyhan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran; (A.K.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (D.J.M.)
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (D.J.M.)
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20
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Fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes of annatto aqueous solutions dependent on hydrogen potential: Applications in adulterated milk. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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21
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Natural Apocarotenoids and Their Synthetic Glycopeptide Conjugates Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111111. [PMID: 34832893 PMCID: PMC8619593 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The protracted global COVID-19 pandemic urges the development of new drugs against the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. The clinically used glycopeptide antibiotic, teicoplanin, emerged as a potential antiviral, and its efficacy was improved with lipophilic modifications. This prompted us to prepare new lipophilic apocarotenoid conjugates of teicoplanin, its pseudoaglycone and the related ristocetin aglycone. Their antiviral effect was tested against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells, using a cell viability assay and quantitative PCR of the viral RNA, confirming their micromolar inhibitory activity against viral replication. Interestingly, two of the parent apocarotenoids, bixin and β-apo-8′carotenoic acid, exerted remarkable anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Mechanistic studies involved cathepsin L and B, as well as the main protease 3CLPro, and the results were rationalized by computational studies. Glycopeptide conjugates show dual inhibitory action, while apocarotenoids have mostly cathepsin B and L affinity. Since teicoplanin is a marketed antibiotic and the natural bixin is an approved, cheap and widely used red colorant food additive, these readily available compounds and their conjugates as potential antivirals are worthy of further exploration.
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22
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Simkin AJ. Carotenoids and Apocarotenoids in Planta: Their Role in Plant Development, Contribution to the Flavour and Aroma of Fruits and Flowers, and Their Nutraceutical Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112321. [PMID: 34834683 PMCID: PMC8624010 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and apocarotenoids are diverse classes of compounds found in nature and are important natural pigments, nutraceuticals and flavour/aroma molecules. Improving the quality of crops is important for providing micronutrients to remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. Carotenoids have also been shown to have a significant impact on a number of human diseases, improving the survival rates of some cancers and slowing the progression of neurological illnesses. Furthermore, carotenoid-derived compounds can impact the flavour and aroma of crops and vegetables and are the origin of important developmental, as well as plant resistance compounds required for defence. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to increase carotenoid content in plants and research the benefits to human health and the role of carotenoid derived volatiles on flavour and aroma of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; or
- Crop Science and Production Systems, NIAB-EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
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23
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Model for measuring light stability of photolabile substances in powder beds using spray dried bixin microcapsules. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Pascoal KL, Siqueira SM, de Amorim AF, Ricardo NMS, de Menezes JE, da Silva LC, de Araújo TG, Almeida-Neto FW, Marinho ES, de Morais SM, Saraiva GD, de Lima-Neto P, dos Santos HS, Teixeira AM. Physical-chemical characterization, controlled release, and toxicological potential of galactomannan-bixin microparticles. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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R R, Philip E, Madhavan A, Sindhu R, Pugazhendhi A, Binod P, Sirohi R, Awasthi MK, Tarafdar A, Pandey A. Advanced biomaterials for sustainable applications in the food industry: Updates and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117071. [PMID: 33866219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the safety and quality of food are major concerns while developing biomaterial based food packaging. It offers a longer shelf-life as well as protection and quality control to the food based on international standards. Nano-biotechnology contributes to a far extent to make advanced packaging by developing multifunctional biomaterials for potential applications providing smarter materials to consumers. Applications of nano-biocomposites may thus help to deliver enhanced barrier, mechanical strength, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to novel food packaging materials. Starch derived bioplastics, polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyrate are examples of active bioplastics currently in the food packaging sector. This review discusses the various types of biomaterials that could be used to improve future smarter food packaging, as well as biomaterials' potential applications as food stabilizers, pathogen control agents, sensors, and edible packaging materials. The regulatory concerns related to the use of biomaterials in food packaging and commercially available biomaterials in different fields are also discussed. Development of novel biomaterials for different food packaging applications can therefore guarantee active food packaging in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmy R
