1
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Huang S, Liu H, Wei K, Zhang L, Ma X, Li Q, Li X, Dietrich AM. Impact of ozonation on disinfection byproducts formation from phenylalanine during chlorination. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 144:199-211. [PMID: 38802231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
As a strong oxidizing agent, ozone is used in some water treatment facilities for disinfection, taste and odor control, and removal of organic micropollutants. Phenylalanine (Phe) was used as the target amino acid to comprehensively investigate variability of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation during chlorine disinfection and residual chlorine conditions subsequent to ozonation. The results showed that subsequent to ozonation, the typical regulated and unregulated DBPs formation potential (DBPsFP), including trichloromethane (TCM), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), chloral hydrate (CH), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), and trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) increased substantially, by 2.4, 3.3, 5.6, 1.2, 2.5, and 6.0 times, respectively, compared with only chlorination. Ozonation also significantly increased the DBPs yield under a 2 day simulated residual chlorine condition that mimicked the water distribution system. DBPs formations followed pseudo first order kinetics. The formation rates of DBPs in the first 6 hr were higher for TCM (0.214 hr-1), DCAN (0.244 hr-1), CH (0.105 hr-1), TCAcAm (0.234 hr-1), DCAA (0.375 hr-1) and TCAA (0.190 hr-1) than thereafter. The peak DBPsFP of TCM, DCAN, CH, TCAcAm, DCAA, and TCAA were obtained when that ozonation time was set at 5-15 min. Ozonation times > 30 min increased the mineralization of Phe and decreased the formation of DBPs upon chlorination. Increasing bromine ion (Br-) concentration increased production of bromine- DBPs and decreased chlorine-DBPs formation by 59.3%-92.2% . Higher ozone dosages and slight alkaline favored to reduce DBP formation and cytotoxicity. The ozonation conditions should be optimized for all application purposes including DBPs reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinong Huang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Structures & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Structures & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Kunming Wei
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Structures & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Structures & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Structures & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blackburg, VA 24061, USA
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2
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Lacroix A, Goli T, Hanigan D, Pagilla K. Formation, speciation, and temporal variability of DBPs in drinking water distribution systems in the context of ASR operations and extended storage periods. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143154. [PMID: 39173835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
As climate change induces changes in water quality and available water quantity of drinking water supply sources, the final product water quality changes in terms of trace organics including disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during water treatment. In this study, the seasonal variability and speciation of DBPs across nine sample sites within a drinking water distribution system serving ∼400k people over a one-year period was investigated considering the governing parameters of water quality and treatment/transport/storage of finished water. The system considered treats surface water from a river and practices aquifer storage and recovery to address seasons water availability changes. Eighty-eight (88) sample sets were collected and held for 6-months in the laboratory to simulate extended storage scenarios associated with ASR operations, and each was analyzed at 9 different timesteps for concentration and speciation of chlorinated DBPs. Samples from groundwater influenced sites exhibited significantly lower total organic carbon (TOC) compared to other sites from the river source, and also were observed to have the lowest DBP formation. Three sites exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for four total trihalomethanes (THM4) within 30-60 days of storage. Chloroform was the predominant THM4 species, even in groundwater-influenced locations, whereas di- and tri-chloroacetic acid (DCA and TCA) were the most prevalent haloacetic acids (HAA5). Extended water age at one site, coupled with low initial chlorine concentrations exhibited higher initial THM4 concentrations and flat DBP formation curves. The study results provide new insights into DBP occurrence and fate in drinking water distribution systems which consider water storage such as in ASR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lacroix
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, MS 0258, Reno, NV, 89557, USA; Truckee Meadows Water Authority, Reno, 1355 Capital Blvd., Reno, NV, 89502, USA.
| | - Tayebeh Goli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, MS 0258, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - David Hanigan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, MS 0258, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Krishna Pagilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, MS 0258, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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3
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Brinkmann MT, Rong K, Xie Y, Yan T. Formation potential of disinfection byproducts during chlorination of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142057. [PMID: 38636920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent leaks of underground fuel storage tanks in the Pearl Harbor region have led to direct release of un-weathered petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) into drinking water sources, which then directly underwent chlorination disinfection treatment. Since the control of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) traditionally focuses natural organic matters (NOM) from source water and little is known about the interactions between free chlorine and un-weathered PHCs, laboratory chlorination experiments in batch reactors were conducted to determine the formation potential of DBPs during chlorination of PHC-contaminated drinking water. Quantitative analysis of regulated DBPs showed that significant quantities of THM4 (average 3,498 μg/L) and HAA5 (average 355.4 μg/L) compounds were formed as the result of chlorination of un-weathered PHCs. Amongst the regulated DBPs, THM4, which were comprised primarily of chloroform and bromodichloromethane, were more abundant than HAA5. Numerous unregulated DBPs and a large diversity of unidentified potentially halogenated organic compounds were also produced, with the most abundant being 1,1-dichloroacetone, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, chloropicrin, dichloroacetonitrile, and trichloracetonitrile. Together, the results demonstrated the DBP formation potential when PHC-contaminated water undergoes chlorination treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm the regulated DBP production and health risks under field relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy-Tanita Brinkmann
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA
| | - Kexin Rong
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA
| | - Yuefeng Xie
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA; Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA.
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4
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Shi Y, Xia W, Liu H, Liu J, Cao S, Fang X, Li S, Li Y, Chen C, Xu S. Trihalomethanes in global drinking water: Distributions, risk assessments, and attributable disease burden of bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133760. [PMID: 38522206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the global spatiotemporal variations of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water, evaluate their cancer and non-cancer risks, and THM-attributable bladder cancer burden. THM concentrations in drinking water around fifty years on a global scale were integrated. Health risks were assessed using Monte Carlo simulations and attributable bladder cancer burden was estimated by comparative risk assessment methodology. The results showed that global mean THM concentrations in drinking water significantly decreased from 78.37 μg/L (1973-1983) to 51.99 μg/L (1984-2004) and to 21.90 μg/L (after 2004). The lifestage-integrative cancer risk and hazard index of THMs through all exposure pathways were acceptable with the average level of 6.45 × 10-5 and 7.63 × 10-2, respectively. The global attributable disability adjusted of life years (DALYs) and the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) dropped by 16% and 56% from 1990-1994 to 2015-2019, respectively. A big decline in the attributable ASDR was observed in the United Kingdom (62%) and the United States (27%), while China experienced a nearly 3-fold increase due to the expanded water supply coverage and increased life expectancy. However, China also benefited from the spread of chlorination, which helped reduce nearly 90% of unsafe-water-caused mortality from 1998 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shulan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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5
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Kalita I, Kamilaris A, Havinga P, Reva I. Assessing the Health Impact of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water. ACS ES&T WATER 2024; 4:1564-1578. [PMID: 38633371 PMCID: PMC11019713 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the impact of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) on human health, with a particular focus on DBPs present in chlorinated drinking water, concentrating on three primary DBP categories (aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic). Additionally, it explores pivotal factors influencing DBP formation, encompassing disinfectant types, water source characteristics, and environmental conditions, such as the presence of natural materials in water. The main objective is to discern the most hazardous DBPs, considering criteria such as regulation standards, potential health impacts, and chemical diversity. It provides a catalog of 63 key DBPs alongside their corresponding parameters. From this set, 28 compounds are meticulously chosen for in-depth analysis based on the above criteria. The findings strive to guide the advancement of water treatment technologies and intelligent sensory systems for the efficient water quality surveillance. This, in turn, enables reliable DBP detection within water distribution networks. By enriching the understanding of DBP-associated health hazards and offering valuable insights, this research is aimed to contribute to influencing policy-making in regulations and treatment strategies, thereby protecting public health and improving safety related to chlorinated drinking water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Kalita
- Computing
& Data Sciences (CDS), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- CYENS
Centre of Excellence, Nicosia 1016, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kamilaris
- CYENS
Centre of Excellence, Nicosia 1016, Cyprus
- Pervasive
Systems Group, University of Twente, Enschede 7522, Netherlands
| | - Paul Havinga
- Pervasive
Systems Group, University of Twente, Enschede 7522, Netherlands
| | - Igor Reva
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, CERES, University
of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal
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6
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Han J, Zhai H, Zhang X, Liu J, Sharma VK. Effects of ozone dose on brominated DBPs in subsequent chlor(am)ination: A comprehensive study of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic DBPs. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121039. [PMID: 38142503 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ozone‒chlor(am)ine is a commonly used combination of disinfectants in drinking water treatment. Although there are quite a few studies on the formation of some individual DBPs in the ozone‒chlor(am)ine disinfection, an overall picture of the DBP formation in the combined disinfection is largely unavailable. In this study, the effects of ozone dose on the formation and speciation of organic brominated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in subsequent chlorination, chloramination, or chlorination‒chloramination of simulated drinking water were investigated. High-molecular-weight, aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic brominated DBPs were selectively detected and studied using a powerful precursor ion scan method with ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-tqMS). Two groups of unregulated yet relatively toxic DBPs, dihalonitromethanes and dihaloacetaldehydes, were detected by the UPLC/ESI-tqMS for the first time. With increasing ozone dose, the levels of high-molecular-weight (m/z 300-500) and alicyclic and aromatic brominated DBPs generally decreased, the levels of brominated aliphatic acids were slightly affected, and the levels of dihalonitromethanes and dihaloacetaldehydes generally increased in the subsequent disinfection processes. Despite different molecular compositions of the detected DBPs, increasing ozone dose generally shifted the formation of DBPs from chlorinated ones to brominated analogues in the subsequent disinfection processes. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the impact of ozone dose on the DBP formation and speciation in subsequent chlor(am)ine disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongyan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiangru Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
