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Abdel Gaber SA, Hamza AH, Tantawy MA, Toraih EA, Ahmed HH. Germanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Biochemical and Molecular Changes Characterizing Alzheimer's Disease in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051386. [PMID: 37242628 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that jeopardizes the lives of diagnosed patients at late stages. This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the efficiency of germanium dioxide nanoparticles (GeO2NPs) in mitigating AD at the in vivo level compared to cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs). Nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Their antioxidant activity was tested. For the bio-assessment, rats were randomly assigned into four groups: AD + GeO2NPs, AD + CeO2NPs, AD, and control. Serum and brain tau protein, phosphorylated tau, neurogranin, amyloid β peptide 1-42, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase levels were measured. Brain histopathological evaluation was conducted. Furthermore, nine AD-related microRNAs were quantified. Nanoparticles were spherical with diameters ranging from 12-27 nm. GeO2NPs exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity than CeO2NPs. Serum and tissue analyses revealed the regression of AD biomarkers to almost control values upon treatment using GeO2NPs. Histopathological observations strongly supported the biochemical outcomes. Then, miR-29a-3p was down-regulated in the GeO2NPs-treated group. This pre-clinical study substantiated the scientific evidence favoring the pharmacological application of GeO2NPs and CeO2NPs in AD treatment. Our study is the first report on the efficiency of GeO2NPs in managing AD. Further studies are needed to fully understand their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Abdel Gaber
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amal H Hamza
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Stem Cell Lab, left of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Stem Cell Lab, left of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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2
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Amini SM, Rezayat SM, Dinarvand R, Kharrazi S, Jaafari MR. Gold cluster encapsulated liposomes: theranostic agent with stimulus triggered release capability. Med Oncol 2023; 40:126. [PMID: 36961614 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Cancer-resistant to chemo or radiotherapy treatment is a challenge that could be overcome by a nanotechnology approach. Providing a theranostic nano-platform for different cancer treatment strategies could be revolutionary. Here we introduce a multifunctional theranostic nanostructure which has the capacity for improving cancer diagnosis and treatment through better chemo and radiotherapy and current x-ray imaging systems through co-encapsulation of a small gold cluster and anticancer drug doxorubicin. 2 nm gold clusters represent good heating under radio frequency electric field (RF-EF) exposure and have been used for in vitro hyperthermia treatment of cancerous cells. Liposomal doxorubicin (169 ± 19.8 nm) with gold clusters encapsulation efficiency of 13.2 ± 3.0% and doxorubicin encapsulation efficiency of 64.7 ± 0.7% were prepared and studied as a theranostic agent with a high potential in different cancer treatment modalities. Exposure to a radiofrequency electric field on prepared formulation caused 20.2 ± 2.1% drug release and twice decreasing of IC50 on colorectal carcinoma cells. X-ray attenuation efficiency of the liposomal gold cluster was better than commercial iohexol and free gold clusters in different concentrations. Finally, treatment of gold clusters on cancerous cells results in a significant decrease in the viability of irradiated cells to cobalt-60 beam. Based on these experiments, we concluded that the conventional liposomal formulation of doxorubicin that has been co-encapsulated with small gold clusters could be a suitable theranostic nanostructure for cancer treatment and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Amini
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Novel Drug Delivery Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharmin Kharrazi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, School of Pharmacy, Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Petersen EJ, Barrios AC, Henry TB, Johnson ME, Koelmans AA, Montoro Bustos AR, Matheson J, Roesslein M, Zhao J, Xing B. Potential Artifacts and Control Experiments in Toxicity Tests of Nanoplastic and Microplastic Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15192-15206. [PMID: 36240263 PMCID: PMC10476161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To fully understand the potential ecological and human health risks from nanoplastics and microplastics (NMPs) in the environment, it is critical to make accurate measurements. Similar to past research on the toxicology of engineered nanomaterials, a broad range of measurement artifacts and biases are possible when testing their potential toxicity. For example, antimicrobials and surfactants may be present in commercially available NMP dispersions, and these compounds may account for toxicity observed instead of being caused by exposure to the NMP particles. Therefore, control measurements are needed to assess potential artifacts, and revisions to the protocol may be needed to eliminate or reduce the artifacts. In this paper, we comprehensively review and suggest a next generation of control experiments to identify measurement artifacts and biases that can occur while performing NMP toxicity experiments. This review covers the broad range of potential NMP toxicological experiments, such as in vitro studies with a single cell type or complex 3-D tissue constructs, in vivo mammalian studies, and ecotoxicity experiments testing pelagic, sediment, and soil organisms. Incorporation of these control experiments can reduce the likelihood of false positive and false negative results and more accurately elucidate the potential ecological and human health risks of NMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah. J. Petersen
- Material
Measurement Laboratory, National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ana C. Barrios
- Material
Measurement Laboratory, National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Theodore B. Henry
