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Yang X, Hu J, Zhang B, Ding H, Hu D, Li H. The relationship between mental health literacy and professional psychological help-seeking behavior among Chinese college students: mediating roles of perceived social support and psychological help-seeking stigma. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1356435. [PMID: 38939229 PMCID: PMC11208703 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health literacy is viewed as a significant factor that may facilitate an individual's pursuit of professional psychological assistance. However, it is important to explore further influencing factors that might underlie this association. This study, employing the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), aims to examine the relationship between mental health literacy and the behavior of seeking professional psychological help, with a focus on the potential mediating roles of perceived stigma and social support in this context. Methods We surveyed 911 college students in seven regions of China (406 males and 505 females, aged between 19 and 25 years old; M age = 19.65, SD = 1.41) utilizing self-report measures, including the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire, Professional Psychological Help-Seeking Behavior Scale, Professional Psychological Help-Seeking Stigma Scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. A chain mediation model was developed to analyze the interconnections between mental health literacy, stigma related to seeking psychological help, perceived social support, and professional psychological help-seeking behaviors. Results The mediation effect analysis indicates that: (1) mental health literacy significantly positively correlates with professional psychological help-seeking behaviors; (2) both perceived social support and professional psychological help-seeking stigma significantly mediate the relationship between mental health literacy and professional psychological help-seeking behavior; (3) perceived social support and the stigma associated with seeking professional psychological help play a chained mediating effect between mental health literacy and the behavior of seeking professional psychological help. Discussion This study found that mental health literacy indirectly facilitates professional psychological help-seeking behaviors by enhancing the perception of social support and reducing the stigma associated with seeking such help. These findings help in understanding how improving mental health literacy and perceived social support while reducing stigma can increase the likelihood of individuals seeking professional psychological assistance. The results are significant for enhancing the utilization of mental health services and implementing mental health education programs in universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Marxism, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingren Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Ding
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danying Hu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, China
| | - Hangdong Li
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Fisak B, Penna A, Mian ND, Lamoli L, Margaris A, Cruz SAMFD. The Effectiveness of Anxiety Interventions for Young Children: A Meta-Analytic Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:1-12. [PMID: 37362628 PMCID: PMC10205556 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-023-02596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety symptoms and disorders are prevalent and impairing in young children and these symptoms often persist and worsen over time, indicating the need for efficacious interventions for this age group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions targeting anxiety in younger children and to assess the potential moderators of outcome. The effect sizes from 24 trials were assessed based on a random effect model. The mean weighted effect size was found to be significant and moderate in magnitude. Moderators, including level of intervention, intervention approach, rater, and level of training of the provider/program facilitator, are assessed and discussed. Overall, the findings indicate that anxiety interventions are effective in reducing anxiety in young children, and targeted trials show particularly strong promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fisak
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Ann Marie F. Dela Cruz
- University of Central Florida/HCA Healthcare Graduate Medical Education Consortium Psychiatry Residency Program of Greater Orlando, Orlando, FL USA
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Therriault D, Lane J, Houle A, Dupuis A, Gosselin P, Thibault I, Dionne P, Morin P, Dufour M. Effects of the HORS‐PISTE universal anxiety prevention program measured according to initial level of student problems. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyka Therriault
- Department of Psychoeducation Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Julie Lane
- RBC Centre of Academic Expertise in Mental Health Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Andrée‐Anne Houle
- RBC Centre of Academic Expertise in Mental Health Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Audrey Dupuis
- RBC Centre of Academic Expertise in Mental Health Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Patrick Gosselin
- Department of Psychology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Isabelle Thibault
- Department of Psychoeducation Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Patricia Dionne
- Department of Vocational Guidance Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Pascale Morin
- Department of Anthropokinetics Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Magali Dufour
- Department of Psychology Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
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The Cool Kids as a School-Based Universal Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Anxiety: Results of a Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020941. [PMID: 35055763 PMCID: PMC8775776 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of the Cool Kids program has been consistently demonstrated both within Australia and internationally, but limited data are available on the use of Cool Kids as a universal program. The purpose of the study is to evaluate Cool Kids as a universal program for preventing childhood anxiety in the school context. There were 73 Italian children (35 boys and 36 girls, ages 10–13 years) attending the last year of primary school and the first year of middle school who participated in an active intervention based on a school adaptation of the Cool Kids protocol. Results of t-test analyses highlighted a downward trend of anxiety symptoms, especially in total anxiety, somatic anxiety, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social anxiety and school phobia at post-treatment assessed by children. Even the score of depression symptoms, measured as a second outcome measure, decreased after the treatment. This study contributes to the evidence base for the Cool Kids program as a universal program for preventing childhood anxiety in the school context. Although these preliminary results show some promise, their replication in future research is necessary given current study limitations.
