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Babir FJ, Riddell MC, Adamo LM, Richards DL, Gibala MJ. The effect of bodyweight exercise on 24-h glycemic responses determined by continuous glucose monitoring in healthy inactive adults: a randomized crossover study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20884. [PMID: 38017140 PMCID: PMC10684602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vigorous intermittent exercise can improve indices of glycemia in the 24 h postexercise period in apparently healthy individuals. We examined the effect of a single session of bodyweight exercise (BWE) on glycemic responses using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) under controlled dietary conditions. Healthy inactive adults (n = 27; 8 males, 19 females; age: 23 ± 3 years) completed 2 virtually supervised trials spaced ~ 1 week apart in a randomized, crossover manner. The trials involved an 11-min BWE protocol that consisted of 5 × 1-min bouts performed at a self-selected pace interspersed with 1-min active recovery periods or a non-exercise sitting control period (CON). Mean heart rate during the BWE protocol was 147 ± 14 beats per min (75% of age-predicted maximum). Mean 24 h glucose after BWE and CON was not different (5.0 ± 0.4 vs 5.0 ± 0.5 mM respectively; p = 0.39). There were also no differences between conditions for measures of glycemic variability or the postprandial glucose responses after ingestion of a 75 g glucose drink or lunch, dinner, and breakfast meals. This study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting a remotely supervised BWE intervention using CGM under free-living conditions. Future studies should investigate the effect of repeated sessions of BWE training or responses in people with impaired glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Babir
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Larissa M Adamo
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Douglas L Richards
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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2
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Kang J, Fardman BM, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA. Efficacy of Postprandial Exercise in Mitigating Glycemic Responses in Overweight Individuals and Individuals with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4489. [PMID: 37892564 PMCID: PMC10610082 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the acute effect of postprandial exercise (PPE) on glucose responses exhibit significant heterogeneity in terms of participant demographic, exercise protocol, and exercise timing post-meal. As such, this study aimed to further analyze the existing literature on the impact of PPE on glycemic control in overweight individuals and individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A literature search was conducted through databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Thirty-one original research studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to compare postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC) and 24 h mean glucose levels between PPE and the time-matched no-exercise control (CON). Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore whether the glucose-lowering effect of PPE could be influenced by exercise duration, exercise timing post-meal, and the disease status of participants. This study revealed a significantly reduced glucose AUC (Hedges' g = -0.317; SE = 0.057; p < 0.05) and 24 h mean glucose levels (Hedges' g = -0.328; SE = 0.062; p < 0.05) following PPE compared to CON. The reduction in glucose AUC was greater (p < 0.05) following PPE lasting >30 min compared to ≤30 min. The reduction in 24 h mean glucose levels was also greater (p < 0.05) following PPE for ≥60 min compared to <60 min post-meal and in those with T2DM compared to those without T2DM. PPE offers a viable approach for glucose management and can be performed in various forms so long as exercise duration is sufficient. The glucose-lowering effect of PPE may be further enhanced by initiating it after the first hour post-meal. PPE is a promising strategy, particularly for patients with T2DM. This manuscript is registered with Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1693).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Brian M. Fardman
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA;
| | - Nicholas A. Ratamess
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Jill A. Bush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
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3
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Jabardo-Camprubí G, Puig-Ribera A, Donat-Roca R, Farrés-Godayol P, Nazar-Gonzalez S, Sitjà-Rabert M, Espelt A, Bort-Roig J. Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Primary Care Socio-Ecological Approach to Improve Physical Activity Adherence among People with Type 2 Diabetes: The SENWI Project. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1815. [PMID: 37444649 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining an active lifestyle is a key health behavior in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a socio-ecological Nordic walking intervention (SENWI) to enhance healthy behaviors in primary healthcare settings. Participants included individuals with T2D (n = 33; age 70 (95% CI 69-74)) and healthcare professionals (HCPs, n = 3). T2D participants were randomly assigned to a SENWI, active comparator, or control group for twelve weeks. Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated based on a mixed methodology. Quantitative data reported adherence information, differences between follow-up and dropout participants and pre- and post-intervention on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health outcomes. Qualitative data acquisition was performed using focus groups and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Thirty-three T2D invited participants were recruited, and twenty-two (66.7%) provided post-intervention data. The SENWI was deemed acceptable and feasible, but participants highlighted the need to improve options, group schedules, gender inequities, and the intervention's expiration date. Healthcare professionals expressed a lack of institutional support and resources. Nevertheless, no significant difference between the SENWI follow-up and dropout participants or pre- and post- intervention was found (only between the active comparator and control group in the physical quality of life domain). Implementing the SENWI in primary healthcare settings is feasible and acceptable in real-world conditions. However, a larger sample is needed to assess the program's effectiveness in improving healthy behaviors and its impact on health-related outcomes in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Jabardo-Camprubí
- Faculty of Health Science at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Av. Universitaria 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC), Ctra. De Roda Núm. 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC), Ctra. De Roda Núm. 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Rafel Donat-Roca
- Sport Exercise and Human Movement (SEaMH), Faculty of Health Science at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Av. Universitaria 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain
| | - Pau Farrés-Godayol
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Sagrada Familia 7, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Sebastian Nazar-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science Blanquerna, Ramon Llul University, Padilla, 326-332, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Sitjà-Rabert
- Faculty of Health Science Blanquerna, Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Faculty of Health Science at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Av. Universitaria 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Spain
- Departament de Psicologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER de Epidemiologia i Salud Pública, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC), Ctra. De Roda Núm. 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
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Stern G, Psycharakis SG, Phillips SM. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Functional Movement in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 36641767 PMCID: PMC9840985 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preserving physiological functional capacity (PFC), the ability to perform the activities of daily life, and the ease with which they can be performed, in older adults, defined for this study as ≥ 50 years of age, is an important consideration for maintaining health and independence through the ageing process. Physical activity, and exercise training in particular, has been positively associated with improvement in PFC. In addition to improving aerobic and anaerobic capacity, promoting and preserving functional movement as a component of PFC is an important goal of physical activity, especially for older adults. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), an exercise protocol where repeated bouts of increased intensity are interspersed with active or passive recovery periods, has often been studied as an alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) exercise, where a continuous intensity is maintained throughout the exercise session. A large body of research has determined that both types of exercise programme are effective in improving measures of aerobic and anaerobic fitness in older adults. However, the effect of the two exercise modalities on functional movement has most often been a secondary outcome, with a range of observational techniques applied for measurement. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this research is to systematically review and meta-analyse published studies of HIIT interventions that measured functional movement in older adults to conclude if HIIT is effective for improving functional movement. A secondary objective is to determine if there are significant differences between HIIT and MICT effect on functional movement. METHODS A search strategy of terms locating studies of HIIT interventions, functional movement outcome measures, and older adult population samples was executed on seven digital databases. Randomized and pair-matched trials of > 2 weeks were considered for inclusion. Studies of participants with neurological impairment or studies using combined exercise modality were rejected. Standardized mean difference for functional movement outcome measures was calculated. A meta-analysis of the included studies and subgroups was performed along with study quality (risk of bias and publication bias) evaluation. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in random effects model pooled analysis. Subgroup analysis of HIIT versus MICT on functional movement showed a trivial effect in favour of HIIT (ES 0.13, 95% CI [-0.06, 0.33] p = 0.18) and did not achieve statistical significance. However, HIIT showed a medium, statistically significant favourable effect on functional movement versus non-intervention control (ES = 0.60 95% CI [0.24, 0.95] p = 0.001). Further subgroups analysis using singular and multiple functional movement outcome measures showed similar results. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that HIIT interventions in older adults may be effective at promoting improvements in functional movement, though it is unclear whether HIIT is superior to MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Stern
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Human Performance Science Research Group, Moray House School of Education & Sport, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland ,Sport & Exercise Physiology, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Stelios G. Psycharakis