- School
of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Monique E. Johnson
- Material
Measurement Laboratory, National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Albert A. Koelmans
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio R. Montoro Bustos
- Material
Measurement Laboratory, National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Joanna Matheson
- US
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5 Research Place, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Matthias Roesslein
- Empa, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, Particles-Biology
Interactions Laboratory, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute
of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science
Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge
School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Jiang T, Lin Y, Amadei CA, Gou N, Rahman SM, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Comparative and mechanistic toxicity assessment of structure-dependent toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126282. [PMID: 34111749 PMCID: PMC10631494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) has resulted in the ubiquity of CNMs in the natural environment and they potentially impose adverse consequences on ecosystems and human health. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated and compared potential toxicological effects and mechanisms of seven CNMs in three representative types (carbon blacks, graphene nanoplatelets, and fullerenes), to elucidate the correlation between their physicochemical/structural properties and toxicity. We employed a recently-developed quantitative toxicogenomics-based toxicity testing system with GFP-fused yeast reporter library targeting main cellular stress response pathways, as well as conventional phenotype-based bioassays. The results revealed that DNA damage, oxidative stress, and protein stress were the major mechanisms of action for all the CNMs at sub-cytotoxic concentration levels. The molecular toxicity nature were concentration-dependent, and they exhibited both similarity within the same structural group and distinctiveness among different CNMs, evidencing the structure-driven toxicity of CNMs. The toxic potential based on toxicogenomics molecular endpoints revealed the remarkable impact of size and structure on the toxicity. Furthermore, the phenotypic endpoints derived from conventional phenotype-based bioassays correlated with quantitative molecular endpoints derived from the toxicogenomics assay, suggesting that the selected protein biomarkers captured the main cellular effects that are associated with phenotypic adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, BUET Central Road, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chad D Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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5
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Mabwa D, Kubiena T, Parnell H, Su R, Furniss D, Tang Z, Leach R, Benson TM, Scotchford CA, Seddon AB. Evaluating the cytotoxicity of Ge–Sb–Se chalcogenide glass optical fibres on 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8682-8693. [PMID: 35423389 PMCID: PMC8695193 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo cancer detection based on the mid-infrared molecular fingerprint of tissue is promising for the fast diagnosis and treatment of suspected cancer patients. Few materials are mid-infrared transmissive, even fewer, which can be converted into functional, low-loss optical fibres for in vivo non-invasive testing. Chalcogenide-based glass optical fibres are, however, one of the few. These glasses are transmissive in the mid-infrared and are currently under development for use in molecular sensing devices. The cytotoxicity of these materials is however unknown. The cytotoxicity of Ge–Sb–Se chalcogenide optical glass fibres on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells is here investigated. Fibres exposed to four different pre-treatment conditions are used: as-drawn (AD), propylamine-etched (PE), oxidised-and-washed (OW) and oxidised (Ox). To achieve the latter two conditions, fibres are treated with H2O2(aqueous (aq.)) and dried to produce a surface oxide layer; this is either washed off (OW) or left on the glass surface (Ox). Cellular response is investigated via 3 day elution and 14 day direct contact trials. The concentration of the metalloids (Ge, Sb and Se) in each leachate was measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cell viability is assessed using the neutral red assay and scanning electron microscopy. The concentration of Ge, Sb and Se ions after a 3 day dissolution was as follows. In AD leachates, Ge: 0.40 mg L−1, Sb: 0.17 mg L−1, and Se: 0.06 mg L−1. In PE leachates, Ge: 0.22 mg L−1, Sb: 0.15 mg L−1, and Se: 0.02 mg L−1. In Ox leachates, Ge: 823.8 mg L−1, Sb: 2586.6 mg L−1, and Se: 3750 mg L−1. Direct contact trials show confluent cell layers on AD, PE and OW fibres after 14 days, while no cells are observed on the Ox surfaces. A >50% cell viability is observed in AD, PE and OW eluates after 3 days, when compared with Ox eluates (<10% cell viability). Toxicity in Ox is attributed to the notable pH change, from neutral pH 7.49 to acidic pH 2.44, that takes place on dissolution of the surface oxide layer in the growth media. We conclude, as-prepared Ge–Sb–Se glasses are cytocompatible and toxicity arises when an oxide layer is forced to develop on the glass surface. We present a study that aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Ge20Sb10Se70 at% glass optical fibres on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. To observe the toxicity of these optical fibres, 3T3 fibroblast proliferation was investigated.![]()
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6