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Hateli B. The effect of non‐directive play therapy on reduction of anxiety disorders in young children. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Hateli
- General Psychology, Educational Sciences and Psychology Department University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran
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Lozano Montes L, Balakrishnan V, Gopalakrishnan S. Effects of Integrated Amrita Meditation Technique on Anxiety, Depression, and Plasma Neurotransmitters on a Healthy Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial Followed by a Case-Control Study. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:641-648. [PMID: 34037436 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to study the short-term effects of Integrated Amrita Meditation (IAM) technique in anxiety and depression states and to have a better understanding on the underlying physiological changes related to short-term and long-term IAM practice. Design: Short-term IAM practitioners (ST-IAM) and long-term IAM practitioners (LT-IAM) were compared to control groups of the same age and naïve to yoga and meditation (ST-control and LT-control, respectively). Settings/Location: Kerala, India. Subjects: People that did not suffer from any major medical condition. All participants were naïve to yoga and meditation practices, except for the 5 LT-IAM practitioners. Intervention: ST-IAM practitioners underwent 2 community IAM practices and 5 individual IAM practices. LT-IAM practitioners (performing IAM regularly for more than 4 years) underwent a community IAM practice before the study. Outcome measures: Anxiety and depression states and physiological parameters from ST-IAM and ST-control groups were assed in two different visits (before and after the week of IAM practice or control condition). LT-IAM and LT-control subjects' physiological measurements were taken in only one visit. Results: Short-term IAM practice significantly decreased anxiety and depression states; two way ANOVA indicated differences on anxiety and depression scores across visits between ST-IAM and ST-control groups (Group effect: F(1, 25) = 6.083, p = 0.0209; F(1, 25) = 4.449, p = 0.0451). However, no changes were observed on their physiological parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and dopamine and GABA plasma levels). Interestingly, LT-IAM practitioners showed increased GABA plasma levels than the LT-control group (p = 0.0358, t = 2.521, df = 8). Conclusions: Our study indicates the possible role of IAM technique on modulations of the plasma GABAergic levels and shows that one week of IAM practice is accompanied by a significant decrease of anxiety and depression states in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lozano Montes
- Department of Physiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, India
| | | | - Suja Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Physiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, India
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Urao Y, Ohira I, Koshiba T, Ishikawa SI, Sato Y, Shimizu E. Classroom-based cognitive behavioural therapy: a large-scale non-randomised controlled trial of the 'Journey of the Brave'. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:21. [PMID: 33894787 PMCID: PMC8070271 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, 'Journey of the Brave', a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based anxiety preventive education programme, was previously developed and its effectiveness examined in two small-scale controlled trials. These studies had some limitations, including a small number of participants and not having regular classroom teachers as programme facilitators. Therefore, we conducted a large-scale controlled trial, with teachers as programme implementers. METHODS Twenty-seven elementary schools participated: 1622 and 1123 children were allocated to the intervention and control groups, respectively. The intervention group received a programme comprising ten 45-min sessions, while the control group underwent the regular school curriculum. Anxiety symptoms among participants were assessed using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) at three stages (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up). RESULTS Following primary analysis, estimated mean changes in SCAS from baseline to follow-up were - 4.91 (95% CI - 5.91, - 3.90) in the intervention group and - 2.53 (95% CI - 3.52, - 1.54) in the control group; the group difference was 2.37 (95% CI 1.42, 3.33, p < 0.0001). Children in the intervention group showed significant reduction in their anxiety score versus children in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a statistically significant anxiety score reduction in the intervention group, thus verifying the programme's effectiveness. Trial registration The University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN): UMIN000032517. Registered 10 May 2018-Retrospectively registered, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000037083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Urao
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ikuyo Ohira
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takako Koshiba
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | | | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
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Prince EJ, Siegel DJ, Carroll CP, Sher KJ, Bienvenu OJ. A longitudinal study of personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders in young adults. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 34:299-307. [PMID: 33190525 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1845431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders relate longitudinally has implications for etiologic research and prevention. We sought to determine how neuroticism and extraversion relate to first-onset anxiety and depressive disorders in young adults. DESIGN An inception cohort of 489 university freshmen was followed for 6 years. METHOD Participants self-reported personality traits using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Anxiety and depressive disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS Baseline neuroticism predicted first-onset panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), while introversion predicted first-onset agoraphobia (moderate-large effects). Participants who developed panic disorder, agoraphobia, GAD, or MDD had increases in neuroticism if the disorder was current at follow-up (moderate-large effects). Participants who developed MDD but were in remission by follow-up had a moderate increase in neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS High neuroticism in young adulthood is either a true risk factor, or marker of risk, for first-onset anxiety and depressive disorders, as is low extraversion for agoraphobia. The current data suggest large neuroticism "state" effects for panic disorder, agoraphobia, and MDD, and moderate "scar" effects from MDD. Though many clinicians and researchers regard personality traits simply as "vulnerability" factors, longitudinal analyses suggest additional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Prince
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - C Patrick Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - O Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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9