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136713, 11, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, North West A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712 100, China
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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26
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Microencapsulation of bixin pigment by spray drying: Evaluation of characteristics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Stoll L, Domenek S, Hickmann Flôres S, Nachtigall SMB, Oliveira Rios A. Polylactide films produced with bixin and acetyl tributyl citrate: Functional properties for active packaging. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Stoll
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Sandra Domenek
- UMR SayFood Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech Massy France
| | - Simone Hickmann Flôres
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Alessandro Oliveira Rios
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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28
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Huamán AA, Celestino MR, Quintana ME. Theoretical and experimental study of solar cells based on nanostructured films of TiO 2 sensitized with natural dyes extracted from Zea mays and Bixa orellana. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9086-9097. [PMID: 35423450 PMCID: PMC8695372 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dyes were extracted from Zea mays and Bixa orellana, products from Peru, for the sensitization of nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) films. The manufactured DSSCs were studied from the theoretical and experimental point of view in two main stages. In the first, the computational simulation of the dye molecules was carried out using the DFT and TD-DFT method. The analysis was complemented with UV-visible characterization. In the second stage, the transport and recombination processes that occur in the solar cell were studied. For this, the methods of small-modulation transient measurements, extraction of charges and impedance spectroscopy were used. Computational simulations determined that cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), the main component of Zea mays, sensitizes the TiO2 film by means of a monodentate anchor through one of the hydroxyl groups. For its part, bixin, which makes up Bixa orellana, anchors through the carboxyl group and also showed a tendency to form agglomerates on TiO2. The charge extraction technique allowed establishing the distribution of trap states of the sensitized films. Small-modulation transient measurements provided information on time constants and diffusion coefficient. It was concluded that the film sensitized with C3G presented a higher density of trap states and a lower level in the conduction band, which resulted in shorter electron life times. The bixin-sensitized film presented better diffusion for its free charge carriers. This was corroborated with impedance spectroscopy, in which the diffusion length parameters pointed to the bixin cell with better charge collection efficiency. All the results were in agreement with the characteristic curves of current-voltage and with the spectral curve of efficiency of conversion of incident photons to electrons (IPCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold A Huamán
- Center for the Development of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National University of Engineering Av. Tupac Amaru 210 Lima 25 Peru
| | - Michael R Celestino
- Center for the Development of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National University of Engineering Av. Tupac Amaru 210 Lima 25 Peru
| | - María E Quintana
- Center for the Development of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National University of Engineering Av. Tupac Amaru 210 Lima 25 Peru
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29
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Farias YB, Coutinho AK, Tupuna‐Yerovi DS, Rios ADO. Incorporation of norbixin in biodegradable alginate films crosslinked with Ca
2+
: Pro‐oxidant action. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Buratto Farias
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Diego Santiago Tupuna‐Yerovi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Agroindustrial Engineering Department Pontifícia Universidad Católica del Ecuador – Sede Manabí Portoviejo Ecuador
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30
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dos Santos AEA, dos Santos FV, Freitas KM, Pimenta LPS, de Oliveira Andrade L, Marinho TA, de Avelar GF, da Silva AB, Ferreira RV. Cellulose acetate nanofibers loaded with crude annatto extract: Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation for potential wound healing applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 118:111322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Maia LF, De Oliveira VE, Edwards HGM, De Oliveira LFC. The Diversity of Linear Conjugated Polyenes and Colours in Nature: Raman Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool. Chemphyschem 2020; 22:231-249. [PMID: 33225557 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This review is centered on the linear conjugated polyenes, which encompasses chromatic biomolecules, such as carotenoids, polyunsaturated aldehydes and polyolefinic fatty acids. The linear extension of the conjugated double bonds in these molecules is the main feature that determines the spectroscopic properties as light-absorbing. These classes of compounds are responsible for the yellow, orange, red and purple colors which are observed in their parent flora and fauna in nature. Raman spectroscopy has been used as analytical tool for the characterization of these molecules, mainly due to the strong light scattering produced by the delocalized pi electrons in the carbon chain. In addition, conjugated polyenes are one of the main target molecular species for astrobiology, and we also present a brief discussion of the use of Raman spectroscopy as one of the main analytical tools for the detection of polyenes extra-terrestrially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenize F Maia
