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Sharifi S, Babaei Khorzoughi K, Rahmati M. The association between intergenerational relationships and depression among older adults: A comprehensive systematic literature review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105313. [PMID: 38101113 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine the relationship between intergenerational relationships and depression among older adults in Eastern Asian countries. METHODS For this research, a systematic search was conducted on several electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar search engine up until June 2023. RESULTS Out of 953 articles initially identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria. Emotional support and financial support emerged as crucial factors that can significantly reduce depressive symptoms among older individuals. However, there are diverse and sometimes contradictory results regarding the impact of intergenerational instrumental support on depression in older adults. CONCLUSION Promoting positive intergenerational relationships and enhancing support systems can greatly benefit the mental health of older adults by addressing depression within this population. This review enhances our understanding of the complex relationship between intergenerational relationships and depression among older adults. The diverse findings on intergenerational instrumental support and depression in older adults suggest the need for further research to clarify this relationship and its nuances. This research may have practical implications for policies and interventions aimed at improving the mental well-being of older adults in Eastern Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sharifi
- Department of geriatric and psychiatric nursing, School of nursing and midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Kimia Babaei Khorzoughi
- Faculty of education and psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (khorasgan) branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahmati
- Department of geriatric and psychiatric nursing, School of nursing and midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
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Starr LT, Washington K, Pitzer K, Oliver DP, Demiris G. Close but Not Close Enough: How Distance Caregiving is Associated with Hospice Family Caregiver Hospice Communication Experiences. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:482-492. [PMID: 36683376 PMCID: PMC10362092 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2170199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Half of hospice family caregivers report having unmet information needs, which can contribute to poor pain and symptom management, emergency department use, and hospice disenrollment for care-recipients and to caregiver strain and stress. Effective communication between hospice teams and family caregivers is critical yet communication inadequacies persist. Despite the growing prevalence of distance caregiving, including in hospice care, and the relationship between caregiver proximity and communication effectiveness, little is known about how caregiver proximity is associated with caregiver perceptions of hospice communication. In this secondary analysis of quantitative data from two multisite randomized clinical trials (NCT03712410 and NCT02929108) for hospice family caregivers (N = 525), multivariate linear models with demographic and contextual controls were used to analyze caregivers' perceptions of caregiver-centered communication with hospice providers based on caregiver proximity to the hospice care-recipient. In multivariate models, "local" hospice family caregivers who lived within 1 hour of the hospice care-recipient reported less effective communication with the hospice team than co-residing caregivers; and older caregivers rated communication more favorably than younger caregivers. To improve communication and collaboration between hospice teams and caregivers, regardless of proximity, distance communication training for hospice teams and interventions such as telehealth communication and virtual tools that enable triadic collaboration are recommended. Research is needed to understand why local caregivers, specifically, perceive communication quality less favorably and how hospice teams can better meet local and distance caregiver communication needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T. Starr
- NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karla Washington
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Division of Palliative Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kyle Pitzer
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Division of Palliative Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Debra Parker Oliver
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Division of Palliative Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Barnes Jewish College, Goldfarb School of Nursing, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - George Demiris
- NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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3
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Ruyant Belabbas E, Manceau C, Wawrziczny E. The relationship at the heart of the experience of daughter caregivers of a parent with dementia: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. DEMENTIA 2024; 23:175-190. [PMID: 38078431 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231220223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents with dementia require emotional, physical, psychological and financial support from their child caregivers to continue living at home. Daughter caregivers have been shown to be more involved in self-care and household tasks and to experience higher levels of distress than son caregivers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of daughter caregivers who provide informal care for a parent with dementia living in their own home. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 daughter caregivers of a parent with Alzheimer's disease. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS Three axes emerged from the analyses: [1] the before conditions the after: the quality of the previous relationship with the parent with Alzheimer's disease is a determining factor and allows the identification of three profiles of daughter caregivers: 'the grateful', 'the resentful' and 'the ambivalent', [2] when the relationship protects against the sense of burden: the feeling of being invaded by the caregiving situation is influenced by the quality of the relationship with the parent with Alzheimer's disease, and [3] alone or almost: the support network is desired when it is absent but kept at arm's length when it is present. DISCUSSION The results underline the importance of assessing the quality of attachment and supporting the relationship with the parent (especially when the relationship prior to the disease was difficult). Daughter caregivers should also be encouraged to delegate tasks and refocus their actions related to their values. Family mediation sessions may be planned to improve the organisation of care and set up an efficient collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Manceau
