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Zhu X, Ding G, Ren S, Xi J, Liu K. The bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, and regulation of glucolipid metabolism disorders by quercetin and its important glycosides: A review. Food Chem 2024; 458:140262. [PMID: 38944925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin and its glycosides (QG), vitally natural flavonoid, have been popular for health benefits. However, the absorption and metabolism affect their bioavailability, and the metabolic transformation alters their biological activities. This review systematically summarizes the bioavailability and pathways for the absorption and metabolism of quercetin/QG in vivo and in vitro, the biological activities and mechanism of quercetin/QG and their metabolites in treating glucolipid metabolism are discussed. After oral administration, quercetin/QG are mainly absorbed by the intestine, undergo phase II metabolism in the small intestine and liver to form conjugates and are metabolized into small phenolic acids by intestinal microbiota. Quercetin/QG and their metabolites exert beneficial effects on regulating glucolipid metabolism disorders, including improving insulin resistance, inhibiting lipogenesis, enhancing thermogenesis, modulating intestinal microbiota, relieving oxidative stress, and attenuating inflammation. This review enhances understanding of the mechanism of quercetin/QG regulate glucolipid metabolism and provides scientific support for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Zhu
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Guiyuan Ding
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shuncheng Ren
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jun Xi
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- Food Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Pigment Preparation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Kowald A, Palmer D, Secci R, Fuellen G. Healthy Aging in Times of Extreme Temperatures: Biomedical Approaches. Aging Dis 2024; 15:601-611. [PMID: 37450930 PMCID: PMC10917539 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate extremes and rising energy prices present interconnected global health risks. Technical solutions can be supplemented with biomedical approaches to promote healthy longevity in hot and cold conditions. In summer, reducing basal metabolic rate through mild caloric restriction or CR mimetics, such as resveratrol, can potentially be used to lower body temperature. In winter, activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for non-shivering thermogenesis and improved metabolic health can help adaptation to colder environments. Catechins found in green tea and in other food could be alternatives to drugs for these purposes. This review examines and discusses the biomedical evidence supporting the use of CR mimetics and BAT activators for health benefits amid increasingly extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kowald
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Secci
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
- Interdisziplinäre Fakultät, Department AGIS (Altern des Individuums und der Gesellschaft), Universität Rostock, Germany.
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Procaccini C, de Candia P, Russo C, De Rosa G, Lepore MT, Colamatteo A, Matarese G. Caloric restriction for the immunometabolic control of human health. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2787-2800. [PMID: 36848376 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition affects all physiological processes occurring in our body, including those related to the function of the immune system; indeed, metabolism has been closely associated with the differentiation and activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. While excessive energy intake and adiposity have been demonstrated to cause systemic inflammation, several clinical and experimental evidence show that calorie restriction (CR), not leading to malnutrition, is able to delay aging and exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in different pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the ability of different CR-related nutritional strategies to control autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, as tested by preclinical studies and human clinical trials, with a specific focus on the immunological aspects of these interventions. In particular, we recapitulate the state of the art on the cellular and molecular mechanisms pertaining to immune cell metabolic rewiring, regulatory T cell expansion, and gut microbiota composition, which possibly underline the beneficial effects of CR. Although studies are still needed to fully evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the nutritional intervention in clinical practice, the experimental observations discussed here suggest a relevant role of CR in lowering the inflammatory state in a plethora of different pathologies, thus representing a promising therapeutic strategy for the control of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy De Rosa
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Ferrantelli V, Vasto S, Alongi A, Sabatino L, Baldassano D, Caldarella R, Gagliano R, Di Rosa L, Consentino BB, Vultaggio L, Baldassano S. Boosting plant food polyphenol concentration by saline eustress as supplement strategies for the prevention of metabolic syndrome: an example of randomized interventional trial in the adult population. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1288064. [PMID: 38196756 PMCID: PMC10774224 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1288064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phenolic compounds in lettuce can increase by the application of positive stress (eustress) such as moderate saline stress. Phenolic compounds possess antioxidant capacity that is a key factor in the detoxification of excess reactive oxygen species. A double-blinded randomized interventional and placebo- controlled study design was carried out to compare the effect of daily dietary eustress lettuce ingestion in hepatic, lipid, bone, glucose, and iron metabolism. Methods Forty-two healthy volunteers, 19 female and 23 male participants, were divided into two groups. Participants were randomized into a polyphenol-enriched treatment (PET) arm or control arm. Each arm consumed 100 g/day of control or eustress (polyphenols enriched treatment = PET) lettuce for 12 days. Primary study outcomes were serological analysis for assessing hepatic, lipid, bone, iron, and glucose markers at baseline and after 12 days. Secondary outcomes assessed body composition. Results Salinity stress reduced plant yield but increased caffeic acid (+467%), chlorogenic acid (+320%), quercetin (+538%), and rutin (+1,095%) concentrations. The intake of PET lettuce reduced PTH, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) enzyme levels and increased vitamin D and phosphate levels, while iron and glucose metabolism were unaffected. Discussion Supplementation with eustress lettuce by increasing polyphenols concentration ameliorates hepatic, lipid, and bone homeostasis. Body composition was not affected. Clinical trial registration https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06002672, identifier: NCT06002672.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Euro-Mediterranean Institutes of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelina Alongi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leo Sabatino
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Baldassano
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “P. Giaccone” University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gagliano
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Rosa
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Lorena Vultaggio
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Soliman MO, El-Kamel AH, Shehat MG, Bakr BA, El-Moslemany RM. Lactoferrin decorated bilosomes for the oral delivery of quercetin in type 2 diabetes: In vitro and in vivo appraisal. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123551. [PMID: 37884217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite its tremendous potential for type 2 diabetes management, quercetin (QRC) suffers poor gastric stability, poor bioavailability, and extensive first pass metabolism. Drug encapsulation into bilosomes (BSL) has proven enhanced properties in-vitro and in-vivo. Herein, this work endeavoured to evaluate efficacy of QRC-encapsulated bilosomes capped with lactoferrin (LF); a milk protein with antidiabetic potential, for type 2 diabetes oral treatment. The optimized formulation (LF-QRC-BSL) was evaluated in-vitro on α-amylase enzyme inhibition and insulin resistant HepG2 cell model and in vivo on streptozocin/high fat diet induced diabetes in rats. LF-QRC-BSL showed a small size (68.1 nm), a narrow PDI (0.18) and a -25.5 mV zeta potential. A high entrapment efficiency (94 %) with sustained release were also observed. LF-QRC-BSL displayed 100 % permeation through excised diabetic rat intestines after 6 h, 70.2 % inhibition of α-amylase enzyme in-vitro and an augmented recovery of glucose uptake in insulin resistant cells. In diabetic rats, LF-QRC-BSL resulted in significant decrease in blood glucose level, improved lipid profile and tissue injury markers with reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Further, histopathological examination of the kidneys, liver and pancreas revealed an almost restored normal condition comparable to the negative control. Overall, LF-QRC-BSL have proven to be a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai O Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal H El-Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Michael G Shehat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Basant A Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riham M El-Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mirza MA, Mahmood S, Hilles AR, Ali A, Khan MZ, Zaidi SAA, Iqbal Z, Ge Y. Quercetin as a Therapeutic Product: Evaluation of Its Pharmacological Action and Clinical Applications-A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1631. [PMID: 38004496 PMCID: PMC10674654 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is the major polyphenolic flavonoid that belongs to the class called flavanols. It is found in many foods, such as green tea, cranberry, apple, onions, asparagus, radish leaves, buckwheat, blueberry, broccoli, and coriander. It occurs in many different forms, but the most abundant quercetin derivatives are glycosides and ethers, namely, Quercetin 3-O-glycoside, Quercetin 3-sulfate, Quercetin 3-glucuronide, and Quercetin 3'-metylether. Quercetin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. It is found to be beneficial against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neuro-degenerative diseases, allergy asthma, peptic ulcers, osteoporosis, arthritis, and eye disorders. In pre-clinical and clinical investigations, its impacts on various signaling pathways and molecular targets have demonstrated favorable benefits for the activities mentioned above, and some global clinical trials have been conducted to validate its therapeutic profile. It is also utilized as a nutraceutical due to its pharmacological properties. Although quercetin has several pharmacological benefits, its clinical use is restricted due to its poor water solubility, substantial first-pass metabolism, and consequent low bioavailability. To circumvent this limited bioavailability, a quercetin-based nanoformulation has been considered in recent times as it manifests increased quercetin uptake by the epithelial system and enhances the delivery of quercetin to the target site. This review mainly focuses on pharmacological action, clinical trials, patents, marketed products, and approaches to improving the bioavailability of quercetin with the use of a nanoformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (M.A.M.); (S.A.A.Z.)
