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Wesche R, Claxton SE, Waterman EA. Emotional Outcomes of Casual Sexual Relationships and Experiences: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:1069-1084. [PMID: 32991206 PMCID: PMC8579856 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1821163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are common and emotionally significant occurrences. Given the uncommitted, often emotionally complicated nature of CSREs, researchers have asked whether these experiences may have positive and/or negative emotional consequences. We reviewed 71 quantitative articles examining emotional outcomes of CSREs, including subjective emotional reactions (e.g., excitement, regret) and emotional health (e.g., depression, self-esteem). Overall, people evaluated their CSREs more positively than negatively. In contrast, CSREs were associated with short-term declines in emotional health in most studies examining changes in emotional health within a year of CSRE involvement. Emotional outcomes of CSREs differed across people and situations. Women and individuals with less permissive attitudes toward CSREs experienced worse emotional outcomes of CSREs. Alcohol use prior to CSREs, not being sexually satisfied, and not knowing a partner well were also associated with worse emotional outcomes. These findings suggest directions for prevention/intervention related to CSREs. For example, skill-building related to sexual decision-making may help individuals decide whether, and under what circumstances, CSREs are likely to result in positive or negative emotional outcomes. In addition, the limitations of extant research suggest directions for future inquiry (e.g., examining whether verbal and nonverbal consent practices predict emotional outcomes of CSREs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Emily A. Waterman
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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2
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Trigueros R, Pérez-Jiménez JM, García-Mas A, Aguilar-Parra JM, Fernandez-Batanero JM, Luque de la Rosa A, Manzano-León A, Navarro N. Adaptation and Validation of the Eudaimonic Well-Being Questionnaire to the Spanish Sport Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3609. [PMID: 33807158 PMCID: PMC8036994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies to date that have focused on the well-being of the athlete have been based on the hedonic point of view. However, there is a second point of view: eudemonia. Therefore, the present study aims to validate and adapt the Eudemonic Well-Being Scale to the sport context. The study involved 2487 from several sport clubs. Several confirmatory factor analyses were carried out and showed that the six-factor questionnaire was the one with the best fit indices. These results show that the scale is in relation to the original scale (from Spain) and to Waterman's theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Trigueros
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.P.-J.); (A.M.-L.); (N.N.)
| | - José M. Pérez-Jiménez
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.P.-J.); (A.M.-L.); (N.N.)
| | - Alejandro García-Mas
- GICAFE Research Group, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
| | - José M. Aguilar-Parra
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.P.-J.); (A.M.-L.); (N.N.)
| | - José M. Fernandez-Batanero
- Faculty of Education Science, Teaching and Educational Organization, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Manzano-León
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.P.-J.); (A.M.-L.); (N.N.)
| | - Noelia Navarro
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.P.-J.); (A.M.-L.); (N.N.)
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Sofija E, Harris N, Sebar B, Phung D. Who Are the Flourishing Emerging Adults on the Urban East Coast of Australia? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1125. [PMID: 33514003 PMCID: PMC7908618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognised that strategies to treat or prevent mental illness alone do not guarantee a mentally healthy population. Emerging adults have been identified as a particularly vulnerable population when it comes to mental health concerns. While mental illnesses are carefully monitored and researched, less is known about mental wellbeing or flourishing, that is, experience of both high hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of flourishing and its predictors among emerging adults in Australia. 1155 emerging adults aged 18-25 years completed a survey containing measures of wellbeing, social networks, social connectedness, health status, and socio-demographic variables. Most participants (60.4%) experienced moderate levels of wellbeing, 38.6% were flourishing and 1% were languishing (low wellbeing). Flourishers were more likely to be older, identify as Indigenous, be in a romantic relationship, study at university, perceive their family background as wealthy, rate their general health status as excellent, and have higher perceived social resources. The findings show that the majority of emerging adults are not experiencing flourishing and offer an insight into potential target groups and settings, such as vocational education colleges, for emerging adult mental health promotion. Interventions that help strengthen social resources have the potential to improve the mental wellbeing of emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesta Sofija
- School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (B.S.); (D.P.)
