1
|
Agrawal A, Varshney R, Gattani A, Kirthika P, Gupta R, Kumar D, Singh RP, Singh P. SLAM (CD150) receptor homologous peptides block the peste des petits ruminants virus entry into B95a cells. Proteins 2024; 92:356-369. [PMID: 37881117 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of peste des petits ruminant (PPR) virus with signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) host cell receptor consequences the virus entry and multiplication inside the host cell. The use of synthetic SLAM homologous peptides (i.e., molecular decoy for HN protein of PPR virus) may check PPR infection at the preliminary stage. Hence, the predicted SLAM homologous peptides using bioinformatics tools were synthesized by solid phase chemistry with standard Merrifield's 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry and were purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The secondary structures of synthesized peptides were elucidated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The in vitro interactions of these peptides were studied through indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and visual surface plasmon UV-visible spectroscopy. The SLAM homologous peptides were able to interact with the peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) with varying binding efficiency. The interaction of SLAM homologous peptide with the PPR virus was ascertained by the change in the plasmon color from red wine to purple during visual detection and also by bathochromic shift in absorbance spectra under UV-visible spectrophotometry. The cytotoxic and anti-PPRV effect of these peptides were also evaluated in B95a cell line using PPR virus (Sungri/96). The cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50 ) value of each peptide was greater than 1000 μg mL-1 . The anti-PPRV efficiency of SLAM-22 was relatively high among SLAM homologous peptides, SLAM-22 at 25 μg mL-1 concentration showed a reduction of more than log10 3 virus titer by priming of B95a cell line while the use of SLAM-15 and Muco-17 at the same concentration dropped virus titer from log10 4.8 to log10 2.5 and log10 3.1 respectively. The concentration of SLAM homologous peptide (25 μg mL-1 ) to exert its anti-PPRV effect was much less than its CC50 level (>1000 μg mL-1 ). Therefore, the synthetic SLAM homologous peptides may prove to be better agents to target PPRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Gattani
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Perumalraja Kirthika
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rohini Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Praveen Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Biophysics Section, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dai X, Zhang X, Ostrikov K, Abrahamyan L. Host receptors: the key to establishing cells with broad viral tropism for vaccine production. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:147-168. [PMID: 32202955 PMCID: PMC7113910 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1735992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture-based vaccine technology is a flexible and convenient approach for vaccine production that requires adaptation of the vaccine strains to the new cells. Driven by the motivation to develop a broadly permissive cell line for infection with a wide range of viruses, we identified a set of the most relevant host receptors involved in viral attachment and entry. This identification was done through a review of different viral entry pathways and host cell lines, and in the context of the Baltimore classification of viruses. In addition, we indicated the potential technical problems and proposed some solutions regarding how to modify the host cell genome in order to meet industrial requirements for mass production of antiviral vaccines. Our work contributes to a finer understanding of the importance of breaking the host–virus recognition specificities for the possibility of creating a cell line feasible for the production of vaccines against a broad spectrum of viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Levon Abrahamyan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naaman H, Rabinski T, Yizhak A, Mizrahi S, Avni YS, Taube R, Rager B, Weinstein Y, Rall G, Gopas J, Ofir R. Measles Virus Persistent Infection of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2019; 20:17-26. [PMID: 29412740 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we found that the measles virus (MV) can infect human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Wild-type MV strains generally use human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) as a cellular receptor, while vaccine strains such as the Edmonston strain can use both CD150 and CD46 as receptors. It is not yet known how early in the embryonal differentiation stages these receptors are expressed. We established two hiPSCs (BGU-iPSCs and EMF-iPSCs) which express CD46 and CD150. Both cell types can be infected by MV to form persistent, noncytopathic cell lines that release infectious MV particles. Following MV persistent infection, BGU-iPSCs and EMF-iPSCs remain pluripotent and can differentiate in vitro into the three germ layers. This includes cells expressing the neuronal differentiation markers: NF68 and miRNA-124. Since the MV does not integrate into the cell's genome, it can be utilized as a vehicle to systematically introduce genes into iPSC, to dissect and to define factors regulating lineage differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Naaman
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tatiana Rabinski
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel .,2 Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Avi Yizhak
