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Troise D, Infante B, Mercuri S, Catalano V, Ranieri E, Stallone G. Dendritic Cells: A Bridge between Tolerance Induction and Cancer Development in Transplantation Setting. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1240. [PMID: 38927447 PMCID: PMC11200833 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting cells crucial for fostering allograft tolerance while simultaneously supporting host defense against infections and cancer. Within the tumor microenvironment, DCs can either mount an immune response against cancer cells or foster immunotolerance, presenting a dual role. In immunocompromised individuals, posttransplant malignancies pose a significant health concern, with DCs serving as vital players in immune responses against cancer cells. Both recipient- and donor-derived DCs play a critical role in the rejection process, infiltrating the transplanted organ and sustaining T-cell responses. The use of immunosuppressive drugs represents the predominant approach to control this immunological barrier in transplanted organs. Evidence has shed light on the immunopharmacology of these drugs and novel strategies for manipulating DCs to promote allograft survival. Therefore, comprehending the mechanisms underlying this intricate microenvironment and the effects of immunosuppressive therapy on DCs is crucial for developing targeted therapies to reduce graft failure rates. This review will delve into the fundamental immunobiology of DCs and provide a detailed exploration of their clinical significance concerning alloimmune responses and posttransplant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Troise
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Infante
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Mercuri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Valeria Catalano
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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2
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Pan C, Ma X, Yao Y, Wang C. EBV-Positive Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Small Intestine: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:586-593. [PMID: 37431259 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231183637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare lymphoma that affects the brain, skin, and bone marrow. We describe the case of a 75-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital after 4 h of stomach aches. A thorough physical examination indicated stomach discomfort and skin discoloration. Laboratory tests revealed thrombocytopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed that the small intestine wall was thickened, edematous, and necrotic. The necrotic small bowel was surgically removed, revealing many little round, homogenous, and unusual cells in the mesenteric vein. In-situ hybridization revealed that these cells were positive for PAX5, CD20, CD79a, CD10, and BCL2, as well as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA. After 1 week of hospitalization without treatment, the patient was diagnosed with IVLBCL and died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. IVLBCL is a rare illness that affects the small intestine and possibly the gastrointestinal system. It has an insidious start, a fast development, and a dismal prognosis. Knowing its clinicopathologic traits helps in understanding the illness, making an early diagnosis, and preventing rapid worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Pan
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yanfei Yao
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, China
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Wistinghausen B, Toner K, Barkauskas DA, Jerkins LP, Kinoshita H, Chansky P, Pezzella G, Saguilig L, Hayashi RJ, Abhyankar H, Scull B, Karri V, Tanna J, Hanley P, Hermiston ML, Allen CE, Bollard CM. Durable immunity to EBV after rituximab and third-party LMP-specific T cells: a Children's Oncology Group study. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1116-1127. [PMID: 38163318 PMCID: PMC10909726 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected (EBV+) B cells due to decreased immune function. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, clinical and immunobiological outcomes in pediatric SOT recipients with PTLD treated with rituximab and third-party latent membrane protein-specific T cells (LMP-TCs). Newly diagnosed (ND) patients without complete response to rituximab and all patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease received LMP-TCs. Suitable LMP-TC products were available for all eligible subjects. Thirteen of 15 patients who received LMP-TCs were treated within the prescribed 14-day time frame. LMP-TC therapy was generally well tolerated. Notable adverse events included 3 episodes of rejection in cardiac transplant recipients during LMP-TC therapy attributed to subtherapeutic immunosuppression and 1 episode of grade 3 cytokine release syndrome. Clinical outcomes were associated with disease severity. Overall response rate (ORR) after LMP-TC cycle 1 was 70% (7/10) for the ND cohort and 20% (1/5) for the R/R cohort. For all cohorts combined, the best ORR for LMP-TC cycles 1 and 2 was 53% and the 2-year overall survival was 70.7%. vβT-cell receptor sequencing showed persistence of adoptively transferred third-party LMP-TCs for up to 8 months in the ND cohort. This study establishes the feasibility of administering novel T-cell therapies in a cooperative group clinical trial and demonstrates the potential for positive outcomes without chemotherapy for ND patients with PTLD. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02900976 and at the Children's Oncology Group as ANHL1522.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Wistinghausen
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Keri Toner
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Children’s Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, Monrovia, CA
| | - Lauren P Jerkins
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Hannah Kinoshita
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pamela Chansky
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Gloria Pezzella
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Lauren Saguilig
- Children’s Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, Monrovia, CA
| | - Robert J. Hayashi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO
| | - Harshal Abhyankar
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brooks Scull
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jay Tanna
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Patrick Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Michelle L. Hermiston
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carl E. Allen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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4
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Wang C, Zhao B. Epstein-Barr virus and host cell 3D genome organization. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29234. [PMID: 37988227 PMCID: PMC10664867 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The human genome is organized in an extremely complexed yet ordered way within the nucleus. Genome organization plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Viruses manipulate the host machinery to influence host genome organization to favor their survival and promote disease development. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common human virus, whose infection is associated with various diseases, including infectious mononucleosis, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how EBV uses different strategies to control the cellular 3D genome organization to affect cell gene expression to transform normal cells into lymphoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cho J, Kim E, Yoon SE, Kim SJ, Kim WS. TET2 and LILRB1 mutations are frequent in Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma especially in elderly patients. Cancer 2023; 129:1502-1512. [PMID: 36812290 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) harboring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primarily occurs in patients who have underlying immunodeficiency or in elderly patients but is also reported in young, immunocompetent patients. The authors investigated the pathologic differences in EBV-positive DLBCL in these three groups of patients. METHODS In total, 57 patients with EBV-positive DLBCL were included in the study; of these, 16 patients had associated immunodeficiency, 10 were young (younger than 50 years), and 31 were elderly (aged 50 years or older). Immunostaining for CD8, CD68, PD-L1, and EBV nuclear antigen 2, and panel-based next-generation sequencing was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed EBV nuclear antigen 2 positivity in 21 of the 49 patients. The degree of CD8-positive and CD68-positive immune cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression did not differ significantly in each group. Extranodal site involvement was more common in young patients (p = .021). In mutational analysis, the genes with the highest mutation frequency were PCLO (n = 14), TET2 (n = 10), and LILRB1 (n = 10). For the TET2 gene, all 10 mutations were found in elderly patients (p = .007). Compared with a validation cohort, both TET2 and LILRB1 showed a higher mutation frequency in EBV-positive patients than in EBV-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS EBV-positive DLBCL occurring in three different age and immune status groups showed similar pathologic characteristics. Notably, a high frequency of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations was characteristic of this disease in elderly patients. Further studies are needed to determine the role of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations in the development of EBV-positive DLBCL along with immune senescence. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurring in three different groups (immunodeficiency-associated, young, and elderly) showed similar pathologic characteristics. The frequency of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations was high in elderly patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Yoon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Stelzl E, Kessler HH, Parulekar AD, Bier C, Nörz D, Schneider T, Kumar S, Simon CO, Lütgehetmann M. Comparison of four commercial EBV DNA quantitative tests to a new test at an early stage of development. J Clin Virol 2023; 161:105400. [PMID: 36796282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular screening for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA using quantitative RT-PCR is recommended for early intervention in at-risk patients. Harmonization of quantitative RT-PCR assays is critical to avoid misinterpretation of results. Here, we compare quantitative results of the cobas® EBV assay to four commercial RT-qPCR assays. METHODS The cobas EBV, EBV R-Gene, artus EBV RG PCR, RealStar EBV PCR kit 2.0 and Abbott EBV RealTime assays were compared for analytic performance using a 10-fold dilution series of EBV reference material, normalized to the WHO standard. For clinical performance, their quantitative results were compared using anonymized, leftover EBV-DNA-positive EDTA plasma samples. RESULTS For analytic accuracy, the cobas EBV deviated -0.0097 log10 from target values. The other tests showed deviations between 0.0037 and -0.12 log10. For clinical performance, accuracy and linearity of cobas EBV data from both study sites were excellent. Bland-Altman bias and Deming regression analyses showed statistical correlation for cobas EBV to both EBV R-Gene and Abbott RealTime assays but an offset of cobas EBV to artus EBV RG PCR and RealStar EBV PCR kit 2.0. CONCLUSION The cobas EBV showed the closest correlation to the reference material, followed closely by EBV R-Gene and Abbott EBV RealTime. Values obtained are stated in IU/mL, facilitating comparison across testing sites and potentially improving utilization of guidelines for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Stelzl
- Research Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Harald H Kessler
- Research Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria.