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Fjermestad KW, Wergeland GJ, Rogde A, Bjaastad JF, Heiervang E, Haugland BSM. School-based targeted prevention compared to specialist mental health treatment for youth anxiety. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2020; 25:102-109. [PMID: 32307836 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'FRIENDS for life' program (FRIENDS) is a 10-session cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program used for prevention and treatment of youth anxiety. There is discussion about whether FRIENDS is best applied as prevention or as treatment. METHODS We compared FRIENDS delivered in schools as targeted prevention to a previous specialist mental health clinic trial. The targeted prevention sample (N = 82; Mage = 11.6 years, SD = 2.1; 75.0% girls) was identified and recruited by school nurses in collaboration with a community psychologist. The clinical sample (N = 88, Mage = 11.7 years, SD = 2.1; 54.5% girls) was recruited for a randomized controlled trial from community child- and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics and was diagnosed with anxiety disorders. RESULTS Both samples showed significantly reduced anxiety symptoms from baseline to postintervention, with medium mean effect sizes across raters (youths and parents) and timepoints (post; 12-months follow-up). Baseline youth-reported anxiety symptom levels were similar between the samples, whereas parent-reported youth anxiety was higher in the clinical sample. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that self-reported anxiety levels may not differ between youth recruited in schools and in clinic settings. The results indicate promising results of the FRIENDS program when delivered in schools by less specialized health personnel from the school health services, as well as when delivered in clinics by trained mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister W Fjermestad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Siggerud, Norway
| | - Gro Janne Wergeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Chile Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Psychiatric Division, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jon F Bjaastad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Chile Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Bente Storm Mowatt Haugland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Chile Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
Abstract
Anxiety is often mentioned in people’s daily life, especially in the field of medicine and psychology. For nursing, a clear understanding of anxiety is conducive to clinical nursing practice and research. Under the guidance of the Walker and Avant method, this article conducts a concept analysis of anxiety that provides a comprehensive and rounded analysis of anxiety and helps nurses gain a better understanding of anxiety.
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L’éducation à la santé mentale à l’école : vécu, besoins et attentes exprimés par les étudiants en France. L'ENCEPHALE 2019; 45:384-390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Young Children: A Dutch Open Trial of the Fun FRIENDS Program. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2019.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnxiety disorders in young children are highly prevalent and increase the risk of social, school, and familial problems, and also of psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Nevertheless, effective interventions for this age group are lacking. One of the few available interventions is the Fun FRIENDS program. We examined whether young children with anxiety disorders showed less anxiety after participating in Fun FRIENDS. Twenty-eight clinically anxious children (4–8 years old) participated in the cognitive behavioural Fun FRIENDS program. The program consists of 12 weekly 1.5-hour sessions and was provided in groups of 3 to 5 children. At preintervention and direct postintervention, parents completed the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children and Child Behavior Checklist. Clinically and statistically significant decreases were found in number of anxiety disorders, symptom interference, emotional and behavioural problems, internalising problems, and anxiety problems. The decrease in anxious/depressed problems and externalising problems was not significant. Furthermore, higher preintervention anxiety levels predicted more treatment progress, whereas sex and age did not. The Dutch version of Fun FRIENDS is promising in treating anxiety disorders in young children. Randomised controlled trials are needed to draw definite conclusions on the effectiveness of Fun FRIENDS in a clinical setting.
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Williams AA. The Next Step in Integrated Care: Universal Primary Mental Health Providers. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2019; 27:115-126. [PMID: 31087238 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-019-09626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Current models of mental health care often do not address three barriers to mental health: the binary view of mental illness (healthy vs. mentally ill), stigma, and prevention. Care models where some patients are selected for referral or consultation with a mental health professional can reinforce this binary view and the stigma associated with seeing mental health services. By only selecting patients who currently are experiencing mental health problems, current integrated care models do not offer sufficient avenues for prevention. To address these barriers, this article proposes building on current models through the development of primary mental health providers (PMHPs). PMHPs-like primary care providers-would provide regular check-ups, assessments, prevention interventions, first-line treatment, or referral to more specialized professionals. This universal approach will help decrease the binary view of mental health, decrease the stigma of seeing a mental health professional through universal access, and improve prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne A Williams
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 1919 W Taylor St., MCC 663, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Prevention of Anxiety and Depression in Swedish School Children: a Cluster-Randomized Effectiveness Study. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 19:147-158. [PMID: 28730396 PMCID: PMC5801374 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed at evaluating FRIENDS for Life, an intervention to prevent anxiety and depression in Swedish school children. A total of 695 children between the ages of 8 and 11 were recruited from 17 schools in Stockholm, Sweden, and cluster-randomized to either the intervention or control group. Teachers in the intervention group received a full day of training and administered FRIENDS for Life in their classrooms. We assessed the children’s anxiety and depressive symptoms, general mental health, and academic performance at pre- and post-intervention as well as at the 12-month follow-up. A multi-informant approach was used with data collected from children, parents, and teachers. Assessment was done with the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, Children’s Depression Inventory, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Children’s baseline symptoms, gender, and age as well as their teacher’s use of supervision were examined as moderators of effect. Our study found no short- or long-term effects of the intervention for any outcome with regard to the entire sample. We found an enhanced effect of the intervention regarding children with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline. We found a decrease in anxiety symptoms among children whose teachers attended a larger number of supervision sessions, compared to children whose teachers attended fewer supervised sessions or the control group. Mediation analyses showed that this effect was driven by change in the last phase of the intervention, suggesting that supervision might play an important role in enhancing teachers’ ability to administer the intervention effectively.
