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Yang J, Zhai S, Wang D. Childhood trauma associated with psychotic-like experiences among people living with HIV: The chain mediation effect of stigma and resilience. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:68-75. [PMID: 38870718 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research established the associations between childhood trauma and psychosis, but the effects of childhood trauma on psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among people living with HIV (PLWH) and the potential mediation mechanisms in these associations remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of childhood trauma on PLEs, as well as the chain mediation roles of stigma and resilience in this relationship. Furthermore, we explored whether the aforementioned associations differed when hallucinatory experiences (HEs) and delusional experiences (DEs) were separately modeled. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 333 outpatients participants (95.2 % males, Mage = 28.24 ± 7.12) living with HIV recruited from Hunan Province, China; and data were collected with a cross-sectional survey. METHOD The hypothesized chain mediation models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software. RESULTS Various influencing mechanisms of childhood trauma on HEs and DEs were examined in this study. Our results showed that, (a) childhood trauma directly exerted negative effect on HEs, while the chain mediation effect of stigma and resilience were not statistically significant. Conversely, (b) childhood trauma exerted no direct influence on DEs but rather through the chain mediation effect of stigma and resilience. CONCLUSIONS The identification of two different routes between that childhood trauma can have on HEs and DEs highlighted the importance of tailored prevention and intervention among PLWH with a history of childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Knippler ET, Martinez AJ, Amiri I, Madundo K, Mmbaga BT, Goldston DB, Relf MV, Knettel BA. Challenges and opportunities for improving mental health care and preventing suicide among people living with HIV: Perspectives of mental health professionals in Tanzania. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002762. [PMID: 38363789 PMCID: PMC10871509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience unique stressors that contribute to emotional distress, and PLWH are more than twice as likely to die by suicide when compared to the general population. In countries like Tanzania, there is a relatively high burden of HIV but few resources to support mental health needs. To gain a better understanding of mental health challenges experienced by PLWH in northern Tanzania and identify opportunities for intervention, we interviewed 12 mental health professionals working in the Kilimanjaro region. Thematic analysis was used to explore drivers and impacts of emotional distress, community influences on mental health, and gaps and barriers to existing mental health care. Perspectives from mental health workers highlight the compounding effects of stress related to HIV status, family conflict, finances, and other social challenges, which can lead to poor HIV treatment outcomes and suicidal ideation. Cultural beliefs and stigma surrounding both mental health and HIV limit care-seeking behavior for mental health issues. Those who do seek care often encounter barriers related to poor mental health infrastructure, including a lack of providers, limited financial resources, and little integration into other health services. There is a clear need for investment in the mental health care system, as well as interventions to improve knowledge and perceptions of mental health and comprehensively address stressors. We describe feedback on a proposed telehealth counseling intervention integrated into routine HIV services, which shows strong potential to mitigate barriers to mental health treatment, reduce suicidal ideation, and support the wellbeing of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Knippler
- Duke Center for AIDS Research, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alyssa J. Martinez
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ismail Amiri
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kim Madundo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - David B. Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Relf
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brandon A. Knettel
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Huyst V, Dewinter J, Noens I, Platteau T, Tsoumanis A. Measuring the prevalence of autistic traits in a cohort of adults living with HIV or taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and mapping safer-sex barriers and facilitators: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075667. [PMID: 37775292 PMCID: PMC10546106 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autistic individuals identify with a wider range of sexual orientations than non-autistic individuals, including higher rates of bisexual orientation in autistic men. Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men are at greater risk for HIV. Prevalence data of autistic traits in people living with HIV or using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV are lacking so far. Such data, combined with insights in barriers and facilitators for safer sex in autistic people living with HIV or using PrEP, are a first step to improve health support for autistic people in HIV clinics. This support is crucial since autistic individuals have worse physical and mental health outcomes. The objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of autistic traits within the group of people living with HIV or using PrEP in Belgium and to describe specific facilitators and barriers for sexual safer behaviour in people living with HIV and PrEP users with autistic traits. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The research is a cross-sectional, observational and multicentre study with recruitment of individual participants. The research consists of two phases. In phase 1, adults coming for HIV/AIDS care or HIV PrEP in participating Belgian HIV Reference Centres will be invited to fill in the validated Autism Spectrum Quotient questionnaire. In phase 2, participants with a score above the predefined cut-off for autistic traits (>26), who agreed to be informed about this score, will be invited to complete an additional survey, inquiring facilitators and barriers for sexual safer behaviour. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS Institutional Review Board Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, 25 July 2022, REF 1601/22 and University Hospital of Antwerp, 12 September 2022, Project ID 3679: BUN B3002022000111. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented to Belgian HIV Reference Centres and at conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Huyst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Dewinter
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Noens
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Platteau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Achilleas Tsoumanis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ahmed MH, Ahmed F, Abu-Median AB, Panourgia M, Owles H, Ochieng B, Ahamed H, Wale J, Dietsch B, Mital D. HIV and an Ageing Population-What Are the Medical, Psychosocial, and Palliative Care Challenges in Healthcare Provisions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2426. [PMID: 37894084 PMCID: PMC10608969 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuing increase in patient numbers and improvement in healthcare provisions of HIV services in the UK, alongside the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), has resulted in increasing numbers of the ageing population among people living with HIV (PLWH). It is expected that geriatricians will need to deal with many older people living with HIV (OPLWH) as life expectancy increases. Therefore, geriatric syndromes in OPLWH will be similar to the normal population, such as falls, cognitive decline, frailty, dementia, hypertension, diabetes and polypharmacy. The increase in the long-term use of cART, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension may lead to high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The treatment of such conditions may lead to polypharmacy and may increase the risk of cART drug-drug interactions. In addition, the risk of developing infection and cancer is high. OPLWH may develop an early onset of low bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis and fractures. In this review, we have also provided potential psychosocial aspects of an ageing population with HIV, addressing issues such as depression, stigma, isolation and the need for comprehensive medical and psychosocial care through an interdisciplinary team in a hospital or community setting. OPLWH have a relatively high burden of physical, psychological, and spiritual needs and social difficulties, which require palliative care. The holistic type of palliative care that will improve physical, emotional and psychological wellbeing is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Ahmed
- Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
| | - Fatima Ahmed
- Tele-Geriatric Research Fellowship, Geriatric Division, Family Medicine Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Abu-Bakr Abu-Median
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Maria Panourgia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
| | - Henry Owles
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
| | - Bertha Ochieng
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Hassan Ahamed
- Tele-Geriatric Research Fellowship, Geriatric Division, Family Medicine Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jane Wale
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
| | - Benjamin Dietsch
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
| | - Dushyant Mital
- Department of HIV and Blood Borne Virus, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK
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Tsai YT, K. M. SP, Ku HC, Wu YL, Ko NY. Global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0269489. [PMID: 36940193 PMCID: PMC10029973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Death by suicide is a major public health problem. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have higher risk of suicidal behavior than the general population. The aim of this review is to summarize suicidal behavior, associated risk factors, and risk populations among PLHIV. Research studies in six databases from January 1, 1988, to July 8, 2021, were searched using keywords that included "HIV," "suicide," and "risk factors." The study design, suicide measurement techniques, risk factors, and study findings were extracted. A total of 193 studies were included. We found that the Americas, Europe, and Asia have the highest rates of suicidal behavior. Suicide risk factors include demographic factors, mental illness, and physiological, psychological, and social support. Depression is the most common risk factor for PLHIV, with suicidal ideation and attempt risk. Drug overdosage is the main cause of suicide death. In conclusion, the current study found that PLHIV had experienced a high level of suicidal status. This review provides an overview of suicidal behavior and its risk factors in PLHIV with the goal of better managing these factors and thus preventing death due to suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tseng Tsai
- Department of Nursing, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan,
Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sriyani Padmalatha K. M.
