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Schrills T, Kojan L, Gruner M, Calero Valdez A, Franke T. Effects of User Experience in Automated Information Processing on Perceived Usefulness of Digital Contact-Tracing Apps: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e53940. [PMID: 38916941 PMCID: PMC11234054 DOI: 10.2196/53940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pandemic situations, digital contact tracing (DCT) can be an effective way to assess one's risk of infection and inform others in case of infection. DCT apps can support the information gathering and analysis processes of users aiming to trace contacts. However, users' use intention and use of DCT information may depend on the perceived benefits of contact tracing. While existing research has examined acceptance in DCT, automation-related user experience factors have been overlooked. OBJECTIVE We pursued three goals: (1) to analyze how automation-related user experience (ie, perceived trustworthiness, traceability, and usefulness) relates to user behavior toward a DCT app, (2) to contextualize these effects with health behavior factors (ie, threat appraisal and moral obligation), and (3) to collect qualitative data on user demands for improved DCT communication. METHODS Survey data were collected from 317 users of a nationwide-distributed DCT app during the COVID-19 pandemic after it had been in app stores for >1 year using a web-based convenience sample. We assessed automation-related user experience. In addition, we assessed threat appraisal and moral obligation regarding DCT use to estimate a partial least squares structural equation model predicting use intention. To provide practical steps to improve the user experience, we surveyed users' needs for improved communication of information via the app and analyzed their responses using thematic analysis. RESULTS Data validity and perceived usefulness showed a significant correlation of r=0.38 (P<.001), goal congruity and perceived usefulness correlated at r=0.47 (P<.001), and result diagnosticity and perceived usefulness had a strong correlation of r=0.56 (P<.001). In addition, a correlation of r=0.35 (P<.001) was observed between Subjective Information Processing Awareness and perceived usefulness, suggesting that automation-related changes might influence the perceived utility of DCT. Finally, a moderate positive correlation of r=0.47 (P<.001) was found between perceived usefulness and use intention, highlighting the connection between user experience variables and use intention. Partial least squares structural equation modeling explained 55.6% of the variance in use intention, with the strongest direct predictor being perceived trustworthiness (β=.54; P<.001) followed by moral obligation (β=.22; P<.001). Based on the qualitative data, users mainly demanded more detailed information about contacts (eg, place and time of contact). They also wanted to share information (eg, whether they wore a mask) to improve the accuracy and diagnosticity of risk calculation. CONCLUSIONS The perceived result diagnosticity of DCT apps is crucial for perceived trustworthiness and use intention. By designing for high diagnosticity for the user, DCT apps could improve their support in the action regulation of users, resulting in higher perceived trustworthiness and use in pandemic situations. In general, automation-related user experience has greater importance for use intention than general health behavior or experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schrills
- Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lilian Kojan
- Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marthe Gruner
- Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - André Calero Valdez
- Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Franke
- Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Marinthe G, Brown G, Cristea M, Kutlaca M. Predicting vaccination hesitancy: The role of basic needs satisfaction and institutional trust. Vaccine 2024; 42:3592-3600. [PMID: 38704252 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Autonomous motivation is considered a powerful driver of health behaviour, but less is known about the specific roles played by basic needs. Drawing on the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this research examined basic needs as a motivational determinant of vaccination. We hypothesized that satisfaction of basic needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) has both a direct and an indirect effect (through trust in science and government) on vaccine hesitancy. Two studies (Study 1: N = 968 French and British; Study 2, pre-registered: N = 716 Americans) tested our hypotheses and compared vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals using multigroup structural equation models. We found positive direct (in both studies) and indirect (in Study 1) effects of autonomy satisfaction on vaccine acceptance. In contrast, competence satisfaction was directly and indirectly, via science mistrust, related to vaccine hesitancy, particularly among non-vaccinated people. Competence satisfaction also indirectly reduced the intention to vaccinate in both studies. We found no impact of relatedness. Complementing previous work on self-determination theory, our research demonstrates the importance of considering the distinct roles of basic needs. Moreover, we highlight that increasing autonomy and science trust may be an efficient strategy to improve vaccine acceptance and vaccination, even among reluctant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Marinthe
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, University of Paris 8 Vincennes, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Genavee Brown
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Ellison Pl, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
| | - Mioara Cristea
- School of Social Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Maja Kutlaca
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Upper Mountjoy, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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Toussard L, Meyer T. Autonomous communication with normative information facilitates positive spillover: promoting pro-environmental behaviors in a local setting. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38825854 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2353663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
A pro-environmental behavior (PEB) intervention may increase the adoption of other PEBs that were not targeted by the intervention, leading to a positive spillover effect. Communication that both support autonomy, as defined by self-determination theory, and compliance with descriptive norms may promote the targeted PEBs and positive spillover effect. Such communication may enhance autonomous motivation to adopt PEBs. A pilot study (N = 350) about waste management in a university campus found that autonomous communication supplemented by normative information influenced both targeted and non-targeted behavioral intentions, compared to autonomous-only and controlling communication. Findings were replicated in a main study (N = 629). An intervention combining autonomy support and descriptive norms increased the likelihood of a positive spillover effect in contrast to an intervention combining controlling communication and descriptive norms. In both studies, autonomous motivation mediated the positive spillover effect. Results suggest that communication that promotes autonomous motivation by fulfilling basic self-determination needs may have a broader effect on a wider range of PEBs.
