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Mikalsen HK, Bentzen M, Säfvenbom R, Lagestad PA. Trajectories of Physical Activity Among Adolescents in the Transition From Primary to Secondary School. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:85. [PMID: 33345076 PMCID: PMC7739646 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on physical activity (PA) behavior reveals an overall decrease worldwide from early childhood and throughout adulthood. The ability to illuminate which factors promote activity for whom and in which phase of life, therefore, becomes a key concept in extending our understanding of individuals' physical activity trajectories. Accordingly, this study investigates latent trajectories of objectively measured PA in adolescents (n = 306) over 3 years from ages 13 to 15. Further, it was tested whether eagerness for physical activity, perceived athletic competence, and parental support were associated with the different trajectories of PA. Latent class growth analysis revealed two PA trajectories (trajectory 1: "decrease from very high" and trajectory 2: "steeper decrease from high"). Trajectory 1 had a higher PA level at baseline and less PA decline than trajectory 2. Trajectory 1, "decrease from very high," was associated with higher levels of eagerness for physical activity and perception of competence at all three time points. Furthermore, the effect size of differences between trajectory 1, "decrease from very high," and trajectory 2, "steeper decrease from high," increased from baseline (age 13, seventh grade) to posttest (age 15, ninth grade). This finding indicates a stronger experience of PA as enjoyable, personally relevant, and self-confirming behavior (i.e., "I regard myself as a person who exercises") within the most active adolescents and even stronger as they get older. Consistent with previous research, the PA level declined from seventh to ninth grade. Being more eager for PA and perceiving oneself more as athletically competent is related to higher levels of PA. This highlights the importance of optimizing environmental factors that increase adolescents' experience of eagerness for physical activity and physical athletic competence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marte Bentzen
- Department of Teacher Educations and Outdoor Studies, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Säfvenbom
- Department of Teacher Educations and Outdoor Studies, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aril Lagestad
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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Experiences of a Teacher in Relation to the Student's Feelings of Learned Helplessness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218280. [PMID: 33182452 PMCID: PMC7665138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper is based on the concern of a novice physical education teacher to reinforce the self-esteem and motor competence sensations of students during lessons. This concern arises from the experiences gained as a student. I draw on autobiographical narratives to delve into how these experiences led me to develop a feeling of learned incompetence, a sense of failure within the educational system and, consequently, an obvious difficulty to shape my personal and professional identity. However, it is these same experiences that condition professional development and teaching practice. Thus, I attempt to break from pedagogical models and to offer a dignified and democratic education to students. I attempt to engage the reader by communicating the subjectivity of different moments in a provocative, fragmented, physical, and emotional manner. Thus, I share the concerns, reflections, and manner of working, as a teacher, in the form of autobiographical reports and class journals. The intention is to understand how this manner of working responds to the feelings of incompetence learned by school children.
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The Positive Impact and Associated Mechanisms of Physical Activity on Mental Health in Underprivileged Children and Adolescents: An Integrative Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10110171. [PMID: 33171632 PMCID: PMC7695200 DOI: 10.3390/bs10110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Review-based studies are required to consider the different designs and data that describe the association between physical activity and mental health for underprivileged children and adolescents. There is a particular need to identify mechanisms which could explain the association, and factors which influence the association in this population group. (2) Methods: An integrative review with a systematic search was conducted in three stages: (i) a systematic literature search on four databases from inception until May 2020. Studies were eligible if they examined underprivileged children, involved moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and had a focus on at least one outcome measure related to mental health. (ii) Two critical appraisal tools were used to assess quality across different study designs. (iii) Synthesis was undertaken in four stages, examining social, internal and physical outcomes and mechanisms. (3) Results: A total of 16 studies were included (2 qualitative; 12 quantitative and 2 mixed methods). Fifteen (15/16; 93.8%) showed an association between MVPA and a significant improvement in at least one mental health outcome. The most studied outcomes included: internal aspects (n = 14), significant effects were identified in 12/14 studies; social aspects (n = 6), significant effects were identified across all studies and finally physical aspects (n = 5), significant effects were found in 3/5 studies. Autonomy support was identified as a mechanism to explain the change, whilst age and gender influenced the strength of the association. (4) Conclusions: The findings provide confirmation of the link between MVPA and the improved mental health and wellbeing of disadvantaged children and adolescents. Future research must consider the long-term effect through longitudinal studies, along with determining whether any specific types of PA are more impactful than others.
