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Han Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhou W, Wu G, Yuan K, Cui C, Bai W. Lactobacillus fermentation accelerated biotransformation of cranberry anthocyanins towards phenol-pyranoanthocyanins and their stability and antioxidant property. Food Chem 2024; 461:140793. [PMID: 39146679 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Phenol-pyranoanthocyanins, a structurally modified type of anthocyanin, has higher stability than anthocyanins. However, their conversion occurs slowly. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the conversion efficiency and production of pyranoanthocyanins. In this study, cranberry anthocyanin (CRAN) was fermented using two Lactobacillus strains along with caffeic acid to form cranberry-derived pyranoanthocyanins (PY-CRAN). PY-CRAN was characterized and identified. The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory capacity of PY-CRAN were assessed. The results showed that phenol-pyranoanthocyanins can be rapidly produced through fermentative transformation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei exhibits a higher propensity for producing phenol-pyranoanthocyanins. PY-CRAN exhibits high stability under light and various pH conditions. Moreover, they possess excellent antioxidant properties and the ability to inhibit tyrosinase. These results suggest that fermentative biotransformation conducted by Lactobacillus is an ideal method for producing cranberry pyranoanthocyanins. The resulting anthocyanins have potential as antioxidant and whitening agents, making them promising bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Han
- Convergence College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Guangkai Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kailan Yuan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Chengbi Cui
- Convergence College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China.
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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2
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Cabezudo I, L E Furlan R. Thin layer chromatography assay to detect laccase inhibitors. Food Chem 2024; 460:140583. [PMID: 39089026 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) hyphenated to bioassays is a modern tool used for discovery of biologically active compounds from complex mixtures. The first bioautographic assay for detecting laccase inhibitors on a TLC plate was developed in this study. The on-plate reaction of laccase with colourless ABTS that renders the blue ABTS∙+ radical was optimised. Combination of the enzymatic TLC-assay with a control TLC-assay, wherein ABTS∙+ radical is chemically generated and then applied on the TLC, allowed to differentiate between the pure laccase inhibitor sodium azide and radical scavengers such as gallic and kojic acids. The limit of detection and quantification for the method were 54.9 and 166 ng of sodium azide respectively. The methodology was applied successfully to a recently discovered laccase inhibitor chemotype: hydrazones. A model hydrazone was compared with several hydrazones synthesized for this study. For the first time, laccase inhibitors separated on a TLC plate can be detected individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Cabezudo
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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3
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Azimi F, Mahdavi M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Shafiee F, Azimi M, Hassanzadeh F, Haji Ashrafee F. Kinetic studies, molecular docking, and antioxidant activity of novel 1,3-diphenyl pyrazole-thiosemicarbazone with anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenesis properties. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107722. [PMID: 39213796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the Design Hypothesis of a novel series of 1,3-diphenyl pyrazole-thiosemicarbazone as novel tyrosinase inhibitors (TYRI). The designed compounds were prepared and their TYRI activity and mechanisms were studied. The results showed that the selected compounds exhibited potent tyrosinase inhibitory activities greater than that of kojic acid (KA). Lead candidates, denoted as 6g and 6n, with a para-hydroxyphenyl group attached to the 3-position of the pyrazole ring demonstrated IC50 values of 2.09 and 3.18 µM, respectively. The potency of these compounds was approximately 5-8 times higher than that of KA. The in vitro melanin content of 6g or 6n-treated melanoma cells resulted in significant efficacy in melanin reduction. The DPPH assay result revealed that the tyrosinase inhibition mechanism for these derivatives was independent of a redox effect and corresponded to the interaction with tyrosinase. According to the Lineweaver-Burk plot, the most potent compounds, 6g and 6n, exhibit a mixed type of inhibition, primarily noncompetitive inhibition. In silico molecular docking studies were employed to determine the binding mode and explore the Design Hypothesis in detail. The results suggested that these compounds could be considered promising leads for the further development of novel inhibitors to treat disorders related to tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azimi
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiee
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahin Azimi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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4
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Bai QH, Zeng SM, Li XZ, Qiao JR, Lin YP, Pan QX, Chen GH, Chai WM. Inhibitory potential of 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid against tyrosinase and its effect on the preservation of fresh-sliced apples. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136598. [PMID: 39427806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Excessive tyrosinase expression leads to pigmented diseases in humans and browning in plants, necessitating effective tyrosinase inhibitors. This study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanism of 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-HC-3-CA) on tyrosinase. Using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, we found that 7-HC-3-CA effectively inhibited tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 value of 364 ± 1.3 μM. Enzyme kinetics, fluorescence methods and molecular simulation techniques revealed that 7-HC-3-CA acted as a reversible and competitive inhibitor, forming a stable complex with tyrosinase through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. This altered the microenvironment of Tyr and Trp residues, causing the structural stretching and conformational changes that diminish catalytic activity. Preservation experiments demonstrated that 0.5 mM 7-HC-3-CA significantly reduced mass loss and decreased browning of fresh-sliced apples. It also lowered polyphenol oxidase activity from 0.22 to 0.18 and delayed phenolic oxidation, enhancing total phenolic content from 0.34 to 0.54, thereby controlling browning and extending storage life. Cell assays indicated that 0.5 mM 7-HC-3-CA had no significant impact on cell proliferation, with viability over 80 %. Acute toxicity tests proved that 0.5 mM of 7-HC-3-CA is completely non-lethal to KM mice. In conclusion, this study confirmed 7-HC-3-CA was a viable and safe antibrowning agent and revealed its potential application in the field of food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Han Bai
- College of Life Science and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Shan-Mei Zeng
- College of Life Science and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- College of Life Science and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Jin-Rui Qiao
- College of Life Science and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yan-Ping Lin
- College of Life Science and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Pan
- College of Life Science and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Guang-Hua Chen
- Jiangxi Guangya Food Co., Ltd, Le'an, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
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Ma Y, Liu X, Pang L, Yang H, Zhu S, Xing G, Li Y, Liu J. MnO 4--triggered wavelength-changeable and rapid-response fluorescence sensor for paper-based on-site sensing of tyrosinase activity in potato. Talanta 2024; 282:127021. [PMID: 39413716 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Rapid-response in situ fluorogenic reactions in aqueous solution are important for designing sensitive and stable sensing platforms. Herein, a wavelength-changeable and rapid-response (within 5 s) fluorescence sensing platform for monitoring tyrosinase (TYR) activity is constructed. The developed assay is based on TYR catalyzing the hydroxylation of mono-phenol to o-diphenol and MnO4--triggered fluorogenic between dopamine (DA) and phenol derivatives in aqueous solution. The fluorescence wavelength can be changeable from 470 to 550 nm with strong fluorescence according to different phenol derivatives. Our proposed sensor not only exhibits a good recovery for TYR in high serum concentration (20 %), but also has been successfully applied to the screening of TYR inhibitors modeled on kojic acid. Furthermore, a paper-based wavelength-changeable fluorescence sensor was developed for on-site detection of TYR activity in potatoes with high recovery, which is consistent with our previously reported method. Consequently, the proposed sensing system has broad prospects in the practical application of TYR-associated food monitoring and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lihua Pang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yinhui Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry, Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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Xu ZY, Hu Z, La CS, Du NN, Bai M, Hao J, Lin B, Huang XX, Song SJ. Hydroxyl-Amide Alkaloids from Pepper Roots: Potential Sources of Natural Antioxidants and Tyrosinase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19800-19811. [PMID: 39116367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a widely used spice plant known for its fruits and roots, which serve as flavor enhancers in culinary applications and hold significant economic value. Despite the popularity of pepper fruits, their roots remain relatively understudied, with limited research conducted on their bioactive components. This study focused on discovering and separating the primary bioactive amide alkaloids found in pepper roots. The process involved using the antioxidant activity of crude fractions and the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking analysis platform. The process led to the discovery of 23 previously unknown hydroxyl-amide alkaloids. Notably, compounds 11, 12, and 14 showed excellent antioxidant activity, while compound 11 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase. Theoretical exploration of enzyme-ligand interactions was conducted through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The findings of this study highlight the potential of hydroxyl-amide alkaloids as antioxidant products and natural food preservatives in the pharmaceutical and food cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zixia Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chang-Sheng La
