1
|
Bhuvaneswari C, Elangovan A, Sharmila C, Sudha K, Arivazhagan G. Fabrication of cobalt tungstate/N-rGO nanocomposite: Application towards the detection of antibiotic drug-Furazolidone. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
2
|
Regan G, Mullen P, Moloney M, De Ruyck K, Fodey T, Millar SE, Crooks S, Gadaj A, Elliott C, Danaher M. Verification of Bound Aminoguanidine as the Marker Residue for the Banned Antibiotic, Nitrovin, in Pig Tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7248-7257. [PMID: 35666992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrovin (NTV) belongs to a class of antibiotics called nitrofurans, which are classified as nonallowed pharmacologically active substances that do not have a maximum residue limit listed in EU legislation. The objectives of this study were to confirm aminoguanidine (AGN) as a suitable marker residue to monitor NTV abuse and to investigate its persistence in porcine tissues. In this work, pigs were fed with NTV-medicated feed (50 mg/kg), and tissues (kidney, muscle, and liver) and plasma were collected on different withdrawal days. All samples were analyzed for bound AGN, total AGN, and the parent drug NTV itself. The highest concentrations of AGN residues were found in the liver, while the lowest were in muscle. Parent NTV was only detected in the kidney at low levels on day 0 of withdrawal. The findings are in support of using AGN as the marker residue for monitoring the illegal use of NTV in animal-derived products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Regan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15 D15 KN3K, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K
| | - Philip Mullen
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Mary Moloney
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15 D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | - Karl De Ruyck
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15 D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | - Terence Fodey
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Steven Crooks
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Anna Gadaj
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, U.K
| | - Chris Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K
| | - Martin Danaher
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15 D15 KN3K, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Regan G, Moloney M, Di Rocco M, McLoughlin P, Smyth W, Crooks S, Elliott C, Danaher M. Development and validation of a rapid LC-MS/MS method for the confirmatory analysis of the bound residues of eight nitrofuran drugs in meat using microwave reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1375-1388. [PMID: 34816286 PMCID: PMC8724188 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid analytical method was developed and validated for the analysis of eight bound nitrofurans in animal tissue, shortening laboratory turnaround times from 4 to 2 days. The majority of methodologies for nitrofuran analysis focus on the detection of only four drugs (nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, furaltadone and nitrofurazone), and is time-consuming given the 16-h overnight derivatisation step and a double liquid–liquid extraction. In this study, the narrow scope of analysis was addressed by including further four important nitrofuran drugs (nifursol, nitrofuroxazide, nifuraldezone and nitrovin). Full chromatographic separation was achieved for the metabolites of all eight nitrofurans, using phenyl-hexyl column chemistry and a rigorous optimisation of the mobile phase additives and gradient profile. The conventional, lengthy sample preparation was substantially shortened by replacing the traditional overnight water bath derivatisation with a rapid 2-h microwave-assisted reaction, followed by a modified-QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction. This confirmatory method was fully validated in accordance with the new 2021/808/EC legislation, and was shown to perform satisfactorily when applied to incurred tissues. The decision limit (CCα) for the eight analytes ranged between 0.013 and 0.200 µg kg−1, showing abundant sensitivity given that the current RPA for nitrofurans is 0.5 µg kg−1. This innovative method can play a major role in the surveillance of the illegal use of nitrofuran drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Regan
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 KN3K, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mary Moloney
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 KN3K, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melissa Di Rocco
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 KN3K, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraig McLoughlin
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 KN3K, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wesley Smyth
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, BT43SD, UK
| | - Steven Crooks
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, BT43SD, UK
| | - Christopher Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Martin Danaher
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 KN3K, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang S, Wang Z, Pang Y, Jing Z, Li Z, Peng F, Zhao Y, Guo Y. Highly fluorescent carbon dots from coix seed for the determination of furazolidone and temperature. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119969. [PMID: 34051636 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, blue emission fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated by using the hydrothermal strategy from coix seed for the first time. We found that the prepared CDs possessed many excellent characteristics including excitation-dependent properties, good solubility and strong photostability. The optimal excitation and emission wavelength of CDs were 363 and 435 nm, respectively. Unbelievably, the fluorescence of CDs was selectively and effectively quenched with the addition of furazolidone (Fu). The quenching mechanisms might be assumed to the static quenching and inner filter effect (IFE). Based on this principle, a novel fluorescence probe was developed for the determination of Fu. At the same time, the proposed probe showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards Fu with a wide linear range from 0.5 to 100 μM, and the corresponding detection limit was 0.096 μM. Moreover, the CDs also could be applied for the sensing of temperature. The practical application of the CDs for Fu detection in real samples was also confirmed with the satisfactory recoveries changing from 96.6% to 108.5%, which provided huge possibility in the field of medical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China.
