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Shourche RM, Nematy M, Cox WM, Fadardi JS. Effectiveness of the Life Enhancement and Advancement Program for Weight Management in Overweight and Obese Females. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:724. [PMID: 39199120 PMCID: PMC11351411 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been shown to have many deleterious physical and psychological consequences. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effectiveness of adding the Life Enhancement and Advancement Program (LEAP) to a weight management program. DESIGN To evaluate the different components of a weight loss program, this study included four groups: (1) dieting, exercise, and LEAP; (2) dieting, exercise, and sham training; (3) dieting and exercise; and (4) exercise only. An assessment was administered at baseline, post-intervention, and a three-month follow-up. PARTICIPANTS Forty female participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 were recruited from a local sports center. They provided informed consent and were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. MEASURES Participants' heights were recorded at baseline, and their weight, waist circumference (WC), and BMI were measured at each of the three assessments. Participants completed the Personal Concerns Inventory (PCI) to assess their adaptive motivation at all three assessments. RESULTS A MANCOVA indicated that participants who received LEAP along with dieting and exercise had a greater reduction in BMI and WC and improved more in adaptive motivation than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that adding LEAP to a weight management program enhanced participants' ability to achieve and maintain weight loss. LEAP enabled participants to pursue and achieve their important goals successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Maddah Shourche
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948991, Iran;
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, Mashhad Medical Sciences University, Mashhad 9177899191, Iran;
| | - W. Miles Cox
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
| | - Javad S. Fadardi
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948991, Iran;
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
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Schiestl ET, Gearhardt AN, Wolfson J. The qualitative evaluation of food addiction across the lifespan. Appetite 2024; 194:107170. [PMID: 38147964 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Although it remains controversial, food addiction (FA) research has expanded substantially and empirical evidence for FA is growing. While quantitative studies have explored the prevalence and correlates of FA during childhood and adolescence, little is known about the perceived lived experience of FA across the lifespan, nor how experiences and perceptions of FA may change over time. For this study, 16 participants who met symptom threshold criteria for FA on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 completed in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews focused on their perceptions of the development of FA overtime, and perceived risk and protective factors. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes about the lived experience of FA in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Overall, highly palatable foods were viewed as the most problematic, while minimally processed foods were less associated with impairment and distress. Themes in childhood included a strong desire for highly processed foods and the perception that parental control over food choices could be either protective or risky for the later development of FA depending on which foods were available at home. In adolescence and young adulthood, increasing autonomy over food choices and the high availability of highly processed foods in the college environment were viewed as risk factors. Additionally, weight gain was a prominent theme. Finally, adulthood was characterized by more severe manifestations of FA, and the stress of adult responsibilities (e.g., work, parenting) contributed to this perception. This research sets the stage for future quantitative studies to explore these novel findings at the population level.
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Young SG, Brown M, Sacco DF. Using psychological science to support social distancing: Tradeoffs between affiliation and disease‐avoidance motivations. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Young
- Baruch College City University of New York New York City New York USA
- The Graduate Center City University of New York New York City New York USA
| | - Mitch Brown
- University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Donald F. Sacco
- The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
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Cheval B, Miller MW, Orsholits D, Berry T, Sander D, Boisgontier MP. Physically active individuals look for more: An eye-tracking study of attentional bias. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13582. [PMID: 32277857 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attentional capture by exercise-related stimuli is important for the regulation of physical activity. Attentional processing underlying this capture has been investigated with indirect behavioral measures based on reaction times. To investigate more direct measures of visual spatial attention toward physical activity (vs. inactivity) stimuli, we used eye-tracking and a visual dot probe task in 77 young adults with various level of physical activity. Reaction times to detect a dot appearing in the area previously occupied by a physical activity (vs. inactivity) stimulus were an indirect measure of attentional bias. The first picture gaze and viewing time were more direct measures of attentional orienting and attentional engagement, respectively. Pupil dilation was an