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ning-Ning Du
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jinle Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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7
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Xu Y, Liang X, Hyun CG. Discovery of Indole-Thiourea Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Kinetic Studies, and In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9636. [PMID: 39273583 PMCID: PMC11394742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, represents a crucial therapeutic target for hyperpigmentation disorders due to excessive melanin production. This study aimed to design and evaluate a series of indole-thiourea derivatives by conjugating thiosemicarbazones with strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity to indole. Among these derivatives, compound 4b demonstrated tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5.9 ± 2.47 μM, outperforming kojic acid (IC50 = 16.4 ± 3.53 μM). Kinetic studies using Lineweaver-Burk plots confirmed competitive inhibition by compound 4b. Its favorable ADMET and drug-likeness properties make compound 4b a promising therapeutic candidate with a reduced risk of toxicity. Molecular docking revealed that the compounds bind strongly to mushroom tyrosinase (mTYR) and human tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), with compound 4b showing superior binding energies of -7.0 kcal/mol (mTYR) and -6.5 kcal/mol (TYRP1), surpassing both kojic acid and tropolone. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the stability of the mTYR-4b complex with low RMSD and RMSF and consistent Rg and SASA values. Persistent strong hydrogen bonds with mTYR, along with favorable Gibbs free energy and MM/PBSA calculations (-19.37 kcal/mol), further support stable protein-ligand interactions. Overall, compound 4b demonstrated strong tyrosinase inhibition and favorable pharmacokinetics, highlighting its potential for treating pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuhui Liang
- Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Wu XX, Law SK, Ma H, Jiang Z, Li YF, Au DCT, Wong CK, Luo DX. Bio-active metabolites from Chinese Medicinal Herbs for treatment of skin diseases. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39155491 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2391070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Skin diseases have become serious issues to human health and affect one-third of the world's population according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). These consist of internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) factors referring to genetics, hormones, and the body's immune system, as well as environmental situations, UV radiation, or environmental pollution respectively. Generally, Western Medicines (WMs) are usually treated with topical creams or strong medications for skin diseases that help superficially, and often do not treat the root cause. The relief may be instant and strong, sometimes these medicines have adverse reactions that are too strong to be able and sustained over a long period, especially steroid drug type. Chinese Medicinal Herbs (CMHs) are natural resources and relatively mild in the treatment of both manifestation and the root cause of disease. Nowadays, CMHs are attractive to many scientists, especially in studying their formulations for the treatment of skin diseases. METHODS The methodology of this review was searched in nine electronic databases including WanFang Data, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), without regard to language constraints. All eligible studies are analysed and summarised. RESULTS Based on the literature findings, some extracts or active metabolites divided from CMHs, including Curcumin, Resveratrol, Liquorice, Dandelions, Cortex Moutan, and Calendula officinalis L., are effective for the treatment and prevention of skin diseases because of a wide range of pharmacological activities, e.g. anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-virus, and anti-inflammation to enhance the body's immune system. It is also responsible for skin whitening to prevent pigmentation and premature ageing through several mechanisms, such as regulation or inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB/NF-κB) signalling pathways. CONCLUSION This is possible to develop CMHs, such as Curcumin, Resveratrol, Liquorice, Dandelions, Cortex Moutan and Calendula officinalis L. The ratio of multiple CMH formulations and safety assessments on human skin diseases required studying to achieve better pharmacological activities. Nano formulations are the future investigation for CMHs to combat skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Centre, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siu Kan Law
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, The Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Laboratory Medicine Centre, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Fan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Centre, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dawn Ching Tung Au
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, The Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Xian Luo
- Laboratory Medicine Centre, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Di Costanzo LF. Structural characterization of tyrosinases and an update on human enzymes. Enzymes 2024; 56:55-83. [PMID: 39304291 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a pivotal enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, orchestrates the pigmentation process in humans, affecting skin, hair, and eye color. This chapter examines the three-dimensional structure and functional aspects of tyrosinases from various sources, highlighting their di-metal ion coordination crucial for catalytic activity. I explore the biochemical pathwayscheme catalyzed by tyrosinase, specifically the oxidation of L-tyrosine to L-dopaquinone, a precursor in melanin synthesis. Detailed structural analyses, including 3D structures obtained from X-ray crystallography and computational modeling, reveal key insights into the enzyme's active site, variations among tyrosinases, and substrate binding mechanisms. Furthermore, the chapter investigates the role of human tyrosinase variants, their inhibitors, essential for developing therapeutic and cosmetic applications targeting hyperpigmentation disorders. Structural characterizations of tyrosinase-inhibitor complexes provide a foundation for designing effective inhibitors, with compounds like kojic acid, L-mimosine, and (S)-3-amino-tyrosine demonstrating significant inhibitory potential. This comprehensive examination of the structure, function, and inhibition mechanisms of tyrosinase offers avenues for innovative treatments in biotechnology, health, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Franklin Di Costanzo
- Department of Agriculture, Department of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Palace of Portici, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, Portici NA, Italy.
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10
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Gębalski J, Małkowska M, Wnorowska S, Gawenda-Kempczyńska D, Strzemski M, Wójciak M, Słomka A, Styczyński J, Załuski D. Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Eleutherococcus divaricatus Root Extract as a Promising Source of Compounds with Anti-Hyaluronidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Antioxidant Activity but Not Anti-Melanoma Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:3640. [PMID: 39125044 PMCID: PMC11313944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eleutherococcus divaricatus (Siebold and Zucc.) S. Y. Hu. has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) due to its anticancer, immunostimulant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its mechanism of action and chemical composition are still insufficiently understood and require more advanced research, especially for cases in which anti-inflammatory properties are beneficial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of E. divaricatus root extracts and fractions on proinflammatory serum hyaluronidase and tyrosinase in children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Antioxidant and anti-melanoma activities were also examined and correlated with metabolomic data. For the first time, we discovered that the ethyl acetate fraction significantly inhibits hyaluronidase activity, with mean group values of 55.82% and 63.8% for aescin used as a control. However, interestingly, the fraction showed no activity against human tyrosinase, and in A375 melanoma cells treated with a doxorubicin fraction, doxorubicin activity decreased. This fraction exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity, which can be attributed to high contents of polyphenols, especially caffeic acid (24 mg/g). The findings suggest an important role of the ethyl acetate fraction in hyaluronidase inhibition, which may additionally indicate its anti-inflammatory property. The results suggest that this fraction can be used in inflammatory-related diseases, although with precautions in cases of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gębalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.G.-K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Milena Małkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.G.-K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Sylwia Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.G.-K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jan Styczyński
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.G.-K.); (D.Z.)
