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Lefkovits AM, Pepin G, Phillipou A, Giles S, Rowan J, Krug I. Striving to support the supporters: A mixed methods evaluation of the strive support groups for caregivers of individuals with an eating disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:880-897. [PMID: 38613830 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
This mixed-methods study evaluated a peer-led support group for ED caregivers; the Eating Disorders Families Australia strive support groups. Quantitatively, 110 past or current strive attendees completed an online survey assessing their own and their care recipients' demographic profiles, strive's impact on caregiving experiences, and caregivers' psychological distress, burden, caregiving skills and self-efficacy. Qualitative assessment comprised open-ended survey questions about caregivers' strive experiences, reinforced by in-depth focus group assessment of nine participants. Quantitative analyses revealed that participants felt more confident and supported, and less isolated in their caregiving since attending strive. Caregivers displayed mid-range psychological distress and caregiver burden, and moderate caregiver skills and self-efficacy. Qualitatively, the most helpful aspects of strive were the shared experience among participants, education, and support. The most difficult elements were emotional distress and overly dominant members. Reflections discussed the necessity of caregiver support and factors impacting strive attendance. Participants recommended resuming face-to-face contact and differentiating groups based on participant characteristics (e.g. care recipients' age/stage of illness). The current findings provide support for the importance and overall positive contribution of support groups led by caregivers, such as strive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Genevieve Pepin
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Giles
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Rowan
- Eating Disorders Families Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Arslan K, Akinci B, Ucgun H. Peak expiratory flow, core performance and physical activity in normal-weight, overweight, and obese adolescents. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 33:124-130. [PMID: 38993718 PMCID: PMC11234185 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2024-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) compare peak expiratory flow (PEF), physical activity (PA), and core performance among normal-weight, overweight, and obese adolescents and (2) explore the relationships between PEF, physical activity, core performance, and anthropometric measurements across these groups. Ninety adolescents aged 10-13 yr were categorized based on BMI: normal weight (n = 30, 5th to < 85th percentile, BMI-Z score -2 to < 1), overweight (n = 30, 85th to < 95th percentile, BMI-Z score 1 to < 2), and obese (n = 30, > 95th percentile, BMI-Z score > 2). PEF and percent-predicted values of PEF (PEF% pred) values were calculated. Waist and neck circumferences were measured. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), from which total and subscores were derived. Core performance was evaluated through modified push-up (MPU) and sit-up tests. The PEF% pred and PAQ-C scores showed no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). However, MPU repetition rates were significantly lower in obese adolescents compared to overweight (p = 0.019) and normal-weight peers (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between PEF% pred and PAQ-C total scores (p = 0.014), as well as out-of-school subscores (p = 0.039) in overweight adolescents. Similarly, PEF% pred was linked to MPU repetitions in obese adolescents (p = 0.029). Obese adolescents exhibited decreased core performance relative to their overweight and normal-weight counterparts, which correlated with the PEF% pred. Physical activity was associated with PEF% pred exclusively in overweight adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Arslan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Postgraduate Education, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Akinci
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Ucgun
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Żegleń M, Kryst Ł, Bąbel P. Want to be fit? Start with your mind! The role of the placebo effect in physical fitness in children: a preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:177-187. [PMID: 38081926 PMCID: PMC10824660 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is crucial to prevent and reduce excess body mass. The placebo effect can influence the outcomes of fitness-related interventions; however, this topic has not yet been extensively investigated in children. Summarising the data on placebo effects in fitness-related interventions is essential to understand this problem better. A systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, TripDatabase and Embase was carried out. A meta-analysis of the results of studies with comparable research plans was performed. There were significant differences, favouring the placebo intervention. At the final follow-up, the children in placebo groups had higher maximal heart rates, shorter recovery times, longer ergometry phases, running time and lower peak and average perceived exertion than the control. The placebo effect is present in fitness-related parameters in children, regardless of the Body Mass Index status. It is crucial, as for youth with excess body mass, it is difficult to be active, especially to show appropriate levels of motivation and involvement. Importantly, the benefits of the placebo were the strongest in the motivation/ engagement-related parameters and self-assessed exertion. Notably, the nocebo effect was not observed, which is advantageous when considering placebo interventions in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żegleń
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Psychology, Pain Research Group, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- University of Physical Education in Kraków, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Anthropology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bąbel
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Psychology, Pain Research Group, Kraków, Poland
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Urbano-Mairena J, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Carlos-Vivas J, Pastor-Cisneros R, Castillo-Paredes A, Rodal M, Muñoz-Bermejo L. Role of Satisfaction with Life, Sex and Body Mass Index in Physical Literacy of Spanish Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:181. [PMID: 38397293 PMCID: PMC10886828 DOI: 10.3390/children11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity (PL) is essential to achieve good health, prevent cardiovascular diseases, obesity and overweight, as well as to achieve a better quality of life. Therefore, PL could become the tool to increase the practice of physical activity among young people, thus increasing life satisfaction (LS) given its positive relationship with physical activity. A single-measure cross-sectional correlational study was carried out, involving 135 children aged 8-12 years from Extremadura. They were administered the SWLS questionnaire and the Canadian assessment of physical literacy (CAPL-2). Significantly higher levels of PL (p = 0.010) were found in normal-weight children compared to overweight and obese children, due to the physical competence domain score (p < 0.001). PL was directly related to SWLS (p < 0.001), but inversely related to BMI (p = 0.018). The daily physical activity behaviour domain was explained by SWLS (p < 0.001) and sex (p < 0.001). Physical competence was described by SWLS (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.045). Finally, the motivation and confidence domain were only significantly associated with SWLS (p < 0.001). It was concluded that boys and girls of normal weight achieved higher levels of PL and LS than those with overweight and obesity, establishing a negative relationship of PL with BMI and positive with LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Urbano-Mairena
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.U.-M.); (R.P.-C.)
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.U.-M.); (R.P.-C.)
| | - Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física (AFySE), Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Miguel Rodal
- BioErgon Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University Centre of Mérida, University of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain;
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McQuillan K, Yoshida-Montezuma Y, Jambon M, Vanderloo LM, Gonzalez A, Anderson LN. Physical activity and unexpected weight change in Ontario children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional analysis of the Ontario Parent Survey 2. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292934. [PMID: 38300964 PMCID: PMC10833564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between children's parent-reported physical activity levels and weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among children and youth in Ontario Canada. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in parents of children 5-17 years living in Ontario from May to July 2021. Parents recalled their child's physical activity and weight change during the year prior to their completion of the survey. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multinomial logistic regression for the association between physical activity and weight gain or loss, adjusted for child age and gender, parent ethnicity, current housing type, method of school delivery, and financial stability. Overall, 86.8% of children did not obtain 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day and 75.4% of parents were somewhat or very concerned about their child's physical activity levels. For all physical activity exposures (outdoor play, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), lower physical activity was consistently associated with increased odds of weight gain or loss. For example, the adjusted OR for the association between 0-1 days of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity versus 6-7 days and child weight gain was 5.81 (95% CI 4.47, 7.56). Parent concern about their child's physical activity was also strongly associated with child weight gain (OR 7.29; 95% CI 5.94, 8.94). No differences were observed between boys and girls. This study concludes that a high proportion of children in Ontario had low physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and that low physical activity was strongly associated with parent reports of both weight gain and loss among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McQuillan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yulika Yoshida-Montezuma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Jambon
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh M. Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura N. Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Qiu Y, Wei X, Tao Y, Song B, Wang M, Yin Z, Xie M, Duan A, Chen Z, Wang Z. Causal association of leisure sedentary behavior and cervical spondylosis, sciatica, intervertebral disk disorders, and low back pain: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1284594. [PMID: 38322127 PMCID: PMC10844448 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1284594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies suggest sedentary behavior is a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal association between leisure sedentary behavior (LSB) (including television (TV) viewing, computer use, and driving) and the incidence of sciatica, intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD), low back pain (LBP), and cervical spondylosis (CS). Methods We obtained the data of LSB, CS, IVDD, LBP, sciatica and proposed mediators from the gene-wide association studies (GWAS). The causal effects were examined by Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) test, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode. And sensitivity analysis was performed using MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) and MR-Egger intercept test. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was conducted to investigate the independent factor of other LSB; while two-step MR analysis was used to explore the potential mediators including Body mass index (BMI), smoking initiation, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder between the causal association of LSB and these diseases based on previous studies. Results Genetically associated TV viewing was positively associated with the risk of CS (OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.25 to 2.07, p = 0.002), IVDD (OR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.77 to 2.48, p = 3.79 × 10-18), LBP (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.53 to 2.21, p = 1.04 × 10-10) and sciatica (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.45 to 2.27, p = 1.42 × 10-7). While computer use was associated with a reduced risk of IVDD (OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.55 to 0.79, p = 8.06 × 10-6), LBP (OR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.40 to 0.59, p = 2.68 × 10-13) and sciatica (OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.46 to 0.75, p = 1.98 × 10-5). Sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of MR outcomes. MVMR analysis showed that the causal effect of TV viewing on IVDD (OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.13 to 2.25, p = 0.008), LBP (OR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.50 to 3.08, p = 3.38 × 10-5), and sciatica (OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.03 to 2.52, p = 0.037) was independent of other LSB. Furthermore, two-step MR analysis indicated that BMI, smoking initiation, T2DM may mediate the causal effect of TV viewing on these diseases. Conclusion This study provides empirical evidence supporting a positive causal association between TV viewing and sciatica, IVDD and LBP, which were potentially mediated by BMI, smoking initiation and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingzhou Wei
- Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchen Tao
- Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingyi Song
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjia Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aojie Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Spring KE, Chen CC, Powell MB, Smith JW, Stratton KK, Wadsworth DD, Holmes ME. Impact of Seated Movement Incorporation on Middle School Classroom Physical Activity Levels and Academic Engagement. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:1011-1019. [PMID: 36006695 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Physical inactivity is linked with several chronic diseases and poor academic outcomes. This study aimed to examine the effect an under-the-desk band would have on middle school students' physical activity level, and academic engagement. Methods: Two local middle school classrooms (n = 42, M = 20, F = 22) participated in the study, which was conducted over 14 weeks. Physical activity was measured with accelerometry, and academic engagement was assessed using momentary time sampling. Enrolled participants were provided an accelerometer to wear upon entering the classroom. The baseline period lasted for 36 days. During the intervention period, which lasted for the next 30 days, an under-the-desk band was provided to students to freely fidget at their desks. After the study, 13 participants (M = 5, F = 8) in Class A were included in final physical activity analysis, and the 6 participants (M = 3, F = 3) in Class B were included in the academic engagement analysis. Results: Class A had significant increases in percentage of sedentary time (MD = -12.91%, ES = .88) in addition to significant decreases in the percentage of light (MD = 8.82%, ES = .67), moderate (MD = 3.08%, ES = .84), and vigorous (MD = -.04%, ES = .63) physical activity time during the intervention period compared to the baseline period. No significant or meaningful changes occurred in academic engagement with the use of the under-the-desk band. Conclusions: This study high- lights the importance of finding appropriate methods to increase physical activity for adolescents.