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Kuchur OA, Tsymbal SA, Shestovskaya MV, Serov NS, Dukhinova MS, Shtil AA. Metal-derived nanoparticles in tumor theranostics: Potential and limitations. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 209:111117. [PMID: 32473483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Initially, metal derived nanoparticles have been used exclusively as contrasting agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Today, green routes of chemical synthesis together with numerous modifications of the core and surface gave rise to a plethora of biomedical applications of metal derived nanoparticles including tumor imaging, diagnostics, and therapy. These materials are an emerging class of tools for tumor theranostics. Nevertheless, the spectrum of clinically approved metal nanoparticles remains narrow, as the safety, specificity and efficiency still have to be improved. In this review we summarize the major directions for development and biomedical applications of metal based nanoparticles and analyze their effects on tumor cells and microenvironment. We discuss the advantages and possible limitations of metal nanoparticle-based tumor theranostics, as well as the potential strategies to improve the in vivo performance of these unique materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Kuchur
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - S A Tsymbal
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M V Shestovskaya
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Serov
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M S Dukhinova
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A A Shtil
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Jiang T, Amadei CA, Gou N, Lin Y, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs): Effect of Lengths, Functional Groups and Electronic Structures Revealed by a Quantitative Toxicogenomics Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2020; 7:1348-1364. [PMID: 33537148 PMCID: PMC7853656 DOI: 10.1039/d0en00230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a group of widely used carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) with various applications, which raise increasing public concerns associated with their potential toxicological effect and risks on human and ecosystems. In this report, we comprehensively evaluated the nanotoxicity of SWCNTs with their relationship to varying lengths, functional groups and electronic structures, by employing both newly established quantitative toxicogenomics test, as well as conventional phenotypic bioassays. The objective is to reveal potential cellular toxicity and mechanisms of SWCNTs at the molecular level, and to probe their potential relationships with their morphological, surface, and electronic properties. The results indicated that DNA damage and oxidative stress were the dominant mechanisms of action for all SWCNTs and, the toxicity level and characteristics varied with length, surface functionalization and electronic structure. Distinguishable molecular toxicity fingerprints were revealed for the two SWCNTs with varying length, with short SWCNT exhibiting higher toxicity level than the long one. In terms of surface properties, SWCNT functionalization, namely carboxylation and hydroxylation, led to elevated overall toxicity, especially genotoxicity, as compared to unmodified SWCNT. Carboxylated SWCNT induced a greater toxicity than the hydroxylated SWCNT. The nucleus is likely the primary target site for long, short, and carboxylated SWCNTs and mechanical perturbation is likely responsible for the DNA damage, specifically related to degradation of the DNA double helix structure. Finally, dramatically different electronic structure-dependent toxicity was observed with metallic SWCNT exerting much higher toxicity than the semiconducting one that exhibited minimal toxicity among all SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
- Corresponding authors: ,
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Mertens RT, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Exploring six-coordinate germanium(IV)-diketonate complexes as anticancer agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020; 503:119375. [PMID: 34565828 PMCID: PMC8460083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide and despite several attempts using chemotherapy to combat the deadly disease, toxic side effects and drug resistance temper efficacy [1]. Thus, drugs with potentially new mechanisms and lower toxicity to normal cells are needed. Metalloids such as arsenic compounds have been clinically beneficial in fighting cancer, but germanium is yet to gain such prominence [2,3]. We report the synthesis of four octahedral germanium(IV) complexes bearing acetylacetonato ligand, [GeIV(acac)3)]+, with different anions (3 - 6) using a streamlined synthetic approach. The compounds were structurally and electrochemically characterized using NMR, MS, X-ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of 3-5 revealed distinct irreversible peaks in the range of -0.9 to -1.9 V, corresponding to Ge(IV)/ Ge(II) or Ge(II)/Ge(0) couple in DMSO. We explored the anticancer activity of the complexes against a panel of cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the sub-micromolar range (9-15 μM). The compounds display ~3-fold selectivity in cancer cells over normal epithelial cells. In addition to the promising anticancer activity, the compounds display high complex stability in biological media, induces G1 arrest, reactive oxygen stress (ROS) accumulation, and mitochondria membrane depolarization in cancer cells. Furthermore, the compounds induce significant apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall T. Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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Petersen EJ, Hirsch C, Elliott JT, Krug HF, Aengenheister L, Arif AT, Bogni A, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, May S, Walser T, Wick P, Roesslein M. Cause-and-Effect Analysis as a Tool To Improve the Reproducibility of Nanobioassays: Four Case Studies. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:1039-1054. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - John T. Elliott
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- NanoCASE GmbH, St. Gallerstr. 58, 9032 Engelburg, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Aengenheister
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ali Talib Arif
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR), Qirga, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Sarah May
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Roesslein
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Moulder
- Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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11