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11
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Chai W, Wu Y, Li X, Zeng S, Cheng Y, Jiang W, Pan Q, Xia X, Chen G. Relationships between degree of polymerization and activities: A study on condensed tannins from the bark of Ficus altissima. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133306. [PMID: 38909729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Condensed tannins were isolated from the bark of Ficus altissima and fractionated into four subcomponents on a Sephadex LH-20 column with 60 %, 80 %, 100 % methanol, and 70 % acetone, separately. Their structures were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS and confirmed to be polymers of B-type procyanidin glucosides, procyanidins, and prodelphinidin glucosides. The degree of polymerization (DP) of these polymers was as high as 21, and the mDPs of the four subcomponents were calculated as 2.4, 6.6, 10.5 and 13.4, respectively. They competitively or noncompetitively suppressed the activities of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. And they also showed a powerful antioxidative activity. Correlation analyses verified that the anti-tyrosinase capacity exhibited a significant positive correlation (R2monophenolase = 0.9167 and R2diphenolase = 0.9302) with mDP within the methanol-water system, and the anti-α-glucosidase activity also showed a significant positive correlation with the mDP (R2 = 0.9187). In contrast, the antioxidant capability showed a significant negative correlation with the mDP (R2DPPH = 0.9258, R2ABTS = 0.9372). This study confirmed that condensed tannins from the bark of F. altissima were desirable anti-tyrosinase, anti-α-glucosidase, and antioxidant agents, and elucidated the relationships of their mDP (molecular weight) and activities, which provided a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of these polymers in the food, cosmetics, medicine and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Yifeng Wu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Shanmei Zeng
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Wumei Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuxia Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xiaolei Xia
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Jiangxi Guangya Food Co., Ltd, Le 'an, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 330022, China
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12
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Chai W, Wei W, Hu X, Bai Q, Guo Y, Zhang M, Li S, Pan Q. Inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism on tyrosinase and browning of fresh-cut apple by longan shell tannins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133326. [PMID: 38925198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a biological macromolecule closely related to browning of fruit and vegetables, melanin production, and tyrosinase inhibitors are usually used to prevent browning and pigmentation. In this study, longan shell tannins (LSTs) were screened as tyrosinase inhibitors and their structures were proved to be mixtures of procyanidins (condensed tannins) and ellagitannins (hydrolyzed tannins). Enzymatic experiments verified that LSTs were efficient inhibitors, and the IC50 values for monophenolase and bisphenolase were 176.04 ± 10 and 59.94 ± 5 μg mL-1, respectively. Fluorescence detections and molecular docking revealed that the combination of LSTs to tyrosinase was mainly driven by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, as well as van der Waals force, which changed the microenvironment of tyrosine and tryptophan residues as well as enzyme conformation. Circular dichroism and molecular dynamics simulation showed that LSTs affected secondary structures of tyrosinase, resulting in structural stretching and conformational modification of the enzyme. In addition, preservation studies demonstrated that LSTs owned the ability to delay the browning of fresh-cut apples by inhibiting phenolic metabolism, strengthening the antioxidant system, and reducing lipid peroxidation. This paper testified that LSTs are exteaordinary tyrosinase inhibitors, and offered a scientific foundation for the application of LSTs in food industry and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Wenshuang Wei
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xinru Hu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuhan Bai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Shuting Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuxia Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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13
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Yang Y, Han K, Liu Z, Xie S, Xu J, He Y, Zhao P, Yang X. Ultrasonic-Assisted Biphasic Aqueous Extraction of Polyphenols from Vaccinium Dunalianum Leaves: Optimization, Antioxidant, and Tyrosinase Inhibition Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400955. [PMID: 39046726 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted biphasic aqueous extraction conditions for polyphenolic compounds from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight leaves and investigate their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities, single-factor experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction (%), ammonium sulfate mass fraction (%), solid-liquid ratio (g/mL), ultrasonic temperature (°C), and ultrasonic time (min) on polyphenolic content during extraction. Based on these experiments, three key factors influencing extraction were selected for response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The results indicated that under conditions of 26 % ethanol, 20 % ammonium sulfate, a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 30, and extraction for 35 minutes at 50 °C, the polyphenol content reached 61.62 mg/g. The relative contents of 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin, β-arbutin, and chlorogenic acid were 34.45 %, 4.56 %, and 31.06 %, respectively. The DPPH⋅ and ABTS+⋅ scavenging rates were above 95 % and 96 %, respectively, and the ferric reducing ability exhibited a significant dose-effect relationship. The inhibition rates of monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase were 43.84 % and 35.73 %, respectively. The optimized process for ultrasonic-assisted biphasic aqueous extraction of polyphenols from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight leaves demonstrated significant antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan, 650224, PR China
| | - Kangjia Han
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan, 650224, PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan, 650224, PR China
| | - Sida Xie
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan, 650224, PR China
| | - Junming Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210042, PR China
| | - Yuanping He
- Kunming Beiye Dai Medicine Research Institute, Kunming Yunnan, 650499, PR China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan, 650224, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan, 650224, PR China
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14
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Afzal M, Mehmood R, Mughal EU, Naeem N, Ashraf Z, Nazir Y, Shalaby FM, El-Sayed Abd El Hady A, Sadiq A. Elucidating bis-pyrimidines as new and efficient mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis, SAR, kinetics and computational studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22769-22780. [PMID: 39035128 PMCID: PMC11258615 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel bis-pyrimidine derivatives (1P-8P) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and investigated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, an enzyme critical in melanin biosynthesis and implicated in various hyperpigmentation disorders. To the best of our knowledge, the bispyrimidine scaffold has been evaluated for the first time for its tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Their inhibitory activities were assessed, revealing inhibition with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Additionally, this series of compounds were found to inhibit tyrosinase activity in a mixed-type manner, with IC50 values ranging from 12.36 ± 1.24 to 86.67 ± 3.08 μM. To further elucidate the binding interactions, molecular docking simulations were performed, identifying key residues in the active site responsible for binding affinity. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to assess the dynamic behavior, stability, and binding affinity of the most potent inhibitor, compound 6P. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models were developed to correlate the structural features of the bis-pyrimidines with their inhibitory activity, providing insights into the structure-activity relationships (SAR) that govern their potency. The experimental and theoretical findings demonstrated excellent agreement. These findings pave the way for the development of novel bis-pyrimidine-based therapeutic agents for treating hyperpigmentation and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manazza Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | | | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Rawalpindi Women University Rawalpindi-46300 Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Fatma Mohsen Shalaby
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal El-Sayed Abd El Hady
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Majmaah University Al Majma'ah 15341 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
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Kim HJ, Jung HJ, Kim YE, Jeong D, Park HS, Park HS, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Investigation of the Efficacy of Benzylidene-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one Analogs with Antioxidant Activities on the Inhibition of Mushroom and Mammal Tyrosinases. Molecules 2024; 29:2887. [PMID: 38930952 PMCID: PMC11206987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the fact that substances with a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) motif confer strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, benzylidene-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (BMTTZD) analogs 1-8 were prepared as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Four analogs (1-3 and 5) inhibited mushroom tyrosinase strongly. Especially, analog 3 showed an inhibitory effect that was 220 and 22 times more powerful than kojic acid in the presence of l-tyrosine and l-dopa, respectively. A kinetic study utilizing mushroom tyrosinase showed that analogs 1 and 3 competitively inhibited tyrosinase, whereas analogs 2 and 5 inhibited tyrosinase in a mixed manner. A docking simulation study indicated that analogs 2 and 5 could bind to both the tyrosinase active and allosteric sites with high binding affinities. In cell-based experiments using B16F10 cells, analogs 1, 3, and 5 effectively inhibited melanin production; their anti-melanogenic effects were attributed to their ability to inhibit intracellular tyrosinase activity. Moreover, analogs 1, 3, and 5 inhibited in situ B16F10 cellular tyrosinase activity. In three antioxidant experiments, analogs 2 and 3 exhibited strong antioxidant efficacy, similar to that of the positive controls. These results suggest that the BMTTZD analogs are promising tyrosinase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperpigmentation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Daeun Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Hyeon Seo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
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16