| | - Zixin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Yating Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Zerong Jing
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Fangfang Peng
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Yiyan Zhao
- Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Yuyu Guo
- College of Arts, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Development and Validation of a LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Soft-Shell Turtle Powder Health Food Supplement. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:8822448. [PMID: 33763134 PMCID: PMC7964107 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8822448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-shell turtle (SST; freshwater terrapin or tortoise) is a popular and important health functional food (HFF) product in many Asian countries. HFFs containing SST must be safe, but several HFFs have been found to be contaminated with dangerous substances, such as nitrofuran metabolites (NFMs). This finding suggests that the consumption of HFFs results in the regular exposure of vulnerable individuals to hazardous substances. Importantly, nitrofuran antibiotics have been banned for use in food-producing animals since the 1990s by the European Union. Thus, in this study, we propose a reliable and quick method to reduce the time required for the detection of four NFMs in SST powder that conventional methods are unable to quantify. Our method involves the derivatization and hydrolysis of SST powder and was validated in accordance with the requirements of European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The method achieves an apparent mean recovery of 82.2–108.1%, repeatability of 1.5–3.8%, and reproducibility of 2.2–4.8% for 0.5–10.0 μg kg−1 of 1-aminohydantoin, semicarbazide, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone, and 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone. In addition, linearity was achieved with correlation coefficients of 0.999, and the detection capability (CCβ) and decision limit (CCα) were found to be reliable, indicating that this is a fast and accurate method for the analysis of SST powder. The validated method was successfully applied to detect NFMs in SST powder in commercial HHFs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Sánchez JÁ, Blagojevic B, Fürst P, Garin‐Bastuji B, Jensen HE, Paulsen P, Baert K, Barrucci F, Broglia A, Georgiadis M, Hempen M, Hilbert F. Evaluation of public and animal health risks in case of a delayed post-mortem inspection in ungulates. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06307. [PMID: 33304413 PMCID: PMC7716243 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of a 24 or 72-h delay in post-mortem inspection (PMI) of ungulates on public health and monitoring of animal health and welfare was evaluated. The assessment used a survey of meat inspectors, expert opinion, literature search and a stochastic model for Salmonella detection sensitivity. Disease detection sensitivity at a delayed PMI is expected to reduce detection sensitivity to a variable extent, depending on the hazard and on the signs/lesions and organs involved. No reduction is expected for Trichinella detection in meat from susceptible animal species and any decrease in detection of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) will not exceed the current tolerance for fallen stock. A 24-h delay in PMI could result in a small reduction in sensitivity of detection for tuberculosis, echinococcosis and cysticercosis. A greater reduction is expected for the detection of pyaemia and Rift valley fever. For the detection of Salmonella, the median model estimates are a reduction of sensitivity of 66.5% (90% probability interval (PI) 0.08-99.75%) after 24-h delay and 94% (90% PI 0.83-100%) after 72-h delay of PMI. Laboratory testing for tuberculosis following a sampling delay of 24-72 h could result in no, or a moderate, decrease in detection depending on the method of confirmation used (PCR, culture, histopathology). For chemical contaminants, a delay in meat inspection of 24 or 72 h is expected to have no impact on the effectiveness of detection of persistent organic pollutants and metals. However, for certain pharmacologically active substances, there will be a reduced effectiveness to detect some of these substances due to potential degradation in the available matrices (tissues and organs) and the non-availability of specific preferred matrices of choice.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen D, Delmas JM, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Verdon E. Development of a multi-class method to determine nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, pharmacologically active dyes and chloramphenicol in aquaculture products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 311:125924. [PMID: 31865112 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
LC-MS/MS method was developed for the efficient identification and quantification of 21 banned substances including various nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, pharmacologically-active dyes and chloramphenicol, respectively in aquaculture products. The sample preparation was started by acid-treatment with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA) to liberate matrix-bound residues of nitrofurans. A modified QuEChERS method was optimized for the extraction and clean-up of the target analytes. The metabolites of the four conventional nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, nitrofurazone and furaltadone) and of three other nitrofurans (nifursol, nifuroxazide, and nitrovin), and an underivatizable nitrofuran (nifurpirinol) were simultaneously detected. Furthermore, 21 banned substances were quantified by LC-MS/MS with ESI using one single injection. To evaluate and validate the performance of the method, the criteria of the Decision (EC) no 2002/657 were applied. Decision limit (CCα) of target analytes ranged 0.067-1.655 μg/kg in aquaculture products. The recovery ranged 77.2%-125.6%, and the relative standard deviations of inter-day analyses (RSD) were less than 25%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues Huazhong Agricultural University, MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, China; ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non-Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, Fougeres, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Delmas
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non-Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, Fougeres, France
| | - Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non-Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, Fougeres, France
| | - Eric Verdon
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Residues and Contaminants Analysis Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues in Food from Animal Origin and European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Authorised and Non-Authorised Antimicrobial Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and for Banned Pharmacologically Active Dyes, Fougeres, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rapid microwave assisted derivatization of nitrofuran metabolites for analysis in shrimp by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
9
|
Aldeek F, Hsieh KC, Ugochukwu ON, Gerard G, Hammack W. Accurate Quantitation and Analysis of Nitrofuran Metabolites, Chloramphenicol, and Florfenicol in Seafood by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Method Validation and Regulatory Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5018-5030. [PMID: 29283576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed and validated a method for the extraction, identification, and quantitation of four nitrofuran metabolites, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), semicarbazide (SC), and 1-aminohydantoin (AHD), as well as chloramphenicol and florfenicol in a variety of seafood commodities. Samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction techniques, analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), and quantitated using commercially sourced, derivatized nitrofuran metabolites, with their isotopically labeled internal standards in-solvent. We obtained recoveries of 90-100% at various fortification levels. The limit of detection (LOD) was set at 0.25 ng/g for AMOZ and AOZ, 1 ng/g for AHD and SC, and 0.1 ng/g for the phenicols. Various extraction methods, standard stability, derivatization efficiency, and improvements to conventional quantitation techniques were also investigated. We successfully applied this method to the identification and quantitation of nitrofuran metabolites and phenicols in 102 imported seafood products. Our results revealed that four of the samples contained residues from banned veterinary drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Aldeek