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Emilie Wawrziczny
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Gutiérrez-Sánchez B, Orgeta V, López-Martínez C, del-Pino-Casado R. Association between Social Support and Depressive Symptoms in Informal Caregivers of Adult and Older Dependents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6468. [PMID: 37892607 PMCID: PMC10607501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Social support is an important determinant of a carer's mental health. In recent decades, despite many studies reporting on the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms in informal caregivers of adult and older dependents, there are no systematic reviews synthesizing the available evidence. The purpose of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms in informal caregivers of adults and older dependent people. We searched PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (ProQuest), and Scopus, up to 15 January 2023 for studies. We applied no date or language limits to our search. A random-effects model was used to pool effect estimates. The included studies were also independently assessed for quality. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Egger's regression test, and the Trim and Fill method. Ninety-three studies were included in the review, reporting on a total of 15,431 informal caregivers. We found a moderate negative association between perceived social support and caregiver depressive symptoms (78 studies; r = -0.35, 95% CI = -0.39, -0.31; low heterogeneity and low risk of publications bias) and a small negative association between received social support and caregiver self-reported depressive symptoms (12 studies; r = -0.14, 95% CI = -0.20, -0.07; low heterogeneity and low risk of publications bias). Our results indicate that social support is a clinically relevant construct for carer well-being and an important protective factor for depressive symptoms in informal caregivers of adult and older dependents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23700 Jaén, Spain; (B.G.-S.); (R.d.-P.-C.)
| | - Vasiliki Orgeta
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7BN, UK;
| | - Catalina López-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23700 Jaén, Spain; (B.G.-S.); (R.d.-P.-C.)
| | - Rafael del-Pino-Casado
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23700 Jaén, Spain; (B.G.-S.); (R.d.-P.-C.)
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Di Novi C, Martini G, Sturaro C. The impact of informal and formal care disruption on older adults' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in UK. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 49:101242. [PMID: 37058982 PMCID: PMC10079322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates how formal and informal caregiving disruptions-due to the U.K. government's non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at reducing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus-may have affected the likelihood of psychological distress among older individuals. We model the association between disruption of formal and informal care and mental health of the elderly during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic using a recursive simultaneous - equation model for binary variables. Our findings reveal that public interventions, which are most essential for reducing the pandemic spread, influenced the provision of formal and informal care. The lack of adequate long-term care following the COVID-19 outbreak has also had negative repercussions on the psychological well-being of these adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Di Novi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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Fan J, Zhang W, Mi H. Intergenerational Proximity to Aging Parents and Depression Among Married Persons in China. Res Aging 2023; 45:347-360. [PMID: 35680426 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221107320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 3864), we examined the relationship between proximity to aging parents and depression among middle-aged (45-64 years) married individuals in China. Our study depicted and explained the declining coresident rate and showed a majority of adult children live separately from their parents. Children living in different households had higher levels of depression than coresident children, including those living adjacently. Furthermore, having a coresident spouse increased the levels of depression of sons living in an adjacent dwelling and in the same city, and reduced the levels of depression of daughters living farther away. More intergenerational economic support increased the levels of depression of daughters living in an adjacent dwelling. These findings may offer a reference for married adult children to reconstruct intergenerational proximity and adjust intergenerational relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fan
- School of Public Affairs, 12377Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Sociology, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Mi
- School of Public Affairs, 12377Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Bei E, Morrison V, Zarzycki M, Vilchinsky N. Barriers, facilitators, and motives to provide distance care, and the consequences for distance caregivers: A mixed-methods systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2023; 321:115782. [PMID: 36801750 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Distance caregivers (DCGs) are a growing population with substantial contributions to informal care. While much is known about the provision of local informal care, evidence from the distance caregiving population is lacking. OBJECTIVE This mixed-method systematic review examines barriers and facilitators of distance caregiving, determinants of motivations and willingness to provide distance care, and the impact on caregiver outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was conducted in four electronic databases and grey literature to minimise potential publication bias. Thirty-four studies, including 15 