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Sofija E, Harris N, Phung D, Sav A, Sebar B. Does Flourishing Reduce Engagement in Unhealthy and Risky Lifestyle Behaviours in Emerging Adults? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9472. [PMID: 33348792 PMCID: PMC7766773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is a transitional life stage with increased probability of risky and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours that are known to have strong links with premature mortality and morbidity. Wellbeing, as a positive subjective experience, is identified as a factor that encourages self-care and may steer individuals away from risky lifestyle behaviours. Investigating wellbeing-behaviour links in the emerging adult population may increase understanding of the factors that lead to, and ways to prevent, engagement in risky behaviours. This study examines the association between flourishing, that is, the experience of both high hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, and a broad range of risky and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours among emerging adults in Australia. A cross-sectional survey of 1155 emerging adults aged 18-25 years measured wellbeing, socio-demographics, and six groups of lifestyle behaviours surrounding substance use, physical activity, diet, sex, sun protection, and driving. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that flourishing was negatively associated with more dangerous types of risk behaviours, such as driving under the influence of drugs, and positively associated with self-care behaviours, such as healthier dietary behaviour and sun protection. If enabling emerging adults to flourish can contribute to reduced engagement in risky/unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, then promoting it is an important goal for health promotion efforts not only because flourishing is desirable in its own right, but also to bring about sustainable change in behaviour. Further research is needed to inform the designs of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesta Sofija
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Neil Harris
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Dung Phung
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Adem Sav
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane 4059, Australia;
| | - Bernadette Sebar
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
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Gostoli S, Fantini L, Casadei S, De Angelis VA, Rafanelli C. Binge drinking in 14-year-old Italian students is correlated with low or high psychological well-being: a cross-sectional study. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2020.1799942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gostoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luana Fantini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Casadei
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Matranga D, Restivo V, Maniscalco L, Bono F, Pizzo G, Lanza G, Gaglio V, Mazzucco W, Miceli S. Lifestyle Medicine and Psychological Well-Being toward Health Promotion: A Cross-Sectional Study on Palermo (Southern Italy) Undergraduates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5444. [PMID: 32731643 PMCID: PMC7432036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To assess the attitude toward Lifestyle Medicine and healthy behaviours among students in the healthcare area and to demonstrate its association to psychological well-being; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study is conducted among 508 undergraduates of the University of Palermo (140 (27.6%) in the healthcare area and 368 (72.4%) in the non-healthcare area), during the academic year 2018-2019. Psychological well-being is measured through two dimensions of eudaimonia and hedonia, using the 10-item Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised (HEMA-R) scale, with answers coded on a 7-point scale. The association between demographic and modifiable behavioural risk factors for chronic diseases is assessed through crude and adjusted Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals; (3) Results: Orientation to both hedonia and eudaimonia is significantly associated to the Mediterranean diet (ORAdj = 2.28; 95% CI = (1.42-3.70)) and drinking spirits less than once a week (ORAdj = 1.89; 95% CI = (1.10-3.27)) and once a week or more (ORAdj = 6.02; 95% CI = (1.05-34.52)), while these conditions occur together less frequently for current smokers (ORAdj = 0.38; 95% CI = (0.18-0.81)). Students inclined to well-being consider healthcare professionals as models for their patients and all people in general (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = (1.28-3.00)); (4) Conclusions: The positive relation found between a virtuous lifestyle and psychological well-being suggests the construction, development and cultivation of individual skills are a means to succeed in counteracting at risk behaviours for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Matranga
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Infant Care, Internal and Specialized Medicine “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.M.); (V.R.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (W.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Infant Care, Internal and Specialized Medicine “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.M.); (V.R.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (W.M.)
| | - Laura Maniscalco
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippa Bono
- Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Infant Care, Internal and Specialized Medicine “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.M.); (V.R.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (W.M.)