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Wada T, Hanyu T, Nozaki K, Kataoka K, Kawatani T, Asahi T, Sawamura N. Antioxidant Activity of Ge-132, a Synthetic Organic Germanium, on Cultured Mammalian Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:749-753. [PMID: 29503400 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ge-132 is a synthetic organic germanium that is used as a dietary supplement. The antioxidant activity of Ge-132 on cultured mammalian cells was investigated in this study. First, Ge-132 cytotoxicity on mammalian cultured cells was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Ge-132 had no cytotoxic effect on three different cell lines. Second, the cell proliferative effect of Ge-132 was determined by measuring ATP content of whole cells and counting them. Ge-132 treatment of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and SH-SY5Y cells promoted cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, antioxidant activity of Ge-132 against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbonylated proteins. Pre-incubation of CHO-K1 and SH-SY5Y cells with Ge-132 suppressed intracellular ROS production and carbonylated protein levels induced by hydrogen peroxide. Our results suggest that Ge-132 has antioxidant activity against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Hanyu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Kota Nozaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | | | | | - Toru Asahi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University.,Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University
| | - Naoya Sawamura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University.,Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University
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12
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Li F, Jin X, Li J, Chen W, Li Q. Metal-based NanoEnhancers for Future Radiotherapy: Radiosensitizing and Synergistic Effects on Tumor Cells. Theranostics 2018; 8:1824-1849. [PMID: 29556359 PMCID: PMC5858503 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in using high Z (atomic number) elements (materials) as radiosensitizers. New strategies in nanomedicine could help to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy at cellular and molecular levels. Metal-based nanoparticles usually exhibit chemical inertness in cellular and subcellular systems and may play a role in radiosensitization and synergistic cell-killing effects for radiation therapy. This review summarizes the efficacy of metal-based NanoEnhancers against cancers in both in vitro and in vivo systems for a range of ionizing radiations including gamma-rays, X-rays, and charged particles. The potential of translating preclinical studies on metal-based nanoparticles-enhanced radiation therapy into clinical practice is also discussed using examples of several metal-based NanoEnhancers (such as CYT-6091, AGuIX, and NBTXR3). Also, a few general examples of theranostic multimetallic nanocomposites are presented, and the related biological mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Wang H, Mu X, He H, Zhang XD. Cancer Radiosensitizers. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 39:24-48. [PMID: 29224916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay treatment for many types of cancer, although it is still a large challenge to enhance radiation damage to tumor tissue and reduce side effects to healthy tissue. Radiosensitizers are promising agents that enhance injury to tumor tissue by accelerating DNA damage and producing free radicals. Several strategies have been exploited to develop highly effective and low-toxicity radiosensitizers. In this review, we highlight recent progress on radiosensitizers, including small molecules, macromolecules, and nanomaterials. First, small molecules are reviewed based on free radicals, pseudosubstrates, and other mechanisms. Second, nanomaterials, such as nanometallic materials, especially gold-based materials that have flexible surface engineering and favorable kinetic properties, have emerged as promising radiosensitizers. Finally, emerging macromolecules have shown significant advantages in RT because these molecules can be combined with biological therapy as well as drug delivery. Further research on the mechanisms of radioresistance and multidisciplinary approaches will accelerate the development of radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Number 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; These authors have contributed equally
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; These authors have contributed equally
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
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14
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Increasing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Radiotherapy Using Nanoparticles. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40854-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Di Bucchianico S, Cappellini F, Le Bihanic F, Zhang Y, Dreij K, Karlsson HL. Genotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles assessed by mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus scoring with flow cytometry. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:127-137. [PMID: 27382040 PMCID: PMC5180169 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread production and use of nanoparticles calls for faster and more reliable methods to assess their safety. The main aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of three reference TiO2 nanomaterials (NM) within the frame of the FP7-NANoREG project, with a particular focus on testing the applicability of mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus (MN) scoring by flow cytometry. BEAS-2B cells cultured under serum-free conditions were exposed to NM100 (anatase, 50–150nm), NM101 (anatase, 5–8nm) and NM103 (rutile, 20–28nm) for 3, 24 or 48h mainly at concentrations 1–30 μg/ml. In the mini-gel comet assay (eight gels per slide), we included analysis of (i) DNA strand breaks, (ii) oxidised bases (Fpg-sensitive sites) and (iii) light-induced DNA damage due to photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, MN assays were used and we compared the results of more high-throughput MN scoring with flow cytometry to that of cytokinesis-block MN cytome assay scored manually using a microscope. Various methods were used to assess cytotoxic effects and the results showed in general no or low effects at the doses tested. A weak genotoxic effect of the tested TiO2 materials was observed with an induction of oxidised bases for all three materials of which NM100 was the most potent. When the comet slides were briefly exposed to lab light, a clear induction of DNA strand breaks was observed for the anatase materials, but not for the rutile. This highlights the risk of false positives when testing photocatalytically active materials if light is not properly avoided. A slight increase in MN formation for NM103 was observed in the different MN assays at the lower doses tested (1 and 5 μg/ml). We conclude that mini-gel comet assay and MN scoring using flow cytometry successfully can be used to efficiently study cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Francesca Cappellini