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Gulliver A, Farrer L, Bennett K, Ali K, Hellsing A, Katruss N, Griffiths KM. University staff experiences of students with mental health problems and their perceptions of staff training needs. J Ment Health 2018; 27:247-256. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1466042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia,
| | - Louise Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia,
| | - Kylie Bennett
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia,
| | - Kathina Ali
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia,
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, and
| | - Annika Hellsing
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, and
| | - Natasha Katruss
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia,
| | - Kathleen M. Griffiths
- College of Biology, Medicine & Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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16
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Schnyder N, Michel C, Panczak R, Ochsenbein S, Schimmelmann BG, Schultze-Lutter F. The interplay of etiological knowledge and mental illness stigma on healthcare utilisation in the community: A structural equation model. Eur Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 29518618 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stigma of mental illness, especially personal attitudes towards psychiatric patients and mental health help-seeking, is an important barrier in healthcare utilisation. These attitudes are not independent of each other and are also influenced by other factors, such as mental health literacy, especially the public's causal explanations for mental problems. We aimed to disentangle the interrelations between the different aspects of stigma and causal explanations with respect to their association with healthcare utilisation. METHODS Stigma and causal explanations were assessed cross-sectional using established German questionnaires with two unlabelled vignettes (schizophrenia and depression) in a random-selection representative community sample (N = 1375, aged 16-40 years). They were interviewed through a prior telephone survey for current mental disorder (n = 192) and healthcare utilisation (n = 377). Structural equation modelling was conducted with healthcare utilisation as outcome and stigma and causal explanations as latent variables. The final model was additionally analysed based on the vignettes. RESULTS We identified two pathways. One positive associated with healthcare utilisation, with high psychosocial stress and low constitution/personality related causal explanations, via positive perception of help-seeking and more help-seeking intentions. One negative associated with healthcare utilisation, with high biogenetic and constitution/personality, and low psychosocial stress related explanations, via negative perception of psychiatric patients and a strong wish for social distance. Sensitivity analysis generally supported both pathways with some differences in the role of biogenetic causal explanation. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that campaigns promoting early healthcare utilisation should focus on different strategies to promote facilitation and reduce barriers to mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schnyder
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - C Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Panczak
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Ochsenbein
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B G Schimmelmann
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Schultze-Lutter
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ahlen J, Vigerland S, Ghaderi A. Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale - Short Version (SCAS-S). JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2017; 40:288-304. [PMID: 29937623 PMCID: PMC5978831 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-017-9637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The literature provides several examples of anxiety symptoms questionnaires for children. However, these questionnaires generally contain many items, and might not be ideal for screening in large populations, or repeated testing in clinical settings. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) is an extensively used and evaluated 44-item questionnaire developed to assess anxiety symptoms in children, and provides a sound base for the development of an abbreviated anxiety symptoms questionnaire. Although methodological standards have been presented in how to develop abbreviated questionnaires, previous studies have often suffered from several limitations regarding validating procedures. Guided by these methodological standards, the current study aimed at developing an abbreviated version of the SCAS, while retaining the content, convergent, and divergent validity of the original scale. A school-based sample (n = 750) was used to reduce the number of items, and an independent school-based sample (n = 371) together with a clinical sample (n = 93), were used to validate the abbreviated scale. The abbreviated version of the SCAS contained 19 items, it showed a clear factor structure as evaluated in the independent sample, and it performed as good as the original questionnaire regarding classification accuracy, convergent, and divergent validity. In our view, the abbreviated version is a very good alternative to the original scale especially for younger children, in initial screening, or in order to reduce response burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ahlen
- 1Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751 42 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Vigerland
- 2Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ata Ghaderi