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Operating Room Department, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri
Lanka
| | - Han-Chang Ku
- Department of Nursing, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan,
Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Rafiei S, Raoofi S, Pashazadeh Kan F, Masoumi M, Doustmehraban M, Biparva AJ, Ashari A, Vali N, Khani S, Abdollahi B, Vaziri Shahrebabak ESV, Heydari M, Momeni Z, Kasaie ZA, Beliad M, Ghashghaee A. Global prevalence of suicide in patients living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:400-408. [PMID: 36455715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In fact, people living with HIV are at a greater risk of mental health disorders. Based on lack of necessary information in this area the present systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to determine the magnitude of committed suicides among HIV/AIDS people as well as their associated factors in a global setting. METHOD Firstly we registered the protocol of study in PROSPRO. Then the publications were searched in the 4 main databases from January 2000 to April 2022. After removing duplication and inappropriate studies we applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally 60 studies were included for analysis. Comprehensive meta-analysis software were used for analyzing. RESULTS After reviewing 60 articles published from January 2000 to April 2021 in 24 countries, the total prevalence rate of suicide among 61,904 patients was estimated at 0.249 (95 % CI, 0.2-0.306). Findings indicated that the highest suicide prevalence was related to single patients estimated at 0.257 (95 % CI, 0.184-0.347). A gender-based meta-analysis depicted that the prevalence of suicide/ suicidal ideation was higher among females estimated at 0.22 (95 % CI, 0.15-0.29) compared with men at 0.17 (95 % CI, 0.11-0.23). CONCLUSION Health planners and policymakers should develop suicide-prevention strategies aimed at female patients in younger age groups who live alone and are deprived of social support to effectively promote their self-efficacy in successful management of the disease. Integrating mental health services into anti-retroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS patients is also suggested in order to effectively design integrated programs for the management of individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Rafiei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Samira Raoofi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health Management and Information Sciences Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences
| | - Maryam Doustmehraban
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Akbar Javan Biparva
- Student Research Committee, School of Health Management and Medical Informatics, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Ashari
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negin Vali
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghar Khani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohadeseh Heydari
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Momeni
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zeynab Alsadat Kasaie
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ghashghaee
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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7
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Incidence and risk factors for suicide, death due to substance use, and violent/accidental death in people with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:161-171. [PMID: 36250262 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deaths due to suicide, substance use and violence/accident may reflect similar risk factors and overlap in their classification. This study aimed to investigate incidence and risk factors of mortality among people with HIV (PWH) due to these three related causes. DESIGN Prospectively collected data from PWH at least 18 years old and under active follow-up in the EuroSIDA study from 2007 to 2019 were analysed. METHODS Cause-specific Cox regression analysis was used to assess risk factors. RESULTS A total of 17 881 participants were included, comprising 149 327 person-years of follow-up (PYFU). Forty participants died by suicide {incidence rate [IR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.3/1000 PYFU (0.2, 0.4)} 93 from substance use [IR (95% CI): 0.6/1000 PYFU (0.5, 0.8)], and 57 by violence/accident [IR (95% CI): 0.4/1000 PYFU (0.3, 0.5)]. An AIDS diagnosis within the last 12 months was associated with nine-fold increased risk of suicide vs. no history of AIDS [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 9.06; 95% CI: 2.07, 39.7]. Male gender was associated with double the risk of violent/accidental death (aHR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.09, 4.78). PWH in Eastern Europe and those who acquired HIV by injection drug use (IDU) demonstrated a greater risk of death due to substance use or violence/accident. CONCLUSIONS The association between a recent diagnosis of AIDS and suicide highlights a critical period for intervention. HIV infection acquired through IDU demonstrated an expected relationship with death due to substance use and violent/accidental deaths. Increased risk of death due to substance use and violence/accident in Eastern Europe demands investigation into specific differences that may drive that association.
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Li S, Yu S, Yang Q, Yin J, Zhu H, Jiang Y, Ji Y. Prevalence of suicide ideation among HIV/AIDS patients in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1082521. [PMID: 36908478 PMCID: PMC9996003 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1082521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence of suicide ideation among HIV/AIDS patients in China. Methods Systematic search of CNKI, Wanfang, China biology medicine database, Weipu, EMBASE, Web of science and PubMed for studies related to the suicide ideation of HIV/AIDS patients. The incidence of suicide ideation of HIV / AIDS patients in China was investigated by meta-analysis. Results A total of 16 studies were included (n = 6,174). The incidence of suicidal ideation in HIV/AIDS patients was 30.6% (95%CI: 21.4-39.9%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of suicidal ideation in male was 36.1%, which was higher than that in female (32.8%), homosexual patients (39.7%) higher than heterosexual patients (27.1%), 2013-2021 survey (35.2%) higher than 2003-2012 survey (26.5%), the unmarried patients (39.6%) were higher than the married patients (34.5%), the patients diagnosed >1 year (28.4%) were higher than the patients diagnosed <1 year (27.6%), and the depression patients (34.3%) were higher than patients without depression (20.5%) and CD4 cell counts ≤200 cells/ul group (20.6%) were higher than those in >400 cells/ul group (19.8%). Conclusion The incidence of suicide ideation in HIV/AIDS patients in China is relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Li
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shui Yu
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Queping Yang
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieyun Yin
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Krause KD, Halkitis PN. Mental health correlates of HIV-related resilience among older gay men living with HIV/AIDS in New York City: The GOLD studies. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2022.2152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D. Krause
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies (CHIBPS), Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Urban-Global Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Perry N. Halkitis
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies (CHIBPS), Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Hu F, Zhao D, Fu X, Zhang W, Tang W, Hu S, Shen W, Chen H. Gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with
HIV
: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. HIV Med 2022; 24:521-532. [PMID: 36347514 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although excess mortality, especially suicide, is a critical trait in people living with HIV, consensus about gender differences in these areas is lacking. We conducted meta-analyses to examine gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies written in English. In this review, suicide among people living with HIV includes suicide death, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Studies reporting the suicide prevalence among males and females living with HIV were eligible for inclusion in our review. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as the effect size index. Fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analyses were chosen based on the size of the heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 27 studies comprising 801 017 participants from 11 countries were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18.0% (95% CI 13.3%-22.8%) in males and 20.8% (95% CI 16.4%-25.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicidal ideation in females living with HIV (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09-1.56; p < 0.05). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts was 16.8% (95% CI 9.0%-24.5%) in males and 24.7% (95% CI 12.4%-37.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicide attempts in females living with HIV (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.75; p < 0.05). The pooled prevalence of suicide death was 1.2% (95% CI 0.5%-1.9%) among males and 0.2% (95% CI 0.1%-0.3%) among females, and the risk of suicide death between genders was not statistically significant (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.50-1.24; p = 0.298). CONCLUSIONS There were gender differences in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among people living with HIV. Females living with HIV were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and make suicide attempts, but there were no statistically significant gender differences in suicide death. Appropriate initiatives to optimize the recognition, treatment, and management suicide behaviours of males and females living with HIV may narrow this gender gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei‐Hong Hu
- School of Medicine Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Dan‐Yan Zhao
- School of Medicine Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Xue‐Lei Fu
- School of Medicine Nantong University Nantong China
| | | | - Wen Tang
- School of Medicine Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Shi‐Qi Hu
- School of Medicine Nantong University Nantong China
| | | | - Hong‐Lin Chen
- School of Public Health Nantong University Nantong China
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11
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Vasylyeva TI, Horyniak D, Bojorquez I, Pham MD. Left behind on the path to 90-90-90: understanding and responding to HIV among displaced people. J Int AIDS Soc 2022; 25:e26031. [PMID: 36352546 PMCID: PMC9646984 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2021, the number of people affected by displacement worldwide reached the highest on record, with an estimated 30.5 million refugees and 4.6 million asylum seekers seeking safety across international borders and further 53.2 million people displaced within their countries of origin. Most forcibly displaced persons come from or relocate to lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and many of those countries have large HIV epidemics. In this commentary, we describe some of the challenges at the intersection of HIV and displacement vulnerabilities that cannot be easily addressed in resource-limited environments. DISCUSSION HIV transmission and prevention and treatment efforts in the context of displacement are affected by myriad behavioural, social and structural factors across different stages of the displacement journey. For example, structural barriers faced by people experiencing displacement in relation to HIV prevention and care include funding constraints and legal framework deficiencies. Such barriers prevent all forced migrants, and particularly those whose sexual identities or practices are stigmatized against, access to prevention and care equal to local residents. Xenophobia, racism and other social factors, as well as individual risky behaviours facilitated by experiences of forced migration, also affect the progress towards 90-90-90 targets in displaced populations. Current evidence suggests increased HIV vulnerability in the period before displacement due to the effect of displacement drivers on medical supplies and infrastructure. During and after displacement, substantial barriers to HIV testing exist, though following resettlement in stable displacement context, HIV incidence and viral suppression are reported to be similar to those of local populations. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of often-marginalized displaced populations are diverse and depend on the context of displacement, countries of origin and resettlement, and the nature of the crises that forced these populations to move. To address current gaps in responses to HIV in displacement contexts, research in LMIC, particularly in less stable resettlement settings, needs to be scaled up. Furthermore, displaced populations need to be specifically addressed in national AIDS strategies and HIV surveillance systems. Finally, innovative technologies, such as point-of-care viral load and CD4 testing, need to be developed and introduced in settings facing displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana I. Vasylyeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Danielle's Horyniak
- Public Health DisciplineBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ietza Bojorquez
- Department of Population StudiesEl Colegio de la Frontera NorteTijuanaMexico
| | - Minh Duc Pham
- Public Health DisciplineBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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12
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Tsai YT, Padmalatha S, Ku HC, Wu YL, Yu T, Chen MH, Ko NY. Suicidality Among People Living With HIV From 2010 to 2021: A Systematic Review and a Meta-regression. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:924-939. [PMID: 36162070 PMCID: PMC9553271 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS and suicidality is not well understood, partly because of variability in results. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the predictive value of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome for incident suicidality. METHODS A literature review was conducted of articles published between January 1, 2010, and October 31, 2021. The following databases were searched: Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search terms included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), suicidal behavior, auto mutilation, and self-injurious behavior. Observational studies were screened following a registered protocol, and eligible ones were meta-analyzed and followed by meta-regression. RESULTS A total of 43 studies were included in this systematic review, and a meta-regression included 170,234 participants. The pooled prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and deaths by suicide were 22.3%, 9.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. The following significant risk factors for suicide ideation were found: substance use, depression, low quality of life, low social support, without HIV status disclosure, living alone, low level of memory problems, family history of suicide, and stage III of HIV. Risk factors for suicide attempts were depression and family history of suicide. An elevated risk for suicide-related death was found for people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had a psychiatric disorder and in studies conducted in hospital-based settings (versus national database studies or HIV clinic settings). CONCLUSIONS The risk of suicidality is high among PLHIV within all six World Health Organization regions during the modern antiretroviral therapy era. Assessment of socioeconomic and psychological factors is recommended for further management to prevent suicide among PLHIV. The present findings are useful for design of intervention protocols and development of clinical practice guidelines intended to manage the well-being of PLHIV worldwide.