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Waterschoot J, Morbée S, Soenens B, Van den Bergh O, Raemdonck E, Brisbois M, Schmitz M, Klein O, Luminet O, Van Oost P, Yzerbyt V, Vansteenkiste M. Psychological need fulfillment as a source of resilience: Its protective role in concerns and symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:632-652. [PMID: 37985398 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in well-being has been demonstrated convincingly. Yet whether their fulfillment also serves as a source of resilience in the face of adversity has received limited attention. A longitudinal sample of Belgian citizens (N = 1869; Mage = 56.23, 68% female) completed an online questionnaire on 13 occasions between April 2020 and April 2022 during the COVID-19 crisis. Multilevel analyses showed that need fulfillment, both at the between- and within-person level, related negatively to concerns, even after controlling for exposure to personal risks. Further, the association between concerns and changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety was dampened when people reported higher need fulfillment compared with others (i.e. between-person level) or when they reported periodically more need fulfillment than usual (i.e. within-person level). This moderation effect occurred on top of the systematic negative main effect of need fulfillment on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Psychological need fulfillment serves as a resilience factor (a) by reducing concerns in the face of adverse events (i.e. an appraisal effect) and (b) by mobilizing resources that help individuals to deal better with concerns (i.e. a coping effect). Theoretical and practical implications of the resilience effect of need fulfillment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Waterschoot
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Morbée
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Omer Van den Bergh
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Raemdonck
- Maison des Sciences Humaines, Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Brisbois
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mathias Schmitz
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Klein
- Maison des Sciences Humaines, Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascaline Van Oost
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Wollast R, Schmitz M, Bigot A, Brisbois M, Luminet O. Predicting health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299868. [PMID: 38489308 PMCID: PMC10942062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the social, emotional, and cognitive predictors of adherence to four health behaviors (handwashing, mask wearing, social contact limitations, and physical distancing) during one critical phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data (N = 5803, mean age = 53; 57% women) in Belgium at five time points between April and July 2021, a time during which infections evolved from high (third wave of the pandemic) to low numbers of COVID-19 cases. The results show that the social, emotional, and cognitive predictors achieved high levels of explained variance (R2 > .60). In particular, the central components of behavioral change (attitudes, intentions, control, habits, norms, and risk) were the strongest and most consistent predictors of health behaviors over time. Likewise, autonomous motivation and empathetic emotions (e.g., attentive, compassionate) had a positive impact on health behavior adherence, whereas it was the opposite for lively emotions (e.g., active, enthusiastic). These results offer policymakers actionable insights into the most potent and stable factors associated with health behaviors, equipping them with effective strategies to curtail the spread of future infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wollast
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mathias Schmitz
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alix Bigot
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie Brisbois
- Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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Waterschoot J, Vansteenkiste M, Yzerbyt V, Morbée S, Klein O, Luminet O, Schmitz M, Van Oost P, Van Raemdonck E, Brisbois M, Van den Bergh O. Risk perception as a motivational resource during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of vaccination status and emerging variants. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:731. [PMID: 38448885 PMCID: PMC10918917 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People's perceived risk of being infected and having severe illness was conceived as a motivational source of adherence to behavioral measures during the COVID-19 crisis. METHODS We used online self-reported data, spanning 20 months of the COVID-19 crisis in Belgium (n = 221,791; 34.4% vaccinated; July 2020 - March 2022) to study the association between risk perception and motivation. RESULTS Both perceived infection probability and severity fluctuated across time as a function of the characteristics of emerging variants, with unvaccinated persons perceiving decreasingly less risk compared to vaccinated ones. Perceived severity (and not perceived probability) was the most critical predictor of autonomous motivation for adherence to health-protective measures, a pattern observed at both the between-day and between-person level among both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. An integrated process model further indicated that on days with higher hospitalization load, participants reported being more adherent because risk severity and autonomous motivation for adherence were more elevated on these days. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that risk severity served as a critical and dynamic resource for adherence to behavioral measures because it fostered greater autonomous regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Waterschoot
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sofie Morbée
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Klein
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology (CeSCuP), Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathias Schmitz
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pascaline Van Oost
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Eveline Van Raemdonck
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Brisbois
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Omer Van den Bergh
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Claeys AS, De Waele A. From Message to Messenger: Should Politicians Lead-by-Example to Increase Compliance with Public Health Directives? HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3393-3408. [PMID: 36453247 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2150806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes that in order to increase compliance with government directives during health crises, we should consider the message as well as the messenger. Prior research shows that highly instructional crisis communication increases compliance during acute crisis situations. Crisis communication literature provides no clear answers on how to address prolonged crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, however. We examined the impact of crisis communication on compliance with health directives in March - April 2021, during the third wave of the pandemic in Belgium. Two field experiments were conducted at two different points in time. Participants received an informational message from Belgian authorities, that was either highly instructional or not. Next, they watched a set of messages from traditional and social media, depicting Belgian politicians setting a good or a bad example in terms of adhering to public health directives. Instructional messages only proved to be effective in the first study. Leading-by-example had a stronger impact, especially in study two. During the third wave of COVID-19, Belgian people seemed more inclined to follow public health directives when politicians set the right example, due to an increase in trust in the government. Bad examples, however, decreased compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Claeys
- Department of Translation, Interpreting and Communication, Ghent University
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8
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Waterschoot J, Morbée S, Van den Bergh O, Yzerbyt V, Raemdonck E, Brisbois M, Schmitz M, Klein O, Luminet O, Oost PV, Vansteenkiste M. How the Stringency of the COVID-19 Restrictions Influences Motivation for Adherence and Well-Being: The Critical Role of Proportionality. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:8021. [PMID: 38618783 PMCID: PMC10699813 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stringency of the measures taken by governments to combat the COVID-19 pandemic varied considerably across countries and time. In the present study, we examined how the proportionality to the epidemiological situation is related to citizens'behavior, motivation and mental health. METHODS Across 421 days between March 2020 and March 2022, 273,722 Belgian participants (Mage = 49.47; 63.9% female; 33% single) completed an online questionnaire. Multiple linear mixed regression modeling was used to examine the interaction between the epidemiological situation, as indicated by the actual hospitalization numbers, and the stringency index to predict day-to-day variation in the variables of interest. RESULTS Systematic evidence emerged showing that disproportional situations, as opposed to proportional situations, were associated with a clear pattern of maladaptive outcomes. Specifically, when either strict or lenient measures were disproportional in relation to the epidemiological situation, people reported lower autonomous motivation, more controlled motivation and amotivation, less adherence to sanitary rules, higher perceived risk of infection, lower need satisfaction, and higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. Perceived risk severity especially covaried with the stringency of the measures. At the absolute level, citizens reported the highest need satisfaction and mental health during days with proportional lenient measures. CONCLUSION Stringent measures are not per se demotivating or compromising of people's well-being, nor are lenient measures as such motivating or enhancing well-being. Only proportional measures, that is, measures with a level of stringency that is aligned with the actual epidemiological situation, are associated with the greatest motivational, behavioral, and mental health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Waterschoot