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- INHART, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Zaafar Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (M.A.M.); (S.A.A.Z.)
| | - Syed Amir Azam Zaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (M.A.M.); (S.A.A.Z.)
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (M.A.M.); (S.A.A.Z.)
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Arabi SM, Shahraki Jazinaki M, Chambari M, Bahrami LS, Maleki M, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. The effects of Quercetin supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5080-5091. [PMID: 37654199 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin is a bioactive flavonoid, but the effect of it on cardiometabolic factors has remained uncertain and previous findings from meta-analyses have been controversial. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the effects of Quercetin on cardiometabolic factors based on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science databases were searched to identify eligible publications. As part of the umbrella review, we summarized pooled estimates, 95% CIs, heterogeneity, and publication bias. A GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence. RESULTS Five meta-analyses including 18 eligible RCTs plus 5 RCTs that were not included in previous meta-analyses were found. The results indicated Quercetin does not affect diastolic blood pressure (DBP), lipid profile, inflammation, anthropometric indices, fasting plasma glucose (FBG), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). However, Quercetin supplementation could significantly reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) (weighted mean difference (WMD): -1.9, 95% CI = -3.2 to -0.6, I2 = 88.3%) and insulin level (WMD: -1.07, 95% CI = -1.9 to -0.1, I2 = 75.0%). The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. CONCLUSION Quercetin supplementation has reducing effects on SBP and insulin levels but not other cardiometabolic parameters. More high-quality trials with longer follow-up durations may be required to obtain a more robust conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahla Chambari
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maleki
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Dehghani F, Vafa M, Ebrahimkhani A, Găman MA, Sezavar Seyedi Jandaghi SH. Effects of quercetin supplementation on endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and depression in post-myocardial infarction patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:73-80. [PMID: 37344086 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction and depression are highly prevalent in patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI). Epidemiological studies have pointed out that a diet rich in flavonoids, e.g., quercetin, can prevent the development of these biological phenomena. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation on the levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and on depression in post-MI subjects. METHODS Eighty-eight post-MI patients who had experienced their first MI (body mass index ≤35 kg/m2, age 30-65 years) were recruited from the Rasool-e-Akram and Afshar Hospitals, Iran, and included in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel study. The participants were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of 500 mg quercetin (n = 44) or placebo (n = 44) for 8 weeks. Serum concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were quantified by ELISA and depression levels were assessed using the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaire at baseline and at 8-week follow-up. RESULTS Seventy-six participants completed the study, but the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was conducted for all 88 participants who were randomized into the intervention groups. No significant changes in serum concentrations of ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 (P = 0.21 and P = 0.80, respectively) were observed after 8 weeks of quercetin supplementation versus placebo. In addition, depression levels did not differ significantly between the quercetin and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that in post-MI patients, daily supplementation with quercetin (500 mg/day) for 8 weeks did not affect endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and depression levels. This trial was registered at IRCT.ir as IRCT20190428043405N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Dehghani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Seyed Hashem Sezavar Seyedi Jandaghi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bellavite P, Fazio S, Affuso F. A Descriptive Review of the Action Mechanisms of Berberine, Quercetin and Silymarin on Insulin Resistance/Hyperinsulinemia and Cardiovascular Prevention. Molecules 2023; 28:4491. [PMID: 37298967 PMCID: PMC10254920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and the associated hyperinsulinemia are early pathophysiological changes which, if not well treated, can lead to type 2 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. While diabetes care is fairly well standardized, the prevention and treatment of IR lacks a single pharmaceutical approach and many lifestyle and dietary interventions have been proposed, including a wide range of food supplements. Among the most interesting and well-known natural remedies, alkaloid berberine and the flavonol quercetin have particular relevance in the literature, while silymarin-the active principle of the Silybum marianum thistle-was traditionally used for lipid metabolism disorders and to sustain liver function. This review describes the major defects of insulin signaling leading to IR and the main properties of the three mentioned natural substances, their molecular targets and synergistic action mechanisms. The actions of berberine, quercetin and silymarin are partially superimposable as remedies against reactive oxygen intermediates generated by a high-lipid diet and by NADPH oxidase, which is triggered by phagocyte activation. Furthermore, these compounds inhibit the secretion of a battery of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulate intestinal microbiota and are especially able to control the various disorders of the insulin receptor and post-receptor signaling systems. Although most of the evidence on the effects of berberine, quercetin and silymarin in modulating insulin resistance and preventing cardiovascular disease derive from experimental studies on animals, the amount of pre-clinical knowledge strongly suggests the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of these substances in human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Pathophysiology Chair, Homeopathic Medical School of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Serafino Fazio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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Li J, Zhang X, Guo D, Shi Y, Zhang S, Yang R, Cheng J. The mechanism of action of paeoniae radix rubra–angelicae sinensis radix drug pair in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1113810. [PMID: 36992829 PMCID: PMC10040578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Paeoniae radix rubra–Angelicae sinensis radix (P-A) drug pair in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: Mass spectrometry was employed to accurately characterize the main components of the P-A drug pair. Network pharmacology was used to analyze the main components and pathways of the P-A drug pair in the treatment of RA, and Discovery Studio software was used to molecularly dock the key proteins on the pathway with their corresponding compounds. The levels of serum TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The histopathology of the ankle joint was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the positive expression of p-PI3K, p-IKK, p-NF-κB, and p-AKT in the synovial tissue of the ankle joint was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Finally, the expression of PI3K, IKK, and AKT and their phosphorylation levels were determined by western blot in each group of rats.Results: Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking analysis revealed that the pharmacodynamic mechanism of the P-A drug pair for the treatment of RA may be related to the contents of caffeic acid, quercetin, paeoniflorin, and baicalein in the regulation of the expression of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and the targets of PIK3CA, PIK3R1, AKT1, HSP90AA1 and IKBKB in the pathway. Compared with the model group, the P-A drug pair significantly improved the pathological changes of the synovial tissue and reduced feet swelling in RA model rats. Moreover, it regulated the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum (p < 0.05). The results of the immunohistochemical analysis and western blot showed that the expression of PI3K, IKK, NF-κB, and AKT decreased after phosphorylation in the synovial tissue (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The P-A drug pair exhibited an inhibitory effect on the hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in the synovial membrane of RA rats. The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of the phosphorylation levels PI3K, IKK, NF-κB, and AKT, which in turn decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial membrane proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ruiying Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiangxue Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangxue Cheng,
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11