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7
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Nguyen HVM, Tak S, Hur J, Shin HS. Fluorescence spectroscopy in the detection and management of disinfection by-product precursors in drinking water treatment processes: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140269. [PMID: 37748659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and prevention of the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is paramount in drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) to ensure human health safety. This review provides an overview of how fluorescence techniques are developed to predict DBP formation and to evaluate the reduction of fluorescence components and DBPs following individual DWTP processes. Evidence has shown that common DBPs, nitrogenous DBPs and specific emerging DBPs exhibit positive linear relationships with terrestrial, anthropogenic, tryptophan-like, and eutrophic humic-like fluorescence. Due to the interrelationships of both regulated and emerging DBP types with fluorescence components, the limitations arise when attempting to predict emerging DBPs solely through linear relationships. Monitoring the reduction of DBP precursors after each treatment process can be achieved by studying the relationship between fluorescence components and DBPs. During the coagulation process, highest reduction rates are observed for terrestrial humic-like fluorescence. Advanced treatments such as granular, powdered, silver-impregnated activated carbon, magnetic ion exchange resins, and reverse osmosis, have revealed a significant reduction of fluorescent DBP precursors, ranging from 53% to 100%. During chlorination, the reduction rate follows the order: terrestrial humic-like > microbial humic-like > protein/tryptophan-like fluorescence. This review provides insights into the reduction of fluorescence signatures following individual DWTP processes, which offers information regarding DBP formation. These insights could assist in optimizing the treatment process to more effectively manage DBP formation. For the identification of emerging DBP generation, the utilization of advanced models is imperative to precisely predict emerging DBPs and to more accurately trace DBP precursors within DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Vo-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Surbhi Tak
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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8
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Hogard S, Pearce R, Gonzalez R, Yetka K, Bott C. Optimizing Ozone Disinfection in Water Reuse: Controlling Bromate Formation and Enhancing Trace Organic Contaminant Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18499-18508. [PMID: 37467303 PMCID: PMC10690711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of ozone/biofiltration advanced treatment has become more prevalent in recent years, with many utilities seeking an alternative to membrane/RO based treatment for water reuse. Ensuring efficient pathogen reduction while controlling disinfection byproducts and maximizing oxidation of trace organic contaminants remains a major barrier to implementing ozone in reuse applications. Navigating these challenges is imperative in order to allow for the more widespread application of ozonation. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of ozone for virus, coliform bacteria, and spore forming bacteria inactivation in unfiltered secondary effluent, all the while controlling the disinfection byproduct bromate. A greater than 6-log reduction of both male specific and somatic coliphages was seen at specific ozone doses as low as 0.75 O3:TOC. This study compared monochloramine and hydrogen peroxide as chemical bromate control measures in high bromide water (Br- = 0.35 ± 0.07 mg/L). On average, monochloramine and hydrogen peroxide resulted in an 80% and 36% decrease of bromate formation, respectively. Neither bromate control method had any appreciable impact on virus or coliform bacteria disinfection by ozone; however, the use of hydrogen peroxide would require a non-Ct disinfection framework. Maintaining ozone residual was shown to be critical for achieving disinfection of more resilient microorganisms, such as spore forming bacteria. While extremely effective at controlling bromate, monochloramine was shown to inhibit TrOC oxidation, whereas hydrogen peroxide enhanced TrOC oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hogard
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
| | - Robert Pearce
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
| | - Kathleen Yetka
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
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9
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Ahmadi Zahrani A, Yang W, Wu T. Inhibition of bromate formation in plasmon-enhanced catalytic ozonation over silver-doped spinel ferrite. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120173. [PMID: 37320878 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High energy consumption and formation of harmful byproducts are two challenges faced by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). While much research efforts have been devoted to improving the treatment efficiency, byproduct formation and control calls for more attention. In this study, the underlying mechanism of bromate formation inhibition during a novel plasmon-enhanced catalytic ozonation process with silver-doped spinel ferrite (0.5wt%Ag/MnFe2O4) as the catalysts was investigated. By scrutinizing the effects of each factor (i.e. irradiation, catalyst, ozone) as well as the combinations of different factors on major Br species involved in bromate formation, examining the distribution of Br species, and probing the reactive oxygen species partaking in the reactions, it was found that accelerated ozone decomposition which inhibited two main bromate formation pathways and surface reduction of Br species (e.g. HOBr/OBr- and BrO3-) contributed to the inhibition of bromate formation, both of which can be enhanced by the plasmonic effects of Ag and the good affinity between Ag and Br. A kinetic model was developed by simultaneously solving 95 reactions to predict the aqueous concentrations of Br species during different ozonation processes. The good agreement between the model prediction and experimental data further corroborated the hypothesized reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ahmadi Zahrani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL 35899, United States
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL 35899, United States.
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10
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Liu F, Rittmann B, Kuthari S, Zhang W. Viral inactivation using microwave-enhanced membrane filtration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131966. [PMID: 37399721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses (e.g., Enteroviruses, Noroviruses, Rotaviruses, and Adenovirus) present in wastewater, even at low concentrations, can cause serious waterborne diseases. Improving water treatment to enhance viral removal is of paramount significance, especially given the COVID-19 pandemic. This study incorporated microwave-enabled catalysis into membrane filtration and evaluated viral removal using a model bacteriophage (MS2) as a surrogate. Microwave irradiation effectively penetrated the PTFE membrane module and enabled surface oxidation reactions on the membrane-coated catalysts (i.e., BiFeO3), which thus elicited strong germicidal effects via local heating and radical formation as reported previously. A log removal of 2.6 was achieved for MS2 within a contact time as low as 20 s using 125-W microwave irradiation with the initial MS2 concentration of 105 PFU∙mL-1. By contrast, almost no inactivation could be achieved without microwave irradiation. COMSOL simulation indicates that the catalyst surface could be heated up to 305 oC with 125-W microwave irradiation for 20 s and also analyzed microwave penetration into catalyst or water film layers. This research provides new insights to the antiviral mechanisms of this microwave-enabled catalytic membrane filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Liu
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd., Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bruce Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Saachi Kuthari
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd., Newark, NJ, USA; Millburn High School, Short Hills, NJ, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd., Newark, NJ, USA.
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11
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Kim SY, Ha JH. Formation and speciation of hazardous trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids during chlorinated washing of brined kimchi cabbage in the presence of bromide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131557. [PMID: 37182460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs) may be generated in high concentrations during the chlorinated washing of brined kimchi cabbage (BKC) in kimchi manufacturing. However, the generation of these DBPs is not sufficiently understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the formation and speciation of the DBPs trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) during the chlorinated washing process. The average bromide content in 22 salt products sourced from various regions of Korea was 1600 ± 468 mg/kg. Increasing bromide content shifted the speciation of DBPs from chlorinated to mixed bromochloro to brominated species, which would be more harmful than their chlorinated analogs. DBP formation during the washing of BKC at average bromide levels changed based on the brine salinity, salting temperature, and disinfectant type. Based on our findings, we recommend that low salinity and low temperature should be maintained during the salting of KC and that NaOCl should be used as the disinfectant rather than slightly acidic electrolyzed water during the chlorinated washing of KC to alleviate the formation of Br-DBPs. Moreover, we recommend the use of salts with low bromide levels for the salting of KC and the addition of a rinse step after chlorinated washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Kim
- Hygienic Safety·Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuong Ha
- Hygienic Safety·Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ghanadi M, Kah M, Kookana RS, Padhye LP. Formation of disinfection by-products from microplastics, tire wear particles, and other polymer-based materials. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119528. [PMID: 36587522 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed through the disinfection of water containing precursors such as natural organic matter or anthropogenic compounds (e.g., pharmaceuticals and pesticides). Due to the ever increasing use of plastics, elastomers, and other polymers in our daily lives, polymer-based materials (PBMs) are detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in water and wastewater. The present review provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the contribution of PBMs - including elastomers, tire waste, polyelectrolytes, and microplastics - as precursors of DBPs in water and wastewater. Literature shows that the presence of PBMs can lead to the leaching of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and subsequent formation of DBPs upon disinfection in aqueous media. The quantity and type of DBPs formed strongly depends on the type of polymer, its concentration, its age, water salinity, and disinfection conditions such as oxidant dosage, pH, temperature, and contact time. DOM leaching from elastomers and tire waste was shown to form N-nitrosodimethylamine up to concerning levels of 930 ng/L and 466,715 ng/L, respectively upon chemical disinfection under laboratory conditions. Polyelectrolytes can also react with chemical disinfectants to form toxic DBPs. Recent findings indicate trihalomethanes formation potential of plastics can be as high as 15,990 µg/L based on the maximum formation potential under extreme conditions. Our analysis highlights an overlooked contribution of DOM leaching from PBMs as DBP precursors during disinfection of water and wastewater. Further studies need to be conducted to ascertain the extent of this contribution in real water and wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ghanadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Melanie Kah
- School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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13
