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Min SH, Schnall R, Lee C, Topaz M. Relationship between hemoglobin and specific cognitive domain among older adults using network analysis. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38919074 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2370442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hemoglobin (Hgb) is associated with cognitive function, with low and high levels of Hgb leading to impaired cerebral oxygenation and perfusion. Yet, current studies focused on understanding the association between Hgb and cognitive function without consideration for each cognitive domain. Thus, this study aims to identify and visualize potentially interactive associations between Hgb and specific cognitive domains among older adults. METHOD This is a secondary data analysis using Wave II data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) and included 1022 older adults aged between 65 and 85 years. The network structure of three different models was estimated to understand the association between specific cognitive domains and Hgb in a mixed graphical model using the R-package 'mgm'. Model 1 did not adjust for any covariates, Model 2 adjusted for age and gender, and Model 3 adjusted for all covariates. RESULTS Among all cognitive domains, the visuospatial (edge weight = 0.06-0.10) and memory domains (0.04-0.07) were associated with Hgb in all three models Though not present in Model 3, the attention domain was associated with Hgb in Model 1 and Model 2 (0.08-0.11). In addition, the predictability of Hgb was the highest (8.1%) in Model 3. CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that cognition should be considered as a multidimensional construct, and its specific cognitive domain should be carefully assessed and managed in relation to Hgb among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Schnall
- Mary Dickey Lindsay Professor of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in Nursing, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiyoung Lee
- The University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maxim Topaz
- Elizabeth Standish Gill Associate Professor of Nursing, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
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Wasserman JS, Holtzer R. Depressive Symptoms are Associated with Decline Over Time in Verbal Fluency Performance in Female but Not Male Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:360-375. [PMID: 36989442 PMCID: PMC10539484 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2023.2195295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study was designed to examine associations between depressive symptoms and longitudinal declines in category and letter fluency performance in a gender-stratified sample of older adults. METHOD Participants were community-residing older adults (females: n = 289; males: n = 233) followed annually (2011-2018) as part of a cohort study conducted at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Standard forms assessed category and letter fluency performance. Participants were dementia-free during study enrollment. RESULTS The presence of baseline depressive symptoms suggestive of subclinical depression was associated with a worse longitudinal decline in category fluency performance in female but not male participants. These associations remained significant when excluding participants with prevalent and incident mild cognitive impairment and incident dementia. Irrespective of gender, letter fluency performance did not decline over time and was not influenced by the presence of depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION The present study's results can aid in identification of older adults who may be at greater risk for cognitive decline, and add to the limited literature examining the influence of gender on longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and verbal fluency performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roee Holtzer
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Bernal-Cárdenas CY, Céspedes-Cuevas VM, Rojas-Reyes J. Cognitive predictors and decision-making in the experience of coronary syndrome symptoms. ENFERMERIA INTENSIVA 2024; 35:124-132. [PMID: 38245496 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfie.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the predictive value of Cognitive Assessment, Symptom Severity, Personal Control and Self-Efficacy on decision making in the experience of Acute Coronary Syndrome symptoms. METHOD Quantitative study of cross-sectional analytical design, a probabilistic sampling was carried out for 256 participants diagnosed with coronary syndrome in three health institutions. The effects between the independent variables Cognitive Assessment, Symptom Severity, Personal Control, Self-Efficacy and the dependent Decision-Making were analyzed. Using inferential statistics, a Generalized Linear Regression Model was carried out, which allowed establishing the causal relationships between the variables. RESULTS Two predictive models were obtained between decision making and cognitive evaluation, in which personal control, severity of symptoms, sex and context were significant. Self-efficacy was not reported as a predictor variable. The values of the independent variables showed a behavior directly proportional to the Decision Making score. CONCLUSION A verification of the conceptual model for the management of symptoms was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Rojas-Reyes
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Ma Y, Wei S, Dang L, Gao L, Shang S, Hu N, Peng W, Zhao Y, Yuan Y, Zhou R, Wang Y, Gao F, Wang J, Qu Q. Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and cognitive impairment in China: a community population-based cross-sectional study. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:342-352. [PMID: 36976719 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2193765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance (IR) is a feature of metabolic syndrome and plays an important role in cognitive impairment (CI). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a convenient and cost-effective surrogate for assessing IR. This study aimed to assess the association between the TyG index and CI. METHODS This community population-based cross-sectional study used a cluster-sampling methodology. All participants underwent the education-based Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and those with CI were identified using standard thresholds. The fasting blood triglyceride and glucose levels were measured in the morning, and the TyG index was calculated as ln (½ fasting triglyceride level [mg/dL] × fasting blood glucose level [mg/dL]). Multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to assess the relationship between the TyG index and CI. RESULTS This study included 1484 subjects, of which 93 (6.27%) met the CI criteria. Multivariable logistic regression showed that CI incidence increased by 64% per unit increase in the TyG index (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.63, p = 0.042). CI risk was 2.64-fold higher in the highest TyG index quartile compared to the lowest TyG index quartile (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.19-5.85, p = 0.016). Finally, interaction analysis showed that sex, age, hypertension, and diabetes did not significantly affect the association between the TyG index and CI. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that an elevated TyG index was associated with a higher CI risk. Subjects with a higher TyG index should manage and treat at an early stage to alleviate the cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Jockwitz C, Krämer C, Dellani P, Caspers S. Differential predictability of cognitive profiles from brain structure in older males and females. GeroScience 2024; 46:1713-1730. [PMID: 37730943 PMCID: PMC10828131 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural brain imaging parameters may successfully predict cognitive performance in neurodegenerative diseases but mostly fail to predict cognitive abilities in healthy older adults. One important aspect contributing to this might be sex differences. Behaviorally, older males and females have been found to differ in terms of cognitive profiles, which cannot be captured by examining them as one homogenous group. In the current study, we examined whether the prediction of cognitive performance from brain structure, i.e. region-wise grey matter volume (GMV), would benefit from the investigation of sex-specific cognitive profiles in a large sample of older adults (1000BRAINS; N = 634; age range 55-85 years). Prediction performance was assessed using a machine learning (ML) approach. Targets represented a) a whole-sample cognitive component solution extracted from males and females, and b) sex-specific cognitive components. Results revealed a generally low predictability of cognitive profiles from region-wise GMV. In males, low predictability was observed across both, the whole sample as well as sex-specific cognitive components. In females, however, predictability differences across sex-specific cognitive components were observed, i.e. visual working memory (WM) and executive functions showed higher predictability than fluency and verbal WM. Hence, results accentuated that addressing sex-specific cognitive profiles allowed a more fine-grained investigation of predictability differences, which may not be observable in the prediction of the whole-sample solution. The current findings not only emphasize the need to further investigate the predictive power of each cognitive component, but they also emphasize the importance of sex-specific analyses in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Camilla Krämer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paulo Dellani
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Takasaki A, Hashimoto M, Fukuhara R, Sakuta S, Koyama A, Ishikawa T, Boku S, Ikeda M, Takebayashi M. Gesture imitation performance in community-dwelling older people: assessment of a gesture imitation task in the screening and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:404-414. [PMID: 38290836 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gesture imitation, a simple tool for assessing visuospatial/visuoconstructive functions, is reportedly useful for screening and diagnosing dementia. However, gesture imitation performance in healthy older adults is largely unknown, as are the factors associated with lower performance. To address these unknowns, we examined the gesture imitation performance of a large number of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Arao City, Kumamoto Prefecture (southern Japan). METHODS The examiner presented the participants with eight gesture patterns and considered it a success if they could imitate them within 10 s. The success rate of each gesture imitation was calculated for three diagnostic groups: cognitively normal (CN) (n = 1184), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 237), and dementia (n = 47). Next, we reorganised the original gesture imitation battery by combining six selected gestures with the following scoring method: if the participants successfully imitated the gestures, immediately or within 5 s, two points were assigned. If they succeeded within 5-10 s, one point was assigned. The sensitivity and specificity of the battery were investigated to detect the dementia and MCI groups. Factors associated with gesture imitation battery scores were examined. RESULTS Except one complex gesture, the success rate of imitation in the CN group was high, approximately 90%. The sensitivity and specificity of the gesture imitation battery for discriminating between the dementia and CN groups and between the MCI and CN groups were 70%/88%, and 45%/75%, respectively. Ageing, male sex, and a diagnosis of dementia or MCI were associated with lower scores on the gesture imitation battery. CONCLUSION Gesture imitation tasks alone may not be sufficient to detect MCI. However, by combining gestures with set time limits, gesture imitation tasks can be a low-burden and effective method for detecting dementia, even in community medicine, such as during health check-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takasaki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukuhara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shizuka Sakuta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Asuka Koyama
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Kumamoto Gakuen University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Eissman JM, Archer DB, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Choi S, Scollard P, Trittschuh EH, Mez JB, Bush WS, Kunkle BW, Naj AC, Gifford KA, Cuccaro ML, Cruchaga C, Pericak‐Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang L, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux RP, Haines JL, Jefferson AL, Kukull WA, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Thompson PM, Martin ER, Bennett DA, Barnes LL, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Hohman TJ, Dumitrescu L. Sex-specific genetic architecture of late-life memory performance. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1250-1267. [PMID: 37984853 PMCID: PMC10917043 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women demonstrate a memory advantage when cognitively healthy yet lose this advantage to men in Alzheimer's disease. However, the genetic underpinnings of this sex difference in memory performance remain unclear. METHODS We conducted the largest sex-aware genetic study on late-life memory to date (Nmales = 11,942; Nfemales = 15,641). Leveraging harmonized memory composite scores from four cohorts of cognitive aging and AD, we performed sex-stratified and sex-interaction genome-wide association studies in 24,216 non-Hispanic White and 3367 non-Hispanic Black participants. RESULTS We identified three sex-specific loci (rs67099044-CBLN2, rs719070-SCHIP1/IQCJ-SCHIP), including an X-chromosome locus (rs5935633-EGL6/TCEANC/OFD1), that associated with memory. Additionally, we identified heparan sulfate signaling as a sex-specific pathway and found sex-specific genetic correlations between memory and cardiovascular, immune, and education traits. DISCUSSION This study showed memory is highly and comparably heritable across sexes, as well as highlighted novel sex-specific genes, pathways, and genetic correlations that related to late-life memory. HIGHLIGHTS Demonstrated the heritable component of late-life memory is similar across sexes. Identified two genetic loci with a sex-interaction with baseline memory. Identified an X-chromosome locus associated with memory decline in females. Highlighted sex-specific candidate genes and pathways associated with memory. Revealed sex-specific shared genetic architecture between memory and complex traits.
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Curtis AF, Costa AN, Musich M, Schmiedeler A, Jagannathan S, Connell M, Atkinson A, Miller MB, McCrae CS. Sex as a moderator of the sleep and cognition relationship in middle-aged and older adults: A preliminary investigation. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:14-27. [PMID: 36809223 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2177293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite known sex differences in the prevalence of sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment, research investigating sex differences in sleep/cognition associations is limited. We examined sex as a moderator of associations between self-reported sleep and objective cognition in middle-aged/older adults. METHODS Adults aged 50+ (32 men/31 women, Mage = 63.6 ± 7.7) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and cognitive tasks: Stroop (processing speed, inhibition), Posner (spatial attentional orienting) and Sternberg (working memory). Multiple regressions examined whether PSQI metrics (global score, sleep quality ratings, sleep duration, sleep efficiency) were independently or interactively (with sex) associated with cognition, controlling for age and education. RESULTS Sex interacted with sleep quality ratings in its association with endogenous spatial attentional orienting (∆R2 = .10, p = .01). Worse ratings of sleep quality were associated with worse orienting in women (B = 22.73, SE = 9.53, p = .02), not men (p = .24). Sex interacted with sleep efficiency in its associations with processing speed (∆R2 = .06, p = .04). Lower sleep efficiency was associated with slower Stroop control trial performance in women (B = -15.91, SE = 7.57, p = .04), not men (p = .48). CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings suggest middle-aged/older women are more vulnerable to associations between poor sleep quality and low sleep efficiency on spatial attentional orienting and processing speed, respectively. Future studies in larger samples investigating sex-specific prospective sleep and cognition associations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F Curtis
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy N Costa
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Madison Musich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anthony Schmiedeler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Maggie Connell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela Atkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Pezzoli S, Giorgio J, Martersteck A, Dobyns L, Harrison TM, Jagust WJ. Successful cognitive aging is associated with thicker anterior cingulate cortex and lower tau deposition compared to typical aging. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:341-355. [PMID: 37614157 PMCID: PMC10916939 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no consensus on either the definition of successful cognitive aging (SA) or the underlying neural mechanisms. METHODS We examined the agreement between new and existing definitions using: (1) a novel measure, the cognitive age gap (SA-CAG, cognitive-predicted age minus chronological age), (2) composite scores for episodic memory (SA-EM), (3) non-memory cognition (SA-NM), and (4) the California Verbal Learning Test (SA-CVLT). RESULTS Fair to moderate strength of agreement was found between the four definitions. Most SA groups showed greater cortical thickness compared to typical aging (TA), especially in the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices and medial temporal lobes. Greater hippocampal volume was found in all SA groups except SA-NM. Lower entorhinal 18 F-Flortaucipir (FTP) uptake was found in all SA groups. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that a feature of SA, regardless of its exact definition, is resistance to tau pathology and preserved cortical integrity, especially in the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices. HIGHLIGHTS Different approaches have been used to define successful cognitive aging (SA). Regardless of definition, different SA groups have similar brain features. SA individuals have greater anterior cingulate thickness and hippocampal volume. Lower entorhinal tau deposition, but not amyloid beta is related to SA. A combination of cortical integrity and resistance to tau may be features of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pezzoli
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph Giorgio
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Adam Martersteck
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lindsey Dobyns
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theresa M. Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - William J. Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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Samson AD, Rajagopal S, Pasvanis S, Villeneuve S, McIntosh AR, Rajah MN. Sex differences in longitudinal changes of episodic memory-related brain activity and cognition in cognitively unimpaired older adults with a family history of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103532. [PMID: 37931333 PMCID: PMC10652211 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory decline is an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) - a neurodegenerative disease that has a higher prevalence rate in older females compared to older males. However, little is known about why these sex differences in prevalence rate exist. In the current longitudinal task fMRI study, we explored whether there were sex differences in the patterns of memory decline and brain activity during object-location (spatial context) encoding and retrieval in a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Novel or Experimental Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT-AD) program who are at heightened risk of developing AD due to having a family history (+FH) of the disease. The goal of the study was to gain insight into whether there are sex differences in the neural correlates of episodic memory decline, which may advance knowledge about sex-specific patterns in the natural progression to AD. Our results indicate that +FH females performed better than +FH males at both baseline and follow-up on neuropsychological and task fMRI measures of episodic memory. Moreover, multivariate data-driven task fMRI analysis identified generalized patterns of longitudinal decline in medial temporal lobe activity that was paralleled by longitudinal increases in lateral prefrontal cortex, caudate and midline cortical activity during successful episodic retrieval and novelty detection in +FH males, but not females. Post-hoc analyses indicated that higher education had a stronger effect on +FH females neuropsychological scores compared to +FH males. We conclude that higher educational attainment may have a greater neuroprotective effect in older +FH females compared to +FH males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria D Samson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Sricharana Rajagopal
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Stamatoula Pasvanis
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Anthony R McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
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11
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Digma LA, Litvan I, Del Ser T, Bayram E. Sex differences for cognitive decline in progressive supranuclear palsy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 112:105454. [PMID: 37301014 PMCID: PMC10911684 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive dysfunction is a core clinical feature of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), with executive function being most markedly affected. In other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, there are a growing number of reports demonstrating that cognition is differentially impacted in men and women. In PSP, however, the sex differences in cognitive decline have yet to be fully characterized. METHODS Data were obtained from the TAUROS trial for 139 participants with mild-to-moderate PSP (62 women, 77 men). Sex differences in longitudinal change in cognitive performance were evaluated with linear mixed models. Exploratory subgroup analyses assessed whether sex differences varied by baseline executive dysfunction, PSP phenotype, or baseline age. RESULTS In the primary whole group analyses, there were no sex differences for change in cognitive performance. Among participants with normal executive function at baseline, men declined more severely on executive function and language tests. Among the PSP-Parkinsonism subgroup, men declined more severely on category fluency. Across people aged≥65, men had a worse decline on category fluency, whereas across people aged <65, women had a worse decline on DRS construction. CONCLUSION In people with mild-to-moderate PSP, there are no sex differences in cognitive decline. However, the rate of cognitive decline may differ for women and men based on the level of baseline executive dysfunction, PSP-phenotype and age. Further studies are needed to clarify how sex differences in PSP clinical progression vary by disease stage and to examine the contributions of co-pathology to these observed sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardino A Digma
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Irene Litvan
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Teodoro Del Ser
- Alzheimer's Disease Investigation Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sofia Foundation, Alzheimer Research Centre, C. de Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ece Bayram
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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12
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Pollak RM, Burrell TL, Cubells JF, Klaiman C, Murphy MM, Saulnier CA, Walker EF, White SP, Mulle JG. Visual-Motor Integration Deficits in 3q29 Deletion Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06034-2. [PMID: 37354284 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We previously reported that graphomotor weakness is present in up to 78% of individuals with 3q29del. We have now explored nuances of the graphomotor phenotype and its association with other comorbidities in this population. Participants were recruited from the online 3q29 registry (3q29deletion.org) for two days of deep phenotyping. 32 individuals with 3q29del (62.5% male) were evaluated with the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) to assess visual-motor integration. Participants were also evaluated with measures of cognitive ability, executive function, adaptive behavior, and school function. Males with 3q29del performed significantly worse than females on the VMI and Motor Coordination subtest. VMI performance was significantly associated with ADHD diagnosis and cognitive ability. Compared to published data from individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, individuals with 3q29del showed significantly more impairment. The 3q29 deletion is associated with substantial deficits in visual-motor integration, Visual Perception, and Motor Coordination. Our data suggests that 3q29del may qualify as a nonverbal learning disability. Future studies should assess whether individuals with 3q29del would benefit from early interventions, including occupational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Pollak
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - T Lindsey Burrell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Joseph F Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Cheryl Klaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Melissa M Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Celine A Saulnier
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Neurodevelopmental Assessment & Consulting Services, Decatur, USA
| | | | - Stormi Pulver White
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, USA.
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13
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Townsend SAM, Marcotte K, Brisebois A, Smidarle AD, Schneider F, Loureiro F, Soder RB, Franco ADR, Marrone LCP, Hübner LC. Neuroanatomical correlates of macrostructural receptive abilities in narrative discourse in unilateral left hemisphere stroke: A behavioural and voxel-based morphometry study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023; 58:826-847. [PMID: 36448625 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about story retelling and comprehension abilities in groups with lower levels of education and socio-economic status (SES). A growing body of evidence suggests the role of an extended network supporting narrative comprehension, but few studies have been conducted in clinical populations, even less in developing countries. AIMS To extend our knowledge of the impact of a stroke on macrostructural aspects of discourse processes, namely main and complementary information, in individuals with middle-low to low SES and low levels of education. Relationships were tested between the performance in story retell and comprehension and reading and writing habits (RWH). Also, the associations between retelling and comprehension measures and their structural grey matter (GM) correlates were explored. METHODS & PROCEDURES A total of 17 adults with unilateral left hemisphere (LH) chronic ischaemic stroke without the presence of significant aphasia and 10 matched (age, education and SES) healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Retell and comprehension tasks were performed after listening or reading narrative stories. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was conducted on a subgroup of nine individuals with LH stroke and the 10 matched controls using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OUTCOMES & RESULTS Retelling and comprehension abilities were not significantly different between LH and HC, nonetheless quantitively lower in LH. Exploratory correlations showed that retelling and comprehension abilities in both written and auditory modalities were correlated with naming abilities. At the neural level, written comprehension positively correlated with GM density of the LH, including areas in the temporal pole, superior and middle temporal gyrus as well as the orbitofrontal cortex, precentral and postcentral gyri. Auditory narrative comprehension was associated with GM density of the lingual gyrus in the right hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The present results suggest that retelling and comprehension of auditory and written narratives are relatively well-preserved in individuals with a LH stroke without significant aphasia, but poorer than in HC. The findings replicate previous studies conducted in groups with higher levels of education and SES both at the behavioural and neural levels. Considering that naming seems to be associated with narrative retell and comprehension in individuals with lower SES and education, this research provides evidence on the importance of pursuing further studies including larger samples with and without aphasia as well as with various SES and education levels. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject Story retell and comprehension of auditory and written discourse have been shown to be affected after stroke, but most studies have been conducted on individuals with middle to high SES and high educational levels. What this paper adds to existing knowledge The study reports on narrative retell and comprehension in both auditory and written modalities in groups of HC and individuals with LH brain damage, with low-to-middle SES and lower levels of education. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? This study highlights the importance of taking into consideration the sociodemographic and RWH of patients when assessing discourse retell and comprehension in both auditory and written modalities. It also underlines the importance of including patients without significant aphasia following LH stroke to look at the effect of both stroke and aphasia on narrative comprehension and story retelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Amaral Martins Townsend
- School of Humanities (Linguistics Department), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Postdoctoral Program in Linguistics-Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine Marcotte
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amelie Brisebois
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anderson Dick Smidarle
- School of Humanities (Linguistics Department), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Schneider
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS-Ibirubá), Bento Goncalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Loureiro
- Institut of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bernardi Soder
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Rosa Franco
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luiz Carlos Porcello Marrone
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Neurology Center, Hospital São Lucas at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Medicine School, Luteran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Morphology Sciences Department, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristine Hübner
- School of Humanities (Linguistics Department), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Federal Capital, Brasília, Brazil
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14
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O’Shea DM, Galvin JE. Female APOE ɛ4 Carriers with Slow Rates of Biological Aging Have Better Memory Performances Compared to Female ɛ4 Carriers with Accelerated Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1269-1282. [PMID: 36872781 PMCID: PMC10535361 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that APOE ɛ4 carriers have worse memory performances compared to APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and effects may vary by sex and age. Estimates of biological age, using DNA methylation may enhance understanding of the associations between sex and APOE ɛ4 on cognition. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether associations between APOE ɛ4 status and memory vary according to rates of biological aging, using a DNA methylation age biomarker, in older men and women without dementia. METHODS Data were obtained from 1,771 adults enrolled in the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. A series of ANCOVAs were used to test the interaction effects of APOE ɛ4 status and aging rates (defined as 1 standard deviation below (i.e., slow rate), or above (i.e., fast rate) their sex-specific mean rate of aging on a composite measure of verbal learning and memory. RESULTS APOE ɛ4 female carriers with slow rates of GrimAge had significantly better memory performances compared to fast and average aging APOE ɛ4 female carriers. There was no effect of aging group rate on memory in the female non-carriers and no significant differences in memory according to age rate in either male APOE ɛ4 carriers or non-carriers. CONCLUSION Slower rates of aging in female APOE ɛ4 carriers may buffer against the negative effects of the ɛ4 allele on memory. However, longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate risk of dementia/memory impairment based on rates of aging in female APOE ɛ4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M. O’Shea
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - James E. Galvin
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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15
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Wiley E, Noguchi KS, Moncion K, D’Isabella N, Shkredova DA, Fang H, Richardson J, MacDermid JC, Rodrigues L, Roig M, Tang A. The association between global cognitive function and walking capacity in individuals with broad ranges of cognitive and physical function: Are there sex differences? FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:960437. [PMID: 36188989 PMCID: PMC9510638 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.960437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionCognitive function is known to be associated with physical function, where greater walking capacity has been shown to have moderate to strong correlations with global cognitive function and other various domains of cognition in older adults with and without chronic conditions. Biological sex may moderate the relationship between cognitive and physical function, but whether sex differences exist in this association has not been examined in an aging population. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA), walking capacity (6-Minute Walk Test distance; 6 MWT) and sex in an aging population with broad ranges of cognitive and physical function.MethodsParticipants were assessed for global cognitive function (MoCA) and walking capacity (6 MWT). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the interaction of sex in the association between MoCA and 6 MWT. First, we presented the unadjusted model (Model 1), then the model adjusted for age, history of stroke, and height (Model 2). To determine if there were sex-based differences in the association between global cognitive function and walking capacity, we included sex and an interaction term between sex*6 MWT distance in Models 3 and 4.ResultsTwenty-three females and 36 males were included in the multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Our sample represented broad ranges of cognitive and physical function levels, where MoCA scores ranged from 13 to 30, and 6 MWT distances from 203 to 750 m. 6 MWT distance was associated with MoCA in models unadjusted (R2 = 0.17; F(1,56) = 11.4; p < 0.01) and adjusted for age, stroke history, and height (R2 = 0.20; F(4,53) = 3.2; p = 0.02). No interaction with sex was found, but a main effect of sex was observed (R2 = 0.26; F(5,21) = 3.72; p = 0.03). When adjusting for age, height and history of stroke, males MoCA scores were 2.9 ± 1.3 less than the mean MoCA scores for females.DiscussionOur findings confirm the positive relationship between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Notably, we also observed superior performance in global cognition among females that was consistent across a broad spectrum of walking capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Wiley
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth S. Noguchi
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Moncion
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie D’Isabella
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Daria A. Shkredova
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Hanna Fang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Richardson
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joy C. MacDermid
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lynden Rodrigues
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, Laval, QC, Canada
- School of Physical / Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Roig
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, Laval, QC, Canada
- School of Physical / Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ada Tang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Correspondence: Ada Tang
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16
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Chalmers RA, Cervin M, Choo C, Baune BT, Trollor JN, Numbers K, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Kochan NA, Medvedev ON. Networks of inflammation, depression, and cognition in aging males and females. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2387-2398. [PMID: 35895279 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prioritizing the maintenance of healthy cognitive aging and personalizing preventive interventions to enhance their effectiveness is crucial as the global population ages. Systemic inflammation and depression in older people have been associated with decreased levels of cognition but results have been inconsistent. AIMS To explore the interactive network of inflammation, depression and cognition by sex in older people. METHODS We used novel network analysis to explore the unique associations between inflammatory biomarkers, depression, cognition, and somatic, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors in an older (aged 70-90 years), non-demented, community-dwelling sample from the longitudinal Sydney Memory and Aging Study (N = 916) at baseline and at a two-year follow-up. RESULTS The networks of biomarkers, depression, cognition, and relevant covariates were significantly different between males and females. A stable negative link between depression and cognition was found in females only; a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-6 and depression was found in females only; and a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-8 and alcohol was found in females only. For both males and females, a stable, positive relationship was found between the presence of APOE-ε4 gene and biomarker C-reactive protein; between education and cognition; and between biomarker interleukin-6 and all other biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest different psychophysiological mechanisms underlie the interactive network of biomarkers, depression and cognition in males and females that should be considered when designing personalized preventive interventions to maintain cognitively healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carol Choo
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Munster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Katya Numbers
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Topiwala A, Wang C, Ebmeier KP, Burgess S, Bell S, Levey DF, Zhou H, McCracken C, Roca-Fernández A, Petersen SE, Raman B, