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Warensjö Lemming E, Byberg L, Höijer J, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K. Dietary fatty acids and incident hip fractures in cohorts of women and men. A relative validation and follow-up study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100247. [PMID: 38669838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hip fractures are associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Diet is essential for preventing fragility fractures, but the role of dietary fatty acids on the risk of hip fracture is uncertain. The aim was to investigate how intake of different dietary fatty acids relates to the risk of hip fracture. A relative validation of the long-term intake of dietary fatty acids estimated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) was also performed. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS We used data collected in two population-based cohorts, the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish men (n = 83,603, 54% men, aged 45-82 years). Data from the repeated investigations in the cohorts and cross-sectional data from their clinical sub-cohorts were used. MEASUREMENTS Diet data was collected in FFQs. Incident hip fractures were gathered by individual linkage to national registers. We performed Cox regression analysis to investigate associations between dietary fatty acids and hip fracture. Follow-up time was between January 1st, 1998 and December 31st, 2020. The validation was performed using correlation analyses, comparing fatty acids measured in adipose tissue with estimated fatty acid intakes from FFQs. RESULTS During up to 23 years of follow-up (mean 18 years) and 1,538,627 person-years at risk, 7345 participants (2840 men) experienced a hip fracture. A low linoleic acid (LA) and high intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids were associated with higher hip fracture risk in a non-linear way. In quartile 4 compared to quartile 1 of LA, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of hip fracture was 0.89 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.81, 0.97). The study confirmed the validity of FFQs to capture the intake of the specific dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids. The estimated intake of LA, α-linolenic acid, and myristic acid were also adequately captured by the FFQs. Validity was confirmed in both women and men. CONCLUSION A low to moderate intake of linoleic acid and a higher intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acids were associated with a higher risk of hip fractures. The results indicate that attention should be paid to dietary fatty acid composition for the optimal prevention of fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Warensjö Lemming
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Höijer
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhu L, Shu Y, Ran J, Zhang C. Glycemic load, but not glycemic index, is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2024; 123:67-79. [PMID: 38281319 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The association between glycemic index (GI),glycemic load (GL) and ovarian cancer risk remains unclear. Carbohydrate intake promotes insulin secretion, leading to cell proliferation and invasion. We hypothesized that high GI and GL intake may increase ovarian cancer risk. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis after systematically searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2022. Fixed- or random-effect models calculated the pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup, sensitivity, publication bias analysis, and dose-response analysis were performed. Nine original studies were included, involving 4716 cases and 119,960 controls. No significant association was observed between GI or GL and ovarian cancer risk (GI: RR = 1.02 [95% CI, 0.83-1.26]; GL: RR = 1.11 [95% CI, 0.84-1.47]). Subgroup analysis suggested the results were not significantly modified by any group. Sensitivity analysis identified the sources of heterogeneity. No publication bias was observed. A linear positive dose-response relationship was observed between dietary GL and ovarian cancer risk after removing heterogeneous sources (RR = 1.11 [95% CI, 1.05-1.17], I2 = 32.9%, P = .23 at 50 U/d; RR = 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.07], I2 = 19.1%, P = .29 at 20 U/d). These outcomes suggest that high dietary GL, but not GI, is associated with significantly increased ovarian cancer risk. Thus, sufficient intake of a low dietary GL is important for reducing ovarian cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Ran
- Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Retterstøl K, Rosqvist F. Fat and fatty acids - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:9980. [PMID: 38327998 PMCID: PMC10845901 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.9980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Two de novo NNR2022 systematic reviews (SRs) as well as 21 qualified SRs (qSRs) were available. A literature search yielded an additional ~70 SRs, meta-analyses and biomarker papers. Diets lower in total fat are associated with reductions in body weight and blood pressure compared with diets higher in total fat in adults. Partial replacement of saturated fatty acid (SFA) with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) improves blood lipid profile, decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), improves glucose-insulin homeostasis and may decrease the risk of total mortality. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) decrease triglycerides and are associated with lower risk of CVD. Dietary PUFAs, both n-3 and n-6, may be associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is inconclusive evidence to suggest that the type of dietary fat is associated with blood pressure, risk of hypertension or musculoskeletal health. Higher intake of total PUFA is associated with lower mortality from any cancer. Long-chain n-3 PUFA is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, whereas biomarker levels of n-6 PUFA are associated with lower risk of any cancer. Intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA during pregnancy increases length of gestation and child birth weight and reduces the risk of preterm delivery, but there is inconclusive evidence to suggest that it may influence child neurodevelopment, growth or development of allergic disease. In studies with higher versus lower dietary cholesterol intake levels, total blood cholesterol increased or were unaffected by the dietary cholesterol, resulting in inconclusive results. Trans fatty acid (TFA), regardless of source, impairs blood lipid profile compared to unsaturated fat. In observational studies, TFA is positively associated with CVD and total mortality but whether associations differ by source is inconclusive. Ruminant TFA, as well as biomarker levels of odd-chain fatty acids, might be associated with lower risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Mortazavi AS, Ghoreishy SM, Mohammadi H. Association between total and animal proteins with risk of fracture: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:11-23. [PMID: 37855886 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous cohort studies have indicated that consumption of total and animal proteins are related to fracture risk; however, results were inconclusive. This dose-dependent review sought to summarize the earlier evidence regarding the relation between total and animal proteins and fracture risk. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science until July 2023 for original research articles examining the association of certain types of proteins and the incidence of all fractures in general adults. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects analysis to examine the relation between each certain amount (g/day) increment of total and animal protein and fracture risk. Twenty cohort studies with serious to moderate risk of bias involving 780,322 individuals were included. There was a non-statistically significant relation between intake of animal proteins and dairy products and all fracture risk. However, 43% and 5% decreased incidence of fracture was obtained with total protein (RR, 0.57; 95%CI, 0.36 to 0.93; per 100 g/day) and fish (RR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.91 to 0.99; per 15 g/day) intake. Every 100 g/day total and animal protein consumption and every 15 g/day fish consumption were linked to 48%, 50%, and 5% lower hip fracture risk. Greater dietary animal protein intake might reduce risk of hip but not fracture at any site. We obtained a lower risk of any or hip fracture with greater total protein (per 100 g/day) and fish (per 15 g/day) intake. No evidence was obtained that higher intake of dairy could decrease risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Sadat Mortazavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Je M, Kang K, Yoo JI, Kim Y. The Influences of Macronutrients on Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, and Fracture Risk in Elderly People: A Review of Human Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:4386. [PMID: 37892460 PMCID: PMC10610213 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a health condition that involves weak bone mass and a deteriorated microstructure, which consequently lead to an increased risk of bone fractures with age. In elderly people, a fracture attributable to osteoporosis elevates mortality. The objective of this review was to examine the effects of macronutrients on bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers (BTMs), and bone fracture in elderly people based on human studies. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed®/MEDLINE® database. We included human studies published up to April 2023 that investigated the association between macronutrient intake and bone health outcomes. A total of 11 meta-analyses and 127 individual human studies were included after screening the records. Carbohydrate consumption seemed to have neutral effects on bone fracture in limited studies, but human studies on carbohydrates' effects on BMD or/and BTMs are needed. The human studies analyzed herein did not clearly show whether the intake of animal, vegetable, soy, or milk basic proteins has beneficial effects on bone health due to inconsistent results. Moreover, several individual human studies indicated an association between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and osteocalcin. Further studies are required to draw a clear association between macronutrients and bone health in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyeonghoon Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-Ro, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoona Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Golzan SA, Movahedian M, Haghighat N, Asbaghi O, Hekmatdoost A. Association between non-nutritive sweetener consumption and liver enzyme levels in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1105-1117. [PMID: 36622225 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The use of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) is dramatically increasing in food commodities, and their effects on biochemical parameters have been the subject of great controversy. Liver enzymes as markers of liver injury may be helpful measures of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest their associations with NNSs are contentious. OBJECTIVE The current study was designed to provide a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs studying the consequences of NNS consumption on ALT, AST, and GGT concentrations (ie, the 3 main liver enzymes in adults). DATA SOURCES Scopus, PubMed, and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies up to April 2021, with no time and language limitations. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent researchers extracted information from qualified studies, and a third researcher rechecked it. DATA ANALYSIS Of 3212 studies, 10 studies that enrolled a total of 854 volunteers were included. A random-effects or fixed-effects model was utilized to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and quantified using the I2 statistic. The pooled results demonstrated that, compared with control groups, NNS intake led to nonsignificant reductions in ALT (WMD: -.78, 95% CI: -2.14, .57, P = .25) and GGT (WMD: -.21, 95% CI: -1.46, 1.04, P = .74). Also, a small nonsignificant increasing effect on AST level was found (WMD: .02, 95% CI: -1.26, 1.30, P = .97). NNS significantly reduced AST levels in type 2 diabetes patients when subgroup analyses were performed. Also, in trials with ≥24-week intervention or studies that utilized stevioside for intervention, a significant reducing effect on ALT level was observed. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that NNS intake has no significant effect on liver enzyme levels in adults. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021250067.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amirhossein Golzan
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Andreo-López MC, Contreras-Bolívar V, García-Fontana B, García-Fontana C, Muñoz-Torres M. The Influence of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3224. [PMID: 37513646 PMCID: PMC10385532 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is rich in nutrients and contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on muscle and bone deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty and susceptibility to fracture, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to combat them in the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven to be beneficial to bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, physical function, OP and sarcopenia. Hence, this diet is proposed as a therapeutic tool that could slow the onset of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, there is doubt about the interaction between the MedDiet, strength and fracture risk. Perhaps the amount of EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables and fish rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients ingested has an influence, though the results remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Contreras-Bolívar
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Movahedian M, Golzan SA, Asbaghi O, Prabahar K, Hekmatdoost A. Assessing the impact of non-nutritive sweeteners on anthropometric indices and leptin levels in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37440689 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2233615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In today's world, non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are recognized as substitutes for sugar or other high-calorie sweeteners, and their consumption is increasing dramatically. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the impact of NNSs on anthropometric indices. To fill this gap in knowledge, the current GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effects of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners consumption on anthropometric indices and serum leptin level which is known as an appetite-regulating hormone. A comprehensive search was conducted on the Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases up to November 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of NNSs on anthropometric indices and serum leptin levels. Data extraction from qualified studies was performed independently by two researchers. A random- or fixed-effects model was used to estimate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for anthropometric indices such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), waist circumference (WC) and serum leptin level. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and quantified using the I2 statistic. From a pool of 3212 studies initially identified, 20 studies with a total sample size of 2158 subjects were included in the analysis. Results of the pooled analysis showed that NNSs consumption had a significant reducing effect on BW (WMD: -1.02, 95% CI: -1.57, -0.46 Kg), FM (WMD: -1.09, 95% CI: -1.90, -0.29), and FFM (WMD: -0.83, 95% CI: -1.42, -0.23), but did not have any significant effect on BMI (WMD: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.35, 0.02), WC (WMD: -1.03, 95% CI: -2.77, 0.72), or serum leptin level (WMD: -2.17, 95% CI: -4.98, 0.65). The findings of this study indicate that the consumption of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners may lead to a reduction in body weight, fat mass, and free fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Movahedian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ke Y, Hu H, Zhang J, Yuan L, Li T, Feng Y, Wu Y, Fu X, Wang M, Gao Y, Huo W, Chen Y, Zhang W, Wang L, Li X, Pang J, Zheng Z, Hu F, Zhang M, Sun L, Zhao Y, Lu J, Hu D. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Fractures: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:599-611. [PMID: 36966875 PMCID: PMC10334160 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption remains inconsistently correlated with fracture risk, and a dose-response meta-analysis for specific outcomes is lacking. The objective of this study was to quantitatively integrate the data on the relationship between alcohol consumption and fracture risk. Pertinent articles were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to 20 February 2022. Combined RRs and 95% CIs were estimated by random- or fixed-effects models. Restricted cubic splines were used to model linear or nonlinear relationships. Forty-four articles covering 6,069,770 participants and 205,284 cases of fracture were included. The combined RRs and 95% CIs for highest compared with lowest alcohol consumption were 1.26 (1.17-1.37), 1.24 (1.13-1.35), and 1.20 (1.03-1.40) for total, osteoporotic, and hip fractures, respectively. A linear positive relationship between alcohol consumption and total fracture risk was detected (Pnonlinearity = 0.057); the risk was correlated with a 6% increase (RR, 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) per 14 g/d increment of alcohol consumption. J-shaped relationships of alcohol consumption with risk of osteoporotic fractures (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) and hip fractures (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) were found. Alcohol consumption of 0 to 22 g/d was linked to a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures. Our findings show that any level of alcohol consumption is a risk factor for total fractures. Moreover, this dose-response meta-analysis shows that an alcohol consumption level of 0 to 22 g/d is related to a reduction in the risk of osteoporotic and hip fractures. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022320623).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Ke
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 47 Youyi Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 47 Youyi Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaobing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longkang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 47 Youyi Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, ShenZhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqiang Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, ShenZhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 47 Youyi Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518001, People's Republic of China.