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The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030663. [PMID: 36978911 PMCID: PMC10045397 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They have received considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in biomedicine and have been widely used in traditional complimentary medicine for generations. Such complimentary medical herbal formulations are extremely complex mixtures of many pharmacologically active compounds that provide a therapeutic outcome through a network pharmacological effects of considerable complexity. Methods are emerging to determine the active components used in complimentary medicine and their therapeutic targets and to decipher the complexities of how network pharmacology provides such therapeutic effects. The gut microbiome has important roles to play in the generation of bioactive flavonoid metabolites retaining or exceeding the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the intact flavonoid and, in some cases, new antitumor and antineurodegenerative bioactivities. Certain food items have been identified with high prebiotic profiles suggesting that neutraceutical supplementation may be beneficially employed to preserve a healthy population of bacterial symbiont species and minimize the establishment of harmful pathogenic organisms. Gut health is an important consideration effecting the overall health and wellbeing of linked organ systems. Bioconversion of dietary flavonoid components in the gut generates therapeutic metabolites that can also be transported by the vagus nerve and systemic circulation to brain cell populations to exert a beneficial effect. This is particularly important in a number of neurological disorders (autism, bipolar disorder, AD, PD) characterized by effects on moods, resulting in depression and anxiety, impaired motor function, and long-term cognitive decline. Native flavonoids have many beneficial properties in the alleviation of inflammation in tissues, however, concerns have been raised that therapeutic levels of flavonoids may not be achieved, thus allowing them to display optimal therapeutic effects. Dietary manipulation and vagal stimulation have both yielded beneficial responses in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders, depression, and anxiety, establishing the vagal nerve as a route of communication in the gut-brain axis with established roles in disease intervention. While a number of native flavonoids are beneficial in the treatment of neurological disorders and are known to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, microbiome-generated flavonoid metabolites (e.g., protocatechuic acid, urolithins, γ-valerolactones), which retain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency of the native flavonoid in addition to bioactive properties that promote mitochondrial health and cerebrovascular microcapillary function, should also be considered as potential biotherapeutic agents. Studies are warranted to experimentally examine the efficacy of flavonoid metabolites directly, as they emerge as novel therapeutic options.
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12
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Tomou EM, Papakyriakopoulou P, Skaltsa H, Valsami G, Kadoglou NPE. Bio-Actives from Natural Products with Potential Cardioprotective Properties: Isolation, Identification, and Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Quercetin, and Silibinin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052387. [PMID: 36903630 PMCID: PMC10005323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions modifying risk factors for CVDs are a top priority of scientific research. Non-pharmaceutical therapeutical approaches, including herbal supplements, have gained growing interest from researchers as part of the therapeutic strategies for primary or secondary prevention of CVDs. Several experimental studies have supported the potential effects of apigenin, quercetin, and silibinin as beneficial supplements in cohorts at risk of CVDs. Accordingly, this comprehensive review focused critically on the cardioprotective effects/mechanisms of the abovementioned three bio-active compounds from natural products. For this purpose, we have included in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies associated with atherosclerosis and a wide variety of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, cardiac injury, and metabolic syndrome). In addition, we attempted to summarize and categorize the laboratory methods for their isolation and identification from plant extracts. This review unveiled many uncertainties which are still unexplored, such as the extrapolation of experimental results to clinical practice, mainly due to the small clinical studies, heterogeneous doses, divergent constituents, and the absence of pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
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13
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Dadkhah Tehrani S, Shojaei M, Bagherniya M, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. The effects of phytochemicals on serum triglycerides in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1640-1662. [PMID: 36756995 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of phytochemicals on lipid parameters in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception up to October 2021 to recognize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of phytochemicals on lipid profiles in patients with HTG. Forty-eight RCTs including 53 arms and comprising 3,478 HTG patients met the eligibility criteria. Phytochemicals significantly reduced the serum levels of triglycerides in 32 out 53 arms, total cholesterol in 22 out of 51, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 21 out of 48, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 1 out of 5, apolipoprotein B in 2 out of 4, and lipoprotein(a) levels in 2 out of 4 arms. Furthermore, phytochemicals supplementation increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 15 out of 48 arms. In brief, phytochemicals supplementation might have beneficial effects on HTG. In most of the studies, phytochemicals had a favorable effect on at least one of the lipid parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Shojaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, fahan, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Hwang J, Park S. Gender-Specific Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sarcopenic Obesity in the Korean Elderly Population: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1140. [PMID: 36673895 PMCID: PMC9858646 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by the combination of sarcopenia and obesity. This study evaluates the gender-specific prevalence of SO and examines the identified gender-specific risk factors in a community-dwelling elderly population aged 75-84 years. A total of 813 subjects participated in the study via the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The SO prevalence in males and females was 15.46% (95%CI: 11.36-20.70) and 13.59% (95%CI: 10.59-17.28), respectively. The clinical sex-specific risk factors for males were low height, high weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle index, fasting glucose, and triglycerides. The clinical risk factors for females were low height, high weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle index, smoking status, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. These results are essential to assist healthcare professionals and primary care clinicians with early detection, diagnosis, and intervention for potential SO patients by acknowledging the sex-based prevalence and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseok Hwang
- Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjee Park
- Department of Clothing and Fashion, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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15
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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16
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An P, Wan S, Luo Y, Luo J, Zhang X, Zhou S, Xu T, He J, Mechanick JI, Wu WC, Ren F, Liu S. Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:2269-2285. [PMID: 36480969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy dietary patterns are rich in micronutrients, but their influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks has not been systematically quantified. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive and most up-to-date evidence-based map that systematically quantifies the impact of micronutrients on CVD outcomes. METHODS This study comprised a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled intervention trials of micronutrients on CVD risk factors and clinical events. RESULTS A total of 884 randomized controlled intervention trials evaluating 27 types of micronutrients among 883,627 participants (4,895,544 person-years) were identified. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acid, n-6 fatty acid, l-arginine, l-citrulline, folic acid, vitamin D, magnesium, zinc, α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, melatonin, catechin, curcumin, flavanol, genistein, and quercetin showed moderate- to high-quality evidence for reducing CVD risk factors. Specifically, n-3 fatty acid supplementation decreased CVD mortality (relative risk [RR]: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88-0.97), myocardial infarction (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78-0.92), and coronary heart disease events (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.80-0.93). Folic acid supplementation decreased stroke risk (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72-0.97), and coenzyme Q10 supplementation decreased all-cause mortality events (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49-0.94). Vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and selenium showed no effect on CVD or type 2 diabetes risk. β-carotene supplementation increased all-cause mortality (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.15), CVD mortality events (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.18), and stroke risk (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of some but not all micronutrients may benefit cardiometabolic health. This study highlights the importance of micronutrient diversity and the balance of benefits and risks to promote and maintain cardiovascular health in diverse populations. (Antioxidant Supplementation in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases; CRD42022315165).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jeffrey I Mechanick
- Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Surgery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Surgery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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17
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Hu Y, Li R, Jin J, Wang Y, Ma R. Quercetin improves pancreatic cancer chemo-sensitivity by regulating oxidative-inflammatory networks. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14453. [PMID: 36181395 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the main method for controlling pancreatic cancer metastasis but the prevalent chemotherapy resistance limits its utilization. The response of oxidation and inflammation often promotes pancreatic cancer progression and chemo-resistance. It is critical to explore the potential natural products with few side effects to control inflammatory responses and understand the related mechanisms. Quercetin is a flavonoid widely found in numerous vegetables, fruits, and foods and is thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be associated with improvement of chemotherapy sensitivity during pancreatic cancer treatment. Quercetin may sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agents, including bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitors (BETI), daunorubicin, gemcitabine, sulforaphane, doxorubicin, and tumor necrosis factor-related signaling apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Meanwhile, during the chemo-resistance therapy, many signaling molecules are involved with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated oxidative and inflammatory pathway. The effects of quercetin on other oxidative and inflammatory pathways were also explored. Quercetin may exert antitumor activity during the prevention of pancreatic cancer progression by regulating oxidative and inflammatory networks, which can promote immune escape of cancer cells by inducing immunosuppressive cytokines. Studying these patterns will help us to better understand the functional role of quercetin in the improvement of pancreatic cancer chemo-sensitivity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chemotherapy is the major way for treating pancreatic cancer metastasis but the prevalent chemotherapy resistance caused by oxidative and inflammatory responses limits its utilization. It is necessary to explore the potential natural products with few side effects to prevent the oxidative and inflammatory responses. Quercetin is a flavonoid widely found in numerous vegetables, fruits, and foods and is thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be associated with improvement of chemotherapy sensitivity of pancreatic cancer treatment by sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic agents via the regulation of oxidative and inflammatory networks. Studying these patterns will help us to better understand the functional role of quercetin in the improvement of pancreatic cancer chemo-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junyi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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da Costa PCT, de Souza EL, Lacerda DC, Cruz Neto JPR, de Sales LCS, Silva Luis CC, Pontes PB, Cavalcanti Neto MP, de Brito Alves JL. Evidence for Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement for the Treatment of Cardio-Metabolic Diseases in Pregnancy: A Review in Rodent Models. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182772. [PMID: 36140900 PMCID: PMC9497971 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin supplementation during pregnancy and lactation has been linked to a lower risk of maternal cardio-metabolic disorders such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), dyslipidemia, preeclampsia, attenuation of malnutrition-related conditions, and gestational obesity in animal studies. Pre-clinical studies have shown that maternal supplementation with quercetin reduces cardio-metabolic diseases in dams and rodents’ offspring, emphasizing its role in modifying phenotypic plasticity. In this sense, it could be inferred that quercetin administration during pregnancy and lactation is a viable strategy for changing cardio-metabolic parameters throughout life. Epigenetic mechanisms affecting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K) pathways could be associated with these changes. To highlight these discoveries, this review outlines the understanding from animal studies investigations about quercetin supplementation and its capacity to prevent or decrease maternal and offspring cardio-metabolic illnesses and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Trindade da Costa
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Cabral Lacerda
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiane Cosmo Silva Luis
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Brielle Pontes
- Postgraduation Program in Neuropsychiatry and Health Sciences Behavior, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marinaldo Pacífico Cavalcanti Neto
- Integrated Laboratory of Morphofunctional Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 21941-901, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +55-81-998-455-485
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19
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Ahmadi A, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Polyphenols and atherosclerosis: A critical review of clinical effects on LDL oxidation. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106414. [PMID: 36028188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major etiology of cardiovascular disease that causes considerable mortality. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a fundamental attributor to atherosclerosis. Therefore, there seems to be an essential place for antioxidant therapy besides the current treatment protocols for coronary heart disease. Polyphenols are a class of compounds with substantial antioxidant properties that have shown the ability to reduce LDL oxidation in preclinical studies. However, clinical evidence has not been as conclusive although offering many promising signs. This review aims to examine the trials that have evaluated how dietary intake of polyphenols in different forms might influence the oxidation of LDL. Lowering the circulating cholesterol, incorporation into LDL particles, and enhancing systemic antioxidant activity are among the main mechanisms of action for polyphenols for lowering oxLDL. On the other hand, the population under study significantly affects the impact on oxLDL, as the type of the supplement and phenolic content. To conclude, although the polyphenols might decrease inflammation and enhance endothelial function via lowering oxLDL, there are still many gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled with further high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Asutralia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948567, Iran.
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20
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Potential Pharmaceutical Applications of Quercetin in Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081019. [PMID: 36015169 PMCID: PMC9412669 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, as a member of flavonoids, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in recent decades. In this comprehensive literature review, our goal was a critical appraisal of the pathophysiological mechanisms of quercetin in relation to the classical cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hyperlipidemia), atherosclerosis, etc. We also assessed experimental and clinical data about its potential application in CVDs. Experimental studies including both in vitro methods and in vivo animal models mainly outline the following effects of quercetin: (1) antihypertensive, (2) hypolipidemic, (3) hypoglycemic, (4) anti-atherosclerotic, and (5) cardioprotective (suppressed cardiotoxicity). From the clinical point of view, there are human studies and meta-analyses implicating its beneficial effects on glycemic and lipid parameters. In contrast, other human studies failed to demonstrate consistent favorable effects of quercetin on other cardiometabolic risk factors such as MS, obesity, and hypertension, underlying the need for further investigation. Analyzing the reason of this inconsistency, we identified significant drawbacks in the clinical trials’ design, while the absence of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic tests prior to the studies attenuated the power of clinical results. Therefore, additional well-designed preclinical and clinical studies are required to examine the therapeutic mechanisms and clinical efficacy of quercetin in CVDs.
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21
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The Impact of Flavonols on Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091973. [PMID: 35565940 PMCID: PMC9101293 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of deaths globally. The main target for prevention of cardiovascular (CV) risk are lifestyle changes, including particular dietary recommendations, involving high intake of fruits and vegetables. Flavonols are a subgroup of flavonoids—compounds present in fruits, vegetables, and tea—known for their antioxidative properties. There are many findings about the beneficial impact of flavonols on general CV risk and its factors, but mainly from in vitro and animal model studies. This paper summarizes data from human studies about flavonols’ impact on general CV risk and its factors. A high dietary intake of flavonols could decrease CVD mortality directly or through impact on selected CV factors; however, available data are inconsistent. Nonetheless, specific groups of patients (smoking men, hypertensive and diabetic patients) can potentially benefit from selected dietary modifications or flavonols (quercetin) supplementation. Future investigations about kaempferol and myricetin are needed.