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Zhong Y, Zheng XT, Zhao S, Su X, Loh XJ. Stimuli-Activable Metal-Bearing Nanomaterials and Precise On-Demand Antibacterial Strategies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19840-19872. [PMID: 36441973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections remain the leading cause of death worldwide today. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has urged the development of alternative antibacterial technologies to complement or replace traditional antibiotic treatments. In this regard, metal nanomaterials have attracted great attention for their controllable antibacterial functions that are less prone to resistance. This review discusses a particular family of stimuli-activable metal-bearing nanomaterials (denoted as SAMNs) and the associated on-demand antibacterial strategies. The various SAMN-enabled antibacterial strategies stem from basic light and magnet activation, with the addition of bacterial microenvironment responsiveness and/or bacteria-targeting selectivity and therefore offer higher spatiotemporal controllability. The discussion focuses on nanomaterial design principles, antibacterial mechanisms, and antibacterial performance, as well as emerging applications that desire on-demand and selective activation (i.e., medical antibacterial treatments, surface anti-biofilm, water disinfection, and wearable antibacterial materials). The review concludes with the authors' perspectives on the challenges and future directions for developing industrial translatable next-generation antibacterial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore
| | - Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore
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14
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Yang T, Mai J, Zhu M, Peng Q, Huang C, Wu S, Tan Q, Jia J, Fang J, Ma J. Enhanced Permanganate Activation under UVA-LED Irradiation: Unraveled Mechanism Involving Manganese Species and Hydroxyl Radical. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17720-17731. [PMID: 36469811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate [Mn(VII)] has gained broad attention in water treatment. However, its limited reactivity toward some refractory micropollutants hinders its application for micropollutant degradation. Herein, we introduced UVA-LED photolysis of Mn(VII) (UVA-LED/Mn(VII)) to degrade micropollutants (diclofenac (DCF), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), atrazine, and nitrobenzene) by selecting DCF and 4-CP as target micropollutants. The effects of operating conditions (e.g., light intensity, radiation wavelengths, pH, and water constituents) on DCF and 4-CP degradation as well as the underlying mechanisms were systematically studied. The degradation rates of DCF and 4-CP linearly decreased with increasing radiation wavelengths (from 365 to 405 nm), likely due to the decreased molar absorption coefficients and quantum yields of Mn(VII). Reactive manganese species (RMnS), including Mn(V), Mn(III), and HO•, were generated in the UVA-LED/Mn(VII) process. Mn(V) and HO• were responsible for DCF degradation, while Mn(III), HO•, and likely Mn(V) accounted for 4-CP degradation. Competitive kinetic results revealed that contributions of RMnS and HO• decreased with increasing radiation wavelengths, wherein RMnS played the dominant role. Increasing pH displayed opposite effects on DCF and 4-CP degradation with higher degradation efficiency obtained at acidic pH for the former one but alkaline pH for the latter one. The presence of water background ions (e.g., Cl-, HCO3-, and Ca2+) barely influenced DCF and 4-CP degradation. Finally, in comparison with Mn(VII) alone, enhanced degradation of DCF and 4-CP by UVA-LED/Mn(VII) was observed in real waters. This work advances the understanding of the photochemistry of manganese species in micropollutant degradation and facilitates Mn(VII) oxidation in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Mai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyang Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiqi Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinying Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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15
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Zhao J, Han L, Tan S, Chu W, Dong H, Zhou Q, Pan Y. Revisiting the effect of boiling on halogenated disinfection byproducts, total organic halogen, and cytotoxicity in simulated tap water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136577. [PMID: 36155016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Boiling is a widely adopted household tap water treatment method because of its ability to inactivate chlorine-resistant pathogenic bacteria, and to reduce certain groups of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). From a more comprehensive point of view, this study revisited the effect of boiling on four groups of 17 aliphatic DBPs and six groups of 44 aromatic DBPs in both simulated chlorinated and chloraminated tap water samples, with a special focus on the changes of total organic halogen (TOX) and cytotoxicity. Results showed that the concentrations of aliphatic DBPs substantially decreased during boiling via volatilization (trihalomethanes and chloral hydrate) and hydrolysis (haloacetamides) in chlorinated and chloraminated tap water samples. The concentrations of aromatic DBPs during boiling generally followed an increasing trend due to decarboxylation of polycarboxylic precursors in chlorinated tap water samples, and showed a first increasing and then decreasing trend in chloraminated tap water samples. A sharp decreasing of TOX occurred in the heating process of tap water samples from room temperature to 100 °C, and a relatively gentle decreasing was kept in the prolonged boiling process till 5 min. The most abundant DBP group in the tap water samples without boiling was trihalomethanes, and was replaced by haloacetic acids with boiling for 5 min. Continuous boiling for 5 min substantially reduced the cytotoxicity of chlorinated and chloraminated water samples by 52.6% and 21.3%, respectively. Reduction of cytotoxicity matched well with the reduction of TOCl (r = 0.907, P < 0.01), TOBr (r = 0.885, P < 0.01) and TOX (r = 0.905, P < 0.01), suggesting that the cytotoxicity reduction during boiling was mainly ascribed to the reduction of halogenated DBPs. Therefore, boiling of tap water to 100 °C was strongly recommended to reduce the potential health risks induced by tap water ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liangliang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Suo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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16
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Kinani S, Roumiguières A, Bouchonnet S. A Critical Review on Chemical Speciation of Chlorine-Produced Oxidants (CPOs) in Seawater. Part 1: Chlorine Chemistry in Seawater and Its Consequences in Terms of Biocidal Effectiveness and Environmental Impact. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36325800 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2139590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seawater chlorination has three main industrial uses: disinfection of water and installations, control of biofouling, and preventing the transport of aquatic invasive species. Once in contact with seawater, chlorine reacts rapidly with water constituents (e.g. bromide ions, ammonia, and nitrogen-containing compounds) to form a range of oxidative species (e.g. bromine and N-haloamines), termed "chlorine-produced oxidants" (CPOs) or "total residual oxidants" (TRO). The chemical nature of CPOs and their concentration are a function of two categories of parameters related to treatment modality (e.g. chlorine dose) and water quality (e.g. temperature, pH, ammonia concentration, and organic constituents). The chlorination process may result in continuous or intermittent releases of CPOs in seawater. The reactivity and potential ecotoxicity of CPO species largely depend on their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, evaluation of the biocidal effectiveness of chlorination and its potential impacts requires not only determining the sum of CPOs (via a bulk parameter), but also their chemical speciation. The aim of this article - which is the first of a trilogy dedicated to the chemical speciation of CPOs in seawater - is to provide an overview of current knowledge about chlorine chemistry in seawater and to discuss the biocidal efficacy and the environmental fate of resulting CPOs. The 2nd and 3rd articles delineate a comprehensive and critical review of analytical methods and approaches for the determination of CPOs in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Kinani
- Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), Division Recherche et Développement, Electricité de France (EDF), Chatou Cedex 01, France
| | - Adrien Roumiguières
- Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), Division Recherche et Développement, Electricité de France (EDF), Chatou Cedex 01, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS - Institut polytechnique de Paris - Route de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchonnet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS - Institut polytechnique de Paris - Route de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
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17
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Qiu C, He W, Li Y, Jiang F, Pan Y, Zhang M, Lin D, Zhang K, Yang Y, Wang W, Hua P. Formation of halogenated disinfection byproducts in chlorinated real water during making hot beverage: Effect of sugar addition. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135417. [PMID: 35750228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine disinfection is widely applied in drinking water treatment plant to inactivate pathogens in drinking water, but it unintentionally reacts with organic matter present in source waters and generates halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Sugar is one of the most commonly used seasoning in our diet. The addition of sugar could significantly improve the taste of the beverages; however, the effects of sugar on DBP formation and transformation remain unknown. In this study, the effects of sugar type and dose on the halogenated DBP formation in chlorinated boiled real tap water were evaluated during making hot beverages. We found that sugar can react with chlorine residual in tap water and generate halogenated DBPs. As the most commonly used table sugar, the addition of sucrose in the water sample at 100 or 500 mg/L as C could increase the level of total organic halogen (TOX) by ∼35%, when compared with the boiled tap water sample without sugar addition. In addition, fifteen reported and new polar brominated and chlorinated DBPs were detected and proposed from the reaction between chlorine and sucrose; accordingly, the corresponding transformation pathways were also proposed. Moreover, the DBP formation in the chlorinated boiled real tap water samples with the addition of xylose, glucose, sucrose, maltose and lactose were also investigated. By comparing with the TOX levels in the water samples with different sugar addition and their calculated TOX risk indexes, it was suggested that applying xylose as a sweetener in beverages could not only obtain a relatively high sweetness but also minimize the adverse effect inducing by halogenated DBPs during making hot beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyin Qiu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiting He
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meihui Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daying Lin
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanduo Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Pei Hua
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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18
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Bromoacetic acid impairs mouse oocyte in vitro maturation through affecting cytoskeleton architecture and epigenetic modification. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110192. [PMID: 36174739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a major public health achievement, disinfection of drinking water significantly decreases outbreaks of waterborne disease, but produces drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) unfortunately. The haloacetic acids (HAAs) including bromoacetic acid (BAA), the second major class of DBPs, are considered as a global public health concern. BAA has been identified as cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic in somatic cells. However, the toxic effects of BAA on oocyte maturation remain obscure. Herein, we documented that exposure to BAA compromised mouse oocyte maturation in vitro, causing blocked polar body extrusion (PBE). Meiotic progression analysis demonstrated that exposure to BAA induced the activated spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) mediated metaphase I (MI) arrest in oocytes. Further study revealed that exposure to BAA resulted in the hyperacetylation of α-tubulin, disrupting spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, which is responsible for the activation of SAC. Besides, the organization of actin, the other major component of cytoskeleton in oocytes, was disturbed after BAA exposure. In addition, exposure to BAA altered the status of histone H3 methylation and 5 mC, indicative of the damaged epigenetic modifications. Moreover, we found that exposure to BAA induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner in oocytes. Collectively, our study evidenced that exposure to BAA intervened mouse oocyte maturation via disrupting cytoskeletal dynamics, damaging epigenetic modifications and inducing accumulation of DNA damage.