- 3 Department of Surgery A, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Solly Mizrahi
- 3 Department of Surgery A, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonat Shemer Avni
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel .,4 Department of Clinical Virology, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Taube
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Bracha Rager
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yacov Weinstein
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Glenn Rall
- 5 Fox Chase Cancer Center , Blood Cell Development and Function, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob Gopas
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel .,6 Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rivka Ofir
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel .,2 Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reiss CS. Innate Immunity in Viral Encephalitis. NEUROTROPIC VIRAL INFECTIONS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33189-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Shoshkes Reiss
- Departments of Biology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ishida H, Ayata M, Shingai M, Matsunaga I, Seto Y, Katayama Y, Iritani N, Seya T, Yanagi Y, Matsuoka O, Yamano T, Ogura H. Infection of Different Cell Lines of Neural Origin with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Virus. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:277-87. [PMID: 15107538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Measles virus is the causative agent of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The viruses isolated from brain cells of patients with SSPE (called SSPE viruses) are defective in cell-free virus production in vitro. To investigate the cell tropism of three strains of SSPE virus (Osaka-1, Osaka-2, Osaka-3), SSPE virus-infected cell cultures were treated with cytochalasin D to prepare virus-like particles (CD-VLPs). All CD-VLPs formed syncytia after infection in CHO cells expressing CD150 but not in those expressing CD46. In addition, an antibody to CD46 did not block the infection of Vero cells by SSPE CDVLPs. The results were consistent with our previous suggestion that one or more unidentified receptors might be involved in the entry process. Infection with the CD-VLPs from three SSPE strains was further examined in different human cell lines, including those of neural origin, and was found to induce syncytia in epithelial cells (HeLa and 293T) as well as neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32 and SK-N-SH) with varying efficiency. SSPE CD-VLPs also infected glioblastoma cells (A172) and astrocytoma cells (U-251) but syncytial formation was rarely induced. These epithelial and neural cell lines were not permissive for the replication of wild-type MV. Together with our previous observations, these results suggest that the cell entry receptor is the major factor determining the cell tropism of SSPE viruses. Further studies are necessary to identify other viral and/or cellular factors that might be involved in the replication of SSPE virus in specific neural cells and in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishida
- Department of Virology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schneider-Schaulies S, Schneider-Schaulies J. Measles virus-induced immunosuppression. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008; 330:243-69. [PMID: 19203113 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70617-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression is the major cause of infant death associated with acute measles and therefore of substantial clinical importance. Major hallmarks of this generalized modulation of immune functions are (1) lymphopenia, (2) a prolonged cytokine imbalance consistent with suppression of cellular immunity to secondary infections, and (3) silencing of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which cannot expand in response to ex vivo stimulation. Lymphopenia results from depletion, which can occur basically at any stage of lymphocyte development, and evidently, expression of the major MV receptor CD150 plays an important role in targeting these cells. Virus transfer to T cells is thought to be mediated by dendritic cells (DCs), which are considered central to the induction of T cell silencing and functional skewing. As a consequence of MV interaction, viability and functional differentiation of DCs and thereby their expression pattern of co-stimulatory molecules and soluble mediators are modulated. Moreover, MV proteins expressed by these cells actively silence T cells by interfering with signaling pathways essential for T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
|
9
|
|
10
|
Yilmaz V, Demirbilek V, Gürses C, Yentür SP, Uysal S, Yapici Z, Yilmaz G, Muncey A, Cokar O, Onal E, Gökyiğit A, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. Interleukin (IL)-12, IL-2, interferon-gamma gene polymorphisms in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients. J Neurovirol 2008; 13:410-5. [PMID: 17994425 DOI: 10.1080/13550280701455383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutated measles virus variants have been claimed as the causing agent for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) developing several years after the recovery from measles infection. However, immune dysfunction may be considered related to a genetic susceptibility to this rare disease. Interleukin (IL)-2 -330 (rs2069 762) and +160 (rs2069 763), IL-12 p40 3' UTR (rs3213113), and interferon (IFN)-gamma +874 (rs2430561) polymorphisms are screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR-sequence-specific priming (SSP) methods in 87 SSPE patients and 106 healthy controls (HCs) as candidate genes of