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| | - Kevin C Hsieh
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| | - Obiadada N Ugochukwu
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| | - Ghislain Gerard
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| | - Walter Hammack
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xing C, Jing X, Zhang X, Yuan J. Ultrasensitive indirect competitive ELISA and strip sensor for detection of furazolidone metabolite in animal tissues. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1337083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changrui Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuexue Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Jiangsu MeiZheng Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fernando R, Munasinghe D, Gunasena A, Abeynayake P. Determination of nitrofuran metabolites in shrimp muscle by liquid chromatography-photo diode array detection. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Sheng LQ, Chen MM, Chen SS, Du NN, Liu ZD, Song CF, Qiao R. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the determination of nitrofuran metabolites in pork muscle. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:2114-22. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.849387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
McCracken R, Kennedy D. Furazolidone in chicken: case study of an incident of widespread contamination. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:704-12. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.850152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
15
|
Yin K, Zhang W, Chen L. Pyoverdine secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a biological recognition element for the fluorescent detection of furazolidone. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 51:90-6. [PMID: 23942357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the rapid and sensitive detection of furazolidone, a pesticide used for the treatment of infections of animals and human beings, have been urgently recommended for its large residual, strong carcinogenicity and genotoxicity in the environment. In this study, a method for the detection of furazolidone based on the rapid fluorescence quenching of pyoverdine by furazolidone was developed. Pyoverdine secreted by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA1 was purified through affinity chromatography and its fluorescent property was characterized. The fluorescence of pyoverdine could be quenched by furazolidone with specificity, and based on this phenomenon a fluorescent method for furazolidone detection was established. Fluorescence of pyoverdine was quenched by furazolidone probably due to the electron transfer from pyoverdine to furazolidone. The optimal pH for the detection was 7.2 in 50 mM 3-(N-Morpholino) propanesulfonic acid solution, and the whole detection process could be completed within a few seconds. The linear range of the detection was 2-160 µM and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 µM. This study developed a novel fluorescent method for furazolidone detection, and the rapid and specific fluorescent biosensor can be potentially applied for furazolidone detection in the aquatic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao F, Zhang QD, Zhang ZH, Yan XD, Zhang HC, Wang JP. Residue depletion of nifuroxazide in broiler chicken. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2172-2178. [PMID: 23339038 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several nitrofuran drugs have been prohibited for use in food producing animals due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. However, one of the nitrofurans, nifuroxazide, is still used as a veterinary drug in some countries. This study was conducted to investigate the residue depletion of nifuroxazide in broiler chicken. Chickens were fed with dietary feeds containing 50 mg kg⁻¹ of nifuroxazide for seven consecutive days. Liver, kidney, muscle and plasma samples were collected at different withdrawal periods, and the residues of parent nifuroxazide and its acid-hydrolysable side chain, 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide (HBH), in these samples were determined. RESULTS Nifuroxazide was metabolised in vivo and its metabolite HBH was formed. Parent nifuroxazide was not detectable in these samples after 14 days of cessation. HBH was detectable in these samples even after 28 days of cessation and the total HBH residues were higher than 1.0 ng g⁻¹. Furthermore, the residue level of tissue bound HBH was much higher than that of free HBH. CONCLUSION The tissue-bound HBH could be used as a marker to monitor the residue of nifuroxazide in chicken and the best target tissue should be liver. This is the first paper reporting the residue depletion of nifuroxazide in chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, China 071000
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (solipeds). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
18
|
Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (bovine animals). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
19
|
Shen J, Wang W, Xia X, Zhu J, Wu X, Wang S, Niu L, Ding S, Wang Z, Wang Z, Li X, Jiang H. Determination of Four Nitrofuran Metabolites and Chloramphenicolin Biological Samples Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.762583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
A risk ranking process identified Toxoplasma gondii and pathogenic verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as the most relevant biological hazards for meat inspection of sheep and goats. As these are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system using risk-based interventions was proposed. Further studies are required on T. gondii and pathogenic VTEC. If new information confirms these hazards as a high risk to public health from meat from sheep or goats, setting targets at carcass level should be considered. Other elements of the system are risk-categorisation of flocks/herds based on improved Food Chain Information (FCI), classification of abattoirs according to their capability to reduce faecal contamination, and use of improved process hygiene criteria. It is proposed to omit palpation and incision from post-mortem inspection in animals subjected to routine slaughter. For chemical hazards, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls were ranked as being of high potential concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account FCI, which should be expanded to reflect the extensive production systems used, and the ranking of chemical substances, which should be regularly updated and include new hazards. Control programmes across the food chain, national residue control plans, feed control and monitoring of environmental contaminants should be better integrated. Meat inspection is a valuable tool for surveillance and monitoring of animal health and welfare conditions. Omission of palpation and incision would reduce detection effectiveness for tuberculosis and fasciolosis at animal level. Surveillance of tuberculosis at the slaughterhouse in small ruminants should be improved and encouraged, as this is in practice the only surveillance system available. Extended use of FCI could compensate for some, but not all, the information on animal health and welfare lost if only visual post-mortem inspection is applied.