- 2Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Prevention of anxiety disorders and depression by targeting excessive worry and rumination in adolescents and young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2017; 90:123-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Werner-Seidler A, Perry Y, Calear AL, Newby JM, Christensen H. School-based depression and anxiety prevention programs for young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 51:30-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Garber J, Brunwasser SM, Zerr AA, Schwartz KTG, Sova K, Weersing VR. Treatment and Prevention of Depression and Anxiety in Youth: Test of Cross-Over Effects. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:939-959. [PMID: 27699941 PMCID: PMC5094283 DOI: 10.1002/da.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are highly comorbid and share several common etiological processes. Therefore, it may be more efficient to develop interventions that treat or prevent these problems together rather than as separate entities. The present meta-analytic review examined whether interventions for children and adolescents that explicitly targeted either anxiety or depression showed treatment specificity or also impacted the other outcome (i.e. cross-over effects). We addressed this question both within the same type of study (i.e. treatment, prevention) and across study types. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed both constructs with dimensional measures were included in this review. For treatment studies, RCTs targeting anxiety (n = 18) showed significant effects on both anxious and depressive symptoms, although more strongly on anxiety than depression; similarly, RCTs treating depression (n = 9) yielded significant effects on both depressive and anxious symptoms, but stronger effects on depression than anxiety. Thus, there were cross-over effects in treatments purportedly targeting either anxiety or depression, and also treatment specificity, such that larger effects were seen for the target problem at which the treatment was aimed. Anxiety prevention studies (n = 14) significantly affected anxious, but not depressive symptoms, indicating no cross-over effect of anxiety prevention trials on depression. For depression prevention studies (n = 15), the effects were not significant for either depressive or anxiety symptoms, although the effect was significantly larger for depressive than for anxious symptoms. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the effect on depressive symptoms was significant in depression preventions trials of targeted but not universal samples. Implications for transdiagnostic interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Garber
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Steven M Brunwasser
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, & Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Argero A Zerr
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Karen T G Schwartz
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Karen Sova
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - V Robin Weersing
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
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21
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Family process and youth internalizing problems: A triadic model of etiology and intervention. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:273-301. [DOI: 10.1017/s095457941600016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDespite major advances in the development of interventions for youth anxiety and depression, approximately 30% of youths with anxiety do not respond to cognitive behavioral treatment, and youth depression treatments yield modest symptom decreases overall. Identifying networks of modifiable risk and maintenance factors that contribute to both youth anxiety and depression (i.e., internalizing problems) may enhance and broaden treatment benefits by informing the development of mechanism-targeted interventions. A particularly powerful network is the rich array of family processes linked to internalizing problems (e.g., parenting styles, parental mental health problems, and sibling relationships). Here, we propose a new theoretical model, the triadic modelof family process, to organize theory and evidence around modifiable, transdiagnostic family factors that may contribute to youth internalizing problems. We describe the model's implications for intervention, and we propose strategies for testing the model in future research. The model provides a framework for studying associations among family processes, their relation to youth internalizing problems, and family-based strategies for strengthening prevention and treatment.
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Koenig KT, Ramos MM, Fowler TT, Oreskovich K, McGrath J, Fairbrother G. A Statewide Profile of Frequent Users of School-Based Health Centers: Implications for Adolescent Health Care. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016; 86:250-257. [PMID: 26930236 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to describe patterns of care and service use among adolescent school-based health center (SBHC) users in New Mexico and contrast patterns and services between frequent and infrequent users. METHODS Medical claims/encounter data were analyzed from 59 SBHCs located in secondary schools in New Mexico during the 2011-2012 school year. We used Pearson's chi-square test to examine the differences between frequent (≥ 4 visits/year) and infrequent users in their patterns of SBHC care, and we conducted logistic regression to examine whether frequent use of the SBHC predicted receipt of behavioral, reproductive, and sexual health; checkup; or acute care services. RESULTS Most of the 26,379 adolescent SBHC visits in New Mexico were for behavioral health (42.4%) and reproductive and sexual health (22.9%). Frequent users have greater odds of receiving a behavioral, reproductive, and sexual health; and acute care visit than infrequent users (p < .001). American Indians, in particular, have higher odds of receiving behavioral health and checkup visits, compared with other races/ethnicities (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS SBHCs deliver core health care services to adolescents, including behavioral, reproductive, and checkup services, to high need populations. American-Indian youth, more than their peers, use SBHCs for behavioral health and checkups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Koenig
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 55 E. Monroe St. 30th Floor, Chicago, IL 60603.
| | - Mary M Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, 625 Silver Ave. SW Suite 324, Albuquerque, NM 87102.
| | - Tara T Fowler
- Altarum Institute, 2000 Duke St., Ste 200, Alexandria, VA 22314.
| | - Kristin Oreskovich
- New Mexico Department of Health, Office of School and Adolescent Health, 300 San Mateo Blvd, NE, Suite 902, Albuquerque, NM 87108.
| | - Jane McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, 625 Silver Ave. SW Suite 324, Albuquerque, NM 87102.
| | - Gerry Fairbrother
- Academy Health, 1150 17th Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036.