| | | | - Carolin Bier
- Roche Diagnostics International AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Nörz
- University Hospital Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Suchitra Kumar
- Roche Diagnostics International AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- University Hospital Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Hamburg, Germany
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Kuan J, Masir N. A case report of synchronous primary gastric hodgkin lymphoma and lung adenocarcinoma and literature review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED HEMATOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/joah.joah_100_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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8
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Tippabhatla A, Atalay RT, Gyftopoulos A, Ayele GM, Michael MB. Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Not Otherwise Specified (EBV+ NOS) Lymphoma Presentation of Primary Bone Tumor Underlying a Pathological Fracture. Cureus 2022; 14:e26340. [PMID: 35903563 PMCID: PMC9322079 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Asleh R, Alnsasra H, Habermann TM, Briasoulis A, Kushwaha SS. Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Cardiac Transplantation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:787975. [PMID: 35282339 PMCID: PMC8904724 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.787975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a spectrum of lymphoid conditions frequently associated with the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and the use of potent immunosuppressive drugs after solid organ transplantation. PTLD remains a major cause of long-term morbidity and mortality following heart transplantation (HT). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a key pathogenic driver in many PTLD cases. In the majority of PTLD cases, the proliferating immune cell is the B-cell, and the impaired T-cell immune surveillance against infected B cells in immunosuppressed transplant patients plays a key role in the pathogenesis of EBV-positive PTLD. Preventive screening strategies have been attempted for PTLD including limiting patient exposure to aggressive immunosuppressive regimens by tailoring or minimizing immunosuppression while preserving graft function, anti-viral prophylaxis, routine EBV monitoring, and avoidance of EBV seromismatch. Our group has also demonstrated that conversion from calcineurin inhibitor to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, sirolimus, as a primary immunosuppression was associated with a decreased risk of PTLD following HT. The main therapeutic measures consist of immunosuppression reduction, treatment with rituximab and use of immunochemotherapy regimens. The purpose of this article is to review the potential mechanisms underlying PTLD pathogenesis, discuss recent advances, and review potential therapeutic targets to decrease the burden of PTLD after HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Asleh
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hilmi Alnsasra
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Thomas M. Habermann
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sudhir S. Kushwaha
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Sudhir S. Kushwaha
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EBV+ lymphoproliferative diseases: opportunities for leveraging EBV as a therapeutic target. Blood 2022; 139:983-994. [PMID: 34437680 PMCID: PMC8854679 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human tumor virus, which contributes to the development of lymphoproliferative disease, most notably in patients with impaired immunity. EBV-associated lymphoproliferation is characterized by expression of latent EBV proteins and ranges in severity from a relatively benign proliferative response to aggressive malignant lymphomas. The presence of EBV can also serve as a unique target for directed therapies for the treatment of EBV lymphoproliferative diseases, including T cell-based immune therapies. In this review, we describe the EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases and particularly focus on the therapies that target EBV.
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Ghannem A, Aounallah A, Ghannouchi M, Karim N, Ben Khalifa M, Boudokhan M, Nihed A, Badreddine S, Belajouza C, Denguezli M. Primary cutaneous natural killer/T-cell lymphoma presenting as sacrococcygeal and perianal ulcers. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 49:925-928. [PMID: 34897766 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azza Ghannem
- Department of Dermatology, Farhat Hached UHC Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amina Aounallah
- Department of Dermatology, Farhat Hached UHC Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mossab Ghannouchi
- Department of General Surgery, Tahar Sfar UHC Mahdia, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Nacef Karim
- Department of General Surgery, Tahar Sfar UHC Mahdia, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | | | - Moez Boudokhan
- Department of General Surgery, Tahar Sfar UHC Mahdia, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | | | - Sriha Badreddine
- Department of Pathology, Farhat Hached UHC Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Denguezli
- Department of Dermatology, Farhat Hached UHC Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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12
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The Modes of Dysregulation of the Proto-Oncogene T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 1A. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215455. [PMID: 34771618 PMCID: PMC8582492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A (TCL1A) is a proto-oncogene that is mainly expressed in embryonic and fetal tissues, as well as in some lymphatic cells. It is frequently overexpressed in a variety of T- and B-cell lymphomas and in some solid tumors. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-prolymphocytic leukemia, TCL1A has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these conditions, and high-level TCL1A expression correlates with more aggressive disease characteristics and poorer patient survival. Despite the modes of TCL1A (dys)regulation still being incompletely understood, there are recent advances in understanding its (post)transcriptional regulation. This review summarizes the current concepts of TCL1A’s multi-faceted modes of regulation. Understanding how TCL1A is deregulated and how this can lead to tumor initiation and sustenance can help in future approaches to interfere in its oncogenic actions. Abstract Incomplete biological concepts in lymphoid neoplasms still dictate to a large extent the limited availability of efficient targeted treatments, which entertains the mostly unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Aberrant expression of the embryonal and lymphatic TCL1 family of oncogenes, i.e., the paradigmatic TCL1A, but also TML1 or MTCP1, is causally implicated in T- and B-lymphocyte transformation. TCL1A also carries prognostic information in these particular T-cell and B-cell tumors. More recently, the TCL1A oncogene has been observed also in epithelial tumors as part of oncofetal stemness signatures. Although the concepts on the modes of TCL1A dysregulation in lymphatic neoplasms and solid tumors are still incomplete, there are recent advances in defining the mechanisms of its (de)regulation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of TCL1A expression in tumors and the current understanding of its (dys)regulation via genomic aberrations, epigenetic modifications, or deregulation of TCL1A-targeting micro RNAs. We also summarize triggers that act through such transcriptional and translational regulation, i.e., altered signals by the tumor microenvironment. A refined mechanistic understanding of these modes of dysregulations together with improved concepts of TCL1A-associated malignant transformation can benefit future approaches to specifically interfere in TCL1A-initiated or -driven tumorigenesis.