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Morbée
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Omer Van den Bergh
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Eveline Raemdonck
- Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marie Brisbois
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mathias Schmitz
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Klein
- Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascaline Van Oost
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Pietilä M, Saurio K, Martela F, Silfver M, Hankonen N. Basic psychological needs, quality of motivation, and protective behavior intentions: a nationally representative survey study. Health Psychol Behav Med 2023; 11:2257295. [PMID: 37811315 PMCID: PMC10557624 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2257295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Building on the Self-Determination Theory, this study examines how basic psychological need satisfaction related to COVID-19 behavioral measures is associated with motivation quality and whether motivation quality is associated with intention to wear a face mask and to avoid meeting others. Methods Cross-sectional survey study involving a nationally representative sample of Finnish adult population aged 18-79 (N = 2272, M age = 48.63, SD = 16.89, 975 men and 1297 women) was conducted in Finland in May 2021 when protective behaviors were recommended to prevent acceleration of the epidemic. Measures included scales of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Adhering to COVID Prevention Measures, Motivation to Adhere to COVID Prevention Measures, Perceived Personal Risk, Fear of COVID-19, and Protective Behavior Intention. Analysis of variance tests, linear regression analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were conducted. Perceived personal risk and fear of COVID-19 were controlled for in the regression analyses. Results All three psychological needs were positively related to autonomous motivation (all p < .001). Autonomous motivation (range OR = 1.82-3.55, p = .001) was consistently related to intention to wear a mask and intention to avoid meeting people. Controlled motivation (range OR = .66-.93, p = .001-.457) was associated with decreased protective behavior intentions. The effects of amotivation (range OR = .65-1.02, p = .001-.911) varied across analyses. Conclusions Fostering autonomous motivation could increase adherence to protective behaviors in situations without clear mandates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Pietilä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Saurio
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Frank Martela
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| | - Mia Silfver
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Meng L, Lin X, Du J, Zhang X, Lu X. Autonomy support and prosocial impact facilitate meaningful work: A daily diary study. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2023; 47:1-16. [PMID: 37359245 PMCID: PMC10004447 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-023-10006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
This study pays attention to within-person fluctuations in meaningful work and its antecedents and consequences. Considering self- and other-oriented dimensions as crucial pathways to meaningful work, effects of daily perceived autonomy support and prosocial impact on one's meaningful work were examined. A daily diary study was conducted in which 86 nurses from varied hospitals reported their work experiences for 10 consecutive workdays (860 occasions). Results of multilevel modeling showed that both day-level perceived autonomy support and prosocial impact were positively related to day-level meaningful work, which served as the mediator between them and work engagement. Prosocial orientation strengthened the positive relationship between day-level perceived prosocial impact and day-level meaningful work. However, autonomy orientation negatively moderated the effect of day-level perceived autonomy support on day-level meaningful work, suggesting the necessity to distinguish between assisted and asserted autonomy orientation. Our findings illustrate the transient and dynamic nature of meaningful work and provide empirical evidences linking suggested managerial practices to employees' meaningful work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior, Shanghai, China
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Organizational Behavior and Organizational Neuroscience, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Organizational Behavior and Organizational Neuroscience, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Administration and Management Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Elkin JA, McDowell M, Yau B, Machiri SV, Pal S, Briand S, Muneene D, Nguyen T, Purnat TD. The Good Talk! A Serious Game to Boost People's Competence to Have Open Conversations About COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e40753. [PMID: 36884269 PMCID: PMC9997707 DOI: 10.2196/40753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is one of the many factors impeding efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Exacerbated by the COVID-19 infodemic, misinformation has undermined public trust in vaccination, led to greater polarization, and resulted in a high social cost where close social relationships have experienced conflict or disagreements about the public health response. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to describe the theory behind the development of a digital behavioral science intervention-The Good Talk!-designed to target vaccine-hesitant individuals through their close contacts (eg, family, friends, and colleagues) and to describe the methodology of a research study to evaluate its efficacy. METHODS The Good Talk! uses an educational serious game approach to boost the skills and competences of vaccine advocates to have open conversations about COVID-19 with their close contacts who are vaccine hesitant. The game teaches vaccine advocates evidence-based open conversation skills to help them speak with individuals who have opposing points of view or who may ascribe to nonscientifically supported beliefs while retaining trust, identifying common ground, and fostering acceptance and respect of divergent views. The game is currently under development and will be available on the web, free to access for participants worldwide, and accompanied by a promotional campaign to recruit participants through social media channels. This protocol describes the methodology for a randomized controlled trial that will compare participants who play The Good Talk! game with a control group that plays the widely known noneducational game Tetris. The study will evaluate a participant's open conversation skills, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions to have an open conversation with a vaccine-hesitant individual both before and after game play. RESULTS Recruitment will commence in early 2023 and will cease once 450 participants complete the study (225 per group). The primary outcome is improvement in open conversation skills. Secondary outcomes are self-efficacy and behavioral intentions to have an open conversation with a vaccine-hesitant individual. Exploratory analyses will examine the effect of the game on implementation intentions as well as potential covariates or subgroup differences based on sociodemographic information or previous experiences with COVID-19 vaccination conversations. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of the project is to promote more open conversations regarding COVID-19 vaccination. We hope that our approach will encourage more governments and public health experts to engage in their mission to reach their citizens directly with digital health solutions and to consider such interventions as an important tool in infodemic management. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/40753.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Elkin
- Digital Health and Innovation Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelle McDowell
- Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Yau
- Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Shanthi Pal
- Department of Regulation and Prequalification, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Briand
- Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Derrick Muneene
- Digital Health and Innovation Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim Nguyen
- Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tina D Purnat
- Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Politically-polarized perceptions of governmental autonomy-support impact internal motivations to comply with COVID-19 safety guidelines. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2023; 47:7-27. [PMID: 35966622 PMCID: PMC9363853 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-022-09974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Compliance with health safety guidelines is essential during pandemics. However, political polarization in the U.S. is reducing compliance. We investigated how polarized perceptions of government leaders' autonomy-support and enforcement policies impacted security and internally-motivated compliance with national (Study 1a) and state (Study 1b) safety guidelines. We surveyed 773 Republicans and Democrats from four states (California, Florida, New York, Texas) during the first wave of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, participants perceived that the decision processes of opposing political administrations did not support their autonomy. Lack of autonomy-support was associated with reduced security and internal motivations to comply (R 2 = 50.83%). When political administrations enforced health safety mandates (Democrat state leaders in this study) and were perceived as autonomy-supportive, participants reported the highest security and internally-motivated compliance (R 2 = 49.57%). This effect was especially pronounced for Republicans, who reacted negatively to enforcement without autonomy-support. Political leaders who use fair and supportive decision-making processes may legitimize enforcement of health safety guidelines, improving compliance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11031-022-09974-x.