quantitative, 15 qualitative, and 4 mixed-method studies were identified. Data synthesis involved a convergent integrated approach to integrate quantitative with qualitative findings, followed by thematic synthesis to identify key themes and subthemes. RESULTS Barriers and facilitators of providing distance care included contextual and socioeconomic aspects of geographic distance, communication and information resources, and local support networks that shaped the distance caregiver role and caregiver involvement. The main motives for caregiving given by DCGs were cultural values and beliefs, societal norms, and perceived expectations of caregiving encompassing the sociocultural context of the caregiving role. Interpersonal relationships and individual characteristics further shaped DCGs' motivations and willingness to care from a geographic distance. DCGs experienced both positive and negative outcomes as a result of their distance caretaking responsibilities including feelings of satisfaction, personal growth, and enhanced relationship with the care recipient but also high levels of caregiver burden, social isolation, emotional distress, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence contributes toward novel understandings about the unique nature of distance care and have important implications for research, policy, healthcare, and social practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Val Morrison
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
| | - Mikołaj Zarzycki
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, L16 9JD, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Noa Vilchinsky
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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Lee K, Tang W, Cassidy J, Seo CH, Zhao J, Horowitz A. The impact of formal and informal support on emotional stress among non-co-resident caregivers of persons with dementia. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1604-1612. [PMID: 34114901 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1935460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of formal and informal support between non-co-resident and co-resident family caregivers of persons with dementia and to investigate the impact of receiving formal or informal assistance on family caregivers' residential status and their perceived emotional stress. METHOD We used secondary data from the 2018 National Survey of Older American Act conducted by the Administration for Community Living. We selected 751 primary family caregivers of persons with dementia and conducted regression analyses to explore our research questions. RESULTS Non-co-resident caregivers of persons with dementia were younger, racially and ethnically diverse, employed, and had higher income than co-resident caregivers. They were less likely to utilize formal support, such as caregiver training or education (p = .005) and respite care (p = .019) but more likely to rely on informal support in their social networks (p = .002), compared to co-resident caregivers. Non-co-resident caregivers who had better informal support systems showed less emotional stress than co-resident caregivers (p = .024). CONCLUSION Findings from our study suggest the importance of engaging informal networks to alleviate emotional stress of non-co-resident caregivers of persons with dementia. Furthermore, it is critical to help them utilize adequate caregiver training and education as well as respite care before their loved ones experience dramatic functional and health declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Weizhou Tang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Cassidy
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Chang Hyun Seo
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Joe Zhao
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy Horowitz
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
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Bei E, Mashevich K, Rotem-Mindali O, Galin-Soibelman S, Kalter-Leibovici O, Schifter T, Vilchinsky N. Extremely Distant and Incredibly Close: Physical Proximity, Emotional Attachment and Caregiver Burden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148722. [PMID: 35886574 PMCID: PMC9323703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Informal caregivers are at risk of caregiver burden, and physical proximity to the care recipient may add to this negative outcome. Yet, individual differences in emotional proximity to the care recipient such as attachment orientations may contribute to caregivers’ comfort towards different degrees of physical proximity, leading to varying levels of burden. The current study is the first to explore the role of physical proximity on caregiver burden as moderated by attachment orientations. A sample of 162 Israeli caregivers who are active users of the Camoni website completed our online survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, including a self-reported questionnaire on the physical proximity to the care recipient, were collected. Caregivers’ attachment orientations were assessed with the Experiences in Close Relationships–Relationship Structures questionnaire. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Caregiver Burden Inventory. Multiple regression and simple slope analyses were conducted. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were positively associated with burden, whereas physical proximity was not. Attachment avoidance, but not attachment anxiety, moderated the association between physical proximity and caregiver burden, with caregivers who live closer to their care recipient experiencing greater burden when high levels of avoidance were present. Our findings reveal the complex dynamics between attachment orientations and physical proximity in the context of informal care, highlighting the need for better integration of these two interlinked constructs in both care research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (K.M.); (S.G.-S.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-69-8204-1162
| | - Karin Mashevich
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (K.M.); (S.G.-S.); (N.V.)
| | - Orit Rotem-Mindali
- Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Shira Galin-Soibelman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (K.M.); (S.G.-S.); (N.V.)
| | - Ofra Kalter-Leibovici
- The Gertner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (O.K.-L.); (T.S.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv P.O. Box 39040, Israel
| | - Tami Schifter
- The Gertner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (O.K.-L.); (T.S.)
| | - Noa Vilchinsky
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (K.M.); (S.G.-S.); (N.V.)