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Asadi M, Fayazi F, Iraji A, Sabourian R, Azizian H, Hajimahmoodi M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M, Amanlou M. Nitrophenylpiperazine derivatives as novel tyrosinase inhibitors: design, synthesis, and in silico evaluations. BMC Chem 2024; 18:67. [PMID: 38581040 PMCID: PMC10998383 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 4-nitrophenylpiperazine derivatives (4a-m) was designed and synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Comprehensive characterization using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, CNH, and IR techniques was performed for all target compounds. Subsequently, the derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. Among them, compound 4l, featuring an indole moiety at the N-1 position of the piperazine ring, exhibited a significant tyrosinase inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 72.55 μM. Enzyme kinetics analysis revealed that 4l displayed mixed inhibition of the tyrosinase enzymatic reaction. Molecular docking was carried out in the enzyme's active site to further investigate the enzyme-inhibitor interactions. Based on the findings, compound 4l shows promise as a lead structure for the design of potent tyrosinase inhibitors. This study paves the way for the development of more effective tyrosinase inhibitors for potential applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Fayazi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sabourian
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mannan Hajimahmoodi
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Alzahrani AY, Gomha SM, Zaki ME, Farag B, Abdelgawad FE, Mohamed MA. Chitosan-sulfonic acid-catalyzed green synthesis of naphthalene-based azines as potential anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:647-663. [PMID: 38385167 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study focuses on advancing green chemistry in anticancer drug discovery, particularly through the synthesis of azine derivatives with a naphthalene core using CS-SO3H as a catalyst. Methods: Novel benzaldazine and ketazine derivatives were synthesized using (E)-(naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)hydrazine and various carbonyl compounds. The methods employed included thermal and grinding techniques, utilizing CS-SO3H as an eco-friendly and cost-effective catalyst. Results: The approach resulted in high yields, short reaction times and demonstrated catalyst reusability. Cytotoxicity tests highlighted compounds 3b, 11 and 13 as potent against the HEPG2-1. Conclusion: This study successfully aligns with the objectives of eco-conscious drug development in organic chemistry. Molecular docking and in silico studies further indicate the potential of these ligands as antitumor medicines, with favorable oral bioavailability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ya Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhi M Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Magdi Ea Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basant Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Fathy E Abdelgawad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Mohamed
- Technology of Textile Department, Faculty of Technology & Education, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science & Humanity study-Afif, Shaqra University, 11911, Saudi Arabia
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18
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He M, Zhang J, Li N, Chen L, He Y, Peng Z, Wang G. Synthesis, anti-browning effect and mechanism research of kojic acid-coumarin derivatives as anti-tyrosinase inhibitors. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101128. [PMID: 38292671 PMCID: PMC10826612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirteen kojic acid-coumarin derivatives were synthesized using the principle of molecular hybridization, and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. In vitro enzyme inhibition experiments showed that all newly synthesized derivatives have excellent inhibition of tyrosinase (TYR) activity. As a mixed inhibitor, compound 6f has the strongest activity, with an IC50 value of 0.88 ± 0.10 µM. Multispectral experiments have confirmed that the mode of action of compound 6f on TYR was static quenching. In addition, compound 6f formed a new complex with TYR, which increased the hydrophobicity of the enzyme microenvironment, reduced the content of the α-helix in the enzyme, and changed the secondary structure. The experimental results showed that compound 6f effectively inhibited the browning of lotus root slices and had low cytotoxicity. Therefore, compound 6f is believed to have great development potential as a TYR inhibitor in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Na Li
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan He
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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19
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Yagi S, Ulusan MD, Sinan KI, Caprioli G, Mustafa AM, Angeloni S, Ahıskalı M, Zengin G. HPLC-MS/MS Profiles, Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, Antidiabetic and Skin Protective Effects of Different Extracts of Vicia peregrina L. Collected from the Eastern Region of Turkey. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400040. [PMID: 38265183 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Many Vicia species (Fabaceae) were proven to possess bioactive compounds with potential health beneficial properties. The present study was designed to determine the phenolic constituents, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of aerial parts and seed of V. peregrina. Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared by maceration and aqueous extract by infusion. The chemical compositions of the extracts were determined using HPLC-MS/MS technology. The antioxidant activities were examined using various assays including free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing ability (CUPRAC and FRAP), metal chelation, and phosphomolybdenum. The enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase. The highest total phenolics and flavonoids contents were recorded in the methanol extracts of the seed (45.42 mg GAE/g) and aerial parts (40.33 mg RE/g) respectively. The aerial parts were characterized by higher accumulation of chlorogenic acid (9893.86 μg g-1 ), isoquercitrin (9400.33 μg g-1 ), delphindin 3,5 diglucoside (9113.28 μg g-1 ), hyperoside (6337.09 μg g-1 ), rutin (3489.83 μg g-1 ) and kaempferol-3-glucoside (2872.84 μg g-1 ). Generally, the methanol and aqueous extracts of the two studied parts exerted the best antioxidant activity with highest anti-DPPH (61.99 mg TE/g), anti-ABTS (101.80 mg TE/g) and Cu++ (16169 mg TE/g) and Fe+++ (172,36 mg TE/g) reducing capacity were recorded from the seed methanol extract. Methanol extract of the seed showed the best anti-tyrosinase activity (75.86 mg KAE/g). These results indicated that V. peregrina is rich with bioactive phenolics suggesting their use in different health promoting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Yagi
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Musa Denizhan Ulusan
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Engineering, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Mihriban Ahıskalı
- Deparment of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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20
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Xu Y, Liang X, Hyun CG. Isolation, Characterization, Genome Annotation, and Evaluation of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity in Secondary Metabolites of Paenibacillus sp. JNUCC32: A Comprehensive Analysis through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2213. [PMID: 38396889 PMCID: PMC10889091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A potential strain, Paenibacillus sp. JNUCC32, was isolated and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Genome functional annotation revealed its active metabolic capabilities. This study aimed to investigate the pivotal secondary metabolites in the biological system. Fermentation and extraction were performed, resulting in the isolation of seven known compounds: tryptophol (1), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (2), ferulic acid (3), maculosin (4), brevianamide F (5), indole-3-acetic acid (6), and butyric acid (7). Tryptophol exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties and demonstrated certain tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 999 μM). For further analysis of its inhibition mechanism through molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, tryptophol formed three hydrogen bonds and a pro-Michaelis complex with tyrosinase (binding energy = -5.3 kcal/mol). The MD simulation indicated favorable stability for the tryptophol-mushroom tyrosinase complex, primarily governed by hydrogen bond interactions. The crucial residues VAL-283 and HIS-263 in the docking were also validated. This study suggests tryptophol as a potential candidate for antibrowning agents and dermatological research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (Y.X.); (X.L.)
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21
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Khraisat LMAF, Sabuncuoğlu S, Girgin G, Unsal Tan O. Synthesis and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Novel Benzimidazole/Thiazolidin-4-one Hybrid Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301489. [PMID: 38149789 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel 3-(phenylamino)thiazolidin-4-one 2 a-d and 3-(phenyl)thiazolidin-4-one 3 a-g derivatives which are having benzimidazole moiety were synthesized and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity were investigated. The structures of the target compounds were elucidated using 1 H/13 C-NMR, IR and MS. The structure of 2 b was also characterized using HSQC NMR technique. Among the target compounds, 3 b-g demonstrated stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50 values for 3 b-g ranged from 80.93 to 119.20 μM), compared to the positive control kojic acid (IC50 : 125.08 μM). With IC50 value of 80.93 μM, 5-(2-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide 3 g was found to be the most active derivative of the series. Molecular docking studies were conducted to elucidate the binding interactions between compounds and tyrosinase. The MTT assay studies used to determine the cytotoxicity of 3 b-g showed that 3 c, 3 d, 3 f and 3 g were not cytotoxic in the range of 0-200 μM. Considering its tyrosinase inhibitory activity and cytotoxic effect, 3 g exhibits promising potential for further research and development as a novel tyrosinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Girgin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oya Unsal Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Pham TN, Cazier EA, Gormally E, Lawrence P. Valorization of biomass polyphenols as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103843. [PMID: 38000718 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinases (TYRs; EC 1.14.18.1) catalyze two sequential oxidative reactions of the melanin biosynthesis pathway and play an important role in mammalian pigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetables. Inhibition of TYR activity is therefore an attractive target for new drugs and/or food ingredients. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that TYR regulation could be a novel target for treatments of cancer and Parkinson's disease. Biomasses, notably industrial byproducts and biowaste, are good sustainable sources of phytochemicals that may be valorized into bioactive compounds including TYR inhibitors. This review presents potential applications of biomass-derived polyphenols targeting TYR inhibition. Insights into structure-activity relationships of several polyphenols and their glycosides are highlighted. Finally, some remarks and perspectives on research into new TYR inhibitors from biomass waste are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Nhat Pham
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Elisabeth A Cazier
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France; Nantes Université, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gormally
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Philip Lawrence
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
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23