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Wang Y, Yin R, Tang Z, Liu W, He C, Xia D. Reactive Nitrogen Species Mediated Inactivation of Pathogenic Microorganisms during UVA Photolysis of Nitrite at Surface Water Levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12542-12552. [PMID: 35976624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UVA photolysis of nitrite (NO2-) occurs in a number of natural and engineered aquatic systems. This study reports for the first time that pathogenic microorganisms can be effectively inactivated during the coexposure of UVA irradiation and NO2- under environmentally relevant conditions. The results demonstrated that more than 3 log inactivation of Escherichia coli K-12, Staphylococcus aureus, and Spingopyxis sp. BM1-1 was achieved by UVA photolysis of 2.0 mg-N L-1 of NO2- in synthetic drinking water and real surface water. The inactivation was mainly attributed to the reactive species generated from UVA photolysis of NO2- rather than UVA irradiation or NO2- oxidation alone. The inactivation was predominantly contributed by the reactive nitrogen species (NO2• and ONOO-/HOONO) instead of the reactive oxygen species (HO• or O2•-). A kinetic model to simulate the reactive species generation from UVA photolysis of NO2- was established, validated, and used to predict the contributions of different reactive species to the inactivation under various environmental conditions. Several advanced tools (e.g., D2O - labeling with Raman spectroscopy) were used to demonstrate that the inactivation by the UVA/NO2- treatment was attributed to the DNA destruction by the reactive nitrogen species, which completely suppressed the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) states and the reactivation of bacteria. This study highlights a novel process for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water and emphasizes the critical role of reactive nitrogen species in water disinfection and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuoyun Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiqi Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dehua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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20
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Lanrewaju AA, Enitan-Folami AM, Sabiu S, Edokpayi JN, Swalaha FM. Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981896. [PMID: 36110296 PMCID: PMC9468673 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses are common waterborne pathogens found in environmental water bodies contaminated with either raw or partially treated sewage discharge. Examples of these viruses include adenovirus, rotavirus, noroviruses, and other caliciviruses and enteroviruses like coxsackievirus and polioviruses. They have been linked with gastroenteritis, while some enteric viruses have also been implicated in more severe infections such as encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis (hepatitis A and E viruses), cancer (polyomavirus), and myocarditis (enteroviruses). Therefore, this review presents information on the occurrence of enteric viruses of public health importance, diseases associated with human exposure to enteric viruses, assessment of their presence in contaminated water, and their removal in water and wastewater sources. In order to prevent illnesses associated with human exposure to viral contaminated water, we suggest the regular viral monitoring of treated wastewater before discharging it into the environment. Furthermore, we highlight the need for more research to focus on the development of more holistic disinfection methods that will inactivate waterborne viruses in municipal wastewater discharges, as this is highly needed to curtail the public health effects of human exposure to contaminated water. Moreover, such a method must be devoid of disinfection by-products that have mutagenic and carcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Joshua Nosa Edokpayi
- Water and Environmental Management Research Group, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Feroz Mahomed Swalaha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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21
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Wünsch R, Hettich T, Prahtel M, Thomann M, Wintgens T, von Gunten U. Tradeoff between micropollutant abatement and bromate formation during ozonation of concentrates from nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118785. [PMID: 35949072 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water treatment with nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) membranes results in a purified permeate and a retentate, where solutes are concentrated and have to be properly managed and discharged. To date, little is known on how the selection of a semi-permeable dense membrane impacts the dissolved organic matter in the concentrate and what the consequences are for micropollutant (MP) abatement and bromate formation during concentrate treatment with ozone. Laboratory ozonation experiments were performed with standardized concentrates produced by three membranes (two NFs and one low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane) from three water sources (two river waters and one lake water). The concentrates were standardized by adjustment of pH and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, selected micropollutants (MP) with a low to high ozone reactivity and bromide to exclude factors which are known to impact ozonation. NF membranes had a lower retention of bromide and MPs than the LPRO membrane, and if the permeate quality of the NF membrane meets the requirements, the selection of this membrane type is beneficial due to the lower bromate formation risks upon concentrate ozonation. The bromate formation was typically higher in standardized concentrates of LPRO than of NF membranes, but the tradeoff between MP abatement and bromate formation upon ozonation of the standardized concentrates was not affected by the membrane type. Furthermore, there was no difference for the different source waters. Overall, ozonation of concentrates is only feasible for abatement of MPs with a high to moderate ozone reactivity with limited bromate formation. Differences in the DOM composition between NF and LPRO membrane concentrates are less relevant than retention of MPs and bromide by the membrane and the required ozone dose to meet a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wünsch
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Hettich
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - M Prahtel
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - M Thomann
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - T Wintgens
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - U von Gunten
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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22
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Michałowicz J, Włuka A, Bukowska B. A review on environmental occurrence, toxic effects and transformation of man-made bromophenols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152289. [PMID: 34902422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brominated phenols (BPs) of anthropogenic origin are aromatic substances widely used in the industry as flame retardants (FRs) and pesticides as well as the components of FRs and polymers. In this review, we have focused on describing 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and pentabromophenol (PBP), which are the most commonly used in the industry and are the most often detected in the air, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the human body. This review describes human-related sources of these BPs that influence their occurrence in the environment (atmosphere, surface water, sediment, soil, biota), indoor air and dust, food, drinking water and the human organism. Data from in vitro and in vivo studies showing 2,4-DBP, 2,4,6-TBP and PBP toxicity, including their estrogenic activity, effects on development and reproduction, perturbations of cellular redox balance and cytotoxic action have been described. Moreover, the processes of BPs transformation that occur in human and other mammals, plants and bacteria have been discussed. Finally, the effect of abiotic factors (e.g. UV irradiation and temperature) on BPs conversion to highly toxic brominated dioxins and brominated furans as well as polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Michałowicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Włuka
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Pearce R, Hogard S, Buehlmann P, Salazar-Benites G, Wilson C, Bott C. Evaluation of preformed monochloramine for bromate control in ozonation for potable reuse. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118049. [PMID: 35032872 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bromate, a regulated disinfection byproduct, forms during the ozonation of bromide through reactions with both ozone and hydroxyl radical. In this study, preformed monochloramine was evaluated for use as a bromate suppression method in pilot testing of wastewater reuse with an average bromide concentration of 422±20 µg/L. A dose of 3 mg/L NH2Cl-Cl2 decreased bromate formation by an average of 82% and was sufficient to keep bromate below the MCL at ozone doses up to 8.6 mg/L (1.2 O3:TOC). Removal of 1,4-dioxane through ozonation decreased with increasing NH2Cl dose, confirming that monochloramine suppresses bromate formation, at least in part, by acting as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. This may negatively impact oxidation objectives of ozonation in reuse applications. Increasing monochloramine contact time did not improve bromate suppression, indicating that monochloramine probably did not mask bromide as NHBrCl or other haloamines prior to ozonation. However, NHBrCl and NH2Br may be formed from reactions between HOBr and NH2Cl and excess free ammonia during ozonation. NDMA was formed by ozonation at concentrations up to 79 ng/L and was not enhanced by NH2Cl addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pearce
- Virginia Tech Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 750 Drillfield Dr, 200 Patton Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States.