Collapse
|
21
|
XING YUANNA, NI HONGGANG, CHEN ZEYONG. Semicarbazide in Selected Bird's Nest Products. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1654-9. [DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.12-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, a number of food producers use hypochlorite to bleach food and inhibit the growth of bacteria, preserving the food. Because the presence of high amounts of nitrogen could result in the formation of semicarbazide (SEM), the bleaching process could be one of the predominant sources of SEM in food. To investigate this, we selected instant bottled bird's nest as an example of a food that is bleached in its production. SEM was detected in 27 of 28 instant bottled bird's nest samples. The levels of SEM detected mostly fell in the range of 5 to 50 μg/kg, which accounted for 75% of all samples measured. The SEM detected in the instant bottled bird's nest was found to have originated neither from the use of the antimicrobial agent nitrofurazone nor from azodicarbonamide, which is used as a blowing agent in gaskets used to seal the metal lid of the bottle. Instead, it could have originated from the bleaching process used in the preparation of the nests. Additionally, human exposure to SEM via consumption of instant bottled bird's nest for five subgroups of the population was estimated. Sensitivity analysis suggested that concentration of SEM in food is the most significant parameter governing human exposure via consumption of SEM-containing food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YUAN-NA XING
- 1Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - HONG-GANG NI
- 2Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - ZE-YONG CHEN
- 1Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518109, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barbosa J, Freitas A, Mourão JL, Noronha da Silveira MI, Ramos F. Determination of furaltadone and nifursol residues in poultry eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4227-4234. [PMID: 22486660 DOI: 10.1021/jf205186y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of nitrofurans as veterinary drugs has been banned from intensive animal production in the European Union (EU) since 1993. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the accumulation and depletion of furaltadone and nifursol and their side-chain metabolites 5-methylmorpholino-3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide (DNSAH) in eggs after administration of therapeutic and subtherapeutic doses of the drugs to laying hens during three consecutive weeks. LC-MS/MS, with positive and negative electrospray ionization methods, was used for the determination of parent compounds and metabolites in yolk and egg white and was validated according to criteria established by Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) of the analytical methodology for metabolites were 0.1 and 0.5 μg/kg for AMOZ and 0.3 and 0.9 μg/kg for DNSAH, respectively. For the parent compounds, CCα and CCβ were 0.9 and 2.0 μg/kg for furaltadone and 1.3 and 3.1 μg/kg for nifursol, respectively. The data obtained show that the parent compounds are much less persistent than their side-chain metabolites in either yolk or egg white. Between the studied metabolites, AMOZ is the most persistent and could be detected in either yolk or egg white three weeks following withdrawal from treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barbosa
- INRB-LNIV, Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária , Estrada de Benfica 701, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan XD, Zhang LJ, Wang JP. Residue depletion of nitrovin in chicken after oral administration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3414-3419. [PMID: 21391671 DOI: 10.1021/jf104771e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the residue depletion of nitrovin in chicken was studied after feeding the birds with dietary feeds containing 10 mg/kg of nitrovin for 7 consecutive days. Tissues (muscle, fat, kidney, and liver) and plasma were collected at different withdrawal periods and determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method. The limit of detection for nitrovin in tissue and plasma samples was 0.1 ng/(g or mL), and the inter- and intrarecoveries from the blank fortified samples were in the range of 71.1-85.7%. At the withdrawal period of 0 days, the residue concentration of nitrovin in plasma was the highest (average of 84.98 ng/mL) compared to those in muscle, fat, liver, and kidney (average of 21.04, 61.18, 24.04, and 68.28 ng/g, respectively). At the withdrawal period of 28 days, the residue levels of nitrovin in muscle, fat, liver, and plasma were all higher than 1.0 ng/(g or mL) and the highest concentration was in liver (average of 5.8 ng/g). These data are in support of the ban of nitrovin as a feed additive in food-producing animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong Yan
- Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tang Y, Yan L, Xiang JJ, Wang WZ, Yang HY. An immunoassay based on bio-barcode method for quantitative detection of semicarbazide. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
McCracken RJ, Van Rhijn JA, Kennedy DG. Transfer of nitrofuran residues from parent broiler breeder chickens to broiler progeny. Br Poult Sci 2010; 46:287-92. [PMID: 16050181 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500098327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of nitrofuran antibiotics in food-producing animals is prohibited within the EU. Countries in the EU, as well those intending to export food to the EU, must ensure that their products are free from nitrofuran residues. As a result of recent global problems where chicken meat from a wide range of countries has been contaminated with nitrofuran metabolites, an investigation was performed to discover whether or not residues of the nitrofurans might be transferred from parent breeder chickens to their offspring broilers. Four groups of broiler breeders were each treated with one of the nitrofurans: furazolidone, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin or furaltadone. Residues of their side-chain metabolites, AOZ, SEM, AHD and AMOZ, were detected in the fertilised eggs at concentrations up to 1567 microg/kg. However, in the chicks that subsequently hatched from these eggs, residue concentrations of SEM, for example, were only found up to 26.6 and 32.5 microg/kg in liver and muscle, respectively, for 1-d-old chicks. Residue concentrations in tissues had fallen below the detection limit of the analytical method for 40-d-old broiler chicks, for all compounds except for semicarbazide (SEM, the nitrofurazone metabolite). Relatively high concentrations of nitrofurans are available to the newly hatched chick through the egg yolk. However, most of these residues are neither utilised nor deposited in the liver or muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J McCracken