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Coyne P, Vandenborn E, Santarossa S, Milne MM, Milne KJ, Woodruff SJ. Physical literacy improves with the Run Jump Throw Wheel program among students in grades 4-6 in southwestern Ontario. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:645-649. [PMID: 31032623 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the introduction of a fundamental movement skills (FMS) program to grade 4-6 physical education (PE) classes could improve students' physical literacy (PL) and influence the amount of effort exerted in PE class. Athletics Canada's grassroots Run Jump Throw Wheel (RJTW) Program was delivered for 10 weeks during PE classes (2 schools: four grade 4, four grade 5, two grade 6, one split grade 5-6 class, and one split grade 6-7 class, totalling 310 students). Participants completed the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) and wore heart rate monitors and pre- and postintervention. The CAPL score increased 3.3 (±8.8) points from the pretest to the post-test (t = 6.47, p < 0.001). Improvements were not significantly different by grade or gender, but those in the suburban-area school improved more so than those attending the rural-area school (F[1,294] = 4.82, p < 0.004). Among those participants that increased their PL (n = 186), the CAPL scores increased by 8.6 (±5.9) points versus those that decreased (n = 110; -5.6 ± 4.8 points), F[1,294] = 452.11, p < 0.001. No significant differences in time spent in physical activity were observed between the pre- and post-test (i.e., 17.0 ± 7.0 min and 19.3 ± 7.0 min, respectively, t = 1.70, p = 0.091). The RJTW program increased participants' overall FMS, as well as their knowledge and understanding regarding these FMS, both key components of PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Coyne
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sara Santarossa
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcia M Milne
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin J Milne
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah J Woodruff
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Mehdizadeh A, Shafiee M, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Sardar MA, Vatanparast H, Rose E, Rajabzadeh M, Nematy M. Evidence for the Validity of the Children's Attraction to Physical Activity (CAPA) Scale in Iranian Preschool Children. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 44:e52-e57. [PMID: 30414753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The escalating trend of overweight and obesity is a major global health challenge and needs particular attention. There are a number of reasons for this increase, but the dominant one appears to be the pandemic of physical inactivity. It is now clear that children's attraction to physical activity is an important promising factor in children's physical activity involvement. In this study, we aimed to cross-validate the long version of children's attraction to physical activity (CAPA) scale in Iranian preschool children. DESIGN AND METHODS Evidence for the validity of the scale was based on face validity, content validity, and internal consistency. The scale was translated into Persian and underwent forward translation, synthesis of the translation and backward translation. Face and content validity were subsequently assessed on individuals and expert panels. A sample of 30 preschool children (5-6 years of age) were randomly selected from three kindergartens. Children were interviewed by their kindergarten teachers. RESULTS Internal consistency for each of the five subscales of the CAPA scale was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha. The internal consistency was acceptable for most of the subscales when negative statements were excluded from the analyses. CONCLUSIONS The results supported the use of modified version of Persian-language long CAPA scale for Iranian preschool children, with the deletion of negatively worded items. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Health care professionals may use the CAPA when assessing the attraction of children toward physical activity and its potential involvement in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Mehdizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sardar
- Department of General Courses, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Rose
- Institute of Health Research, University of Notre Dame Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kruk M, Zarychta K, Horodyska K, Boberska M, Scholz U, Radtke T, Luszczynska A. From enjoyment to physical activity or from physical activity to enjoyment? Longitudinal associations in parent–child dyads. Psychol Health 2018; 33:1269-1283. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1489049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kruk
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Zarychta
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Horodyska
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Boberska
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theda Radtke
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
- University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The consensus is that physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are independent behaviors, but past findings suggest that they may be influenced by common underlying factors. To clarify this issue, we examined associations between enjoyment of PA and participation in both PA and SB in a large sample of 4th- to 12th-grade US youth. METHODS A total of 18,930 students from 187 schools completed the youth activity profile, a self-report 15-item survey that assesses time spent in PA and SB in school and home settings. Two additional items captured enjoyment of PA and physical education. Two-way (gender × enjoyment and grade × enjoyment) mixed analysis of variances were conducted. RESULTS Pearson correlation results revealed a positive relationship between enjoyment and PA (r = .38, P < .05) and an inverse correlation between enjoyment and SB (r = -.23, P < .05). Statistically significant main effects of enjoyment were found in the 2-way analysis of variance for both PA and SB. The simple main effect from analysis of variance indicated students with high enjoyment of PA reported higher levels of PA and lower levels of SB compared with students reporting moderate or low levels of enjoyment. CONCLUSION The results provide new insights related to the relevance of enjoyment as a common underlying variable influencing both PA and SB across gender and grade levels.