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13
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Schmitz M, Wollast R, Bigot A, Luminet O. A cross-national and longitudinal analysis of handwashing and its predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic in France and Belgium. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:855-870. [PMID: 36147293 PMCID: PMC9487924 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2120882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Using a longitudinal design, we investigate how the adherence to handwashing and its underlying socio-psychological predictors evolved over time during the COVID-19 pandemic and under distinct circumstances (e.g. when the crisis was more acute or chronic). Method: We collected data (N = 753) in Belgium and France at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when the crisis was at its peak (April 2020), and almost a year later (February 2021), when the outbreak was more manageable. Results: Regression models suggest that the compliance with handwashing and its pattern of underlying predictors remained remarkably stable over time despite the variations in contextual factors such as the severity of the health crisis and the stringency of health measures. As such, the findings also highlight the robustness of the models that predict it, namely the Theory of Planned Behavior. The intentions to perform the behavior, the perceived control over it, and being part of the (para)medical field were among the strongest predictors. Conclusions: In practice, the stability of the underlying factors suggests a set of action levers that can be used in communication campaigns aimed at fostering its adherence throughout the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schmitz
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Robin Wollast
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alix Bigot
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Reizer A, Galperin BL. "I Refuse to Wear a Mask!" Examining the Relationship Between Grit and Preventative Behaviors and Well-Being: Mediating Role of Motivation. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221144608. [PMID: 36503337 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221144608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite government mandates to wear face masks in some public locations, why do some people still refuse to wear a face mask in public? This paper examines the relationship between grit, COVID-19 preventative health measure, and distress. Further, the mediating role of COVID-19 autonomous and controlled motivation is also investigated. The results suggest that grit is directly related to decreased distress and increased preventative behaviors. COVID-19 autonomous and controlled motivated mediated the relationship between grit, distress and preventive behaviors, such that COVID-19 autonomous motivation mediated the association between grit and preventive behaviors; while COVID-19 controlled motivation mediated the relationship between grit and psychological distress. These findings suggest that grit can be an important growth mindset in increasing preventative behaviors and individual well-being during the pandemic. Implications for human resource managers in attempting to help employees cope effectively during the pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abira Reizer
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, 42732Ariel University, Israel
| | - Bella L Galperin
- Department of Management, John H. Sykes College of Business, 7831University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
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15
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Pavey L, Churchill S, Sparks P. Perceived legitimacy can moderate the effect of proscriptive versus prescriptive injunctions on intentions to comply with UK government COVID-19 guidelines and reactance. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 53:JASP12950. [PMID: 36718478 PMCID: PMC9877569 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proscriptive injunctions (i.e., telling people what they should not do) have been found in research to elicit greater perceptions of a threat to freedom, and greater reactance (anger, irritation and annoyance), than prescriptive injunctions (i.e., telling people what they should do), across several health and social behaviors. The current research investigated the effects of Injunction Type (proscriptive vs. prescriptive) and perceived legitimacy of the injunction, on intentions to comply with UK government behavioral guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic, and on reactance. In two online experimental studies (Study 1: N = 142; Study 2: N = 307), UK participants were presented with information about UK government COVID-19 guidelines that included either a proscriptive injunction or prescriptive injunction and reported their perceptions of the legitimacy of the injunction, their intentions to comply with government guidelines, and their reactance. In both Study 1 and Study 2, the effect of Injunction Type on intentions to comply and reactance was moderated by perceived legitimacy. In both studies, when perceived legitimacy was low, participants exposed to the proscriptive injunction indicated lower intentions to comply with UK government COVID-19 guidelines than did participants exposed to the prescriptive injunction. The findings imply that using a prescriptive injunction frame can elicit greater intentions to comply than using a proscriptive injunction frame when people perceive the injunction to be unreasonable. The results are discussed in relation to the role of legitimacy in determining the effectiveness of different types of injunctions on compliance with rules and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Pavey
- School of Law, Social and Behavioral SciencesKingston UniversityLondonUK
| | | | - Paul Sparks
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
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16
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Svendsen M, Jønsson TF. Organizational democracy and meaningful work: The mediating role of employees corporate social responsibility perceptions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:946656. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meaningful work is an important field of research, relating to both organizational outcomes and employee welfare. Organizational democracy has been theoretically proposed as an important antecedent to meaningful work. Nevertheless, this relationship is yet to be empirically explored. Thus, the objective of the current research is to explore the relationship between organizational democracy and meaningful work. We used structural equation modeling with self-reported, cross-sectional data from different nations and industries to test a mediation model in which corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions mediate the positive relationship between organizational democracy and meaningful work. Our findings confirmed that CSR perceptions partially mediate in the relationship between organizational democracy and meaningful work. Thus, based on our findings we can conclude that organizational democracy can play a direct role in increasing the experience of meaningful work, but also an indirect role trough the employees experience of CSR. Our findings have theoretical implications by adding to the classical theoretical literature that connect organizational democracy and meaningful work, and by disentangling the role of CSR perceptions in this relationship. Moreover, our findings have practical implications as our results give important knowledge to managers and organizational stakeholders that wish to increase the experience of meaningful work in organizations.