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Morrison V, Zarzycki M, Vilchinsky N, Sanderman R, Lamura G, Fisher O, Ferraris G, Elayan S, Buskens E, Bei E, Looijmans A, Angelini V, Hagedoorn M. A Multinational Longitudinal Study Incorporating Intensive Methods to Examine Caregiver Experiences in the Context of Chronic Health Conditions: Protocol of the ENTWINE-iCohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:821. [PMID: 35055644 PMCID: PMC8775526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Informal caregivers are those who provide unpaid care to a relative or friend with a chronic illness, disability or other long-lasting health or care need. Providing informal care in the context of chronic health conditions presents a significant global challenge. Examination of the determinants of informal caregivers' behaviour, especially in terms of motivations and willingness to provide/receive care, is crucial to understanding the nature of caregiver and care recipient experiences. A large group of international researchers have co-operated to execute the ENTWINE iCohort-a multinational, transdisciplinary, longitudinal study incorporating intensive methods to examine caregiver experiences in the context of chronic health conditions. The aim of ENTWINE-iCohort is to investigate the broad spectrum of factors, i.e., cultural, personal, geographical, relational, psychological, and economic that may affect motivations, willingness to provide or receive care, among diverse groups of informal caregivers and their care recipients, in different countries that have different care systems. Study questionnaires will be disseminated on-line in nine countries: Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Israel, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, and the UK. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multivariate analysis, including intensive longitudinal and dyadic data analysis will be applied to examine the relative contribution of the above factors to caregiver or care recipient wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Morrison
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2AS, UK;
| | - Mikołaj Zarzycki
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2AS, UK;
| | - Noa Vilchinsky
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan Univeristy, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (N.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Robbert Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (G.F.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Giovanni Lamura
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (G.L.); (O.F.)
| | - Oliver Fisher
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (G.L.); (O.F.)
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferraris
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (G.F.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Saif Elayan
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, 9747 AE Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.E.); (V.A.)
| | - Erik Buskens
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Eva Bei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan Univeristy, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (N.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Anne Looijmans
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (G.F.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Viola Angelini
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, 9747 AE Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.E.); (V.A.)
| | - Mariët Hagedoorn
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (G.F.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
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Zhou N, Sun Y, She Z, Xu X, Peng Y, Liu X, Xi J. Grief and growth among Chinese parents who lost their only child: the role of positive and negative experiences of social support from different sources. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2079874. [PMID: 35695884 PMCID: PMC9176330 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2079874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, bereaved parents who have lost their only child are known as Shidu parents, and they tend to present high levels of prolonged grief reactions. To date, a widespread focus has been placed on positive social support, while potential negative experiences have been relatively neglected. Additionally, the role of social support from different sources (i.e. close family members [partner, siblings, grandchildren], peers, and others [relatives, friends, colleagues]) has not been examined thoroughly. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether social support from different sources has a differential impact on postloss adaptation (i.e. prolonged grief and growth). The loss-orientated and restoration-orientated coping strategies of the dual process model were also tested for their mediating roles. METHODS A total of 277 Chinese Shidu parents were recruited to complete a series of questionnaires including social support from different sources, prolonged grief symptoms, posttraumatic growth, and dual process coping strategies. Correlation analyses, paired sample t tests and structural equation modelling were conducted. RESULTS More positive support were related to less prolonged grief symptoms and more posttraumatic growth, while more negative support was only related to more prolonged grief. Positive support from close family members and others was significantly related to prolonged grief/growth, and negative support from these sources was significantly positively associated with prolonged grief. Positive or negative support from people who shared a similar experience was unrelated to prolonged grief/growth. Positive and negative support were related to prolonged grief and growth through loss-oriented coping strategies. CONCLUSION Overall, the present study indicated that positive and negative support experiences from different sources functioned differently in the recovery of Chinese Shidu parents and that loss-oriented coping played a mediating role. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating social support by traits in coping with grief and the crucial mediating role of loss-oriented coping. HIGHLIGHTS More positive support correlated with less prolonged grief and more growth, while more negative support correlated with more prolonged grief.Support from family members and friends was more potent than that from peers.Social Support correlated with prolonged grief/growth through loss-oriented coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang She