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13
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Kahn GD, Tam SH, Felton JW, Westphal J, Simon GE, Owen‐Smith AA, Rossom RC, Beck AL, Lynch FL, Daida YG, Lu CY, Waring S, Frank CB, Akinyemi EO, Ahmedani BK. Cancer and psychiatric diagnoses in the year preceding suicide. Cancer Med 2022; 12:3601-3609. [PMID: 36114785 PMCID: PMC9939190 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer are known to be at increased risk for suicide but little is known about the interaction between cancer and psychiatric diagnoses, another well-documented risk factor. METHODS Electronic medical records from nine healthcare systems participating in the Mental Health Research Network were aggregated to form a retrospective case-control study, with ICD-9 codes used to identify diagnoses in the 1 year prior to death by suicide for cases (N = 3330) or matching index date for controls (N = 297,034). Conditional logistic regression was used to assess differences in cancer and psychiatric diagnoses between cases and controls, controlling for sex and age. RESULTS Among patients without concurrent psychiatric diagnoses, cancer at disease sites with lower average 5-year survival rates were associated with significantly greater relative risk, while cancer disease sites with survival rates of >70% conferred no increased risk. Patients with most psychiatric diagnoses were at higher risk, however, there was no additional risk conferred to these patients by a concurrent cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of a synergistic effect between cancer and psychiatric diagnoses. However, cancer patients with a concurrent psychiatric illness remain at the highest relative risk for suicide, regardless of cancer disease site, due to strong independent associations between psychiatric diagnoses and suicide. For patients without a concurrent psychiatric illness, cancer disease sites associated with worse prognoses appeared to confer greater suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D. Kahn
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Samantha H. Tam
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Julia W. Felton
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Joslyn Westphal
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Gregory E. Simon
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research InstituteSeattleWAUSA
| | - Ashli A. Owen‐Smith
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral SciencesGeorgia State University School of Public HealthAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Arne L. Beck
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Frances L. Lynch
- Center for Health ResearchKaiser Permanente HawaiiPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Yihe G. Daida
- Center for Integrated Health Care ResearchKaiser Permanente HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Christine Y. Lu
- Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | - Brian K. Ahmedani
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
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14
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Mudra Rakshasa-Loots A, Whalley HC, Vera JH, Cox SR. Neuroinflammation in HIV-associated depression: evidence and future perspectives. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3619-3632. [PMID: 35618889 PMCID: PMC9708589 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
People living with HIV face a high risk of mental illness, especially depression. We do not yet know the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying HIV-associated depression. Depression severity in the general population has been linked to acute and chronic markers of systemic inflammation. Given the associations between depression and peripheral inflammation, and since HIV infection in the brain elicits a neuroinflammatory response, it is possible that neuroinflammation contributes to the high prevalence of depression amongst people living with HIV. The purpose of this review was to synthesise existing evidence for associations between inflammation, depression, and HIV. While there is strong evidence for independent associations between these three conditions, few preclinical or clinical studies have attempted to characterise their interrelationship, representing a major gap in the literature. This review identifies key areas of debate in the field and offers perspectives for future investigations of the pathophysiology of HIV-associated depression. Reproducing findings across diverse populations will be crucial in obtaining robust and generalisable results to elucidate the precise role of neuroinflammation in this pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arish Mudra Rakshasa-Loots
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jaime H Vera
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Handlovsky I, Ferlatte O, Kia H, Knight R, Broom A, Oliffe J. Processes underpinning survival in gay men living with HIV and a history of suicidality. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2022; 44:1132-1148. [PMID: 35614527 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gay men living with HIV represent a particularly high risk group for suicide; however, little is known about suicidality, specifically, resiliencies in the context of suicidality among this particular group of men. The current study draws on photovoice and grounded theory methods to examine the processes that underpin survival for gay men living with HIV who have experienced suicidality. Twenty-two Canadian-based gay men participated, taking photographs to depict and discuss their perspectives on resiliencies. Analyses revealed three processes that supported men's survival: (1) connecting to key supports, (2) finding sanctity in the outdoors, and (3) giving help as purposeful value-adding. Connecting to key supports highlighted the utility of connection and therapeutic communication, listening and support provided by friends, family and professionals. Finding sanctity in the outdoors emphasised the healing capacity of outdoor green spaces, and giving help as purposeful value-adding illustrated the meaning and purpose men derived from supporting others. These findings can inform public health and primary care interventions to foster gay men's resilience and coping, and ultimately suicide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Handlovsky
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hannah Kia
- UBC School of Social Work, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rod Knight
- UBC Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Centre for Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - John Oliffe
- UBC School of Nursing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Thai TT, Tran VB, Nguyen NBT, Bui HHT. HIV-related stigma, symptoms of depression and their association with suicidal ideation among people living with HIV in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2022; 28:1263-1274. [PMID: 35437082 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2067342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, little are known about HIV-related stigma, symptoms of depression (SOD) and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Vietnam. This study aimed to estimate the level of stigma, SOD and suicidal ideation and to explore the direction and magnitude of the relationship between stigma, SOD and suicidal ideation among Vietnamese PLHIV. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four outpatient clinics providing healthcare services including antiretroviral therapy (ART) for PLHIV in Ho Chi Minh City. At each clinic, patients were chosen using the systematic sampling technique. Participants underwent face-to-face interviews through a pre-defined structural questionnaire that included validated scales. Among 777 PLHIV in the analysis, most were male (81.1%) and the average age was 34.3 (SD = 8.8) years. Two-thirds of PLHIV had a moderate-to-high level of HIV stigma. Symptoms of depression were identified in 41.4% of PLHIV. Suicidal ideation was reported by 26.3% of PLHIV. Based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression, higher levels of SOD and HIV stigma were positively associated with suicidal ideation. For PLHIV with extreme stigma and SOD, the probability of having suicidal ideation was up to 80%. The prevalence and association found in this study indicates that interventions for SOD and stigma not only help reduce these two problems but also help address and minimize suicidal ideation in this vulnerable population. In Vietnam, to optimize such interventions, the involvement of families and communities is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Thanh Thai
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vy Bao Tran
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bich Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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17
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Mandell LN, Parrish MS, Rodriguez VJ, Alcaide ML, Weiss SM, Peltzer K, Jones DL. Blood Pressure, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation Among Pregnant Women with HIV. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1289-1298. [PMID: 34651247 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although prior research has examined associations between blood pressure (BP), depression, and suicidal ideation, few studies have examined this in high-risk populations such as pregnant women with HIV (WHIV). The current study examined the association of BP with depression and suicidal ideation among pregnant WHIV (n = 217) in rural South Africa. BP data (measured ≤ 1 month before the study visit) was extracted from medical records. Depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Diastolic BP was positively associated with both suicidal ideation and depressive symptomatology, even after controlling for demographic variables, gestational age, and intimate partner violence. These findings suggest that WHIV with elevated BP may be at greater risk for antenatal depression and suicidal ideation. Future research should utilize longitudinal designs to examine potential mechanisms and the directionality of the relationship, as well as other contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissa N Mandell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Suite 404A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Manasi S Parrish
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Suite 404A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Violeta J Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Suite 404A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Maria L Alcaide
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephen M Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Suite 404A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Human and Social Capabilities, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Deborah L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Suite 404A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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18
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Łakuta P, Krankowska D, Marcinkiewicz P, Bociąga-Jasik M, Komorska-Błażewicz A. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms in people with HIV/AIDS: An intervention based on if-then plans with self-affirming cognitions. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:899-919. [PMID: 35297176 PMCID: PMC9540674 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effective antiretroviral treatment has increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV, and currently, the challenges of prominent importance appear to be mental health issues. This preregistered study among adults living with HIV/AIDS investigated the effectiveness of a brief self‐affirmation intervention framed in terms of if–then plans (i.e. self‐affirming implementation intentions [S‐AII]) against both active and non‐active control conditions, forming non‐affirming implementation intentions and mere goal intentions, respectively. The primary outcomes were defined as a reduction of depressive symptoms and enhancement of well‐being, along with secondary outcomes as positive other‐ and self‐directed feelings. A total of 162 individuals were assessed for eligibility, and 130 (aged 18–74 years) were randomized to the study conditions. Intervention effects were estimated through intention‐to‐treat analysis, using linear mixed models. The S‐AII intervention yielded improvements in overall well‐being over 2 weeks (d = .23), primarily driven by positive changes in emotional (d = .24) and social (d = .30) dimensions of well‐being. There were no significant differences in depression or secondary outcomes. Based on a minimal clinically important difference index, the S‐AII intervention resulted in improvement in well‐being in approximately 40 percent of participants. Nevertheless, further systematic research is needed to optimize self‐affirmation‐interventions, before their application in real‐life contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Łakuta
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagny Krankowska
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Marcinkiewicz