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Beltran E, Serafini MR, Alves IA, Aragón Novoa DM. Novel Synthesized Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Patent Review (2012-Present). Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:308-335. [PMID: 36740802 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230203111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine is an enzyme responsible for melanin production. Its abnormal accumulation in different parts of the body is known as hyperpigmentation. Tyrosinase inhibitors have been used as one of the main approaches to treat these kinds of cosmetic and medical issues. This review aimed to discuss the advances in patents for this class of inhibitors, focusing on synthetic ones, by studying recent patent applications (2012-2022). We performed a screening using the European Patent Office's Espacenet database, from which 15 inventions were selected and fully studied. China has more patent applications, all of them were focused on synthetic methods and the majority declared at least two additional applications as antibrowning agents for fruits and vegetables, biological pesticides, and medicine to treat diseases like Parkinson's or melanoma. The strategies employed by the investigators focused on the examination of previous literature, which oriented on the type of structures that have been found to show good inhibitory activity; the study also examined aspects of their reaction mechanisms and information about the structureactivity relationship. For some groups of inhibitors, such as benzaldehyde and anthraquinone derivatives, the data were meaningful and extensive. In contrast, arginyl and troponoids compounds were difficult to analyze due to the limited research works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Beltran
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Izabel Almeida Alves
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Program of Postgraduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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24
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Ledwoń P, Goldeman W, Hałdys K, Jewgiński M, Calamai G, Rossowska J, Papini AM, Rovero P, Latajka R. Tripeptides conjugated with thiosemicarbazones: new inhibitors of tyrosinase for cosmeceutical use. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2193676. [PMID: 37146256 PMCID: PMC10165932 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2193676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of skin-care products is recently growing. Cosmetic formulas containing active ingredients with proven efficacy, namely cosmeceuticals, are based on various compounds, including peptides. Different whitening agents featuring anti-tyrosinase activity have been applied in the cosmeceutical field. Despite their availability, their applicability is often limited due to several drawbacks including toxicity, lack of stability, and other factors. In this work, we present the inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity of thiosemicarbazone (TSC)-peptide conjugates. Tripeptides FFY, FWY, and FYY were conjugated with three TSCs bearing one or two aromatic rings via amide bond formation in a solid phase. Compounds were then examined as tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitors in murine melanoma B16F0 cell line, followed by the cytotoxicity assays of these cells. In silico investigations explained the differences in the activity, observed among tested compounds. Mushroom tyrosinase was inhibited by TSC1-conjugates at micromolar level, with IC50 lower than this for kojic acid, a widely used reference compound. Up to now, this is the first report regarding thiosemicarbazones conjugated with tripeptides, synthesised for the purpose of tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Ledwoń
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hałdys
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Greta Calamai
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Joanna Rossowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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25
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Mermer A, Demirci S. Recent advances in triazoles as tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115655. [PMID: 37482020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosinase enzyme, which is widely found in microorganisms, animals and plants, has a significant position in melanogenesis, plays an important role in undesirable browning of fruits and vegetables, antibiotic resistance, skin pigment formation, sclerotization of cuticle, neurodegeneration, etc. Therefore, with the wide potential application fields of tyrosinase in food, agriculture, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, which has become the target enzyme for the development of therapeutic agents such as antibrowning, anticancer, antibacterial, skin whitening, insecticides, etc., a large number of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors have been widely reported in recent years. The triazole ring, which has a broad spectrum of biological action, is of increasing interest in the synthesis of new tyrosinase inhibitors. In this review, tyrosinase inhibition effects, structure-activity relationships, enzyme inhibition kinetics and mechanisms of action of 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were investigated. The data gathered is anticipated to supply rational guidance and an influential strategy for the development of novel, potent and safe tyrosinase inhibitors for better practical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mermer
- Experimental Medicine Application & Research Center, Validebağ Research Park, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkiye; Department of Biotechnology, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Serpil Demirci
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkiye
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26
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Çatıkkaş B, Karacan N. Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations of Ammi visnaga L. Constituents as Antimelanogenic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticoagulant Agents. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301184. [PMID: 37850550 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, anti-melanogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant potentials of eighteen selected constituents of Ammi visnaga L. were investigated by Induced Fit Docking (IFD) and molecular dynamic simulation with Schrödinger software. The binding free energies of the selected natural compounds were computed by means of ΔG MM-GBSA studies. Anti-melanogetic activity of the constituent against agaricus bisporus tyrosinase, Priestia megaterium tyrosinase and Homo sapiens tyrosinase were evaluated. The result showed that apiumetin had more negative binding free energy against three tyrosinase enzymes than cognate ligands, tropolone and kojic acid. Docking analysis was also performed to predict the constituents with anti-inflammatory activity against human Tumor necrosis factor, Cyclooxygenase-2, Prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase AKR1C3 and Prostaglandin reductase PTGR2. The results showed that pyranocoumarins (visnadin, dihydrosamidin, samidin) have more negative binding free energy against Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase receptors than cognate drugs, rofecoxib and indomethacin. In addition, docking analysis shows that pyranocoumarins, apiumetin and cimifugin have more negative binding free energy against Vitamin K epoxide reductase than S-warfarin drug, predicting that they have anticoagulant activity. Furthermore, the constituents and their cognate drugs were subjected to 100 ns MD Simulation to predict their stability at the active sites of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Çatıkkaş
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art and Science, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, TR-31000, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Karacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, TR-06560, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Alshaye NA, Mughal EU, Elkaeed EB, Ashraf Z, Kehili S, Nazir Y, Naeem N, Abdul Majeed N, Sadiq A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted aurone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors: in vitro, kinetic, QSAR, docking and drug-likeness studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8307-8322. [PMID: 36255179 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2132296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase enzyme plays an essential role in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. To discover potent tyrosinase inhibitors, the present studies were undertaken. In this context, synthetic aurone derivatives 26-50 were designed, synthesized, and structurally elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques including IR, UV, 1H- & 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The target compounds 26-50 were screened for their anti-tyrosinase inhibitory potential, and thus kinetic mechanism was analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots. All target compounds exhibited good to excellent IC50 values in the range of 7.12 ± 0.32 μM to 66.82 ± 2.44 μM. These synthesized aurone derivatives were found as potent tyrosinase inhibitors relative to the standard kojic acid (IC50 = 16.69 ± 2.81 μM) and the compound 39 inhibited tyrosinase non-competitively (Ki = 11.8 μM) by forming an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The binding modes of these molecules were ascribed through molecular docking studies against tyrosinase protein (PDB ID: 2Y9X). The quantitative structure-activity relationship studies displayed a good correlation between 26-50 structures and their anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50) with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9926. The computational studies were coherent with experimental results and these ligands exhibited good binding values against tyrosinase and interacted with core residues of target protein. Moreover, the drug-likeness analysis also showed that some compounds have a linear correlation with Lipinski's rule of five, indicating good drug-likeness and bioactivity scores for pharmacological targets.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Alshaye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Kehili
- Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
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28
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Abbasi MA, Raza H, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Muhammad S, Khan FM, Shah SAA, Al-Sehemi AG, Kim SJ. Synthesis and Computational Exploration of Morpholine Bearing Halogenated Sulfonamides as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300257. [PMID: 37578300 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In the presented work, a new series of three different 4-((3,5-dichloro-2-[(2/4-halobenzyl)oxy]phenyl)sulfonyl)morpholines was synthesized and the structure of these compounds were corroborated by 1 H-NMR & 13 C-NMR studies. The in vitro results established all the three compounds as potent tyrosinase inhibitors relative to the standard. The Kinetics mechanism plots established that compound 8 inhibited the enzyme non-competitively. The inhibition constants Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.0025 μM. Additionally, computational techniques were used to explore electronic structures of synthesized compounds. Fully optimized geometries were further docked with tyrosinase enzyme for inhibition studies. Reasonably good binding/interaction energies and intermolecular interactions were obtained. Finally, drug likeness was also predicted using the rule of five (RO5) and Chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics. It is anticipated that current experimental and computational investigations will evoke the scientific interest of the research community for the above-entitled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Mehmood Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, Republic of Korea
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29
