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Eguren-García I, Sumalla-Cano S, Conde-González S, Vila-Martí A, Briones-Urbano M, Martínez-Díaz R, Elío I. Risk Factors for Eating Disorders in University Students: The RUNEAT Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:942. [PMID: 38727499 PMCID: PMC11083517 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess the risk of developing general eating disorders (ED), anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN), as well as to examine the effects of gender, academic year, place of residence, faculty, and diet quality on that risk. Over two academic years, 129 first- and fourth-year Uneatlántico students were included in an observational descriptive study. The self-administered tests SCOFF, EAT-26, and BITE were used to determine the participants' risk of developing ED. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was used to evaluate the quality of the diet. Data were collected at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the academic year. The main results were that at T1, 34.9% of participants were at risk of developing general ED, AN 3.9%, and BN 16.3%. At T2, these percentages were 37.2%, 14.7%, and 8.5%, respectively. At T2, the frequency of general ED in the female group was 2.5 times higher (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.22-5.32, p = 0.012). The low-moderate adherence to the MD students' group was 0.92 times less frequent than general ED at T2 (OR: 0.921, 95%CI: 0.385-2.20, p < 0.001). The most significant risk factor for developing ED is being a female in the first year of university. Moreover, it appears that the likelihood of developing ED generally increases during the academic year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Eguren-García
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Sandra Conde-González
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
| | - Anna Vila-Martí
- Research Group M3O, Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Mercedes Briones-Urbano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Department of Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR 00613, USA
| | - Raquel Martínez-Díaz
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Bié, Angola
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de La Romana, La Romana 22000, Dominican Republic
| | - Iñaki Elío
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
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Kiser ET, Sinclair KL, Tullos EA, Ratcliff CG. Associations between disordered eating and body focused repetitive behaviors in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1184-1191. [PMID: 35549835 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2070713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College students with disordered eating (DE) are at increased risk of body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Both DE and BFRBs are described as impulsive and compulsive. However, the associations of impulsive DE with impulsive BFRBs and compulsive DE with compulsive BFRBs have not been examined. Methods: 191 college-aged students completed a survey of BFRBs and DE. Results: Participants who reported hair pulling were twice as likely to report clinically significant DE than those who denied hair pulling (p = .022). Participants who endorsed distressing hair pulling (p = .026), skin picking (p = .052), and nail biting (p = .094) were twice as likely to report clinically significant DE than those who were not distressed by these behaviors. Evidence did not support the association of BFRBs and DE along an impulsive/compulsive continuum. Conclusions: Results suggest that BFRBs and DE often co-occur, and the role of impulsivity and compulsivity in these behaviors is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emalee T Kiser
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Kelsey L Sinclair
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Emily A Tullos
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Chelsea G Ratcliff
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
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Sawant NS, More SR, Singh SD, Agrawal AS, Chauhan A. Eating behaviours, social media usage, and its association: A cross-sectional study in Indian medical undergraduates. Ind Psychiatry J 2024; 33:127-132. [PMID: 38853814 PMCID: PMC11155659 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_298_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite increasing incidence, there is little data on abnormal eating behaviours or disorders in Indian youth, especially medical students. Additionally, little literature exists measuring the association of social media use with abnormal eating behaviours. Aim To assess the prevalence of abnormal eating behaviours amongst medical students, social media usage, and any association of social media usage with eating behaviours. Materials and Methods An online cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted with 272 participants at a medical college, and two scales: the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 21items (TFEQ-R21) and the Scale of Effects of social media on Eating Behaviour (SESMEB) were used. Results 22% of the participants reported abnormal eating behaviours. A significant difference in the effect of social media on eating behaviour according to the year of study [f = 3.08, P = 0.02] was seen with the final years having the lowest and the first years having the highest SESMEB scores. Students using more than 4 social media platforms had a higher SESMEB score [t = -2.02, P < 0.04]. A positive correlation was seen between TFEQ domains such as uncontrolled eating [r = 0.38, P = 0.01], emotional eating [r = 0.30, P = 0.01], and TFEQ total score [r = 0.40, P = 0.01] with SESMEB scores. Conclusion This study finds a significant correlation between increased social media usage and developing abnormal eating behaviours in medical students. It highlights the need for the creation of policies regulating social media use with eating behaviours in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Sanjiv Sawant
- Departments of Psychiatry, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shermeen Rajesh More
- Medical Undergraduates, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Ansh Sanjay Agrawal
- Medical Undergraduates, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ananya Chauhan