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Gao J, Xie C, Yang J, Tian C, Zhang M, Lu Z, Meng X, Cai J, Guo X, Gao T. The Effects of n-3 PUFA Supplementation on Bone Metabolism Markers and Body Bone Mineral Density in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs. Nutrients 2023; 15:2806. [PMID: 37375709 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone metabolism have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on bone metabolism markers and bone mineral density through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases, updated to 1 March 2023. The intervention effects were measured as standard mean differences (SMD) and mean differences (MD). Additionally, n-3 PUFA with the untreated control, placebo control, or lower-dose n-3 PUFA supplements were compared, respectively. Further, 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (22 comparisons, n = 2546) showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly increased blood n-3 PUFA (SMD: 2.612; 95% CI: 1.649 to 3.575). However, no significant effects were found on BMD, CTx-1, NTx-1, BAP, serum calcium, 25(OH)D, PTH, CRP, and IL-6. Subgroup analyses showed significant increases in femoral neck BMD in females (0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.02), people aged <60 years (0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.01), and those people in Eastern countries (0.02, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.03), and for 25(OH)D in people aged ≥60 years (0.43, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.74), treated with n-3 PUFA only (0.36, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.66), and in studies lasting ≤6 months (0.29, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.47). NTx-1 decreased in both genders (-9.66, 95% CI: -15.60 to -3.71), and serum calcium reduction was found in studies lasting >6 months (-0.19, 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.01). The present study demonstrated that n-3 PUFA supplementation might not have a significant effect on bone mineral density or bone metabolism markers, but have some potential benefits for younger postmenopausal subjects in the short term. Therefore, additional high-quality, long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted to fully elucidate the potential benefits of n-3 PUFA supplementation, as well as the combined supplementation of n-3 PUFA, on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chenqi Xie
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Health Service Center of Xuejiadao Community, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Mai Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenquan Lu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiangyuan Meng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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11
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Grili PPDF, Vidigal CV, Cruz GFD, Albergaria BH, Marques-Rocha JL, Pereira TSS, Guandalini VR. Nutrient Patterns and Risk of Osteopenia in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071670. [PMID: 37049510 PMCID: PMC10096860 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient patterns (NPs) and the synergistic effect between nutrients have been shown to be associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to identify NPs and to associate them with BMD categories in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional, observational, analytical study was carried out with women in menopause for at least 12 months, aged ≥50 years. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables were investigated. BMD was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A dietary assessment was conducted using a food frequency questionnaire, and three nutrient patterns (NP1, NP2, and NP3) were extracted from the principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between BMD classifications and NP consumption. A total of 124 women, aged on average, 66.8 ± 6.1 years, were evaluated. Of these, 41.9% had osteopenia and 36.3% had osteoporosis. The NP1 (OR: 6.64, [CI95%: 1.56-28.16]; p = 0.010), characterized by vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, phosphorus, riboflavin, protein (total and animal), vitamin B6, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, cholesterol, β-carotene, omega 3, magnesium, zinc, niacin, and selenium; and the NP2 (OR: 5.03, [CI95%: 1.25-20.32]; p = 0.023), characterized by iron, vegetable protein, thiamine, folate, fibers (soluble and insoluble), PUFA, vitamin A, vitamin K, alpha-tocopherol, copper, sodium, and retinol, was inversely associated with osteopenia. The lower consumption of NP1 and NP2 by postmenopausal women was associated with a higher risk of osteopenia, but not osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Paula da Fonseca Grili
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Camila Vilarinho Vidigal
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Geise Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Integrated Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur Albergaria
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Marques-Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
- Department of Integrated Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | | | - Valdete Regina Guandalini
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
- Department of Integrated Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
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12
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Increased Dietary Intakes of Total Protein, Animal Protein and White Meat Protein Were Associated with Reduced Bone Loss—A Prospective Analysis Based on Guangzhou Health and Nutrition Cohort, South China. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061432. [PMID: 36986162 PMCID: PMC10051092 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the relationships between different types of dietary protein and changes in bone mass in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people. Dietary intakes were evaluated by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a dual-energy bone densitometer at multiple bone sites. Multivariable regression models were applied to investigate the associations of the participants’ dietary intakes of total protein, intakes of protein from various sources, and amino acid intakes with the annualized changes in BMD during a 3-year follow-up. A total of 1987 participants aged 60.3 ± 4.9 years were included in the analyses. Multivariable linear regression results showed that dietary intakes of total protein, animal protein, and protein from white meat were positively correlated with BMD changes, with standardized coefficients (β) of 0.104, 0.073, and 0.074 at the femur neck (p < 0.01) and 0.118, 0.067, and 0.067 at the trochanter (p < 0.01), respectively. With each increase of 0.1g·kg−1·d−1 in animal protein and white meat protein intakes, the BMD losses were reduced by 5.40 and 9.24 mg/cm2 at the femur neck (p < 0.05) and 1.11 and 1.84 mg/cm2 at the trochanter (p < 0.01), respectively. Our prospective data, obtained from Chinese adults, showed that dietary total and animal protein, especially protein from white meat, could significantly reduce bone loss at the femur neck and trochanter.
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13
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Yu Y, Wang Y, Hou X, Tian F. Recent advances in the identification of related factors and preventive strategies of hip fracture. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1006527. [PMID: 36992874 PMCID: PMC10040558 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1006527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip fracture is the most devastating type of osteoporosis-related fracture, and is a major worldwide public health problem with a high socioeconomic burden, morbidity rate, and mortality rate. Thus, it is crucial to uncover the risk factors and protective factors to create a hip fracture prevention strategy. In addition to a briefly review of some well accepted risk and protective factors of hip fracture, this review mainly summarized the recent advances in the identification of emerging risk or protective factors for hip fracture, in terms of regional differences in medical services, diseases, drugs, mechanical load, neuromuscular mass, genes, blood types, cultural differences. This review provides a comprehensive review of the associated factors and effective prevention measures for hip fracture, and discusses issues that need further investigation. These issues include the determination of the influencing mechanism of risk factors triggering hip fracture and their interlinked correlation with other factors, as well as the confirmation or correction of emerging factors associated with hip fracture, particularly those that are still controversial. These recent findings will aid in optimizing the strategy for preventing hip fracture.