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Li J, Min X, Zheng X, Wang S, Xu X, Peng J. Synthesis, Anti-Tyrosinase Activity, and Spectroscopic Inhibition Mechanism of Cinnamic Acid-Eugenol Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:5969. [PMID: 37630220 PMCID: PMC10460039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays crucial roles in mediating the production of melanin pigment; thus, its inhibitors could be useful in preventing melanin-related diseases. To find potential tyrosinase inhibitors, a series of cinnamic acid-eugenol esters (c1~c29) was synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and FT-IR, respectively. The biological evaluation results showed that all compounds c1~c29 exhibited definite tyrosinase inhibitory activity; especially, compound c27 was the strongest tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50: 3.07 ± 0.26 μM), being ~4.6-fold stronger than the positive control, kojic acid (IC50: 14.15 ± 0.46 μM). Inhibition kinetic studies validated compound c27 as a reversible mixed-type inhibitor against tyrosinase. Three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra results indicated that compound c27 could change the conformation and secondary structure of tyrosinase. Fluorescence-quenching results showed that compound c27 quenched tyrosinase fluorescence in the static manner with one binding site. Molecular docking results also revealed the binding interactions between compound c27 and tyrosinase. Therefore, cinnamic acid-eugenol esters, especially c27, could be used as lead compounds to find potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Min
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Jinbao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
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30
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Baber MA, Crist CM, Devolve NL, Patrone JD. Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:5762. [PMID: 37570734 PMCID: PMC10420840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its integral role in the biosynthesis of melanin in all kingdoms of life, tyrosinase has become an extremely important target for inhibition in several sectors of research including agricultural and cosmetic research. Inhibitors of tyrosinase have made it to the market in the cosmetics industry, but their use has been limited due to conflicting efficacy and potential toxicity, which has led to several small molecules being removed from the market. Undaunted, researchers have continued to pursue tyrosinase inhibitors with varying degrees of success. These pursuits have built an impressive and rich library of research. This review is intended to provide a perspective of the past twenty years (2003-2023) of research on tyrosinase inhibitors by highlighting exemplar molecules and developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason A. Baber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48209, USA;
| | - Cole M. Crist
- Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
| | - Noah L. Devolve
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
| | - James D. Patrone
- Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
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31
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Zargaham MK, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Ashraf Z, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Aufy M, Nadeem H. Synthesis, In Silico Studies, and Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Potential of 2-(Substituted Phenyl) Thiazolidine-4-Carboxamide Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:835. [PMID: 37375782 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic nuclei have shown a wide variety of biological activities, highlighting their importance in drug discovery. Derivatives of 2,4-subsituted thiazolidine have a structural similarity with the substrates of tyrosinase enzymes. Hence, they can be used as an inhibitor to compete against tyrosine in the biosynthesis of melanin. This study is focused on design, synthesis, biological activities, and in silico studies of thiazolidine derivatives substituted at positions 2 and 4. The synthesized compounds were evaluated to determine the antioxidant activity and tyrosine inhibitory potential using mushroom tyrosinase. The most potent tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor was compound 3c having IC50 value 16.5 ± 0.37 µM, whereas compound 3d showed maximum antioxidant activity in a DPPH free radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 18.17 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies were conducted using mushroom tyrosinase (PDB ID: 2Y9X) to analyze binding affinities and binding interactions of the protein-ligand complex. Docking results indicated that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were mainly involved in the ligand and protein complex. The highest binding affinity was found to be -8.4 Kcal/mol. These results suggest that thiazolidine-4-carboxamide derivatives could serve as lead molecules for development of novel potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kazim Zargaham
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 04405, Pakistan
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 43600, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44310, Pakistan
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 04405, Pakistan
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32
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Ge Z, Liu JC, Sun JA, Mao XZ. Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides from Enzyme Hydrolyzed Royal Jelly: Production, Separation, Identification and Docking Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112240. [PMID: 37297482 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is inextricably related to the development of Alzheimer's disease. The effects of natural tyrosinase inhibitors on human health have attracted widespread attention. This study aimed to isolate and analyze the tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitory peptides in the enzymatic digestion products of royal jelly. We first analyzed optimal process conditions for the enzymatic digestion of royal jelly by single-factor and orthogonal experiments and then used gel filtration chromatography to obtain five fractions (D1~D5) with molecular weights ranging from 600 to 1100 Da. LC-MS/MS was applied to identify the fractions with the highest activity, and the obtained peptides were screened and molecularly docked using AutoDock Vina. The results showed that the optimal enzymatic conditions for tyrosinase inhibition rate were acid protease, enzyme addition 10,000 U/g, initial pH 4, feed-to-liquid ratio 1:4, enzymatic temperature 55 °C, and enzymatic time 4 h. The D4 fraction had the most significant TYR inhibitory activity. The IC50 values of the three new peptides with the strongest TYR inhibitory activity, TIPPPT, IIPFIF, and ILFTLL, were obtained as 7.59 mg/mL, 6.16 mg/mL, and 9.25 mg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking results showed that aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids were more favorable to occupy the catalytic center of TYR. In conclusion, the new peptide extracted from royal jelly has the potential to be used as a natural TYR inhibitory peptide in food products with health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ge
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jun-Cai Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jian-An Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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33
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Wang G, He M, Huang Y, Peng Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new kojic acid-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids as tyrosinase inhibitors and their application in the anti-browning of fresh-cut mushrooms. Food Chem 2023; 409:135275. [PMID: 36586247 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the food industry, inhibition of tyrosinase activity is considered as one of the main means to prevent browning. Therefore, fourteen kojic acid-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids (5a-5n) were prepared and tested for their tyrosinase inhibitory effects. Among them, 5f (IC50 = 5.32 ± 0.58 μM) has the best anti-tyrosinase activity and was 9 times higher than that of kojic acid (IC50 = 49.77 ± 1.19 μM). Additionally, the inhibitory mechanism was studied by copper-chelating assay, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, fluorescence quenching, molecular docking, etc. The results had shown that 5f could not only bind to the copper ion in the active region of tyrosinase but also change the secondary structure of tyrosinase. Combined with the outstanding anti-browning effect and low cytotoxicity of 5f, it is concluded that these title derivatives could be used as the leading molecules in the development of new anti-browning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Teaching and Research Section of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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34
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Vittorio S, Dank C, Ielo L. Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109097. [PMID: 37240442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme which is widely distributed in nature (e.g., bacteria, mammals, fungi) and involved in two consecutive steps of melanin biosynthesis. In humans, an excessive production of melanin can determine hyperpigmentation disorders as well as neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's disease. The development of molecules able to inhibit the high activity of the enzyme remain a current topic in medicinal chemistry, because the inhibitors reported so far present several side effects. Heterocycle-bearing molecules are largely diffuse in this sense. Due to their importance as biologically active compounds, we decided to report a comprehensive review of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors possessing heterocyclic moieties reported within the last five years. For the reader's convenience, we classified them as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase (Agaricus bisporus) and human tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Dank
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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35
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Liu L, Yao D, Chen Z, Duan S. A comprehensive signature based on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in melanoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8232. [PMID: 37217516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is considered as one of the most invasion types of skin cancer with high mortality rates. Although combination of immune checkpoint therapy with local surgical excision provide a novel promising therapeutic strategies, the overall prognosis of melanoma patients remains unsatisfactory. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a process of protein misfolding and undue accumulation, has been proven to play an indispensable regulatory role in tumor progression and tumor immunity. However, whether the signature based ER genes has predictive value for the prognosis and immunotherapy of melanoma has not been systematically manifested. In this study, the LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression were applied to construct a novel signature for predicting melanoma prognosis both in the training and testing set. Intriguingly, we found that patients endowed with high- and low-risk scores displayed differences in clinicopathologic classification, immune cell infiltration level, tumor microenvironment, and immune checkpoint treatment response. Subsequently, based on molecular biology experiments, we validated that silencing the expression of RAC1, an ERG composed of the risk signature, could restrain the proliferation and migration, promote apoptosis, as well as increase the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 in melanoma cells. Taken together, the risk signature was regarded as promising predictors for melanoma prognosis and might provide prospective strategies to ameliorate patients' response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Enshi Prefecture Ethnic Hospital, 178 Hangkong Avenue, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dilang Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Enshi Prefecture Ethnic Hospital, 178 Hangkong Avenue, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Enshi Prefecture Ethnic Hospital, 178 Hangkong Avenue, Enshi, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shidong Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Enshi Prefecture Ethnic Hospital, 178 Hangkong Avenue, Enshi, Hubei Province, China.