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Biomechanics, Moray House School of Education & Sport, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Shaun M. Phillips
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The University of Edinburgh, St Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK ,Sport & Exercise Physiology, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Changes in Physical Activity and Health Indicators among Koreans during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison between 2019 and 2020. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122549. [PMID: 36554071 PMCID: PMC9777855 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the changes in physical activity (PA), chronic disease, and mental health indicators of Koreans before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, using raw data from more than 400,000 representative samples from the 2019-2020 Community Health Survey by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and to explore the correlations among them. We used two-way ANOVA to analyze changes and differences in PA and obesity levels. We assessed the influence of gender and recurrent PA using chi-square tests for mental health status and chronic disease. Finally, we performed a correlation analysis to determine the relationships among PA days, mental health, and chronic disease. The results showed that, compared to the levels before the COVID-19 period, moderate-intensity (Days: 1.415~1.217; Time: 114.688~107.321) and high-intensity (Days: 0.798~0.671; Time: 112.866~106.110) PA significantly decreased in Koreans during the COVID-19 period, while low-intensity (Time: 60.305~61.735) PA increased. Before and during the COVID-19 period, men (18,436 (8.1%)~16,124 (7.0%)) performed PA more regularly than women (13,207 (5.8%)~9382 (4.1%)). Compared to the number of regular PA participants before the COVID-19 period, regular PA participants (male, female) decreased from 31,643 (13.8%) to 25,506 (11.1%) during the COVID-19 period. Compared with the levels before the COVID-19 period, the experience rates of stress (3.1%~2.6%), depression (0.8%~0.6%), HBP (3.0%~2.2%), and diabetes (1.2%~0.9%) significantly changed under different levels of conventional PA intervention. In addition, the obesity rate during the COVID-19 period (23.957) was higher than it was before COVID-19 (23.477). During the COVID-19 period, the PA of Koreans was greatly restricted, but low-intensity PA was maintained and increased. PA is an effective activity for maintaining mental health and for preventing and reducing chronic diseases. Recommendations for appropriate intensity or a combination of high-, moderate-, and low-intensity PA should be based on the health status of Koreans to help them maintain mental health and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases during COVID-19 social distancing.
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6
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Aqeel M, Forster A, Richards EA, Hennessy E, McGowan B, Bhadra A, Guo J, Gelfand S, Delp E, Eicher-Miller HA. The Effect of Timing of Exercise and Eating on Postprandial Response in Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010221. [PMID: 31952250 PMCID: PMC7019516 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern. Management of this condition has focused on behavior modification through diet and exercise interventions. A growing body of evidence has focused on temporality of dietary intake and exercise and potential effects on health. This review summarizes current literature that investigates the question "how does the timing of exercise relative to eating throughout the day effect postprandial response in adults?" Databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched between March-May 2019. Experimental studies conducted in healthy adults (≥18 y) and those with type 2 diabetes were included. Full texts were examined by at least two independent reviewers. Twenty studies with a total of 352 participants met the inclusion criteria. The primary finding supports that exercise performed post-meal regardless of time of day had a beneficial impact on postprandial glycemia. There was insufficient evidence regarding whether timing of exercise performed pre- vs. post-meal or vice versa in a day is related to improved postprandial glycemic response due to inherent differences between studies. Future studies focusing on the investigation of timing and occurrence of meal intake and exercise throughout the day are needed to inform whether there is, and what is, an optimal time for these behaviors regarding long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marah Aqeel
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Anna Forster
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.F.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Richards
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.F.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Bethany McGowan
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Anindya Bhadra
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.G.); (S.G.); (E.D.)
| | - Saul Gelfand
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.G.); (S.G.); (E.D.)
| | - Edward Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.G.); (S.G.); (E.D.)
| | - Heather A. Eicher-Miller
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-6815; Fax: +1-765-494-0906