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14
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Feehan O, Magee PJ, Pourshahidi LK, Armstrong DJ, Slevin MM, Allsopp PJ, Conway MC, Strain JJ, McSorley EM. Associations of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:95-104. [PMID: 35908118 PMCID: PMC9899733 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immunomodulatory properties of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are reported to reduce bone loss through alteration of bone remodelling and n-3 LCPUFA, therefore, may benefit bone health in post-menopausal women, a vulnerable group at high risk of osteoporosis. METHODS Measures of bone mineral density (BMD) were determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 300 post-menopausal women. The bone turnover markers osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX) and total alkaline phosphatase were quantified in serum along with urinary creatinine corrected deoxypyridinoline (DPD/Cr) and CTX/Cr and the CTX:OC ratio calculated. Total serum n-6 PUFA (LA + AA) and n - 3 LCPUFA (ALA + EPA + DPA + DHA) were measured and the n - 6:n - 3 ratio was calculated. RESULTS Mean (SD) age and body mass index (BMI) were 61 (6.4) years and 27.4 (4.8) kg/m2, respectively with participants being 12.6 (7.6) years post-menopause. Multiple regression analysis identified no association between n-3 LCPUFA and any of the measures of T-score or BMD albeit a significant positive association between total n - 3 LCPUFA and femur BMD (β = 0.287; p = 0.043) was observed within those women with a low n - 6:n - 3 ratio. There was a significant inverse association between ALA and urinary DPD/Cr (β = - 0.141; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION A favourable low n - 6:n - 3 ratio was associated with higher femur BMD and a higher n - 3 LCPUFA (ALA) was associated with lower bone resorption. These results support a beneficial role for n - 3 LCPUFA in reducing postmenopausal bone resorption and favourably influencing BMD. TRIAL NUMBER & DATE OF REGISTRATION ISRCTN63118444, 2nd October 2009, "Retrospectively registered".
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlagh Feehan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Pamela Jane Magee
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Laura Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
| | - David John Armstrong
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK ,Department of Rheumatology, Altnagelvin Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, BT47 6SB UK
| | - Mary Martina Slevin
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Philip James Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Marie Catherine Conway
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Emeir Mary McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
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15
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Foods, nutrients and hip fracture risk: A prospective study of middle-aged women. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2825-2832. [PMID: 36402009 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hip fracture affects 1.6 million people globally each year, and increases morbidity and mortality. There is potential for risk reduction through diet modification, but prospective evidence for associations between intake of several foods and nutrients and hip fracture risk is limited. This study aimed to investigate associations between food and nutrient intakes and hip fracture risk in the UK Women's Cohort Study, and to determine the role of body mass index (BMI) as a potential effect modifier. METHODS Dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric, and socio-economic information of UK women, ages 35-69 years, were collected in a survey at recruitment (1995-1998), and included a validated 217-item food frequency questionnaire. Hip fracture cases were identified by linking participant data at recruitment with their Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) up to March 2019. Cox regression models were used to estimate associations between standard portions of food and nutrient intakes and hip fracture risk over a median follow-up time of 22.3 years. RESULTS Among 26,318 women linked to HES data (556,331 person-years), 822 hip fracture cases were identified. After adjustment for confounders, every additional cup of tea or coffee per day was associated with a 4% lower risk of hip fracture (HR (95% CI): 0.96 (0.92, 1.00)). A 25 g/day increment of dietary protein intake was also associated with a 14% lower risk of hip fracture (0.86 (0.73, 1.00)). In subgroup analyses, BMI modified linear associations between dietary intakes of protein, calcium, total dairy, milk, and tea and hip fracture risk (pinteraction = 0.02, 0.002, 0.003, 0.001, and 0.003, respectively); these foods and nutrients were associated with a reduced risk of hip fracture in underweight but not healthy or overweight participants. In particular, risk of hip fracture in underweight participants (28 cases, 545 participants) was 45% lower for every 25 g/day protein consumed (0.55 (0.38, 0.78)). CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective cohort study internationally of multiple food and nutrient intakes in relation to hip fracture risk by BMI using linkage to hospital records. Results suggest that the potential roles of some foods and nutrients in hip fracture prevention, particularly protein, tea and coffee in underweight women, merit confirmation. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05081466.