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Mesquita EDDL, Tebar WR, Correia DCQ, Guica JT, Torres W, Fernandes RA, Agostinete RR, Christofaro DGD. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adolescents and their parents: a specific analysis by sex and socioeconomic status. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:189. [PMID: 37875950 PMCID: PMC10594871 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of lifestyle habits of parents and of their children has been widely investigated as an important determinant for healthy habits in youth. Although parental sociodemographic characteristics are potential confounding factors in parent-child physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), it is still unclear whether these factors have a moderating role in this association. This study aimed to analyze the association of parent-child PA and SB according to parental sex and economic level in adolescents. METHODS The study sample was made up of 1231 adolescents (15.6 ± 1.1 years, 58.2% of girls), 1202 mothers and 871 fathers. The leisure-time and commuting PA was assessed by the Baecke questionnaire, while sedentary behaviour (SB) was assessed according to hours per week of television viewing and computer use, by both adolescents and their parents. Economic status was analyzed using a questionnaire and classified as low, medium, and high. Linear models were used to assess the association of parent-child PA and SB in the different domains according to parental sex and economic level. RESULTS Leisure time was associated between boys and their fathers in high (β = 0.23, p = 0.044) and low economic classes (β = 0.31, p < 0.001), and girls and their mothers in low economic class (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Commuting PA was associated between adolescents and both parents in low economic class (fathers β = 0.21, p = 0.005; mothers (β = 0.15, p = 0.020). TV time of boys was associated with TV time of fathers in low economic class (β = 0.13, p = 0.022) and with TV time of mothers in medium economic class (β = 0.13, p = 0.046). Among girls, TV time was associated with TV time of both parents only in low economic class (fathers β = 0.28, p < 0.001; mothers β = 0.25, p < 0.001). Computer use of girls was associated with computer use of fathers in high economic class (β = 1.72, p = 0.043) and mothers in low economic class (β = 0.57, p = 0.014), while no association was observed among boys. CONCLUSION Economic status was shown to be an important moderator of the association between parent-child PA and SB in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte de Lima Mesquita
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayane Cristina Queiroz Correia
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juziane Teixeira Guica
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wésley Torres
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Spring KE, Carroll AV, Wadsworth DD. The relationship in early childhood body composition and physical activity levels regarding fundamental motor skill development. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:461. [PMID: 37704949 PMCID: PMC10500867 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are considered essential for sport participation and might be deficit in obese children. While evidence indicates that physical activity (PA) levels impact motor skill development, the relationship between body composition, PA, and motor competence, particularly in early childhood, is not thoroughly understood. We aimed to determine if PA, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) are predictors of FMS. METHODS Preschoolers (n = 47) from two preschools were assessed for FMS, PA, and body composition. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2) subscale scores were used to assess FMS. PA was assessed with a wrist-worn accelerometer for five days during school. FM and FFM were measured with foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS Linear regressions indicate significant models for stationary skills (SS) (F = 4.57, p = .004) and object manipulation skills (OMS) (F = 4.66, p = .003). FFM was the only significant predictor of SS (t = 3.98, p < .001) and OMS (t = 3.50, p = .001). FM and all intensities of PA were nonsignificant predictors in all models. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that interventions that target improving or maintaining FFM may improve FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Spring
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
- Division of Population and Public Health Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Godoy-Cumillaf A, Fuentes-Merino P, Farías-Valenzuela C, Duclos-Bastías D, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Bruneau-Chávez J, Merellano-Navarro E. The Association between Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness with Body Mass Index and Sleep Time in Chilean Girls and Boys: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:981. [PMID: 37371213 DOI: 10.3390/children10060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the school population has undergone behavioral changes that have affected their health and adult life. The current educational scenario presents high levels of sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, low physical fitness, high levels of obesity, and non-compliance with sleep recommendations. In Chile, the scientific evidence on associations between these behaviors is incipient. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and physical fitness with BMI and minutes of sleep in Chilean children aged 10 to 11 years. METHODS A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 222 schoolchildren aged 10 to 11 years. The variables measured were body composition (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run test), lower and upper muscular strength (long jump test and handgrip dynamometry), speed (4 × 10 m running), and flexibility (sit and reach test). Physical activity and sleep were measured by accelerometers. RESULTS Of the participants, 60.4% and 90.6% did not comply with sleep and physical activity recommendations, respectively. Physical fitness was higher in boys in all components. The results of the linear regression show that in girls, moderate-vigorous-intensity physical activity, lower- and upper-body muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance were associated with BMI and sleep. In boys, light-intensity physical activity and upper-body muscular strength were associated with both variables. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity intensity, strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with BMI and sleep; however, physical activity intensity and associated physical fitness components differed by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Paola Fuentes-Merino
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | - Daniel Duclos-Bastías
- School of Physical Education, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Science Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Instituto del Deporte y Bienestar, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - José Bruneau-Chávez
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
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11
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Jones BL, Orton AL, Tindall SW, Christensen JT, Enosakhare O, Russell KA, Robins AM, Larriviere-McCarl A, Sandres J, Cox B, Thomas C, Reynolds C. Barriers to Healthy Family Dinners and Preventing Child Obesity: Focus Group Discussions with Parents of 5-to-8-Year-Old Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:952. [PMID: 37371184 DOI: 10.3390/children10060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous physical and mental health benefits for children have been linked to family dinners, many families still do not have regular family meals together. This study sought to identify the barriers that keep families from having dinners together. METHODS We interviewed 42 parents of 5-to-8-year-old children in small focus groups to identify barriers and challenges that keep families from having healthy and consistent dinners together. RESULTS Parents reported the main barriers were time (e.g., time strain and overscheduling, mismatched schedules, long work hours, etc.), lack of meal planning or failure to follow plans, lack of skills (e.g., cooking skills or nutritional awareness), external factors (e.g., daycare, schools, or extended family, and competing with advertising), and food-related challenges (e.g., picky eating, food allergies). Parents also suggested potential solutions to overcome these barriers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, parents had a desire to have family dinners with their children, but they felt that there are many barriers keeping them from establishing or maintaining consistent family mealtimes. Future research, as well as child obesity prevention and intervention efforts, should consider these barriers and suggested solutions in efforts to promote healthy and consistent family meals as a means of lowering the prevalence of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Adam L Orton
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Spencer W Tindall
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | | | - Keeley A Russell
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Robins
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Joseph Sandres
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Braden Cox
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Connor Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Christina Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Blinder H, Narang I, Chaput JP, Katz SL. Sleep quality, physical activity, screen time, and substance use in children with obesity: associations with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:511-518. [PMID: 36468645 PMCID: PMC9978425 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and lifestyle habits in children with obesity is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between lifestyle patterns (sleep quality, physical activity, recreational screen time, and substance use) and OSA presence and severity in children with obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited children with obesity, aged 8-17 years, who were referred to undergo polysomnography. Children completed questionnaires on sleep quality, physical activity, recreational screen time, and substance use. Children also had a diagnostic polysomnography. The association between questionnaire scores and OSA severity, after adjusting for body mass index z-score, age, and sex, was evaluated using negative binomial multiple regression. Correlations were conducted between sleep quality, physical activity, screen time, substance use, and OSA severity. RESULTS A total of 100 children were included in the analysis (mean age: 14.3 ± 2.6 years; 44% female; mean body mass index z-score: 2.5 ± 0.4; 65% with OSA). In the adjusted regression analysis, each additional substance-use behavior was associated with a 17% (95% confidence interval: 1%, 36%) increase in OSA severity. Correlations were identified between poorer sleep quality and lower physical activity (r = -.42), poorer sleep quality and more substance-use behaviors (r = .40), and greater physical activity and less substance-use behaviors (r = -.26). CONCLUSIONS In children with obesity, more substance-use behaviors were independently associated with greater OSA severity. As there are complex, bidirectional relationships between lifestyle behaviors and OSA severity, interventions need to be comprehensive and multifactorial to ensure successful treatment of OSA and its sequelae in children. CITATION Blinder H, Narang I, Chaput J-P, Katz SL; on behalf of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network. Sleep quality, physical activity, screen time, and substance use in children with obesity: associations with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(3):511-518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Blinder
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Indra Narang
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sherri Lynne Katz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - on behalf of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Rietz M, Schmidt-Persson J, Rasmussen MGB, Egebaek HK, Wedderkopp N, Kristensen PL, Grøntved A. Recreational screen time trajectories during early childhood and imaging-measured body composition at age 7 in the Odense child cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023. [PMID: 36799105 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children spend increasing amounts of time on recreational screen media, which may lead to an obesogenic environment. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of trajectories of screen time across ages 3, 5 and 7 years with body composition at age 7 in the Odense Child Cohort. METHODS Data were collected in the Municipality of Odense, Denmark, between 2010 and 2019. Group-based trajectory modelling was applied to group participants into four trajectories of prospective parent-reported screen time. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry with calculated fat-mass index (FMI) as the primary outcome. Primary models were linear multivariable regression models adjusted for participants' sex, age, birthweight, maternal origin, maternal education, maternal body-mass-index, and maternal age. Further models were adjusted for additional possible confounders. Selection bias was addressed by inverse probability weighting. RESULTS In total, 803 children (48.2% female) were included in the primary analysis. Participants with screen time at all time points were assigned to four trajectory groups [constant low screen time (12.7%), low increase (36.3%), high increase between ages 3 and 5 (33.5%) and high increase in screen time (17.5%)]. Sample characteristics differed across missing data status and trajectories. Mean FMI (kg/m2 ) and standard deviation (SD) were 3.7 (SD 1.3) and 3.9 (SD 1.6) for the constant low versus high screen time, respectively. No differences in FMI were found between screen time trajectory groups at age 7 (adjusted mean difference 0.1 kg/m2 , 95% confidence interval -0.3, 0.5 for constant low versus high screen time). No consistent associations between screen time groups and secondary body composition outcomes were found. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study do not suggest that recreational screen time from age 3 to 7 years is associated with adiposity or other measures of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rietz