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Sperlich B, De Clerck I, Zinner C, Holmberg HC, Wallmann-Sperlich B. Prolonged Sitting Interrupted by 6-Min of High-Intensity Exercise: Circulatory, Metabolic, Hormonal, Thermal, Cognitive, and Perceptual Responses. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1279. [PMID: 30386249 PMCID: PMC6198043 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to examine certain aspects of circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermoregulatory, cognitive, and perceptual responses while sitting following a brief session of high-intensity interval exercise. Twelve students (five men; age, 22 ± 2 years) performed two trials involving either simply sitting for 180 min (SIT) or sitting for this same period with a 6-min session of high-intensity exercise after 60 min (SIT+HIIT). At T0 (after 30 min of resting), T1 (after a 20-min breakfast), T2 (after sitting for 1 h), T3 (immediately after the HIIT), T4, T5, T6, and T7 (30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the HIIT), circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermoregulatory, cognitive, and perceptual responses were assessed. The blood lactate concentration (at T3-T5), heart rate (at T3-T6), oxygen uptake (at T3-T7), respiratory exchange ratio, and sensations of heat (T3-T5), sweating (T3, T4) and odor (T3), as well as perception of vigor (T3-T6), were higher and the respiratory exchange ratio (T4-T7) and mean body and skin temperatures (T3) lower in the SIT+HIIT than the SIT trial. Levels of blood glucose and salivary cortisol, cerebral oxygenation, and feelings of anxiety/depression, fatigue or hostility, as well as the variables of cognitive function assessed by the Stroop test did not differ between SIT and SIT+HIIT. In conclusion, interruption of prolonged sitting with a 6-min session of HIIT induced more pronounced circulatory and metabolic responses and improved certain aspects of perception, without affecting selected hormonal, thermoregulatory or cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Zinner
- Department of Sport, University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Meßler CF, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B. Multimodal Therapy Involving High-Intensity Interval Training Improves the Physical Fitness, Motor Skills, Social Behavior, and Quality of Life of Boys With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:806-812. [PMID: 27013028 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716636936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of multimodal therapy including supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with those of standard multimodal therapy (TRAD) concerning key variables of physical fitness (peak power and oxygen uptake), motor skills, social behavior, and quality of life in boys with ADHD. METHOD A single-center, two-arm randomized, controlled design was used, with 28 boys (8-13 years of age, IQ = 83-136) being randomly assigned to multimodal HIIT (three sessions/week, 4 × 4-min intervals at 95% of peak heart rate) or TRAD. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children II evaluated motor skills and the German version of the hyperkinetic disorder questionnaire for external evaluation by the guardians (FBB-HKS) or German version of the hyperkinetic disorder questionnaire for self-assessment by the children (SBB-HKS) and the KINDL-R questionnaires mental health and health-related quality of life. RESULTS Both interventions enhanced peak power, and HIIT also reduced submaximal oxygen uptake. HIIT was more effective than TRAD in improving the total score for motor skills (including manual dexterity and ball skills; p < .05), self-esteem, friends, and competence ( p < .05) and, moreover, improved subjective ratings of attention. CONCLUSION Three weeks of multimodal therapy including HIIT improved physical fitness, motor skills, certain aspects of quality of life, competence, and attention in boys with ADHD.
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9
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Sperlich B, Hahn LS, Edel A, Behr T, Helmprobst J, Leppich R, Wallmann-Sperlich B, Holmberg HC. A 4-Week Intervention Involving Mobile-Based Daily 6-Minute Micro-Sessions of Functional High-Intensity Circuit Training Improves Strength and Quality of Life, but Not Cardio-Respiratory Fitness of Young Untrained Adults. Front Physiol 2018; 9:423. [PMID: 29867519 PMCID: PMC5954292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the psycho-physiological responses of physically untrained individuals to mobile-based multi-stimulating, circuit-like, multiple-joint conditioning (CircuitHIIT) performed either once (1xCircuitHIIT) or twice (2xCircuitHIIT) daily for 4 weeks. In this single-center, two-arm randomized, controlled study, 24 men and women (age: 25 ± 5 years) first received no training instructions for 4 weeks and then performed 4 weeks of either 1xCircuitHIIT or 2xCircuitHIIT (5 men and 7 women in each group) daily. The 1xCircuitHIIT and 2xCircuitHIIT participants carried out 90.7 and 85.7% of all planned training sessions, respectively, with average heart rates during the 6-min sessions of 74.3 and 70.8% of maximal heart rate. Body, fat and fat-free mass, and metabolic rate at rest did not differ between the groups or between time-points of measurement. Heart rate while running at 6 km⋅h-1 declined after the intervention in both groups. Submaximal and peak oxygen uptake, the respiratory exchange ratio and heart rate recovery were not altered by either intervention. The maximal numbers of push-ups, leg-levers, burpees, 45°-one-legged squats and 30-s skipping, as well as perception of general health improved in both groups. Our 1xCircuitHIIT or 2xCircuitHIIT interventions improved certain parameters of functional strength and certain dimensions of quality of life in young untrained individuals. However, they were not sufficient to enhance cardio-respiratory fitness, in particular peak oxygen uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea-Sofie Hahn
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Edel
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tino Behr
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Helmprobst