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and.,Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Teknikringen 42, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden and
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16
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Jiang X, Du B, Yu M, Jia X, Zheng J. Surface-ligand effect on radiosensitization of ultrasmall luminescent gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2016; 9:16420031-16420038. [PMID: 29034008 PMCID: PMC5639719 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545816420037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could serve as potential radiotherapy sensitizers because of their exceptional biocompatibility and high-Z material nature; however, since in vitro and in vivo behaviors of AuNPs are determined not only by their particle size but also by their surface chemistries, whether surface ligands can affect their radiosensitization has seldom been investigated in the radiosensitization of AuNPs. By conducting head-to-head comparison on radiosensitization of two kinds of ultrasmall (~2 nm) near-infrared (NIR) emitting AuNPs that are coated with zwitterionic glutathione and neutral polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands, respectively, we found that zwitterionic glutathione coated AuNPs (GS-AuNPs) can reduce survival rates of MCF-7 cells under irradiation of clinically used megavoltage photon beam at low dosage of ~2.25 Gy. On the other hand, PEG-AuNPs can serve as a radiation-protecting agent and enabled MCF-7 cells more resistant to the irradiation, clearly indicating the key role of surface chemistry in radiosensitization of AuNPs. More detailed studies suggested that such difference was independent of cellular uptake and its efficiency, but might be related to the ligand-induced difference in photoelectron generation and/or interactions between AuNPs and X-ray triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Corresponding author:
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17
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Li M, Zhao Q, Yi X, Zhong X, Song G, Chai Z, Liu Z, Yang K. Au@MnS@ZnS Core/Shell/Shell Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Enhanced Cancer Radiation Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:9557-64. [PMID: 27039932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional radiotherapy (RT) has been widely used in the clinic to treat cancer, it often has limited therapeutic outcomes and severe toxic effects. There is still a need to develop theranostic agents with both imaging and RT-enhancing functions to improve the accuracy and efficiency of RT. Herein we synthesize Au@MnS@ZnS core/shell/shell nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalization, yielding Au@MnS@ZnS-PEG nanoparticles with great stability in different physiological solutions and no significant cytotoxicity. It is found that Au@MnS@ZnS-PEG nanoparticles can enhance the cancer cell killing efficiency induced by RT, as evidenced by multiple in vitro assays. Owing to the existence of paramagnetic Mn(2+) in the nanoparticle shell, our Au@MnS@ZnS-PEG can be used as a contrast agent for T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, which reveals the efficient accumulation and retention of nanoparticles in the tumors of mice after intravenous injection. Importantly, by exposing tumor-bearing mice that were injected with Au@MnS@ZnS-PEG to X-ray irradiation, the tumor growth can be significantly inhibited. This result shows clearly improved therapeutic efficacy compared to RT alone. Furthermore, no obvious side effect of Au@MnS@ZnS-PEG is observed in the injected mice. Therefore, our work presents a new type of radiosensitizing agent, which is promising for the imaging-guided enhanced RT treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Li
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xuan Yi
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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18
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Ferraro D, Anselmi-Tamburini U, Tredici IG, Ricci V, Sommi P. Overestimation of nanoparticles-induced DNA damage determined by the comet assay. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:861-70. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1130274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferraro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy and
| | | | | | - Vittorio Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy and
| | - Patrizia Sommi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy and
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19
