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Muteeb G, Rehman MT, Shahwan M, Aatif M. Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1615. [PMID: 38004480 PMCID: PMC10675245 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, saving countless lives since their discovery in the early 20th century. However, the origin of antibiotics is now overshadowed by the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance. This global crisis stems from the relentless adaptability of microorganisms, driven by misuse and overuse of antibiotics. This article explores the origin of antibiotics and the subsequent emergence of antibiotic resistance. It delves into the mechanisms employed by bacteria to develop resistance, highlighting the dire consequences of drug resistance, including compromised patient care, increased mortality rates, and escalating healthcare costs. The article elucidates the latest strategies against drug-resistant microorganisms, encompassing innovative approaches such as phage therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and the exploration of natural compounds. Moreover, it examines the profound impact of antibiotic resistance on drug development, rendering the pursuit of new antibiotics economically challenging. The limitations and challenges in developing novel antibiotics are discussed, along with hurdles in the regulatory process that hinder progress in this critical field. Proposals for modifying the regulatory process to facilitate antibiotic development are presented. The withdrawal of major pharmaceutical firms from antibiotic research is examined, along with potential strategies to re-engage their interest. The article also outlines initiatives to overcome economic challenges and incentivize antibiotic development, emphasizing international collaborations and partnerships. Finally, the article sheds light on government-led initiatives against antibiotic resistance, with a specific focus on the Middle East. It discusses the proactive measures taken by governments in the region, such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, to combat this global threat. In the face of antibiotic resistance, a multifaceted approach is imperative. This article provides valuable insights into the complex landscape of antibiotic development, regulatory challenges, and collaborative efforts required to ensure a future where antibiotics remain effective tools in safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Muteeb
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia;
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Moayad Shahwan
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Feroz A, Khaki PSS, Khan MS, Bano B. Protein aggregation as a consequence of non-enzymatic glycation: Therapeutic intervention using aspartic acid and arginine. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1844-1858. [PMID: 32956747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation tempted AGEs of proteins are currently at the heart of a number of pathological conditions. Production of chemically stable AGEs can permanently alter the protein structure and function, concomitantly leading to dilapidated situations. Keeping in perspective, present study aims to report the glycation induced structural and functional modification of a cystatin type isolated from rai mustard seeds, using RSC-glucose and RSC-ribose as model system. Among the sugars studied, ribose was found to be most potent glycating agent as evident from different biophysical assays. During the course of incubation, RSC was observed to pass through a series of structural intermediates as revealed by circular dichroism, altered intrinsic fluorescence and high ANS binding. RSC incubation with ribose post day 36 revealed the possible buildup of β structures as observed in CD spectral analysis, hinting towards the generation of aggregated structures in RSC. High thioflavin T fluorescence and increased Congo red absorbance together with enhanced turbidity of the modified form confirmed the aggregation of RSC. The study further revealed anti-glycation and anti-aggregation potential of amino acids; aspartic acid and arginine as they prevented and/or slowed down the process of AGEs and β structure buildup in a concentration dependent manner with arginine proving to be the most effective one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Feroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, U.P., India; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
| | | | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, U.P., India; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, U.P., India.
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Insight into the binding of glycerol with myoglobin: Spectroscopic and MD simulation approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:433-443. [PMID: 32360459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stability of proteins plays a significant role not only in their biological function but also in medical science and protein engineering. Since proteins are only stable in special conditions, maintaining their stability and function in biological and biotechnological applications may pose serious challenges. Osmolytes provide a general method of shielding proteins from the unfolding and aggregation caused by extreme stress on the environment. In such studies, the researchers used spectroscopic and simulation approaches to study the alterations of the myoglobin structure and stability in glycerol presence. Experimental results showed a stability improvement of the complex myoglobin-glycerol. After the addition of glycerol resulting in the initiation of hydrogen bonds and higher levels of hydrophobicity, the increase of the Tm was observed. The static mode quenching observed in this study. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bindings had a decisive and significant role concerning the stability of protein which was consistent with the modeling results. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the glycerol presence could enhance myoglobin stability. The consistency between the theoretical studies and experimental findings demonstrates that the method proposed in this study could provide a useful method for protein-ligand complex investigations.