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Li MH, Haynes K, Kulkarni R, Siddique AB. Determinants of voluntary compliance: COVID-19 mitigation. Soc Sci Med 2022; 310:115308. [PMID: 36041237 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3702687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During the pre-vaccine period, the success of containing the spread of COVID-19 depends upon how communities respond to non-pharmaceutical mitigation policies such as social distancing, wearing of masks, retail and dining constraints, crowd limitation, and shelter-in-place orders. Of these policies, shelter-in-place and social distancing are of central importance. By using county-level mobility data as a measure of a community's voluntary compliance with social distancing policies, this study found that counties who received strong state social distancing policy directives and who had a high pro-social character showed lower mobility on retail and recreation mobility and grocery and pharmacy mobility (better social distancing) after states reopened from shelter-in-place orders. Counties that experienced a longer duration of shelter-in-place orders showed higher mobility (less social distancing), implying that the duration of the shelter-in-place order deteriorated social distancing response after reopening. This may be because reopening sent a "safe" signal to these counties or resulted in a response to the pent-up demand inducing higher mobility. The results indicate that implementing shelter-in-place and social distancing policies to slow down the transmission of COVID-19 were not necessarily effective in motivating a county to reduce mobility voluntarily. A county's pro-social character and the duration of shelter-in-place order should be considered when designing COVID-19 mitigation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Li
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 22201 USA
| | - Kingsley Haynes
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 22201 USA.
| | - Rajendra Kulkarni
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 22201 USA
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 22201 USA
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18
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van der Scheer JW, Ansari A, McLaughlin M, Cox C, Liddell K, Burt J, George J, Kenny R, Cousens R, Leach B, McGowan J, Morley K, Willars J, Dixon-Woods M. Guiding organisational decision-making about COVID-19 asymptomatic testing in workplaces: mixed-method study to inform an ethical framework. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1747. [PMID: 36109810 PMCID: PMC9476340 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace programmes to test staff for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection have become common, but raise a number of ethical challenges. In this article, we report the findings of a consultation that informed the development of an ethical framework for organisational decision-making about such programmes. METHODS We conducted a mixed-method consultation - a survey and semi-structured interviews during November-December 2020 in a UK case study organisation that had introduced asymptomatic testing for all staff working on-site in its buildings. Analysis of closed-ended survey data was conducted descriptively. An analysis approach based on the Framework Method was used for the open-ended survey responses and interview data. The analyses were then integrated to facilitate systematic analysis across themes. Inferences were based on the integrated findings and combined with other inputs (literature review, ethical analysis, legal and public health guidance, expert discussions) to develop an ethical framework. RESULTS The consultation involved 61 staff members from the case study organisation (50 survey respondents and 11 interview participants). There was strong support for the asymptomatic testing programme: 90% of the survey respondents viewed it as helpful or very helpful. Open-ended survey responses and interviews gave insight into participants' concerns, including those relating to goal drift, risk of false negatives, and potential negative impacts for household members and people whose roles lacked contractual and financial stability. Integration of the consultation findings and the other inputs identified the importance of a whole-system approach with appropriate support for the key control measure of isolation following positive tests. The need to build trust in the testing programme, for example through effective communication from leaders, was also emphasised. CONCLUSIONS The consultation, together with other inputs, informed an ethical framework intended to support employers. The framework may support organisational decision-making in areas ranging from design and operation of the programme through to choices about participation. The framework is likely to benefit from further consultation and refinement in new settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W. van der Scheer
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | - Akbar Ansari
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | - Meredith McLaughlin
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
- Homerton College, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 8PH UK
| | - Caitríona Cox
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | - Kathleen Liddell
- Faculty of Law, The David Williams Building, 10 West Rd, Cambridge, CB3 9DZ UK
| | - Jenni Burt
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | - Jenny George
- RAND Europe, Westbrook Centre/Milton Rd, Cambridge, CB4 1YG UK
| | - Rebecca Kenny
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | - Ruth Cousens
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | - Brandi Leach
- RAND Europe, Westbrook Centre/Milton Rd, Cambridge, CB4 1YG UK
| | - James McGowan
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | | | - Janet Willars
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Mary Dixon-Woods
- THIS Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
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19
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Li MH, Kingsley H, Kulkarni R, Siddique AB. Determinants of voluntary compliance: COVID-19 mitigation. Soc Sci Med 2022; 310:115308. [PMID: 36041237 PMCID: PMC9404080 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During the pre-vaccine period, the success of containing the spread of COVID-19 depends upon how communities respond to non-pharmaceutical mitigation policies such as social distancing, wearing of masks, retail and dining constraints, crowd limitation, and shelter-in-place orders. Of these policies, shelter-in-place and social distancing are of central importance. By using county-level mobility data as a measure of a community's voluntary compliance with social distancing policies, this study found that counties who received strong state social distancing policy directives and who had a high pro-social character showed lower mobility on retail and recreation mobility and grocery and pharmacy mobility (better social distancing) after states reopened from shelter-in-place orders. Counties that experienced a longer duration of shelter-in-place orders showed higher mobility (less social distancing), implying that the duration of the shelter-in-place order deteriorated social distancing response after reopening. This may be because reopening sent a "safe" signal to these counties or resulted in a response to the pent-up demand inducing higher mobility. The results indicate that implementing shelter-in-place and social distancing policies to slow down the transmission of COVID-19 were not necessarily effective in motivating a county to reduce mobility voluntarily. A county's pro-social character and the duration of shelter-in-place order should be considered when designing COVID-19 mitigation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Li
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 22201 USA
| | - Haynes Kingsley
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 22201 USA.