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Schmidt-Persson
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Gillies Banke Rasmussen
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heidi Klakk Egebaek
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,University College South Denmark, Haderslev, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- The Pediatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund Kristensen
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Liu Y, Hadier SG, Liu L, Hamdani SMZH, Hamdani SD, Danish SS, Fatima SU, Guo Y. Assessment of the Relationship between Body Weight Status and Physical Literacy in 8 to 12 Year Old Pakistani School Children: The PAK-IPPL Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020363. [PMID: 36832492 PMCID: PMC9955071 DOI: 10.3390/children10020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Physical literacy (PL) is a multidimensional concept, since it fosters lifetime engagement in physical activities and reduces obesity; however, empirical evidence is lacking to support this association. This study first aimed to establish PL levels stratified by normal weight children and children with overweight and obesity. Furthermore, this study determined a correlation between PL domains and BMI by weight status among South Punjab school children. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1360 (Boys: 675 and Girls: 685) children aged 8 to 12, and was conducted using CAPL-2. T-tests and chi-square were used to determine the difference between categorical variables, with MANOVA used to compare weight statuses. Spearman correlation was employed to determine the correlation between variables; p < 0.05 was considered significant. (3) Results: Normal weight children had significantly higher PL and domain scores, except for the knowledge domain. Most children with normal weights were at the achieving and excelling levels, while children with overweight and obesity were at the beginning and progressing levels. The correlation among PL domains in normal and overweight and obese children ranged from weak to strong (r = 0.001 to 0.737), and the knowledge domain was inversely correlated with the motivation domain (r = -0.023). PL and domain scores were inversely correlated to BMI, except for the knowledge domain. (4) Conclusions: Children with normal weight tend to have higher PL and domain scores, while those with overweight or obesity tend to have lower scores. There was a positive relationship between normal weight and higher PL and domain scores, and an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and higher PL scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghai Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Syed Ghufran Hadier
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-301-743-0185
| | - Long Liu
- School of Physical Education, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Hamdani
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
- Faculty of Sport Science, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Syed Danish Hamdani
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Shireen Danish
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sports University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Syeda Urooj Fatima
- Department of Sports Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Physical Education, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yanlan Guo
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Sugimoto D, Stracciolini A, Berbert L, Nohelty E, Kobelski GP, Parmeter B, Weller E, Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD. Assessment of Physical Tests in 6-11 Years Old Children: Findings from the Play Lifestyle and Activity in Youth (PLAY) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2552. [PMID: 36767925 PMCID: PMC9915144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate selected physical tests in children and to compare the outcomes by sex. A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate children 6-11 years who completed five physical tests: hand grip, vertical jump, sit and reach, Y-balance, and obstacle course (time and score). The outcome measures including test results were descriptively examined and compared by sex. The study participants consisted of 133 children (62 males and 71 females, with a median age of 7.8 years). Girls showed superior sit and reach performance (p = 0.002) compared with boys. Boys demonstrated better Y-balance scores (p = 0.007) and faster obstacle time (p = 0.042) than girls. Sex comparison within three age groups (6-<8 years, 8-<10 years, and 10-<12 years) showed that girls performed better on the sit and reach compared with boys in the in 6-<8 years (p = 0.009). Boys demonstrated higher Y-balance scores (p = 0.017) and faster obstacle time (p = 0.007) compared with girls in the 8-<10-year age group. These data will serve to guide future efforts to evaluate normative measures of physical literacy and guide targeted training interventions to promote sustained physical activity in children with deficits relative to their age and sex norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sugimoto
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 202-0021, Japan
| | - Andrea Stracciolini
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Berbert
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Nohelty
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Greggory P. Kobelski
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Becky Parmeter
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edie Weller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Gregory D. Myer
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA 30542, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
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Górna S, Pazdro-Zastawny K, Basiak-Rasała A, Krajewska J, Kolator M, Cichy I, Rokita A, Zatoński T. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors in Polish children and adolescents. Arch Pediatr 2023; 30:42-47. [PMID: 36481164 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Participating in physical activity (PA) is essential for children's proper development. Promoting physical activity from early school years is considered a highly important prevention task for good health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of PA and sedentary behavior of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years attending primary and junior high schools in Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, Poland. The study assessed the frequency of various forms of PA and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents. The age differences in PA and sedentary behavior in the cohort studied was also analyzed. DESIGN Survey study to assess children's and adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior were based on a parent-reported questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2913 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years (average age, 11.38 years) from Wroclaw, Poland, who participated in a pro-health campaign "Let's Get the Kids Moving." This project promotes a healthy lifestyle among primary and middle school students. RESULTS The frequency of physical activity significantly decreased as children grew older (p < 0.0001). As many as 18.6% of adolescents 13-17 years old undertook the recommended level of physical activity less than once a week. Time spent in front of the television or computer by pupils in group 3 was longer than in younger children (p < 0.0001). Nearly 19% of adolescents (13-17 years old) spent 5 h or more daily in a sitting position in front of the television or computer on weekends. CONCLUSIONS Polish children and adolescents do not spend the recommended level of time on physical activity and spend excessive time in front of the television and other electronic devices. The level of physical activity decreases as the number of hours spent in a sitting position increases with increasing age. Actions should be taken to avoid the long-term consequences of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Górna
- Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im Eugeniusza Piaseckiego w Poznaniu, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pazdro-Zastawny
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Alicja Basiak-Rasała
- Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Krajewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kolator
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Cichy
- University School of Physical Education in Wrocław: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wroclawiu, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- University School of Physical Education in Wrocław: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wroclawiu, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zatoński
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastow Slaskich we Wroclawiu, Wrocław, Poland
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Mensah Bonsu I, Brandt C, Ajidahun AT, Omoniyi M, Myezwa H. Physical activity, lifestyle, sociocultural factors and prevalence of excess weight gain among postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231184508. [PMID: 38099449 PMCID: PMC10725110 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231184508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most women experienced postmenopausal symptoms during the menopause transition, and they are a common reason for seeking medical attention and lifestyle modification during this phase of life. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the physical activity, lifestyle, and sociocultural levels-associated prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) among postmenopausal women (PW) in Bono-East (Techiman) region, Ghana. DESIGN This is cross-sectional study. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Bono-East regional capital, Techiman in Ghana over 5 months. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic data, physical activity, lifestyle, and sociocultural associated prevalence of excess weight. Anthropometric indices including ((body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) were assessed. RESULTS A total of 393 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 60.09 ± 6.24 years participated in the study. When reporting prevalence, obesity, and overweight were distinguished. Using the anthropometric parameters (BMI, WHtR, and WHR) as measured for being overweight, the prevalent rates were 35.7%, 21.7%, and 9.0% respectively. Also, when using obesity, the prevalent rate was 37.8%, 70.1%, and 82.0% using BMI, WHtR, and WHR, respectively. Over 55 (55.2%) of the study participants engaged in moderate physical activities, 23.1% were low and 21.7% with high physical activities. Housewives and unemployed participants are shown to have a higher risk of gaining weight (obese) especially when assessed with WHR and WHtR. Most participants responded that cultural beliefs prevent them from losing weight. Most participants had a poor attitude toward their eating habits. CONCLUSION According to the findings, postmenopausal Ghanaian women showed a high level of obesity and a moderate level of being overweight. The cultural perception of beauty influences Ghanaian postmenopausal women's physical activity level and dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Mensah Bonsu
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Corlia Brandt
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adedayo Tunde Ajidahun
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Moses Omoniyi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hellen Myezwa
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Chen M, Chua T, Shen Z, Tay LY, Wang X, Chia M. The Associations between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours and Quality of Life in Preschoolers: A Compositional Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from 2018-2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14969. [PMID: 36429687 PMCID: PMC9690870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that the quality of life (QoL) of preschoolers is closely related to physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep (SL). Yet many researchers looked at these 24-h movement behaviours as behaviours that are independent of one another when examining the association of QoL with these behaviours. The main purpose of the present study was to describe the temporal trends in PA, SB, and SL in preschoolers and the concomitant association with QoL of children. Annual cross-sectional data on QoL and 24-h movement behaviours of 8045 Singaporean preschoolers were collected from 2018 to 2021. Compositional analysis, linear regression, and isotemporal replacement approaches were used to examine changes in PA, SB, and SL from 2018-2021 and how these changes were associated with QoL. Temporal trends in movement behaviours showed that PA and SL decreased after 2020. During 2018-2021, the association of PA and QoL in preschoolers was characterised by a 'U' curve (βPA-2018 = 3.06, p < 0.001; βPA-2019 = 1.43, p < 0.05; βPA-2020 = -0.43, p > 0.05; βPA-2021 = 2.82, p < 0.001), while SL and QoL were characterised by an inverted 'U' curve (βSL-2018 = -2.39, p < 0.001; βSL-2019 = -0.27, p > 0.05; βSL-2020 = 2.00, p < 0.01; βSL-2021 = -0.21, p > 0.05). SB was significantly and negatively associated with QoL after 2020, with 2020 identified as the inflection point for the change in SB (βSB-2018 = 0.67, p > 0.05; βSB-2019 = -1.16, p > 0.05; βSB-2020 = -1.56, p < 0.01; βSB-2021 = -2.61, p < 0.01). Using a time re-allocation technique to treat the 2021 data, reallocating time from SB to PA or to SL predicted improvements in QoL of preschoolers (Pall < 0.05). The study provided useful information on the temporal trends in PA, SB, SL, and QoL of preschoolers over four years. Additionally, these data provided insights into how changes in QoL are predicted by changes in duration in the 24-h movement behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Chen