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Hussain A, AlAjmi MF, Rehman MT, Amir S, Husain FM, Alsalme A, Siddiqui MA, AlKhedhairy AA, Khan RA. Copper(II) complexes as potential anticancer and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: In vitro and in vivo studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5237. [PMID: 30918270 PMCID: PMC6437194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-based compounds are promising entities for target-specific next-generation anticancer and NSAIDS therapeutics. In lieu of this, benzimidazole scaffold plays an important role, because of their wide variety of potential functionalizations and coordination modes. Herein, we report three copper complexes 1-3 with benzimidazole-derived scaffolds, a biocompatible molecule, and secondary ligands viz, 1-10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridyl. All the copper complexes have been designed, synthesized and adequately characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. In-vitro, human serum albumin (HSA) binding was also carried out using fluorescence technique and in-silico molecular modeling studies, which exhibited significant binding affinities of the complexes with HSA. Furthermore, copper complexes 1-3 were tested for biological studies, i.e., anticancer as well as NSAIDS. In vitro cytotoxicity results were carried out on cultured MCF-7 cell lines. To get the insight over the mechanism of action, GSH depletion and change in lipid peroxidation were tested and thus confirmed the role of ROS generation, responsible for the cytotoxicity of the complexes 1-3. Moreover, the copper complexes 1-3 were tested for potential to act as NSAIDS on albino rats and mice in animal studies in-vivo. Additionally, we also predicted the mechanism of action of the copper complexes 1-3 using molecular modeling studies with COX-2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fahad AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira Amir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood Ahmad Siddiqui
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A AlKhedhairy
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Hussain A, Alajmi MF, Khan MA, Pervez SA, Ahmed F, Amir S, Husain FM, Khan MS, Shaik GM, Hassan I, Khan RA, Rehman MT. Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle (AgNP) From Pandanus odorifer Leaf Extract Exhibits Anti-metastasis and Anti-biofilm Potentials. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30853939 PMCID: PMC6396724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and the associated secondary bacterial infections are leading cause of mortality, due to the paucity of effective drugs. Here, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from organic resource and confirmed their anti-cancer and anti-microbial potentials. Microwave irradiation method was employed to synthesize AgNPs using Pandanus odorifer leaf extract. Anti-cancer potential of AgNPs was evaluated by scratch assay on the monolayer of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, indicating that the synthesized AgNPs inhibit the migration of RBL cells. The synthesized AgNPs showed MIC value of 4-16 μg/mL against both Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacterial strains, exhibiting the anti-microbial potential. Biofilm inhibition was recorded at sub-MIC values against Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacterial strains. Violacein and alginate productions were reduced by 89.6 and 75.6%, respectively at 4 and 8 μg/mL of AgNPs, suggesting anti-quorum sensing activity. Exopolysaccharide production was decreased by 61-79 and 84% for Gram -ve and Gram +ve pathogens respectively. Flagellar driven swarming mobility was also reduced significantly. Furthermore, In vivo study confirmed their tolerability in mice, indicating their clinical perspective. Collective, we claim that the synthesized AgNPs have anti-metastasis as well as anti-microbial activities. Hence, this can be further tested for therapeutic options to treat cancer and secondary bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meraj A Khan
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Syed A Pervez
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Electrochemical Energy Storage, Ulm, Germany
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira Amir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science & General Studies, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad M Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd S Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gouse M Shaik
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rais A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Siddiqui MF, Bano B. A biophysical insight into the formation of aggregates upon trifluoroethanol induced structural and conformational changes in garlic cystatin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:7-17. [PMID: 29902773 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are responsible for the transition of soluble proteins into aggregated form. Trifluoroethanol is among such potent extrinsic factor which facilitates the formation of aggregated structure. It disrupts the interactive forces and destabilizes the native structure of the protein. The present study investigates the effect of trifluoroethanol (TFE) on garlic cystatin. Garlic cystatin was incubated with increasing concentration of TFE (0-90% v/v) for 4 h. Incubation of GPC with TFE induces structural changes thereby resulting in the formation of aggregates. Inactivation of garlic phytocystatin was confirmed by cysteine proteinase inhibitory activity. Garlic cystatin at 30% TFE exhibits native-like secondary structure and high ANS fluorescence, thus suggesting the presence of molten globule state. Circular dichroism and FTIR confirmed the transition of the native alpha-helical structure of garlic cystatin to the beta-sheet structure at 60% TFE. Furthermore, increased ThT fluorescence and redshift in Congo red absorbance assay confirmed the presence of aggregates. Rayleigh and turbidity assay was also performed to validate the aggregation results. Scanning electron microscopy was followed to analyze