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16
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Zhang Y, Guo H, Liang J, Xiao W, Li Y. Relationship Between Dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Level and Sarcopenia. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 8:738083. [PMID: 35096921 PMCID: PMC8789889 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.738083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigates the relationship between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels and sarcopenia. Methods: A comprehensive literature search in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase (up to July 2021) were conducted to identify the observational studies on the relationship between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs level and sarcopenia. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia for the highest vs. lowest dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs level and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs levels for sarcopenia vs. control subjects were calculated. Results: A total of six studies were identified in this meta-analysis. The overall multi-variable adjusted OR showed that dietary omega-3 PUFAs level was inversely associated with sarcopenia (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.26–0.65; P = 0.0001). Moreover, the overall combined SMD showed that the dietary omega-3 PUFAs level in sarcopenia was lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI: −0.32 to −0.07; P = 0.002). With regard to dietary omega-6 PUFAs level, the overall multi-variable adjusted OR suggested no significant relationship between dietary omega-6 PUFAs level and sarcopenia (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.33–1.24; P = 0.19). However, the overall combined SMD showed that the dietary omega-6 PUFAs level in sarcopenia was slightly lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.02; P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results suggested that the dietary omega-3 PUFAs level was inversely associated with sarcopenia. However, current evidence is still insufficient to demonstrate the definite relationship between dietary omega-6 PUFAs levels and sarcopenia. More well-designed prospective cohort studies with the dietary omega-3/omega-6 PUFAs ratio are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Anagnostis P, Florentin M, Livadas S, Lambrinoudaki I, Goulis DG. Bone Health in Patients with Dyslipidemias: An Underestimated Aspect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031639. [PMID: 35163560 PMCID: PMC8835770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond being aging-related diseases, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share common pathogenetic pathways implicated in bone and vascular mineralization. However, the contributory role of dyslipidemia in this interplay is less documented. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide epidemiological evidence regarding the prevalence of bone disease (osteoporosis, fracture risk) in patients with dyslipidemias and to discuss potential common pathophysiological mechanisms linking osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. The effect of hypolipidemic therapy on bone metabolism is also discussed. Despite the high data heterogeneity and the variable quality of studies, dyslipidemia, mainly elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, is associated with low bone mass and increased fracture risk. This effect may be mediated directly by the increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation associated with dyslipidemia, leading to increased osteoclastic activity and reduced bone formation. Moreover, factors such as estrogen, vitamin D and K deficiency, and increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone, homocysteine and lipid oxidation products, can also contribute. Regarding the effect of hypolipidemic medications on bone metabolism, statins may slightly increase BMD and reduce fracture risk, although the evidence is not robust, as it is for omega-3 fatty acids. No evidence exists for the effects of ezetimibe, fibrates, and niacin. In any case, more prospective studies are needed further to elucidate the association between lipids and bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-257150; Fax: +30-2310-281179
| | - Matilda Florentin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | | | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Movahedian M, Golzan SA, Ashtary-Larky D, Clark CCT, Asbaghi O, Hekmatdoost A. The effects of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners on lipid profile in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-17. [PMID: 34882023 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2012641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been posited that Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) intake may affect lipid profile. However, its proven effects on lipid profile are unclear, as clinical studies on this topic have produced inconsistent results. To fill this gap in knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to evaluate the effects of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners consumption on lipid profile markers. To identify eligible RCTs, a systematic search up to April 2021 was completed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE, using relevant keywords. A random-effect model was utilized to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence (95% CI) for TG, TC, and LDL. On the other hand, a fixed-effect model was used to estimate the WMD and 95% CI for HDL. Fourteen RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that NNS did not affect TG (WMD:-1.31, 95% CI:-5.89, 3.27 mg/dl), TC (WMD:-2.27,95% CI:-7.61,3.07 mg/dl), LDL (WMD:1,95% CI: -2.72, 4.71 mg/dl), and HDL (WMD:0.06, 95% CI:-0.62,0.73 mg/dl). Subgroup analysis showed that NNS may be related to a small, but statistically significant, increase in LDL (WMD:4.23, 95% CI:0.50,7.96 mg/dl) in subjects with normal levels of LDL (<100 mg/dl). We found that consumption of artificial- and stevia-based sweeteners is not associated with lipid profile changes in adults. This study has been registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021250025).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Movahedian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Amirhossein Golzan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Webster J, Rycroft CE, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. Dietary risk factors for hip fracture in adults: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259144. [PMID: 34758048 PMCID: PMC8580223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To summarise the totality of evidence regarding dietary risk factors for hip fracture in adults, evaluating the quality of evidence, to provide recommendations for practice and further research. DESIGN Systematic review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting summary risk estimates for associations between hip fracture incidence and dietary exposures including oral intake of a food, food group, beverage, or nutrient, or adherence to dietary patterns. INFORMATION SOURCES Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception until November 2020. DATA SYNTHESIS The methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was assessed using AMSTAR-2, and the quality of evidence for each association was assessed using GRADE. Results were synthesised descriptively. RESULTS Sixteen systematic reviews were identified, covering thirty-four exposures, including dietary patterns (n = 2 meta-analyses), foods, food groups, or beverages (n = 16), macronutrients (n = 3), and micronutrients (n = 13). Identified meta-analyses included 6,282 to 3,730,424 participants with between 322 and 26,168 hip fractures. The methodological quality (AMSTAR-2) of all systematic reviews was low or critically low. The quality of evidence (GRADE) was low for an inverse association between hip fracture incidence and intake of fruits and vegetables combined (adjusted summary relative risk for higher vs lower intakes: 0.92 [95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 0.98]), and very low for the remaining thirty-three exposures. CONCLUSION Dietary factors may play a role in the primary prevention of hip fracture, but the methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was below international standards, and there was a lack of high-quality evidence. More long-term cohort studies reporting absolute risks and robust, well-conducted meta-analyses with dose-response information are needed before policy guidelines can be formed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020226190.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Webster
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine E. Rycroft
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet E. Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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20
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Feng W, Wang X, Huang D, Lu A. Role of diet in osteoporosis incidence: Umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-10. [PMID: 34644187 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1989374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An umbrella review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize evidence for the association between dietary factors and the incidence of osteoporosis in adults. Only systematic reviews or meta-analyses were eligible for this study. Two researchers independently performed reading, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the included literature. The outcomes included in this study were all associated with osteoporosis, including osteoporotic fractures and low bone density. A total of 54 studies were included in this study, with 83 adjusted hazard ratios on diet, dairy group (n = 13), alcohol (n = 2), tea (n = 6), coffee (n = 3), micronutrient (n = 31), dietary pattern (n = 21), and foods (n = 7) regarding the incidence of osteoporosis. Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) quality assessment method was used in this study. The high, medium, low and very low quality studies accounted for 27.7, 41, 21.7 and 9.6% of this study, respectively. Based on the included literature studies in this umbrella review, it was found that dietary factors have a relevant impact on the incidences of human osteoporosis, appropriate consumption of dairy products, vegetables, fruits, and micronutrients, as well as reduced intake of alcohol and coffee, can reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Feng