susceptibility. The distribution of the IL12B genotypes (rs3213113) showed a trend for a significant difference (P = .053). The frequency of IL12B C allele (P = .04, OR: 1.6) and CC genotype (P = .03, OR: 3.2) were both higher in SSPE patients than in HC. The IL2 -330 genotypes revealed lower frequencies of GG genotype (P = .03, OR: 0.4) as well as G allele (P = .02, OR: 0.6) in SSPE. IL2 -330+160 TG haplotype was more frequent in patients (P = .005, OR: 1.8), whereas GG haplotype was less frequent, compared to controls (P = .02, OR: 0.6). IFNG +874 polymorphism revealed no difference. These findings implicate possible effects of genetic polymorphisms in the susceptibility to SSPE, which need to be confirmed in other populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vuslat Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chapter 4 Receptor Interactions, Tropism, and Mechanisms Involved in Morbillivirus‐Induced Immunomodulation. Adv Virus Res 2008; 71:173-205. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
12
|
Guo Y, Korteweg C, McNutt MA, Gu J. Pathogenetic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Virus Res 2007; 133:4-12. [PMID: 17825937 PMCID: PMC7114157 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an acute respiratory disease with significant morbidity and mortality. While its clinical manifestations have been extensively studied, its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. A limited number of autopsy studies have revealed that the lungs and the immune system are the organs that sustain the most severe damage. Other organs affected include the kidneys, brain, digestive tract, heart, liver, thyroid gland and urogenital tract. The primary target cells are pneumocytes and enterocytes, both cell types abundantly expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 which is the main SARS-CoV receptor. Other cell types infected include the epithelial cells of renal tubules, cerebral neurons, and immune cells. The pathology of this disease results from both direct and indirect injury. Direct injury is caused by infection of the target cells by the virus. Indirect injury mainly results from immune responses, circulatory dysfunction, and hypoxia. In this review, we summarize the major pathological findings at the gross, cellular and molecular levels and discuss the various possible mechanisms that may contribute to the pathogenesis of SARS. The implications of the proposed pathogenesis for prevention, diagnosis and therapy of the disease are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiang Gu
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Infectious Disease Center, Peking (Beijing) University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, China. Tel.: +86 10 8280 1237; fax: +86 10 8280 1380.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pohl C, Duprex WP, Krohne G, Rima BK, Schneider-Schaulies S. Measles virus M and F proteins associate with detergent-resistant membrane fractions and promote formation of virus-like particles. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:1243-1250. [PMID: 17374768 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly and release of particles comprise a late step in virus-host cell interactions. Though it may share major biological properties with its orthologues in related viruses, trafficking and oligomerization of the matrix (M) protein of Measles virus (MV) and its relative contribution to assembly and budding of particles from particular host cells have not been addressed in more detail. Plasmid-driven expression of authentic and mutant M proteins revealed that the amino acid at position 89, an important adaptation determinant for growth of attenuated strains in Vero cells, influences the electrophoretic mobility but not the intracellular distribution of M proteins, nor their ability to oligomerize or migrate as a doublet band in SDS-PAGE. M proteins were found to co-float with detergent-resistant membrane fractions (DRM) and this was enhanced upon co-expression of the F protein. In contrast to their DRM association, the ability of M proteins to promote release of virus-like particles (VLPs) was not affected by the presence of F proteins, which on their own also efficiently promoted VLP production. Thus, DRM recruitment of MV F and M proteins and their ability to drive particle formation are not correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pohl
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - W Paul Duprex
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Georg Krohne
- Department for Electron Microscopy, University Wuerzburg, Biocenter, D-97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bertus K Rima
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Santibanez S, Niewiesk S, Heider A, Schneider-Schaulies J, Berbers GAM, Zimmermann A, Halenius A, Wolbert A, Deitemeier I, Tischer A, Hengel H. Probing neutralizing-antibody responses against emerging measles viruses (MVs): immune selection of MV by H protein-specific antibodies? J Gen Virol 2005; 86:365-374. [PMID: 15659756 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) infection and vaccination induce long-lasting immunity and neutralizing-antibody responses that are directed against the MV haemagglutinin (H) and the fusion (F) protein. A new MV genotype, D7, emerged recently in western Germany and rapidly replaced the long-term endemically circulating genotypes C2 and D6. Analysis of the H gene of C2, D6, D7 and vaccine viruses revealed uniform sequences for each genotype. Interestingly, a consistent exchange of seven distinct amino acids in the D7 H was observed when compared with residues shared between C2, D6 and vaccine viruses, and one exchange (D416→N) in the D7 H was associated with an additionalN-linked