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Bai Y, Chen S, Vazou S, Welk GJ, Schaben J. Mediated Effects of Perceived Competence on Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2015; 86:406-413. [PMID: 26452453 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2015.1087639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates whether physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are influenced by a common mediating relationship. METHOD A total of 1,552 participants in 3rd to 12th grade completed an online survey that included assessments of PA at school (PAS), PA at home (PAH), and SB as well as a battery of psychosocial variables (i.e., attraction to PA and perceived competence). RESULTS Perceived competence had a direct positive effect on PA and a negative effect on SB. These associations were consistently (but partially) mediated by attraction to PA; however, the indirect effect (IE) of perceived competence was stronger for PAH (IE = .27, p < .05) than for PAS (IE = .07, p < .05), or SB (IE = .13, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed some direct effects and IEs of perceived competence on PAS, PAH, and SB through attraction to PA as the mediator. PA and SB may be influenced by some common underlying psychosocial mediators.
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Piran N. New possibilities in the prevention of eating disorders: The introduction of positive body image measures. Body Image 2015; 14:146-57. [PMID: 25886711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Delineating positive psychological processes in inhabiting the body, as well as quantitative measures to assess them, can facilitate progress in the field of prevention of eating disorders by expanding outcome evaluation of prevention interventions, identifying novel mediators of change, and increasing highly needed research into protective factors. Moreover, enhancing positive ways of inhabiting the body may contribute toward the maintenance of gains of prevention interventions. Integrated social etiological models to eating disorders that focus on gender and other social variables, such as the Developmental Theory of Embodiment (Piran & Teall, 2012a), can contribute to positive body image intervention development and research within the prevention field. Using the Developmental Theory of Embodiment as a lens, this article explores whether existing prevention programs (i.e., Cognitive Dissonance and Media Smart) may already work to promote positive body image, and whether prevention programs need to be expanded toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niva Piran
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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An examination of eating behaviors, physical activity, and obesity in african american adolescents: gender, socioeconomic status, and residential status differences. J Pediatr Health Care 2015; 29:243-54. [PMID: 25582548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American adolescents experience higher rates of obesity and have an increased risk of obesity-related diseases than do White American adolescents. Despite culturally sensitive obesity preventive interventions, obesity rates are increasing within the African American adolescent population. Current obesity interventions do not usually address the heterogeneity (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES], gender, and residential status differences) within the African American adolescent community that can affect the efficacy of these interventions. PURPOSE To examine the gender, SES, and residential status differences related to obesity and weight behaviors in African American adolescents. METHODS A descriptive correlational study was conducted with 15- to 17-year-old African American adolescents (n = 145) from community clinics, youth organizations, churches, and social networks in metropolitan and inner-city Detroit. Data were collected through use of survey methods and analyzed with use of descriptive statistics, independent sample t tests, and multiple regression equations. RESULTS Female adolescents consumed foods higher in fat and calories (t = -2.36, p = .019) and had more body fat (t = -9.37, p = .000) than did males. Adolescents of lower SES consumed food higher in fat and calories (t = -2.23, p = .027) and had higher body mass (t = -2.57, p = .011) than did adolescents of higher SES. Inner-city African American adolescents had higher levels of physical activity (t = -2.39, p = .018) and higher body mass (t = 2.24, p = .027) than did suburban African American adolescent counterparts. Gender, SES, and residential status were statistically significant predictors of eating behaviors, physical activity, body mass index, and body fat. CONCLUSIONS The initial findings from the study will assist in better understanding the obesity epidemic that affects African American adolescents in disparate proportions. IMPLICATIONS Further examination of the study variables is essential to serve as a basis for developmentally appropriate and culturally relevant targeted interventions with this population. Health care providers and obesity researchers who work with youth can use the initial findings from this study to advocate for healthy lifestyles while reducing the obesity disparity within the African American adolescent population.