- Orthopaedics Department, Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Prov., P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Orthopaedics Department, Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Prov., P.R. China
| | - Daoqiang Huang
- Orthopaedics Department, Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Prov., P.R. China
| | - Anqi Lu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai Municipality, P.R. China
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21
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Mitchell A, Fall T, Melhus H, Lind L, Michaëlsson K, Byberg L. Type 2 Diabetes and Change in Total Hip Bone Area and Bone Mineral Density in Swedish Men and Women Older Than 55 Years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2840-2854. [PMID: 34214157 PMCID: PMC8475243 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In a cross-sectional study, we found an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and smaller bone area together with greater bone mineral density (BMD) at the total hip. OBJECTIVE This work aims to investigate these associations longitudinally, by studying T2DM status (no T2DM n = 1521, incident T2DM n = 119, or prevalent T2DM n = 106) in relation to changes in total hip bone area and BMD. METHODS In 3 cohorts, the Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical (SMCC; n = 1060), Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; n = 483), and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n = 203), with repeat assessment of T2DM status and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of total hip bone area and BMD on average 8 years apart, a linear regression model was used to assess the effect of T2DM status on change in bone area and BMD at the total hip. RESULTS After meta-analysis, the change in bone area at the total hip was 0.5% lower among those with incident T2DM compared to those without T2DM (-0.18 cm2; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.06). The change in bone area was similar among those with prevalent T2DM compared to those without (0.00 cm2; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.13). For BMD, the combined estimate was 0.004 g/cm2 (95% CI, -0.006 to 0.014) among those with incident T2DM and 0.010 g/cm2 (95% CI, -0.000 to 0.020) among those with prevalent T2DM, compared to those without T2DM. CONCLUSION Those with incident T2DM have a lower expansion in bone area at the total hip compared to those without T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mitchell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: Adam Mitchell, MMedSci, Epihubben, MTC, Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Mei Z, Chen GC, Hu J, Lin C, Sun Z, Liu C, Geng X, Yuan C, Qi Q, Zheng Y. Habitual use of fish oil supplements, genetic predisposition, and risk of fractures: a large population-based study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:945-954. [PMID: 34038933 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have suggested an inverse association between circulating concentrations of long-chain ω-3 PUFAs and fracture risk. However, whether supplementation of long-chain ω-3 PUFA (i.e. fish oil) is associated with fracture risk, and whether the association is modified by genetic predisposition to fracture risk remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations of habitual fish oil supplement use with fracture risk, and to explore the potential effect modification by genetic predisposition. METHODS This study included 492,713 participants from the UK Biobank who completed a questionnaire on habitual fish oil supplement use between 2006 and 2010. HRs and 95% CIs for fractures were estimated from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. A weighted fracture-genetic risk score (GRS) was derived from 14 validated single nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.1 y, 12,070 incident fractures occurred among participants free of fracture at baseline (n = 441,756). Compared with nonuse, habitual use of fish oil supplements was associated with a lower risk of total fractures (HR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.97), hip fractures (HR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.92), and vertebrae fractures (HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99). The inverse association for total fractures was more pronounced among participants having a higher fracture-GRS than among those with a lower fracture-GRS (P-interaction <0.001). Among participants with a history of fracture at baseline (n = 50,957), fish oil use was associated with a lower risk of total recurrent fractures (HR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.96) and vertebrae recurrent fractures (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.88) but not with hip fracture recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that habitual fish oil supplement use is associated with lower risks of both incident and recurrent fractures. The inverse associations of fish oil use with total fractures appeared to be more pronounced among individuals at higher genetic risk of fractures than those with lower genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jianying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- Department of Big Data and Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Moazen M, Mazloom Z, Tanideh N, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Rahmdel S, Azarpira N, Fararouei M. Osteoprotective effects of kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C in ovariectomized rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021:1-10. [PMID: 34162225 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions can be valuable for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C on the bone and uterus parameters of ovariectomized rats. Seventy-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated. The ovariectomized rats were assigned to six groups and received 1 ml/day of distilled water (OVX group), milk, kefir, kefir fortified with omega-3 (kefir+ω3), kefir fortified with vitamin C (kefir+vit-C) or kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C (kefir+ω3+vit-C) for 12 weeks. The sham group also received 1ml/day of distilled water. Subsequently, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of various bones were assessed. Femurs and uteri were harvested for bone ash analysis and histopathological examinations, respectively. Sera were analyzed for carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, calcium, phosphorous, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and total antioxidant capacity levels. Ovariectomy resulted in significant reduction in bone density (P<0.05). Kefir+ω3+vit-C significantly improved BMC of lumbar spine (0.699±0.027 g compared with 0.580±0.018 in the OVX group), and kefir, kefir+vit-C and kefir+ω3+vit-C significantly increased BMD of tibia (0.118±0.003 g/cm2, 0.119±0.001 and 0.120±0.004 compared with 0.102±0.005 in the OVX group). Moreover, ovariectomy markedly elevated TNF-α level, which was significantly reversed by kefir+ω3+vit-C. Significant atrophy of the uterus was observed following ovariectomy, although the uterus parameters did not change by any of the interventions. In conclusion, kefir fortified with omega-3 and vitamin C may have protective effects against bone loss through suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moazen
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazloom
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Samane Rahmdel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Mozaffari H, Hosseini Z, Lafrenière J, Conklin AI. Is eating a mixed diet better for health and survival?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8120-8136. [PMID: 34039222 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of dietary diversity in chronic disease or survival is controversial. This meta-analysis quantified the health impact of dietary diversity. Random-effects models pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 20 longitudinal studies. Total dietary diversity was associated with a 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.78 [95%CI: 0.64, 0.96]), and was inversely associated with incident cancer- or CVD-specific mortality only in subgroup analyses (RR range: 0.53 to 0.90, p < 0.05). Similarly, diversity across healthy foods was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (RR 0.84 [95%CI: 0.73, 0.96]). An inverse association between total diet diversity and incident CVD was significant in non-European populations consuming diets with diverse food groups (RR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.86-0.99]). Effects on cancer risk are unstudied. Diversity within fruits and/or vegetables showed null associations for all outcomes, except potentially for squamous cell-type carcinomas. More robust research is warranted. Findings indicated greater dietary diversity may benefit overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mozaffari
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseini
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacynthe Lafrenière
- School of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Annalijn I Conklin