- Physical Education & Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
- College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Terence Chua
- Physical Education & Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Zhi Shen
- Department of Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lee Yong Tay
- Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Xiaozan Wang
- College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Michael Chia
- Physical Education & Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
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19
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Redondo-Flórez L, Ramos-Campo DJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Relationship between Physical Fitness and Academic Performance in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14750. [PMID: 36429470 PMCID: PMC9690464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies involving students have been developed with the objective to analyse the influence of different factors on academic performance. Nevertheless, all these studies were focused on stress and sympathetic modulation response instead of contemplating other physiological parameters that may affect academic performance. The aim of the present study was to analyse body composition, cardiovascular, sleep habits and physical activity factors related to the academic performance of university students. Two hundred and sixty-one students with bachelor's degrees in physical activity and sports science participated in the present study (age: 22.49 ± 3.84 years; weight: 73.94 ± 11.4 kg; height: 176.28 ± 7.68 cm; 87.7% males). Participants were divided into two groups according to their academic performance: low academic performance group (LAPG) and high academic performance group (HAPG). Body composition, blood pressure, physical activity and sleep habits were measured, and maximum oxygen uptake was estimated by the Cooper's 12 min run test. The results show that students with a high academic performance presented a higher VO2 max than the LAPG (LAPG = 40.32 ± 6.07; HAPG = 47.91 ± 6.89 mL/kg/min; p < 0.001), as well as lower diastolic blood pressure (LAPG = 72.44 ± 14.27; HAPG = 67.48 ± 13.50 mmHg; p < 0.01) and insomnia levels caused by breathing problems (LAPG = 0.37 ± 0.8; HAPG = 0.13 ± 0.42 a.u.; p = 0.046). Therefore, we found a relevant association between academic performance and VO2 max, diastolic blood pressure, and insomnia caused by breathing problems. These results highlight the importance of applying different programmes that may improve these factors, especially those related to physical activity and sleep habits in order to improve academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Martin Fierro Street, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Face-to-face physical activity incorporated into dietary intervention for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC Med 2022; 20:325. [PMID: 36056358 PMCID: PMC9438135 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent obesity has been reported to have deleterious consequences but is considered a promising modifiable risk factor. We aimed to investigate the optimal intervention for obese and overweight children and adolescents. METHODS We searched the Medline (PubMed, 1946-December 2020), PsycINFO (Ovid, 1927-December 2020), Cochrane library (1966-December 2020), Web of Science (1900-December 2020), Embase (1974-December 2020), CINAHL (1937-December 2020), Chinese Biomedical Literature (1978-December 2020), and ClinicalTrials.gov (December 2020) databases. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the association between various interventions and obese/overweight children and adolescents. The quality of the included studies was judged by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the comparative effectiveness of interventions based on several outcomes. RESULTS We included 118 RCTs comprising 71,064 participants in our analyses. Based on the outcome of the body mass index (BMI), face-to-face physical activity (FTF PA) combined with dietary intervention (DI) (mean difference [MD] = - 0.98; 95% credible interval [CrI] - 1.19, - 0.77), FTF multi-lifestyle intervention (MLI) (MD = - 0.95; 95% CrI - 1.14, - 0.75), and mobile health (MH)-delivered MLI (MD = - 0.87; 95% CrI - 1.63, - 0.09) showed significant benefits over the named control group (NCG). For the outcome of BMI z-score, FTF PA+DI (MD = - 0.10; 95% CrI - 0.15, - 0.04) and MH-delivered PA+DI (MD = - 0.09; 95% CrI - 0.14, - 0.04) were more effective than the NCG. Sensitivity analyses revealed similar findings after exclusion of studies with < 12-month and 24-month outcome assessments for the intervention, which indicated the results were stable. CONCLUSIONS Based on limited quality evidence and limited direct evidence, our preliminary findings showed that FTF-PA+DI, FTF-MLI, and MH-delivered MLI improved the health-related parameters in obese adolescents, in comparison with NCG. Owing to the absence of strong, direct evidence of a significant difference between the various interventions for the four outcomes, we can only cautiously suggest that FTF-PA+DI is likely the most effective intervention.
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Aminosharieh Najafi T, Abramo A, Kyamakya K, Affanni A. Development of a Smart Chair Sensors System and Classification of Sitting Postures with Deep Learning Algorithms. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5585. [PMID: 35898088 PMCID: PMC9371131 DOI: 10.3390/s22155585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays in modern societies, a sedentary lifestyle is almost inevitable for a majority of the population. Long hours of sitting, especially in wrong postures, may result in health complications. A smart chair with the capability to identify sitting postures can help reduce health risks induced by a modern lifestyle. This paper presents the design, realization and evaluation of a new smart chair sensors system capable of sitting postures identification. The system consists of eight pressure sensors placed on the chair's sitting cushion and the backrest. A signal acquisition board was designed from scratch to acquire data generated by the pressure sensors and transmit them via a Wi-Fi network to a purposely developed graphical user interface which monitors and stores the acquired sensors' data on a computer. The designed system was tested by means of an extensive sitting experiment involving 40 subjects, and from the acquired data, the classification of the respective sitting postures out of eight possible postures was performed. Hereby, the performance of seven deep-learning algorithms was assessed. The best accuracy of 91.68% was achieved by an echo memory network model. The designed smart chair sensors system is simple and versatile, low cost and accurate, and it can easily be deployed in several smart chair environments, both for public and private contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Aminosharieh Najafi
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (T.A.N.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Abramo
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (T.A.N.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Kyandoghere Kyamakya
- Institute for Smart Systems Technologies, Alpen-Adria University, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Antonio Affanni
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (T.A.N.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
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Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) Questionnaires. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148850. [PMID: 35886701 PMCID: PMC9320479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the questionnaires belonging to the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) into Spanish and to explore the reliability for its use in children and adolescents aged from 8 to 12 years. Methods: The CAPL-2 questionnaires were translated using the translation–back-translation methodology into Spanish and adapted to the Spanish context. The test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the CAPL-2 questionnaires of this Spanish version were analysed in 57 schoolchildren from a school in the region of Extremadura (Spain). Results: High internal consistency (α = 0.730 to 0.970) and test–retest reliabilities ranging from moderate to almost perfect in the knowledge and understanding domain (ICC = 0.486 to 0.888); from substantial to almost perfect in the motivation and confidence domain (ICC = 0.720 to 0.981); and almost perfect in the daily activity domain (ICC = 0.975) were found. The test–retest correlation was significantly weak to strong (r = 0.266 to 0.815) in both the motivation and confidence and knowledge and understanding domains, except for the third predilection item and the muscular endurance question. Significant test–retest differences were observed in the first intrinsic motivation item (p = 0.027) and the knowledge and understanding domain total score (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The Spanish version of the CAPL-2 questionnaires, translated and adapted to the context, are reliable measurement tools, serving to complete the full adaptation of the CAPL-2 test battery for use in children aged 8 to 12 years.
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Brooks C, Helson C, McCormack M, Baur LA, Gill T, Green J, Billah B, Cronin P, Johar A, Plaskett J, Nolan M, Latanik M, Renzaho AMN. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a family strengthening program to prevent unhealthy weight gain among 5 to 11-year-old children from at-risk families: the Strong Families Trial. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1215. [PMID: 35717146 PMCID: PMC9206134 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is an increasing health concern in Australia among adult and child populations alike and is often associated with other serious comorbidities. While the rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity has plateaued in high-income countries, it continues to increase among children from disadvantaged and culturally diverse backgrounds. The family environment of disadvantaged populations may increase the risk of childhood obesity through unhealthy eating and lifestyle practices. The Strong Families Trial aims to assess the effectiveness of a mixed behavioural and lifestyle intervention for parents and carers of at-risk populations, i.e. families from culturally diverse and disadvantaged backgrounds, in preventing unhealthy weight gain among children aged 5 to 11 years. Methods Eight hundred families from low socio-economic areas in Greater Western Sydney, NSW, and Melbourne, VIC, will be recruited and randomised into a lifestyle intervention or control group. The intervention comprises 90-minute weekly sessions for 6 weeks (plus two-booster sessions) of an integrated, evidence-based, parenting and lifestyle program that accounts for the influences of family functioning. Primary (anthropometric data) and secondary (family functioning, feeding related parenting, physical activity, consumption of healthy foods, health literacy, family and household costs) outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, immediately following the intervention, and 12 months post-intervention. Discussion This study will elucidate methods for engaging socially disadvantaged and culturally diverse groups in parenting programs concerned with child weight status. Trial Registration This study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001019190). Registered 16 July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristy Brooks
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Catherine Helson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madalyn McCormack
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Gill
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie Green
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Baki Billah
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paula Cronin
- University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anoop Johar
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Michelle Nolan
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monika Latanik
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases in all stages of life. However, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the recommended level of physical activity and its correlates related to physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among school students in Iran. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among Iranian high school adolescents.
Methods
The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used for data collection. Related data comprising socio-demographics, health risk behaviour and protective factors were obtained from 1517 high school students. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between relevant independent variables (e.g. gender) and the dependent outcome variable (physical inactivity/sedentary behaviour).
Results
The prevalence of recommended physical activity by WHO was 27.8%, physical inactivity 72.2% and sedentary behaviour 71.4%. Being female, being overweight or obese, walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, sitting 3 or more hours/day (sedentary behaviour), insufficient vegetable intake, being bullied and lack of parental support, peer support and parental connectivity (protective factors) were positively associated with physical inactivity. On the other hand, walking/cycling to or from school on 5–7 days and inadequate fruit intake were negatively associated with physical inactivity. Walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, being physically inactive, inadequate fruit intake and being bullied were positively associated with sedentary behaviour.