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Kawaharada M, Maruyama S, Abé T, Yamazaki M, Kurokawa A, Katagiri W, Takagi R, Hayashi T, Kobayashi T, Tanuma JI. Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in the oral cavity: a clinicopathologic study of 4 cases and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:687-697. [PMID: 34511340 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OI-LPD) have been reported as one of the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of OI-LPD in the oral cavity. STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was performed to describe the immunohistochemical features in our 4 cases. The results were analyzed along with 62 cases of oral OI-LPD in the English and Japanese literature to define clinical and pathologic characteristic features. RESULTS In our immunohistochemical analysis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive OI-LPD showed a higher percentage of mouse double minute 2-positive cells than EBV-negative samples. A literature survey revealed that OI-LPD (including the present cases) arises primarily in the gingiva, followed by the tongue, and usually occurs with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.9. The rate of EBV positivity was 93.8%. Further, 31 of 66 patients had osteonecrosis of the jaw and 24 of 31 patients had taken multiple immunosuppressive drugs in combination. CONCLUSIONS We can therefore conclude that the overexpression of mouse double minute 2 in OI-LPD is associated with EBV infection, and the combination of multiple immunosuppressive drugs may be a risk factor for osteonecrosis of the jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kawaharada
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Kurokawa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wataru Katagiri
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hayashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadaharu Kobayashi
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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The Incidence of Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081785. [PMID: 33917961 PMCID: PMC8068359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The worldwide prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is undetermined. There is no clearly defined cut-off for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) positivity in tumor cells by in situ hybridization. A lack of common criteria for positive expression of EBER has been raised as a limitation for interpreting and understanding the geographic and ethnic disparity of prevalence of EBV+ DLBCL. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to establish the proportions of EBV+ DLBCL patients. Results showed that the pooled proportion of EBER positivity was 7.9% in patients with de novo DLBCL. The prevalence of EBV+ DLBCL was significantly higher in Asia and South America compared with Western countries. A tendency for lower pooled proportions was observed in studies using a higher cut-off for EBER positivity. The patients’ age did not significantly affect the prevalence. These findings may improve our current knowledge of the EBV+ DLBCL. Abstract The worldwide prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is undetermined. There is no clearly defined cut-off for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) positivity in tumor cells by in-situ hybridization. The purpose of this study was to establish the proportions of EBV+ DLBCL patients and influence of the different cut-offs for EBER positivity, geographical location, and age on the prevalence of EBV+ DLBCL. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies published up to May 28, 2020 that reported proportions of EBER positivity in immunocompetent and de novo DLBCL patients. The pooled proportions were computed by an inverse variance method for calculating the weights and the DerSimonian–Laird method. Multiple subgroup analyses were conducted to explore any heterogeneity. Thirty-one studies (8249 patients) were included. The pooled proportion of EBV+ DLBCL was 7.9% (95% CI, 6.2–10.0%) with significant heterogeneity among studies (p < 0.001). The prevalence of EBV+ DLBCL was significantly higher in Asia and South America compared with Western countries (p < 0.01). The cut-offs for EBER positivity (10%, 20%, 50%) and patients’ age (≥50 years vs. <50 years) did not significantly affect the prevalence (p ≥ 0.10). EBV+ DLBCL is rare with a pooled proportion of 7.9% in patients with DLBCL and the geographic heterogeneity was confirmed.
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15
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Cassim S, Antel K, Chetty DR, Oosthuizen J, Opie J, Mohamed Z, Verburgh E. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a South African cohort with a high HIV prevalence: an analysis by cell-of-origin, Epstein-Barr virus infection and survival. Pathology 2020; 52:453-459. [PMID: 32305135 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS) is subdivided according to the cell-of-origin (COO) classification into germinal centre B-cell (GCB) and activated B-cell (ABC) subtypes, each with different molecular profiles and clinical behaviour. This study aims to describe the pattern of the COO subtypes, the proportion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) co-infection, and their influence on survival outcomes in a setting of high HIV prevalence. This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with de novo DLBCL NOS at our tertiary academic centre in Cape Town, South Africa over a 14-year period. Immunohistochemical stains were performed for COO classification, according to the Hans algorithm. Tumour EBV co-infection was established by EBV-encoded ribonucleic acid in situ hybridisation (EBER-ISH) staining. The effect of the COO subtypes and EBV co-infection on overall survival were described by means of univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 181 patients with DLBCL NOS were included, which comprised 131 HIV-uninfected and 50 HIV-infected patients. There was an equal distribution of GCB and ABC subtypes in the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups. EBV co-infection was detected in 16% of the HIV-infected cases and in 7% of the HIV-uninfected cases (p=0.09). There was no significant difference in the incidence of EBV co-infection between the GCB and ABC subtypes (p=0.67). HIV-infected patients with CD4 ≥150 cells/mm3 had similar survival to HIV-uninfected patients (p=0.005). Multivariate regression analysis showed that in the HIV-infected group with marked immunosuppression (CD4 <150 cells/mm3), there was significantly poorer overall survival compared to the HIV-uninfected group (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.1). There were no statistically significant differences in overall survival by DLBCL COO subtype. There was no difference in the proportion of DLBCL COO subtypes, regardless of HIV status. EBV co-infection was more common in the HIV-infected group, but less than described in the literature. Unexpectedly, there were no significant differences in survival outcomes between the GCB and ABC subtypes. Higher CD4 counts in the HIV-infected group had good survival outcomes, while lower CD4 counts predicted adverse survival outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the genetic mutational landscape of HIV-associated DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Cassim
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Katherine Antel
- Division of Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dharshnee Rama Chetty
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jenna Oosthuizen
- Division of Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jessica Opie
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zainab Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle Verburgh
- Division of Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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16
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Abstract
T-cell lymphoproliferative processes in the spleen are rare and it is important to study normal T cell subsets in the spleen to understand the splenic milieu in which they arise. True malignant T-cell processes including hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma and T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia occur in the spleen, but other atypical reactive T-cell proliferations and those of uncertain significance also have been described. Proper distinction of florid T cell responses from malignant T-cell neoplasms has important therapeutic implications for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Aguilera
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville VA 22908-0214, United States.
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17
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Pedraza RM, Arboleda LPA, Sánchez-Romero C, Quiñones JAA, Tovar CDJM, Henao JR, de Almeida OP. Intraoral EBV-positive sporadic Burkitt lymphoma in an elderly patient with bilateral presentation. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2019; 9:e2019117. [PMID: 31641659 PMCID: PMC6771441 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2019.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (SBL) is a variant of Burkitt lymphoma that occurs worldwide, affecting mainly children and young adults. Association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be identified in approximately 20-30% of cases. Herein we described a case of a 63-year-old male presenting intraoral bilateral mandibular swelling, subjacent to fixed dental prosthesis, with one month of duration. Incisional biopsies were performed, and after two days, the patient was hospitalized due to malaise and breathing difficulty, and died after a week when an abdominal tumor was detected. The mandibular biopsies revealed a diffuse proliferation of medium-sized monomorphic atypical lymphoid cells exhibiting numerous mitoses and areas of "starry-sky" pattern. The tumor showed immunohistochemical positivity for CD20, CD10, Bcl-6, and Ki-67 (≈ 100%); it was negative for CD3, Bcl-2, Vs38c, and MUM-1. Positivity for EBV was found by in situ hybridization. The final diagnosis was intraoral SBL positive for EBV. Clinical, morphological and molecular criteria are necessary for the correct diagnosis of aggressive B-cell neoplasms positive for EBV in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Martínez Pedraza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Dentistry, Department of Advance General Dental Master. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Lady Paola Aristizabal Arboleda
- University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Section. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Celeste Sánchez-Romero
- University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Section. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Section. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) virus in the pathogenesis of the primary Sjögren's syndrome. The article introduces the problem of consequences of EBV acute infection, and its reactivation, in association with the immune response modulation by the virus and with an increased risk of developing systemic autoimmune diseases and EBV-associated cancers. RECENT FINDINGS The knowledge about the mechanisms by which the virus may stay for years in a latent phase, unrecognized by the host response immune cells is constantly expanding. There are several mechanisms and theories about EBV influence on the autoimmune process in Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), including the similarity (molecular mimicry) between viral EBNA-2 protein and Ro-60 antigen or EBER-1 and EBER-2 viral proteins and La antigen. SUMMARY The influence of EBV infection on the development and course of pSS has been proven. It has also been established that both EBV and pSS result in the increased risk of tumor (especially lymphoma) development. In the light of these findings, new ways to manage EBV infections are being sought. Optimal methods for assessing EBV infection status are being devised. Research also aims at finding therapies, which target EBV through the inhibition of the autoimmune process and of viral activity. The present article is an attempt to discuss the most important phenomena and elements linking EBV infection to the primary Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maślińska
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Early Arthritis Clinic, Spartanska1, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Toner K, Bollard CM, Dave H. T-cell therapies for T-cell lymphoma. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:935-942. [PMID: 31320195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas represent a subpopulation of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with poor outcomes when treated with conventional chemotherapy. A variety of novel agents have been introduced as new treatment strategies either as first-line treatment or in conjunction with chemotherapy. Immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be a promising area for new therapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies and adoptive cellular therapeutics. T-cell therapeutics have been shown to have significant success in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and are rapidly expanding as potential treatment options for other cancers including T-cell lymphomas. Although treating T-cell lymphomas with T-cell therapeutics has unique challenges, multiple targets are currently being studied both preclinically and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Toner
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hema Dave
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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20
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Crombie JL, LaCasce AS. Epstein Barr Virus Associated B-Cell Lymphomas and Iatrogenic Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Front Oncol 2019; 9:109. [PMID: 30899698 PMCID: PMC6416204 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, affecting up to 90% of the population. EBV was first identified as an oncogenic virus in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line, though subsequently has been found to drive a variety of malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and other lymphoma subtypes. EBV has a tropism for B-lymphocytes and has the unique ability to exist in a latent state, evading the host immune response. In cases of impaired cell mediated immunity, as in patients with advanced age or iatrogenic immune suppression, the virus is able to proliferate in an unregulated fashion, expressing viral antigens that predispose to transformation. EBV-positive DLBCL not otherwise specified, which has been included as a revised provisional entity in the 2016 WHO classification of lymphoid malignancies, is thought to commonly occur in older patients with immunosenescence. Similarly, it is well-established that iatrogenic immune suppression, occurring in both transplant and non-transplant settings, can predispose to EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders. EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorders are heterogeneous, with variable clinical features and prognoses depending on the context in which they arise. While DLBCL is the most common subtype, other histologic variants, including Burkitt lymphoma, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma can occur. Research aimed at understanding the underlying biology and disease prevention strategies in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases are ongoing. Additionally, personalized treatment approaches, such as immunotherapy and adoptive T-cell therapies, have yielded encouraging results, though randomized trials are needed to further define optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Crombie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann S LaCasce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor TAK-659 Prevents Splenomegaly and Tumor Development in a Murine Model of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoma. mSphere 2018; 3:3/4/e00378-18. [PMID: 30135222 PMCID: PMC6106053 DOI: 10.1128/mspheredirect.00378-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel SYK and FLT3 inhibitor TAK-659 prevents the enlargement of spleen and tumor development in a mouse model of EBV-associated lymphoma by counteracting the activation of cellular kinase SYK through the viral LMP2A gene by inducing cell death in tumor cells but not in nontumor cells. These findings indicate that TAK-659 may be a very effective nontoxic therapeutic molecule especially for EBV-positive hematologic malignancies. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several B and epithelial cell cancers. EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) contributes to cellular transformation by mimicking B cell receptor signaling. LMP2A/MYC double transgenic mice develop splenomegaly and B cell lymphoma much faster than MYC transgenic mice do. In this study, we explored the potential therapeutic efficacy of a novel spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and FLT3 inhibitor TAK-659 for development of a treatment option for EBV-associated malignancies. In our transgenic model, TAK-659 treatment totally abrogated splenomegaly and tumor development in LMP2A/MYC mice in both pretumor and tumor cell transfer experiments. TAK-659 treatment killed tumor cells, but not host cells within the spleen and tumors. Furthermore, TAK-659 treatment abrogated metastasis of tumor cells into bone marrow. Our data also show that TAK-659 inhibits SYK phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in LMP2A/MYC tumor cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Therefore, TAK-659 may provide an effective therapeutic option for treatment of LMP2A-positive EBV-associated malignancies and should be explored further in clinical trials. IMPORTANCE The novel SYK and FLT3 inhibitor TAK-659 prevents the enlargement of spleen and tumor development in a mouse model of EBV-associated lymphoma by counteracting the activation of cellular kinase SYK through the viral LMP2A gene by inducing cell death in tumor cells but not in nontumor cells. These findings indicate that TAK-659 may be a very effective nontoxic therapeutic molecule especially for EBV-positive hematologic malignancies.