- Chemical Surveillance Department, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Y, Huang L, Wang Y, Yang B, Ishan A, Fang K, Peng D, Liu Z, Dai M, Yuan Z. Tissue depletion and concentration correlations between edible tissues and biological fluids of 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone in pigs fed with a furazolidone-medicated feed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6774-6779. [PMID: 20443624 DOI: 10.1021/jf904577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Furazolidone has been prohibited for use in food animal production worldwide for its carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, but it is still illegally used in some farms because of its effectiveness and cheap price. Because of the food safety and economical concerns, it is necessary to find an efficient and low-cost way to monitor the misuse of furazolidone in food-producing animals. For this regard, the tissue depletion and tissue-biological fluid concentration correlations of 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), which is the marker residue of furazolidone, were studied in pigs. Pigs were dosed with 400 mg/kg of furazolidone in feed for 7 days and were sacrificed at the withdrawal time of 0.5, 7, 21, 35, 56, and 63 days. Muscle, liver, kidney, urine, and plasma were collected to detect the AOZ by a simplified indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). Results showed that AOZ was widely distributed in pigs and eliminated slowly after the digestion of furazolidone. The half-lives of AOZ in the plasma, urine, liver, kidney, and muscle were 13.7, 14.7, 13.6, 13.6, and 15.0 days, respectively. Good correlations of the AOZ concentration were found between plasma and muscle, plasma and liver, urine and liver, and urine and kidney in the depletion period of 7-63 or 21-63 days, with correlation coefficients of more than 0.97 and p values less than 0.05. These correlations can provide a basis for a simple and economical way using plasma/urine to monitor the illegal use of furazolidone in pigs without slaughter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues HZAU)and MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Application of a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone residue in aquatic animals. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 664:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Kinsella B, O’Mahony J, Malone E, Moloney M, Cantwell H, Furey A, Danaher M. Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7977-8015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
29
|
Pimpitak U, Putong S, Komolpis K, Petsom A, Palaga T. Development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of the furaltadone metabolite, AMOZ, in fortified shrimp samples. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Cheng CC, Hsieh KH, Lei YC, Tai YT, Chang TH, Sheu SY, Li WR, Kuo TF. Development and residue screening of the furazolidone metabolite, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), in cultured fish by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5687-5692. [PMID: 19526989 DOI: 10.1021/jf900859r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of tissue-bound metabolite 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) is described. The procedures allow for the detection of protein-bound AOZ in the form of a 2-nitrophenyl derivative (2-NP-AOZ) in the sample supernatant or extract after acid hydrolysis and derivatization with o-nitrobenzaldehyde. The polyclonal rabbit antibodies were produced with the immunogen hapten, 2-NP-HXA-AOZ, and the 50% inhibition values (IC(50)) of 0.14 microg kg(-1) of AOZ was achieved with the most sensitive antibody A0505. The mean lower detection limit of the ELISA method is about 0.025 microg kg(-1). According to the test preparation record, the detection limit is 0.1 microg kg(-1), which is well below the minimum required performance limits (MRPLs) for tissue-bound residues of AOZ at 1 microg kg(-1) in the European Communities. In the present study, we investigated the use of homemade ELISA, a new immunoassay, to monitor the presence of the furazolidone marker residue in 370 samples of cultured fish. Adopting 0.3 microg kg(-1) AOZ as a cutoff value, the ELISA has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98.5% versus high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) at a cutoff of 0.3 microg kg(-1) and gives no false-negative rate results. From the practical point of view, the homemade kit could be advantageously used for the screening of large groups of animal-edible tissue samples and the kit employed has good reliability even in routine application for the control of the illegal use of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chen Cheng
- Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharmaceutical, Incorporated, Taipei County 221, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chumanee S, Sutthivaiyakit S, Sutthivaiyakit P. New reagent for trace determination of protein-bound metabolites of nitrofurans in shrimp using liquid chromatography with diode array detector. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:1752-9. [PMID: 19199604 DOI: 10.1021/jf803423r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of derivatives of metabolites from furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurazone, and nitrofurantoin using a new derivatizing reagent, 2-naphthaldehyde (NTA), is described. The reaction product was used in liquid chromatography with diode array detector (LC-DAD) for determination of protein-bound metabolites of nitrofurans in shrimp followed by two steps of liquid-liquid extraction. Derivatives of nitrofuran metabolites are well separated from NTA remaining in the extract upon separation on a ChromSpher 5 Pesticide (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column at 40 degrees C with acetonitrile/5 mM ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 7.5 gradient as the mobile phase and DAD detection at 308 nm except for naphthyl derivative of 1-aminohydantoin at 310 nm. The high absorptivity of these derivatives makes simultaneous screening of these metabolites in shrimp at 1 microg/kg possible for the first time using LC-DAD. The method was validated using blank shrimp fortified with all four metabolites at 1, 1.5, and 2 microg/kg. Recoveries were >86% with relative standard deviations of <14% for all four metabolites. Comparison between LC-DAD and APCI-MS/MS shows very good agreement for shrimp samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saowapa Chumanee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu YP, Liu LQ, Li QS, Peng CF, Chen W, Xu CL. Development of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of 1-Aminohydantoin in urine specimens. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:308-14. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