Conclusion
The prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour was high in our studied sample. Interventions that address the issue of active school transport, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, family and peer support and bullying should be given more priority by the public health authorities.
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Wiesinger HP, Buchecker M, Müller E, Stöggl T, Birklbauer J. Decreased Postural Complexity in Overweight to Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:850548. [PMID: 35572009 PMCID: PMC9097216 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.850548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although a few studies suggest that young overweight to obese children and adolescents (YO) may have impaired postural control compared to young normal-weight (YN) peers, little information exists about how these two groups differ in the quality of the underlying balance strategies employed. Hence, the aim of the present study was a first comprehensive examination of the structural complexity of postural sways in these two cohorts during quiet bilateral standing. Methods Nineteen YO secondary school students (13.0 ± 1.4 years; male = 10, female = 9) were carefully matched to YN controls (13.0 ± 1.5 years) for age, sex, height, and school. Mediolateral (ML) and anteriorposterior (AP) acceleration signals were recorded with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) positioned at the trunk while standing barefoot in two conditions: firm and foam support surface. The magnitude of postural fluctuations was obtained using the root mean square (RMS). The temporal structure of the signals was analyzed via sample entropy (SEn), largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE), and detrended fluctuation analysis (α-DFA) algorithm. Reliability was assessed using a test–retest design. Results In both groups, foam standing caused higher postural fluctuations (higher RMS values) and reduced structural complexity (lower SEn values, higher LyE values, higher α-DFA values). In comparison to YN, YO exhibited a higher RMSAP. Especially in ML direction, the acceleration signals of the YO had higher repeatability (smaller SEn values), greater long-range correlations (higher α-DFA values), and lower local stability (higher LyE values). However, these observations were largely independent of the task difficulty. Except for α-DFAAP, the IMU approach proved reliable to characterize posture control. Discussion Our outcomes confirm postural control deficits in YO compared to their YN peers and indicate impaired regulatory mechanisms reflected as rigidity. Such less complex patterns usually reflect diverse pathologies, are detrimental to compensate for internal or external perturbations, and are attributed to lower adaptability and task performance. Without targeted balance stimuli, YO likely end in a lifelong vicious circle of mutually dependent poor balance regulation and low physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Wiesinger
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Hans-Peter Wiesinger,
| | - Michael Buchecker
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jürgen Birklbauer
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Bulca Y, Bilgin E, Altay F, Demirhan G. Effects of a Short Video Physical Activity Program on Physical Fitness Among Physical Education Students. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:932-945. [PMID: 35418274 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221088069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Brain Break (BB) short video program is designed to improve physical activity (PA), motor skills, and fitness in children. In this study, we examined the effects of an 8-week short video-based Brain Break (HOPSports Company) PA program within physical education (PE) lessons on fitness and fitness knowledge among students. We studied 62 fifth-grade students (experimental group = 28; control group = 34) in the Ankara, Turkey school district. The experimental group received PE lessons once per week for eight weeks with the BB PA program, with extra videos viewed at home three days per week, while the control group received routine PE lessons during this period. We collected student responses to the Fitness Knowledge Test for Children and the Fitnessgram Test Battery before and after the experimental BB program. Results revealed that the experimental group showed increased fitness and fitness knowledge compared to the control group, showing that the BB PA videos can increase fitness and fitness knowledge in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Bulca
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Science, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Bilgin
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Science, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Altay
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Science, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gıyasettin Demirhan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Science, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Parents' Reports of Children's Physical and Sedentary Behavior Engagement among Parents in Weight Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073773. [PMID: 35409456 PMCID: PMC8997835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between demographics, family exercise participation, family discouragement of exercise, and the children’s physical and sedentary behaviors to identify specific areas of physical activity intervention for children with parents engaged in medical weight management (MWM). Methods: Parents (n = 294) of children aged 2−18 years old were recruited from two university MWM programs to complete a one-time survey. Bivariate analyses tested associations. Results: Parents reported that sedentary activity was higher for children who identified as racial minorities (t(141) = −2.05, p < 0.05). Mobile phone and tablet use was higher for adolescents compared to school age and young children (H(2) = 10.96, p < 01) Exercise game use was higher for racial minority children compared to white children (U = 9440.5, z = 2.47, p ≤ 0.03). Male children (t(284) = 1.83, p < 0.07), children perceived to have a healthy weight status (t(120) = 4.68, p < 0.00), and younger children (t(289) = 1.79, p < 0.08) all engaged in more strenuous physical activity. Family exercise participation (t(162) = −2.93, p < 0.01) and family discouragement of exercise (U = 7813.50, z = −2.06, p ≤ 0.04) were significantly higher for children in racial minority families. Conclusions: Future work should determine methods to engage children and their parents participating in MWM in physical activities together to ensure that the changes the parents are making with MWM are sustainable.
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Morrissey B, Orellana L, Allender S, Strugnell C. The Sleep-Obesity Nexus: Assessment of Multiple Sleep Dimensions and Weight Status Among Victorian Primary School Children. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:581-591. [PMID: 35422667 PMCID: PMC9005068 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s352357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between sleep and weight status across multiple dimensions of sleep (duration, efficiency, quality and timing) and assess the cumulative influence of these dimensions on the overall sleep-obesity association. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional data from 2253 students aged 8.8 to 13.5 years participating in two monitoring studies across regional Victoria was analyzed. Students were invited to have measures of height and weight taken and to complete a self-report electronic questionnaire on demographic characteristics and health behaviors. Logistic regression models were used to assess association between sleep dimensions and BMI z-scores. RESULTS Beyond sleep duration, poor perceived sleep quality, delayed sleep initiation, later bed times and sleep-wake timing, all significantly increased the odds of overweight/obesity (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07-2.01; OR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.55; and OR 1.70. 95% CI: 1.28-2.28, respectively). Additionally, a cumulative effect of having multiple poorly scored sleep dimensions was found, where four or more poorly scored sleep dimensions more than doubled the odds of overweight/obesity among children (OR 2.25, 95% CI: 1.41-3.58). CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of measuring and considering multiple dimensions of sleep, along with the individual and additive influence of the sleep dimension on the sleep-obesity nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Morrissey
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Kuhn AP, Kowalski AJ, Wang Y, Deitch R, Selam H, Rahmaty Z, Black MM, Hager ER. On the Move or Barely Moving? Age-Related Changes in Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Sleep Behaviors by Weekday/Weekend Following Pandemic Control Policies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010286. [PMID: 35010546 PMCID: PMC8751153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined pre-pandemic (2017-early March 2020) to early-pandemic (Spring 2020) changes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), and sedentary behavior/sleep (SS), by weekday/weekend, and age (preschool, elementary, middle school). We re-enrolled children from two pre-pandemic obesity prevention trials and examined differences in accelerometer-measured PA from pre-pandemic to early-pandemic across age groups using linear mixed models. Children (n = 75) were 51% multiple race/ethnicities, 29% preschool, 28% elementary, 43% middle school, 65% suburban, 21% rural, and 13% urban. Pre-pandemic to early-pandemic changes in weekday MVPA (p = 0.006), LPA (p = 0.018), and SS (p = 0.003) differed by age. On weekdays, middle schoolers' MVPA decreased 15.36 min/day (p = 0.002) and SS increased 94.36 min/day (p < 0.001) with non-significant changes among preschoolers and elementary schoolers. Compared to elementary schoolers, middle schoolers' changes in weekday MVPA (b = -16.34, p = 0.036) and SS (b = 63.28, p = 0.039) significantly differed. Declines in weekday MVPA and increases in SS among middle schoolers suggest that, compared with younger children, middle schoolers are dependent on school and recreational facilities for PA, and in their absence engage in more sedentary activities and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Pulling Kuhn
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (A.J.K.); (R.D.); (H.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Alysse J. Kowalski
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (A.J.K.); (R.D.); (H.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Rachel Deitch
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (A.J.K.); (R.D.); (H.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Helina Selam
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (A.J.K.); (R.D.); (H.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Zahra Rahmaty
- Department of Biology and Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche en Soins, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, IUFRS Bureau 169—SV-A Secteur Vennes—Rte de la Corniche 10, CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Maureen M. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (A.J.K.); (R.D.); (H.S.); (M.M.B.)
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Erin R. Hager
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (A.J.K.); (R.D.); (H.S.); (M.M.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(410)-706-0213
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Association between Physical Literacy and Self-Perceived Fitness Level in Children and Adolescents. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121358. [PMID: 34943273 PMCID: PMC8698919 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Alarming data on physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles in children and young people are increasing. The level of physical fitness is considered a predictor of morbidity and comorbidities resulting from physical inactivity. Physical literacy, which includes the assessment of physical fitness, could be considered a crucial element for understanding adolescents’ health status and physical activity-related behaviours. Moreover, the self-perceived physical fitness should also be considered. Thus, this study analysed the relationship between physical literacy and self-perceived physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 8–12 years. It could be concluded that a higher level of self-perceived physical fitness would be associated with a greater level of physical literacy. Abstract Background: Physical fitness is considered a predictor of mortality and comorbidities resulting from physical inactivity in children and adolescents. Physical literacy provides a robust and comprehensive assessment of physical fitness. Thus, it is considered a crucial element for understanding children and adolescents’ health status and their physical activity-related behaviours. Moreover, the self-perceived fitness should also be considered. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the relationship between physical literacy and self-perceived physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 8–12 years. Methods: A single-measure cross-sectional study was conducted with 135 children and adolescents. Anthropometric measurements and the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy Development (CAPL-2) were applied. Descriptive statistics and correlations were calculated. The Fitness Perception Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A) scale was also administered to assess participants’ self-perceived fitness. Results: Moderate significant correlations were found between “physical competence”, “motivation and confidence”, and the total CAPL-2 score with FP VAS A. Conclusions: The influence of motivation on self-perceived fitness has been demonstrated. Moreover, cardiorespiratory fitness could be considered one of the most relevant and influential factors in the total CAPL-2 score. It means that higher levels of self-perceived fitness would be associated with greater levels of physical literacy.