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário s/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora-MG, 36033-620, Brazil
| | - Vanessa E De Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Universitário de Rio das Ostras, Rua Recife, Lotes 1-7, Jardim Bela Vista, Rio das Ostras, RJ, 28895-532, Brazil
| | - Howell G M Edwards
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Fernando C De Oliveira
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário s/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora-MG, 36033-620, Brazil
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de Farias YB, Assis RQ, Tupuna‐Yerovi DS, Rios ADO. Influence of PH on the properties of sodium alginate films with norbixin salt. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Buratto de Farias
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Renato Queiroz Assis
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Diego Santiago Tupuna‐Yerovi
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Agroindustrial Engineering Department Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador—Sede Manabí (PUCEM) Chone Ecuador
| | - Alessandro de Oliveira Rios
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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33
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Møller AH, Wijaya W, Jahangiri A, Madsen B, Joernsgaard B, Vaerbak S, Hammershøj M, Van der Meeren P, Dalsgaard TK. Norbixin binding to whey protein isolate - alginate electrostatic complexes increases its solubility and stability. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Tupuna-Yerovi DS, Paese K, Flôres SH, Guterres SS, Rios A. Addition of norbixin microcapsules obtained by spray drying in an isotonic tangerine soft drink as a natural dye. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:1021-1031. [PMID: 32123423 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.) are a natural source of norbixin, a carotenoid with antioxidant activity and an intense yellow-orange color which is a commonly used food and beverage colorant. However, it is susceptible to environmental factors such as light, oxygen, and temperature. Microencapsulation presents an alternative for improving the bioactive compound's stability. In this study, norbixin microcapsules (MCN) were added to isotonic tangerine soft drinks in a quantity not exceeding food additive regulations. The final concentration was 2.86 ± 0.02 µg norbixin/mL, and according to the CIELab system, the beverage acquired the expected orange tonality. The addition of MCN favorably affects beverage stability during storage under accelerated conditions (heat and light), and the half-life time was more significant (29.71 days) than when non-encapsulated norbixin was used (393.39 min). In conclusion, MCN should be considered as an additive with potential use in processed beverage industries instead of synthetic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Santiago Tupuna-Yerovi
- 1Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970 Brazil.,3Agroindustrial Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador - Sede Manabí (PUCEM), Campus Chone, 130301 Chone, Manabí Ecuador
| | - Karina Paese
- 2Pharmacy Faculty, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Simone Hickmann Flôres
- 1Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970 Brazil
| | | | - Alessandro Rios
- 1Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970 Brazil
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35
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Sharma P, Segat A, Kelly AL, Sheehan JJ. Colorants in cheese manufacture: Production, chemistry, interactions, and regulation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:1220-1242. [PMID: 33337089 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colored Cheddar cheeses are prepared by adding an aqueous annatto extract (norbixin) to cheese milk; however, a considerable proportion (∼20%) of such colorant is transferred to whey, which can limit the end use applications of whey products. Different geographical regions have adopted various strategies for handling whey derived from colored cheeses production. For example, in the United States, whey products are treated with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and benzoyl peroxide to obtain white and colorless spray-dried products; however, chemical bleaching of whey is prohibited in Europe and China. Fundamental studies have focused on understanding the interactions between colorants molecules and various components of cheese. In addition, the selective delivery of colorants to the cheese curd through approaches such as encapsulated norbixin and microcapsules of bixin or use of alternative colorants, including fat-soluble/emulsified versions of annatto or beta-carotene, has been studied. This review provides a critical analysis of pertinent scientific and patent literature pertaining to colorant delivery in cheese and various types of colorant products on the market for cheese manufacture, and also considers interactions between colorant molecules and cheese components; various strategies for elimination of color transfer to whey during cheese manufacture are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Sharma
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland.,Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Annalisa Segat
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland.,Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jeremiah J Sheehan
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland.,Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Limerick, Ireland
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36