| | - Samantha Hogard
- Virginia Tech Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 750 Drillfield Dr, 200 Patton Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States
| | - Peter Buehlmann
- Brown and Caldwell, 1725 Duke St, Unit 250, Alexandria, VA 22314, United States
| | - Germano Salazar-Benites
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States
| | - Christopher Wilson
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States
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Hu W, Lee Y, Allard S. Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of the decomposition of bromamines in the presence of Cu(II). WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117791. [PMID: 34740164 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that Cu(II) can significantly enhance the decomposition rate of bromamines. Apparent second order rate constants of 2.31 ± 0.01 M-1s-1 and 0.36 ± 0.01 M-1s-1 at pH 7.5 were determined for the reaction of Cu(II) with bromamines and the self-decomposition of bromamines, respectively. Increasing the pH from 6.0 to 8.5, the rate of bromamines self-decomposition decreased while the rate of Cu(II)-catalysed decomposition of bromamines increased. Species-specific rate constants indicated that Cu(OH)2 was the most reactive copper species towards NH2Br and NHBr2. Experiments were carried out with 15N-labelled bromamines to analyse the nitrogenous degradation products of bromamines in the presence and absence of Cu(II). Nitrogen gas (N2) was found to be the major product from the self-decomposition of bromamines, with N2O, NO2-, and NO3- as additional minor products. When Cu(II) was present, the product distribution changed and NO2- and N2O became significant, while N2 and NO3- were produced at low levels. Increasing the Cu(II) concentration from 1.0 to 5.0 mg/L increased the N2O production while decreased the NO2- formation. Based on these results, a mechanism for Cu(II)-catalysed decomposition of bromamines is proposed. This work provides new insights related to the chemistry of bromamines in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems where copper is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sébastien Allard
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Dar AA, Pan B, Qin J, Zhu Q, Lichtfouse E, Usman M, Wang C. Sustainable ferrate oxidation: Reaction chemistry, mechanisms and removal of pollutants in wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117957. [PMID: 34425373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is intended to evaluate the use of ferrate (Fe(VI)), being a green coagulant, sustainable and reactive oxidant, to remove micro pollutants especially pharmaceutical pollutants in contaminated water. After a brief description of advanced oxidation processes, fundamental dimensions regarding the nature, reactivity, and chemistry of this oxidant are summarized. The degradation of contaminants by Fe(VI) involves several mechanisms and reactive agents which are critically evaluated. The efficiency and chemistry of Fe(VI) oxidation differs according to the reaction conditions and activation agent, such as soluble Fe(VI) processes, which involve Fe(VI), UV light, and electro-Fe(VI) oxidation. Fe(VI) application methods (including single dose, multiple doses, chitosan coating etc), and Fe(VI) with activating agents (including sulfite, thiosulfate, and UV) are also described to degrade the micro pollutants. Besides, application of Fe(VI) to remove pharmaceuticals in wastewater are intensely studied. Electrochemical prepared Fe(VI) has more wide application than wet oxidation method. Meanwhile, we elaborated Fe(VI) performance, limitations, and proposed innovative aspects to improve its stability, such as the generation of Fe(III), synergetic effects, nanopores entrapment, and nanopores capsules. This study provides conclusive direction for synergetic oxidative technique to degrade the micro pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Ahmed Dar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bao Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiani Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qiuhui Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China.
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Li BC, Yang H, Kwon E, Dinh Tuan D, Cong Khiem T, Lisak G, Xuan Thanh B, Ghanbari F, Lin KYA. Catalytic reduction of bromate by Co-embedded N-doped carbon as a magnetic Non-Noble metal hydrogenation catalyst. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He G, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Dong F, Wang Y. Characterization of enoxacin (ENO) during ClO 2 disinfection in water distribution system: Kinetics, byproducts, toxicity evaluation and halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation potential. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131251. [PMID: 34182641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enoxacin (ENO) is widespread in water because it is commonly used as a human and veterinary antibiotic. However, little effort has been dedicated to revealing the transformation mechanisms of ENO destruction using ClO2, especially within a water distribution system (WDS). To address this knowledge gap, the kinetics, byproducts, toxicity, and formation potential of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) associated with ENO destruction using ClO2 in a pilot-scale PE pipe was explored for the first time. Statistical analyses showed that the destruction efficiency of ENO in the pilot-scale PE pipe was lower than that in deionized water (DI water), and the reactions in DI water followed the second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, pH has a significant effect on the destruction of ENO, and the removal ratio increased at a higher pH. Additionally, increasing the flow rate elevated the ENO removal efficiency; however, the influence of flow velocity was limited to ENO destruction. The ENO removal rates within the diverse pipes exhibited the following order: stainless steel pipe < PE pipe < ductile iron pipe. Nine possible intermediates were identified, and those that were formed by piperazine group cleavage represented the major primary byproducts of the entire destruction process. Additionally, the ENO destruction in a pilot-scale PE pipe had minimal influence on halogenated DBPs and chlorite formation. Finally, the toxicity evaluation illustrated that the presence of ENO increased the potential risk of water quality safety when treated with ClO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin He
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China; Resources and Environmental Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Feilong Dong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yonglei Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China.
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Colombo R, Souza AT. Degradation of ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535) during chlorination: Tentative identification and toxicity prediction of its disinfection by-products. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130656. [PMID: 33933999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have reported the presence of ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535) in waters, and the content of this repellent is expected to rise significantly in the future. There are extremely scarce data in the literature regarding the behavior of IR3535 and its derivatives in water. The present work reports the results obtained from experiments conducted under controlled conditions aiming at investigating the transformation of IR3535 in chlorinated water, in addition to an attempt to identify its disinfection by-products (DBPs). The work also reports the findings of analyses conducted in swimming pool water samples which sought to investigate the presence and content of IR3535 and its targeted DBPs in these samples. The results obtained in the controlled experiments show that IR3535 is not completely degraded under the chlorinated conditions evaluated and 9 DBPs were tentatively identified. The presence of IR3535 was detected in both adults and children's pool water samples at concentrations ranging from 62 ng L-1 to 114 ng L-1. Some of the DBPs identified in the controlled experiments were also detected in the pool water samples. The toxicity of the 9 DBPs identified was evaluated using the QSAR model, where some by-products presented mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Colombo
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, R. Arlindo Béttio, 100, Vila Guaraciaba, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alanis Tiozzo Souza
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, R. Arlindo Béttio, 100, Vila Guaraciaba, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Xiao J, Liu Q, Song M, Li X, Li Q, Shang JK. Directing photocatalytic pathway to exceedingly high antibacterial activity in water by functionalizing holey ultrathin nanosheets of graphitic carbon nitride. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117125. [PMID: 33878660 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free polymeric carbon nitride (C3N4) photocatalysts offer attractive technological advantages over the conventional transition metal oxides or sulfides -based photocatalysts in water disinfection, but their antimicrobial activities are limited by their rapid charge carrier recombination and low specific surface areas. By controlling photocatalytic pathways, we obtained in amino-rich holey ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets (AHUCN) a highly efficient inactivation rate against E-coli, which is the highest among the monolithic g-C3N4 and exceeds the antibacterial performance of the most of the previously reported g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. Both the experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the high photocatalytic disinfection performance of AHUCN was derived from the synergistic advantages of their unique holey ultrathin structure and the amino - rich surface in controlling the charge separation and transfer, and most importantly in increasing the photo-production of the dominant antibacterial species, H2O2. From the analysis of the reactive oxygen species and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements, it was found that the presence of abundant surface amino groups enabled the switch of the oxygen-reduction pathway from the two-step single-electron indirect reduction on holey ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets (HUCN) to the one-step two-electron direct reduction on AHUCN. The switch of the H2O2 production pathway not only facilitated the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs but also promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species, greatly enhancing photocatalytic disinfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mian Song
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangrong Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jian Ku Shang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States.
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Zhu Y, Nie J, Yang X, Guan X. Degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A by ferrate(VI)-CaSO 3 process: Kinetics, products, and impacts on following disinfection by-products formation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125297. [PMID: 33951873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most widely applied brominated flame retardants and has been widely detected in water environment, which might pose risks of brominated disinfection by-products formation in water treatment system. Ferrate(VI)-CaSO3 (Fe(VI)-CaSO3) system could effectively degrade TBBPA at pH 7.0-9.0 but the decomposition rate of TBBPA dropped with increasing pH. The presence of 0.5 mg C/L humic acid (HA) had negligible impact on TBBPA removal, but the removal of TBBPA decreased to ~87% and 80% at pH 7.0 and 8.0, respectively, in the presence of 5.0 mg C/L HA. The transformation products of TBBPA detected in Fe(VI)-CaSO3 process revealed that TBBPA degradation mainly proceeded via electron abstraction, debromination, and ring-opening pathways and Br- was released. In the presence of TBBPA, Fe(VI)-CaSO3 pre-oxidation decreased the generation of all determined DBPs during chlorination at pH 8.0 but it lessened the generation of some DBPs and slightly increased the formation of the other DBPs at pH 7.0. The toxic risk analysis showed that Fe(VI)-CaSO3 pre-oxidation of TBBPA could reduce the toxic risk of DBPs in both synthetic water and natural water at pH 8.0, indicating that Fe(VI)-CaSO3 process has the potential to be applied in practical water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianxin Nie
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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31
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Abdallah P, Dossier-Berne F, Karpel Vel Leitner N, Deborde M. Methylparaben chlorination in the presence of bromide ions and ammonia: kinetic study and modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31256-31267. [PMID: 33599931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of chlorination on methylparaben (MP) removal, as well as of bromide and ammonia on the MP elimination kinetics, were studied. Bromide and ammonia react with chlorine and are promptly transformed into bromine and chloramines, respectively. Rate constants of chlorine, bromine, and monochloramine with MP were determined under different pH conditions. At pH 8.5, the apparent second-order rate constants of MP reactions with chlorine and bromine were found to be 3.37(±0.50) × 101 and 2.37 (±0.11) × 106 M-1.s-1 for kChlorine/MP and kBromine/MP, respectively, yet there was low reactivity with monochloramine ([Formula: see text] = 0.045 M-1.s-1). Regarding chlorination and bromination, in order to gain further insight into the observed pH-dependence of the reaction, the elementary reactions were considered and the corresponding second-order rate constants were calculated. The experimental and modeled values were quite consistent under these conditions. Then, chlorination experiments with different bromide and/or ammonia concentrations were performed to assess the impact of inorganic water content on MP elimination and a kinetic model was designed to assess MP degradation. Under these conditions, MP degradation was found to be enhanced in the presence of bromide whereas it was inhibited in the presence of ammonia, and the overall impact was pH dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Abdallah
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR 7285), Equipe Eau Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), Université de Poitiers, 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA, 41105 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Florence Dossier-Berne
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR 7285), Equipe Eau Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), Université de Poitiers, 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA, 41105 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Karpel Vel Leitner
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR 7285), Equipe Eau Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), Université de Poitiers, 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA, 41105 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Marie Deborde
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR 7285), Equipe Eau Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), Université de Poitiers, 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA, 41105 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France.