- Medical Undergraduates, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Yoon C, Joseph T, Moussa G, Voss T, Ledoux T, Johnston C. Associations of positive childhood experiences with binge-eating disorder characteristics and intuitive eating among college students. Appetite 2023; 191:107073. [PMID: 37802219 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Childhood experiences encompass both adverse and positive childhood events. Adverse childhood experiences are positively associated with binge-eating disorder characteristics and inversely associated with intuitive eating in adults. However, to what extent positive childhood experiences (PCEs) are associated with binge-eating disorder characteristics and intuitive eating remains unclear. This study examined the associations of cumulative and individual PCEs with binge-eating disorder characteristics and intuitive eating among college students. Data were collected from 828 college students in 2022 (54.5% female, Mage 20.9 ± 2.6 years). PCEs were assessed using the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale. Binge-eating disorder characteristics were assessed with the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5. Intuitive eating was assessed with the Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Associations of PCEs with binge-eating disorder characteristics and intuitive eating were examined using modified Poisson regressions and linear regressions. PCEs were cumulatively associated with binge-eating disorder characteristics and intuitive eating (p for trend <.05). College students in the low PCEs category (0-4 PCEs) had 1.37-1.92 times the prevalence of binge-eating disorder characteristics and had 3.89 points lower intuitive eating score than those in the high PCEs category (9-10 PCEs). Among the individual PCEs, intrapersonal PCE (i.e., feeling comfortable with oneself during childhood) was associated with both a lower prevalence of binge-eating disorder characteristics (aPR = 0.56-0.76) and a higher score of intuitive eating (adjusted β = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.28-2.46) after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Findings from this study suggest that PCEs may play a role in eating behaviors of college students. Future studies with nationally representative samples should prospectively examine associations of PCEs with binge-eating disorder characteristics and intuitive eating and explore the underlying mechanisms of the associations between PCEs and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Yoon
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Temperance Joseph
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Genesis Moussa
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Trenton Voss
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Tracey Ledoux
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Craig Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Pacanowski CR, Dominick G, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Cao L, Linde JA. Daily self-weighing compared with an active control causes greater negative affective lability in emerging adult women: A randomized trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1695-1713. [PMID: 37339756 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Age-related weight gain prevention may reduce population overweight/obesity. Emerging adulthood is a crucial time to act, as rate of gain accelerates and health habits develop. Evidence supports self-weighing (SW) for preventing weight gain; however, how SW impacts psychological states and behaviors in vulnerable groups is unclear. This study assessed daily SW effects on affective lability, stress, weight-related stress, body satisfaction, and weight-control behaviors. Sixty-nine university females (aged 18-22) were randomized to daily SW or temperature-taking (TT) control. Over 2 weeks, participants completed five daily ecological momentary assessments with their intervention behavior. A graph of their data with a trendline was emailed daily, with no other intervention components. Multilevel mixed models with random effect for day assessed variability in positive/negative affect. Generalized linear mixed models assessed outcomes pre- and post-SW or TT and generalized estimating equations assessed weight-control behaviors. Negative affective lability was significantly greater for SW versus TT. While general stress did not differ between groups, weight-related stress was significantly higher and body satisfaction was significantly lower post-behavior for SW but not TT. Groups did not significantly differ in the number or probability of weight-control behaviors. Caution is advised when recommending self-weighing to prevent weight gain for emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Pacanowski
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - G Dominick
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - R D Crosby
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - S G Engel
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - L Cao
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - J A Linde
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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de Macêdo PFC, Brito E, de Magalhães Cunha C, da Purificação Nazaré Araújo M, Martins PC, de Santana MLP. Weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of weight gain concern and psychological distress. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:78. [PMID: 37759035 PMCID: PMC10533574 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the relationship between weight stigma experiences and disordered eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic is mediated by weight gain concern and psychological distress among university students with and without overweight. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with university students from five regions of Brazil who participated in the baseline assessment of the Online Cohort on Eating Behavior and Health (July/August 2020). Information on the frequency of binge eating episodes, food restriction, and purging, as well as experienced weight stigma, weight gain concern, and psychological distress, were recorded in an online questionnaire. Stratified structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to address the research questions of interest. RESULTS Out of the total sample (n = 2511), 33.5% of participants reported experiencing weight stigma. The prevalence of binge eating episodes, food restriction, and purging was 43.7%, 24.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. These behaviors were more prevalent in individuals with overweight than in those without this condition. Furthermore, it was observed that weight gain concern and psychological distress mediated the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors regardless of body weight status. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors were prevalent among Brazilian university students, especially among those with overweight. Weight gain concern and psychological distress appear to be important factors underlying the relationship between these constructs during the pandemic, and they can contribute to the development of targeted strategies for the prevention and management of disordered eating. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edleide Brito