| | - Valerio Gaglio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Infant Care, Internal and Specialized Medicine “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.M.); (V.R.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (W.M.)
| | - Walter Mazzucco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Infant Care, Internal and Specialized Medicine “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.M.); (V.R.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (W.M.)
| | - Silvana Miceli
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
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Kimiecik J, Horn T, Newman TJ, Kimiecik CM. Moving adolescents for a lifetime of physical activity: shifting to interventions aligned with the third health revolution. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 14:486-503. [PMID: 31814512 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1700820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Public health advocates have been calling for an intensified focus on early, middle, and late adolescence health behaviours due to both the short- and long-term health consequences. Hence, both the health-risk (e.g., alcohol consumption) and health-promoting (e.g., physical activity) behaviours of adolescents have been widely studied to better understand the underlying causes or determinants with an eye towards implementing more effective interventions. The success of these interventions, typically grounded in a risk-reduction/prevention-oriented intervention approach has been modest, especially those focused on health-promoting behaviours, such as physical activity. The purposes of this paper are to (1) conduct a conceptual critique of the risk-reduction/prevention-oriented approach underlying traditional adolescent physical activity interventions, and (2) examine the potential usefulness of an emerging person-based, development-oriented (PBDO) approach for enhancing the motivation and sustainability of adolescent physical activity. Within this PBDO perspective, emphasis is on adolescent growth and development as the starting point for initiating and sustaining physical activity. Implications of the PBDO approach for adolescent physical activity interventions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kimiecik
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Thelma Horn
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Carlyn M Kimiecik
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Mead J. Competing Developmental Demands Among Suicide-Bereaved Emerging Adults. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2018; 81:155-169. [PMID: 29562824 DOI: 10.1177/0030222818764528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative group case study was ascertained to conceptualize theory on the topic of grief and emerging adulthood. A literature review proved no research to this specific experience. The aim of this study was to understand the suicide grief experience in this developmental stage. Based on the exploration of 150 suicide-bereaved emerging adults, participants in the Catholic Charities Young Adult Support Group expressed common themes related to the their unique grief experiences. Criterion sampling was used, as all these individuals voluntarily attended this group after losing a loved one to suicide. The methodology was observation and recording of oral data, and participants were asked to provide quarterly program evaluations. The analysis of data was recorded based on observed themes of statements made by participants. The conceptualized grief experiences that underpin this stage of development appear to work in opposition with grief tasks. This population would benefit from further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mead
- 165637 Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Chicago -LOSS: Loving Outreach to Survivors of Suicide, Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Protective Factors, Risk Indicators, and Contraceptive Consistency Among College Women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2016; 45:155-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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10
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Gavriel-Fried B, Ronen T. Contribution of Positivity Ratio and Self-Control to Reduced Gambling Severity among Adolescents. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2015; 40:209-216. [PMID: 26285360 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlv042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, gambling among adolescents has become a common health risk behavior, one that might lead to other health risk behaviors. Research on the etiology of gambling behavior among adolescents has hitherto focused primarily on the factors contributing to increased gambling severity (GS). The present study is different, in that it examines two key personality components that may help curb GS: self-control (SC) and positivity ratio (PR)--the latter being defined as the positive ratio between positive and negative affects--as factors that predict reduced GS among adolescents. A convenience sample of 595 adolescents, ages 13 to 19 (M = 15.13, SD = 1.53), from six secondary and middle schools in five major cities in Israel, was taken between February and April 2012. Four instruments were used: a Gambling Behavior Scale, the DSM-IV (adapted for juveniles), the Adolescent SC Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The main findings showed that PR moderated the association between SC and GS--highlighting the importance of PR in reducing the likelihood of problem gambling and bolstering the individual's SC skills and pointing to possible preventive actions that might be taken in the community to promote healthy adolescent behavior.