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36
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Al-Rooqi M, Sadiq A, Obaid RJ, Ashraf Z, Nazir Y, Jassas RS, Naeem N, Alsharif MA, Shah SWA, Moussa Z, Mughal EU, Farghaly AR, Ahmed SA. Evaluation of 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine Derivatives as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17195-17208. [PMID: 37214694 PMCID: PMC10193543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazepines are pharmacologically active compounds, frequently utilized as a precursor for acquiring versatile molecules with several bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), analgesic, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antitubercular. In this study, the 2,4-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine scaffold was selected for their in vitro, docking, and druglikeness studies to evaluate their inhibitory potential against mushroom tyrosinase. All synthesized analogues, 1-14, exhibited moderate to good IC50 values ranging from 1.21 to 70.65 μM. The synthesized benzothiazepine derivatives were potent tyrosinase inhibitors, which outperformed the reference kojic acid (IC50 = 16.69 μM). The kinetic analysis revealed that compound 2 (2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(p-tolyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]thiazepine) was a mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.01 μM. Molecular modeling studies against tyrosinase protein (PDB ID: 2Y9X) were conducted to recognize the binding modes of these analogues. The utilization of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations enabled the assessment of the protein-ligand complex's dynamic behavior, stability, and binding affinity for the compounds. These simulations ultimately led to the identification of compound 2 as a potential inhibitor of tyrosinase. Additionally, a druglikeness study was conducted, which supported the promising potential of the new analogues as novel antityrosinase agents. The in silico studies were consistent with the in vitro results, showing that these ligands had good binding scores against tyrosinase and interacted with the core residues of the target protein. Gaussian 09 was used for the geometry optimization of all complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah
M. Al-Rooqi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Rami J. Obaid
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Rabab S. Jassas
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Meshari A. Alsharif
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Wadud Ali Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Abdel-Rahman Farghaly
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan
University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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37
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Peng Z, Wang G, Wang JJ, Zhao Y. Anti-browning and antibacterial dual functions of novel hydroxypyranone-thiosemicarbazone derivatives as shrimp preservative agents: Synthesis, bio-evaluation, mechanism, and application. Food Chem 2023; 419:136106. [PMID: 37030204 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
To develop new shrimp preservative agents with dual functions of anti-browning and antibacterial, thirteen hydroxypyranone-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were prepared according to molecular hybridization. Thereinto, compound 7j (IC50 = 1.99 ± 0.19 μM) shown the strongest anti-tyrosinase activity and was about twenty-three folds stronger than kojic acid (45.73 ± 4.03 μM). The anti-tyrosinase mechanism of 7j was illustrated through enzyme kinetic, copper ion chelating ability, fluorescence quenching, ultraviolet spectrum, AFM analysis, and molecular docking study. On the other hand, antibacterial assay and time-kill kinetics analysis confirmed that 7j also had good antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus (MIC = 0.13 mM). PI uptake test, SDS-PAGE, and fluorescence spectrometry analysis proved that 7j can affect the bacterial cell membrane. Finally, the shrimp preservation and safety study indicated that 7j has dual effects of inhibiting bacterial growth and preventing enzyme browning, and can be applied to the preservation of fresh shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Peng
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 55004, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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38
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Manh Khoa N, Viet Phong N, Yang SY, Min BS, Kim JA. Spectroscopic analysis, kinetic mechanism, computational docking, and molecular dynamics of active metabolites from the aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceusBunge as tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106464. [PMID: 36921361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
A new isoflavane derivative (2), a new natural isoflavane (6), four new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins (23, 25, 28, and 29), and twenty three known secondary metabolites (1, 3-5, 7-22, 24, 26, and 27) were isolated from the aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis and compared with those identified in previous studies. Tyrosinase inhibition ability of isolated compounds (1-29) was evaluated. Of these, compounds 3, 4, 6, and 14 exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 24.6 to 59.2 μM. According to kinetic analysis, compounds 3 and 4 were non-competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, whereas compounds 6 and 14 inhibited tyrosinase in uncompetitive and competitive modes, respectively. Molecular docking analysis identified that compounds 3, 4, and 6 could bind to allosteric sites and compound 14 could bind to the catalytic site of tyrosinase, which is consistent with the results of kinetic studies. Molecular dynamics behaviors of the active compounds in complex with tyrosinase were investigated via 60 ns simulation which demonstrated their high stability. These findings indicate that the aerial parts of A. membranaceus are a potential source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Khoa
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Song J, Yu J, Sun K, Chen Z, Xing X, Yang Y, Sun C, Wang Z. A high quantum yield xanthene-based fluorescent probe for the specific detection of tyrosinase and cell imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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40
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Dai Q, Qi Z, Yan Z, Yu B, Li J, Ge B, He H, Huang F, Wang X. A Blue/NIR ratiometric fluorescent probe for intracellular detection of Tyrosinase and the inhibitor screening. Talanta 2023; 254:124175. [PMID: 36527911 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescent tyrosinase assay is developed based on hybrid nano-assembly of gold nanocluster and tyrosine-containing peptides. The AuNCs@YCY nano-probe (AYNP) is fabricated through the hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking between the tyrosine residues of the Tyr-Cys-Tyr tripeptide (YCY) and the ligands on the surfaces of AuNCs under the near-isoelectric pH value. The resulted AYNP shows distinct fluorescence responses, spontaneous turn-on of the blue emission and turn-off of the near-infrared emission, with a single wavelength excitation. It is demonstrated that the enhancement and quenching are due to the production of pheomelanin and dopaquinone structures, respectively, induced by tyrosinase oxidation. The internal referencing system provides the tyrosinase assay with superior sensitivity and a detection limit as low as 6.3 U L-1 could be achieved. The experimental results also demonstrate the excellent selectivity, good photo-stability, and both in vitro and cellular applications of AYNP. This assay technique is low-cost, easy to prepare, and shows excellent potential as a novel melanoma clinical diagnostic platform and a tyrosinase inhibitor screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Zichun Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Biao Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jingqiu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hua He
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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41
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Hosseini Nasab N, Raza H, Eom YS, Hassan M, Kloczkowski A, Kim SJ. Synthesis and discovery of potential tyrosinase inhibitor of new coumarin-based thiophenyl-pyrazolylthiazole nuclei: In vitro evaluation, cytotoxicity, kinetic, and computational studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:1262-1272. [PMID: 36746678 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A well-known key enzyme in melanogenesis and hyperpigmentation is tyrosinase. The present study introduces a novel series of thiophenyl-pyrazolylthiazole-coumarin hybrids (6a-6h) as tyrosinase inhibitors. The in-vitro tyrosinase inhibition results indicated that all compounds have strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, particularly compound 6g (IC50 = 0.043 ± 0.006 μM), was identified as the most active compound compared to the positive control (kojic acid, IC50 = 18.521 ± 1.162 μM). Lineweaver-Burk plots were employed to analyze the kinetic mechanism, and compound 6g formed an enzyme-inhibitor complex by inhibiting tyrosinase non-competitively. Furthermore, all compounds demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity against DPPH. MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxicity of all compounds on B16F10 melanoma cells, and they had no toxic effect on the cells. The binding affinity of compounds with tyrosinase was also investigated using molecular docking, and the ligands displayed good binding energy values. These molecules could be a promising lead for skin pigmentation and associated diseases as nontoxic pharmacological scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hosseini Nasab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
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Carcelli M, Compari C, Fisicaro E, Incerti M, Miglioli F, Peracchia E, Pertinhez TA, Rogolino D, Ronda N, Gentili S, Tegoni M. A potentiometric and spectrofluorimetric approach to unravel inhibitory effects of semi- and thiosemicarbazones on mushroom tyrosinase activity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:17-27. [PMID: 36459222 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects on mushrooms tyrosinase activity of some semi- and thiosemicarbazones were investigated. While the semicarbazones are inactive, the thiosemicarbazones are, in general, more active than the reference (kojic acid, IC50 = 70 μM), with maximum activity obtained with benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (IC50 = 7 μM). These inhibitors probably act by coordination of the copper(II) metal ions in the active site of tyrosinase: effectively, potentiometric studies conducted in water solutions confirm that the most active thiosemicarbazone is a good ligand for copper(II) ions. The tyrosinase CD spectra do not show any significant difference by addition of an inhibitor or an inactive compound. On the contrary, interesting results were obtained by spectrofluorimetric titrations of mushrooms tyrosinase aqueous solutions with some of the investigated compounds, giving helpful information about possible mechanism of action. The thiosemicarbazones here reported are not cytotoxic on human fibroblasts and do not activate cells in a pro-inflammatory way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carcelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - C Compari
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - E Fisicaro
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - M Incerti
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - F Miglioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - E Peracchia
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - T A Pertinhez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - D Rogolino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - N Ronda
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - S Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - M Tegoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Peng Z, Wang G, He Y, Wang JJ, Zhao Y. Tyrosinase inhibitory mechanism and anti-browning properties of novel kojic acid derivatives bearing aromatic aldehyde moiety. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100421. [PMID: 36605465 PMCID: PMC9807860 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid-aromatic aldehydes 6a-6m were synthesized and screened for their anti-tyrosinase activities. These compounds showed potently anti-tyrosinase activity with IC50 values in the range of 5.32 ± 0.23 to 77.89 ± 3.36 μM compared with kojic acid (IC50 = 48.05 ± 3.28 μM). Thereinto, compound 6j with 3-fluorine and 4-aldehyde substitutions showed the most potent anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 5.32 ± 0.23 μM). Enzyme kinetic study revealed that 6j is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Ki = 2.73 μM). The action mechanism of 6j was evaluated by fluorescence spectrum quenching, molecular docking, 1H NMR titration, etc. The anti-browning assay showed that 6j could delay the enzymatic browning of fresh-cut apples. Besides, the cell viability assay proved that 6j had a good safety profile as an anti-browning agent. Hence, these results identify a new class of anti-tyrosinase and anti-browning agents for further investigation in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Peng
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan He
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
- Corresponding author. College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Corresponding author.