glycosylation. In contrast, the F gene is highly conserved between MVs of these genotypes. To test whether the D7 H protein escapes from antibody responses that were raised against earlier circulating or vaccine viruses, the neutralizing capacity of mAbs recognizing seven distinct domains on the H of an Edmonston-related MV was compared. The mAbs revealed a selective and complete loss of two neutralizing epitopes on the D7 H when compared with C2, D6 and vaccine viruses. To assess whether these alterations of the D7 H affect the neutralizing capacity of polyclonal B-cell responses, genotype-specific antisera were produced in cotton rats. However, no significant genotype-dependent difference was found. Likewise, human sera obtained from vaccinees (n=7) and convalescents (n=6) did not distinguish between the MV genotypes. Although the hypothesis of selection of D7 viruses by pre-existing neutralizing antibodies is compatible with the differing pattern of neutralizing epitopes on the H protein, it was not confirmed by the results of MV neutralization with polyclonal sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Santibanez
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alla Heider
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Guy A M Berbers
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Zimmermann
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Wolbert
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrid Deitemeier
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annedore Tischer
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu C, Qi Y, Zhang P, Liu X, Xu Q, Chen X. Is mRNA and protein level of CD46 altered in measles virus vaccine strain S191-infected cells? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:794-802. [PMID: 15336534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous research showed that the expression of measles virus receptor CD46 was downregulated after expression of measles virus hemagglutinin protein on the surface of the virus infected cell or triggered by infected cell-to-cell contact. We reported here that the mRNA level of CD46 in MV infected cells was not changed which was tested by real-time quantitative PCR. To further analyse the surface expression alteration of CD46 after MV infection, flow cytometric analysis and indirect immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein level of CD46. Altogether, our results provided a demonstration that the expression of CD46 was not downregulated by the infection of MV strain S191 both on mRNA level and cellular surface protein level. Previous results reported that the "downregulation" of CD46 expression on the cell surface may take place because H protein masks the antibody recognition site on CD46 which results in "downregulation" of the expression of CD46.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Virology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baker CA, Lu ZY, Manuelidis L. Early induction of interferon-responsive mRNAs in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neurovirol 2004; 10:29-40. [PMID: 14982726 PMCID: PMC4624297 DOI: 10.1080/13550280490261761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Foreign infectious agents typically evoke a host immune response. In scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), no immune response has been detectable. However, many latent or persistent viruses evade immune recognition but still activate inflammatory pathways. Unique microglial responses in late CJD infection that could be part of a host defense mechanism were previously delineated, although changes secondary to neurodegeneration could not be excluded. Data here show these microglial transcriptional changes are detectable in CJD brain beginning at 30 days after innoculation. In addition, 10 other interferon-sensitive genes were similarly upregulated at very early stages of infection. These responses occurred well before abnormal prion protein (PrP) and clinical signs of CJD were detectable. Further analyses in very pure microglia from CJD brain suggested the CJD agent activated signaling pathways distinct from those induced by amyloidogenic proteins (including abnormal PrP). Although increases in interferon-alpha or -beta transcript levels were not seen in cultures or in whole brain, CJD microglia exhibited a potentiated interferon response when challenged with double-stranded RNA. The induction of interferon-sensitive genes without appreciable interferon synthesis was strikingly similar to that seen in some viral infections. These data suggest the CJD agent is recognized as a foreign virus-like entity. Moreover, the early reactive gene expression profiles described here may be useful in preclinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Baker
- Section of Neuropathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu C, Zhang P, Liu X, Qi Y, Zou T, Xu Q. Characterization of a region involved in binding of measles virus H protein and its receptor SLAM (CD150). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 316:698-704. [PMID: 15033456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM; also known as CD150) is a newly identified cellular receptor for measles virus (MV). MV Hemagglutinin protein (H) mediates MV entry into host cells by specifically binding to SLAM. Amino acid 27-135 of SLAM was previously shown to be the functional domain to interact with H and used to screen a 10-mer phage display peptide library in this study. After four rounds of screening and sequence analysis, the deduced amino acid sequence of screened peptides SGFDPLITHA and SDWDPLFTHK showed to be highly homologous with amino acid 429-438 of MV H (SGFGPLITHG). Peptides SGFDPLITHA and SDWDPLFTHK specifically inhibited binding of H to SLAM and further inhibition of MV infection suggests that these peptides can be developed to MV blocking reagents and amino acid 429-438 in H protein is functionally involved in receptor binding and may constitute part of the receptor-binding determinants on H protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Hu