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Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment and in consumer products can cause immunotoxic effects. The immune system is very complex, and in vivo studies are the gold standard for evaluation. Due to the increased amount of NPs that are being developed, cellular screening assays to decrease the amount of NPs that have to be tested in vivo are highly needed. Effects on the unspecific immune system, such as effects on phagocytes, might be suitable for screening for immunotoxicity because these cells mediate unspecific and specific immune responses. They are present at epithelial barriers, in the blood, and in almost all organs. This review summarizes the effects of carbon, metal, and metal oxide NPs used in consumer and medical applications (gold, silver, titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanotubes) and polystyrene NPs on the immune system. Effects in animal exposures through different routes are compared to the effects on isolated phagocytes. In addition, general problems in the testing of NPs, such as unknown exposure doses, as well as interference with assays are mentioned. NPs appear to induce a specific immunotoxic pattern consisting of the induction of inflammation in normal animals and aggravation of pathologies in disease models. The evaluation of particle action on several phagocyte functions in vitro may provide an indication on the potency of the particles to induce immunotoxicity in vivo. In combination with information on realistic exposure levels, in vitro studies on phagocytes may provide useful information on the health risks of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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20
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Karlsson HL, Di Bucchianico S, Collins AR, Dusinska M. Can the comet assay be used reliably to detect nanoparticle-induced genotoxicity? ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:82-96. [PMID: 25488706 DOI: 10.1002/em.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a sensitive method to detect DNA strand breaks as well as oxidatively damaged DNA at the level of single cells. Today the assay is commonly used in nano-genotoxicology. In this review we critically discuss possible interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and the comet assay. Concerns for such interactions have arisen from the occasional observation of NPs in the "comet head", which implies that NPs may be present while the assay is being performed. This could give rise to false positive or false negative results, depending on the type of comet assay endpoint and NP. For most NPs, an interaction that substantially impacts the comet assay results is unlikely. For photocatalytically active NPs such as TiO2 , on the other hand, exposure to light containing UV can lead to increased DNA damage. Samples should therefore not be exposed to such light. By comparing studies in which both the comet assay and the micronucleus assay have been used, a good consistency between the assays was found in general (69%); consistency was even higher when excluding studies on TiO2 NPs (81%). The strong consistency between the comet and micronucleus assays for a range of different NPs-even though the two tests measure different endpoints-implies that both can be trusted in assessing the genotoxicity of NPs, and that both could be useful in a standard battery of test methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L Karlsson
- Nanosafety and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Abstract
Nanomaterials have been shown to have physical and chemical properties that have opened new avenues for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanoconstructs that enhance existing treatments for cancer, such as radiation therapy, are being explored in several different ways. Two general paths toward nanomaterial-enabled radiosensitization have been explored: (1) improving the effectiveness of ionizing radiation and (2) modulating cellular pathways leading to a disturbance of cellular homeostasis, thus rendering the cells more susceptible to radiation-induced damage. A variety of different agents that work via one of these two approaches have been explored, many of which modulate direct and indirect DNA damage (gold), radiosensitivity through hyperthermia (Fe), and different cellular pathways. There have been many in vitro successes with the use of nanomaterials for radiosensitization, but in vivo testing has been less efficacious, predominantly because of difficulty in targeting the nanoparticles. As improved methods for tumor targeting become available, it is anticipated that nanomaterials can become clinically useful radiosensitizers for radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tarry Building Room 4-713, 300 E Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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22
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Yang YS, Carney RP, Stellacci F, Irvine DJ. Enhancing radiotherapy by lipid nanocapsule-mediated delivery of amphiphilic gold nanoparticles to intracellular membranes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8992-9002. [PMID: 25123510 PMCID: PMC4194056 DOI: 10.1021/nn502146r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles (amph-NPs), composed of gold cores surrounded by an amphiphilic mixed organic ligand shell, are capable of embedding within and traversing lipid membranes. Here we describe a strategy using crosslink-stabilized lipid nanocapsules (NCs) as carriers to transport such membrane-penetrating particles into tumor cells and promote their transfer to intracellular membranes for enhanced radiotherapy of cancer. We synthesized and characterized interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar lipid vesicles (ICMVs) carrying amph-NPs embedded in the capsule walls, forming Au-NCs. Confocal and electron microscopies revealed that the intracellular distribution of amph-NPs within melanoma and breast tumor cells following uptake of free particles vs Au-NCs was quite distinct and that amph-NPs initially delivered into endosomes by Au-NCs transferred over a period of hours to intracellular membranes through tumor cells, with greater intracellular spread in melanoma cells than breast carcinoma cells. Clonogenic assays revealed that Au-NCs enhanced radiotherapeutic killing of melanoma cells. Thus, multilamellar lipid capsules may serve as an effective carrier to deliver amphiphilic gold nanoparticles to tumors, where the membrane-penetrating properties of these materials can significantly enhance the efficacy of frontline radiotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
- Corresponding Author. Darrell J. Irvine,
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23
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Petersen EJ, Reipa V, Watson SS, Stanley DL, Rabb SA, Nelson BC. DNA Damaging Potential of Photoactivated P25 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1877-84. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500340v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Watson
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Deborah L. Stanley
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Savelas A. Rabb