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carla de Magalhães Cunha
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Canela, Rua Basílio da Gama, Salvador, BA, 40110-907, Brazil
| | | | - Poliana Cardoso Martins
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Canela, Rua Basílio da Gama, Salvador, BA, 40110-907, Brazil
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Tankeu AT, Pavlidou DC, Superti-Furga A, Gariani K, Tran C. Overweight and obesity in adult patients with phenylketonuria: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:37. [PMID: 36814307 PMCID: PMC9945382 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight is a rising concern in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). It is commonly observed in children and adolescents with PKU; but data on adults are inconsistent. This review aims to summarize available data on excess weight in adult PKU individuals. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of literature in English, from inception to October 2021, on PubMed and Embase to identify articles on overweight and obesity in adult PKU patients. Prevalence of overweight and obesity, body mass index (BMI) and gender differences were the outcomes of interest. RESULTS Of 260 articles identified, only 8 fulfilled quality criteria for inclusion after screening of titles, abstracts and full texts. The mean BMI of adult PKU patients in these studies ranged from 26 ± 5.4 to 30.3 ± 1.8 kg/m2. When compared to matched controls, adult PKU patients had higher BMI and higher prevalence of obesity. However, results were inconsistent when PKU adults were compared to the general population. The prevalence of obesity in the included studies varied widely between 4.5% up to 72% in individual studies. Obesity was 2-3 times more frequent in female PKU patients. CONCLUSIONS Excess weight is frequent in adult PKU patients, especially in females, even if the difference with the general population is debatable. The heterogeneity of the studies makes it difficult to interpret the results and the factors that contribute to obesity. Content of the diet, psychological status, diet-associated disordered eating, patient's social environment and lifestyle are listed as potentials contributors to excess weight in PKU adult population. Further studies are needed to better elucidate this question. In the meantime, weight control and healthy eating habits should be considered in the management and follow-up of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel T. Tankeu
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Despina Christina Pavlidou
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gariani
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christel Tran
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Palermo M, Rancourt D, Juarascio A. Athlete-specific risk factors for the development of disordered eating behaviors in first-year college athletes. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36595568 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2151842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study tested whether proposed sport-related risk factors for disordered eating behaviors were associated with increases in disordered eating over first-year college athletes' first four months of collegiate sport participation. PARTICIPANTS Participants included a sample of first-year college athletes (N = 59, 45% female) from a Division I National Collegiate Athletics Association (DI) university. METHOD This follow-up study tested whether 1) wearing a uniform that emphasizes body concerns, 2) participating in a lean sport, and 3) perceived pressure for thinness from coaches and teammates would lead to increases in weight/shape concerns and disordered eating behaviors over the first four months of collegiate sport participation. RESULTS Wearing a uniform that emphasizes body concerns and perceived coach pressure for thinness predicted increases in weight/shape concern. Both teammate and coach pressure for thinness predicted increases in restrained eating behaviors. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that there are identifiable, athlete-specific risk factors for the development of disordered eating behaviors among first-year college athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Palermo
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Adrienne Juarascio
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Osa ML, Kelly NR, Calogero RM. Disordered eating symptoms as a function of perceived weight status and race: An intersectional examination. Body Image 2022; 43:337-347. [PMID: 36265414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating (DE) exhibited by individuals with intersecting marginalized identities may be less likely to be perceived as pathological compared to DE exhibited by individuals with non-marginalized identities. The present experiment tested the intersectional impact of weight status and race stimuli on responses to DE in a college sample. Undergraduate students (N = 193, Mage = 18.57, SD = 1.88, 71 % female) read a fictional account from a female target with DE who was described as "underweight," "average weight," or "overweight," and "White" or "Black." Participants completed an in-lab survey assessing detection of and responses to DE. Three 2 (race: Black, White) x 3 (weight status: underweight, average weight, overweight) ANCOVAs revealed a main effect of weight status. DE was more likely to be detected in "underweight" than "average" and "overweight" targets (p < .001). Participants encouraged weight loss for "average" and "overweight" targets compared to "underweight" targets (p < .001) and encouraged weight restoration for "underweight" targets compared to "average weight" and "overweight" targets (p < .001). No significant effects for target race or interaction between weight status and race emerged. These findings underscore the salience of weight status in shaping perceptions of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie L Osa
- Department of Counseling and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Department of Counseling and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Rachel M Calogero
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hao M, Fang Y, Yan W, Gu J, Hao Y, Wu C. Relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2054. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With an increasing incidence of obesity, the relationship between obesity and body image has become a hot research topic worldwide. From high school to university, young people experience changes in their social environment. University students have a high incidence of eating disorders and insufficient physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China.