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Choi JH, Yu M, Kim KE. Suicidal ideation in adolescents: A structural equation modeling approach. Nurs Health Sci 2014; 17:119-125. [PMID: 24943997 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to test a model linking adolescents' experience of violence and peer support to their happiness and suicidal ideation. The participants were high school students in Seoul, and in Kyungi, and Chungnam Provinces in Korea. The Conflict Tactics Scale, School Violence Scale, Oxford Happiness Inventory, and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire were administered to just over 1000 adolescents. The model was tested using a path analysis technique within structural equation modeling. The model fit indices suggest that the revised model is a better fit for the data than the original hypothesized model. The experience of violence had a significant negative direct effect and peer support had a significant positive direct effect on their happiness. Happiness had a significant negative effect and the experience of violence had a significant positive effect on suicidal ideation. These findings demonstrate the fundamental importance of reducing exposure of violence to adolescents, and that increasing peer support and their happiness may be the key to adolescent suicidal ideation prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Nursing, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yu
- Department of Nursing, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Eun Kim
- Department of Child Welfare, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Smith ML, La Place LL, Menn M, Wilson KL. HIV-Related Knowledge and Perceptions by Academic Major: Implications for University Interventions. Front Public Health 2014; 2:18. [PMID: 24660165 PMCID: PMC3950560 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most universities offer human sexuality courses, although they are not required for graduation. While students in health-related majors may receive sexuality education in formal settings, majority of college students never receive formal sexual health or HIV/AIDS-related education, which may lead to elevated engagement in high-risk sexual behaviors. This study examines perceived knowledge about HIV/AIDS, perceived risk, and perceived consequences among college students by two distinct classifications of academic majors. Data were collected from 510 college students. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to compare HIV-related covariates by academic major category. Limited differences were observed by science, technology, engineering, and mathematics categorization. Relative to health and kinesiology majors, those who self-reported being "completely knowledgeable" about HIV were less likely to be physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, and business (PMEB) (OR = 0.41, P = 0.047) or education, humanities, and social sciences majors (OR = 0.25, P = 0.004). PMEB majors were less likely to report behavioral factors as a risk for contracting HIV (OR = 0.86, P = 0.004) and perceived acquiring HIV would be more detrimental to their quality of life (OR = 2.14, P = 0.012), but less detrimental to their mental well-being (OR = 0.58, P = 0.042). Findings can inform college-wide campaigns and interventions to raise HIV/AIDS awareness and improve college health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lisa L. La Place
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mindy Menn
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly L. Wilson
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Lee RM, Kim SY, Vazsonyi AT, Huynh QL, Whitbourne SK, Park IJK, Hudson M, Zamboanga BL, Bersamin MM, Williams MK. Acculturation and well-being among college students from immigrant families. J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:298-318. [PMID: 23907749 PMCID: PMC7871524 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to ascertain the associations between acculturation and well-being in first-generation and second-generation immigrant college students. Acculturation was operationalized as a multidimensional construct comprised of heritage and American cultural practices, values (individualism and collectivism), and identifications, and well-being was operationalized in terms of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic components. METHOD Participants were 2,774 first-generation and second-generation immigrant students (70% women), from 6 ethnic groups and from 30 colleges and universities around the United States. Participants completed measures of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications, as well as of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic well-being. RESULTS Findings indicated that individualistic values were positively related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being, and positively, although somewhat less strongly, linked with subjective well-being. American and heritage identifications were both modestly related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being. These findings were consistent across gender, immigrant generation (first versus second), and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Psychological and eudaimonic well-being appear to be inherently individualistic conceptions of happiness, and endorsement of individualistic values appears linked with these forms of well-being. Attachments to a cultural group-the United States, one's country of origin, or both-appear to promote psychological and eudaimonic well-being as well. The present findings suggest that similar strategies can be used to promote well-being for both male and female students, for students from various ethnic backgrounds, and for both first-generation and second-generation immigrant students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Center for Family Studies, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, UA.