| | - Rajendra Kulkarni
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 22201 USA
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 22201 USA
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20
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Morbée S, Waterschoot J, Yzerbyt V, Klein O, Luminet O, Schmitz M, Van den Bergh O, Van Oost P, De Craene S, Vansteenkiste M. Personal and contextual determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention: a vignette study. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1475-1485. [PMID: 35876102 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This vignette study explores which factors contribute to higher COVID-19 vaccination intentions. METHODS Between the 4th-11 January 2021, we recruited 15,901 Belgian citizens (Mage = 50.11 years, range 18-100) through convenience sampling to participate in a vignette study. In each vignette, we manipulated contextual determinants consisting of different factors. Each participant rated six vignettes in terms of the outcomes 'vaccination intention' and 'recommendation to others.' Finally, we explored the benefits of tailored communication by examining whether these ratings depended upon citizens' initial motives for vaccination. RESULTS Participants are most likely to accept a vaccine when they expect no or only small side effects, when the vaccine offers a 95% protection, and when people can no longer infect others (p < 0.001). The possibility to receive the vaccine at home or at the GP's office, highlighting that most citizens are willing to get vaccinated, and emphasizing the protective benefits for others yielded additional positive effects (p < 0.001). Results showed that tailored communication has a small but significant effect, especially for individuals high on distrust-based amotivation (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In addition to vaccine characteristics, there is room for policymakers to respond to those determinants that fall under their control and can thus be highlighted within communication campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Morbée
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Waterschoot
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- Institute for Research in Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Klein
- Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Institute for Research in Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mathias Schmitz
- Institute for Research in Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Pascaline Van Oost
- Institute for Research in Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Silke De Craene
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Smit CR, Bevelander KE, de Leeuw RNH, Buijzen M. Motivating Social Influencers to Engage in Health Behavior Interventions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:885688. [PMID: 35936257 PMCID: PMC9354713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social influencers are widely known as the promotors of purchase behavior as well as for their potential to change health behaviors among individuals in their social networks. For social influencers to be successful in changing behaviors, it is essential that they convey their message in an authentic, original, credible, and persistent manner. In the context of health behavior interventions, this requires a focus on the motivation of social influencers to engage in the intervention. This perspective article describes the importance of motivating social influencers to engage in the desired health behaviors themselves and to promote it within their social network. We briefly describe the current state of knowledge and our empirical experience in implementing health interventions with social influencers. Using insights from self-determination theory, we demonstrate how social influencers can be motivated optimally in health behavior interventions and, thereby, improving the success of the intervention. To illustrate these insights and guide intervention practice, we provide concrete examples of techniques that can be applied in health interventions involving social influencers. We conclude with directions for further research and intervention practice to improve the delivery of health behavior interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal R. Smit
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Crystal R. Smit
| | - Kirsten E. Bevelander
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University and Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Moniek Buijzen
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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22
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Woodland L, Hodson A, Webster RK, Amlôt R, Smith LE, Rubin J. A Qualitative Study Evaluating the Factors Affecting Families' Adherence to the First COVID-19 Lockdown in England Using the COM-B Model and TDF. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127305. [PMID: 35742548 PMCID: PMC9223726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The ability of families to adhere to public health guidance is critical to controlling a pandemic. We conducted qualitative interviews with 30 parents of children aged 18 and under, between 16 and 21 April 2020 when schools in England were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework, we classified the factors that influenced adherence to seven non-pharmaceutical interventions. We found 40 factors that influenced a family’s ability to adhere. Parents generally indicated they could adhere and reported how their family had changed their behaviour to comply with the guidance. Parents primarily reported they were motivated to adhere out of concern for the health consequences of COVID-19, and because the guidance was delivered by the government. However, we found that reduced access to resources (e.g., technology, transport, and outside space) and social influences that encouraged non-adherent behaviour, decreased adherence. Furthermore, we suggest that families with low psychological and physical ability may face additional challenges to adherence and need to be supported. During future school closures, public health agencies should account for these factors when developing guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Woodland
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London SE5 9RJ, UK; (L.E.S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ava Hodson
- Department of War Studies, King’s College London, NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Rebecca K. Webster
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2LT, UK;
| | - Richard Amlôt
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK;
| | - Louise E. Smith
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London SE5 9RJ, UK; (L.E.S.); (J.R.)
| | - James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London SE5 9RJ, UK; (L.E.S.); (J.R.)
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Abstract
Communicating in ways that motivate engagement in social distancing remains a critical global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested motivational qualities of messages about social distancing (those that promoted choice and agency vs. those that were forceful and shaming) in 25,718 people in 89 countries. The autonomy-supportive message decreased feelings of defying social distancing recommendations relative to the controlling message, and the controlling message increased controlled motivation, a less effective form of motivation, relative to no message. Message type did not impact intentions to socially distance, but people’s existing motivations were related to intentions. Findings were generalizable across a geographically diverse sample and may inform public health communication strategies in this and future global health emergencies. Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.