the morphological changes which confirm the presence of sheath-like structure at 60% TFE. The study sheds light on the conformational behavior of a plant protein when kept under stress condition induced by an extrinsic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Maryam L, Sharma A, Azam MW, Khan SN, Khan AU. Understanding the mode of binding mechanism of doripenem to human serum albumin: Spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches. J Mol Recognit 2018; 31:e2710. [PMID: 29603446 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria are widely treated with carabapenem antibiotics as a drug of choice, and human serum albumin (HSA) plays a vital role in binding with drugs and affecting its rate of delivery and efficacy. So, we have initiated this study to characterize the mechanism of doripenem binding and to locate its site of binding on HSA by using spectroscopic and docking approaches. The binding of doripenem leads to alteration of the environment surrounding Trp-214 residue of HSA as observed by UV spectroscopic study. Fluorescence spectroscopic study revealed considerable interaction and complex formation of doripenem and HSA as indicated by Ksv and Kq values of the order of 104 M-1 and 1012 M-1 s-1 , respectively. Furthermore, doripenem quenches the fluorescence of HSA spontaneously on a single binding site with binding constant of the order of 103 M-1 , through an exothermic process. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding are the major forces operating to stabilize HSA-doripenem complex. Circular dichroism spectroscopic study showed changes in the structure of HSA upon doripenem binding. Drug displacement and molecular docking studies revealed that the binding site of doripenem on HSA is located on subdomain IB and III A. This study concludes that, due to significant interaction of doripenem on either subdomain IB or IIIA of HSA, the availability of doripenem on the target site may be compromised. Hence, there is a possibility of unavailability of threshold amount of drug to be reached to the target; consequently, resistance may develop in the bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Maryam
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ashima Sharma
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd W Azam
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shahper N Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Glycation induced conformational alterations in caprine brain cystatin (CBC) leads to aggregation via passage through a partially folded state. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:917-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rabbani N, Tabrez S, Islam BU, Rehman MT, Alsenaidy AM, AlAjmi MF, Khan RA, Alsenaidy MA, Khan MS. Characterization of colchicine binding with normal and glycated albumin: In vitro and molecular docking analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3453-3462. [PMID: 28990867 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1389661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transport of more than 90% of the drugs viz. anticoagulants, analgesics, and general anesthetics in the blood takes place by albumin. Hence, albumin is the prime protein needs to be investigated to find out the nature of drug binding. Serum albumin molecules are prone to glycation at elevated blood glucose levels as observed in diabetics. In this piece of work, glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was carried out with glyceraldehyde and characterized by molecular docking and fluorometry techniques. Glycation of BSA showed 25% loss of free amino groups and decreased protein fluorescence (60%) with blue shift of 6 nm. The present study was also designed to evaluate the binding of colchicine (an anti-inflammatory drug) to native and glycated BSA and its ability to displace 8-analino-1-nephthalene sulfonic acid (ANS), from the BSA-ANS complex. Binding of ANS to BSA showed strong binding (Ka = 4.4 μM) with native conformation in comparison to glycated state (Ka = 8.4 μM). On the other hand, colchicine was able to quench the fluorescence of native BSA better than glycated BSA and also showed weaker affinity (Ka = 23 μM) for glycated albumin compared with native state (Ka = 16 μM). Molecular docking study showed that both glyceraldehyde and colchicine bind to common residues located near Sudlow's site I that explain the lower binding of colchicine in the glycated BSA. Based on our results, we believe that reduced drugs-binding affinity to glycated albumin may lead to drugs accumulation and precipitation in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayyar Rabbani
- a Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- b King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Badar Ul Islam
- c Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- d Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alsenaidy
- a Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- d Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- e Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alsenaidy
- f Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- a Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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Al-Yousef HM, Ahmed AF, Al-Shabib NA, Laeeq S, Khan RA, Rehman MT, Alsalme A, Al-Ajmi MF, Khan MS, Husain FM. Onion Peel Ethylacetate Fraction and Its Derived Constituent Quercetin 4'- O-β-D Glucopyranoside Attenuates Quorum Sensing Regulated Virulence and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1675. [PMID: 28928721 PMCID: PMC5591837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance and pathogenesis of bacteria could be related to their ability to sense and respond to population density, termed quorum sensing (QS). Inhibition of the QS system is considered as a novel strategy for the development of antipathogenic agents, especially for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections. In the present study, the anti-QS activity of Onion peel ethylacetate fraction (ONE) was tested against Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. ONE inhibit the QS-mediated virulence factors production such as violacein in C. violaceum and elastase, pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa. Further, the treatment with sub-MICs of ONE significantly inhibited the QS-mediated biofilm formation, EPS (Extracellular polymeric substances) production and swarming motility. Further, quercetin 4′-O-β-D glucopyranoside (QGP) was isolated from ONE and its anti-QS potential was confirmed after observing significant inhibition of QS-controlled virulence factors such as violacein, elastase, pyocyanin and biofilm formation in test pathogens. Molecular docking analysis predicted that QGP should be able to bind at the active sites of Vfr and LasR, and if so blocks the entry of active sites in Vfr and LasR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Al-Yousef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atallah F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Al-Shabib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameen Laeeq