- UFR Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, Bâtiment D1, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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Shtangeeva I. About plant species potentially promising for phytoextraction of large amounts of toxic trace elements. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1689-1701. [PMID: 32607703 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is no information yet about plant species capable of accumulating many different metals/metalloids. The plants feasible for phytoremediation aims must grow fast, have high biomass, deep roots, and should accumulate and tolerate a range of toxicants in their aerial parts. In our research, greenhouse and field experiments have been performed to investigate accumulation and tolerance of not well-studied trace elements such as Br, Eu, Sc, Th (and also U) in couch grass and wheat. We compared bioaccumulation abilities of the plants with those of some other plant species grown under the same conditions. Additionally, we tested the effects of inoculation of seeds with Cellulomonas bacteria on phytoextraction of the trace elements from contaminated soils. For determination of elements, we used neutron activation analysis and ICP-MS. It was found that couch grass and wheat can grow in heavily contaminated soils and accumulate different toxic trace elements to levels that exceed physiological requirements typical for most plant species. Infection of seeds with bacteria resulted in a significant increase in the uptake of various trace elements and their translocation to upper plant parts. The use of couch grass and/or wheat, either alone or in combination with microorganisms, is a promising way to phytoextract metals/metalloids from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Shtangeeva
- Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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33
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Chen M, Rholl CA, He T, Sharma A, Parker KM. Halogen Radicals Contribute to the Halogenation and Degradation of Chemical Additives Used in Hydraulic Fracturing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1545-1554. [PMID: 33449615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In hydraulic fracturing fluids, the oxidant persulfate is used to generate sulfate radical to break down polymer-based gels. However, sulfate radical may be scavenged by high concentrations of halides in hydraulic fracturing fluids, producing halogen radicals (e.g., Cl•, Cl2•-, Br•, Br2•-, and BrCl•-). In this study, we investigated how halogen radicals alter the mechanisms and kinetics of the degradation of organic chemicals in hydraulic fracturing fluids. Using a radical scavenger (i.e., isopropanol), we determined that halogenated products of additives such as cinnamaldehyde (i.e., α-chlorocinnamaldehyde and α-bromocinnamaldehyde) and citrate (i.e., trihalomethanes) were generated via a pathway involving halogen radicals. We next investigated the impact of halogen radicals on cinnamaldehyde degradation rates. The conversion of sulfate radicals to halogen radicals may result in selective degradation of organic compounds. Surprisingly, we found that the addition of halides to convert sulfate radicals to halogen radicals did not result in selective degradation of cinnamaldehyde over other compounds (i.e., benzoate and guar), which may challenge the application of radical selectivity experiments to more complex molecules. Overall, we find that halogen radicals, known to react in advanced oxidative treatment and sunlight photochemistry, also contribute to the unintended degradation and halogenation of additives in hydraulic fracturing fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshan Chen
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Carter A Rholl
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Tianchen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kimberly M Parker
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Dong F, Lin Q, Li C, He G, Deng Y. Impacts of pre-oxidation on the formation of disinfection byproducts from algal organic matter in subsequent chlor(am)ination: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141955. [PMID: 32920386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Algae cells and algal organic matter (AOM) present in algae impacted source water pose a serious threat to the safety of drinking water. Conventional water treatment processes poorly remove AOM that can transform to harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during ensuing disinfection. This article offers a comprehensive review on the impacts of pre-oxidation on the formation of DBPs from AOM in subsequent chlor(am)ination. Various characterization techniques for algal cells and AOM are first overviewed with an effort to better understanding of correlation between the AOM properties and downstream DBP formation. Then, the present work reviews recent studies on application of different pre-oxidation technologies, such as chlor(am) ination, UV irradiation, ozonation, ferrate (VI), permanganate oxidation and UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), to remove algal cells and degrade AOM. Pre-oxidation can reduce the stability of algal cells and inactivate algal cells for promoting cell aggregation and thus favoring coagulation. Meanwhile, pre-oxidation can mitigate and degrade AOM into small molecular weight organic compounds to reduce DBP formation potential during subsequent chlor(am)ination. Finally, this review provides an overall evaluation on the applicability of different pre-oxidation processes, and identifies future research demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Dong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qiufeng Lin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, United States
| | - Cong Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guilin He
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, United States
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Liu J, Sayes CM, Sharma VK, Li Y, Zhang X. Addition of lemon before boiling chlorinated tap water: A strategy to control halogenated disinfection byproducts. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127954. [PMID: 32854008 PMCID: PMC8134856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine disinfection is required to inactivate pathogens in drinking water, but it inevitably generates potentially toxic halogenated disinfection byproducts (halo-DBPs). A previous study has reported that the addition of ascorbate to tap water before boiling could significantly decrease the concentration of overall halo-DBPs in the boiled water. Since the fruit lemon is rich in vitamin C (i.e., ascorbic acid), adding it to tap water followed by heating and boiling in an effort to decrease levels of halo-DBPs was investigated in this study. We examined three approaches that produce lemon water: (i) adding lemon to tap water at room temperature, termed "Lemon"; (ii) adding lemon to boiled tap water (at 100 °C) and then cooling to room temperature, termed "Boiling + Lemon"; and (iii) adding lemon to tap water then boiling and cooling to room temperature, termed "Lemon + Boiling". The concentrations of total and individual halo-DBPs in the resultant water samples were quantified with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and the cytotoxicity of DBP mixtures extracted from the water samples was evaluated using human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells and hepatoma HepG2 cells. Our results show that the "Lemon + Boiling" approach substantially decreased the concentrations of halo-DBPs and the cytotoxicity of tap water. This strategy could be applied to control halo-DBPs, as well as to lower the adverse health effects of halo-DBPs on humans through tap water ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangru Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Chen H, Uzun H, Chow AT, Karanfil T. Low water treatability efficiency of wildfire-induced dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product precursors. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116111. [PMID: 32726739 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire could alter both the quantity and composition of terrestrial organic matter exported into source water, and water treatability of fire-impacted dissolved organic matter (DOM) could be different from its unburned counterpart. Currently, there is no standard protocol to treat wildfire-impacted source water. To identify the best treatment practices in handling post-fire runoffs, we conducted a systematic controlled study using leachates of unburned white fir (Abies concolor) and Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and black and white ashes (collected immediately and one year after the 2013 Rim Fire, California) to evaluate coagulation and oxidation strategies for controlling disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation. Results showed that the efficiency (%) of alum coagulation in removing dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen followed the order of litter > ash immediately after the fire > ash one year after the fire. Alum coagulation was less effectiveness in removing DOM and DBP precursors in ash leachates, compared to litter leachates. This may be attributed to the loss of side chains and the decrease of DOM molecular weight during the wildfire, thus inducing lower removal efficiency of the DOM and DBP precursors during the alum coagulation. Considering use of brominated flame retardants by firefighters, the addition of bromide (Br-) (100 μg/L) greatly increased the formation of haloacetonitriles by chlorine, and this increase was relatively lower in ash leachates. The influence of reaction time and pH on DOM reactivity was similar among the leachates of litter and ash samples. Our results show that alum coagulation followed by chloramination at alkaline pH is an effective strategy for reducing post-fire DBP formation in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29442, USA
| | - Habibullah Uzun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Alex T Chow
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29442, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29634, USA.