- Institute of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mattson MP. Infectious agents and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2004; 3:105-20. [PMID: 15163105 PMCID: PMC7172323 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Accepted: 08/06/2003] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
chlamdAs with other organ systems, the vulnerability of the nervous system to infectious agents increases with aging. Several different infectious agents can cause neurodegenerative conditions, with prominent examples being human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) dementia and prion disorders. Such infections of the central nervous system (CNS) typically have a relatively long incubation period and a chronic progressive course, and are therefore increasing in frequency as more people live longer. Infectious agents may enter the central nervous system in infected migratory macrophages, by transcytosis across blood-brain barrier cells or by intraneuronal transfer from peripheral nerves. Synapses and lipid rafts are important sites at which infectious agents may enter neurons and/or exert their cytotoxic effects. Recent findings suggest the possibility that infectious agents may increase the risk of common age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and stroke. While scenarios can be envisioned whereby viruses such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex and influenza promote damage to neurons during aging, there is no conclusive evidence for a major role of these pathogens in neurodegenerative disorders. In the case of stroke, blood vessels may be adversely affected by bacteria or viruses resulting in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dingli D, Peng KW, Harvey ME, Greipp PR, O'Connor MK, Cattaneo R, Morris JC, Russell SJ. Image-guided radiovirotherapy for multiple myeloma using a recombinant measles virus expressing the thyroidal sodium iodide symporter. Blood 2003; 103:1641-6. [PMID: 14604966 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Edmonston vaccine strain of measles virus (MV-Edm) propagates efficiently in a broad range of human tumor cells, killing them selectively. However, the oncolytic potency of MV-Edm in different human tumor xenograft therapy models is highly variable and there is no convenient way to map the distribution of virus-infected tissues in vivo. To enhance the oncolytic potency of MV-Edm against radiosensitive malignancies and to facilitate noninvasive imaging of infected tissues, we generated a recombinant MV-Edm encoding the human thyroidal iodide symporter (NIS). MV-NIS replicated almost as efficiently as unmodified MV-Edm, and human tumor cells efficiently concentrated radioiodine when infected with MV-NIS. Intratumoral spread of MV-NIS was noninvasively demonstrated by serial gamma-camera imaging of iodine-123 (123I) uptake both in MV-sensitive KAS-6/1 myeloma xenografts, which regressed completely after a single intravenous dose of MV-NIS, and in MM1 myeloma xenografts, which were unresponsive to MVNIS therapy. However, MV-resistant MM1 tumors regressed completely when 131I was administered 9 days after a single intravenous injection of MV-NIS (radiovirotherapy). 131I alone had no effect on MM1 tumor growth. While the potential hematopoietic toxicity of this new therapy requires further evaluation, image-guided radiovirotherapy is a promising new approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma, an incurable but highly radiosensitive plasma cell malignancy. Testing in other radiosensitive cancers is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Dingli
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Despite the extensive media exposure that viruses such as West Nile, Norwalk, and Ebola have received lately, and the emerging threat that old pathogens may reappear as new agents of terrorism, measles virus (MV) persists as one of the leading causes of death by infectious agents worldwide, approaching the annual mortality rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. For most MV victims, fatality is indirect: Virus-induced transient immunosuppression predisposes the individual to opportunistic infections that, left untreated, can result in mortality. In rare cases, MV may also cause progressive neurodegenerative disease. During the past five years (1998-2002), development of animal models and the application of reverse genetics and immunological assays have collectively contributed to major progress in our understanding of MV biology and pathogenesis. Nevertheless, questions and controversies remain that are the basis for future research. In this review, major advances and current debates are discussed, including MV receptor usage, the cellular basis of immunosuppression, the suspected role of MV in "nonviral" diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Paget's disease, and the controversy surrounding MV vaccine safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F Rall