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22
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Yan L, Vaghari-Tabari M, Malakoti F, Moein S, Qujeq D, Yousefi B, Asemi Z. Quercetin: an effective polyphenol in alleviating diabetes and diabetic complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9163-9186. [PMID: 35468007 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various studies, especially in recent years, have shown that quercetin has beneficial therapeutic effects in various human diseases, including diabetes. Quercetin has significant anti-diabetic effects and may be helpful in lowering blood sugar and increasing insulin sensitivity. Quercetin appears to affect many factors and signaling pathways involved in insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 of diabetes. TNFα, NFKB, AMPK, AKT, and NRF2 are among the factors that are affected by quercetin. In addition, quercetin can be effective in preventing and ameliorating the diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, and retinopathy, and affects the key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these complications. These positive effects of quercetin may be related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this article, after a brief review of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, we will review the latest findings on the anti-diabetic effects of quercetin with a molecular perspective. Then we will review the effects of quercetin on the key mechanisms of pathogenesis of diabetes complications including nephropathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, and retinopathy. Finally, clinical trials investigating the effect of quercetin on diabetes and diabetes complications will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Clinical Experimental Centre, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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23
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Izak-Shirian F, Najafi-Asl M, Azami B, Heidarian E, Najafi M, Khaledi M, Nouri A. Quercetin exerts an ameliorative effect in the rat model of diclofenac-induced renal injury through mitigation of inflammatory response and modulation of oxidative stress. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221086530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac (DIC) is administrated to treat pain, inflammatory disorders, and dysmenorrhea but kidney problems are the main worries of the agent. The literature has revealed that quercetin (QR) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant attributes. This study aims to highlight the possible nephroprotective effects of QR on DIC-exposed rats. In this study, the animals after exposure to DIC (50 mg/kg, i.p) were administrated to QR (100 mg/kg, p.o). Then, the levels, as well as the activity of several oxidant and anti-oxidant mediators, were evaluated. Our results showed that DIC treatment was coupled with the elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and some pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, NF-κB, and IL-1β, suggesting that probably this agent exert its toxicity in the kidney tissue through inducing both oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, QR was successful in restoring the activity of antioxidant compounds such as GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT in the kidney tissue of DIC-treated rats. Moreover, in the presence of QR, DIC was unable to increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that perhaps QR might have anti-inflammatory properties. In agreement with this, the results of the histopathological evaluation also showed that while DIC increased the lymphocyte infiltration into the kidney tissue, QR reduced the number of lymphocytes in DIC-treated rats. The results revealed that QR exerted a supportive effect against diclofenac-induced renal injury in male rats through modulation of oxidative stress and mitigation of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Izak-Shirian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Najafi-Asl
- Department of Phathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Behzad Azami
- School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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24
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Lin H, Guo X, Liu J, Liu P, Mei G, Li H, Li D, Chen H, Chen L, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Yu Y, Liu W, Yao P. Improving Lipophagy by Restoring Rab7 Cycle: Protective Effects of Quercetin on Ethanol-Induced Liver Steatosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030658. [PMID: 35277017 PMCID: PMC8915175 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption retards lipophagy, which contributes to the pathogenesis of liver steatosis. Lipophagy-related Rab7 has been presumed as a crucial regulator in the progression of alcohol liver disease despite elusive mechanisms. More importantly, whether or not hepatoprotective quercetin targets Rab7-associated lipophagy disorder is unknown. Herein, alcoholic fatty liver induced by chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding to male C57BL/6J mice was manifested by hampering autophagosomes formation with lipid droplets and fusion with lysosomes compared with the normal control, which was normalized partially by quercetin. The GST-RILP pulldown assay of Rab7 indicated an improved GTP-Rab7 as the quercetin treatment for ethanol-feeding mice. HepG2 cells transfected with CYP2E1 showed similar lipophagy dysfunction when exposed to ethanol, which was blocked when cells were transfected with siRNA-Rab7 in advance. Ethanol-induced steatosis and autophagic flux disruption were aggravated by the Rab7-specific inhibitor CID1067700 while alleviated by transfecting with the Rab7Wt plasmid, which was visualized by immunofluorescence co-localization analysis and mCherry-GFP-LC3 transfection. Furthermore, TBC1D5, a Rab GTPase-activating protein for the subsequent normal circulation of Rab7, was downregulated after alcohol administration but regained by quercetin. Rab7 circulation retarded by ethanol and corrected by quercetin was further revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Altogether, quercetin attenuates hepatic steatosis by normalizing ethanol-imposed Rab7 turnover disorders and subsequent lipophagy disturbances, highlighting a novel mechanism and the promising prospect of quercetin-like phytochemicals against the crucial first hit from alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Guibin Mei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of inspection and certification, China Certification and Inspection Group Hubei Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang 236015, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-13855882102 (W.L.); +86-18986282296 (P.Y.)
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
- Ministry of Education Lab. of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-13855882102 (W.L.); +86-18986282296 (P.Y.)
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25
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Perry CA, Gadde KM. The Role of Calorie Restriction in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:235-242. [PMID: 35107761 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-00999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Calorie restriction (CR) has emerged as a non-pharmacological treatment to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). This article reviews recent progress regarding the role of CR in CVD prevention via reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors and promoting atherosclerotic stability. RECENT FINDINGS Calorie restriction may be an approach to reduce the development of atherosclerosis. CR promotes eNOS activity and SIRT1 expression which in turn improves vasodilation resulting in greater regulation of blood pressure and blood flow. Modest CR in nonobese young and middle-aged adults results in improved cardiometabolic risk profile. The evidence for CR in CVD prevention has accumulated in the recent years. Most evidence, however, is from rodent or small human trials. Our understanding of the magnitude of calorie reduction that leads to the long-term therapeutic effects on cardiovascular health is limited. More well-designed controlled trials conducted in diverse populations with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydne A Perry
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th St. , Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Kishore M Gadde
- Pennington Biomedical Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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26
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A comprehensive review on phytochemicals for fatty liver: are they potential adjuvants? J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:411-425. [PMID: 34993581 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and, as such, is associated with obesity. With the current and growing epidemic of obesity, NAFLD is already considered the most common liver disease in the world. Currently, there is no official treatment for the disease besides weight loss. Although there are a few synthetic drugs currently being studied, there is also an abundance of herbal products that could also be used for treatment. With the World Health Organization (WHO) traditional medicine strategy (2014-2023) in mind, this review aims to analyze the mechanisms of action of some of these herbal products, as well as evaluate toxicity and herb-drug interactions available in literature.