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Schwartz SJ, Kim SY, Whitbourne SK, Zamboanga BL, Weisskirch RS, Forthun LF, Vazsonyi AT, Beyers W, Luyckx K. Converging identities: dimensions of acculturation and personal identity status among immigrant college students. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 19:155-65. [PMID: 23148900 PMCID: PMC7884054 DOI: 10.1037/a0030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to ascertain the extent to which dimensions of acculturation would differ across personal identity statuses in a sample of 2,411 first- and second-generation, immigrant, college-attending emerging adults. Participants from 30 colleges and universities around the United States completed measures of personal identity processes, as well as of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications. Cluster-analytic procedures were used to classify participants into personal identity statuses based on the personal identity processes. Results indicated that, across ethnic groups, individuals in the achieved and searching moratorium statuses reported the greatest endorsement of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications; and individuals in the carefree diffusion status reported the lowest endorsement of all the cultural variables under study. These results are discussed in terms of the convergence between personal identity and cultural identity processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Ritchie RA, Meca A, Madrazo VL, Schwartz SJ, Hardy SA, Zamboanga BL, Weisskirch RS, Kim SY, Whitbourne SK, Ham LS, Lee RM. Identity dimensions and related processes in emerging adulthood: helpful or harmful? J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:415-32. [PMID: 23348360 PMCID: PMC7869142 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study evaluated the mediational role of well-being in the relationship between identity development and psychosocial functioning. METHOD A sample of 7,649 undergraduate students (73% female; mean age = 19.95, standard deviation = 1.98; 62% Caucasian) completed measures of personal identity, well-being, internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health-risk behaviors. RESULTS Results revealed that (a) identity exploration and commitment were negatively associated with internalizing symptoms, health-risk behaviors, and externalizing problems through well-being, (b) ruminative exploration was negatively associated with well-being and positively associated with externalizing problems, and (c) increased levels of ruminative exploration appear more detrimental for men than for women. CONCLUSION The study shed light on the mechanisms through which identity processes are related to internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health-risk behaviors. The role of well-being in these associations, and the potentially deleterious "side effects" of exploration and commitment appear to suggest new and important directions for identity research.
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Des Rosiers SE, Schwartz SJ, Zamboanga BL, Ham LS, Huang S. A Cultural and Social Cognitive Model of Differences in Acculturation Orientations, Alcohol Expectancies, and Alcohol-Related Risk Behaviors Among Hispanic College Students. J Clin Psychol 2012; 69:319-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Lee RM, Kim SY, Vazsonyi AT, Huynh QL, Whitbourne SK, Park IJK, Hudson M, Zamboanga BL, Bersamin MM, Williams MK. Acculturation and Well-Being Among College Students From Immigrant Families. J Clin Psychol 2012:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 22549290 DOI: 10.1002/jclp21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to ascertain the associations between acculturation and well-being in first-generation and second-generation immigrant college students. Acculturation was operationalized as a multidimensional construct comprised of heritage and American cultural practices, values (individualism and collectivism), and identifications, and well-being was operationalized in terms of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic components. METHOD: Participants were 2,774 first-generation and second-generation immigrant students (70% women), from 6 ethnic groups and from 30 colleges and universities around the United States. Participants completed measures of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications, as well as of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic well-being. RESULTS: Findings indicated that individualistic values were positively related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being, and positively, although somewhat less strongly, linked with subjective well-being. American and heritage identifications were both modestly related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being. These findings were consistent across gender, immigrant generation (first versus second), and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological and eudaimonic well-being appear to be inherently individualistic conceptions of happiness, and endorsement of individualistic values appears linked with these forms of well-being. Attachments to a cultural group-the United States, one's country of origin, or both-appear to promote psychological and eudaimonic well-being as well. The present findings suggest that similar strategies can be used to promote well-being for both male and female students, for students from various ethnic backgrounds, and for both first-generation and second-generation immigrant students. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 00:1-21, 2012.
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Jovanovic V, Brdaric D. Did curiosity kill the cat? Evidence from subjective well-being in adolescents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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