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Robatsch J, Voitl P, Diesner-Treiber SC. A cross-sectional, exploratory survey on health-relevant free-time activities and body mass index in preschool children in urban and rural settings of Austria. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:495. [PMID: 34742276 PMCID: PMC8571826 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of obesity is among the most relevant healthcare issues in Europe. The number of overweight people rises due to lifestyle changes, increased sitting activities, and less physical activity. Prevention in early childhood is paramount to stop this alarming trend. AIM This study primarily aimed to evaluate the average time children (3-5 years) from rural and urban Austrian regions spent engaging in physical activity and sedentary behaviors in their free-time. Additionally, we investigated the potential correlation between duration and habits of free-time activity or place of residence and age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI). The potential impact of socio-economic factors on BMI was examined. METHODS Urban (Vienna) and rural (Carinthia) regions of Austria were chosen for this observational cross-sectional study. Preschool children (n=130) attending nurseries in these regions were included. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Free-time activity and socio-economic data were asked using a self-administered questionnaire. Data on sedentary behavior time (sedentary activity and media consumption) and physical activity time (defined as organized or spontaneous exercise) were analyzed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS Preschool children spent approximately as many hours of their free-time engaged in physical activity as in sedentary behaviors. Time trend in media consumption amounts to one-third of the cumulative time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors. Preschoolers from the urban area spent fewer hours practicing organized exercise and more in sedentary behaviors than peers in the rural area. In the selected areas, 7 % of preschoolers were overweight, 3.9 % were obese. BMI was not associated with free-time activities but showed a trendwise negative correlation with organized exercise. A positive correlation of age and organized exercise was observed but not with physical activity per se. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the necessity of preventive interventions among Austrian preschoolers and lead to a better understanding of their free-time activities. Further investigations with larger study populations are needed to promote effective childhood obesity prevention and examine the differences regarding obesity prevalence and leisure-time activity between rural and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Robatsch
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Donau-City Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - P. Voitl
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Donau-City Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Donau-City Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
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Kolb S, Burchartz A, Oriwol D, Schmidt SCE, Woll A, Niessner C. Indicators to Assess Physical Health of Children and Adolescents in Activity Research-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010711. [PMID: 34682457 PMCID: PMC8535832 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sufficient physical activity can help promote and maintain health, while its lack can jeopardize it. Since health and physical activity lay their foundation for later life in childhood and adolescence, it is important to examine this relationship from the beginning. Therefore, this scoping review aims to provide an overview of physical health indicators in children and adolescents in research on the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior. We identified the indicators used to quantify or assess physical health and summarized the methods used to measure these indicators. We systematically searched Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases for systematic reviews. The search yielded 4595 records from which 32 records were included in the review. The measurements for physical health reported in the reviews contained measures of body composition, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, harm/injury, or bone health. Body composition was the most used indicator to assess and evaluate physical health in children, whereas information on harm and injury was barely available. In future research longitudinal studies are mandatory to focus on the prospective relationships between physical activity or sedentary behavior, and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kolb
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (A.B.); (S.C.E.S.); (A.W.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (A.B.); (S.C.E.S.); (A.W.); (C.N.)
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Institute of Movement and Sport, University of Education Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Steffen C. E. Schmidt
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (A.B.); (S.C.E.S.); (A.W.); (C.N.)
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (A.B.); (S.C.E.S.); (A.W.); (C.N.)
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (A.B.); (S.C.E.S.); (A.W.); (C.N.)
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Lochbaum M, Kenyon J, Kim Y. Physical Activity Levels of 1053 Omani 4th Grade Children: The Importance of Gender and Sport Team Participation in Achieving 60 Minutes of Daily Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168504. [PMID: 34444253 PMCID: PMC8392377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sufficient daily physical activity is associated with many positive mental, physical, and societal benefits in children. Unfortunately, most children worldwide do not achieve recommended levels of daily physical activity (PA), and a majority of evidence is from Western countries and based on subjective measures. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of objectively measured PA levels among Omani children in 2017 (pre-pandemic). A two-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit the 4th grade children across five regions of Oman. A final analytic sample included 1053 children (504 boys, 549 girls) with a mean age of 9.21 years old. PA was objectively measured using a wrist-worn Polar Active Watch during three consecutive school days. Screen-based sedentary behaviors and other PA-related behaviors were subjectively measured. On average, boys were less sedentary and more active, with a greater likelihood of meeting current recommendations when compared with girls. The self-reported time spent in screen-based sedentary behaviors was relatively low for both boys and girls and was not associated with PA; however, sports team participation was associated with a greater likelihood of meeting the current recommendation. The present study provides empirical data on objectively measured PA in Omani children. The gender disparities concerning daily PA, including sports team participation, should receive further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lochbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonathan Kenyon
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (J.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (J.K.); (Y.K.)
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Nally S, Carlin A, Blackburn NE, Baird JS, Salmon J, Murphy MH, Gallagher AM. The Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions on Obesity-Related Behaviours in Primary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:489. [PMID: 34201145 PMCID: PMC8228296 DOI: 10.3390/children8060489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
School-based interventions are promising for targeting a change in obesity-related behaviours in children. However, the efficacy of school-based interventions to prevent obesity remains unclear. This review examined the effectiveness of school-based interventions at changing obesity-related behaviours (increased physical activity, decreased sedentary behaviour and improved nutrition behaviour) and/or a change in BMI/BMI z-score. Following PRISMA guidelines, seven databases were systematically searched from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020. Two review authors independently screened studies for eligibility, completed data extraction and assessed the risk of bias of each of the included studies. Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis. Thirty-eight studies were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. The findings demonstrate that interventions in children when compared to controls resulted in a small positive treatment effect in the control group (2.14; 95% CI = 0.77, 3.50). There was no significant effect on sedentary behaviour, energy intake and fruit and vegetable intake. Significant reductions were found between groups in BMI kg/m2 (-0.39; 95% CI = -0.47, -0.30) and BMI z-score (-0.05; 95% CI = -0.08, -0.02) in favour of the intervention. The findings have important implications for future intervention research in terms of the effectiveness of intervention components and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nally
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Jordanstown Campus, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.C.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Angela Carlin
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Jordanstown Campus, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.C.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Nicole E. Blackburn
- Centre for Health and Rehabilitation Technologies, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK;
| | - Judith S. Baird
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Coleraine Campus, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (J.S.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia;
| | - Marie H. Murphy
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Jordanstown Campus, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.C.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Alison M. Gallagher
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Coleraine Campus, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (J.S.B.); (A.M.G.)
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Huerta Ojeda Á, Barahona-Fuentes G, Galdames Maliqueo S. Effects of a period without mandatory physical training on maximum oxygen uptake and anthropometric parameters in naval cadets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251516. [PMID: 34077447 PMCID: PMC8171865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a period without physical training on the civilian population are well established. However, no studies show the effects of a period without mandatory physical training on maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and anthropometric parameters in naval cadets. This study aimed to investigate changes in VO2 max and anthropometric parameters after 12 weeks without mandatory physical training in naval cadets. The sample was 38 healthy and physically active naval cadets. The measured variables, including VO2 max and anthropometric parameters, were evaluated through the 12-minute race test (12MRT) and the somatotype. Both variables had a separation of 12 weeks without mandatory physical training. A t-test for related samples was used to evidence changes between the test and post-test; effect size was calculated through Cohen’s d-test. Distance in 12MRT and VO2 max showed significant decreases at the end of 12 weeks without mandatory physical training (p < 0.001). Likewise, the tricipital skinfold thickness and the endomorphic component showed significant increases (p < 0.05). 12 weeks without mandatory physical training significantly reduces the VO2 max in naval cadets. Simultaneously, the same period without physical training increases both the tricipital skinfold thickness and the endomorphic component in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Escuela de Educación Física, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Escuela de Educación Física, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sergio Galdames Maliqueo
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Escuela de Educación Física, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar, Chile
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Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Mozafarian N, Djalalinia S, Sheidaei A, Mansourian M, Hajizadeh N, Motlagh ME, Asayesh H, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Kelishadi R. Economic inequality in prevalence of underweight and short stature in children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 64:548-558. [PMID: 34033295 PMCID: PMC10118972 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the determinants of socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of short stature and underweight in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional nationwide study was conducted on 36,486 participants, aged 6-18 years. This school-based surveillance (CASPIAN- IV) program and its complementary part on weight disorders evaluation was conducted in urban and rural areas of 30 provinces in Iran. In addition to physical examination, a validated questionnaire was completed from students and their parents. Socio-economic status (SES) was determined using principal component analysis, and was classified in quintile scale. Inequality in the prevalence of underweight and short stature was assessed using concentration (C) index and slop index of inequality (SII) by the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method. Results The prevalence (95% CI) of underweight and short stature at national level was 10.89 (10.55, 11.23) and 4.15 (3.94, 4.38), respectively; it had a downtrend from the lowest to highest SES quintile. Furthermore, the value of C for underweight and short stature was negative, i.e. inequality was in favor of high SES groups. Moreover, the prevalence gap of underweight and short stature in the first and fifth quintiles of SES was 6.58% and 5.80%, respectively. The highest proportion of this gap was explained by living area. In the multiple logistic model, odds of underweight and short stature were significantly lower in individuals with higher SES. Compared to boys, odds of underweight were decreased in girls, whereas odds of short stature were increased in them. Odds of underweight and short stature were increased in participants from rural areas than in urban areas. With increasing age, the odds of underweight and short stature decreased significantly. Conclusion The results of this study showed that inequality in the prevalence of short stature and underweight was in favor of high SES groups. Moreover, living area was one of the most important determinants that explained this inequality. Therefore, this issue needs to be considered in health promotion policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran, .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Mozafarian
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hajizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