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juzhe Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wawrziczny E, Antoine P, Doba K. Modeling the Distress of Adult-Child Caregivers of People with Dementia: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:855-867. [PMID: 34602477 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased tasks and responsibilities involved in supporting a parent with dementia (PWD) can induce distress in adult-child caregivers. Previous studies have shown that distress can be influenced by PWD and caregiver determinants, but few studies have considered the associations between these variables. OBJECTIVE This study tested a complex model of adult-child caregiver distress in which PWD and caregiver determinants and their associations are considered. METHODS 159 adult-child caregivers participated in this online study. PWD and caregiver determinants were assessed using questionnaires and their associations were investigated using the partial least squares path method. RESULTS The model showed a significant partial mediation through self-efficacy (confidence in one's ability to organize and manage caregiving situations) between poor self-rated health and distress. Self-efficacy was a significant mediator of the relationship between informal social support and distress, and between preparedness and distress. The direct path between parental overprotection and distress was significant. The association between care and distress was significantly stronger for adult-child caregivers not living with their PWD. CONCLUSION The model revealed the important mediating role of self-efficacy. Clinical interventions should improve the preparedness of adult-child caregivers and the quality of social support. The positive perception of their self-rated health may thus be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wawrziczny
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Karyn Doba
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Bei E, Zarzycki M, Morrison V, Vilchinsky N. Motivations and willingness to provide care from a geographical distance, and the impact of distance care on caregivers' mental and physical health: a mixed-method systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045660. [PMID: 34233972 PMCID: PMC8264892 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Distance caregivers (DCGs) are a growing population with substantial contribution to informal care. While a reasonable amount is known on the determinants of motives and willingness to provide local informal care, and the local caregiver outcomes, reports for the distance caregiving population are lacking. An evidence synthesis of what motivates and makes DCGs willing to care from a distance and the impact of that care on their mental and physical health would highlight any gaps or consensus in knowledge. This would guide the research needed towards the development of tailored interventions, in order to support DCGs and promote the sustainability of distance care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol adheres to Preferred Items for Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for mixed-method reviews. A comprehensive search strategy will be conducted in four electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and PsycINFO). Grey literature will also be assessed to minimise publication bias. Two independent reviewers will assess each study for inclusion and any discrepancies will be resolved with the consultation of a third reviewer. Eligible studies for inclusion will be English language studies exploring the motives and willingness to care for a care recipient with a chronic disease, disability or frailty from a geographical distance; or studies focusing on the mental and physical health outcomes of DCGs. Qualitative and quantitative data will be integrated in a single qualitative synthesis following the JBI convergent integrated approach. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for this study as no primary data will be collected. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presentations at academic conferences and lay summaries for various stakeholders. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020156350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bei
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Val Morrison
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Noa Vilchinsky
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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14
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Geographic distance and social isolation among family care-givers providing care to older adults in Canada. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x2100060x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Family care-giving is associated with social isolation, which can lead to adverse health and wellbeing outcomes among family care-givers. The role of geographic distance in care-giver social isolation (CSI) is unclear and has received mixed research findings. Framed by the Ecological Model of Caregiver Isolation, this study examined the relationship between geographic distance and CSI, including the interaction between geographic distance and care-giving intensity for CSI. Linear regression and analysis of covariance were used to test these hypotheses using a sub-set of family care-givers from the 2012 Canadian General Social Survey (N = 2,881). Care-givers living a short distance from receivers reported lower levels of social isolation than co-resident, moderate-distance and long-distance care-givers. Being involved in higher-intensity care-giving as the primary care-giver, undertaking more care-giving tasks and providing care more frequently resulted in higher CSI scores. Long- and moderate-distance care-givers reported greater CSI than co-resident and short-distance care-givers only when providing higher-intensity care-giving. Employing a granulated measure of geographic distance positioned within an ecological framework facilitates an understanding of the nuanced association between geographic proximity and CSI. Furthermore, the identified interaction effects between geographic distance and care-giving intensity on CSI further explicate the complexity of care-giving experiences. The findings are relevant for programmes supporting care-givers in different contexts, especially distance care-givers.