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22
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Wang C, Xia B, Wang T, Tian C, Yu Y, Wu X, Sun B, Da W, Li S, Zhang Y. PD-1, FOXP3, and CSF-1R expression in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and their prognostic value. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1923-1934. [PMID: 31938298 PMCID: PMC6958205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), there is a need for development of reliable prognostic biomarkers and improved stratification of patients for effective therapeutic intervention. The immune microenvironment is the key to HL pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to identify expression of microenvironment-related biomarkers (PD-1, FOXP3, and CSF-1R) immunohistochemically and determine their association with clinicopathological features and prognosis in HL. We found that a high number of non-HRS cells expressing CSF-1R confers inferior overall survival (OS), which is associated with the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in neoplastic cells (P=0.009). Increased FOXP3 expression confered superior OS and progression-free survival (PFS). PD-1 expression had no significant association with OS and PFS. The combination of FOXP3 and PD-1 or CSF-1R may yield better prognostic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Wang
- Department of Hemotology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Hemotology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
| | - Tengteng Wang
- Department of Hemotology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Hemotology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Hemotology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
| | - Wanming Da
- Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039, China
| | - Suxia Li
- Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039, China
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Hemotology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin 300060, China
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23
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Dharnidharka VR. Comprehensive review of post-organ transplant hematologic cancers. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:537-549. [PMID: 29178667 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A higher risk for a variety of cancers is among the major complications of posttransplantation immunosuppression. In this part of a continuing series on cancers posttransplantation, this review focuses on the hematologic cancers after solid organ transplantation. Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), which comprise the great majority of hematologic cancers, represent a spectrum of conditions that include, but are not limited to, the Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus is a key pathogenic driver in many PTLD cases, through known and unknown mechanisms. The other hematologic cancers include leukemias and plasma cell neoplasms (multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma). Clinical features vary across malignancies and location. Preventive screening strategies have been attempted mainly for PTLDs. Treatments include the chemotherapy regimens for the specific cancers, but also include reduction of immunosuppression, rituximab, and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas R Dharnidharka
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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24
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Wu H, Wei L, Hao L, Li X, Wang L, Yuan C. Synchronous Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma: A rare case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9484. [PMID: 29504971 PMCID: PMC5779740 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoproliferative disease arising in the lymphoid tissue, which is characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells. Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent pathological type of stomach cancer. Improved survival in HL patients leads to the development of secondary malignancies. However, synchronous occurrence of these 2 malignancies is extremely rare. Here, we present a 45-year-old male complaining of a lymph node mass in the neck, without any abdominal symptoms, diagnosed as HL and gastric adenocarcinoma with hepatitis B carrier status. We treated the patient with 8 courses of pirarubicin bleomycin, vincristine, and dacarbazine (modified ABVD), and 4 courses of capecitabine therapy concurrently along with oral entecavir, as the patient survived longer than 20 months.The prognosis of multiple primary malignancies is poor because therapy is difficult, without a standard treatment. The frequency of multiple primary malignancies is increasing in recent years, and second malignancies in patients with cancer should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lei Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital (group)
| | - Chenglu Yuan
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
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25
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Aguilera N, Auerbach A. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) associated reactive and indeterminate lymphoid proliferations in the lymph node. Semin Diagn Pathol 2017; 35:54-60. [PMID: 29174725 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Aguilera
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4820, United States.
| | - Aaron Auerbach
- The Joint Pathology Center, 606 Stephen Sitter Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
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26
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Abstract
Adjunctive therapies have been proposed for use in at least 5 inflammation pathobiology phenotypes in pediatric sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. This article discusses host-pathogen interaction prototypes to facilitate understanding of the rationale for personalized therapy in these phenotypes. The article discusses the literature on adjunctive antiinflammatory and immune modulation therapies that, in addition to traditional organ support and infection source control, might be part of a personalized precision medicine approach to the reversal of each of these inflammatory pathobiology phenotypes.
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Th17 immune microenvironment in Epstein-Barr virus-negative Hodgkin lymphoma: implications for immunotherapy. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1324-1334. [PMID: 29296775 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a neoplasm characterized by robust inflammatory infiltrates and heightened expression of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Although anti-PD-1 therapy can be effective in >60% of patients with refractory CHL, improved treatment options are needed for CHLs which are resistant to anti-PD-1 or relapse after this form of immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of immunologic factors in the CHL microenvironment might support the design of more effective treatment combinations based on anti-PD-1. In addition, because the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) residing in some CHL tumors is strongly immunogenic, we hypothesized that characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment in EBV+ CHL would be distinct from EBV- CHL, with specific implications for designing combination treatment regimens. Employing immunohistochemistry for immune cell subsets and checkpoint molecules, as well as gene expression profiling, we characterized 32 CHLs from the Johns Hopkins archives, including 12 EBV+ and 20 EBV- tumors. Our results revealed a dichotomous cellular and cytokine immune milieu in EBV+ vs EBV- CHL. EBV+ tumors displayed a T helper 1 (Th1) profile typical of effective antitumor immunity, with increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and coordinate expression of the canonical Th1 transcription factor Tbet (TBX21), interferon-γ (IFNG), and the IFN-γ-inducible immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In contrast, EBV- tumors manifested a pathogenic Th17 profile and ongoing engagement of the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17 axis, with heightened phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression in infiltrating lymphocytes. These findings suggest that drugs blocking the IL-23/IL-17 axis, which are already in the clinic for treating certain autoimmune disorders, may enhance the therapeutic impact of anti-PD-1 therapy in EBV- CHL.
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28
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Liu Y, Chintalapati S, Dietz R, Raza AS, Wang J, Raza AS. EBV-associated hepatic smooth muscle tumor of uncertain biologic behavior after heart transplantation in a pediatric patient: case report. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 8:E21-E25. [PMID: 28280632 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) is a rare neoplasm recognized in immunocompromised patients. There are less than 30 cases of EBV-SMT reported in pediatric population following solid organ transplantation. Herein, we report a case of an 8-year-old female who was incidentally noted to have multiple lesions in the liver 8 years after heart transplantation. The tumor was composed of a cellular proliferation of spindle-shaped cells with low mitotic activity. The diagnosis of EBV-SMT was confirmed by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) transcripts. Multiple additional lesions were detected by whole body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan 4 months after the initial finding of the hepatic lesions. Immunosuppression was switched to a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. We conclude that EBV-SMT should be included in the differential diagnoses in post-transplantation patients and further investigations should be performed to evaluate additional lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Suneetha Chintalapati
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Robin Dietz
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Adnan S Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Anwar Sultana Raza