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Measurement and invariance characteristics of psychosocial correlates of youth physical activity. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 18:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tate NH, Davis JE, Yarandi HN. Sociocultural Influences on Weight-Related Behaviors in African American Adolescents. West J Nurs Res 2014; 37:1531-47. [PMID: 24895047 DOI: 10.1177/0193945914537122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the sociocultural factors related to weight behaviors in African American adolescents utilizing a social ecological approach. A descriptive correlational design included a sample of 145 African American adolescents. Perceived familial socialization, ethnic identity, physical activity, and eating behavior patterns were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations, and multiple regression equations. Perceived maternal socialization was significantly related to adolescent eating behaviors and physical activity whereas perceived paternal socialization was significantly related only to their physical activity. The adolescents' ethnic identity was not significantly related to their eating behaviors or physical activity. Health care providers who work with adolescents and their families can use the initial findings from this study to encourage healthy weight-related behaviors while reducing the obesity epidemic within the African American adolescent population in a developmentally appropriate and culturally sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean E Davis
- Barnes Jewish College, Goldfarb School of Nursing, USA
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Seabra AC, Malina RM, Parker M, Seabra A, Brustad R, Maia JA, Fonseca AM. Validation and factorial invariance of children's attraction to physical activity (CAPA) scale in Portugal. Eur J Sport Sci 2013; 14:384-91. [PMID: 23957906 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2013.828777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Children's Attraction to Physical Activity (CAPA) scale assesses interest in and attraction to the physical activity (PA) of children of elementary school age. The original (25 items) and shorter versions (15 items) of the scale were developed and validated with American children. The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the shorter version of the CAPA scale for use with Portuguese schoolchildren and to examine the invariance of the multidimensional factor structure of the scale in two samples. The sample comprised 683 children (7-10 years) from public primary schools. The sample was divided into calibration and cross-validation samples. The scale was translated into Portuguese and underwent forward translation, synthesis of the translation and backward translation and was then subjected to expert committee review, pretest and reliability assessment. Internal consistency for each of the five subscales within the a priori 5-factor structure of the CAPA scale was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha, followed by a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) for both the calibration and cross-validation samples. The maximum likelihood robust estimation method was used. The CFA demonstrated that a 5-factor structural model of the Portuguese translation of the CAPA scale was invariant. The construct analysed had the same basic meaning and structural and item differences within the two samples. The results indicated that the CAPA scale is appropriate for use with Portuguese schoolchildren. The availability of a valid and reliable scale should enhance opportunities for further understanding of children's involvement in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Seabra
- a Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Ullrich-French S, McDonough MH. Correlates of long-term participation in a physical activity-based positive youth development program for low-income youth: Sustained involvement and psychosocial outcomes. J Adolesc 2013; 36:279-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wang J, Liu W, Bian W. Relationship between Perceived and Actual Motor Competence among College Students. Percept Mot Skills 2013; 116:272-9. [DOI: 10.2466/25.06.pms.116.1.272-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between perceived and actual motor competence was examined among college students. Participants were 114 college students (55 men, 59 women; M age = 22.3 yr., SD = 3.9). All participants completed a short survey on perception of motor competence in basketball and took a Control Basketball Dribble Test to assess their actual motor skill. Perceived motor competence in basketball was significantly related to basketball dribbling performance. Given the positive relationship between actual motor competence and perceived competence, enhancing an individual's actual motor competence may contribute to their perceived competence, which may improve an individual's physical activity participation.
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Seabra AC, Seabra AF, Mendonça DM, Brustad R, Maia JA, Fonseca AM, Malina RM. Psychosocial correlates of physical activity in school children aged 8-10 years. Eur J Public Health 2012; 23:794-8. [PMID: 23109663 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cks149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding correlates of physical activity (PA) among children in different populations may contribute to fostering active lifestyles. This study considered gender differences in relationships between biologic (body mass index, BMI), demographic (socioeconomic sport status, SES) and psychosocial correlates of PA and level of PA in Portuguese primary school children. METHODS 683 children, aged 8-10 years, from 20 different elementary schools in northern Portugal were surveyed. Weight status was classified using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria for the BMI. Family SES was estimated from school records. PA level and psychosocial correlates (attraction to PA, perceived physical competence and parental socialization) were obtained with interview and standardized questionnaires, respectively. Sex-specific hierarchical multiple regression analyses (SPSS 18.0) were conducted and included two blocks of predictor variables (biologic and demographic, and psychosocial). RESULTS Level of PA was significantly higher in boys than girls. Enjoyment of participation in vigorous PA was positively associated with level of PA. Perceived acceptance by peers in games and sports and parental encouragement were positively and significantly related to PA in girls. Perceived physical competence was positively and significantly related to PA in boys. Weight status and SES were not associated with PA. CONCLUSIONS Boys and girls differed in perceived attractiveness of PA and perceived physical competence, both of which influenced level of PA. Differences in perceptions may be important aspects of motivation for PA in school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Seabra
- 1 Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
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Ullrich-French S, McDonough MH, Smith AL. Social connection and psychological outcomes in a physical activity-based youth development setting. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2012; 83:431-441. [PMID: 22978193 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2012.10599878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that the social connections formed by participating in physical activity-based positive youth development (PYD) programs contributes to building personal and social assets. In this study, we examined how changes in social connection over a physical activity-based PYD program for low-income youth were associated with changes in psychological outcomes. Participants (N = 197) completed pre- and postprogram questionnaires assessing leader support, social competence, physical competence, and psychological outcomes (global self-worth, physical self-worth, attraction to physical activity, and hope). Social competence, physical competence, physical self-worth, and global self-worth increased significantly over the 4-week program. Changes in social connections predicted changes in psychological outcomes. Effect sizes were modest but suggest that social interventions hold potential to promote positive outcomes in underserved youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ullrich-French
- Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164-1410, USA.