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Andrzejczyk NE, Greer JB, Nelson E, Zhang J, Rimoldi JM, Gadepalli RSV, Edwards I, Schlenk D. Novel Disinfection Byproducts Formed from the Pharmaceutical Gemfibrozil Are Bioaccumulative and Elicit Increased Toxicity Relative to the Parent Compound in Marine Polychaetes ( Neanthes arenaceodentata). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11127-11136. [PMID: 32794702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formation of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from pharmaceutically active compounds has been observed in water supply systems following wastewater chlorination. Although research has been limited thus far, several studies have shown that halogenated DBPs may elicit increased toxicity compared to their parent compounds. For example, the lipid regulator gemfibrozil has been shown to form chlorogemfibrozil (Cl-gemfibrozil) and bromogemfibrozil (Br-gemfibrozil) following chlorination, which are more potent antiandrogens in male Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) compared to their parent compounds. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the bioaccumulative ability of halogenated gemfibrozil DBPs in marine polychaetes via chronic sediment exposures and, consequently, to assess the chronic and acute toxicity of halogenated gemfibrozil DBPs through sediment (in vivo) and aqueous (in vivo and in silico) toxicity evaluations. Following 28 day sediment exposures, Cl-gemfibrozil and Br-gemfibrozil bioaccumulated within Neanthes arenaceodentata, with both compounds reducing survival and growth. The biota-sediment accumulation factors determined for Cl-gemfibrozil and Br-gemfibrozil were 2.59 and 6.86, respectively. Furthermore, aqueous 96 h toxicity tests with N. arenaceodentata indicated that gemfibrozil DBPs elicited increased toxicity compared to the parent compound. While gemfibrozil had an acute LC50 value of 469.85 ± 0.096 mg/L, Cl-gemfibrozil and Br-gemfibrozil had LC50 values of 12.34 ± 0.085 and 9.54 ± 0.086 mg/L, respectively. Although acute toxicity is relatively low, our results indicate that halogenated gemfibrozil DBPs are bioaccumulative and may elicit effects in apex food web organisms prone to accumulation following lifelong exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette E Andrzejczyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Justin B Greer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Eric Nelson
- San Jose Creek Water Quality Laboratory, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, Whittier, California 90601, United States
| | - Junqian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - John M Rimoldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Rama S V Gadepalli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Isaiah Edwards
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Liu J, Li Y, Jiang J, Zhang X, Sharma VK, Sayes CM. Effects of ascorbate and carbonate on the conversion and developmental toxicity of halogenated disinfection byproducts during boiling of tap water. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126890. [PMID: 32957290 PMCID: PMC8056440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine disinfection inactivates pathogens in drinking water, but meanwhile it causes the formation of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which may induce adverse health effects. Humans are unavoidably exposed to halogenated DBPs via tap water ingestion. Boiling of tap water has been found to significantly reduce the concentrations of halogenated DBPs. In this study, we found that compared with boiling only, adding ascorbate (vitamin C) or carbonate (baking soda) to tap water and then boiling the water further reduced the level of total organic halogen (a collective parameter for all halogenated DBPs) by up to 36% or 28%, respectively. Adding ascorbate removed the chlorine residual in tap water and thus prevented the formation of more halogenated DBPs in the boiling process. Adding carbonate elevated pH of tap water and consequently enhanced the hydrolysis (dehalogenation) of halogenated DBPs or led to the formation of more trihalomethanes that might volatilize to air during the boiling process. The comparative developmental toxicity of the DBP mixtures in the water samples was also evaluated. The results showed that adding a tiny amount of sodium ascorbate or carbonate (2.5-5.0 mg/L) to tap water followed by boiling for 5 min reduced the developmental toxicity of tap water to a substantially lower level than boiling only. The addition of sodium ascorbate or carbonate to tap water in household could be realized by preparing them in tiny pills. This study suggests simple and effective methods to reduce the adverse effects of halogenated DBPs on humans through tap water ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiangru Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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Liu J, Lujan H, Dhungana B, Hockaday WC, Sayes CM, Cobb GP, Sharma VK. Ferrate(VI) pretreatment before disinfection: An effective approach to controlling unsaturated and aromatic halo-disinfection byproducts in chlorinated and chloraminated drinking waters. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105641. [PMID: 32203804 PMCID: PMC7724572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is an essential process of drinking water treatment to eliminate harmful pathogens, but it generates potentially toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Ferrate (FeO42-, Fe(VI)) was used to pre-oxidize natural organic matter (NOM, the precursor of DBPs) in source water to control DBP formation in subsequent chlorine or chloramine disinfection. Currently, it is unclear how Fe(VI) changes the structure of NOM, and no information details the effect of Fe(VI) pretreatment on the aromatic DBPs or the speciation of overall DBPs generated in subsequent disinfection of drinking water. In the present paper, Fe(VI) was applied to pretreat simulated source water samples at a Fe(VI) to dissolved organic carbon mole ratio of 1:1 at pH 8.0. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was newly employed to characterize NOM in simulated source waters with and without Fe(VI) treatment, and it was demonstrated that Fe(VI) converted unsaturated aromatic C functional groups in NOM to saturated aliphatic ones. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and high performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole MS were applied to analyze the DBPs generated in chlorination and chloramination of the source waters with and without Fe(VI) pretreatment. It was confirmed that Fe(VI) pretreatment followed by chlorination (or chloramination), generated DBPs containing less unsaturated, halogenated, and aromatic moieties than chlorination (or chloramination) without pretreatment by Fe(VI). Finally, the cytotoxicity of disinfected drinking water samples were assessed with the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line (a model of the intestinal barrier for ingested toxicants), and the results show that Fe(VI) pretreatment detoxified the chlorinated and chloraminated drinking waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Henry Lujan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Birendra Dhungana
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | | | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - George P Cobb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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40
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Luo Y, Feng L, Liu Y, Zhang L. Disinfection by-products formation and acute toxicity variation of hospital wastewater under different disinfection processes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sumner AJ, Plata DL. A geospatially resolved database of hydraulic fracturing wells for chemical transformation assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:945-955. [PMID: 32037427 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00505f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulically fractured wells with horizontal drilling (HDHF) accounted for 69% of all oil and gas wells drilled and 670 000 of the 977 000 producing wells in 2016. However, only 238 flowback and produced water samples have been analyzed to date for specific organic chemicals. To aid the development of predictive tools, we constructed a database combining additive disclosure reports and physicochemical conditions at respective well sites with the goal of making synthesized analyses accessible. As proof-of-concept, we used this database to evaluate transformation pathways through two case studies: (1) a filter-based approach for flagging high-likelihood halogenation sites according to experimental criteria (e.g., for a model compound, cinnamaldehyde) and (2) a semi-quantitative, regionally comparative trihalomethane formation model that leverages an empirically derived equation. Study (1) highlighted 173 wells with high cinnamaldehyde halogenation likelihood based on combined criteria related to subsurface conditions and oxidant additive usage. Study (2) found that trihalomethane formation in certain wells within five specific basins may exceed regulatory limits for drinking water based on reaction-favorable subsurface conditions, albeit with wide uncertainty. While experimentation improves our understanding of subsurface reaction pathways, this database has immediate applications for informing environmental monitors and engineers about potential transformation products in residual fluids, guiding well operators' decisions to avoid unwanted transformations. In the future, we envision more robust components incorporating transformation, transport, toxicity, and other physicochemical parameters to predict subsurface interactions and flowback composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Sumner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Jiang B, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Yin Z, Feng L, Liu Y, Zhang L. Degradation behaviors of Isopropylphenazone and Aminopyrine and their genetic toxicity variations during UV/chloramine treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115339. [PMID: 31805497 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Combination of ultraviolet and chloramine (i.e., UV/chloramine) treatment has been attracting increasingly attention in recent years due to its high efficiency in removing trace organic contaminants. This study investigated the degradation behaviors of two pyrazolone pharmaceuticals (i.e., Isopropyl phenazone (PRP) and Aminopyrine (AMP)) and their genetic toxicity variations during UV/chloramine treatment. The results showed that chloramine could hardly degrade PRP and AMP, while UV/chloramine greatly increased the observed first-order rate constant (kobs) of PRP and AMP degradation. The quenching and probe experiments illustrated that the reactive chlorine species (RCS) contributed dominantly to PRP removal, and hydroxyl radical (HO•) was the major contributor to the degradation of AMP, while the reactive amine radicals (RNS) could hardly degrade them. The overall degradation rates of PRP and AMP decreased as pH increased from 6.5 to 10. The kobs of PRP and AMP increased along with NH2Cl dosage increasing and reached a plateau at higher concentrations (0.2-0.5 mM). The present background carbonate (HCO3-, 1-10 mM), chloride (Cl-, 1-10 mM) and natural organic matter (NOM, 5-10 mg-C L-1) exhibited inhibition impacts on PRP and AMP degradation. In addition, the intermediates/products of PRP and AMP were identified and their general degradation pathways were proposed to be hydroxylation, deacetylation, and dephenylization. Specifically, Cl-substitution was inferred during PRP degradation, while demethylation in tertiary amine group was only observed in AMP degradation. These mechanisms including the main reactive sites of PRP and AMP were further confirmed by the frontier orbitals calculation. Moreover, the results of the genetic toxicity according to the micronucleus test of Viciafaba root tip indicated that UV/chloramine treatment could partially reduce the genetic toxicity of PRP and AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yajun Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ze Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Huang G, Ng TW, Chen H, Chow AT, Liu S, Wong PK. Formation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) during drinking water disinfection: A microbiological prospect of disinfection byproducts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105389. [PMID: 31838266 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection processes might alter the chemical structure of biological recalcitrant natural organic matter (NOM) in source water to form assimilable organic carbon (AOC), which can be readily utilized by microbes for growth. However, AOC has not been classified as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) before and little is known about the chemical and structural nature of AOC. This study, for the first time, considers the disinfection-induced AOC as DBPs from a microbiological perspective. The AOC formation by three types of disinfection processes, i.e., chlorination, UVC irradiation (254 nm) and photocatalysis represented by TiO2-UVA in drinking water containing two reference NOM materials of Suwannee River and Nordic Reservoir (SRNOM and NRNOM, respectively) were comparatively benchmarked using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as inoculum. Results showed that chlorination caused a substantial increase in AOC content, whereas TiO2-UVA led to a moderate increase in AOC content and UVC rendered the AOC content unchanged, independent of the types of NOM. Molecular weight indicated by spectral slope ratio and fluorescence fingerprint were found to not provide critical information about the AOC formation potential. FTIR and FT-ICR-MS results indicated that the AOC formation by chlorination was attributed to the oxidation and chlorine substitution on aromatic molecules to form molecules with carboxylic- and alcohol- functionalities, as well as chlorinated aromatics. These molecules could be metabolized and assimilated by Pseudomonas species by a catechol pathway. The results obtained in this study can provide valuable insight regarding the selection of proper technologies for disinfection to prevent microbial growth/regrowth in the distributing system and is intended to encourage more thinking and research on AOC as a new prospect of DBPs during disinfection of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tsz-Wai Ng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Huan Chen
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC, USA
| | - Alex T Chow
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC, USA.