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Rais A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md T Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Al-Ajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Fohad M Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Khashaba AMA. Subchronic toxicity of Nile tilapia with different exposure routes to Microcystis aeruginosa: Histopathology, liver functions, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Vet World 2017; 10:955-963. [PMID: 28919690 PMCID: PMC5591486 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.955-963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic cyanobacterial blooms (Microcystis aeruginosa contains microcystins [MCs]) have been reported to induce clinicopathological alterations as well as different oxidative stress in aquatic biota. AIM Three-week subchronic exposure experiment was carried out on Nile tilapia, to determine their effects on fish behavior, tissues, liver functions, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fish were exposed to four main treatments; orally fed diet plus toxic cells of M. aeruginosa (containing 3500 µg/g MC-LR), immersion in 500 µg MC-LR/L, intraperitoneal injection of M. aeruginosa MC-LR with a dose of 0.1 ml of extracted toxin at a dose of 200 μg/kg bwt, and the fourth one served as a control group, then the fish were sacrificed at the end of 3rd week of exposure. RESULTS The results revealed no recorded mortality with obvious behavioral changes and an enlarged liver with the congested gall bladder. Histopathology demonstrated fragmentation, hyalinization, and necrosis of the subcutaneous musculature marked fatty degeneration, and vacuolation of hepatopancreatic cells with adhesion of the secondary gill lamellae associated with severe leukocytic infiltration. Furthermore, liver functions enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidase, and catalase enzymes) were significantly increased in all treatments starting from the 2nd week as compared to the control levels. CONCLUSION In this context, the study addresses the possible toxicological impacts of toxic M. aeruginosa contain MC-LR to Nile tilapia, and the results investigated that MC-LR is toxic to Nile tilapia in different routes of exposure as well as different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University (Matrouh Branch), Fuka City, Box: 51744, Matrouh Province, Egypt
| | - A M Abou Khashaba
- Department of Food Inspection, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza Province, Egypt
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12
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Maryam L, Khan AU. Synergistic Effect of Doripenem and Cefotaxime to Inhibit CTX-M-15 Type β-Lactamases: Biophysical and Microbiological Views. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:449. [PMID: 28725196 PMCID: PMC5496960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CTX-M-15 type β-lactamase has the ability to hydrolyse cefotaxime, a third generation cephalosporin. The infections caused by multidrug resistant strains, especially CTX-M-15 producing strains are being treated with carbapenem group of β-lactam antibiotics. The objective of the study was to know if cefotaxime in combination with doripenem (carbapemen antibiotic) at very low concentration, inhibits the CTX-M-15 producing bacterial strains. blaCTX−M−15 gene was cloned to express CTX-M-15 enzyme and construct CTX-M-15 producing strain. The clone carrying CTX-M-15 was found susceptible to doripenem. Doripenem and CTX-M-15 binding was an endothermic and spontaneous process leading to change in polarity in the micro-environment and conformational changes of enzyme as shown by fluorescence, UV and CD spectroscopic study. The catalytic efficiency of CTX-M-15 enzyme was reduced to about 15.86% when it was treated with doripenem along with cefotaxime (in 5 times molar ratio each of doripenem and cefotaxime w.r.t CTX-M-15), as compared to the studies where enzyme's efficiency was increased by 33% when treated with cefotaxime alone. Hence, doripenem in combination with cefotaxime reduces enzyme's efficiency to hydrolyse cefotaxime by about 48%. FIC study showed that doripenem paired with cefotaxime showed synergistic effect against CTX-M-15 producing bacterial strain. The study concludes that doripenem at very low concentration (25 nM), induces such a structural changes in CTX-M-15 which reduced enzyme's activity to hydrolyse cefotaxime. Hence, the synergistic use of doripenem and cefotaxime plays a significant role in inhibiting the efficiency of CTX-M-15 type β-lactamase, and may provide an alternative approach to reduce the resistance against the cephalosporin type antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Maryam
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