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Møller AH, Jahangiri A, Danielsen M, Madsen B, Joernsgaard B, Vaerbak S, Hammershøj M, Dalsgaard TK. Mechanism behind the degradation of aqueous norbixin upon storage in light and dark environment. Food Chem 2019; 310:125967. [PMID: 31838372 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Buffered aqueous solutions of norbixin were stored in light and dark, and analyzed using mass spectrometry. Compounds with both higher and lower masses than norbixin were detected, suggesting the formation of oxidation products and oxidative cleavage products of norbixin. The norbixin oxidation products included compounds containing several oxidations. The amounts of oxidation products of norbixin increased during storage in both light and dark, but in light, the development accelerated. Scavengers of superoxide radical anion (superoxide dismutase), hydrogen peroxide (catalase), hydroxyl radicals (mannitol) and singlet oxygen (sodium azide) and carbon-centered radicals (DMPO) were tested to determine if any of the reactive species were involved in the degradation of norbixin. Of these, only DMPO decreased the bleaching of norbixin indicating the involvement of carbon-centered radicals. Multiple oxidations of norbixin might be a result of a radical chain reaction involving peroxyl and carbon-centered radicals even though not detectable with electron spin resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hauer Møller
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Amita Jahangiri
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marianne Danielsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Bjoern Madsen
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colors A/S, Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Joernsgaard
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colors A/S, Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Signe Vaerbak
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colors A/S, Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hammershøj
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; iFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine Kastrup Dalsgaard
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; iFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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37
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Curi-Borda CK, Linares-Pastén JA, Tat T, Tarqui-Dueñas R, Chino-Flores N, Alvarado JA, Bergenstahl B. Multilayer Bixin Microcapsules: The Impact of Native Carbohydrates on the Microencapsulation Efficiency and Dispersion Stability. Foods 2019; 8:foods8030108. [PMID: 30909470 PMCID: PMC6463031 DOI: 10.3390/foods8030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bixin is a hydrophobic carotenoid present in the integument of the seeds of Bixa orellana. Microencapsulation was applied to obtain water dispersible formulations and protect the colorant against degradation. Microencapsulated systems were obtained by spray-drying a mild alkaline bixin dispersion with different encapsulating materials. The encapsulation trials were performed with and without native carbohydrates of the integument in addition to the main encapsulant. It was possible to dry dispersions with up to 10% bixin counted on total solids. All the studied systems were characterized by colorimetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, light microscopy, turbidometric sedimentation analyses and laser light diffraction analyses. All the systems showed aqueous dispersibility but displayed differences in their transparency, UV-vis spectra and physical stability at pH 3. The results show that the native carbohydrates enhance the encapsulation efficiency of other encapsulating materials. The chemical composition of this native carbohydrate fraction shows the presence of polysaccharides containing arabinose, galactose and glucose as monomers. Starch was identified enzymatically. The native carbohydrates allowed the encapsulation of bixin in its native microcrystalline form, resulting in a multilayer structure after spray-drying. In addition, the colorant particles displayed dispersibility under acidic aqueous conditions suggesting that they are stabilized by the native carbohydrates after the microcapsules are dissolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia K Curi-Borda
- Food Science and Technology Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
- Institute of Chemical Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 27th Cota Cota, P.O. Box 303, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Tuba Tat
- Department of Food Engineering, Ankara University, TR 06532 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Rosmery Tarqui-Dueñas
- Institute of Chemical Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 27th Cota Cota, P.O. Box 303, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Ninoska Chino-Flores
- Institute of Chemical Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 27th Cota Cota, P.O. Box 303, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Juan-Antonio Alvarado
- Institute of Chemical Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 27th Cota Cota, P.O. Box 303, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Bjorn Bergenstahl
- Food Science and Technology Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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38
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Chen X, Ding Y, Forrest B, Oh J, Boussert SM, Hamann MT. Lemon yellow #15 a new highly stable, water soluble food colorant from the peel of Citrus limon. Food Chem 2019; 270:251-256. [PMID: 30174043 PMCID: PMC11192143 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To provide stable and low-cost naturally derived yellow pigments, a variety of food byproducts were evaluated and the constituents of lemon peel have emerged yielding a highly promising natural product with applications as a food dye. Here we report a new, highly stable and water soluble food dye called yellow #15 from the ethanol extract of the zest of Citrus limon. The structure of lemon yellow #15 was carefully assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration was established by comparison of the experimental CD with calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral data. CIELAB values and Delta CIELAB were measured and revealed this new water-soluble pigment has superior light stability relative to other natural products used as food dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Billy Forrest