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Urao Y, Yoshinaga N, Asano K, Ishikawa R, Tano A, Sato Y, Shimizu E. Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based anxiety prevention programme for children: a preliminary quasi-experimental study in Japan. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 10:4. [PMID: 26884810 PMCID: PMC4754865 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-016-0091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As children's mental health problems become more complex, more effective prevention is needed. Though various anxiety and depression prevention programmes based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) were developed and evaluated in Europe, North America, and Australia recently, there are no programmes in Japan. This study developed a CBT programme for Japanese children and tried to verify its effectiveness in reducing anxiety. METHODS A CBT-based anxiety prevention programme, 'Journey of the Brave', was developed to prevent anxiety disorders for Japanese children. Children from 4th through 6th grades (9-12 years old) in Japanese elementary schools and their parents (13 sample pairs) were the intervention group. For comparison purposes, 16 pairs were the control group. Ten weekly programme sessions and two follow-ups were conducted. Children's anxiety levels in both groups were evaluated by child and parent self-reports using the spence children anxiety scale (SCAS) three times: pre-programme (baseline), post-programme, and 3 months following the end of the programme. RESULTS At 3-month follow-up, no significant difference was shown between the intervention and control groups on children's SCAS scores in changes from baseline by using mixed-effects model for repeated measures analysis (SCAS-C: -8.92 (95 % CI = -14.12 to -3.72) and -3.17 (95 % CI = -8.02 to 1.66) respectively; the between group difference was 5.747 (95 % CI = -1.355 to -12.85, p = 0.062). On the other hand, significant reduction was shown in the intervention group on parents' SCAS (SCAS-P) scores in change from baseline -9.554 (95 % CI = -12.91 to -6.19) and 0.154 (95 % CI = -2.88 to 3.19) respectively; the between group difference was 9.709 (95 % CI = 5.179 to 14.23, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION These preliminary results suggest this anxiety prevention programme for Japanese children was partially effective from parents' evaluations. However, it is important to note that this study was conducted on a small sample with unbalanced groups at pre-intervention with no randomization. The positive results may require discounting due to the research limitations. A larger-scale study of the programme in elementary school classes to verify its effectiveness with a more rigorous research design is necessary. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN-CTR UMIN000009021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Urao
- />Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- />Department of Nursing, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 2-10-1 Wakaba, Mihama-Ku, Chiba, 261-0014 Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshinaga
- />Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, General Education and Research Building (G704), University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692 Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- />Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ishikawa
- />Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komana Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Aya Tano
- />Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, 90-1, Iidacho, Narita, 286-8523 Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- />Department of Global Clinical Research, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- />Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
- />Department of Cognitive Behavioural Physiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
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Mohiyeddini C, Bauer S, Semple S. Neuroticism and stress: the role of displacement behavior. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2015; 28:391-407. [PMID: 25599405 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2014.1000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neuroticism is linked with an impaired ability to cope with stress and is an important risk factor for stress-related disorders. Hence, there is interest in exploring the behavioral correlates of neuroticism and how such behaviors may moderate the link between neuroticism and the response to stress. Displacement behavior - activity such as face touching and scratching - is important to investigate in this respect, as recent studies indicate that such behavior is linked to negative emotional states and has an important stress coping function. Here, we explored the relationship between neuroticism, displacement behavior, and stress in a healthy population of men. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, quasiexperimentally controlled study. METHODS We assessed participants' levels of neuroticism, and then during a Trier Social Stress Test quantified displacement behavior, physiological, and cognitive indices of the stress response; after the test we measured the self-reported experience of stress. RESULTS Displacement behavior was negatively correlated with self-reported experience, physiological, and cognitive measures of stress and moderated the relationships between neuroticism, self-reported experience, and cognitive index of stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest displacement behavior plays an important role in shaping the link between neuroticism and the response to stress.
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Nehmy TJ, Wade TD. Reduction in the prospective incidence of adolescent psychopathology: A review of school-based prevention approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Anticich SA, Barrett PM, Silverman W, Lacherez P, Gillies R. The prevention of childhood anxiety and promotion of resilience among preschool-aged children: a universal school based trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1754730x.2013.784616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders in older children and adolescents have long been acknowledged as impairing, persistent and predictive of future anxiety and mood-related disorders. Until recently, however, anxiety in preschoolers and younger children has been regarded as relatively uncommon and within normal developmental parameters. Increasing evidence is suggestive that symptoms of anxiety in preschoolers parallel those in older children (Hirshfeld-Becker, Micco, Mazirsky, Bruett, & Henin, 2011) with this under-investigated area attracting increasing interest from researchers and clinicians alike. The present review summarises the empirical literature on early intervention and prevention programs for anxiety in young children (aged 3–7 years) with a specific focus on the application of such programs in the school context and implications for guidance counsellors, an improved understanding of which is critical for informing effective intervention. The studies reviewed demonstrate promising outcomes for anxiety; however, there is still a significant amount of work to be done in terms of our understanding of developmentally appropriate, family-focused and child-led models of anxiety and early intervention and prevention protocols.