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27
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Ageing, Age-Related Cardiovascular Risk and the Beneficial Role of Natural Components Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010183. [PMID: 35008609 PMCID: PMC8745076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing, in a natural way, leads to the gradual worsening of the functional capacity of all systems and, eventually, to death. This process is strongly associated with higher metabolic and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, accumulation of DNA mutations and increased levels of related damage. Detrimental changes that accumulate in body cells and tissues with time raise the vulnerability to environmental challenges and enhance the risk of major chronic diseases and mortality. There are several theses concerning the mechanisms of ageing: genetic, free radical telomerase, mitochondrial decline, metabolic damage, cellular senescence, neuroendocrine theory, Hay-flick limit and membrane theories, cellular death as well as the accumulation of toxic and non-toxic garbage. Moreover, ageing is associated with structural changes within the myocardium, cardiac conduction system, the endocardium as well as the vasculature. With time, the cardiac structures lose elasticity, and fibrotic changes occur in the heart valves. Ageing is also associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. The results of studies suggest that some natural compounds may slow down this process and protect against age-related diseases. Animal studies imply that some of them may prolong the lifespan; however, this trend is not so obvious in humans.
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28
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Dagher O, Mury P, Noly PE, Fortier A, Lettre G, Thorin E, Carrier M. Design of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Anti-inflammatory and Senolytic Effects of Quercetin in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:741542. [PMID: 34746258 PMCID: PMC8564044 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.741542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Following an acute coronary syndrome, patients display an elevated inflammatory profile, promoted in part by cellular senescence. For patients requiring a coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery, exposure to the surgical intervention and cardiopulmonary bypass further exacerbate their residual inflammation. Experimental evidence identified quercetin, a natural senolytic drug, as a cardioprotective agent against inflammatory injuries. The Q-CABG study aims to explore the efficacy of quercetin to reduce inflammation, myocardial injury and senescence in patients undergoing CABG following an acute coronary syndrome. Methods: Q-CABG is a phase II, prospectively registered, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Recruited patients awaiting CABG surgery at the Montreal Heart Institute (n = 100) will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either quercetin supplementation (500 mg twice daily) or placebo, starting 2 days before surgery and until the seventh postoperative day. The primary endpoint examines the effects of quercetin on blood inflammatory cytokines and markers of myocardial injury and senescence in this patient population. Blood samples will be taken at four time points: baseline, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 4 and at hospital discharge, or after a maximum of seven postoperative days. The secondary endpoint is the assessment of endothelial (dys) function by looking at ex vivo vascular reactivity and mRNA expression of endothelial cells from the wall of discarded segments of internal mammary artery. Discussion: The preventive intake of quercetin supplementation may help limit the vigorous inflammatory response triggered by CABG and subsequent postoperative complications in patients suffering from an acute coronary syndrome. In an exploratory way, quercetin supplementation could also improve endothelial function by eliminating senescent vascular endothelial cells. The results of this trial should provide valuable information regarding a novel approach to improve biological, and potentially clinical, outcomes post CABG. Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT04907253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Dagher
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pauline Mury
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Noly
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annik Fortier
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Hofer SJ, Davinelli S, Bergmann M, Scapagnini G, Madeo F. Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Nutrition and Clinical Trials. Front Nutr 2021; 8:717343. [PMID: 34552954 PMCID: PMC8450594 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.717343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human diet and dietary patterns are closely linked to the health status. High-calorie Western-style diets have increasingly come under scrutiny as their caloric load and composition contribute to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. On the other hand, calorie-reduced and health-promoting diets have shown promising results in maintaining health and reducing disease burden throughout aging. More recently, pharmacological Caloric Restriction Mimetics (CRMs) have gained interest of the public and scientific community as promising candidates that mimic some of the myriad of effects induced by caloric restriction. Importantly, many of the CRM candidates activate autophagy, prolong life- and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorate diverse disease symptoms without the need to cut calories. Among others, glycolytic inhibitors (e.g., D-allulose, D-glucosamine), hydroxycitric acid, NAD+ precursors, polyamines (e.g., spermidine), polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, dimethoxychalcones, curcumin, EGCG, quercetin) and salicylic acid qualify as CRM candidates, which are naturally available via foods and beverages. However, it is yet unclear how these bioactive substances contribute to the benefits of healthy diets. In this review, we thus discuss dietary sources, availability and intake levels of dietary CRMs. Finally, since translational research on CRMs has entered the clinical stage, we provide a summary of their effects in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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30
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Frank J, Kisters K, Stirban OA, Obeid R, Lorkowski S, Wallert M, Egert S, Podszun MC, Eckert GP, Pettersen JA, Venturelli S, Classen HG, Golombek J. The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Biofactors 2021; 47:522-550. [PMID: 33772908 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present demographic changes toward an aging society caused a rise in the number of senior citizens and the incidence and burden of age-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases [CVD], cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], diabetes mellitus, and dementia), of which nearly half is attributable to the population ≥60 years of age. Deficiencies in individual nutrients have been associated with increased risks for age-related diseases and high intakes and/or blood concentrations with risk reduction. Nutrition in general and the dietary intake of essential and nonessential biofactors is a major determinant of human health, the risk to develop age-related diseases, and ultimately of mortality in the older population. These biofactors can be a cost-effective strategy to prevent or, in some cases, even treat age-related diseases. Examples reviewed herein include omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber for the prevention of CVD, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) for the treatment of biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, vitamin D for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, thiamine and α-lipoic acid for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, and the role of folate in cancer epigenetics. This list of potentially helpful biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases, however, is not exhaustive and many more examples exist. Furthermore, since there is currently no generally accepted definition of the term biofactors, we here propose a definition that, when adopted by scientists, will enable a harmonization and consistent use of the term in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frank
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kisters
- Medical Clinic I, St. Anna-Hospital & ESH Excellence Centre, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren C Podszun
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Pettersen
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Classen
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
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31
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Pawar A, Pal A, Goswami K, Squitti R, Rongiolettie M. Molecular basis of quercetin as a plausible common denominator of macrophage-cholesterol-fenofibrate dependent potential COVID-19 treatment axis. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 3:100148. [PMID: 34150487 PMCID: PMC8196513 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The world's largest randomized control trial against COVID-19 using remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir and interferon-β1a appeared to have little or no effect on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This has again led to search for alternate re-purposed drugs and/or effective “add-on” nutritional supplementation, which can complement or enhance the therapeutic effect of re-purposed drug. Focus has been shifted to therapeutic targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which includes specific enzymes and regulators of lipid metabolism. Very recently, fenofibrate (cholesterol-lowering drug), suppressed the SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis by affecting the pathways of lipid metabolism in lung cells of COVID-19 patients. A preclinical study has shown synergistic effect of quercetin (a flavonoid) and fenofibrate in reducing the cholesterol content, which might be useful in COVID-19 treatment. Based on the scientific literature, use of quercetin and fenofibrate in COVID-19 seems meaningful in pharmaceutical and biomedical research, and warrants basic, experimental and clinical studies. In this article, we have summarized the contemporary findings about drug fenofibrate and its effect on membrane synthesis of COVID-19 virus along with emphasizing on possible synergistic effects of quercetin with fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Pawar