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Stephanie M Boussert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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39
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Hatzakis E. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy in Food Science: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:189-220. [PMID: 33337022 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a robust method, which can rapidly analyze mixtures at the molecular level without requiring separation and/or purification steps, making it ideal for applications in food science. Despite its increasing popularity among food scientists, NMR is still an underutilized methodology in this area, mainly due to its high cost, relatively low sensitivity, and the lack of NMR expertise by many food scientists. The aim of this review is to help bridge the knowledge gap that may exist when attempting to apply NMR methodologies to the field of food science. We begin by covering the basic principles required to apply NMR to the study of foods and nutrients. A description of the discipline of chemometrics is provided, as the combination of NMR with multivariate statistical analysis is a powerful approach for addressing modern challenges in food science. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of recent and key applications in the areas of compositional analysis, food authentication, quality control, and human nutrition is provided. In addition to standard NMR techniques, more sophisticated NMR applications are also presented, although limitations, gaps, and potentials are discussed. We hope this review will help scientists gain some of the knowledge required to apply the powerful methodology of NMR to the rich and diverse field of food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univ., Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH, U.S.A.,Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State Univ., Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH, U.S.A
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40
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Møller AH, Jahangiri A, Madsen B, Joernsgaard B, Vaerbak S, Hammershøj M, Dalsgaard TK. Effect of light, pH, metal ions and antioxidants on the colour stability of norbixin in aqueous solution. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hauer Møller
- Department of Food Science Aarhus University Blichers Alle 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Amita Jahangiri
- Department of Food Science Aarhus University Blichers Alle 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Bjoern Madsen
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colours A/S Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30 2630 Taastrup Denmark
| | - Bjarne Joernsgaard
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colours A/S Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30 2630 Taastrup Denmark
| | - Signe Vaerbak
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colours A/S Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30 2630 Taastrup Denmark
| | - Marianne Hammershøj
- Department of Food Science Aarhus University Blichers Alle 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
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41
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Masek A, Latos-Brozio M. The Effect of Substances of Plant Origin on the Thermal and Thermo-Oxidative Ageing of Aliphatic Polyesters (PLA, PHA). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1252. [PMID: 30961177 PMCID: PMC6401740 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The stabilization efficiency of flavonoids (rutin and hesperidin) in polyester (polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkaonate (PHA)) composites under oxygen at high temperature was investigated. The polymer was homogenized with three antioxidants then processed by extrusion. The effects of stabilizers on the following physicochemical properties were investigated: melt flow, Vicat softening temperature, surface energy, and color change (Cie-Lab space). The aim of this study was to improve the stability of aliphatic polyesters by extending and controlling their lifetime. Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC and Thermogravimetric analysis DTG methods were used to confirm the stabilizing effects (the inhibition of oxidation) of flavonoids (rutin and hesperidin) on the ageing process of biodegradable polymers. The levels of migration of plant antioxidants from PLA and PHA were determined and compared to the industrial stabilizer (Chimassorb 944 UV absorber). Based on this study, a comparable-to-higher efficiency of the proposed flavonoids for the stabilization of polyesters was found when compared to the commercial stabilizers. Thus, in the future, natural plant-derived substances may replace toxic hindered amines, which are commonly used as light stabilizers (HALS-Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers) in the polymer industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Latos-Brozio
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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42