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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24
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Su XY, Liu PD, Wu H, Gu N. Enhancement of radiosensitization by metal-based nanoparticles in cancer radiation therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2014; 11:86-91. [PMID: 25009750 PMCID: PMC4069802 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy performs an important function in cancer treatment. However, resistance of tumor cells to radiation therapy still remains a serious concern, so the study of radiosensitizers has emerged as a persistent hotspot in radiation oncology. Along with the rapid advancement of nanotechnology in recent years, the potential value of nanoparticles as novel radiosensitizers has been discovered. This review summarizes the latest experimental findings both in vitro and in vivo and attempts to highlight the underlying mechanisms of response in nanoparticle radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Su
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China ; 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei-Dang Liu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China ; 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Wu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China ; 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ning Gu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China ; 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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25
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Petersen EJ, Henry TB, Zhao J, MacCuspie RI, Kirschling T, Dobrovolskaia MA, Hackley V, Xing B, White JC. Identification and avoidance of potential artifacts and misinterpretations in nanomaterial ecotoxicity measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4226-46. [PMID: 24617739 PMCID: PMC3993845 DOI: 10.1021/es4052999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel physicochemistries of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) offer considerable commercial potential for new products and processes, but also the possibility of unforeseen and negative consequences upon ENM release into the environment. Investigations of ENM ecotoxicity have revealed that the unique properties of ENMs and a lack of appropriate test methods can lead to results that are inaccurate or not reproducible. The occurrence of spurious results or misinterpretations of results from ENM toxicity tests that are unique to investigations of ENMs (as opposed to traditional toxicants) have been reported, but have not yet been systemically reviewed. Our objective in this manuscript is to highlight artifacts and misinterpretations that can occur at each step of ecotoxicity testing: procurement or synthesis of the ENMs and assessment of potential toxic impurities such as metals or endotoxins, ENM storage, dispersion of the ENMs in the test medium, direct interference with assay reagents and unacknowledged indirect effects such as nutrient depletion during the assay, and assessment of the ENM biodistribution in organisms. We recommend thorough characterization of initial ENMs including measurement of impurities, implementation of steps to minimize changes to the ENMs during storage, inclusion of a set of experimental controls (e.g., to assess impacts of nutrient depletion, ENM specific effects, impurities in ENM formulation, desorbed surface coatings, the dispersion process, and direct interference of ENM with toxicity assays), and use of orthogonal measurement methods when available to assess ENMs fate and distribution in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems
and Biomaterials Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Theodore B. Henry
- School
of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Center
for Environmental Biotechnology, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
- Department
of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jian Zhao
- Stockbridge
School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massacusetts 01003, United States
| | - Robert I. MacCuspie
- Materials
Measurement Science Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Nanotechnology
Program, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33801, United States
| | - Teresa
L. Kirschling
- Applied
Chemicals and Materials Division, NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology
Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos
Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vincent Hackley
- Materials
Measurement Science Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge
School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massacusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jason C. White
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
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26
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Babaei M, Ganjalikhani M. The potential effectiveness of nanoparticles as radio sensitizers for radiotherapy. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2014; 4:15-20. [PMID: 24790894 PMCID: PMC4005278 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2014.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Application of nanoparticles as radio sensitizer is a promising field to improve efficiency of radiotherapy. METHODS This study was conducted to review nano radio sensitizers. PubMed, Ovid Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, ISI web of knowledge, and Springer databases were searched from 2000 to May 2013 to identify relevant studies. Search was restricted to English language. RESULTS We included any study that evaluated nanoparticles, volunteer of radio enhancement at radiotherapy on animals or cell lines. Nanoparticles can increase radio sensitivity of tumor cells. This effect was shown in vivo and in vitro, at kilovltage or megavoltage energies, in 24 reviewed studies. Focus of studies was on gold nanoparticles. Radio sensitizing effects of nanoparticles depend on nanoparticles' size, type, concentration, intracellular localization, used irradiation energy and tested cell line. CONCLUSION Literature suggests potency of nanoparticles for increasing cell radio sensitivity. Reviewed results are promising and warrant future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babaei