Methods
In total, 1296 university students aged 18–23 years were recruited for this study. The participants completed anthropometric measurements, the Physical Activity Rating scale-3 (PARS-3), and the Chinese-Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (C-DEBQ). The ideal weight and silhouette were reported by university students using a questionnaire.
Results
Compared with men, young women had a higher level of body dissatisfaction. For men, body mass index (BMI; β = 0.76, P < 0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11, P < 0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.10, P < 0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction. For women, BMI (β = 0.57, P < 0.01), muscle mass (β = 0.12, P < 0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11, P < 0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.09, P < 0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction.
Conclusions
University students with high body dissatisfaction had lower physical activity scores and higher restrained eating scores. The data presented here highlight the impact of university students’ body dissatisfaction on physical activity deficiency and disordered eating behaviors in China.
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McLean CP, Kulkarni J, Sharp G. Disordered eating and the meat-avoidance spectrum: a systematic review and clinical implications. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2347-2375. [PMID: 35729472 PMCID: PMC9556390 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Meat avoidance has long been thought to be related to eating psychopathology; however, research does not necessarily support this notion. Furthermore, commonly used eating disorder scales may be picking up on normal meat-avoiding behaviours in vegetarians and vegans. As such, we systematically reviewed the association between vegetarianism, veganism, and disordered eating, and reviewed the psychometric properties of eating disorder scales for use in these populations. METHODS We searched electronic databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and CINAHL for literature published until June 2021. RESULTS Forty-eight studies met eligibility criteria, with no consensus as to whether meat avoidance was associated with higher rates of disordered eating. Most studies reported a significant positive association with both vegetarianism and veganism, and orthorexia nervosa. Six studies provided evidence for the use of eating disorder measures in vegetarians and vegans, reporting poor psychometric fit among all scales. CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights the extent to which vegetarians and vegans have been highly understudied, with limited research suggesting higher levels of orthorexia nervosa behaviours in vegetarians and vegans. Furthermore, our results provide tentative evidence that the factorial validity of commonly used eating disorder scales, such as the EDE-Q, may be poor in vegans. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P McLean
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre, Monash University, 4/607 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Jayashri Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre, Monash University, 4/607 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Gemma Sharp
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre, Monash University, 4/607 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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Katcher JA, Suminski RR, Pacanowski CR. Impact of an Intuitive Eating Intervention on Disordered Eating Risk Factors in Female-Identifying Undergraduates: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12049. [PMID: 36231362 PMCID: PMC9566585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restraint and low body appreciation are common among female-identifying undergraduates and are related to the development of disordered eating, which female-identifying undergraduates engage in throughout college. Training students in intuitive eating, an approach that promotes eating by internal cues, may be a way to ameliorate dietary restraint and low body appreciation, ultimately decreasing disordered eating. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a five-week intuitive eating intervention on dietary restraint, body appreciation, and intuitive eating in female-identifying undergraduates. A five-week intuitive eating intervention (NCT0394700) was facilitated by two Registered Dietitians. One treatment group (TG) (n = 7) and one waitlist control group (WLCG) (n = 7) participated in the trial. From baseline to post-intervention, there was a significant decrease in dietary restraint, t(12) = -2.88, p = 0.01, and a significant increase in intuitive eating, t(12) = 4.03, p = 0.002, in the TG compared to the WLCG. The intervention had replicable effects on all outcome variables. Measurements at the five-week follow-up suggested the impact was sustained. This study provides preliminary data suggesting an intuitive eating intervention may help improve disordered eating risk factors by decreasing dietary restraint and increasing intuitive eating in female-identifying undergraduates.