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Zhang J, Lei J, Liu Z, Chu Z, Jin W. Nanomaterial-based electrochemical enzymatic biosensors for recognizing phenolic compounds in aqueous effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113858. [PMID: 35952740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of industrial society, phenolic pollutants already identified in water are severe threats to human health. Traditional detection techniques like chromatography are poor in the ability of cost-effectiveness and on-site detection. In recent years, electrochemical enzymatic biosensors have attracted increasing attention for use in the recognition of phenolic compounds, which is considered an effective strategy for the product transfer of portable analytical devices. Although electrochemical enzymatic biosensors provide a fast, accurate on-site detection technique, the difficulties of enzyme deactivation, poor stability and low sensitivity remain to be solved. Thus, effective immobilization methods of enzymes and nanomaterials with excellent properties have been extensively researched to obtain a high-sensitivity and high-stability biosensing platform. Simultaneous detection of multiple phenols may become the focus of further research. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress toward electrochemical enzymatic biosensors for the detection of phenolic compounds, including enzyme immobilization approaches and advanced nanomaterials, especially nanocomposites with attractive properties such as good conductivity, high specific surface area, and porous structure. We will comprehensively discuss the features and mechanisms of the main enzymes adopted in the construction of different phenolic biosensors, as well as traditional methods (e.g., adsorption, covalent bonding, entrapment, encapsulation, cross-linking) of enzyme immobilization. The most effective method is based on the properties of enzymes, supports and application objective because there is no one-size-fits-all method of enzymatic immobilization. The emphasis will be given to various advanced nanomaterials, including their special nanostructures, preparation methods and performance. Finally, the main challenges in future research on electrochemical phenolic biosensors will be discussed to provide further perspectives for practical applications in dynamic and on-site monitoring. We believe this review will deliver an important inspiration for the construction of novel and high-performance electrochemical biosensors from enzyme selection to nanomaterial design for the detection of various hazardous materials. We believe this review will deliver an important inspiration on the construction of novel and high-performance electrochemical biosensors from the enzyme selection to the nanomaterial design for detections of various hazardous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Jing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Zhengkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
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45
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Xue W, Liu X, Zhao W, Yu Z. Identification and molecular mechanism of novel tyrosinase inhibitory peptides from collagen. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2744-2756. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou P.R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou P.R. China
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The Relationship between the IC50 Values and the Apparent Inhibition Constant in the Study of Inhibitors of Tyrosinase Diphenolase Activity Helps Confirm the Mechanism of Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103141. [PMID: 35630619 PMCID: PMC9142954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the enzyme involved in melanization and is also responsible for the browning of fruits and vegetables. Control of its activity can be carried out using inhibitors, which is interesting in terms of quantitatively understanding the action of these regulators. In the study of the inhibition of the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, it is intriguing to know the strength and type of inhibition. The strength is indicated by the value of the inhibition constant(s), and the type can be, in a first approximation: competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive and mixed. In this work, it is proposed to calculate the degree of inhibition (iD), varying the concentration of inhibitor to a fixed concentration of substrate, L-dopa (D). The non-linear regression adjustment of iD with respect to the initial inhibitor concentration [I]0 allows for the calculation of the inhibitor concentration necessary to inhibit the activity by 50%, at a given substrate concentration (IC50), thus avoiding making interpolations between different values of iD. The analytical expression of the IC50, for the different types of inhibition, are related to the apparent inhibition constant (KIapp). Therefore, this parameter can be used: (a) To classify a series of inhibitors of an enzyme by their power. Determining these values at a fixed substrate concentration, the lower IC50, the more potent the inhibitor. (b) Checking an inhibitor for which the type and the inhibition constant have been determined (using the usual methods), must confirm the IC50 value according to the corresponding analytical expression. (c) The type and strength of an inhibitor can be analysed from the study of the variation in iD and IC50 with substrate concentration. The dependence of IC50 on the substrate concentration allows us to distinguish between non-competitive inhibition (iD does not depend on [D]0) and the rest. In the case of competitive inhibition, this dependence of iD on [D]0 leads to an ambiguity between competitive inhibition and type 1 mixed inhibition. This is solved by adjusting the data to the possible equations; in the case of a competitive inhibitor, the calculation of KI1app is carried out from the IC50 expression. The same occurs with uncompetitive inhibition and type 2 mixed inhibition. The representation of iD vs. n, with n=[D]0/KmD, allows us to distinguish between them. A hyperbolic iD vs. n representation that passes through the origin of coordinates is a characteristic of uncompetitive inhibition; the calculation of KI2app is immediate from the IC50 value. In the case of mixed inhibitors, the values of the apparent inhibition constant of meta-tyrosinase (Em) and oxy-tyrosinase (Eox), KI1app and the apparent inhibition constant of metatyrosinase/Dopa complexes (EmD) and oxytyrosinase/Dopa (EoxD), KI2app are obtained from the dependence of iD vs. n, and the results obtained must comply with the IC50 value.
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Vaezi M. Structure and inhibition mechanism of some synthetic compounds and phenolic derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: review and new insight. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35510568 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2069157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Safety concerns are the primary consideration to identify and detection of enzyme inhibitors. In this regard, safe and potent tyrosinase inhibitors play important role in enhancing nutritional quality, health promotion and also prevent further damages. The present review focuses on the recent and efficient tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from both synthetic sources and synthesized phenolic compounds, including flavonoid, carvacrol, thymol, cinnamic acid and resorcinol derivatives. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was analyzed according to chemical structure, IC50, Ki and their binding energy. Further, inhibition mechanism and the biological effects of some these inhibitors with potential application in food, agricultural, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries were briefly discussed. Molecular docking procedure was performed on some derivatives and demonstrated favorable binding affinity with amino acid residues of mushroom tyrosinase (PDB ID: 2Y9X). The information offered showed that the substitution pattern of hydroxyl groups at the phenyl ring is an important factor of tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The results confirmed that understanding structural modification of inhibitors is a key role in finding novel and efficacious tyrosinase inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Vaezi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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48
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Shining the spotlight on NMR metabolic profiling and bioactivities of different solvent extracts of Piliostigma thonningii. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Martínková L, Křístková B, Křen V. Laccases and Tyrosinases in Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3462. [PMID: 35408822 PMCID: PMC8998183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (Lac) and tyrosinases (TYR) are mild oxidants with a great potential in research and industry. In this work, we review recent advances in their use in organic synthesis. We summarize recent examples of Lac-catalyzed oxidation, homocoupling and heterocoupling, and TYR-catalyzed ortho-hydroxylation of phenols. We highlight the combination of Lac and TYR with other enzymes or chemical catalysts. We also point out the biological and pharmaceutical potential of the products, such as dimers of piceid, lignols, isorhamnetin, rutin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxychalcones, thiols, hybrid antibiotics, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, pyrimidine derivatives, hydroxytyrosols, alkylcatechols, halocatechols, or dihydrocaffeoyl esters, etc. These products include radical scavengers; antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor compounds; and building blocks for bioactive compounds and drugs. We summarize the available enzyme sources and discuss the scalability of their use in organic synthesis. In conclusion, we assume that the intensive use of laccases and tyrosinases in organic synthesis will yield new bioactive compounds and, in the long-term, reduce the environmental impact of industrial organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
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50
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Flavone-based hydrazones as new tyrosinase inhibitors: Synthetic imines with emerging biological potential, SAR, molecular docking and drug-likeness studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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