- Department of Zoology, DAV University, Jalandhar 144012, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani 741245, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani 741245, West Bengal, India
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongiolettie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
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32
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Hosseini A, Razavi BM, Banach M, Hosseinzadeh H. Quercetin and metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5352-5364. [PMID: 34101925 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of diseases that lead to mortality due to the development of cardiovascular problems. Quercetin, as an important flavonoid, has various properties such as decreasing blood pressure, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-oxidant, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, and cardio-protective effects. In this review article, we collected original articles from different sources such as Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, and Pubmed, which is related to the effect of quercetin on the improvement of the signs of MetS, including elevated glucose level, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and blood pressure. According to these data, quercetin may also have a role in the management of metabolic disorders via different mechanisms such as increasing adiponectin, decreasing leptin, anti-oxidant activity, reduction of insulin resistance, the elevation of insulin level, and blocking of calcium channel. We have attempted to make some recommendations on the quercetin application in patients. However, it needs to do further clinical trials and more investigations to show the real clinical value of quercetin on metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Natural products and analogs as preventive agents for metabolic syndrome via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113535. [PMID: 33992930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and synthetic analogs have drawn much attention as potential therapeutical drugs to treat metabolic syndrome. We reviewed the underlying mechanisms of 32 natural products and analogs with potential pharmacological effects in vitro, and especially in rodent models and/or patients, that usually act on the PPAR pathway, along with other molecular targets. Recent outstanding total syntheses or semisyntheses of these lead compounds are stated. In general, they can activate the transcriptional activity of PPARα, PPARγ, PPARα/γ, PPARβ/δ, PPARα/δ, PPARγ/δ and panPPAR as weak, partial agonists or selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM), which may be useful for managing obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and non-fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Terpenoids is the largest group of compounds that act as potential modulators on PPARs and are comprised from small lipophilic cannabinoids to lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenes and polar saponins. Shikimates-phenylpropanoids include polar heterocyclic flavonoids and phenolic compounds containing at least one C3-C6 unit and usually a double bond on the propyl chain. Quercetin (19), resveratrol (24) and curcumin (27), stand out from this group for exhibiting beneficial effects on patients. Alkaloids, the minor group of potential modulators on PPARs, include berberine (30), which has been widely explored in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential beneficial effects on T2D and dyslipidemia. However, large-scale clinical trials may be warranted for the promising compounds.
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Probiotic drink from fermented mango (Mangifera indica) with addition of spinach flour (Amaranthus) high in polyphenols and food fibre. Proc Nutr Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665121000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Wang N, Wang L, Yang J, Wang Z, Cheng L. Quercetin promotes osteogenic differentiation and antioxidant responses of mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells through activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2639-2650. [PMID: 33421256 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decrepitude and apoptosis of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to inhibited osteogenic differentiation, causing decreased bone density and osteoporosis. Quercetin, a bioactive component of Solanum muricatum extracts, promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and ameliorates the symptoms of osteoporosis in vivo. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. The study aims to reveal the regulatory mechanism of quercetin in BMSCs. Mouse BMSCs (mBMSCs) were isolated from the bone marrow and characterized by flow cytometry. QRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to evaluate the expression levels of related genes and proteins. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Oil Red O staining of lipids were used to estimate the osteogenesis and adipogenesis levels of mBMSCs, respectively. Quercetin treatment (2 and 5 μM) induced significant upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, SOD1 and SOD2, in mBMSCs. Quercetin promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of mBMSCs. Quercetin treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK protein and upregulated the expression of SIRT1, thus activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in mBMSCs. Quercetin promoted osteogenic differentiation and antioxidant responses of mBMSCs by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Stomatological Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jihao Yang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liangxing Cheng
- Research Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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36
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Dagher O, Mury P, Thorin-Trescases N, Noly PE, Thorin E, Carrier M. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin to Alleviate Endothelial Dysfunction in Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:658400. [PMID: 33860002 PMCID: PMC8042157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium occupies a catalog of functions that contribute to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. It is a physically active barrier between circulating blood and tissue, a regulator of the vascular tone, a biochemical processor and a modulator of coagulation, inflammation, and immunity. Given these essential roles, it comes to no surprise that endothelial dysfunction is prodromal to chronic age-related diseases of the heart and arteries, globally termed cardiovascular diseases (CVD). An example would be ischemic heart disease (IHD), which is the main cause of death from CVD. We have made phenomenal advances in treating CVD, but the aging endothelium, as it senesces, always seems to out-run the benefits of medical and surgical therapies. Remarkably, many epidemiological studies have detected a correlation between a flavonoid-rich diet and a lower incidence of mortality from CVD. Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid class, is a natural compound ubiquitously found in various food sources such as fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, and wine. It has been reported to have a wide range of health promoting effects and has gained significant attention over the years. A growing body of evidence suggests quercetin could lower the risk of IHD by mitigating endothelial dysfunction and its risk factors, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, accumulation of senescent endothelial cells, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). In this review, we will explore these pathophysiological cascades and their interrelation with endothelial dysfunction. We will then present the scientific evidence to quercetin's anti-atherosclerotic, anti-hypertensive, senolytic, and anti-EndoMT effects. Finally, we will discuss the prospect for its clinical use in alleviating myocardial ischemic injuries in IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Dagher
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Mury
- Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Emmanuel Noly
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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38
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Cancer Related Anemia: An Integrated Multitarget Approach and Lifestyle Interventions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020482. [PMID: 33535496 PMCID: PMC7912724 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often accompanied by worsening of the patient's iron profile, and the resulting anemia could be a factor that negatively impacts antineoplastic treatment efficacy and patient survival. The first line of therapy is usually based on oral or intravenous iron supplementation; however, many patients remain anemic and do not respond. The key might lie in the pathogenesis of the anemia itself. Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is characterized by a decreased circulating serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation despite ample iron stores, pointing to a more complex problem related to iron homeostatic regulation and additional factors such as chronic inflammatory status. This review explores our current understanding of iron homeostasis in cancer, shedding light on the modulatory role of hepcidin in intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling, mobilization from liver deposits, and inducible regulators by infections and inflammation. The underlying relationship between CRA and systemic low-grade inflammation will be discussed, and an integrated multitarget approach based on nutrition and exercise to improve iron utilization by reducing low-grade inflammation, modulating the immune response, and supporting antioxidant mechanisms will also be proposed. Indeed, a Mediterranean-based diet, nutritional supplements and exercise are suggested as potential individualized strategies and as a complementary approach to conventional CRA therapy.