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Yang W, Wu B, Tan SY, Li B, Lou VWQ, Chen ZA, Chen X, Fletcher JR, Carrino L, Hu B, Zhang A, Hu M, Wang Y. Understanding Health and Social Challenges for Aging and Long-Term Care in China. Res Aging 2021; 43:127-135. [PMID: 32677535 PMCID: PMC7961665 DOI: 10.1177/0164027520938764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The second King's College London Symposium on Ageing and Long-term Care in China was convened from 4 to 5th July 2019 at King's College London in London. The aim of the Symposium was to have a better understanding of health and social challenges for aging and long-term care in China. This symposium draws research insights from a wide range of disciplines, including economics, public policy, demography, gerontology, public health and sociology. A total of 20 participants from eight countries, seek to identify the key issues and research priorities in the area of aging and long-term care in China. The results published here are a synthesis of the top four research areas that represent the perspectives from some of the leading researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, 4616King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 5894New York University, New York, USA
| | - Si Ying Tan
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, 37580National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingqin Li
- Social Policy Research Centre, 7800University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivian W Q Lou
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The 25809University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuo Adam Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- School of Economics, 56668University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Economics, 5755Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Rupert Fletcher
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, 4616King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovico Carrino
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, 4616King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Hu
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, Department of Health Policy, 4905London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom
| | - Anwen Zhang
- Adam Smith Business School, 3526University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, 4616King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Li M, Dong X, Kong D. Social Networks and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Older Immigrants: Does Quantity, Quality, and Composition of Social Networks Matter? Clin Gerontol 2021; 44:181-191. [PMID: 31322054 PMCID: PMC8626165 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1642973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between quantity, quality, and composition of social networks and depressive symptoms among U.S. Chinese older adults. Methods: Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) (N = 3,157), a study of Chinese older adults aged 60 and above in Chicago. We assessed quantitative (network size and volume of contact), qualitative (emotional closeness), and composition (proportion kin, proportion female and proportion coresident) aspects of social networks. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Negative binomial and logistic regressions were conducted. Results: Older adults who had three to five network members with strong ties, a medium level of contact, and a high level of emotional closeness were less likely to experience depression than their counterparts. Quantitative and qualitative dimensions of social networks have stronger protective effects than the composition dimension. Conclusions: U.S. Chinese older immigrants with different levels of social network characteristics have different risks of depression, suggesting targeted subpopulation assessments to facilitate the delivery of more appropriate and effective treatment to those most in need. Clinical Implications: Health-care professionals and social service agencies are suggested to develop intervention programs to promote mental health through increasing strong ties and improving the quality of social networks for U.S. Chinese older immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, USA.,School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, USA
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, USA
| | - Dexia Kong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, USA
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Li M, Guo M, Stensland M, Dong X. Family Relationships and Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Chinese Older Adults. Res Aging 2021; 43:37-46. [PMID: 32672093 PMCID: PMC8626163 DOI: 10.1177/0164027520939250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A broad literature has explored racial disparities in cognitive aging. Research incorporating sociocultural factors would provide a more comprehensive understanding of minority aging. This study aims to investigate the role of family typology in cognition among U.S. Chinese immigrants. Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Family typology included tight-knit, unobligated ambivalent, commanding conflicted, and detached typologies. Cognition was evaluated by global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, executive function, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Linear and quantile regressions were used. Older adults with detached and commanding conflicted typologies reported lower global cognition than those with unobligated ambivalent typology. Detached, commanding conflicted, and tight-knit typologies were associated with poorer performance in episodic memory, working memory and MMSE than unobligated ambivalent typology, respectively. Social service providers could be aware of multifaceted family relationships when developing interventions for cognitive function and understand family typology as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Man Guo