- The Infant Jesus Clinical Hospital, University Clinical Centre, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Bociąga-Jasik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Shen YS, Lung SCC, Cui S. Exploring multiple pathways and mediation effects of urban environmental factors for suicide prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118642. [PMID: 34883145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Public health is threatened by air pollution and high temperature, especially in urban areas and areas impacted by climate change. Well-designed urban forms have co-benefits on promoting human health and mediating atmospheric environment-related threats (e.g., high temperature and air pollution). Previous studies overlooked these mediating effects of urban form on suicide mortality. This study used partial least squares modeling and countywide data in Taiwan to identify the crucial influences and pathways of urban environment, socioeconomic status, and diseases on suicide mortality. The model considered the impact of the characteristics of urban form (i.e., urban development intensity, land mix, and urban sprawl), urban industrial status (i.e., industrial level), urban greening (i.e., green coverage), disease (i.e., important diseases morbidity of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], cerebrovascular disease [CVD], chronic liver disease and cirrhosis [CLDC], nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis [NNSN], malignant tumor [MT]), socioeconomic status (i.e., income level and aging population rate), and the atmospheric environment (i.e., air pollution and high temperature) on suicide mortality. Optimizing land mix and minimizing urban development intensity and urban sprawl have been found to reduce suicide mortality. The mediating effect of urban form on suicide mortality originated from air pollution and high temperature, and mediating air pollution was greater than high temperature. Furthermore, industrial level, important diseases (HIV, CVD, CLDC, NNSN, and MT) morbidity, an aging population rate, air pollution, and high temperature were associated with an increase in suicide mortality, whereas green coverage and income level were associated with a reduction in suicide rates. The findings demonstrate that appropriate urban policy and urban planning may lower suicide mortality, be useful strategies for suicide prevention, and be a foundation for building a healthy city. Moreover, this study provides clarity on the complex relationship of suicide and the urban environment while identifying crucial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental Health, Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Hoare J, Sevenoaks T, Mtukushe B, Williams T, Heany S, Phillips N. Global Systematic Review of Common Mental Health Disorders in Adults Living with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2021; 18:569-580. [PMID: 34792706 PMCID: PMC8600343 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-021-00583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW By reviewing the most recent common mental health disorders (CMHD) studies in people living with HIV (PLWH) (2018-2020), this review discusses the prevalence of CMHD, factors associated with CMHD in PLWH, mental health in PLWH from vulnerable groups, the impact of CMHD on HIV disease progression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the efficacy of different treatment approaches. RECENT FINDINGS After screening for eligibility 142 studies were included in the final systematic review. Only 27% of studies were conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, which carries the highest burn of HIV disease globally. Despite the well-established increased risk of CMHD in PLWH, the current prevalence remains high, with studies reporting 28%-62% of PLWH having mental health symptoms. CONCLUSION Despite the significant challenges that CMHDs present to successful HIV treatment, there are many mental health treatments and interventions which can improve outcomes in PLWH and opportunities to task-shift and integrate mental health care with HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hoare
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental health, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Penisula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
| | - Tatum Sevenoaks
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental health, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Bulelwa Mtukushe
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental health, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Taryn Williams
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental health, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Sarah Heany
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental health, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Nicole Phillips
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental health, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
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Baiden P, LaBrenz CA, Findley E. Social distancing and anxiety among female caregivers of children ages zero-to-five during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in the United States. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 5:100154. [PMID: 34642679 PMCID: PMC8497171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Past studies have linked measures of social isolation to mental health among caregivers of children. As people across the world adjust to social distancing measures, there is a need to understand consequences of social distancing measures on mental health. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the association between adherence to social distancing measures and feeling worried/anxious among female caregivers of children ages zero-to-five. Methods Data for this study came from an online survey that was administered between May and June 2020 to understand stress and mental health among caregivers of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 358 female caregivers was analyzed using binary logistic regression with feeling worried/anxious as the outcome variable. Results More than a third of the female caregivers (35.2%) reported feeling worried/anxious during the past month and about 42% reported strictly adhering to social distancing measures. Controlling for the effect of other factors, caregivers who reported strictly adhering to social distancing had 1.86 times higher odds of feeling worried/anxious when compared caregivers who were not strictly adhering to social distancing (AOR=1.86, 95% C.I.=1.07–3.24). Caregivers who felt bothered by withdrawal from activities of interest had 4.11 times higher odds of reporting feeling worried/anxious (AOR=4.11, 95% C.I.=2.32–7.24). Conclusions As COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, it is important to build community response to better support caregivers of infants and young children. Implications for practice, policy, and research as they relate to caregiver's mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Catherine A LaBrenz
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Erin Findley
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
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22
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Lin RF, Cheng SH, Liu YP, Chen CP, Wang YJ, Chang SY. Predicting Emotional Valence of People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Using Daily Voice Clips: A Preliminary Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1148. [PMID: 34574921 PMCID: PMC8466484 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To detect depression in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), this preliminary study developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model aimed at discriminating the emotional valence of PLHIV. Sixteen PLHIV recruited from the Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, participated in this study from 2019 to 2020. A self-developed mobile application (app) was installed on sixteen participants' mobile phones and recorded their daily voice clips and emotional valence values. After data preprocessing of the collected voice clips was conducted, an open-source software, openSMILE, was applied to extract 384 voice features. These features were then tested with statistical methods to screen critical modeling features. Several decision-tree models were built based on various data combinations to test the effectiveness of feature selection methods. The developed model performed very well for individuals who reported an adequate amount of data with widely distributed valence values. The effectiveness of feature selection methods, limitations of collected data, and future research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray F. Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; (R.F.L.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 33004, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (C.-P.C.); (S.-Y.C.)
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ping Liu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 33004, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (C.-P.C.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jyun Wang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; (R.F.L.); (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Shu-Ying Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 33004, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (C.-P.C.); (S.-Y.C.)
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Pei JH, Pei YX, Ma T, Du YH, Wang XL, Zhong JP, Xie Q, Zhang LH, Yan LX, Dou XM. Prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide plan among HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:295-304. [PMID: 34134028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidality is common in people living with HIV/AIDS. However, the prevalence estimates of the suicidality vary between studies. Here, we performed a systematic review and estimated the prevalence of suicidal behavior in this population. METHODS Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO for relevant studies published before August 29, 2020. A random-effects model was used to pool the estimates of the prevalence of suicidal ideation, attempts and plans, which were also stratified by continent or region and screening instrument from the studies included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS Suicide prevalence data were extracted from 36 studies(n=32,818) from 15 countries. The overall pooled crude prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were 20.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.5-21.6%],8.1% (95% CI 5.4-11.3%), and 7.5% (95% CI 5.7-9.5%), respectively. For lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts prevalence, this was 22.4% (95% CI 15.9-29.8%), and 12.0% (95% CI 6.9- 18.1%), respectively. Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 6.5% to 33.7%. Pooled estimates were generally higher for females, as compared with males (risk ratios in the range 1.48-1.85). The leave-one-out analysis showed that no single study significantly affected the final pooled results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hong Pei
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xuan Pei
- Performance Operation Office, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Ma
- Department of Spine Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Hui Du
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lei Wang
- Department of liver diseases branch, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Ping Zhong
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xie
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Zhang
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Yan
- Second Department of Mental Health, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu
| | - Xin-Man Dou
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China;; Department of Nursing, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Qiu D, Li Y, Li L, He J, Ouyang F, Xiao S. Infectious Disease Outbreak and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:668784. [PMID: 34421723 PMCID: PMC8376538 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As one of the most widely researched consequence of traumatic events, the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak varies greatly across studies. This review aimed at examining the pooled prevalence of PTSS among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak, summarizing the possible causes of the inconsistencies in the current estimates. Methods: Systematic searches of databases were conducted for literature published on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PsycArticles, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) until 14 October 2020. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (registration number: CRD42020182366). Results: About 106 studies were included. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSS among the general population exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak was 24.20% (95% CI: 18.54-30.53%), the pooled prevalence of PTSS among healthcare workers was 24.35% (95% CI: 18.38-1.51%), the pooled prevalence of PTSS among patients with infectious disease was 28.83% (95% CI: 18.53-44.86%), and the pooled prevalence of PTSS among suspected cases of infectious disease was 25.04% (95% CI: 18.05-34.73%). Mortality rate was a significant contributor to heterogeneity. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that PTSS were very common among people exposed to the trauma resulting from infectious disease outbreak. Health policymakers should consider both short-term and long-term preventive strategy of PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyun Ouyang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ohrnberger J, Fichera E, Sutton M, Anselmi L. The worse the better? Quantile treatment effects of a conditional cash transfer programme on mental health. Health Policy Plan 2021; 35:1137-1149. [PMID: 32879960 PMCID: PMC7810405 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor mental health is a pressing global health problem, with high prevalence among poor populations from low-income countries. Existing studies of conditional cash transfer (CCT) effects on mental health have found positive effects. However, there is a gap in the literature on population-wide effects of cash transfers on mental health and if and how these vary by the severity of mental illness. We use the Malawian Longitudinal Study of Family and Health containing 790 adult participants in the Malawi Incentive Programme, a year-long randomized controlled trial. We estimate average and distributional quantile treatment effects and we examine how these effects vary by gender, HIV status and usage of the cash transfer. We find that the cash transfer improves mental health on average by 0.1 of a standard deviation. The effect varies strongly along the mental health distribution, with a positive effect for individuals with worst mental health of about four times the size of the average effect. These improvements in mental health are associated with increases in consumption expenditures and expenditures related to economic productivity. Our results show that CCTs can improve adult mental health for the poor living in low-income countries, particularly those with the worst mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Ohrnberger
- School of Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Medical School Building, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Fichera
- Department of Economics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7JP, Bath, UK
| | - Matt Sutton
- Institute for Health Policy and Organisation, University of Manchester, Booth Street West, M15 6PB, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Institute for Health Policy and Organisation, University of Manchester, Booth Street West, M15 6PB, Manchester, UK
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Bantjes J, Kagee A. Suicide Prevention in HIV Treatment Centres: Population Attributable Risk Analysis of Treating Common Mental Disorders. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:1864-1872. [PMID: 33387136 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to establish the potential reduction in non-fatal suicidal behaviour (NFSB) that could be achieved by treating common mental disorders (CMDs) among persons receiving HIV treatment. Data were collected from antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients in South Africa (n = 688). Structured Clinical Interviews assessed CMDs and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview assessed 1-month prevalence of NFSB and suicide risk. Population Attributable Risk (PAR) analysis established the potential reduction in prevalence of NFSB and suicide risk that could be achieved by treating CMDs, with the simplifying assumption of a causal relationship between psychopathology and suicidality. Treating CMDs could result in as much as a 63.9% proportional reduction in the prevalence of suicide ideation, 84.2% proportional reduction in the prevalence of suicide plan, and 63.4% proportional decrease in prevalence of suicide risk. There is potential to significantly reduce NFSB among ART patients. Pragmatic trials are needed to evaluate the effects of treating CMDs in HIV treatment centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bantjes