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Yaghubi E, Carboni S, Snipe RMJ, Shaw CS, Fyfe JJ, Smith CM, Kaur G, Tan SY, Hamilton DL. Farmed Mussels: A Nutritive Protein Source, Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids, with a Low Environmental Footprint. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041124. [PMID: 33805534 PMCID: PMC8067026 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s ever-growing population presents a major challenge in providing sustainable food options and in reducing pressures on the Earth’s agricultural land and freshwater resources. Current estimates suggest that agriculture contributes ~30% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Additionally, there is an increased demand for animal protein, the production of which is particularly polluting. Therefore, the climate-disrupting potential of feeding the planet is likely to substantially worsen in the future. Due to the nutritional value of animal-based protein, it is not a simple solution to recommend a wholesale reduction in production/consumption of animal proteins. Rather, employing strategies which result in the production of low carbon animal protein may be part of the solution to reduce the GHGs associated with our diets without compromising diet quality. We suggest that farmed mussels may present a partial solution to this dilemma. Mussel production has a relatively low GHG production and does not put undue pressure on land or fresh water supplies. By drawing comparisons to other protein sources using the Australian Food and Nutrient Database and other published data, we demonstrate that they are a sustainable source of high-quality protein, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, and other key micronutrients such as B-12 and iron. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the health benefits and potential risks of increasing the consumption of farmed mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Yaghubi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran;
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
| | | | - Christopher S. Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Jackson J. Fyfe
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Craig M. Smith
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia;
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - David. Lee Hamilton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; (C.S.S.); (J.J.F.); (G.K.); (S.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-392445207
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26
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Vegan Diet and Bone Health-Results from the Cross-Sectional RBVD Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020685. [PMID: 33669942 PMCID: PMC7924854 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests that a vegan diet might be associated with impaired bone health. Therefore, a cross-sectional study (n = 36 vegans, n = 36 omnivores) was used to investigate the associations of veganism with calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements, along with the investigation of differences in the concentrations of nutrition- and bone-related biomarkers between vegans and omnivores. This study revealed lower levels in the QUS parameters in vegans compared to omnivores, e.g., broadband ultrasound attenuation (vegans: 111.8 ± 10.7 dB/MHz, omnivores: 118.0 ± 10.8 dB/MHz, p = 0.02). Vegans had lower levels of vitamin A, B2, lysine, zinc, selenoprotein P, n-3 fatty acids, urinary iodine, and calcium levels, while the concentrations of vitamin K1, folate, and glutamine were higher in vegans compared to omnivores. Applying a reduced rank regression, 12 out of the 28 biomarkers were identified to contribute most to bone health, i.e., lysine, urinary iodine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, selenoprotein P, vitamin A, leucine, α-klotho, n-3 fatty acids, urinary calcium/magnesium, vitamin B6, and FGF23. All QUS parameters increased across the tertiles of the pattern score. The study provides evidence of lower bone health in vegans compared to omnivores, additionally revealing a combination of nutrition-related biomarkers, which may contribute to bone health. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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27
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Zhang J, Liang D, Zhao A. Dietary Diversity and the Risk of Fracture in Adults: A Prospective Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3655. [PMID: 33261013 PMCID: PMC7761242 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important and modifiable role in bone health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary diversity on the risk of any type of fracture in adults. Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey collected between waves 1997 and 2015 were used. A total of 10,192 adults aged 40 years and older were included in the analysis. Both dietary diversity score (DDS) based on Chinese dietary guidelines (DDS-CDG) and minimum dietary diversity for women (DDS-MDD-W) were computed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were conducted to determine the association. Stratified analyses were conducted in women by the age of fracture using the case-control study approach. In men, higher scores in both the DDS-CDG (hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.88) and DDS-MDD-W (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54-0.82) were associated with decreased risk of fracture, however, the associations were not significant in women (DDS-CDG: HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.79-1.12; DDS-MDD-W: HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.09). In the stratified analyses, higher DDS-CDG (odds ratio (OR) 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95) and higher DDS-MDD-W (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.95) were associated with lower risks of fracture in women aged 40 to 60 years; in women aged over 60 years, no association was observed (DDS-CDG: OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.83-1.46; DDS-MDD-W: OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.79-1.27). In summary, higher dietary diversity was associated with decreased risk of fracture in men and middle-aged women, but not in women aged over 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dong Liang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China;
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28
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Asbaghi O, Sadeghian M, Nazarian B, Sarreshtedari M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Maleki V, Alizadeh M, Shokri A, Sadeghi O. The effect of vitamin E supplementation on selected inflammatory biomarkers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17234. [PMID: 33057114 PMCID: PMC7560744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The previous meta-analysis of clinical trials revealed a beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations; however, it is unknown whether this vitamin has the same influence on other inflammatory biomarkers. Also, several clinical trials have been published since the release of earlier meta-analysis. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to summarize current evidence on the effects of vitamin E supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. We searched the online databases using relevant keywords up to November 2019. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of vitamin E, compared with the placebo, on serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were included. Overall, we included 33 trials with a total sample size of 2102 individuals, aged from 20 to 70 years. Based on 36 effect sizes from 26 RCTs on serum concentrations of CRP, we found a significant reduction following supplementation with vitamin E (− 0.52, 95% CI − 0.80, − 0.23 mg/L, P < 0.001). Although the overall effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was not significant, a significant reduction in this cytokine was seen in studies that used α-tocopherol and those trials that included patients with disorders related to insulin resistance. Moreover, we found a significant reducing effect of vitamin E supplementation on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations at high dosages of vitamin E; such that based on dose–response analysis, serum TNF-α concentrations were reduced significantly at the dosages of ≥ 700 mg/day vitamin E (Pnon-linearity = 0.001). Considering different chemical forms of vitamin E, α-tocopherol, unlike other forms, had a reducing effect on serum levels of CRP and IL-6. In conclusion, our findings revealed a beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation, particularly in the form of α-tocopherol, on subclinical inflammation in adults. Future high-quality RCTs should be conducted to translate this anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin E to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Nazarian
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Azad Shokri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Warensjö Lemming E, Byberg L. Is a Healthy Diet Also Suitable for the Prevention of Fragility Fractures? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092642. [PMID: 32872582 PMCID: PMC7551566 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia contribute to the risk of fracture in the population. These conditions share common features, and it is known that a healthy diet may have beneficial effects on both, theoretically resulting in fewer fractures. The present narrative review gives an overview of recent epidemiological research related to the association between healthy diets/dietary patterns, bone health and fragility fractures. The review also gives a brief overview on general dietary recommendations and advice as the cornerstone of public health nutrition. Although muscle health and sarcopenia contribute to the risk of fractures, these endpoints were not the focus of this review. Healthy diets are nutrient dense and contain bioactive components that are needed for the constant remodeling of the skeleton and to slow the rate of bone loss and muscle wasting, thus contributing to the prevention of fragility fractures. Compliance with healthy dietary patterns were predominantly found to be inversely associated with bone outcomes, although this was not entirely consistent across all studies. Different a priori diet scores, such as the Mediterranean diet score and the Dietary Inflammatory Index, as well as a posteriori data driven dietary patterns, such as the prudent or healthy dietary pattern, were inversely associated with fragility fractures in different populations. In conclusion, different healthy dietary patterns may contribute to bone health and less fractures. Following current dietary guidelines is thus advisable for the prevention of fragility fractures.