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Dobránszki J, Rivera-Madrid R. The biotechnology (genetic transformation and molecular biology) of Bixa orellana L. (achiote). PLANTA 2018; 248:267-277. [PMID: 29748818 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation allows for greater bixin or norbixin production in achiote. Knowledge of genes that control the biosynthesis of these important secondary metabolites will allow for targeted amplification in transgenic plants. Annatto is a natural dye or coloring agent derived from the seeds, or their arils, of achiote (Bixa orellana L.), and is commercially known as E160b. The main active component of annatto dye is water-insoluble bixin, although water-soluble norbixin also has commercial applications. Relative to other antioxidants, bixin is light- and temperature stable and is thus safe for human consumption. Bixin is, therefore, widely applied as a dye and as an antioxidant in the medico-pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and dye industries. Even though bixin has also been isolated from leaves and bark, yield is lower than from seeds. More biotechnology-based research of this industrial and medicinal plant is needed. Building on provisional genetic transformation studies, it would be advantageous to transform genes that could result in greater bixin or norbixin production. Reliable protocols for the extraction of bixin and norbixin, as well as deeper knowledge of the genes that control the biosynthesis of these important secondary metabolites will allow for targeted amplification in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Renata Rivera-Madrid
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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43
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Thermoresponsive, water-dispersible microcapsules with a lipid-polysaccharide shell to protect heat-sensitive colorants. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Rehan I, Khan MZ, Rehan K, Abrar SU, Farooq Z, Sultana S, Saqib NU, Anwar H. Optimized laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the determination of high toxic lead in edible colors. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6033-6039. [PMID: 30118031 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An optimized laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was utilized as a robust tool for the detection of high toxic lead (Pb) in often used edible colors available in local markets. Edible colors are extensively used in different food stuffs and sweet dish items. To attain a highly sensitive LIBS system for the determination of trace amounts of toxic Pb in edible colors and to achieve the best detection limit, various parametric dependence studies were performed. The quantitative determinations were accomplished under the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium in terms of optically thin plasma. Besides toxic Pb, other elements like Ca, Mg, Fe, and Na were also detected in edible colors. To estimate the concentration of toxic lead in edible colors, calibration curves were plotted by preparing standard samples of different lead concentrations in an edible colors matrix. Results of the LIBS technique were compared with the outcomes of the same samples studied using a standard analytical technique of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy to confirm the contemporary LIBS setup. The color samples were found above the safe permissible level due to the mass of toxic lead. Limit of detection of the LIBS setup was found at 0.86+/-0.03 ppm for toxic lead present in edible color samples.
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46
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Stout M, Park C, Drake M. The effect of bleaching agents on the degradation of vitamins and carotenoids in spray-dried whey protein concentrate. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7922-7932. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Alcázar-Alay SC, Osorio-Tobón JF, Forster-Carneiro T, Meireles MAA. Obtaining bixin from semi-defatted annatto seeds by a mechanical method and solvent extraction: Process integration and economic evaluation. Food Res Int 2017; 99:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rychen G, Azimonti G, Bampidis V, de Lourdes Bastos M, Bories G, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Flachowsky G, Gropp J, Kolar B, Kouba M, López Puente S, López-Alonso M, Mantovani A, Mayo B, Ramos F, Saarela M, Villa RE, Wallace RJ, Wester P, Costa LG, Lundebye AK, Renshaw D, Holczknecht O, Vettori MV, Aquilina G. Safety and efficacy of cis-norbixin di-potassium salt (annatto F) for cats and dogs. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04764. [PMID: 32625466 PMCID: PMC7009970 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of annatto F (alkali-processed norbixin, acid-precipitated) for cats and dogs. Norbixin is considered safe for cats at a maximum concentration of 13 mg/kg complete feed and for dogs at 16 mg/kg complete feed. Annatto 2.5% is a strong alkaline solution of potassium or sodium hydroxide that makes it corrosive and therefore harmful for the user. Although the ability of the additive to colour feed has generally been demonstrated, no conclusion on the effective concentration can be drawn.
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Abstract
We observed the anti-UV action of beetroot extract in an ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE) matrix. The beetroot extract and the one prepared from annatto seed also acted efficiently as pigment to the same polymeric matrix. Neat UHMWPE and UHMWPE compounded with annatto and beet extract were compression molded and tensile specimens were obtained from the molded plates and submitted to UV radiation for up to 42 days. Tensile tests were performed and it was observed that the beet extract had a stabilizing action in the polymer compared to neat polymer and the one with annatto extract. Complementary analyses showed good homogenization of the extracts through the polymer matrix indicating the possibility of use as pigment, although the annatto extract appeared to be very unstable under irradiation. Spectroscopic characterization helped to explain the stability of the extracts before and after molding.
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