indicator of arousal. Reaction times revealed a two-way interaction between the location of the dot and participants' usual level of physical activity. Only participants with a high level of physical activity more quickly detected a dot when it appeared in the area previously occupied by a physical activity stimulus. Eye-tracking results showed greater odds of first gazing at physical activity stimuli and for a longer time, and a greater decrease in pupil size when viewing physical activity stimuli when usual level of physical activity was moderate or high, but not low. The variance explained in the outcomes ranged from 13.9% (pupil dilation) to 40% (reaction times). Overall, as hypothesized, compared to less physically active participants, participants who were more physically active demonstrated indirect (reaction times) and direct (first gaze, viewing time) evidence of a more pronounced attentional bias toward physical activity. Physical activity stimuli biased attention, with a pronounced effect when the level of physical activity was higher. These findings suggest that physical activity stimuli are relevant to the current concerns of moderately and highly active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew W Miller
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dan Orsholits
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives,", University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Meadows A, Higgs S. Internalised Weight Stigma Moderates the Impact of a Stigmatising Prime on Eating in the Absence of Hunger in Higher- but Not Lower-Weight Individuals. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31139111 PMCID: PMC6519002 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable body of evidence links internalised weight stigma with higher levels of disordered eating behaviour and cognitions in both normative- and higher-weight populations. However, to date, the impact of internalised weight stigma on objectively measured food intake has not been explored. In the present study, a weight-diverse sample of 158 non-smoking adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 n = 72, BMI < 25 kg/m2 n = 86) were recruited to a study on "The effects of hunger and satiety on information processing." Participants first completed a series of online questionnaires, then attended a lab visit in a fed state. Participants were randomised to read a sham news article on the negative consequences of either weight (stigma condition) or smoking (control condition) and answer some questions about the article. Then, under the pretence of a non-study-relevant break, participants were exposed to a pre-weighed selection of sweet and savoury snacks for 15 min. Mood and hunger levels were assessed prior to and after reading the vignette, and after the break. In contrast to the relationship with self-report eating behaviour, internalised weight stigma was not a significant independent predictor of total energy intake and did not moderate the relationship between exposure to the stigma prime and calories consumed. However, differences emerged on the basis of participants' weight status. Higher-weight participants with high levels of internalised weight stigma consumed fewer snack calories following exposure to a weight-stigma prime compared with a neutral prime (B = -137, SE = 58, t = -2.35, p = 0.020, 95% CI -252, -22) whereas those with low levels of internalised weight stigma tended to eat more in the weight stigma condition (B = 118, SE = 62, t = 1.91, p = 0.059, 95% CI -4, 241). In normative-weight participants, no differences in energy intake by levels of internalised weight stigma were observed. These findings suggest differences in the relationships between internalised weight stigma and self-reported disordered eating behaviour versus eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) measured under laboratory conditions. Additionally, internalised weight stigma appears to have differential effects on response to stigma in higher-weight and normative-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Meadows
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Foroni F, Rumiati RI, Coricelli C, Ambron E. A bait we cannot avoid: Food-induced motor distractibility. Brain Cogn 2016; 110:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nansel TR, Lipsky LM, Eisenberg MH, Haynie DL, Liu D, Simons-Morton B. Greater Food Reward Sensitivity Is Associated with More Frequent Intake of Discretionary Foods in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults. Front Nutr 2016; 3:33. [PMID: 27588287 PMCID: PMC4989129 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Food reward sensitivity may influence individual susceptibility to an environment replete with highly palatable foods of minimal nutritional value. These foods contain combinations of added sugar, fat, and/or salt that may enhance their motivational salience. This study examined associations of food reward sensitivity with eating behaviors in the NEXT Generation Health Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. young adults. Participants (n = 2202) completed self-report measures including the Power of Food Scale, assessing food reward sensitivity, and intake frequency of 14 food groups. Multiple linear regressions estimated associations of food reward sensitivity with each of the eating behaviors adjusting for covariates. Higher food reward sensitivity was associated with more frequent intake of fast food (b ± linearized SE = 0.24 ± 0.05, p < 0.001), sweet and salty snacks (0.21 ± 0.05, p < 0.001), foods made with cheese (0.14 ± 0.06, p = 0.03), soda (0.12 ± 0.04, p = 0.009), processed meats (0.12 ± 0.05, p = 0.045), and fish (0.08 ± 0.03, p = 0.03) but was not associated with intake frequency of fruit or juice, green or orange vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts/seeds, or dairy products. Food reward sensitivity was associated with greater intake of discretionary foods but was not associated with intake of most health-promoting foods, suggesting food reward sensitivity may lead to preferential intake of unhealthful foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonja R Nansel