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30
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Muñoz-Garach A, García-Fontana B, Muñoz-Torres M. Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071986. [PMID: 32635394 PMCID: PMC7400143 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, impaired bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Fragility fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and disability and are a major public health problem worldwide. The influence of nutritional factors on the development and progression of this disease can be significant and is not yet well established. Calcium intake and vitamin D status are considered to be essential for bone metabolism homeostasis. However, some recent studies have questioned the usefulness of calcium and vitamin D supplements in decreasing the risk of fractures. The adequate intake of protein, vegetables and other nutrients is also of interest, and recommendations have been established by expert consensus and clinical practice guidelines. It is important to understand the influence of nutrients not only in isolation but also in the context of a dietary pattern, which is a complex mixture of nutrients. In this review, we evaluate the available scientific evidence for the effects of the main dietary patterns on bone health. Although some dietary patterns seem to have beneficial effects, more studies are needed to fully elucidate the true influence of diet on bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Muñoz-Garach
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (M.M.-T.)
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (M.M.-T.)
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Li N, Wu X, Zhuang W, Xia L, Chen Y, Wu C, Rao Z, Du L, Zhao R, Yi M, Wan Q, Zhou Y. Fish consumption and multiple health outcomes: Umbrella review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Fish Consumption and the Risk of Chronic Disease: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1123-1133. [PMID: 32207773 PMCID: PMC7490170 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to present a comprehensive review of published meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies on the association of fish consumption and the risk of chronic disease. A systematic search was undertaken in Pubmed and Scopus to October 2019 to find meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the association of fish consumption and the risk of chronic disease. Retrospective and cross-sectional studies and studies with unadjusted risk estimates were excluded. The summary relative risk (SRR) for each meta-analysis was recalculated by using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of included meta-analyses and the quality of the evidence were assessed by the AMSTAR and NutriGrade tools, respectively. A total of 34 meta-analyses of prospective observational studies, reporting SRRs for 40 different outcomes obtained from 298 primary prospective cohort studies, were included. Moderate-quality evidence suggested that each 100-g/d increment in fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (SRR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97), cardiovascular mortality (SRR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.87), coronary heart disease (SRR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.99), myocardial infarction (SRR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.93), stroke (SRR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.99), heart failure (SRR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.95), depression (SRR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98), and liver cancer (SRR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.87). For cancers of most sites, there was no significant association and the quality of the evidence was rated low and very low. In conclusion, evidence of moderate quality suggests that fish consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, depression, and mortality and, therefore, can be considered as a healthy animal-based dietary source of protein. Further research is needed for outcomes for which the quality of the evidence was rated low and very low, considering types of fish consumed, different methods of cooking fish, and all potential confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address correspondence to SS-B (e-mail: )
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33
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The effects and side effects of laquinimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:611-622. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Bao M, Zhang K, Wei Y, Hua W, Gao Y, Li X, Ye L. Therapeutic potentials and modulatory mechanisms of fatty acids in bone. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12735. [PMID: 31797479 PMCID: PMC7046483 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that includes bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the predominant cell types associated with bone metabolism, which is facilitated by other cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), osteocytes and chondrocytes. As an important component in our daily diet, fatty acids are mainly categorized as long-chain fatty acids including polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs), saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), medium-/short-chain fatty acids (MCFAs/SCFAs) as well as their metabolites. Fatty acids are closely associated with bone metabolism and associated bone disorders. In this review, we summarized the important roles and potential therapeutic implications of fatty acids in multiple bone disorders, reviewed the diverse range of critical effects displayed by fatty acids on bone metabolism, and elucidated their modulatory roles and mechanisms on specific bone cell types. The evidence supporting close implications of fatty acids in bone metabolism and disorders suggests fatty acids as potential therapeutic and nutritional agents for the treatment and prevention of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yangyini Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weihan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Cariology and EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Sadeghi A, Sadeghi O, Khodadost M, Pirouzi A, Hosseini B, Saedisomeolia A. Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:5-14. [PMID: 31184513 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1621356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis in 2015 revealed no significant association between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and prostate cancer. Moreover, until now, no study has examined the dose-response association of GI, GL, and prostate cancer yet. The online databases were searched by two independent researchers for relevant publications up to Jan. 2019, using relevant keywords. Nine studies including five prospective and four case-control studies were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. These studies have included 290,911 individuals. We found a significant positive dose-response association between dietary GI and prostate cancer (Pnonlinearity = 0.03). Comparing individuals in the highest category of GI with those in the lowest category, no significant association was found between GI and prostate cancer (combined effect size: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.97-1.19, P = 0.17). Furthermore, no significant association was seen between dietary GL and prostate cancer in both dose-response analysis and when comparing the highest versus lowest categories of GL (combined effect size: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91-1.16, P = 0.65). In conclusion, we found a significant positive dose-response association between dietary GI and prostate cancer. However, significant association was not seen for dietary GL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sadeghi
- Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Khodadost
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Banafsheh Hosseini
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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36
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Panahande B, Sadeghi A, Parohan M. Alternative healthy eating index and risk of hip fracture: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 32:98-107. [PMID: 30357949 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as an alternative healthy eating index (AHEI), has been suggested to have protective effects on bone mineral density and to decrease the incidence of fractures, although the evidence for this is not clear. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of available observational studies aiming to assess the association between adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, as assessed by the AHEI score, and risk of hip fracture in the general population. METHODS Studies published up to March 2018 were identified on the basis of a literature search in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases using Mesh and non-Mesh relevant keywords. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), the linear and nonlinear relationships were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of five effect sizes, as obtained from four studies (265 771 participants with 6938 cases of incident hip fracture), we found that a higher AHEI score was associated with a 31% reduced risk of hip fracture (pooled RR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.52-0.91) in high versus low intake meta-analysis. In addition, there were inverse relationships between AHEI score and risk of hip fracture, such that a five-unit increase in the score of AHEI was associated with a reduction in the risk of hip fracture in linear (pooled RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.95-0.99) and nonlinear (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the AHEI (as an indicator of diet quality) was associated with a reduced risk of hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Panahande
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - A Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - M Parohan
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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