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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29
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Abstract
The vast majority of the human adult population is infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the majority of the EBV-infected individuals tolerates the infection well, without any further symptoms after primary infection. In cases of individuals which undergo primary infection in the form of an infectious mononucleosis, or which have undergone primary infection in their past, it is sometimes important to appraise symptomatic disease or differentiate infectious mononucleosis from other conditions. In these cases, serological methods, i.e., immunofluorescence, ELISA, or Western blot, are the methods of choice to come to an unequivocal diagnostic conclusion, while the detection and quantification of viral DNA through PCR plays a minor role.On the other hand, in a minority of the human population, EBV infection is associated or causally linked with autoimmune or malignant disease. Especially in the bone marrow or solid organ transplanted, or in otherwise severely immune-suppressed patients, prolonged EBV primary infection or EBV reactivation from latency may be a serious and life-threatening complication which needs to be diagnosed the faster the better, in order to take therapeutic steps in time. Determining the serostatus correctly is also important in these cases. However, the direct and quantitative detection of viral DNA are of importance for the diagnosis of serious EBV disease and its monitoring.In the following, we give an overview of diagnostic methods to accurately determine EBV serostatus and viral load. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method and report on the diagnostic significance of each and how to resolve diagnostic problems in case of uncertainties. For practical procedures, we refer to the detailed instruction manuals of the respective test kit manufacturers which have to be closely followed for reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Helmut Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, Freiburg im Breisgau, D-79106, Germany
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Masood A, Tumyan A, Nussenzveig DR, Wakefield DN, Barb D, Ghayee HK, Maalouf NM. The Diverse Clinical Presentations of Adrenal Lymphoma. AACE Clin Case Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.4158/ep161595.cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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31
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Cavicchioli L, Ferraresso S, Westmoreland S, Kaliyaperumal S, Knight H, Crossan C, Scobie L, Danesi A, Vadori M, Trez D, Badin RA, Hantraye P, Cozzi E. Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Neuronal Xenotransplanted Macaques. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:336-344. [PMID: 27694423 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816669407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid proliferations that occur in the setting of depressed T-cell function due to immunosuppressive therapy used following solid organ transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and also xenotransplantation. In the present study, 28 immunosuppressed parkinsonian Macaca fascicularis were intracerebrally injected with wild-type or CTLA4-Ig transgenic porcine xenografts to identify a suitable strategy to enable long-term cell survival, maturation, and differentiation. Nine of 28 (32%) immunosuppressed primates developed masses compatible with PTLD, located mainly in the gastrointestinal tract and/or nasal cavity. The masses were classified as monomorphic PTLD according to the World Health Organization classification. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed that the PTLDs were associated with macaca lymphocryptovirus as confirmed by double-labeling immunohistochemistry for CD20 and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2), where the viral protein was located within the CD20+ neoplastic B cells. In sera from 3 distinct phases of the experimental life of the primates, testing by quantitative PCR revealed a progression of the viral load that paralleled the PTLD progression and no evidence of zoonotic transmission of porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus through xenoneuronal grafts. These data suggest that monitoring the variation of macaca lymphocryptovirus DNA in primates could be used as a possible early diagnostic tool for PTLD progression, allowing preemptive treatment such as immunosuppression therapy reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cavicchioli
- 1 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - S Ferraresso
- 1 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - S Westmoreland
- 2 New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA
| | - S Kaliyaperumal
- 2 New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA
| | - H Knight
- 2 New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA
| | - C Crossan
- 3 Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Scobie
- 3 Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Danesi
- 1 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | | | - D Trez
- 1 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - R Aron Badin
- 5 MIRCen, CEA UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - P Hantraye
- 5 MIRCen, CEA UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - E Cozzi
- 4 CORIT, Padova, Italy.,6 Padova General Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Kampers J, Orjuela-Grimm M, Schober T, Schulz TF, Stiefel M, Klein C, Körholz D, Mauz-Körholz C, Kreipe H, Beier R, Maecker-Kolhoff B. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma-type PTLD after solid organ transplantation in children: a report on 17 patients treated according to subsequent GPOH-HD treatment schedules. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:633-638. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1205742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kampers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Orjuela-Grimm
- Pediatric Oncology Hematology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tilmann Schober
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Stiefel
- Center of Pediatrics, University of Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Körholz
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christine Mauz-Körholz
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
- Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rita Beier
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department for Pediatrics III, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover, Germany
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Park H, Kim JS, Kong JH, Kim SH, Park SW, Song SH, Yang JW, Han BG, Choi SO. Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in Transplanted Kidney Causing Urinary Tract Obstruction. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2016. [DOI: 10.4285/jkstn.2016.30.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeoncheol Park
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kong
- Department of Oncology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Park
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Shin Han Song
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byoung Geun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Choi
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Darcy PK, Neeson PJ. Adoptive immunotherapy: a new era for the treatment of cancer. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:469-71. [PMID: 26065471 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Paul J Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Wang C, Li W, Liu C, Bai O. [Clinicopathological features and prognositic analysis of Epstein-Barr virus- positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in elderly: 7 cases report and literatures review]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 36:698-701. [PMID: 26462644 PMCID: PMC7348266 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunshui Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ou Bai
- Department of Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Sun L, Zhao Y, Shi H, Ma C, Wei L. LMP1 promotes nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma cell function by eIF4E via NF-κB pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:3264-71. [PMID: 26397141 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is a highly malignant tumor that is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is encoded by EBV and plays an important role in EBV-induced cell transformation. Therefore, we assessed the function of LMP1 as a stimulant of NKTL progression and the underlying mechanism. A human EBV-positive NKTL cell line (SNK-6) was transfected with pcDNA3.1-LMP1, LV-LMP1 shRNA or LV-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-shRNA. Then, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess the proliferation of SNK-6 cells, and cell migration and invasion were analyzed by transwell chamber assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. The results showed LMP1 was highly expressed in SNK-6 cells compared with control groups. Following pretreatment with LMP1 shRNA, the proliferation of SNK-6 cells was inhibited and resulted in a G0/G1 phase arrest. A reduction in invasion and migration was also observed. LMP1 silencing promoted cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic analysis suggested that LMP1 overexpression induced the expression of eIF4E, while eIF4E-shRNA dramatically attenuated the increase in cell proliferation, invasion, migration and the inhibition of apoptosis triggered by LMP-1 upregulation. Moreover, the effect of LMP1 on eIF4E expression was mediated by the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, this finding may provide a potential target against NKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Huaiyin Shi