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Ashraf Kagee
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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27
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Qiu D, Li Y, Li L, He J, Ouyang F, Xiao S. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among people influenced by coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: A meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e30. [PMID: 33843547 PMCID: PMC8060540 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most widely researched consequence of traumatic events, the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among people exposed to the trauma resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak varies greatly across studies. This review aimed at examining the pooled prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among people exposed to the trauma resulting from COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS Systematic searches of databases were conducted for literature published on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PsycArticle, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure until October 14, 2020. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020180309). RESULTS A total of 106,713 people exposed to the trauma resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak were identified in the 76 articles, of which 33,810 were reported with post-traumatic stress symptoms. The pooled prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among people exposed to the trauma resulting from COVID-19 outbreak was 28.34%, with a 95% confidence interval of 23.03-34.32%. Subgroup analysis indicated that older age, male and bigger sample size were associated with higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms. After controlling for other factors, the results of meta-regression showed that the influence of gender and sample size on prevalence is no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were very common among people exposed to the trauma resulting from COVID-19 outbreak. Further research is needed to explore more possible risk factors for post-traumatic stress symptoms and identify effective strategies for preventing PTSD-related symptoms among people exposed to the trauma resulting from COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyun Ouyang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xian gya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Nabunya P, Byansi W, Damulira C, Bahar OS, Jennings Mayo-Wilson L, Tozan Y, Kiyingi J, Nabayinda J, Braithwaite R, Witte SS, Ssewamala FM. Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Women Engaged in Commercial Sex Work in Southern Uganda. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113817. [PMID: 33636517 PMCID: PMC8005481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the factors associated with depressive symptoms and post traumatic depressive disorder (PTSD) among economically vulnerable women engaged in commercial sex work (WESW) in southern Uganda. Baseline data from a longitudinal cluster randomized study involving 542 self-identified WESW (18-55 years), recruited from 19 HIV hotspots were analyzed. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was utilized to estimate individual, family-level and economic-level predictors of depressive symptoms and PTSD. Family cohesion, sex work stigma, HIV status, financial distress, household assets, number of children and number of household income earners, were associated with PTSD. Similarly, family cohesion, number of people in the household, HIV status, sex work stigma, financial distress, and household assets, were associated with depressive symptoms. Women engaged in commercial sex work are at a higher risk of HIV and poor mental health outcomes. Sex work stigma and financial distress elevate levels of depressive symptoms and PTSD, over and above an individual's HIV status. Family and economic-level factors have the potential to mitigate the risk of poor mental health outcomes. As such, integrating stigma reduction and economic strengthening components in the programming targeting WESW-a key population, may be critical to address their mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proscovia Nabunya
- Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - William Byansi
- Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Christopher Damulira
- Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Larissa Jennings Mayo-Wilson
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Department of Applied Health Science, 1025 E. 7(TH) Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Yesim Tozan
- New York University College of Global Public Health, 14 East 4(th) street, 3(rd) floor. New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Joshua Kiyingi
- Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Josephine Nabayinda
- Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Rachel Braithwaite
- Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Susan S Witte
- Columbia University School of Social Work1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Fred M Ssewamala
- Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Gizachew KD, Chekol YA, Basha EA, Mamuye SA, Wubetu AD. Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals: Central Ethiopia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:15. [PMID: 33608017 PMCID: PMC7896396 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. HIV/AIDS continues to be associated with an under-recognized risk for suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS is not only a predictor of future attempted suicide and completed suicide, but it is also associated with poor quality of life and poor adherence with antiretroviral therapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals of Amhara region, central Ethiopia. METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. The study was conducted in four public hospitals in North Shewa Zone from May to December 2017. Study population comprised all HIV-infected individuals from Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinic. A total of 348 study subjects were recruited using systematic random sampling and 326 completed the interview. Suicidality module from Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was modified to assess suicidal behavior. Crude and adjusted OR was analyzed using logistic regression and the level of significance of association was determined at P value < 0.05. RESULT A total of 326 (93.7%) study subjects were interviewed. The magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was found to be 16% and 7.1%, respectively. Low monthly income, living alone, suicidal thought before knowing seropositive status, family history of suicide, experiencing mild and moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms, being gossiped sometimes in the last 12 months of the study period due to HIV status and ever use of khat (a psychoactive substance) was statistically significant associated factor with suicidal ideation. And low monthly income, experiencing mild and moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms, being gossiped sometimes and often in the previous 12 months of the study period due to HIV status and using alcohol currently were significantly associated factors with suicidal attempt. CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in this study were higher than prevalence in the general population. This shows suicidal ideation and attempt is a mental health concern of PLWHA and it needs great attention in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Yigrem Ali Chekol
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Elyas Admasu Basha
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Shiferaw Abeway Mamuye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Abate Dargie Wubetu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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30
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Wang W, Chen X, Yan H, Yu B, Li S. Association between social capital and suicide ideation, plan and attempt among men living with HIV in China. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:173-179. [PMID: 33212409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better understanding of the relationship between social capital and risk of suicide is essential for suicide prevention and control among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS Participants were 494 male PLWH recruited with a venue-based method from Wuhan in China. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire during November 2015 and January 2016. Social capital was measured using the short-version Personal Social Capital Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between social capital and suicidal ideations post HIV+ diagnosis and in the past month, as well as suicide plan and attempt. RESULTS Scatter plots showed a nonlinear trend in the prevalence of the three suicide measures along with social capital. Logistic regression analyses stratified by quartiles of social capital indicated a significant nonlinear association between social capital and the risk of suicide. The estimated odds ratio [95% CI] of suicidal ideation was 0.87 [0.51.1.42], 0.68 [0.40, 1.14] and 0.24 [0.12, 0.46] for the second, third and fourth quartile of social capital scores respectively with the first quartile as the reference. Similar results were observed for suicidal ideation in the past month and suicidal plan/attempt. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study suggest that social capital is only associated with lower suicidal ideation at very high levels of social capital. If verified with longitudinal data, this finding suggests an effective suicide prevention intervention among male PLWH must foster social capital to a level greater than average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xinguang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shiyue Li
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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31
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Kahil K, Cheaito MA, El Hayek R, Nofal M, El Halabi S, Kudva KG, Pereira-Sanchez V, El Hayek S. Suicide during COVID-19 and other major international respiratory outbreaks: A systematic review. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 56:102509. [PMID: 33418284 PMCID: PMC7764387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was recently declared a pandemic by the WHO. This outbreak threatens not only physical health but also has significant repercussions on mental health. In recent world history, major infectious outbreaks were associated with severe mental health sequelae, including suicide. In this study, we systematically review the literature on suicidal outcomes during major international respiratory outbreaks, including COVID-19. We reviewed descriptive and analytic articles addressing suicide during major international respiratory outbreaks. We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases and then utilized an independent method for study selection by a pair of reviewers. Two reviewers completed data abstraction and conducted a narrative summary of the findings. Our search generated 2,153 articles. Nine studies (three descriptive, five analytical, and one with mixed methodology) were eligible. The included studies were heterogeneous, divergent in methods, and with a low degree of evidence. Deducing an association between pandemics, suicide, and suicide-related outcomes remains thus poorly supported. Future research with better methodological characteristics, the use of longitudinal studies, and a focus on suicide as the primary outcome would allow for an in-depth understanding and formulation of the scope of this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Kahil
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Ali Cheaito
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rawad El Hayek
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Nofal
- Helwan Mental Health Hospital, Extension of Mansour St., Behind Kbretaj Helwan Club, Helwan, 25562198, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah El Halabi
- Columbia University Program in Narrative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10033, USA
| | - Kundadak Ganesh Kudva
- Early Psychosis Intervention Programme and East Region, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green, Medical Park, 539747, Singapore
| | - Victor Pereira-Sanchez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Leaune E, Samuel M, Oh H, Poulet E, Brunelin J. Suicidal behaviors and ideation during emerging viral disease outbreaks before the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic rapid review. Prev Med 2020; 141:106264. [PMID: 33017599 PMCID: PMC7531915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is the most severe pandemic of the 21st century, on track to having a rising death toll. Beyond causing respiratory distress, COVID-19 may also cause mortality by way of suicide. The pathways by which emerging viral disease outbreaks (EVDOs) and suicide are related are complex and not entirely understood. We aimed to systematically review the evidence on the association between EVDOs and suicidal behaviors and/or ideation. An electronic search was conducted using five databases: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus in April 2020. A rapid systematic review was carried out, which involved separately and independently extracting quantitative data of selected articles. The electronic search yielded 2480 articles, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the data were collected in Hong Kong (n = 3) and the USA (n = 3). Four studies reported a slight but significant increase in deaths by suicide during EVDOs. The increase in deaths by suicide was mainly reported during the peak epidemic and in older adults. Psychosocial factors such as the fear of being infected by the virus or social isolation related to quarantine measures were the most prominent factors associated with deaths by suicide during EVDOs. Overall, we found scarce and weak evidence for an increased risk of deaths by suicide during EVDOs. Our results inform the need to orient public health policies toward suicide prevention strategies targeting the psychosocial effects of EVDOs. High-quality research on suicide risk and prevention are warranted during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Leaune
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response - PSYR2 Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France.