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Keshishian AC, Christian C, Williams BM, Spoor SP, Peiper NC, Levinson CA. A Network Analysis Investigation of Disordered Eating Across Demographic and Developmental Subpopulations Using a National Epidemiological Sample of High School Students. Behav Ther 2022; 53:535-545. [PMID: 35473655 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating (DE) poses a large societal burden, yet limited research has examined DE from a developmental epidemiological perspective. It is important to consider how demographics influence DE symptoms to inform prevention and early intervention programs across diverse subpopulations. Therefore, we conducted network analyses using a large nationally representative epidemiological sample of high school students (Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States; n = 59,582) to identify the most important symptoms and symptom relationships among six DE behaviors. We compared networks by sex, grade, and race to identify differences in symptom networks. Dieting for weight loss was highly central across networks. Networks significantly differed across sex, grade, and race. Our results suggest that dieting for weight loss may be an early intervention target for eating disorders, regardless of demographic and developmental factors. In addition, sex, race, and age should be accounted for when researching and developing prevention programs for DE and eating disorders. Public health officials, as well as mental health professionals, should present a more balanced message about dieting and weight loss to high school students to prevent the detrimental impact of DE on physical and mental health. Notably, this study is the first large, nationwide epidemiological sample using DE symptoms in network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas C Peiper
- University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences
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Royer MF, Ojinnaka CO, Bruening M. Food Insecurity is Related to Disordered Eating Behaviors Among College Students. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:951-956. [PMID: 34561153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between food insecurity and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in undergraduate college students. METHODS Cross-sectional data of college students (n = 533) were collected from February to April 2020. Food security was measured with the US Department of Agriculture's Adult Food Security Survey Module. Disordered eating behaviors were measured with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Associations were examined statistically with Pearson chi-square tests of independence and general linear regression models. RESULTS Across all food security ranges, linear trends detailed significant associations between food insecurity and global DEBs (β = 0.17; P < 0.001), eating concern (β = 0.27; P < 0.001), shape concern (β = 0.17; P = 0.001), and weight concern (β = 0.21; P < 0.001), but not restraint (β = 0.10; P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Food insecurity was consistently related to DEBs. Future research may consider longitudinally examining this relationship, as food insecurity and DEBs may be associated with worse health outcomes among vulnerable college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Royer
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ.
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Sergentanis TN, Chelmi ME, Liampas A, Yfanti CM, Panagouli E, Vlachopapadopoulou E, Michalacos S, Bacopoulou F, Psaltopoulou T, Tsitsika A. Vegetarian Diets and Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 8:children8010012. [PMID: 33379220 PMCID: PMC7823335 DOI: 10.3390/children8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are more common among adolescents and young adults. An increase in the rates of these disorders has been reported during the last years. Meanwhile, vegetarianism is becoming more popular in these age groups. The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the association between eating disorders and vegetarian diets in adolescents and young adults. METHODS Systematic review of related articles published in PubMed, PsycInfo and Google Scholar up to 30 May 2019. RESULTS A total of 20 studies (14,391 subjects) were deemed eligible for this systematic review. The majority of the studies reported significant correlations between vegetarianism and eating disorders. However, due to the cross-sectional design, a causal link between eating disorders and vegetarian status cannot be established. CONCLUSIONS Vegetarianism seems to be associated with eating disorders. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal patterns between vegetarianism and the emergence of disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros N. Sergentanis
- MSc Program “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (T.N.S.); (M.-E.C.); (C.-M.Y.); (E.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Chelmi
- MSc Program “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (T.N.S.); (M.-E.C.); (C.-M.Y.); (E.P.); (T.P.)
- Clinical Psychopathology, University of Macedonia, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Liampas
- Medical School, Department of Neurology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Yfanti
- MSc Program “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (T.N.S.); (M.-E.C.); (C.-M.Y.); (E.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Eleni Panagouli
- MSc Program “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (T.N.S.); (M.-E.C.); (C.-M.Y.); (E.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefanos Michalacos
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, “Agia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- MSc Program “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (T.N.S.); (M.-E.C.); (C.-M.Y.); (E.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Tsitsika
- MSc Program “Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health”, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (T.N.S.); (M.-E.C.); (C.-M.Y.); (E.P.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-2107710824
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de Matos AP, Rodrigues PRM, Fonseca LB, Ferreira MG, Muraro AP. Prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and associated factors in Brazilian university students. Nutr Health 2020; 27:231-241. [PMID: 33161871 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020971136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students may be a vulnerable group to adopt unhealthy behaviors, including changes in eating behavior. Assessment of factors associated with the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors in this population may facilitate the early identification of their predictors, thus allowing fast interventions. AIM To analyze the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and associated factors in Brazilian university students. METHODS Cross-sectional study of male and female students aged 16-25 years, enrolled in full-time degree program at a public university in the mid-west of Brazil. Disordered eating behaviors in the last three months (binge eating, purging, and food restriction), through an adapted version of the instrument developed by Hay, was evaluated and the association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, including lifestyle, body image, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and excess weight, was analyzed. A hierarchical analysis model was performed to determine the relative importance of factors on the prevalence of DEB. RESULTS A total of 1608 university students were evaluated (50.7% male). Prevalence of DEB was 4.4% for binge eating, 2.5% for purging and 9.1% for food restriction, all of which were higher among women (7.0%, 4.4%, and 13.5%) compared with men (1.8%, 0,6%, and 4.9%, respectively). The factors that remained significantly associated with these behaviors were female sex, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, dissatisfaction with body image, excess weight, high perceived stress, and presence of self-reported depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Factors associated with DEB signal that intervention is required to create synergy between individual and population-level interventions in lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Barbosa Fonseca
- Faculdade de Nutrição, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira
- Faculdade de Nutrição, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muraro
- Faculdade de Nutrição, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Chan YL, Samy AL, Tong WT, Islam MA, Low WY. Eating Disorder Among Malaysian University Students and Its Associated Factors. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 32:334-339. [PMID: 32787612 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520947879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorder is highly prevalent among university students worldwide. However, in Malaysia, studies on eating disorder is scanty and were mostly conducted among medical students. A stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit participants in a university based in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1017/1132 students (response rate: 89.8%). The questionnaires administered was a combination of the Eating Attitude Test-26 and items related to perceived body weight, body mass index, trying to weight loss, tobacco use, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression. Descriptive analyses were performed to provide background information of at-risk students by gender. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors of eating disorder. The results showed that 13.9% of the university students were at risk of eating disorder. Students who were trying to lose weight and had posttraumatic stress disorder predicted eating disorder. Hence, eating disorder among university students merits attention and requires implementations of public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li Chan
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Lourdes Samy
- Centre for ASEAN Regionalism University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wen Ting Tong
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Wah Yun Low
- Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Alvarenga MDS, Santos TSS, Andrade D. Item Response Theory-based validation of a short form of the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS-s) to a Brazilian sample. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00169919. [PMID: 32130318 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00169919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate a short version of the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS-s). To this end, 2,902 adult individuals answered the original DEAS and informed age, weight, and height. Data were analyzed using the full-information factor analysis and Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis. Exclusion criteria retained items with adequate values of commonality and factor loadings. Estimation of IRT parameters, the Item Characteristic Curve (ICC), and test information guided the selection of the best quality items. The final model adjustment was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMSR), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI). The eating attitudes on each level of DEAS-s were described. The analyses were performed on R software and Microsoft Excel version 2013. As results, six items were excluded because of the low communalities and factor loadings, and one more was excluded because of an overlapping on the ICC. The remaining 17 items explained 0.53 of the total variance and had an adequate goodness-of-fit (RMSEA = 0.05; SRMSR = 0.05; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98). The information test is more accurate between the scores 0 and +3. Scores higher or equal to 1.5 identified individuals with disordered eating attitudes. Women, older individuals, and those with a higher body mass index presented more disordered eating; thus, the one-dimensional and short version of DEAS showed a suitable adjustment and may contribute to properly evaluate disordered eating in diverse populations.
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