- School of Social Work, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | | | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Lee Y, Bierman A, Penning M. Psychological Well-Being Among Informal Caregivers in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: Why the Location of Care Matters. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:2207-2218. [PMID: 32906145 PMCID: PMC7664311 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives A caregiving stress perspective suggests that caregiving harms psychological well-being in informal caregivers, whereas a caregiving rewards perspective suggests that provision of care benefits psychological well-being. This research examines whether both perspectives apply to caregiving experiences, but differently by the primary location of caregiving (i.e., in-home, other residence, and institution), as well as by gender. Methods We analyzed depression and life satisfaction in the nationally representative Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (N = 48,648), first comparing noncaregivers (N = 27,699) to a combined caregiver group (N = 20,949) and then stratifying caregivers by the primary location of care. Results When considered as a single group, caregivers suffered relative to noncaregivers in terms of life satisfaction and depression. When stratified by the location of care, only in-home caregivers reported both greater depression and lower life satisfaction. Nonresidential caregivers did not differ significantly in levels of depression from noncaregivers and reported higher life satisfaction. Institutional caregivers reported greater depression than noncaregivers, but did not differ significantly in life satisfaction. These patterns were stronger among women than men. Discussion Both the caregiving stress and caregiving rewards perspectives are applicable to the caregiving experience, with the stress perspective more applicable to in-home caregivers and the rewards perspective more relevant to nonresidential caregivers. Recommendations include targeted practice focused on the location of care as well as the gender of the caregiver. Given that nonresidential caregivers actually benefit from providing care, interventions need to focus on identifying and bolstering positive aspects of the caregiving experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjung Lee
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex Bierman
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Margaret Penning
- Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Capturing the Spatial Relatedness of Long-Distance Caregiving: A Mixed-Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176406. [PMID: 32887508 PMCID: PMC7504366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance caregiving (LDC) is an issue of growing importance in the context of assessing the future of elder care and the maintenance of health and well-being of both the cared-for persons and the long-distance caregivers. Uncertainty in the international discussion relates to the relevance of spatially related aspects referring to the burdens of the long-distance caregiver and their (longer-term) willingness and ability to provide care for their elderly relatives. This paper is the result of a first attempt to operationalize and comprehensively analyze the spatial relatedness of long-distance caregiving against the background of the international literature by combining a longitudinal single case study of long-distance caregiving person and semantic hierarchies. In the cooperation of spatial sciences and geoinformatics an analysis grid based on a graph-theoretical model was developed. The elaborated conceptual framework should stimulate a more detailed and precise interdisciplinary discussion on the spatial relatedness of long-distance caregiving and, thus, is open for further refinement in order to become a decision-support tool for policy-makers responsible for social and elder care and health promotion. Moreover, it may serve as a starting point for the development of a method for the numerical determination of the long-distance caregivers on different spatial reference scales.
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White C, Wray J, Whitfield C. 'A fifty mile round trip to change a lightbulb': An exploratory study of carers' experiences of providing help, care and support to families and friends from a distance. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:1632-1642. [PMID: 32227545 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While the role of carers has been widely investigated, the experiences of those who care from a distance have been little explored, especially in the United Kingdom. However, contemporary patterns of family life suggest that this may be a significant experience for many. This exploratory study employed an anonymous online survey, conducted April-November 2017, to collect data about specific issues (experiences, challenges and satisfactions) faced by carers living at a distance requiring at least 1 hr travel time (each way) from the person they support. One hundred and twenty-eight participant responses were analysed. Qualitative (thematic) analysis identified that 'distance carers' carry out multiple care tasks, both when with, and apart from, the person they care for. Distance creates specific challenges for carers who have to work to 'bridge the distance gap' and who cannot 'just drop in' and see the person they support. Distance further exposes carers to emotional, financial and temporal demands. The use of technologies or the availability of a wider support network may support distance carers, and some explore the viability of relocation. However, these potential support strategies were identified as 'fragile' and at risk of breaking down. Despite the challenges identified, distance carers also reported satisfactions derived from supporting their relative/friend. While the numbers of those providing distance care are unknown, this research suggests that this is a significant carer group, whose needs should be recognised in health and social care policy, practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline White
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Jane Wray
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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