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Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H, Brewer JL. A systematic review of help-seeking interventions for depression, anxiety and general psychological distress. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12:81. [PMID: 22799879 PMCID: PMC3464688 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are treatable disorders, yet many people do not seek professional help. Interventions designed to improve help-seeking attitudes and increase help-seeking intentions and behaviour have been evaluated in recent times. However, there have been no systematic reviews of the efficacy or effectiveness of these interventions in promoting help-seeking. Therefore, this paper reports a systematic review of published randomised controlled trials targeting help-seeking attitudes, intentions or behaviours for depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress. METHODS Studies were identified through searches of PubMed, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane database in November 2011. Studies were included if they included a randomised controlled trial of at least one intervention targeting help-seeking for depression or anxiety or general psychological distress, and contained extractable data on help-seeking attitudes or intentions or behaviour. Studies were excluded if they focused on problems or conditions other than the target (e.g., substance use, eating disorder). RESULTS Six published studies of randomised controlled trials investigating eight different interventions for help-seeking were identified. The majority of trials targeted young adults. Mental health literacy content was effective (d = .12 to .53) in improving help-seeking attitudes in the majority of studies at post-intervention, but had no effect on help-seeking behaviour (d = -.01, .02). There was less evidence for other intervention types such as efforts to destigmatise or provide help-seeking source information. CONCLUSIONS Mental health literacy interventions are a promising method for promoting positive help-seeking attitudes, but there is no evidence that it leads to help-seeking behaviour. Further research investigating the effects of interventions on attitudes, intentions, and behaviour is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Kathleen M Griffiths
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jacqueline L Brewer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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29
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Stopa JE, Barrett PM, Golingi F. The Prevention of Childhood Anxiety in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Communities: A Universal School-Based Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/1754730x.2010.9715688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Pahl KM, Barrett PM. Preventing Anxiety and Promoting Social and Emotional Strength in Preschool Children: A Universal Evaluation of the Fun FRIENDS Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/1754730x.2010.9715683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Abstract
This meta-analysis assessed efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions in preventing anxiety symptoms. A systematic review identified 15 independent pretest-posttest randomized or quasi-randomized efficacy trials for analysis. At posttest, intervention groups demonstrated significantly greater symptom reduction compared to control groups resulting in weighted mean effect sizes (Hedges' g) of 0.25 for general anxiety, 0.24 for disorder-specific symptoms, and 0.22 for depression after the removal of outliers. These effects appeared to diminish over 6- and 12-month follow-up. Exploratory moderator analyses indicated that individually administered media interventions were more effective than human-administered group interventions at preventing general anxiety and depression symptoms. Implications of current findings are discussed with attention to existing gaps in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson K Zalta
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology, 3720 Walnut Street, Solomon Lab Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
The relevance of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) concept to medically ill patients is becoming increasingly clear. Some medical conditions (e.g., rheumatologic diseases) are likely related to PTSD indirectly. Others, such as myocardial infarction and critical illness/intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, are likely traumatic stressors. Importantly, PTSD seems to be a potent risk factor for fatal and nonfatal cardiac events. Risk factors for medical illness-related PTSD appear similar to risk factors for PTSD in general. PTSD is particularly common among survivors of critical illness and ICU treatment. Further research is needed to determine how specific ICU interventions (e.g., administration of benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, and catecholamines) affect PTSD risk. In the meantime, given the negative impact of PTSD on patients' quality of life, it is important for psychiatrists and other clinicians to be aware of the syndrome in survivors of critical illness so as to ensure that such patients receive the care that they deserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Garber J, Weersing VR. Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depression in Youth: Implications for Treatment and Prevention. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2010; 17:293-306. [PMID: 21499544 PMCID: PMC3074295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The high level of concurrent and sequential comorbidity between anxiety and depression in children and adolescents may result from (a) substantial overlap in both the symptoms and items used to assess these putatively different disorders, (b) common etiological factors (e.g., familial risk, negative affectivity, information processing biases, neural substrates) implicated in the development of each condition, and (c) negative sequelae of anxiety conferring increased risk for the development of depression. Basic research on their various common and unique etiological mechanisms has guided the development of efficacious treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in youth. Potential processes through which the successful treatment of childhood anxiety might prevent subsequent depression are described.