| | - Shengwei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Po Keung Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Fujioka T, Yoshikawa H, Eguchi M, Boivin S, Kodamatani H. Application of stabilized hypobromite for controlling membrane fouling and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124939. [PMID: 31726604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chloramination is a conventional and successful pre-disinfection approach to control biological fouling for reverse osmosis (RO) treatment in water reuse. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using a new disinfectant-stabilized hypobromite-in controlling membrane fouling and the formation of a particular carcinogenic disinfection byproduct (DBP)-N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Our accelerated chemical exposure tests showed that the new disinfectant reduced the permeability of a polyamide RO membrane permeability from 6.7 to 4.1 L/m2hbar; however, its treatment impact was equivalent to that of chloramine. The disinfection efficacy of stabilized hypobromite was greater than that of chloramine when evaluated with intact bacterial counts, which suggests its potential for mitigating membrane biofouling. Additional pilot-scale tests using synthetic wastewater demonstrated that pre-disinfection with the use of stabilized hypobromite inhibits membrane fouling. Among 13 halogenated DBPs evaluated, the formation of bromoform by stabilized hypobromite was higher than that by chloramine at a high dose of 10 mg/L, thus suggesting the need for optimizing chemical doses for achieving sufficient biofouling mitigation. NDMA formation upon stabilized hypobromite treatment in two different types of actual treated wastewaters was found to be negligible and considerably lower than that by chloramine treatment. In addition, NDMA formation potential by stabilized hypobromite was 2-5 orders of magnitude lower than that by chloramine. Our findings suggest the potential of using stabilized hypobromite for controlling NDMA formation and biofouling, which are the keys to successful potable water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujioka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Hiro Yoshikawa
- R&D Center, Organo Corporation, 4-4-1 Nishionuma Minamiku, Sagamihara, 252-0332, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eguchi
- R&D Center, Organo Corporation, 4-4-1 Nishionuma Minamiku, Sagamihara, 252-0332, Japan
| | - Sandrine Boivin
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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Diaz M, Cataldo M, Ledezma P, Keller J, Doederer K. Unravelling the mechanisms controlling the electro-generation of ferrate using four iron salts in boron-doped diamond electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dong F, Liu J, Li C, Lin Q, Zhang T, Zhang K, Sharma VK. Ferrate(VI) pre-treatment and subsequent chlorination of blue-green algae: Quantification of disinfection byproducts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105195. [PMID: 31654918 PMCID: PMC7711035 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) from seasonal algal blooms may be an important precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. This paper presents the effect of ferrate(VI) treatment on two blue-green algae, Chlorella sp. and Pseudanabaena limnetica, in eutrophic water. The results demonstrated that Fe(VI) removed the algal cells by causing cell death, apoptosis, and lost integrity, and decreased AOM (in terms of total organic carbon) in water via oxidation and coagulation. Chlorination of the Fe(VI) pre-oxidized algal water samples generated halogenated DBPs (including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloketones, chloral hydrate, haloacetonitriles, and trichloronitromethane), but the concentrations of DBPs were lower than those formed in the chlorinated samples without pre-treatment by Fe(VI). Higher Fe(VI) dose, longer oxidation time, and alkaline pH were beneficial in controlling DBPs. In bromide-containing algal solutions, negligible amount of bromo-DBPs were generated in the Fe(VI) pre-oxidation, and halogenated DBPs were mainly formed in the subsequent chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Dong
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Cong Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiufeng Lin
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Han Q, Dong W, Wang H, Ma H, Liu P, Gu Y, Fan H, Song X. Degradation of tetrabromobisphenol a by ozonation: Performance, products, mechanism and toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:701-712. [PMID: 31279120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the performance of ozonation on tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) degradation under different ozone dosages (5.21-83.33 μmoL/L), initial solution pH (3.0-11.0) and temperatures (10-50 °C). At the same time, the generations of inorganic products (bromide ion and bromate) under different experimental conditions were evaluated and the organic products were also identified. Then, the possible mechanism was proposed and verified by the quantum chemical calculation. In addition, variations and controlling of the toxicity were also analyzed, including acute toxicity, chronic toxicity and genotoxicity. Ozonation was proved to be an efficient and promising technology for removing TBBPA from water. TBBPA of 1.84 μmoL/L could be completely degraded within 5 min under the ozone dosage of 41.67 μmoL/L in wide ranges of pH (3.0-11.0) and temperature (10-40 °C). During the degradation of TBBPA, over 65% of the average bromine ion was detected and nine products were identified. The proposed degradation pathways verified that TBBPA might undergo addition and stepwise oxidative debromination, the hydrogen extraction, and the deprotonation. The results of toxicity testing showed that ozonation could effectively control the acute and chronic toxicity of the water samples, although the toxicity increased in the initial reaction stage due to the accumulation of more toxic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yurong Gu
- School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongkai Fan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Sumner AJ, Plata DL. Oxidative Breakers Can Stimulate Halogenation and Competitive Oxidation in Guar-Gelled Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8216-8226. [PMID: 31276388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of flowback samples derived from horizontally drilled hydraulic fracturing (HDHF) operations reveal consistent detections of halogenated organic species , yet the source of these compounds remains uncertain. Studies simulating subsurface conditions have found that oxidative "breakers" can halogenate certain additives, but these pathways are unverified in the presence of cross-linked-gels, common features of HDHF operations. Using a high-throughput custom reactor system, we implemented a reaction matrix to test the capacity for halogenation of two frequently disclosed compounds with demonstrated halogenation pathways (cinnamaldehyde and citric acid) across guar gels with varied types and concentrations of cross-linkers and oxidative breakers. Cinnamaldehyde halogenation proceeded most readily in borate cross-linked gels at high ammonium persulfate dosages. Citric acid formed trihalomethanes (THMs) broadly across the matrix, generating brominated THMs at higher levels of hypochlorite breaker. Isolated removals of cross-linker or guar enhanced or diminished certain product formations, highlighting additional capacities for relevant ingredients to influence halogenation. Finally, we analyzed flowback samples from the Denver-Julesberg Basin, finding that additions of oxidant enhanced halogenation. As a more realistic subsurface simulation, this work demonstrates strict criteria for the subsurface halogenation of cinnamaldehyde and the broad capacity for THM formation due to systematic oxidant usage as gel breakers in HDHF operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Sumner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Ziegler G, Gonsior M, Fisher DJ, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Tamburri MN. Formation of Brominated Organic Compounds and Molecular Transformations in Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) after Ballast Water Treatment with Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Dihydrate (DICD). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8006-8016. [PMID: 31194530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine water treated with a ballast water management system (BWMS) using a solution of dissolved dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate (DICD) resulted in the formation of newly described brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs). Analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in untreated water with ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) identified 3897 m/z ions and their exact molecular formulas. After DICD treatment, a total of 213 halogenated molecular ions with relative abundance of at least 1% were assigned and confirmed using isotope simulation. Halogenated ions were assigned in four DBP elemental groups including CHOBr (180), CHONBr (13), CHOCl (16), and CHOBrCl (4). Forty-nine of the 197 brominated formulas have not been previously reported. We also were able to tentatively assign possible structures to the formula C3HBr3N2 due to very limited isomeric possibilities. The tentatively assigned compound found at 6.4% relative abundance was identified as either tribromoimidazole or tribromopyrazole. Our results show the formation of complex halogenated DBPs that are formed in the treatment of water with a novel BWMS that employs granular DICD as a biocide. The toxicological and mutagenic properties as well as the fate of these newly identified brominated DBPs are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Ziegler
- University of Maryland , College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Wye Research and Education Center , Queenstown , Maryland 21658 , United States
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Chesapeake Biological Laboratory , Solomons , Maryland 20688 , United States
| | - Daniel J Fisher
- University of Maryland , College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Wye Research and Education Center , Queenstown , Maryland 21658 , United States
- University of Maryland , College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Environmental Science and Technology , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry , D-85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Technische Universität München , Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry , D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
| | - Mario N Tamburri
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Chesapeake Biological Laboratory , Solomons , Maryland 20688 , United States
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Sharma VK, Feng M. Water depollution using metal-organic frameworks-catalyzed advanced oxidation processes: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:3-16. [PMID: 28993029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review on the environmental applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are inorganic-organic hybrid highly porous crystalline materials, prepared from metal ion/clusters and multidentate organic ligands. The emphases are made on the enhancement of the performance of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (photocatalysis, Fenton reaction methods, and sulfate radical (SO4-)-mediated oxidations) using MOFs materials. MOFs act as adsorption and light absorbers, leading to superior performance of photocatalytic processes. More recent examples of photocatalytic degradation of dyes are presented. Additionally, it is commonly shown that Fe-based MOFs exhibited excellent catalytic performance on the Fenton-based and SO4•--mediated oxidations of organic pollutants (e.g., dyes, phenol and pharmaceuticals). The significantly enhanced generation of reactive species such as OH and/or SO4- by both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis was proposed as the possible mechanism for water depollution. Based on the existing literature, the challenge and future perspectives in MOF-based AOPs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender K Sharma
- Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Road, 1266 TAMU College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Road, 1266 TAMU College Station, TX 77843, USA
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