33
|
Vass M, Diblikova I, Kok E, Stastny K, Frgalova K, Hruska K, Franek M. In-house validation of an ELISA method for screening of semicarbazide in eggs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:930-6. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030701883203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
Chang C, Peng DP, Wu JE, Wang YL, Yuan ZH. Development of an indirect competitive ELISA for the detection of furazolidone marker residue in animal edible tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1525-1531. [PMID: 18260630 DOI: 10.1021/jf0726684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to its carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, furazolidone has been prohibited completely from being used in food animal production in the world since 1995. To monitor the illegal abuse of furazolidone, a polyclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed for the determination of tissue-bound furazolidone metabolite 3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AOZ). The highly specific antibody was targeted for PAOZ, the benzaldehyde derivative of AOZ. The 50% inhibition values (IC 50) of 0.91 microg/L for AOZ was achieved with the most sensitive antibody Ab-B1 by altering ELISA conditions. In the ELISA, sample extraction and cleanup were performed by an is MAX cartridge following combined hydrolysis of the tissue-bound AOZ and derivatization of the homogenized tissues with benzaldehyde. The limits of detection (LOD) calculated from the analysis of 20 known negative tissue samples (swine liver, swine muscle, chicken liver, chicken muscle,and fish muscle) were 0.3-0.4 microg/kg (mean+3 SD). Recoveries of AOZ fortified at the levels of 0.4, 1, and 5 microg/kg ranged from 55.8 to 96.6% in the tissues. The coefficients of variation were less than 20% over the range of AOZ concentrations studied. The linear detection range was between 0.1 and 25.6 microg/L. Validation of the ELISA method with swine muscle and liver from furazolidone-treated pigs was carried out using HPLC, resulting in a similar correlation in swine muscle (r=0.99) and in swine liver (r=0.98). The results suggest that this ELISA is a specific, accurate, and sensitive method of detecting AOZ residues in animal edible tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vass M, Diblikova I, Cernoch I, Franek M. ELISA for semicarbazide and its application for screening in food contamination. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 608:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
36
|
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against a derivative of semicarbazide as a metabolic target of nitrofurazone. Anal Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
37
|
Mulder PPJ, Beumer B, Van Rhijn JA. The determination of biurea: A novel method to discriminate between nitrofurazone and azodicarbonamide use in food products. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 586:366-73. [PMID: 17386736 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently doubts have arisen on the usefulness of semicarbazide as marker residue for the illegal use of the antibiotic nitrofurazone (NFZ) in aquaculture and poultry production. Most notably azodicarbonamide (ADC) has been implicated as an alternative source of semicarbazide. ADC is used in some countries as a dough conditioner at concentrations up to 45 mg kg(-1). The use of ADC-treated flour or dough in coated or breaded food products may generate false non-compliant results in the analytical method for nitrofurazone metabolites, which is currently in use. During the dough preparation process ADC is largely reduced to biurea, which can be considered as an appropriate marker residue of ADC. Thus far no methods have been published for the determination of biurea in food commodities. Due to its polar nature it is very difficult to generate sufficient retention on conventional C18 HPLC columns. With a TSK amide HILIC type column good retention was obtained. A straightforward extraction-dilution protocol was developed. Using a mixture of dimethyl formamide and water biurea was nearly quantitatively extracted from a variety of fresh, coated and processed products. Mass spectrometric detection was performed with positive electrospray ionisation. The sensitivity and selectivity of the mass spectrometer for biurea was very good, allowing detection at concentrations as low as 10 microg kg(-1). However, in some extracts severe ion suppression effects was observed. To overcome the implications of ion suppression on the quantitative performance of the method an isotopically-labelled biurea internal standard was synthesized and incorporated in the method. The method developed can be used effectively in nitrofurazone analysis to eliminate the risk of false non-compliant results due to the presence of azodicarbonamide-treated components in the food product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P J Mulder
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Bornsesteeg 45, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bock C, Stachel C, Gowik P. Validation of a confirmatory method for the determination of residues of four nitrofurans in egg by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with the software InterVal. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 586:348-58. [PMID: 17386734 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the detection and determination of nitrofuran derivatives in egg by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was validated with the software InterVal and can be applied for the confirmation of nitrofuran metabolites in fresh or lyophilised eggs. The validation study comprises variations in operator, storage condition, breeding, equipment and duration of sample preparation. A comprehensive overview of the robustness of the method is obtained by analysing eight samples at six concentration levels. First results of short- and medium-term investigations for stability of analytes in solution show that standard solutions of nitrofuran metabolites are stable for at least 1 year when stored at +4 degrees C in the dark. The decision limit CCalpha expressed for the underivatised metabolite is 0.05 microg kg(-1) for 3-amino-5-methyl-morpholino-2-oxazolidinone, 0.03 microg kg(-1) for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone, 0.20 microg kg(-1) for semicarbazide and 0.22 microg kg(-1) for 1-amino-hydantoin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bock
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), EU- and National Reference Laboratory (CRL/NRL), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Viñas P, Campillo N, Carrasco L, Hernández-Córdoba M. Analysis of Nitrofuran Residues in Animal Feed Using Liquid Chromatography and Photodiode-Array Detection. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