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Delaney KR, Staten R“T. Prevention Approaches in Child Mental Health Disorders. Nurs Clin North Am 2010; 45:521-39, v. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Improving prevention of depression and anxiety disorders: Repetitive negative thinking as a promising target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appsy.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The duration of untreated illness (DUI), defined as the interval between the onset of a psychiatric disorder and the administration of the first pharmacological treatment, has been increasingly investigated in the last decade as a predictor of outcome across different psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (duration of untreated psychosis), and mood and anxiety disorders. Converging evidence indicates that a prolonged DUI may be viewed as a negative prognostic factor in schizophrenia and increasing data point toward a similar conclusion in mood and anxiety disorders. Through a Medline search, the present article highlights the role of the DUI in this group of psychiatric disorders, focusing on social and psychopathological determinants of the DUI, as well as the clinical consequences related to a longer DUI in terms of outcome. Hypotheses on neurobiological mechanisms underpinning outcome differences in relation to a prolonged DUI are provided and methodological limitations related to the assessment of the DUI in published studies and clinical practice discussed. Finally, given that DUI is supposed to be a potentially modifiable prognostic factor, intervention programs aimed to reduce this variable are briefly considered and discussed.
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The alarm pheromone in male rats as a unique anxiety model: Psychopharmacological evidence using anxiolytics. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 94:575-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Brennaman LH, Maness PF. NCAM in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 663:299-317. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1170-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
The personality trait of neuroticism refers to relatively stable tendencies to respond with negative emotions to threat, frustration, or loss. Individuals in the population vary markedly on this trait, ranging from frequent and intense emotional reactions to minor challenges to little emotional reaction even in the face of significant difficulties. Although not widely appreciated, there is growing evidence that neuroticism is a psychological trait of profound public health significance. Neuroticism is a robust correlate and predictor of many different mental and physical disorders, comorbidity among them, and the frequency of mental and general health service use. Indeed, neuroticism apparently is a predictor of the quality and longevity of our lives. Achieving a full understanding of the nature and origins of neuroticism, and the mechanisms through which neuroticism is linked to mental and physical disorders, should be a top priority for research. Knowing why neuroticism predicts such a wide variety of seemingly diverse outcomes should lead to improved understanding of commonalities among those outcomes and improved strategies for preventing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Lahey
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Katidou M, Vidaki M, Strigini M, Karagogeos D. The immunoglobulin superfamily of neuronal cell adhesion molecules: lessons from animal models and correlation with human disease. Biotechnol J 2009; 3:1564-80. [PMID: 19072911 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgCAMs) play a crucial role in the formation of neural circuits at different levels: cell migration, axonal and dendritic targeting as well as synapse formation. Furthermore, in perinatal and adult life, neuronal IgCAMs are required for the formation and maintenance of specialized axonal membrane domains, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Mutations in the corresponding human genes have been correlated to several human neuronal disorders. Perturbing neuronal IgCAMs in animal models provides powerful means to understand the molecular and cellular basis of such human disorders. In this review, we concentrate on the NCAM, L1 and contactin subfamilies of neuronal IgCAMs summarizing recent functional studies from model systems and highlighting their links to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markella Katidou
- University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Neil AL, Christensen H. Efficacy and effectiveness of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for anxiety. Clin Psychol Rev 2009; 29:208-15. [PMID: 19232805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for anxiety. The aim of the review was to identify and describe the programs available, and to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing symptoms of anxiety. Twenty-seven outcome trials, describing 20 individual programs, were identified through the Cochrane Library, PsycInfo and PubMed databases. Results of the review indicated that most universal, selective and indicated prevention programs are effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents, with effect sizes ranging from 0.11 to 1.37. Most programs targeted adolescents (59%), were aimed at reducing the symptoms of nonspecific anxiety (67%), and delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT; 78%). Further quality school-based research is required that involves longer-term follow-up, the use of attention control conditions and evaluates teacher delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Neil
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Building 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Personality disorder traits as predictors of subsequent first-onset panic disorder or agoraphobia. Compr Psychiatry 2009; 50:209-14. [PMID: 19374963 PMCID: PMC2691589 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining how personality disorder traits and panic disorder and/or agoraphobia relate longitudinally is an important step in developing a comprehensive understanding of the etiology of panic/agoraphobia. In 1981, a probabilistic sample of adult (> or =18 years old) residents of east Baltimore were assessed for Axis I symptoms and disorders using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS); psychiatrists reevaluated a subsample of these participants and made Axis I diagnoses, as well as ratings of individual Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition personality disorder traits. Of the participants psychiatrists examined in 1981, 432 were assessed again in 1993 to 1996 using the DIS. Excluding participants who had baseline panic attacks or panic-like spells from the risk groups, baseline timidity (avoidant, dependent, and related traits) predicted first-onset DIS panic disorder or agoraphobia over the follow-up period. These results suggest that avoidant and dependent personality traits are predisposing factors, or at least markers of risk, for panic disorder and agoraphobia-not simply epiphenomena.
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