- Department of Pathology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Pathology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Ziarkiewicz M, Wołosz D, Dzieciątkowski T, Wilczek E, Dwilewicz-Trojaczek J, Jędrzejczak WW, Gierej B, Ziarkiewicz-Wróblewska B. Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma in the Experience of a Tertiary Medical Center in Poland. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:159-69. [PMID: 26084760 PMCID: PMC4805698 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the biology and clinical characteristics of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still poorly defined. A new provisional entity EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly has been described in Asian population. Its incidence and prognosis remains unknown in middle European patients. Clinical data and tissue samples were collected from 74 Caucasian patients with DLBCL, aged between 23 and 86 years, treated at a single institution. Lymphoma morphology was reassessed, laboratory procedures included in situ hybridization specific for EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER), immunohistochemical staining for latent membrane protein and serological testing for EBV-specific antibodies. EBER staining revealed 12.2 % of EBV-positive cases, whereas 9.5 % were diagnosed as EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly. Serologic EBV markers did not correlate with the presence of EBV in tissue samples (P > 0.10). Elderly EBV-positive cases had lower BCL-6 (P = 0.038) and higher CD30 (P = 0.049) expression and were characterized by higher progression risk (median time-to-progression 12.5 months vs not reached; P = 0.029) and a trend towards worse overall survival (median overall survival 24.5 months vs not reached; P = 0.059). EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly occurs relatively frequently in Polish population and may be associated with inferior prognosis in comparison with DLBCL, not otherwise specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Ziarkiewicz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Wołosz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dzieciątkowski
- Department of Microbiology, Central Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.,Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Wilczek
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Beata Gierej
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Choi JW, Kim Y, Lee JH, Kim YS. Human Herpesvirus 8-Negative and Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Effusion-Based Lymphoma in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 49:409-12. [PMID: 26081824 PMCID: PMC4579282 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 39-year-old man infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of chest pain. Chest radiography revealed pneumothorax of the right lung. Computed tomographic scans disclosed a 5.8-cm-sized emphysematous bulla in the right middle lobe of the lung. Histologically, the wedge-resected lung showed medium to large atypical cells within the bullous cavity of the Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, without solid mass formation. These atypical cells were confirmed to be large B-cell lymphoma, Epstein-Barr virus–positive and human herpesvirus 8–negative. Therefore, this case was not diagnosed as primary effusion lymphoma, but effusion-based lymphoma arising in an emphysematous cavity of an HIV-infected patient. This type of effusion-based lymphoma has never been reported, and, although rare, it should be noted in order to clinically diagnose this lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Younghye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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Hübner M, Bozic M, Konrad PM, Grohs K, Santner BI, Kessler HH. Analytical and clinical performance of a new molecular assay for Epstein-Barr virus DNA quantitation. J Virol Methods 2015; 212:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khanna R, Smith C. Cellular immune therapy for viral infections in transplant patients. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:796-807. [PMID: 24434332 PMCID: PMC3928710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell and organ transplantation are considered as the major advances of modern medicine. Unfortunately the success of transplantation is limited by its toxicity and infectious complications as a result of profound immunosuppression. Viral infections are an extremely common and predictable problem in these patients. Antiviral drugs given either prophylactically or as early therapy for patients with detectable viral loads appear to be an effective strategy for reducing viral infections. However, long-term treatment with these drugs is associated with significant toxicity, expense and the appearance of drug resistant virus isolates ultimately resulting in treatment failure. Over the last few years, there is increasing evidence that cellular immune therapies can reverse the outgrowth of haematological malignancies and can also provide therapeutic benefit against lethal viral infections. While the expansion and adoptive transfer of virus-specific T-cells from the healthy donor can be an effective strategy to control viral replication, this is not possible when donors are seronegative or are subsequently inaccessible. Recent studies have demonstrated successful expansion of virus-specific T-cells from seropositive stem cell transplant recipients of a seronegative graft with active virus disease and the long term reconstitution of protective anti-viral immunity following their adoptive transfer back into the patients. Furthermore, this immunotherapeutic strategy has also been extended for multiple pathogens including cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus and BK polyoma-virus. This approach can be employed to rapidly expand multiple pathogens-specific T cells that can be used for adoptive immunotherapy. Finally, new assays to monitor T cell immunity have been developed which will allow to identify the high risk transplant patients who may develop virus-associated complications post-transplantation and can be given adoptive T cell therapy prophylactically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane (Qld), Australia,Reprint requests: Dr Prof. R. Khanna, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Department of Immunology, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane, Australia 4006 e-mail:
| | - Corey Smith
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane (Qld), Australia
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Ota-Kuroki J, Ragsdale JM, Bawa B, Wakamatsu N, Kuroki K. Intraocular and periocular lymphoma in dogs and cats: a retrospective review of 21 cases (2001-2012). Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:389-96. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Ota-Kuroki
- Midwest Veterinary Referral Center; 17497 N. Outer 40 Drive Chesterfield MO 63005 USA
| | - John M. Ragsdale
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services; New Mexico Department of Agriculture; New Mexico State University; 1101 Camino de Salud NE Albuquerque NM 87102 USA
| | - Bhupinder Bawa
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology; Kansas State University; Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Keiichi Kuroki
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory; University of Missouri; 1600 E. Rollins Columbia MO 65211 USA
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Conrad A, Brunet AS, Hervieu V, Chauvet C, Buron F, Collardeau-Frachon S, Rivet C, Cassier P, Testelin S, Lachaux A, Morelon E, Thaunat O. Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors in a composite tissue allograft and a pediatric liver transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2013; 15:E182-6. [PMID: 24034213 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to establish latent infections in B-lymphocytes that can cause lymphoproliferative disorders particularly in immunocompromised patients. More recently, the development of rare EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors has been reported in transplant recipients. We herein describe 2 new cases of EBV-associated post-transplant smooth muscle tumors (EBV-PTSMT), including the first in a facial composite tissue graft recipient. Among the striking features shared by these 2 patients were their young ages, the fact that they were naïve for EBV before the transplantation, that they developed a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder before the diagnosis of EBV-PTSMT, and that they responded favorably to reduction of immunosuppression. Radiological and histologic features of EBV-PTSMT are shown. Finally, pathophysiology and therapeutic management of EBV-PTSMT are discussed based on a comprehensive review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conrad
- Service de Transplantation, Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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43
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Primary adrenal lymphoma: a systematic review. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:1583-93. [PMID: 23771429 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fewer than 200 cases of primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) have been reported. We have systematically reviewed all 187 cases of PAL reported in the English literature until June 2013, from which we drew the following conclusions: PAL is typically a highly symptomatic and aggressive, metabolically hyperactive, hypovascular, hypoechoic (and heterogeneous on ultrasound), hypodense (with slight to moderate enhancement on computed tomography), high-grade lymphoma, primarily affecting elderly males and presenting with large bilateral adrenal masses. Most cases have adrenal insufficiency, B-symptoms, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, concurrent or prior immune dysregulation, and bone marrow involvement are uncommon. Epstein-Barr virus positivity is observed in more than half of cases and the disease is disseminated at presentation in 18 % of cases. The two most common WHO 2008-defined PAL subtypes are diffuse large B cell lymphoma (78 %) and peripheral T cell lymphoma (7 %). The prognosis of PAL has improved with the advent of rituximab-containing chemotherapeutic regimens. According to our results, administration of chemotherapy and adrenal insufficiency are significant independent predictors of prognosis.