40
|
Tribalat L, Paisse O, Dessalces G, Grenier-Loustalot MF. Advantages of LC–MS–MS compared to LC–MS for the determination of nitrofuran residues in honey. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:2161-8. [PMID: 17091234 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of developing analyses for exogenous contaminants in food matrices such as honey, we have compared data obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to those provided by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Initial results obtained with LC-MS showed that the technique lacked selectivity, which is why the method was validated by LC-MS-MS. This method involves a solid-phase extraction (SPE) of nitrofuran metabolites and nitrofuran parent drugs, a derivatization by 2-nitrobenzaldehyde for 17 h, and finally a clean-up by SPE. The data obtained show that the limits of detection varied between 0.2 and 0.6 microg kg(-1) for the metabolites and between 1 and 2 microg kg(-1) for nitrofuran parent drugs. The method was applied to different flower honeys. The results showed that nitrofurans (used as antibiotics) are consistently present in this matrix, the predominant compound being furazolidone. Figure Working bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Tribalat
- Service Central d'Analyse, CNRS-USR 059, BP 22, 69390 Vernaison, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Timperio AM, Rinalducci S, Zolla L. Hydrazide derivatives produce active oxygen species as hydrazine. Bioorg Chem 2005; 33:459-69. [PMID: 16260027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that some hydrazines are quite sensitive to oxidation and may serve as the electron donor for the reduction of oxygen, whereas hydrazides are not believed to react directly with oxygen. Data presented in this paper show that both hydrazides and hydrazines share an N-N moiety, which is assumed to react with atmospheric oxygen and produce oxygen radicals, at various degrees of efficiency. Since spectrometric measurements of hydrazide just after solubilization showed that the molecular mass remains constant in the absence of oxygen, we can conclude that hydrazides do not react with the oxygen through a slow spontaneous hydrolytic release of hydrazine. However, hydrazine is more reactive than hydrazide, which requires hours rather than minutes to produce measurable quantities of radical species. Differences were also apparent for various substituted derivatives. The reaction was significantly enhanced by the presence of metal ions. Data reported here demonstrate that hydrazides cause irreversible damage to the prosthetic group of proteins as well as causing degradation of the polypeptide chain into small fragments.
Collapse
|
42
|
Chu PS, Lopez MI. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of protein-bound residues in shrimp dosed with nitrofurans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:8934-9. [PMID: 16277385 DOI: 10.1021/jf051615o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed for the determination of bound residues of the nitrofuran drugs furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin with a sensitivity of 1 ppb in shrimp. In this procedure, shrimp tissue is prewashed with solvents followed by overnight acid hydrolysis, during which the side chains of the bound residues are released and simultaneously derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. After liquid-liquid extraction cleanup, the derivatives are detected and quantitated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. The method was validated using control shrimp fortified with each side-chain analyte at 1, 2, and 4 ppb. Method accuracies were >80% with coefficients of variation of <20% for all four analytes. Tissues from dosed shrimp were assayed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for recovering bound residues of nitrofurans. In shrimp dosed with nitrofurans, nitrofurantoin exhibited the lowest level of bound residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pak-Sin Chu
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cooper KM, Mulder PPJ, van Rhijn JA, Kovacsics L, McCracken RJ, Young PB, Kennedy DG. Depletion of four nitrofuran antibiotics and their tissue-bound metabolites in porcine tissues and determination using LC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 22:406-14. [PMID: 16019811 DOI: 10.1080/02652030512331385218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of the nitrofuran antibiotics furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone and their tissue-bound metabolites AOZ, AMOZ, AHD and SEM from pig muscle, liver and kidney tissues is described. Groups of pigs were given feed medicated with one of the nitrofuran drugs at a therapeutic concentration (400?mg?kg(-1)) for ten days. Animals were slaughtered at intervals and tissue samples collected for analysis for six weeks following withdrawal of medicated feed. These samples were analysed both for parent nitrofurans (using LC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV), and for tissue-bound metabolites (using LC-MS/MS). The parent drugs were detectable only sporadically and only in pigs subjected to no withdrawal period whatsoever. This confirms the instability of the four major nitrofuran antibiotics in edible tissues. In contrast, the metabolites accumulated to high concentrations in tissues (ppm levels) and had depletion half lives of between 5.5 and 15.5 days. The metabolites of all four drugs were still readily detectable in tissues six weeks after cessation of treatment. This emphasizes the benefits of monitoring for the stable metabolites of the nitrofurans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Cooper
- Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vahl M. Analysis of nifursol residues in turkey and chicken meat using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 22:120-7. [PMID: 15824001 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500037670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nifursol (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (5-nitrofurfurylidene) hydrazide) is mainly used as a feed additive for the prevention of blackhead disease in turkeys. The objective of the present work was to establish information on nifursol residues in turkey and chicken meat. The analytical method was based on conversion of nifursol and its metabolites with an intact 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide (DNSH) side chain to the 2-nitrophenyl analogue of nifursol (NPDNSH) by treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Nifuroxazide (salicylic acid (5-nitrofurfurylidene) hydrazide) added as an internal standard was converted to the 2-nitrophenyl analogue NPSH. After the addition of ammonia, proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column and negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was employed using m/z 183 and 226 (daughter ions of the NPDNSH phenolate ion m/z 374) for quantification and m/z 93 (daughter ion of the NPSH phenolate ion m/z 284) as a retention time reference. The decision limit (CCa) and detection capability (CCbeta) of the analytical method were 0.05 and 0.08 microg kg(-1), respectively. In the range 0.5-1 microg kg(-1), the repeatability, within-laboratory reproducibility and trueness were 8, 11 and -1%, respectively. A total of 37 samples of turkey meat and 16 samples of chicken meat were purchased at retail outlets in early spring, summer and winter 2003, and analysed for nifursol residues. No residues were found in the chicken samples, but nine of 18 samples of turkey meat collected in the spring had between 0.05 and 0.6 microg kg(-1) (average 0.25 microg kg(-1)) nifursol residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vahl
- Department of Food Chemistry, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Søborg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
de la Calle MB, Anklam E. Semicarbazide: occurrence in food products and state-of-the-art in analytical methods used for its determination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:968-77. [PMID: 15947918 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the information currently available about the presence of semicarbazide (SEM) in food. Likely sources of SEM in food matrices are summarised and discussed. Detailed information is given about the analytical methods used to determine SEM; features and drawbacks associated with them are carefully evaluated. Performance criteria characterising the analytical methods discussed are also given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz de la Calle
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Diblikova I, Cooper KM, Kennedy DG, Franek M. Monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the quantification of nitrofuran metabolite 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone in tissues using a simplified sample preparation. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Zolla L, Timperio AM. Involvement of active oxygen species in protein and oligonucleotide degradation induced by nitrofurans. Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 83:166-75. [PMID: 15864325 DOI: 10.1139/o05-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of great interest to know how nitrofurans are mutagenic and clastogenic. In particular, the 3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AOZ) ring, deriving from a cleavage of furazolidone, is not further metabolized and has been found to be part of protein-bound residues in edible tissues of farm animals and these might be released in the stomach of the consumer. The data in this paper show that isoniazide as well as AOZ and 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), the latter deriving from furaltadone, cause irreversible damage to the prosthetic group of enzymes as well as degrade their polypeptide chain and cause fragmentation of the backbone chain of cellular or isolated DNA and RNA. Cellular DNA was degraded into small fragments of 2000 Mb, while rRNA was completely destroyed. Nitrofuran derivatives and hydrazides, in fact, share an N–N moiety, which is assumed to play an essential role in the irreversible damage observed. The key to the molecular mechanisms by which these compounds cause their irreversible effects may lie in oxygen consumption and electron spin resonance measurements, which reveal that both nitrofurans and isoniazide produce oxygen radicals at various degrees of efficiency. AOZ and AMOZ are not metabolized into more reactive metabolites, being themselves able to react with atmospheric oxygen and induce protein and oligonucleotide damage. The reaction does not require metal ions, although their presence will accelerate it.Key words: nitrofurans, active oxygen, furazolidone, DNA degradation, protein fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lello Zolla
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mottier P, Khong SP, Gremaud E, Richoz J, Delatour T, Goldmann T, Guy PA. Quantitative determination of four nitrofuran metabolites in meat by isotope dilution liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1067:85-91. [PMID: 15844512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A confirmatory method based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for the low-level determination of residues of four nitrofuran veterinary drugs in meat, e.g., furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurazone. The procedure entails an acid-catalysed release of protein-bound metabolites, followed by their in situ conversion into the 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA) imine-type derivatives. Liquid-liquid extraction and clean-up on a polymeric solid phase extraction cartridge are then performed before LC-MS/MS analysis by positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) applying multiple reaction monitoring of three transition reactions for each compound. Reliable quantitation is obtained by using one deuterated analogue per analyte (d4-NBA derivative) as internal standard (IS). Validation of the method in chicken meat was conducted following the European Union (EU) criteria for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in foods. The decision limits (CCalpha) were 0.11-0.21 microg/kg, and the detection capabilities (CCbeta) 0.19-0.36 microg/kg, thus below the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) set at 1 microg/kg by the EU. The method is robust and suitable for routine quality control operations, and more than 200 sample injections were performed without excessive pollution of the mass spectrometer or loss of LC column performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Mottier
- Department of Quality and Safety Assurance, Nestle Research Centre, Nestec Ltd, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cooper KM, Kennedy DG. Nitrofuran antibiotic metabolites detected at parts per million concentrations in retina of pigs—a new matrix for enhanced monitoring of nitrofuran abuse. Analyst 2005; 130:466-8. [PMID: 15776153 DOI: 10.1039/b418374f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrofuran metabolite residues AOZ, AMOZ, AHD and SEM were detected at parts per million concentrations in retina of pigs fed therapeutic doses of nitrofuran antibiotics. Discovery of this residue depot may allow widespread technology transfer to laboratories lacking LC-MS/MS thus improving global monitoring of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Cooper
- Department of Veterinary Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|