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Leppich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- The Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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10
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Skoradal MB, Weihe P, Patursson P, Mortensen J, Connolly L, Krustrup P, Mohr M. Football training improves metabolic and cardiovascular health status in 55- to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28 Suppl 1:42-51. [PMID: 29718556 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of 16 weeks of football training and dietary advice on blood glucose control and health status in 55- to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes. Fifty participants with prediabetes (age; 61 ± 6 years, BMI; 29.6 ± 4.7; VO2max 22.3 ± 5.7 mL·min-1 ·kg-1 ) were randomized into a football and dietary advice group (F+D; n = 27) and a dietary advice group (D; n = 23). F+D performed football training (twice weekly 30- to 60-minutes sessions) and received dietary advice, while D only received dietary advice. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was completed pre and post the 16-week period. Body composition, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ) were additionally measured. Both groups demonstrated a decrement (P < .05) in fasting blood glucose (-0.4 ± 0.5 mmol·L-1 ) and lowered blood glucose throughout OGTT. F+D displayed lower values than D (P < .05) after 60 minutes (9.0 ± 2.7 vs 10.6 ± 2.9 mmol·L-1 ) and 120 minutes (5.7 ± 1.6 vs 7.5 ± 2.4 mmol·L-1 ). VO2max increased by 14% in F+D, with a higher (P < .05) change score than in D (2%). Mean arterial pressure declined more (P < .05) in F+D than in D (-8 ± 9 vs -4 ± 11 mm Hg). Fat loss was greater (P < .05) in F+D than in D (-3.4 ± 2.8 vs -1.2 ± 2.0 kg), and the increase in lean body mass was also greater (P < .05) in F+D than in D (0.7 ± 1.5 vs -0.3 ± 1.6 kg). In conclusion, football training combined with dietary advice has broad-spectrum effects on metabolic and cardiovascular health profile with greater overall effects than professional dietary advice per se for 55- to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-B Skoradal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - P Weihe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - P Patursson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Medicine, The Faroese National Hospital, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - J Mortensen
- Department of Medicine, The Faroese National Hospital, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Connolly
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - P Krustrup
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Mohr
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Center for Health and Human Performance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Khammassi M, Ouerghi N, Hadj-Taieb S, Feki M, Thivel D, Bouassida A. Impact of a 12-week high-intensity interval training without caloric restriction on body composition and lipid profile in sedentary healthy overweight/obese youth. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:118-125. [PMID: 29511662 PMCID: PMC5833956 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1835124.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown its effectiveness in improving body composition, cardio-respiratory fitness and lipid profile in obese adults, evidences remain limited in overweight/obese youth. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a 12-week HIIT program without caloric restriction on body composition and lipid profile among young overweight/obese men. Twenty healthy obese youth were randomly allocated into two groups; experimental group (HIIT) and control group. The HIIT program consisted in 3 exercises sessions per week (30 sec of work at 100% maximal aerobic velocity [MAV]) interspersed by 30 sec of active recovery at 50% MAV, starting by 15 repetitions to reach 27 by the end of the program. Aerobic capacity (MAV and maximum oxygen uptake [VO2max]), body composition (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and fat mass percent) and lipid profile (triglycerides [TG] and total, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol) were determined before and after the HIIT program. Following 12 weeks of HIIT, WC, BMI (P<0.01), and fat mass percent (P<0.05) were significantly decreased. MAV and VO2max were significantly improved in the HIIT group, only. Total cholesterol (P<0.05) and TG (P<0.05) decreased significantly in the HIIT group, while LDL and HDL cholesterol levels remained unchanged in both groups. HIIT may be particularly useful in overweight/obese youth to improve body composition, aerobic fitness and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Khammassi
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.,Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Cedex, France.,University of Carthage, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.,Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Hadj-Taieb
- Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David Thivel
- Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Cedex, France
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
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12