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An R, Liu J, Liu R. State laws governing school physical education in relation to attendance and physical activity among students in the USA: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:277-287. [PMID: 32961302 PMCID: PMC8167326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study systematically synthesized and quantified the relationship linking state laws governing school physical education (PE) to PE attendance and physical activity (PA) in class and throughout the day and week among students in the USA. METHODS A keyword search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Academic Search Complete, and EconLit. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the effects of state PE laws. RESULTS A total of 17 studies were included in the review, and five contributed to the meta-analyses. A total of 8 studies used nationally representative school- or student-level data, three focused on multiple states, and the remaining six examined the PE laws of a single state. The presence and strength of state PE laws were positively associated with PE attendance and the frequency and duration of PA during PE classes and throughout the school day. Compared to those residing in states with weak or no PE laws, students in states with strong PE laws had an additional 0.2 days (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.1-0.4) of PE attendance per week and spent an additional 33.9 min (95%CI: 22.7-45.0) participating PE classes per week. State PE laws affected girls' PA more than boys'. Different aspects of state PE laws tended to affect students' PE attendance differently. Disparities in the implementation of state PE laws existed across schools. CONCLUSION Future studies should adopt objective measures on PE and PA participation and examine the roles schools and districts play in mediating the effect of state PE laws on students' PE attendance and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ruidong Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Schnurr TM, Stallknecht BM, Sørensen TIA, Kilpeläinen TO, Hansen T. Evidence for shared genetics between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity-related traits. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13182. [PMID: 33354910 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Observational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showed that physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with adiposity-related traits, apparently in a bidirectional manner. Physical activity is also suggested to suppress the genetic risk of adiposity. Since phenotypic associations with genetic variants are not subject to reverse causation or confounding, they may be used as tools to shed light on cause and effect in this complex interdependency. We review the evidence for shared genetics of physical activity and adiposity-related traits and for gene-by-physical activity interactions on adiposity-related traits in human studies. We outline limitations, challenges and opportunities in studying and understanding of these relationships. In summary, physical activity and sedentary behaviour are genetically correlated with body mass index and fat percentage but may not be correlated with lean body mass. Mendelian randomisation analyses show that physical activity and sedentary behaviour have bidirectional relationships with adiposity. Several studies suggest that physical activity suppresses genetic risk of adiposity. No studies have yet tested whether adiposity enhances genetic predisposition to sedentariness. The complexity of the comprehensive causal model makes the assessment of the single or combined components challenging. Substantial progress in this field may need long-term intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente M Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nguyen T, Sokal-Gutierrez K, Lahiff M, Fernald L, Ivey SL. Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:301. [PMID: 33546643 PMCID: PMC7866641 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over recent decades, Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth, a nutrition transition from the traditional diet to highly-processed and calorie-dense foods and beverages, and an increasing prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity (ow/ob). The goal of this study is to describe the patterns of ow/ob in a longitudinal sample of Vietnamese children from ages 1 to 8, and the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with ow/ob at age 8. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis of a geographically-representative, longitudinal cohort of 1961 Vietnamese children from the Young Lives Cohort Study from 2002 to 2009. Thirty-one communities were selected with oversampling in rural communities, and children age 1 were recruited from each community using simple random sampling. Surveys of families and measurements of children were collected at child ages 1, 5, and 8. Our specified outcome measure was childhood ow/ob at age 8, defined by the World Health Organization’s thresholds for body-mass-index (BMI) for age Z-scores. Associations between early and concurrent socio-behavioral factors, childhood nutrition and physical activity variables were analyzed using STATA 15. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were completed utilizing logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of ow/ob increased from 1.1% in both sexes at age 1 to 7% in females and 13% in males at age 8. Bivariate analyses show greater likelihood of ow/ob at age 8 was significantly associated with early life sociodemographic factors (at age 1), male sex (OR = 2.2, 1.6–3.1), higher wealth (OR = 1.1–1.4), and urban residence (OR = 4.3, 3–6). In adjusted analyses, ow/ob at age 8 was associated with early nutrition practices at age 5, including frequent consumption of powdered milk (OR = 2.8, 1.6–4.6), honey/sugar (OR = 2.7, 1.8–4.1), prepared restaurant/fast foods (OR = 4.6, 2.6–8.2), and packaged sweets (OR = 3.4, 2.3–4.9). In addition, breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was protective against obesity at age 8 (OR = 0.3, 0.1–0.9). Conclusions We found that increased consumption of powdered milk, honey/sugar, packaged sweets, and prepared restaurants/fast foods are associated with childhood ow/ob. In contrast, breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was protective against childhood ow/ob. These findings suggest that public health programs and campaigns aimed to prevent childhood ow/ob in Vietnam should target early feeding practices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10292-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Nguyen
- School of Public Health and School of Medicine, UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Karen Sokal-Gutierrez
- School of Public Health, UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, University of California, 570 University Hall, MC 1190, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Lahiff
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, 6132 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lia Fernald
- School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Ivey
- School of Public Health, UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, University of California, 2199 Addison St, 4th floor, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Nigg CR, Wunsch K, Nigg C, Niessner C, Jekauc D, Schmidt SCE, Woll A. Are Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Mental Health Related During Childhood, Preadolescence, and Adolescence? 11-Year Results From the German Motorik-Modul Longitudinal Study. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:220-229. [PMID: 33524119 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health (MH) and behavioral health are fundamental to a good quality of life. Only a few studies have investigated the association between behavioral health (e.g., physical activity (PA), screen time (ST)) and MH from childhood to adolescence. Therefore, we investigated the relationships of PA and ST with MH by sex in an 11-year longitudinal cohort study of German schoolchildren during 2003-2017. A subsample (n = 686; 55.2% female) of participants from the German Motorik-Modul (MoMo) Longitudinal Study who participated in all 3 measurement phases (mean ages: time 1 (baseline; 2003-2006), 5.57 (standard deviation (SD), 1.00) years; time 2 (wave 1; 2009-2012), 11.85 (SD, 1.03) years; time 3 (wave 2; 2014-2017), 16.86 (SD, 1.04) years) were analyzed with regard to PA, ST, and MH (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behavior, and overall strengths and difficulties). Path panel prediction models were fitted with time 1, time 2, and time 3 PA, ST, and MH indicators. PA predicted less television (TV)/video watching in females, and TV/video watching predicted personal computer (PC)/Internet use in both sexes. Behavior and MH results suggested that, for females, higher TV/video watching and PC/Internet use was related to higher MH challenges over the course of maturation. Some preadolescent males' MH challenges increased ST (TV/video watching and PC/Internet use) in adolescence. Researchers should explore innovative and effective methods for reducing childhood ST, especially among females with early signs of MH issues, and addressing preadolescent males' MH challenges.
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Parent N, Guhn M, Brussoni M, Almas A, Oberle E. Social determinants of playing outdoors in the neighbourhood: family characteristics, trust in neighbours and daily outdoor play in early childhood. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2021; 112:120-127. [PMID: 32757122 PMCID: PMC7851233 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate socio-demographic and contextual factors in relation to the frequency of outdoor play in the neighbourhood in early childhood, drawing from a large sample of children in British Columbia, Canada. METHODS Parents/caregivers of 2280 4- to 5-year-old children completed the Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (CHEQ) in 2018. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict the likelihood of children participating in everyday outdoor play in their neighbourhood based on the child's gender, family ethnicity (i.e., European origin vs. other), household income (i.e., less vs. equal/more than CDN$75,000), population centre (i.e., urban vs. rural) and parent's trust in neighbours (i.e., trusting vs. not trusting neighbours to look out for children). RESULTS Thirty-five percent of children in this study met recommendations of playing outdoors every day. Children whose parents perceived strong trust in neighbours were twice as likely to play outdoors in their neighbourhood every day, when compared with those whose parents perceived low trust in neighbours. Additionally, children from families with higher incomes (equal/more than $75,000) were significantly more likely to play outdoors daily than those with lower incomes, but only if they resided in rural areas. Last, children with European family backgrounds were 64% more likely to play outdoors every day compared with those with non-European backgrounds. CONCLUSION Findings from this study contribute to an emerging body of work examining socio-economic, demographic and contextual factors associated with children meeting the recommendations for everyday outdoor play in their neighbourhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Parent
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, 2125 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Martin Guhn
- School of Population and Public Health, The Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, F511 - 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, F511 - 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
- BC Injury Research & Prevention Unit, F511 - 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Alisa Almas
- School of Population and Public Health, The Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- School of Population and Public Health, The Human Early Learning Partnership, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Bejarano CM, Carlson JA, Conway TL, Saelens BE, Glanz K, Couch SC, Cain KL, Sallis JF. Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Diet as Mediators of the Association Between TV Time and BMI in Youth. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:613-623. [PMID: 33423502 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120984943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined dietary indicators, sedentary time, and physical activity as potential mediators of the association between TV time and BMIz in youth. DESIGN Cross-sectional study in 2 independent samples of youth. SETTING Data collection occurred by mail and telephone for adolescents and either at home or in medical settings for children. SAMPLE 928 youth ages 12-16 and 756 youth ages 6-12 and a parent. MEASURES TV time, snacking/eating while watching TV, and a 3-day dietary recall were assessed via child/parent report. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed by accelerometer wear. ANALYSIS Direct and indirect associations (through 8 diet and activity variables) of TV time with BMIz were tested in boys and girls in each sample. RESULTS TV time had a positive association with BMIz in 6-12 year old boys and girls. Direct associations emerged between TV time and the diet/activity variables, and between diet/activity variables and BMIz. Snacking/eating while watching TV had a significant positive association with BMIz in younger boys and mediated the association between TV time and BMIz (β = .06, p = .019; 25% attenuation). CONCLUSIONS Snacking/eating while watching TV may be a possible reason TV time is consistently associated with obesity in youth. Targeting reductions in TV time and associated snacking could improve health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Bejarano
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, 4202University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, 4204Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jordan A Carlson
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, 4204Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Terry L Conway
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, 8784University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & 7274Seattle Children's Research Institute', Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen Glanz
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah C Couch
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 212546University of Cincinnati, College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, 8784University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, 8784University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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Lu Y, Li Y, Zhou T, Sang M, Li L, Fang C, Hu W, Quan M. The Association of Different Sedentary Patterns and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Pre-schoolers. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:796417. [PMID: 35047464 PMCID: PMC8763387 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.796417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The results of sedentary time (ST) and health-related physical fitness (HPF) are not completely consistent and the studies concentrated on pre-schoolers are very limited. Methods: We measured ST and ST patterns (ST Bouts time, ST Breaks times) by accelerometer. The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was calculated by five indexes: height-weight standard score, 20 m shuttle-run test, grip strength, standing long jump and 2 × 10 m shuttle-run test. Results: We included 375 pre-schoolers (211 boys, 164 girls) in the final analysis. The total ST and ST Bouts times negatively correlated with HPFT in pre-schoolers. HPFT reduced by 1.69 and 0.70 points per 10 min increased in total ST and ST Bouts times, respectively. HPFT of the highest quartile group reduced by 9.85 points in total ST, and 10.54 points in ST Bouts time compared with the lowest quartile group. However, the HPFT increased by 0.09 points per 10 times increased in ST Breaks times; the HPFT increased by 16.21 and 15.59 points when moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) replaced total ST and ST Bouts time. Conclusions: HPF negatively correlated with the Total ST and ST Bouts times, but positively correlated with ST Breaks times; and HPF significantly improved when MVPA replaced ST in pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Sports Department, Zhengzhou Business University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tang Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghao Sang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Longkai Li
- Dianfeng Fit Research Institute of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyi Fang
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe, China
| | - Minghui Quan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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44
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Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Assessed by Accelerometer with Body Composition among Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The possible adverse health effects of reduced physical activity (PA) on children and adolescents have been extensively documented as a result of the global obesity epidemic. However, the research has sometimes led to controversial results, due to the different methods used for the assessment of PA. The main aim of this review was to evaluate the association between PA and body composition parameters based on quantitative PA studies using the same equipment (Actigraph accelerometer) and cutoffs (Evenson’s). A literature review was undertaken using PUBMED and Scopus databases. Subjects aged 6–15 were considered separately by sex. Weighted multiple regression analyses were conducted. From the analysis of fourteen selected articles, it emerged that 35.7% did not evaluate the association of sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with body composition, while the remaining 64.3% found a negative association of MVPA with BMI and fat mass with different trends according to sex. Furthermore, only 7.1% of these studies identified a positive association between ST and fat percentage. Based on the regression analyses conducted on the literature data, ST and MVPA were found to be significant predictors of body composition parameters, in addition to age and sex. Further studies using standardized methodologies to assess PA and body composition are needed. The inclusion of sex-disaggregated data may also be crucial to understand this phenomenon and to provide stronger evidence of the determinants of body composition in order to prevent the risk of obesity.