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Heitzler CD, Lytle LA, Erickson DJ, Barr-Anderson D, Sirard JR, Story M. Evaluating a model of youth physical activity. Am J Health Behav 2010; 34:593-606. [PMID: 20524889 PMCID: PMC3086379 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.34.5.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between social influences, self-efficacy, enjoyment, and barriers and physical activity. METHODS Structural equation modeling examined relationships between parent and peer support, parent physical activity, individual perceptions, and objectively measured physical activity using accelerometers among a sample of youth aged 10-17 years (N = 720). RESULTS Peer support, parent physical activity, and perceived barriers were directly related to youth activity. The proposed model accounted for 14.7% of the variance in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate a need to further explore additional individual, social, and environmental factors that may influence youth's regular participation in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie D Heitzler
- University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, 1300 S Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Scrabis-Fletcher K, Silverman S. Perception of competence in middle school physical education: instrument development and validation. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2010; 81:52-61. [PMID: 20387398 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2010.10599627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Perception of Competence (POC) has been studied extensively in physical activity (PA) research with similar instruments adapted for physical education (PE) research. Such instruments do not account for the unique PE learning environment. Therefore, an instrument was developed and the scores validated to measure POC in middle school PE. A multiphase design was used consisting of an intensive theoretical review, elicitation study, prepilot study, pilot study, content validation study, and final validation study (N=1281). Data analysis included a multistep iterative process to identify the best model fit. A three-factor model for POC was tested and resulted in root mean square error of approximation = .09, root mean square residual = .07, goodness offit index = .90, and adjusted goodness offit index = .86 values in the acceptable range (Hu & Bentler, 1999). A two-factor model was also tested and resulted in a good fit (two-factor fit indexes values = .05, .03, .98, .97, respectively). The results of this study suggest that an instrument using a three- or two-factor model provides reliable and valid scores ofPOC measurement in middle school PE.
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류민정. Hierarchical Physical Competence Structure in Physical Education Class: Scale Validation and Structure Model Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2008.19.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Joens-Matre RR, Welk GJ, Calabro MA, Russell DW, Nicklay E, Hensley LD. Rural-urban differences in physical activity, physical fitness, and overweight prevalence of children. J Rural Health 2008; 24:49-54. [PMID: 18257870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The increasing prevalence of overweight in youth has been well chronicled, but less is known about the unique patterns and risks that may exist in rural and urban environments. A better understanding of possible rural-urban differences in physical activity profiles may facilitate the development of more targeted physical activity interventions. METHODS Participants (1,687 boys; 1,729 girls) were recruited from fourth, fifth, and sixth grade classes in schools from urban areas, small cities, and rural areas. Multilevel modeling analysis was used to examine rural-urban differences in physical activity and prevalence of overweight. Physical activity was assessed by self-report and body mass index was calculated from measured height and weight. FINDINGS Prevalence of overweight was higher among rural children (25%; P<.001) than children from urban areas (19%) and small cities (17%). Urban children were the least active overall (Cohens' d=-0.4), particularly around lunchtime while at school (d=-0.9 to -1.1). Children from small cities reported the highest levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest there are rural-urban differences in children's prevalence of overweight and physical activity even within a fairly homogenous Midwestern state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane R Joens-Matre
- Des Moines University Master of Public Health Program, Des Moines University-Osteopathic Medical Center, Des Moines, Iowa 50312, USA.
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