- Division of Basic Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shingai M, Ayata M, Ishida H, Matsunaga I, Katayama Y, Seya T, Tatsuo H, Yanagi Y, Ogura H. Receptor use by vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes with glycoproteins of defective variants of measles virus isolated from brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:2133-2143. [PMID: 12867645 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccine or Vero cell-adapted strains of measles virus (MV) have been reported to use CD46 as a cell entry receptor, while lymphotropic MVs preferentially use the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150). In contrast to the virus obtained from patients with acute measles, little is known about the receptor that is used by defective variants of MV isolated from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The receptor-binding properties of SSPE strains of MV were analysed using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes expressing the envelope glycoproteins of SSPE strains of MV. Such pseudotype viruses could use SLAM but not CD46 for entry. The pseudotype viruses with SSPE envelope glycoproteins could enter Vero cells, which do not express SLAM. In addition, their entry was not blocked by the monoclonal antibody to CD46, pointing to another entry receptor for SSPE strains on Vero cells. Furthermore, the unknown receptor(s), distinct from SLAM and CD46, may be present on cell lines derived from lymphoid and neural cells. Biochemical characterization of the receptor present on Vero cells and SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells was consistent with a glycoprotein. Identification of additional entry receptors for MV will provide new insights into the mechanism of spread of MV in the central nervous system and possible reasons for differences between MVs isolated from patients with acute measles and SSPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Shingai
- Department of Virology, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Minoru Ayata
- Department of Virology, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Virology, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Isamu Matsunaga
- Department of Virology, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Katayama
- Department of Virology, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tatsuo
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ogura
- Department of Virology, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chesler DA, Reiss CS. The role of IFN-gamma in immune responses to viral infections of the central nervous system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2002; 13:441-54. [PMID: 12401479 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-gamma, is not only a marker of T(H)1 CD4, CD8 and natural killer (NK) cells, it is also a critical antiviral mediator which is central to the elimination of viruses from the CNS. In this review, we describe IFN-gamma, its receptor, signal transduction from receptor engagement, and antiviral downstream mediators. We demonstrate that although neurons are post-mitotic and non-renewing, they respond to IFN-gamma in a fashion similar to peripheral fibroblasts or lymphocytes. We have illustrated this review with details about studies on the role(s) of IFN-gamma in the pathogenesis of measles virus (MV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infections of the CNS. For VSV infection, IFN-gamma signals through Jaks 1 and 2 and STAT1 to activate (interferon regulatory factor) IRF-1; although viral protein synthesis is inhibited, PKR is not a critical mediator in the antiviral response to VSV in murine neurons. In contrast, induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) type 1 and its production of nitric oxide is essential in the elimination of viruses from neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Chesler
- Department of Biology, New York University, 1009 Main Building, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Santibanez S, Tischer A, Heider A, Siedler A, Hengel H. Rapid replacement of endemic measles virus genotypes. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2699-2708. [PMID: 12388805 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-11-2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vaccination campaigns have significantly reduced the number of measles cases worldwide, endemic transmission of measles virus (MV) continues to occur in several continents, including Europe. To obtain current information on measles incidence and molecular data on circulating MVs in Germany, a nationwide measles sentinel was established. Phylogenetic analysis based on the variable part of the N gene from 80 MVs isolated between November 1999 and October 2001 revealed the presence of at least six distinct MV genotypes: B3, C2, D4, D6, G2 and a new variant of D7. Both the incidence and the pattern of MV genotypes differed markedly between the former East and West Germany. In the eastern part, few measles cases, mainly caused by genotypes originating from other countries (B3, D4, G2), were detected. In the western and southern parts, genotypes C2, D6 and D7 were associated with endemic transmission. Surprisingly, the indigenous genotypes predominant during the 1990s - C2 and D6 - disappeared simultaneously over the period of observation coinciding with the emergence and the wide spread of D7 viruses. While the incidence of measles remained constant, all MVs isolated in 2001 were assigned to D7. We note that the haemagglutinin (H) sequence of D7 viruses shows distinct exchanges of certain amino acids in the stem and propeller domain compared to C2, D6 and the MV vaccine strains used. This raises the possibility of a selective advantage of D7 viruses transmitted in the presence of H-specific antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Santibanez
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany1
| | - Annedore Tischer
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany1
| | - Alla Heider
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany1
| | - Anette Siedler
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany1
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany1
| |
Collapse
|