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Smith KE, Haedt-Matt A, Mason TB, Wang S, Yang CH, Unick JL, Bond D, Goldschmidt AB. Associations between naturalistically assessed physical activity patterns, affect, and eating in youth with overweight and obesity. J Behav Med 2020; 43:916-931. [PMID: 32303944 PMCID: PMC7937335 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity (PA) and excessive stationary behavior (SB) are contributors to pediatric obesity, though antecedents and consequences of these behaviors in this population are relatively unknown. This pilot study examined affect, loss of control eating (LOCE), overeating, and hunger surrounding PA and SB in 17 youth with overweight/obesity. Participants completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) wearing accelerometers. At the momentary level, higher negative affect and lower positive affect predicted SB increases and PA decreases following EMA prompts; higher PA and lower SB also predicted increases in positive affect. Higher LOCE predicted SB increases and PA decreases, while increases in PA and decreases in SB predicted short-term increases in LOCE and overeating. At the individual level, higher SB and lower PA were related to lower positive affect and higher negative affect, LOCE, overeating, and hunger. Findings suggest affect is a relevant antecedent and consequence of PA/SB, and dysregulated eating may acutely impact PA/SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St #2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Alissa Haedt-Matt
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shirlene Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Exercise Science and TecHealth, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jessica L Unick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dale Bond
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrea B Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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46
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Fu Y, Burns RD, Brusseau TA, Zhang P, Constantino N. Influence of meeting weekday and weekend step count recommendations on weight statusin children. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:808-814. [PMID: 33172341 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1847489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between meeting step count recommendations during the weekday and weekend and the weight status in school-aged children. A convenience sample of 855 fourth and fifth grade students (9.7 ± 1.0 years) was recruited from 4 elementary schools located in the Western United States. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using standard procedures and then stratified to weight status categories (healthy weight, overweight/obese) using age- and sex-specific percentiles. Step counts were monitored for seven consecutive days using NL-1000 piezoelectric pedometers. A multilevel generalized linear mixed effect model was used to estimate the odds ratios of meeting segmented step counts recommendations and weight status. Students meeting weekday step count recommendations associated with 39% lower odds of overweight/obesity compared to those not meeting any recommendations (P = 0.02). Those meeting both weekday and weekend recommendations associated with 67% lower odds of overweight/obesity compared to children not meeting any recommendations (P = 0.01). Meeting weekend step count recommendations did not associate with weight status. This study supports the positive relationship between segmented step counts and the healthy weight status of school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Fu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy A Brusseau
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Exercise Science, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Nora Constantino
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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47
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Mason TB, Smith KE, Belcher BR, Dunton GF, Luo S. New Insights Into Causal Pathways Between the Pediatric Age-Related Physical Activity Decline and Loss of Control Eating: A Narrative Review and Proposed Conceptual Model. Front Psychol 2020; 11:578690. [PMID: 33154731 PMCID: PMC7591585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research consistently suggests that loss of control (LOC) eating in children and adolescents is a key factor contributing to pediatric obesity and eating disorders. However, causes of pediatric LOC eating are yet unclear, and there is a lack of longitudinal research investigating the developmental processes contributing to LOC eating and related outcomes in youth. Physical activity is an understudied behavior that declines during middle childhood to adolescence and may exert an influence in the development of LOC eating via its impact on executive functioning. While physical activity levels and executive functioning have been linked to regulation of eating, no research has examined the mechanistic processes by which these domains may together impact LOC eating during childhood and adolescence. In the current narrative review, a model is proposed that suggests how physical activity and executive functioning influence LOC eating and related outcomes during childhood and adolescence. This model has the potential to influence future theoretical models of pediatric LOC eating and guide future prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Britni R. Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Sousa‐Sá E, Zhang Z, Pereira JR, Wright IM, Okely AD, Santos R. Systematic review on retinal microvasculature, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity in children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1956-1973. [PMID: 31998981 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM As retinal microvasculature (RMV) can be assessed non-invasively, it presents an opportunity to examine the health and disease of the human microcirculation, as RMV alterations have been recognised as one of the earliest signs of cardiovascular risk. This review summarises current literature on the associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and/or adiposity and RMV in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. METHODS Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO and CINAHL), through to December 11, 2019. English, Portuguese, French, Spanish or Dutch were the languages searched. Meta-analyses were performed using the meta-analyst software. RESULTS A total of 6796 studies were screened, and 26 studies were included, representing 24 448 participants, from 12 different countries. Studies reporting results on weight status were twenty-three, PA was assessed in six studies, and SB was assessed in three studies. Four studies examined weight status and PA/SB. Meta-analysis was performed for two studies and showed that children with obesity have smaller retinal arterioles (-2.38 µm difference, 95% CI 0.62, 4.15 µm) and larger retinal venules (2.74 µm difference, 95% CI -4.78, -0.72 µm) than children without obesity. CONCLUSION Results showed that adiposity was associated with microvascular alterations in children and adolescents. Increased adiposity, lack of PA and high levels of SB were negatively correlated with vessel width parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Sousa‐Sá
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - João R. Pereira
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Ian M. Wright
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure University of Porto Porto Portugal
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Zhang T, Lu G, Wu XY. Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and self-rated health among the general population of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1343. [PMID: 32883275 PMCID: PMC7650260 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-rated health (SRH) is an indicator that captures a person’s perception of their overall health status. The relationship between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and SRH has been investigated in systematic reviews among adult and elderly populations. No systematic review to date has synthesized the relationship between PA, SB and SRH among children and adolescents. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the associations between PA, SB and SRH in the general population of children and adolescents and to investigate the dose-response relationship between PA, SB and SRH. Methods We conducted a computer search for English language studies in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCINFO that were published between 1946 and 2019. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the references of the identified publications for additional studies. A meta-analysis was employed to synthesize the associations between PA, SB respectively and SRH. The dose-response association was tested using a random effects meta-regression model. The review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Sixty-eight published articles were included in the final review, including 59 cross-sectional and nine longitudinal studies. We found evidence that PA was associated with better SRH, and SB was associated with lower SRH among children and adolescents. A dose-response relationship between PA and SRH was observed, where a higher level of PA was associated with better SRH than a lower level of PA. The relationship between PA, SB and SRH was observed in both boys and girls, and did not show a significant gender difference. Conclusions The findings in the systematic review suggest that health intervention programmes targeting promoting PA and reducing SB among children and adolescents may enhance their overall health status. Future research is needed to expand prospective cohort and intervention studies to address directionality and causality in the relationships between PA, SB and SRH among children and youth. Trial registration PROSPERO - CRD42019142244. Registered on October 18, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu Yun Wu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in Chinese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2020; 186:71-77. [PMID: 32784098 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize evidence on accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) levels of Chinese children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This is both a systematic review and meta-analysis study. METHODS Online databases were searched for studies published from January 2009 up to February 2019. These studies reported accelerometer-measured daily minutes of MVPA and/or SB among Chinese children and adolescents. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to separately pool the time spent in MVPA and SB. RESULTS Of 4754 records, 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 96 to 2163. The meta-analysis showed that Chinese children and adolescents spent 41.11 min/day in MVPA and 529.83 min/day in SB averagely. Boys spent more time in MVPA compared with girls (P = 0.01). Children accumulated more MVPA time than adolescents (P = 0.05), and children spent less time in SB than adolescents (P = 0.05). Unlike weekdays, SB was lower on weekends (P = 0.02). There were significant differences in children and adolescents' MVPA time in regions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS MVPA level in Chinese children and adolescents is well below international recommendations, and their SB level is very high.
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