| | - Maeva Samuel
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France
| | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Poulet
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response - PSYR2 Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry, University Hospital Edouard Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response - PSYR2 Team, Lyon F-69000, France
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Suicidal ideation, psychopathology and associated factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:255. [PMID: 32448151 PMCID: PMC7245986 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior is a prevalent psychiatric emergency in HIV-infected adults. Detection of suicidal ideation is important in planning early psychiatric intervention and optimizing HIV/AIDS management. Characterization of suicidal ideation among HIV-infected adults is crucial; however, practically there is no data in Indonesia, the country with the second largest burden of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. This study aims to identify suicidal ideation and analyze the associated psychopathology and determining factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected adults aged 18-65 years old receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measurement using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was performed to assess the existing psychopathology. Firth's penalized logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. RESULTS A total of 86 subjects were recruited. Most subjects were male (65.1%), median age was 35 years, and median latest CD4 count was 463 cells/μl. Lifetime suicidal ideation was identified in 20 subjects (23.3%). Mean SCL-90 T-score for depressive and anxiety symptoms were both significantly higher among subjects with suicidal ideation (M = 60.75, SD = 12.0, p = 0.000 and M = 57.9, SD = 2.8, p = 0.001, respectively) compared to those without. Bivariate analyses showed that lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, non-marital status, CD4 count < 500 cells/μl, and efavirenz use. Multivariate analysis identified that a single-point increase in SCL-90 depression symptoms score (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 4.5-123.6, p = 0.000) and efavirenz use (AOR 5.00, 95% CI 1.02-24.6, p = 0.048) were significant independent factors related to suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation is commonly found among Indonesian HIV-infected adults on ART. Depressive symptoms and efavirenz use are independent factors related to the presence of suicidal ideation. Thus, early screening of psychopathology as well as substitution of efavirenz with other ART regiment are recommended to prevent suicide and improve HIV/AIDS management outcome.
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Bi F, Luo D, Huang Y, Chen X, Zhang D, Xiao S. The relationship between social support and suicidal ideation among newly diagnosed people living with HIV: the mediating role of HIV-related stress. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:724-734. [PMID: 32400173 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1761987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence have consistently shown social support to be protective against suicidal ideation among people living with HIV (PLWH), but little is known how social support protects PLHW from suicidal ideation. We aimed to explore whether social support could reduce suicidal ideation by reducing HIV-related stress levels or depression among PLWH during the early post-diagnosis phase. A cross-sectional study of 557 newly diagnosed PLWH was conducted. Information on suicidal ideation, social support, HIV-related stress and depression was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) analyses were performed to determine the mediating effect of HIV-related stress and depression on the relationship between social support and suicidal ideation. One-fourth of participants reported considering suicide after HIV diagnosis. Higher social support could prevent PLWH from suicidal ideation directly or indirectly via reducing the HIV-related stress levels. The mediating effect of depression, as well as the chain mediating effect of HIV-related stress and depression were not found. Enhancing social support and reducing HIV-related stress are important to prevent suicide among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Bi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunxiang Huang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, China
| | - Dexing Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Rivera-Segarra E, Carminelli-Corretjer P, Varas-Díaz N, Neilands TB, Yang LH, Bernal G. HIV and Depression: Examining Medical Students Clinical Skills. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:240. [PMID: 32292361 PMCID: PMC7120025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder among people living with HIV (PWH). Major depression symptoms, including suicidal ideation, can hinder clinical care engagement and anti-retroviral treatment adherence. Research suggests that inquiry about major depression symptomatology and suicidal ideation should be standard practice when offering primary care services to PWH. However, studies examining depression and suicidal ideation inquiry are scarce. This study's aim was to describe medical students' clinical skills for dealing with major depression symptomatology and suicidal ideation among PWH in Puerto Rico. A total of 100 4th year medical students participated in a Standardized Patient simulation with a trained actor posing as a PWH and with a previous major depression diagnosis. One-way frequency tables were used to characterize the sample and the percentage of each observed clinical skill. Two key findings stem from these results only 10% of the participants referred the patient to psychological/psychiatric treatment, and only 32% inquired about suicidal ideation. Our findings highlight the need for enhancing medical students' competencies regarding mental health issues, particularly when providing services to at risk populations such as PWH within primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliut Rivera-Segarra
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Nelson Varas-Díaz
- Department of Global and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Torsten B. Neilands
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lawrence H. Yang
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Nöstlinger C, Reyniers T, Smekens T, Apers H, Laga M, Wouters K, Vuylsteke B. Drug use, depression and sexual risk behaviour: a syndemic among early pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adopters in Belgium? AIDS Care 2020; 32:57-64. [PMID: 32160759 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1739218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how interacting psychosocial problems may influence sexual behaviour among men having sex with men taking Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study assessed (1) the prevalence of depression, recreational drug-use and sexual risk behaviour; (2) changes in these psychosocial conditions over time; and (3) the interaction of drug use and depression with sexual risk behaviour. We analysed data of the Belgian Be-PrEP-ared cohort study (N = 200). We assessed depression using the PHQ-9, recreational drug use and receptive condomless anal intercourse (rCAI) with anonymous partners. Frequencies of psychosocial problems were compared at baseline, 9 and 18 months follow-up (FU). Bivariate associations between depression and drug-use behaviour, and their interaction with rCAI with anonymous sexual partners using was examined using linear regression. Receptive CAI increased from 41% at baseline to 53% at M18 (p = 0.038). At baseline, we found an interaction effect of poly-drug use and depression, potentiating rCAI with anonymous partners. Participants reporting poly-drug use associated with depression were significant more likely to report this type of sexual risk behaviour than those who did not report this association (p = 0.030). The high level of intertwined psychosocial problems call for multi-level interventions for those PrEP users experiencing a syndemic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thijs Reyniers
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Smekens
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Apers
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie Laga
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristien Wouters
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bea Vuylsteke
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Bhadra NM, Hershow RB, Ha TV, Pence BW, Mai NVT, Go VF. Depression and coping strategies among Vietnamese women living with HIV: A qualitative study. Glob Public Health 2020; 15:1050-1061. [PMID: 32107973 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1731566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Women living with HIV (WLWH) are more likely to suffer from depression than seronegative women and are also more likely to suffer from depression than men living with HIV. There is limited depression research with WLWH in Vietnam. Twenty in-depth interviews with WLWH were conducted to identify pathways leading to depression and coping strategies for depression. Participants were recruited from an antiretroviral treatment clinic in northern Vietnam. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, translated, and analysed to identify key themes. All participants reported sudden loss of social support, debilitating depression, and suicidal ideation in the first six months after HIV diagnosis. While some were able to cope with their status after several months, others continued to struggle due to HIV-related stigma that was perceived as more isolating for WLWH than for men. Women who were able to effectively cope with depression found ways to re-establish connections to family and community. Interventions to improve mental wellbeing should link WLWH to mental health services immediately after diagnosis and address loss of support and stigma, as they contributed to the onset and persistence of depression after HIV diagnosis. Community-level HIV stigma reduction interventions may also help repair broken social bonds and foster new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia M Bhadra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca B Hershow
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian W Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Physical multimorbidity and suicidal behavior in the general population in the United States. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:604-609. [PMID: 31541971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As yet, there has been little research on the association between physical multimorbidity (the co-occurrence of two or more physical illnesses) and suicide, and results have been mixed. This study examined if physical multimorbidity is associated with suicidal behavior in the general population in the United States. METHOD Data were analyzed from 15,311 adults that were obtained from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES). Information was obtained on nine self-reported physical health conditions and lifetime suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations. RESULTS An increasing number of physical health conditions was associated with higher odds for suicidal behavior. Compared to those with no physical conditions, individuals with ≥ 4 physical illnesses had 2.99, 4.82, and 4.39 times higher odds for reporting suicidal ideation, a suicide plan, and suicide attempts, respectively. An interaction analysis showed that for suicide attempts the association was stronger in younger rather than older adults. LIMITATIONS The data were cross-sectional and information on physical conditions and suicidal behavior was self-reported and may have been subject to reporting bias. CONCLUSIONS As multimorbidity has increased in recent decades in the United States, alerting medical practitioners to the increased risk of suicidal behavior in adults who have multiple medical conditions as well as screening for suicidality in this group may be important preventive measures to help reduce suicidal behavior in the general population.