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24
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Zhenjing G, Chupradit S, Ku KY, Nassani AA, Haffar M. Impact of Employees' Workplace Environment on Employees' Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Front Public Health 2022; 10:890400. [PMID: 35646787 PMCID: PMC9136218 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of workplace environment on employee task performance under the mediating role of employee commitment and achievement-striving ability. For this purpose, data were collected from the academic staff under a cross-sectional research design, and they were approached through convenience sampling technique. As per recommendations of established sample size criteria, we distributed a sum of 420 questionnaires among the respondents. Among these distributed questionnaires, only 330 were received back. The returned questionnaires were checked for missing and incomplete responses and after discarding the missing responses useable responses were 314 which were used for the data analysis. Data had been analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) by using Smart PLS 3. The SEM was done based on measurement models and structural models. The results indicated that a positive work environment had the power to improve employee performance. Similarly, a positive work environment also improved the employee commitment level and achievement-striving ability significantly. Both employee commitment and achievement-striving ability also improved employee performance. While in the case of mediation, it had also been observed that workplace environment triggered employee commitment and employee achievement-striving ability which further improved employee performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Zhenjing
- Institute for Cultural Industries, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kuo Yen Ku
- Program in Leisure Industry Management, Commercial College, Chinese Culture University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Kuo Yen Ku
| | - Abdelmohsen A. Nassani
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Haffar
- Department of Management, Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Čavojová V, Adamus M, Ballová Mikušková E. You before me: How vertical collectivism and feelings of threat predicted more socially desirable behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35340689 PMCID: PMC8934055 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between outward orientation and COVID-related prosocial behavior, including adherence to containment measures, caring for others and providing support, limiting one's social life and responsible purchasing behavior. A sample of 500 Slovaks (250 women) aged between 18 and 86 (M = 44.32, SD = 15.66) participated in the study and responded to questions concerning their sociodemographic and personality characteristics, collectivism and individualism, the consciousness of future consequences and emotional responses to the pandemic. The results show that apart from the perceived threat of COVID-19, vertical collectivism is among the strongest antecedents of COVID-related prosocial behavior. Specifically, feelings of threat, vertical collectivism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, liberalism, and education predicted more prosocial behavior during the pandemic. Consequently, the study indicates that while excessive fear may have adverse effects on individuals' well-being, appealing to and cultivating collectivistic sentiments could contribute not only to containing the pandemic but also to making others' lives more bearable while it lasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Čavojová
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Adamus
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Ballová Mikušková
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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26
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Yeung YY, Yu CP. Motivating young adults to connect with nature for stress relief: A study in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:922107. [PMID: 36147970 PMCID: PMC9486065 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.922107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known exposure to and connectedness with nature is beneficial for psychological wellbeing and stress relief. However, many factors hinder people, including young adults, from utilizing natural resources for healing. The present study indicates using a motivational enhancement approach and additional motivational elements in public messaging to address ambivalence toward nature exposure successfully results in favorable impacts on belief, intention, recall of positive nature elements, and perceived stress. Because this study coincided with the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan, it offers a valuable opportunity for exploring how effective the motivational indicators were at different stages of the pandemic, as well as how connectedness to nature can explain perceived stress. In measuring motivation, we captured the essential elements of mobilizing young adults to connect with nature while also exploring potential expansion of behavioral indicators. We discuss how to foster inspiration during a pandemic to enhance connectedness to nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yan Yeung
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pin Yu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nantou, Taiwan
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27
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Vermote B, Waterschoot J, Morbée S, Van der Kaap-Deeder J, Schrooyen C, Soenens B, Ryan R, Vansteenkiste M. Do Psychological Needs Play a Role in Times of Uncertainty? Associations with Well-Being During the COVID-19 Crisis. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:257-283. [PMID: 33942013 PMCID: PMC8081282 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-021-00398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Across the world, measures were taken to contain the spreading of the COVID-19 virus. Many of these measures caused a sudden rupture in people's daily routines, thereby eliciting considerable uncertainty and potentially also hampering the satisfaction of individuals' psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Drawing upon Maslow's Hierarchical Need Theory and Self-Determination Theory, this study examined the unique role of felt insecurity and the psychological needs, as well as their dynamic interplay, in the prediction of mental health. A large and heterogeneous sample of adults (N = 5118; Mage = 43.45 years) was collected during the first ten days of the lockdown period in Flanders, Belgium. A subsample (N = 835, Mage = 41.39) participated during a second wave one week later. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that felt insecurity, need satisfaction and need frustration all independently predicted various positive (life satisfaction, sleep quality) and negative indicators depressive symptoms, anxiety) of mental health, with little systematic evidence for interactions between the predictors. The pattern of findings obtained concurrently largely held in the longitudinal analyses. Finally, results showed that associations between felt insecurity and lower concurrent and prospective mental health were partially mediated by need satisfaction and frustration, with especially psychological need frustration predicting changes in mental health over time. Overall, the findings suggest that satisfaction of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is not just a 'luxury good'. Satisfaction of these needs is important also in times of insecurity, while need frustration represents a risk factor for maladjustment during such times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Vermote
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Waterschoot
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Morbée
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Charlotte Schrooyen
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Ryan
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Andersson C, Bendtsen M, Molander O, Granlund L, Topooco N, Engström K, Lindfors P, Berman AH. Associations between compliance with covid-19 public health recommendations and perceived contagion in others: a self-report study in Swedish university students. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:429. [PMID: 34823585 PMCID: PMC8613723 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective During the COVID pandemic, government authorities worldwide have tried to limit the spread of the virus. Sweden’s distinctive feature was the use of voluntary public health recommendations. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of this strategy. Based on data collected in the spring of 2020, this study explored associations between compliance with recommendations and observed symptoms of contagion in others, using self-report data from university students. Results Compliance with recommendations ranged between 69.7 and 95.7 percent. Observations of moderate symptoms of contagion in “Someone else I have had contact with” and “Another person” were markedly associated with reported self-quarantine, which is the most restrictive recommendation, complied with by 81.2% of participants. Uncertainty regarding the incidence and severity of contagion in cohabitants was markedly associated with the recommendation to avoid public transportation, a recommendation being followed by 69.7%. It is concluded that students largely followed the voluntary recommendations implemented in Sweden, suggesting that coercive measures were not necessary. Compliance with recommendations were associated with the symptoms students saw in others, and with the perceived risk of contagion in the student’s immediate vicinity. It is recommended that voluntary recommendations should stress personal relevance, and that close relatives are at risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05848-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Andersson
- Department of Criminology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marcus Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olof Molander
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilian Granlund
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naira Topooco
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Lindfors
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne H Berman