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Engel FA, Wagner M, Roth A, Scharenberg S, Bossmann T, Woll A, Sperlich B. Hochintensives Intervalltraining im Sportunterricht. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-018-0492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Krustrup P, Helge EW, Hansen PR, Aagaard P, Hagman M, Randers MB, de Sousa M, Mohr M. Effects of recreational football on women's fitness and health: adaptations and mechanisms. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:11-32. [PMID: 29164325 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The review describes the fitness and health effects of recreational football in women aged 18-65 years. The review documents that 2 × 1 h of recreational football training for 12-16 weeks causes marked improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (5-15%) and myocardial function in women. Moreover, mean arterial blood pressure was shown to decrease by 2-5 mmHg in normotensive women and 6-8 mmHg in hypertensive women. This review also show that short-term (< 4 months) and medium-term (4-16 months) recreational football training has major beneficial impact on metabolic health profile in women, with fat losses of 1-3 kg and improvements in blood lipid profile. Lastly, 2 × 1 h per week of recreational football training for women elevates lower extremity bone mineralisation by 1-5% and whole-body bone mineralization by 1-2% within 4-12-month interventions. These training adaptations are related to the high heart rates, high number of fast runs, and multiple changes of direction and speed occurring during recreational football training for untrained women. In conclusion, regular small-sided football training for women is an intense and versatile type of training that combines elements of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), endurance training and strength training, thereby providing optimal stimuli for cardiovascular, metabolic and musculoskeletal fitness. Recreational football, therefore, seems to be an effective tool for prevention and treatment of lifestyle diseases in young and middle-aged women, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes and osteopenia. Future research should elucidate effects of football training for elderly women, and as treatment and rehabilitation of breast cancer patients and other women patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark. .,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Eva Wulff Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter R Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Hagman
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maysa de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-18, Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 3450, Odense, Denmark.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Center of Health and Human Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Francois ME, Gillen JB, Little JP. Carbohydrate-Restriction with High-Intensity Interval Training: An Optimal Combination for Treating Metabolic Diseases? Front Nutr 2017; 4:49. [PMID: 29075629 PMCID: PMC5643422 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions incorporating both diet and exercise strategies remain cornerstone therapies for treating metabolic disease. Carbohydrate-restriction and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have independently been shown to improve cardiovascular and metabolic health. Carbohydrate-restriction reduces postprandial hyperglycemia, thereby limiting potential deleterious metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of excessive glucose excursions. Additionally, carbohydrate-restriction has been shown to improve body composition and blood lipids. The benefits of exercise for improving insulin sensitivity are well known. In this regard, HIIT has been shown to rapidly improve glucose control, endothelial function, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Here, we report the available evidence for each strategy and speculate that the combination of carbohydrate-restriction and HIIT will synergistically maximize the benefits of both approaches. We hypothesize that this lifestyle strategy represents an optimal intervention to treat metabolic disease; however, further research is warranted in order to harness the potential benefits of carbohydrate-restriction and HIIT for improving cardiometabolic health.
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15
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Færch K, Amadid H, Nielsen LB, Ried-Larsen M, Karstoft K, Persson F, Jørgensen ME. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the effect of dapagliflozin, metformin and exercise on glycaemic variability, body composition and cardiovascular risk in prediabetes (the PRE-D Trial). BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013802. [PMID: 28592573 PMCID: PMC5734208 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of three short-term glucose-lowering interventions (exercise, metformin and dapagliflozin) on glycaemic variability in overweight or obese men and women with elevated diabetes risk (ie, prediabetes, defined as haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)39-47 mmol/mol / 5.7%-6.4%). The secondary aims are to investigate the effects of the interventions on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Pre-D Trial is an investigator-initiated, randomised, controlled, parallel, open-label, superiority trial. The study aims to assign 120 participants in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive one of four interventions for 13 weeks: (1) dapagliflozin (10 mg once daily); (2) metformin (850 mg twice daily); (3) exercise (interval training, 5 days a week, 30 min per session); or (4) control (lifestyle advice). After the 13 weeks of intervention, a follow-up period of 13 weeks will follow to study the long-term effects of the interventions. The primary endpoint is reduction from baseline to end-of treatment (13 weeks) in mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions measured by continuous glucose monitoring. The secondary endpoints include concomitant changes in various measures of glucose metabolism, body weight, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, plasma lipids, objectively measured physical activity and dietary intake. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region and the Danish Medicines Agency. Approval of data and biobank storage has been obtained from the Danish Data Protection Board. The study will be carried out according to the Declaration of Helsinki and to the regulations for good clinical practice. The results from this trial will allow a number of research questions concerning the effect of exercise versus dapagliflozin or metformin in HbA1c-defined prediabetes to be addressed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02695810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Færch
- Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Hanan Amadid
- Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marit Eika Jørgensen
- Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, Southern Denmark University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Sperlich B, Wallmann-Sperlich B, Zinner C, Von Stauffenberg V, Losert H, Holmberg HC. Functional High-Intensity Circuit Training Improves Body Composition, Peak Oxygen Uptake, Strength, and Alters Certain Dimensions of Quality of Life in Overweight Women. Front Physiol 2017; 8:172. [PMID: 28420999 PMCID: PMC5376588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of circuit-like functional high-intensity training (CircuitHIIT) alone or in combination with high-volume low-intensity exercise (Circuitcombined) on selected cardio-respiratory and metabolic parameters, body composition, functional strength and the quality of life of overweight women were compared. In this single-center, two-armed randomized, controlled study, overweight women performed 9-weeks (3 sessions·wk−1) of either CircuitHIIT (n = 11), or Circuitcombined (n = 8). Peak oxygen uptake and perception of physical pain were increased to a greater extent (p < 0.05) by CircuitHIIT, whereas Circuitcombined improved perception of general health more (p < 0.05). Both interventions lowered body mass, body-mass-index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and enhanced fat-free mass; decreased ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal treadmill running; improved the numbers of push-ups, burpees, one-legged squats, and 30-s skipping performed, as well as the height of counter-movement jumps; and improved physical and social functioning, role of physical limitations, vitality, role of emotional limitations, and mental health to a similar extent (all p < 0.05). Either forms of these multi-stimulating, circuit-like, multiple-joint training can be employed to improve body composition, selected variables of functional strength, and certain dimensions of quality of life in overweight women. However, CircuitHIIT improves peak oxygen uptake to a greater extent, but with more perception of pain, whereas Circuitcombined results in better perception of general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich
- Institute of Sport Science, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany.,Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Zinner
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Von Stauffenberg
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Helena Losert
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- School of Kinesiology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Sport Sciences, University of Tromsø-Arctic University of NorwayTromsø, Norway
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17
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Erickson ML, Jenkins NT, McCully KK. Exercise after You Eat: Hitting the Postprandial Glucose Target. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:228. [PMID: 28974942 PMCID: PMC5610683 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss a novel hypothesis: the effect size of postmeal exercise for attenuating postprandial glucose will be a function of the exercise bout vs. the size of the postprandial glucose response, specifically peak and duration of the postprandial glucose excursion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Erickson
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Melissa L. Erickson,
| | - Nathan T. Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kevin K. McCully
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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18
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Rocha RERD, Nunes EA, Venera GD, Fernandes LC. INTERVAL TRAINING IS INSUFFICIENT TO ATTENUATE METABOLIC DISTURBANCES IN DIABETIC RATS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162205154777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is a metabolic disease associated to blood disturbances and disorder of the innate immune system functionality. Objective: This study investigated the effect of two weeks interval training on blood biochemistry and immunological parameters in rats with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sedentary (SE, n = 10), diabetic sedentary (DI, n = 10), diabetic interval training (DIT, n = 10). IV injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) induced diabetes. Interval training consisted of swimming exercise for 30 seconds with 30 seconds of rest for 30 minutes three times a week during two weeks, with an overload of 15% of the total body mass. The evaluations performed were fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations, phagocytic capacity, cationic vesicles content, superoxide anion, and production of hydrogen peroxide of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages. Results: The results showed that two weeks interval training did not attenuate the hyperglycemic state at rest and did not decrease blood lipids in the DIT group. Diabetes increased the functionality of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages in the DI group. Interval training increased the content of cationic vesicles and the phagocytic capacity of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages in the DIT group. Conclusion: It was found that two weeks of interval training increased the functionality parameters of innate immune cells, although this has been insufficient to attenuate the biochemical disorders caused by diabetes.