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Leah M Lipsky
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Miriam H Eisenberg
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Denise L Haynie
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Danping Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Bruce Simons-Morton
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Cheval B, Sarrazin P, Radel R. Processus automatiques et activités physiques bénéfiques pour la santé. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2016. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy.162.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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9
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[The influence of progress toward a health goal on a sense of hunger]. SHINRIGAKU KENKYU : THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 84:112-8. [PMID: 23847998 DOI: 10.4992/jjpsy.84.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In terms of goal management, this study examined whether progress toward one goal (health goal) leads to goal shifting to another goal (fulfill one's appetite). In the experiment, 47 participants were asked to drink the same quantity of vegetable juice out of either a large or a small cup. Then they rated how hungry they were at that moment. Results showed that participants who drank out of a small cup reported a sense of feeling hungrier than those who drank out of a large cup because the former perceived progress toward a health goal more than the latter. Furthermore, concern with daily intake of vegetables moderated this tendency. Participants who were less concerned with daily intake of vegetables were more likely to report feeling hungrier after drinking out of a small cup (versus a large cup). These results support our hypothesis. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these mechanisms for self-regulation.
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Abstract
What are the psychological mechanisms that make dieting so challenging in our food-rich living environment? Social psychological research on goal priming provides a useful framework for answering this question, as well as implications for how to enhance dieting success. This review presents and discusses recent research which shows that attractive food cues prime the hedonic eating goal in dieters, and thus facilitate overeating. However, external cues priming the goal of weight control can be used to offset these effects and thus to facilitate dieting success, as is demonstrated in both field and laboratory experiments. In addition, recent strategies to prevent hedonic effects of attractive food, such as mindful attention, can facilitate self-regulation. These recent advances in our understanding of dieting behavior have theoretical and practical implications for how successful dieting can be facilitated, both by means of individual strategies, as well as by environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther K. Papies
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Utrecht University, Postbus 80140, 3508TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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12
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Tong EMW, Ang MS, Chua ASY. The attitudinal consequences of thought suppression: a focus on thinness thoughts. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 52:64-82. [PMID: 21883297 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four studies examined whether thought suppression could enhance attitude accessibility and whether behaviours that are consistent with the more accessible attitudes would follow. Thinness was examined as the attitude object. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that suppression of positive thoughts about thinness increased the accessibility of the positive attitudes associated with thinness. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that suppression of positive thinness thoughts also elicited more health-promoting behaviours. The implications of the findings for attitude accessibility and the practical consequences of thought suppression are discussed.
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Havermans RC. “You Say it's Liking, I Say it's Wanting …”. On the difficulty of disentangling food reward in man. Appetite 2011; 57:286-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Papies EK, Stroebe W, Aarts H. Who likes it more? Restrained eaters' implicit attitudes towards food. Appetite 2009; 53:279-87. [PMID: 19591886 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has been unclear as to how restrained eating is related to implicit attitudes towards food. The present paper introduces a new variant of the affective priming paradigm to measure implicit attitudes towards food among restrained and unrestrained eaters, using food pictures as primes and emoticons as targets. Results of two studies show that while unrestrained eaters evaluate palatable foods more positively than neutral and unpalatable foods, restrained eaters do not. In addition, it is shown that restrained eaters have stronger evaluations of the negative aspects of palatable food, and this influences their food attitudes. Thus, the present findings suggest that restrained eaters' chronic goal of dieting impacts their implicit attitude towards food items via their perception of the negative aspects of palatable food. These results are discussed with regard to the role of attitudes in the regulation of eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther K Papies
- Utrecht University, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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