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Sohouli MH, Fatahi S, Lari A, Lotfi M, Seifishahpar M, Găman MA, Rahideh ST, AlBatati SK, AlHossan AM, Alkhalifa SA, Alomar SA, Abu-Zaid A. The effect of paleolithic diet on glucose metabolism and lipid profile among patients with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4551-4562. [PMID: 33492173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1876625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effects of the Paleolithic diet (PD) in adult patients suffering from metabolic disorders. However, the results of these RCTs are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of the PD in patients with metabolic disorders. METHODS We searched the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Databases, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to June, 2020. The data were pooled using a random-effects model. From the eligible publications, 10 articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity was determined using the I2 statistics and the Cochrane Q test. RESULTS The pooled results from the random-effects model showed a significant reduction of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (weighted mean difference, WMD: -0.39, 95% CI: -0.70, -0.08), fasting insulin (WMD: -12.17 μU/mL, 95% CI: -24.26, -0.08), total cholesterol (WMD: -0.32 mmol/l, 95% CI: -0.49, -0.15), triglycerides (WMD: -0.29 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.42, -0.16), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -0.35 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.03), blood pressure (BP)(WMD - 5.89 mmHg; 95% CI - 9.973 to - 1.86 for the systolic BP and WMD - 4.01 mmHg; 95% CI - 6.21 to - 1.80 for the diastolic BP values) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD: -0.84, mg/L, 95% CI: -1.62, -0.06) in the PD group versus control group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide better insights into the effect of the PD on the modulation of the glucose and lipid metabolism factors in patients with metabolic disorders, providing comprehensive information for the development of future RCTs with a high quality design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Faculty of Public Health Branch, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Faculty of Public Health Branch, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Lari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Lotfi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Seifishahpar
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, Bucharest, Romania & Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saud K AlBatati
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sara A Alomar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Zhang S, Li L, Chen W, Xu S, Feng X, Zhang L. Natural products: The role and mechanism in low-density lipoprotein oxidation and atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2945-2967. [PMID: 33368763 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, metabolic, and epigenetic disease, which leads to the life-threatening coronary artery disease. Emerging studies from bench to bedside have demonstrated the pivotal role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This article hereby reviews oxidation mechanism of LDL, and the pro-atherogenic and biomarker role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis. We also review the pharmacological effects of several representative natural products (vitamin E, resveratrol, quercetin, probucol, tanshinone IIA, epigallocatechin gallate, and Lycopene) in protecting against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis. Clinical and basic research supports the beneficial effects of these natural products in inhibiting LDL oxidation and preventing atherosclerosis, but the data are still controversial. This may be related to factors such as the population and the dosage and time of taking natural products involved in different studies. Understanding the mechanism of LDL oxidation and effect of oxidized LDL help researchers to find novel therapies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenxu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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41
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Naturally Occurring PCSK9 Inhibitors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051440. [PMID: 32429343 PMCID: PMC7284437 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, epidemiological and pharmacological data have led to the conclusion that antagonizing or inhibiting Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduces cardiovascular events. This clinical outcome is mainly related to the pivotal role of PCSK9 in controlling low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The absence of oral and affordable anti-PCSK9 medications has limited the beneficial effects of this new therapeutic option. A possible breakthrough in this field may come from the discovery of new naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors as a starting point for the development of oral, small molecules, to be used in combination with statins in order to increase the percentage of patients reaching their LDL-cholesterol target levels. In the present review, we have summarized the current knowledge on natural compounds or extracts that have shown an inhibitory effect on PCSK9, either in experimental or clinical settings. When available, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of the listed compounds are described.
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Shabbir M, Afsar T, Razak S, Almajwal A, Khan MR. Phytochemical analysis and Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Maytenus royleanus leaves extract against anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:46. [PMID: 32178678 PMCID: PMC7077109 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myrin®-p Forte is an anti-tuberclosis agent that can cause hepatic injuries in clinical settings. Maytenus royleanus (Celastraceae) is a medicinal plant, possesses antioxidant and anticancer activities. The hepatoprotective effect of the methanol extract of Maytenus royleanus leaves (MEM) against Myrin®-p Forte induced hepatotoxicity in mice was investigated. METHODS Mice were randomly parted into six groups (n = 6). Fixed-dose combination of Myrin®-p Forte (13.5 mg/kg Rifampicin, 6.75 mg/kg Isoniazid, 36.0 mg/kg Pyrazinamide and 24.8 mg/kg Ethambutol; RIPE] was administered for 15 days to induce liver injury. In treatment groups MEM (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses) and Vitamin B6 (180mg/kg) were administered prior to RIPE. Control group received 2% DMSO. Serum liver function tests, DNA damage, tissue antioxidant enzymes and histopathological alterations were studied. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition using standard compounds. RESULTS The quercitin, gallic acid, luteolin, viteixin, apigenin, kaempherol, hyperoside and myricetin contents of all samples were determined by reverse-phase HPLC. Quercetin (0.217 mg/g dry weight) and luteolin (0.141 mg/g dry weight) were the major flavonoids identified in MEM. Myrin®-p Forte markedly (p < 0.05) deteriorated lipid profile and upregulated the concentration of LDH, AST, ALP, ALT and γ-GT in serum along with DNA fragmentation (37.13 ± 0.47%) and histopathological injuries in hepatic tissues of mice compared with the control group. Myrin®-p Forte increased (p < 0.001) lipid peroxidation and H2O2 while decreased (p < 0.001) the activity level of CAT, SOD, POD, GPx, GST, GSR, γ-GT and GSH. Co-administration of MEM (200 mg/kg; 400 mg/kg) or the vitamin B6 (180 mg/kg) to Myrin®-p Forte administered mice significantly ameliorated LDL, cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride content. Furthermore, MEM dose dependently corrected serum liver function tests, decrease % DNA fragmentation (17.82 ± 0.35 and 7.21 ± 0.32 respectively), DNA damage. MEM treated protect RIPE induced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidants to oxidants balance. Histological examination comprehends biochemical findings. CONCLUSION The antioxidant effects of MEM exerted the hepatoprotective potential against the Myrin®-p Forte induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shabbir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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The role of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of hypertension: An updated review of the literature. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108749. [PMID: 31955788 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a worldwide epidemic in both developed and developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. In recent years, several studies have reported associations between specific dietary ingredients and improving HTN. Nutraceuticals are natural food components with pharmacological properties. Reports suggest that functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients might support patients to obtain the desired therapeutic blood pressure (BP) goals and reduce cardiovascular risks by modulating various risk factors such as oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivity, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and vascular resistance. We review the recent clinical experiments that have evaluated the biological and pharmacological activities of several types of nutraceuticals, including sour tea, cocoa, common spices, vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, flavonoids, coenzyme Q10, milk's tripeptides, calcium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and prebiotics in preventing and treating HTN. This review summarizes recent knowledge about the impact of common nutraceuticals for the regulation of BP.
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Ulusoy HG, Sanlier N. A minireview of quercetin: from its metabolism to possible mechanisms of its biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3290-3303. [PMID: 31680558 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1683810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, one of the most taken flavonoid with diet, belongs to the family of flavonols in which kaempferol and myricetin are also found. Quercetin occurs as a glycoside (with linked sugars) or as an aglycone (without linked sugars). Although quercetin has many different forms in nature, the form found in plants is quercetin-3-O-glucoside, which generally functions as a pigment that gives color to a multitude of fruits and vegetables. The recent literature has been reviewed using PubMed, Science Direct, and Embase databases. In this article, we reviewed quercetin with respect to chemical properties, absorption mechanism, metabolism, bioavailability, food sources, bioactivities, and possible health-promoting mechanisms. Quercetin is known as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity compound. It is thought to be beneficial against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurological diseases, obesity, allergy asthma, and atopic diseases. Further clinical studies with large sample sizes are needed to determine the appropriate dose and form of quercetin for preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Gül Ulusoy
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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