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Mandell LN, Rodriguez VJ, De La Rosa A, Abbamonte JM, Sued O, Cecchini D, Cassetti I, Cahn P, Weiss SM, Jones DL. Suicidal Ideation Among Adults Re-engaging in HIV Care in Argentina. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:3427-3434. [PMID: 31049810 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Argentina has one of the highest suicide rates in Latin America and the Caribbean. Though people living with HIV are at increased risk for suicidal behavior, little research on suicide risk has been conducted among HIV-positive people in this region. This study examined risk factors for suicidal ideation among HIV-infected adults (N = 360) re-engaging in care in Argentina. Overall, 21% of participants reported suicidal ideation in the past week. In adjusted logistic regression models, younger age, increased depressive symptomatology, and drug abuse were associated with suicidal ideation (p < 0.05); decreased motivation for adherence and fewer months since initiating antiretroviral therapy approached significance (p = 0.07). Suicidal ideation was common in this sample of HIV-positive patients in Argentina. Findings highlight the need for routine risk assessment and interventions integrated into the HIV care continuum, addressing depression, substance use, and suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissa N Mandell
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Violeta J Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aileen De La Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John M Abbamonte
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Omar Sued
- Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Pedro Cahn
- Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stephen M Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Deborah L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Suite 404A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Tyree GA, Vaida F, Zisook S, Mathews WC, Grelotti DJ. Clinical correlates of depression chronicity among people living with HIV: What is the role of suicidal ideation? J Affect Disord 2019; 258:163-171. [PMID: 31426014 PMCID: PMC6909554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronicity of depression among people living with HIV (PLWH) is associated with poorer viral suppression and mortality risk. The extent to which suicidal ideation (SI) and other baseline characteristics predict a prolonged duration of depressive illness among PLWH is not known but could help identify PLWH most at risk. METHODS Data were drawn from a sample of 1002 depressed PLWH engaged in primary care at a metropolitan HIV clinic from 2007-2018, representing 2,569 person-years. Depression characteristics were derived from the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), administered during routine screening. Other characteristics were derived from clinic data. Unadjusted and covariate-adjusted survival analyses compared the time to depression remission between depressed participants with and without SI at their initial screening. RESULTS At baseline, 38.4% of depressed PLWH endorsed SI. Depressed PLWH with SI took significantly longer to achieve remission from depression than those without SI. The association appeared to be mediated by depression symptom severity. When adjusted for age, depression diagnosis, any recent drug use, and depression symptom severity, baseline SI no longer predicted remission hazard. LIMITATIONS Participants were assessed for depression with variable frequency. The analysis assumed all patients received comparable treatment for their depression. Some variables were based on clinic measurements that may be subject to misclassification bias. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that depressed PLWH with SI are at risk for greater chronicity of depression because their depression is more severe. Accordingly, PLWH should be urgently engaged in psychiatric care in the event of SI or severe depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin A Tyree
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florin Vaida
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sidney Zisook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William C Mathews
- Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David J Grelotti
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Shim EJ, Lee SH, Kim NJ, Kim ES, Bang JH, Sohn BK, Park HY, Son KL, Hwang H, Lee KM, Hahm BJ. Suicide Risk in Persons with HIV/AIDS in South Korea: a Partial Test of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Int J Behav Med 2019; 26:38-49. [PMID: 30255219 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-018-9749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high disease burden associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is linked to the elevated suicide risk in this population. Informed by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study examined how and under which conditions depression is related to suicide risk in people living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS A total of 202 outpatients with HIV/AIDS participated in a cross-sectional and multi-center survey involving four university hospitals in South Korea. This self-reported survey included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview suicidality module. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 48.6 (SD = 13.4) and the majority was male (89.1%). The proportions of those at high, medium, and low suicide risk were 18.5%, 20%, and 15.4%, respectively. Depression was associated with suicide risk directly and indirectly by increasing perceived burdensomeness (PB) and the indirect effect of depression on suicide risk mediated by PB was contingent on the level of thwarted belongingness (TB). PB was associated with suicide risk even after controlling for depression, suggesting its independent effect on suicide risk. CONCLUSIONS PB and TB are potential mechanisms through which depression is associated with suicide risk, supporting the applicability of the interpersonal theory of suicide to understanding a complex interplay of risk factors in people with HIV/AIDS. Moreover, given the independent association of PB with suicide risk, as well as a protective effect of TB in suicide risk, monitoring and management of these factors should be included in the care of people with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Shim
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Bang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Youn Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Lak Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Heesung Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Lee
- Public Health and Medical Service, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Casale M, Boyes M, Pantelic M, Toska E, Cluver L. Suicidal thoughts and behaviour among South African adolescents living with HIV: Can social support buffer the impact of stigma? J Affect Disord 2019; 245:82-90. [PMID: 30368074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents living with HIV represent a high-risk population for suicidal ideation and attempts, especially in low-income settings. Yet little is known about risk and protective factors for suicide in this population. METHODS A moderated mediation model was employed to test for potential (a) effects of stigma on suicidal ideation and attempts, both direct and mediated through depression and (b) direct and stress-buffering effects of social support resources on depression and suicidal ideation and attempts, among 1053 HIV-positive 10-19-year-old adolescents from a resource-scarce health district in South Africa. The survey data was collected using full community sampling of 53 clinics and tracing to over 180 communities. Effects of two support resources were tested: perceived support availability from the adolescents' social network and structured clinic support groups. Stigma was measured using the ALHIV-SS scale, depression through the CDI short form and social support through items from the MOS-SS. RESULTS Stigma was a risk factor for depression (B = 0.295; p < 001) and for suicidal thoughts and behaviour (B = 0.185; p < .001). Only perceived support availability was directly associated with less depression (B = -0.182, p < .001). However, both perceived support availability and support group participation contributed to the overall stress-buffering effects moderating the direct and indirect relationships between stigma and suicidal thoughts and behaviour. LIMITATIONS The data used in this study was self-reported and cross-sectional. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that strengthening multiple social support resources for HIV-positive adolescents, through early clinic and community-based interventions, may protect them from experiencing poor mental health and suicidal tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Casale
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, UK; School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Mark Boyes
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, UK; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Marija Pantelic
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, UK; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, UK
| | - Elona Toska
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, UK; AIDS and Society Research Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Sociology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lucie Cluver
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Ritchwood TD, Selin A, Pettifor A, Lippman SA, Gilmore H, Kimaru L, Hove J, Wagner R, Twine R, Kahn K. HIV self-testing: South African young adults' recommendations for ease of use, test kit contents, accessibility, and supportive resources. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:123. [PMID: 30696422 PMCID: PMC6352366 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uptake of HIV self-testing (HIVST) could address socio-structural barriers that prevent South African youth from utilizing the testing resources available in their communities. However, to facilitate this, we must tailor components of the HIVST kit and process to ensure that we reach and encourage youth to test. The purpose of this study to elucidate concerns and issues regarding HIVST rollout among South African youth. METHODS This study was conducted in two phases: 1) focus group discussions with rural, South African youth aged 18-24 and 2) direct observations of participants completing with an oral HIVST kit and/or a blood based HIVST kit. In phase 2a participants were invited to try both an oral and blood-based HIVST kit. In phase 2b, participants selected the HIVST kit of their choice. RESULTS We enrolled 35 unique participants in phase 1, 20 participants in phase 2a, and 40 participants in phase 2b. While the focus group discussions highlighted hypothetical HIVST use only, participants appreciated the privacy that the HIVST could afford them. However, they expressed concerns about whether HIVST could be trusted due to false positives and negatives, as well as whether a person would be able to emotionally handle the results if they tested alone. They suggested that the kits be used alongside someone who could provide support. In phases 2a and 2b, participants were overwhelmingly positive about both kits regarding ease of use and whether their results could be trusted. The participants, however, experienced more challenges with the blood-based versus oral test. When given the choice in phase 2b, most participants (80%) chose the oral HIVST over the blood-based HIVST. CONCLUSIONS During the focus group discussions, participants raised concerns about the validity of HIVST, lack of emotional support when testing alone, and the cost of HIVST kits, all of which could be addressed through current testing campaigns. Most of those who actually tested had positive experiences with HIVST and would recommend it to their friends. When offered a choice, most preferred the oral test. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03162965 , registered 19th May 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarney D. Ritchwood
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, 2200 W Main St, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Amanda Selin
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Audrey Pettifor
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Sheri A. Lippman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hailey Gilmore
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Linda Kimaru
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jennifer Hove
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ryan Wagner
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rhian Twine
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hsu R, Fusco J, Henegar C, Mounzer K, Wohlfeiler M, Vannappagari V, Aboud M, Curtis L, Fusco G. Psychiatric outcomes observed in patients living with HIV using six common core antiretrovirals in the Observational Pharmaco-Epidemiology Research and Analysis database. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2018; 9:675-686. [PMID: 30546862 DOI: 10.1177/2042098618798350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychiatric outcomes are common among people living with HIV and may be associated with specific antiretroviral use. We evaluated the occurrence of psychiatric outcomes in patients taking dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimens compared with five other core agents. Methods Patients in the OPERA database prescribed regimens based on DTG, efavirenz (EFV), raltegravir (RAL), darunavir (DRV), rilpivirine (RPV), or elvitegravir (EVG) for the first time between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 were analyzed. Psychiatric outcomes included diagnoses of anxiety, depression, insomnia, or suicidality during core agent exposure. Multivariable Cox analysis models were used to assess time to psychiatric outcomes between core agents stratified by psychiatric history, with DTG as the referent. Results A total of 13,261 patients initiated a regimen of interest (DTG: 2783; RAL: 979; EVG: 3895, EFV: 1746, RPV: 1921, DRV: 1937). Psychiatric history was common, with varied prevalence across groups (DTG 38%, EFV 24%, RAL 40%, DRV 34%, RPV 29%, EVG 31%). Among patients without a psychiatric history, the likelihood of a psychiatric outcome during follow up did not differ between DTG and the other core agents. Among patients with a psychiatric history, risk during follow up for patients taking DTG was equivalent (versus RPV), marginally reduced (versus RAL and EFV), or reduced (versus EVG and DRV). Conclusions In a large cohort of HIV+ patients in care, patients with a psychiatric history appeared channeled towards drugs with known favorable psychiatric safety profiles, including DTG. Despite this, DTG exposure was not associated with an increased risk of psychiatric outcomes during follow up in patients with or without a psychiatric history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Hsu
- AIDS Healthcare Foundation, New York, NY, USA, and New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Fusco
- Epividian, Inc., 4505 Emperor Blvd, Suite 220, Durham, NC 27703, USA
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Vitale A, Ryde J. Exploring Risk Factors Affecting the Mental Health of Refugee Women Living with HIV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102326. [PMID: 30360458 PMCID: PMC6209869 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how the intersection of being a forced migrant and living with HIV can contribute to the development or exacerbation of pre-existing mental conditions. This study is set in this context and it aims to explore specific risk factors affecting the mental health of refugee women living with HIV. A total of eight refugee women living with HIV took part in the study; they were individually interviewed, and their transcripts were thematically analyzed. The overall findings indicated that participants’ mental health was impaired by multiple stressors associated with their conditions, such as racial discrimination, HIV-related stigma, including from health professionals, loneliness, and resettlement adversities. These all represent threats to public health, as they discourage individuals from engaging with adequate health/mental health services. Despite their situation, participants had not received psychological interventions and their healthcare was reduced to managing the physical symptoms of HIV. Participants indicated their need to take part in group interventions that could promote their mental health and social recovery. These findings are relevant to raising awareness about the specific risk factors affecting refugee women living with HIV and to provide evidence for public health interventions based on this specific population’s need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Vitale
- College of Liberal Arts (CoLA), Bath Spa University, Newton Park, Bath BA29BN, UK.