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Maryam L, Khan AU. Structural insight into mode of binding of Meropenem to CTX-M-15 type β-lactamase. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maryam L, Khan AU. A Mechanism of Synergistic Effect of Streptomycin and Cefotaxime on CTX-M-15 Type β-lactamase Producing Strain of E. cloacae: A First Report. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2007. [PMID: 28018328 PMCID: PMC5156679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A blaCTX-M-15 gene is one of the most prevalent resistant marker found in member of enterobacteriaceae. It encodes cefotaxime hydrolysing β-lactamase-15 (CTX-M-15) causing resistance against beta lactam antibiotics. Since single antibiotic therapy fails to control infection caused by multidrug resistance strain, therefore combination therapy was came into practice as an effective treatment. We have first time explained the mechanism where two antibiotics of different classes work against resistant strains. Binding parameters obtained by spectroscopic approach showed significant interaction and complex formation between drugs and CTX-M-15 enzyme with decreased ksv and kq values. CD analysis showed altered conformation and significant changes in alpha helical content of CTX-M-15 enzyme on interaction with streptomycin in combination with cephalosporin. Steady state kinetics revealed decrease in hydrolytic efficiency of enzyme to about 27% by cooperative binding behavior upon sequential treatment of enzyme with streptomycin and cefotaxime. Therefore, the study concludes that combination therapy against CTX-M-15 producing strain with Cefotaxime/Streptomycin in 1:10 molar ratio, decreases CTX-M-15 efficiency significantly because of the fact that streptomycin induced structural changes in CTX-M-15 hence cefotaxime was not properly bound on its active site for hydrolysis rather available for the target to inhibit bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Maryam
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India
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Ishtikhar M, Rahisuddin, Khan MV, Khan RH. Anti-aggregation property of thymoquinone induced by copper-nanoparticles: A biophysical approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1174-1182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Khaki PSS, Feroz A, Amin F, Rehman MT, Bhat WF, Bano B. Structural and functional studies on a variant of cystatin purified from brain of Capra hircus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1693-1709. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1191375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Feroz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Fakhra Amin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Feeroze Bhat
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
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Zaidi S, Haque MA, Ubaid-ullah S, Prakash A, Hassan MI, Islam A, Batra JK, Ahmad F. Denatured states of yeast cytochrome c induced by heat and guanidinium chloride are structurally and thermodynamically different. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1420-1435. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1185039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Zaidi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Anzarul Haque
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shah Ubaid-ullah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir (CUK), Sonwar Campus, Srinagar 190004, India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Janendra K. Batra
- Immunochemistry Lab, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Wang YT, Cheng TL. Refined models of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 with inhibitors: an QM/MM modeling study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2214-23. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, P.R. China
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, P.R. China
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Rehman MT, Ahmed S, Khan AU. Interaction of meropenem with ‘N’ and ‘B’ isoforms of human serum albumin: a spectroscopic and molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:1849-64. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1094411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tabish Rehman
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202 002, India
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202 002, India
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202 002, India
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Rehman MT, Shamsi H, Khan AU. Insight into the binding mechanism of imipenem to human serum albumin by spectroscopic and computational approaches. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1785-97. [PMID: 24745377 DOI: 10.1021/mp500116c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of interaction between imipenem and HSA was investigated by various techniques like fluorescence, UV.vis absorbance, FRET, circular dichroism, urea denaturation, enzyme kinetics, ITC, and molecular docking. We found that imipenem binds to HSA at a high affinity site located in subdomain IIIA (Sudlow's site I) and a low affinity site located in subdomain IIA.IIB. Electrostatic interactions played a vital role along with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions in stabilizing the imipenem.HSA complex at subdomain IIIA, while only electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions were present at subdomain IIA.IIB. The binding and thermodynamic parameters obtained by ITC showed that the binding of imipenem to HSA was a spontaneous process (ΔGD⁰(D)= -32.31 kJ mol(-1) for high affinity site and ΔGD⁰(D) = -23.02 kJ mol(-1) for low affinity site) with binding constants in the range of 10(4)-10(5) M(-1). Spectroscopic investigation revealed only one binding site of imipenem on HSA (Ka∼10(4) M(-1)). FRET analysis showed that the binding distance between imipenem and HSA (Trp-214) was optimal (r = 4.32 nm) for quenching to occur. Decrease in esterase-like activity of HSA in the presence of imipenem showed that Arg-410 and Tyr-411 of subdomain IIIA (Sudlow's site II) were directly involved in the binding process. CD spectral analysis showed altered conformation of HSA upon imipenem binding. Moreover, the binding of imipenem to subdomain IIIA (Sudlow's site II) of HSA also affected its folding pathway as clear from urea-induced denaturation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tabish Rehman
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202 002, India
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