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19
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Schmitt J, Lindner N, Reuss-Borst M, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B. A 3-week multimodal intervention involving high-intensity interval training in female cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/3/e12693. [PMID: 26869680 PMCID: PMC4758922 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the effects of a 3‐week multimodal rehabilitation involving supervised high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on female breast cancer survivors with respect to key variables of aerobic fitness, body composition, energy expenditure, cancer‐related fatigue, and quality of life to those of a standard multimodal rehabilitation program. A randomized controlled trial design was administered. Twenty‐eight women, who had been treated for cancer were randomly assigned to either a group performing exercise of low‐to‐moderate intensity (LMIE; n = 14) or a group performing high‐intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 14) as part of a 3‐week multimodal rehabilitation program. No adverse events related to the exercise were reported. Work economy improved following both HIIT and LMIE, with improved peak oxygen uptake following LMIE. HIIT reduced mean total body fat mass with no change in body mass, muscle or fat‐free mass (best P < 0.06). LMIE increased muscle and total fat‐free body mass. Total energy expenditure (P = 0.45) did not change between the groups, whereas both improved quality of life to a similar high extent and lessened cancer‐related fatigue. This randomized controlled study demonstrates that HIIT can be performed by female cancer survivors without adverse health effects. Here, HIIT and LMIE both improved work economy, quality of life and cancer‐related fatigue, body composition or energy expenditure. Since the outcomes were similar, but HIIT takes less time, this may be a time‐efficient strategy for improving certain aspects of the health of female cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schmitt
- Rehaklinik am Kurpark, RehaZentren Baden Württemberg gGmbH, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Lindner
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Reuss-Borst
- Rehaklinik am Kurpark, RehaZentren Baden Württemberg gGmbH, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Connolly LJ, Nordsborg NB, Nyberg M, Weihe P, Krustrup P, Mohr M. Low-volume high-intensity swim training is superior to high-volume low-intensity training in relation to insulin sensitivity and glucose control in inactive middle-aged women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1889-97. [PMID: 27473445 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that low-volume high-intensity swimming has a larger impact on insulin sensitivity and glucose control than high-volume low-intensity swimming in inactive premenopausal women with mild hypertension. METHODS Sixty-two untrained premenopausal women were randomised to an inactive control (n = 20; CON), a high-intensity low-volume (n = 21; HIT) or a low-intensity high-volume (n = 21; LIT) training group. During the 15-week intervention period, HIT performed 3 weekly 6-10 × 30-s all-out swimming intervals (average heart rate (HR) = 86 ± 3 % HRmax) interspersed by 2-min recovery periods and LIT swam continuously for 1 h at low intensity (average HR = 73 ± 3 % HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS After HIT, resting plasma [insulin] was lowered (17 ± 34 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Following HIT, 60-min OGTT plasma [insulin] and [glucose] was lowered (24 ± 30 % and 10 ± 16 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Total area under the curve for plasma [glucose] was lower (P < 0.05) after HIT than LIT (660 ± 141 vs. 860 ± 325 mmol min L(-1)). Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) had increased (P < 0.05) by 22 ± 34 % after HIT, with no significant change after LIT or CON, respectively. Plasma soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 was lowered (P < 0.05) by 4 ± 8 and 3 ± 9 % after HIT and CON, respectively, while plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 had decreased (P < 0.05) by 8 ± 23 % after HIT only. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that low-volume high-intensity intermittent swimming is an effective and time-efficient training strategy for improving insulin sensitivity, glucose control and biomarkers of vascular function in inactive, middle-aged mildly hypertensive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Connolly
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nikolai B Nordsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magni Mohr
- Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Sciences, Center for Health and Human Performance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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21
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Timely exercise for controlling glucose and oxidative stress. Reply to Chacko E. [letter]. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1089-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Frazão DT, de Farias Junior LF, Dantas TCB, Krinski K, Elsangedy HM, Prestes J, Hardcastle SJ, Costa EC. Feeling of Pleasure to High-Intensity Interval Exercise Is Dependent of the Number of Work Bouts and Physical Activity Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152752. [PMID: 27028191 PMCID: PMC4814045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the affective responses during a single bout of a low-volume HIIE in active and insufficiently active men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-eight men (aged 25.3 ± 3.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study: i) active (n = 29) and ii) insufficiently active (n = 29). Each subject undertook i) initial screening and physical evaluation, ii) maximal exercise test, and iii) a single bout of a low-volume HIIE. The HIIE protocol consisted of 10 x 60s work bouts at 90% of maximal treadmill velocity (MTV) interspersed with 60s of active recovery at 30% of MTV. Affective responses (Feeling Scale, -5/+5), rating of perceived exertion (Borg's RPE, 6-20), and heart rate (HR) were recorded during the last 10s of each work bout. A two-factor mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA, independent-samples t test, and chi-squared test were used to data analysis. RESULTS There were similar positive affective responses to the first three work bouts between insufficiently active and active men (p > 0.05). However, insufficiently active group displayed lower affective responses over time (work bout 4 to 10) than the active group (p < 0.01). Also, the insufficiently active group displayed lower values of mean, lowest, and highest affective response, as well as lower values of affective response at the highest RPE than the active group (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the RPE and HR between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Insufficiently active and active men report feelings of pleasure to few work bouts (i.e., 3-4) during low-volume HIIE, while the affective responses become more unpleasant over time for insufficiently active subjects. Investigations on the effects of low-volume HIIE protocols including a fewer number of work bouts on health status and fitness of less active subjects would be interesting, especially in the first training weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danniel Thiago Frazão
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kleverton Krinski
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Sarah J. Hardcastle
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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