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hunt PR, Marquis BJ, Tyner KM, Conklin S, Olejnik N, Nelson BC, Sprando RL. Nanosilver suppresses growth and induces oxidative damage to DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:1131-42. [PMID: 23636779 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the effects of nanomaterial exposure in mammals are limited, and new methods for rapid risk assessment of nanomaterials are urgently required. The utility of Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic liquid media was evaluated as an alternative in vivo model for the purpose of screening nanomaterials for toxic effects. Spherical silver nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter (10nmAg) were used as a test material, and ionic silver from silver acetate as a positive control. Silver uptake and localization, larval growth, morphology and DNA damage were utilized as endpoints for toxicity evaluation. Confocal reflection analysis indicated that 10nmAg localized to the lumen and tissues of the digestive tract of C. elegans. 10nmAg at 10 µg ml(-1) reduced the growth of C. elegans larvae, and induced oxidative damage to DNA as measured by 8-OH guanine levels. Consistent with previously published studies using mammalian models, ionic silver suppressed growth in C. elegans larvae to a greater extent than 10nmAg. Our data suggest that medium-throughput growth screening and DNA damage analysis along with morphology assessments in C. elegans could together provide powerful tools for rapid toxicity screening of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper Reid Hunt
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Division of Toxicology, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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Dickey BT, Kehoe S, Boyd D. Novel adaptations to zinc-silicate glass polyalkenoate cements: the unexpected influences of germanium based glasses on handling characteristics and mechanical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 23:8-21. [PMID: 23648365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-free glass polyalkenoate cements (GPC) have been hindered for use as injectable bone cements by their inability to balance handling characteristics with mechanical integrity. Currently, zinc-based, aluminum-free GPCs demonstrate compression strengths in excess of 60MPa, but set in c. 1-2 min. Previous efforts to extend the setting reaction have remained clinically insufficient and are typically accompanied by a significant drop in strength. This work synthesized novel glasses based on a zinc silicate composition with the inclusion of GeO2, ZrO2, and Na2O, and evaluated the setting reaction and mechanical properties of the resultant GPCs. Germanium based GPCs were found to have working times between 5 and 10 min, setting times between 14 and 36 min, and compression strengths in excess of 30 MPa for the first 30 days. The results of this investigation have shown that the inclusion of GeO2, ZrO2, and Na2O into the glass network have produced, for the first time, an aluminum-free GPC that is clinically viable as injectable bone cements with regards to handling characteristics and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Dickey
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Rajapakse K, Drobne D, Kastelec D, Marinsek-Logar R. Experimental evidence of false-positive Comet test results due to TiO2particle – assay interactions. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1043-51. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.696735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kain J, Karlsson HL, Moller L. DNA damage induced by micro- and nanoparticles--interaction with FPG influences the detection of DNA oxidation in the comet assay. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:491-500. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Petersen EJ, Henry TB. Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:60-72. [PMID: 21994158 DOI: 10.1002/etc.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) that are released into the environment and lead to exposure in organisms has accelerated the need to determine NP toxicity. Techniques for measuring the toxicity of NPs (nanotoxicology) in ecological receptors (nanoecotoxicology) are in their infancy, however, and establishing standardized ecotoxicity tests for NPs are presently limited by several factors. These factors include the extent of NP characterization necessary (or possible) before, during, and after toxicity tests such that toxic effects can be related to physicochemical characteristics of NPs; determining uptake and distribution of NPs within exposed organisms (does uptake occur or are effects exerted at organism surfaces?); and determining the appropriate types of controls to incorporate into ecotoxicity tests with NPs. In this review, the authors focus on the important elements of measuring the ecotoxicity of carbon NPs (CNPs) and make recommendations for ecotoxicology testing that should enable more rigorous interpretations of collected data and interlaboratory comparisons. This review is intended to serve as a next step toward developing standardized tests that can be incorporated into a regulatory framework for CNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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Water-soluble germanium nanoparticles cause necrotic cell death and the damage can be attenuated by blocking the transduction of necrotic signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:258-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nelson BC, Petersen EJ, Marquis BJ, Atha DH, Elliott JT, Cleveland D, Watson SS, Tseng IH, Dillon A, Theodore M, Jackman J. NIST gold nanoparticle reference materials do not induce oxidative DNA damage. Nanotoxicology 2011; 7:21-9. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.626537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Karlsson HL. The comet assay in nanotoxicology research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:651-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Petersen EJ, Nelson BC. Mechanisms and measurements of nanomaterial-induced oxidative damage to DNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:613-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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