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44
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Ozsan N, Cagirgan S, Saydam G, Gunes A, Hekimgil M. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the elderly-experience of a single center from Turkey. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:471-8. [PMID: 23726928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the 2008 WHO lymphoma classification, 'EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly is included as a new provisional entity. We aimed to evaluate the morphological, immunophenotypic, and clinical characteristics of the cases diagnosed as 'EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly' in our center and compared them with the 'EBV-negative DLBCL' patients older than 50 years of age. EBV status was detected by Epstein-Barr early RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization analysis. By immunohistochemistry, a panel of antibodies for CD10, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, IRF4/MUM1, CD30, and Ki67 was performed. Out of 149 DLBCL patients older than 50 years, without any known history of immunodeficiency or prior lymphoma, eight patients who fulfill the criteria were re-evaluated. Five patients were male and three were female, with a median age of 67.6 years. Four patients presented with nodal involvement; others presented with bone and soft tissue, bone marrow, and spleen infiltrations. Five cases revealed predominantly monomorphic morphology, one also contained focal areas consistent with polymorphous subtype; and three patients revealed a polymorphous infiltrate. When classified according to 'Hans criteria', five were non-GCB, and three were of the GCB cell phenotype. All cases with polymorphous morphology were revealed to be of the non-GCB cell phenotype, and all expressed IRF4/MUM1. Two patients died with disease, four patients are alive and in complete remission following R-CHOP therapy, and two patients have just recently been diagnosed. When compared with the EBV-negative group, there are no reliable morphological and immunohistochemical features indicating EBV positivity. Therefore, EBER in situ hybridization analysis is necessary to identify 'EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly'. Further studies are needed to fully understand the details of this disease, which can lead to new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Ozsan
- Department of Pathology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
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45
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EBV-specific T-cell immunity in pediatric solid organ graft recipients with posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease. Transplantation 2013; 95:247-55. [PMID: 23222899 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318279968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is an often Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated mainly malignant complication after transplantation. We present data on EBV-specific T cells in children treated with rituximab with or without chemotherapy on the pediatric PTLD Pilot 2005 protocol. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 16 pediatric patients with PTLD, 4 transplanted children with EBV reactivation, and 18 healthy controls. EBV-specific T cells were quantified by flow cytometric detection of intracellular interferon-γ after stimulation with autologous EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and correlated with EBV load in peripheral blood. RESULTS At diagnosis, PTLD patients had similar numbers of EBV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells as healthy EBV-positive controls. EBV-specific T cells tended to be lower in early PTLD compared with late PTLD. During treatment with rituximab, CD4 and/or CD8 EBV-specific T cells increased in most patients, possibly reflecting restored immunocompetence due to a reduction of immunosuppression as well as antigenic stimulation by cross-presentation of EBV antigen from destroyed B cells. However, this increase did not predict response to rituximab or chemotherapy. EBV load and circulating B cells became undetectable in most patients during rituximab therapy. B-cell recovery after treatment was accompanied by redetection of EBV in peripheral blood, which was controlled by T-cell responses in 11 of 11 evaluable cases. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric PTLD patients, pretreatment EBV-specific T-cell numbers are in the range of healthy controls. These cells increased on reduction of immunosuppression and treatment with rituximab. Recurrence of EBV viremia during complete remission is matched by strong T-cell responses.
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Crowley A, Connell J, Schaffer K, Hall W, Hassan J. Is there diagnostic value in detection of immunoglobulin g antibodies to the epstein-barr virus early antigen? Biores Open Access 2013; 1:291-6. [PMID: 23514966 PMCID: PMC3559238 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV EA) complex consists of multiple proteins with potential significance for diagnosis of EBV-related diseases. In many individuals, detection of antibody to the early antigen (EA) is a sign of active infection, but 20% of healthy people may have this antibody for years. We studied the role of EA immunoglobulin G (IgG) in individuals with atypical antibody responses in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and in EBV-infected transplant patients. EA IgG was present in 72% of confirmed IM patients. A trend was observed between high viral loads and the presence of EA IgG and between low viral loads and the absence of EA IgG in EBV-associated disease negative liver transplant recipients. Three assays that measure serum EA IgG were compared; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), and immunoblot assay. The automated CLIA was found to be more accurate than the ELISA when using the immunoblot assay as a "gold standard" assay in the detection of EA IgG. There may be a potential role for EA IgG testing, together with EBV viral load, in the prediction of transplant recipients at risk of EBV-associated disease; however, EA IgG does not play a significant role in the differential diagnosis of EBV infection in immunocompetent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Crowley
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Seynaeve L, Caekebeke J, Cypers G. A fatal case of Epstein Barr encephalitis presenting as fever of unknown origin. Acta Neurol Belg 2013; 113:91-4. [PMID: 23242938 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-012-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yanagawa N, Ogata SY, Fukushima N, Maeda K, Tamura G. Synchronous Double Malignant Tumors Consisting of Stomach and Hodgkin's Lymphoma with Collision between Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Hodgkin's Lymphoma in the Stomach. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2012; 6:797-802. [PMID: 23341804 PMCID: PMC3551438 DOI: 10.1159/000346465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the rare case of a 72-year-old man with double cancers (gastric adenocarcinoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma) with collision between gastric adenocarcinoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Abdominal computed tomography showed increased wall thickness in the fundus region of the stomach and multiple lymph node swellings in the lesser curvature, periceliac and left cardial regions. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an ulcer approximately 5 cm in diameter with a malignant appearance in the fundus region of the stomach. On histopathologic examination, two completely different tumors were recognized in the stomach. One tumor was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma characterized by poorly developed tubular structures associated with prominent lymphoid infiltration of the stroma. The other tumor was found to have proliferated in the wall of the stomach, with diffuse granulomatous lesions and bordering the adenocarcinoma. Large atypical lymphoid cells with prominent nucleoli and enlarged mononuclei or multinuclei were seen in the latter tumor. Hodgkin's lymphoma was also found in the swollen lesser curvature lymph nodes. As a result, gastric adenocarcinoma and metastasis of Hodgkin's lymphoma were collided in the stomach. In conclusion, this case might be helpful in exploring the occurrence mechanism of tumor collision between lymphoma and carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
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Mao Y, Zhang DW, Zhu H, Lin H, Xiong L, Cao Q, Liu Y, Li QD, Xu JR, Xu LF, Chen RJ. LMP1 and LMP2A are potential prognostic markers of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL). Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:178. [PMID: 23237707 PMCID: PMC3539909 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 and LMP2A encoded by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are associated with the development of malignancies, but their expression in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) and the relationship with clinical characteristics of this disease remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the expression of LMP1 and LMP2A in ENKTL, and investigated the correlations between LMP1 and LMP2A expression with clinicopathological characteristics of ENKTL patients. Methods Paraffin sections of surgically removed samples from 16 ENKTL patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the related clinicopathological data were collected and analyzed. Results Elevated expression (immunohistochemistry score ≥ 4) of LMP1 and LMP2A was detected in the tumor cells of ENKTL. High LMP1 expression was associated with positive B symptoms (p = 0.012), while high LMP2A expression was related to gender (p = 0.029). The expression of both LMP1 and LMP2A showed significant correlations with patients’ overall survival (p = 0.049, p = 0.036). Conclusion LMP1 and LMP2A may be prognostic indicators of survival in patients with ENKTL. Virtual slides http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2443352538545899
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No,121 Jiang jia yuan, Nanjing 210011, China
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Shatzer AN, Espey MG, Chavez M, Tu H, Levine M, Cohen JI. Ascorbic acid kills Epstein-Barr virus positive Burkitt lymphoma cells and Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-cells in vitro, but not in vivo. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:1069-78. [PMID: 23067008 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.739686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid has been shown to kill various cancer cell lines at pharmacologic concentrations. We found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells were more susceptible to ascorbic acid-induced cell killing than EBV-negative BL cells or EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs). Ascorbic acid did not induce apoptosis in any of the tested cells but did induce the production of reactive oxygen species and cell death. Previously, we showed that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, induces cell death in LCLs and EBV-positive BL cells. We found that ascorbic acid is strongly antagonistic for bortezomib-induced cell death in LCLs and EBV-positive BL cells. Finally, ascorbic acid did not prolong survival of severe combined immunodefiency mice inoculated with LCLs either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Thus, while ascorbic acid was highly effective at killing EBV-positive BL cells and LCLs in vitro, it antagonized cell killing by bortezomib and was ineffective in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Shatzer
- Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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