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Hu Y, Ye B, Tan J. Stress of COVID-19, Anxiety, Economic Insecurity, and Mental Health Literacy: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707079. [PMID: 34858248 PMCID: PMC8631766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is currently a global health threat attributed to negatively affecting the mental health and well-being of people globally. The purpose of the current study is to examine the mediating roles of economic insecurity and mental health literacy in the relationship between stress about COVID-19 and anxiety. Results from the current study using a large sample of Chinese college students (N = 1,334) showed that stress of COVID-19 was positively associated with economic insecurity and anxiety while negatively associated with mental health literacy, which in turn was negatively associated with anxiety. These results elucidate our understanding of the role of mediators in stress about COVID-19 and anxiety. The findings are useful in terms of providing evidence for tailoring interventions and implementing preventative approaches to mitigate anxiety due to stress of COVID-19. Based on the present findings and within the context of COVID-19, the potential utility of promoting MHL to reduce the psychopathological consequences of COVID-19 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Hu
- School of Psychology, Center of Preschool Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Center of Mental Health Education, Anhui Health College, Chizhou, China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- School of Psychology, Center of Preschool Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiawen Tan
- School of Arts and Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
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30
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Rudert SC, Gleibs IH, Gollwitzer M, Häfner M, Hajek KV, Harth NS, Häusser JA, Imhoff R, Schneider D. Us and the Virus. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. From a social psychological perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated protective measures affected individuals’ social relations and basic psychological needs. We aim to identify sources of need frustration (stressors) and possibilities to bolster need satisfaction (buffers). Particularly, we highlight emerging empirical research in which social psychological theorizing can contribute to our understanding of the pandemic’s social consequences: Loneliness, social networks, role conflicts, social identity, compliance, trust, reactance, and conspiracy beliefs. We highlight directions for future social psychological research as the pandemic continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma C. Rudert
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Ilka H. Gleibs
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Michael Häfner
- Communication Psychology, Berlin University of the Arts, Germany
| | | | - Nicole S. Harth
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany
| | - Jan A. Häusser
- Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Dana Schneider
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
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31
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When, why, and how do People Deviate from Physical Distancing Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study. Psychol Belg 2021; 61:262-273. [PMID: 34540263 PMCID: PMC8415177 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To limit the spread of COVID-19, many countries, including Belgium, have installed physical distancing measures. Yet, adherence to these newly installed behavioral measures has been described as challenging and effortful. Based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model, this study performed an in-depth evaluation of when, why, and how people deviated from the physical distancing measures. Methods An online mixed-method study was conducted among Belgian adults (N = 2055) in the beginning of May 2020. Participants were recruited via an open call through email and social media platforms, using snowball sampling. Conditions wherein people deviated from the physical distancing measures were assessed by means of an open-ended question. HAPA determinants were assessed in a quantitative way. Results Half of the sample reported to deviate from the measures. Further, deviation from the measures was associated with each determinant outlined by the HAPA. Findings highlight that many people deviated from the measures because of their need for social contact. The majority of the people who deviated from the measures stated that they carefully weighed the risks of their behavior. Conclusions Need for social contact pushed people to deviate from physical distancing measures in a deliberate manner. Potential areas for future interventions aimed at promoting adherence to physical distancing measures and enhancing psychosocial well-being are discussed.
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32
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Porat T, Burnell R, Calvo RA, Ford E, Paudyal P, Baxter WL, Parush A. "Vaccine Passports" May Backfire: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in the UK and Israel on Willingness to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080902. [PMID: 34452027 PMCID: PMC8402442 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic “vaccine passports” are being implemented across the world as a way of increasing vaccinated people’s freedom of movement and to encourage vaccination. However, these vaccine passports may affect people’s vaccination decisions in unintended and undesirable ways. This cross-sectional study investigated whether people’s willingness and motivation to get vaccinated relate to their psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness), and how vaccine passports might affect these needs. Across two countries and 1358 participants, we found that need frustration—particularly autonomy frustration—was associated with lower willingness to get vaccinated and with a shift from self-determined to external motivation. In Israel (a country with vaccine passports), people reported greater autonomy frustration than in the UK (a country without vaccine passports). Our findings suggest that control measures, such as domestic vaccine passports, may have detrimental effects on people’s autonomy, motivation, and willingness to get vaccinated. Policies should strive to achieve a highly vaccinated population by supporting individuals’ autonomous motivation to get vaccinated and using messages of autonomy and relatedness, rather than applying pressure and external controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Porat
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DB, UK; (R.B.); (R.A.C.); (W.L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryan Burnell
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DB, UK; (R.B.); (R.A.C.); (W.L.B.)
| | - Rafael A. Calvo
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DB, UK; (R.B.); (R.A.C.); (W.L.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Ford
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9PH, UK; (E.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Priya Paudyal
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9PH, UK; (E.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Weston L. Baxter
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DB, UK; (R.B.); (R.A.C.); (W.L.B.)
| | - Avi Parush
- The Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Management, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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33
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Berman AH, Bendtsen M, Molander O, Lindfors P, Lindner P, Granlund L, Topooco N, Engström K, Andersson C. Compliance with recommendations limiting COVID-19 contagion among university students in Sweden: associations with self-reported symptoms, mental health and academic self-efficacy. Scand J Public Health 2021; 50:70-84. [PMID: 34213359 PMCID: PMC8808007 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211027824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The COVID-19 containment strategy in Sweden uses public health recommendations relying on personal responsibility for compliance. Universities were one of few public institutions subject to strict closure, meaning that students had to adapt overnight to online teaching. This study investigates the prevalence of self-reported recommendation compliance and associations with self-reported symptoms of contagion, self-experienced effects on mental health and academic self-efficacy among university students in Sweden in May-June 2020. METHODS This was a cross-sectional 23 question online survey in which data were analysed by multinomial regression, taking a Bayesian analysis approach complemented by null hypothesis testing. RESULTS A total of 4495 students consented to respond. Recommendation compliance ranged between 70% and 96%. Women and older students reported higher compliance than did men and younger students. Mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms were reported by 30%, severe symptoms by fewer than 2%; 15% reported being uncertain and half of the participants reported no symptoms. Mental health effects were reported by over 80%, and changes in academic self-efficacy were reported by over 85%; in both these areas negative effects predominated. Self-reported symptoms and uncertainty about contagion were associated with non-compliance, negative mental health effects, and impaired academic self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Students generally followed public health recommendations during strict closure of universities, but many reported considerable negative consequences related to mental health and academic self-efficacy. Digital interventions should be developed and evaluated to boost coping skills, build resilience and alleviate student suffering during the pandemic and future similar crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H. Berman
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Sweden
- Anne H. Berman, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Von Kraemers allé 1A & 1C, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail:
| | - Marcus Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Olof Molander
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Sweden
| | | | - Philip Lindner
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Sweden
| | | | - Naira Topooco
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Claes Andersson
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Department of Criminology, Malmö University, Sweden
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