| | - Judy Ryde
- Trauma Foundation South West, Barrow Castle, Rush Hill, Bath BA22QR, UK.
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Rodriguez VJ, Mandell LN, Babayigit S, Manohar RR, Weiss SM, Jones DL. Correlates of Suicidal Ideation During Pregnancy and Postpartum Among Women Living with HIV in Rural South Africa. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:3188-3197. [PMID: 29752621 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In developing countries, up to 20% of maternal deaths during pregnancy are due to suicide, and being HIV-infected confers additional risk. This manuscript sought to identify perinatal correlates of suicidal ideation among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in rural South Africa. Pregnant WLHIV (N = 681) were recruited and re-assessed at 12-months postpartum. Mean age was 28.3 (SD = 5.7) years and 68% were below the poverty line. Prenatal suicidal ideation was 39%; suicidal ideation continued for 7% at 12 months, 13% experienced incident suicidal ideation, and for 19% suicidal ideation had stopped postnatally. Intimate partner violence (AOR = 1.17) and depression (AOR = 1.14) predicted sustained suicidal ideation. Increased income (AOR = 2.25) and greater stigma (AOR = 1.33) predicted incident suicidal ideation. Younger age (AOR = 0.94), disclosure of HIV status to partner (AOR = 0.60), and greater stigma (AOR = 1.24) predicted postnatal cessation of suicidal ideation. Perinatal care may provide windows of opportunity for identification and treatment of suicidal ideation.
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Feyissa GT, Lockwood C, Woldie M, Munn Z. Evaluation of a guideline developed to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings and establishing consensus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198781. [PMID: 30052634 PMCID: PMC6063398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing guidelines and policies is critical to address HIV-related stigma and discrimination (SAD) in healthcare settings. To this end, a multidisciplinary panel developed a guideline to reduce SAD. This project evaluated the appropriateness of implementing the guideline in the Ethiopian context. METHODS A consensus of the expert panel was established through a modified Delphi technique which was followed by a panel meeting. Initial tentative recommendations were distributed to experts through e-mails to be evaluated using the modified guideline implementability appraisal (GLIA) v.2.0 checklist. RESULTS In the first round of the Delphi survey, all (13) panel members evaluated the guideline. The overall score for the general domain of the modified GLIA checklist was 96.56%. The scores for individual recommendations ranged from 68.33% to 92.76%. Maximum and minimum scores were attained for measurability (97.71%) and flexibility (59.77%) domains respectively. Percentages mean score lower than 75% was obtained for flexibility and validity domains. Participants suggested that additional tools and training should be added to the guideline. In the second round of the survey, all the recommendations received endorsement with scores above 75%. Maximum and minimum scores were attained for measurability (100%) and flexibility (86.88%) domains respectively. During the panel meeting, issues of responsibility for implementing the guideline were discussed. CONCLUSION The project evaluated implementability of a guideline developed to reduce HIV-related SAD in healthcare settings. The Delphi survey was followed by a half-day meeting that helped in further clarification of points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garumma Tolu Feyissa
- Jimma University, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Evidence Based Health Care Centre: JBI Center of Excellence, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Craig Lockwood
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mirkuzie Woldie
- Jimma University, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Evidence Based Health Care Centre: JBI Center of Excellence, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Health Economics, Management and Policy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zachary Munn
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Shadloo B, Amin-Esmaeili M, Motevalian A, Mohraz M, Sedaghat A, Gouya MM, Rahimi-Movaghar A. Psychiatric disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS in IRAN: Prevalence, severity, service utilization and unmet mental health needs. J Psychosom Res 2018; 110:24-31. [PMID: 29764602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV and psychiatric disorders are closely correlated and are accompanied by some similar risk factors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess psychiatric comorbidity and health service utilization for mental problems among people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. METHODS A total of 250 cases were randomly selected from a large referral center for HIV treatment and care in Tehran, Iran. Psychiatric disorders in the past 12 months including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were assessed through face-to-face interview, using a validated Persian translation of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI v2.1). Severity of psychiatric disorders, social support, socio-economic status, service utilization and HIV-related indicators were assessed. RESULTS Participants consisted of 147 men and 103 women. Psychiatric disorders were found in 50.2% (95% confidence interval: 43.8-56.6) of the participants. Major depressive disorder was the most prevalent diagnosis (32.1%), followed by substance use disorders (17.1%). In bivariate analysis, psychiatric disorders were significantly higher among male gender, single and unemployed individuals and those with lower social support. In multivariate regression analysis, only social support was independently associated with psychiatric disorders. Among those with a psychiatric diagnosis, 41.1% had used a health service for mental problems and 53% had received minimally adequate treatment. CONCLUSION The findings of the study highlight the importance of mental health services in the treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Shadloo
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Motevalian
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Sedaghat
- Iranian Center for Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
- Iranian Center for Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dalwadi DA, Ozuna L, Harvey BH, Viljoen M, Schetz JA. Adverse Neuropsychiatric Events and Recreational Use of Efavirenz and Other HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drugs. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:684-711. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.013706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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50
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Hentzien M, Cabie A, Pugliese P, Billaud É, Poizot-Martin I, Duvivier C, Valantin MA, Kaladjian A, Dramé M, Bani-Sadr F. Factors associated with deaths from suicide in a French nationwide HIV-infected cohort. HIV Med 2018; 19:551-558. [PMID: 29856132 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at a higher risk of dying by suicide than the general population. Epidemiological data regarding determinants of suicide in PLHIV are scarce. The aim of this study was thus to study demographic, socio-economic, psychiatric history and immunovirological characteristics associated with death from suicide in the French multicenter Dat'AIDS cohort, from January 2000 to July 2013. METHODS This was a nested case-control study. All deceased PLHIV during the study period who died by suicide and whose medical files could be checked were included as cases. Controls were selected using incidence density sampling. For each case, up to four controls were selected among all actively followed PLHIV at the index date (date of death of cases). Controls were matched for time from HIV diagnosis (5-year periods) and clinical centre. RESULTS Seventy cases and 279 controls were included in the study. By multivariable analysis, the factors significantly associated with death from suicide were: not having children, active or substituted drug consumption, alcohol intake > 20 g/day or history of alcohol abuse, history of depressive disorder and/or of attempted suicide, and psychotropic drug intake. Conversely, age, gender, country of birth, positive HCV serology and HIV-related factors, such as AIDS status, use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), nadir and current CD4 counts and HIV viral load, were not significantly associated with the risk of death from suicide. CONCLUSIONS In the cART era, HIV-related factors are not associated with a higher risk of suicide mortality. Suicide prevention measures should target PLHIV with the psychological morbidities observed in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hentzien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - A Cabie
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, INSERM CIC1424, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - P Pugliese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - É Billaud
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - I Poizot-Martin
- Immuno-Hematology Clinic, Marseille University Hospital, Marseille, France
- INSERM U912 (SESSTIM), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - C Duvivier
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, IHU Imagine, Paris, France
| | - M-A Valantin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - A Kaladjian
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - M Dramé
- Department of Research and Public Health, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- Faculty of Medicine, EA 3797, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - F Bani-Sadr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- EA-4684/SFR CAP-SANTE, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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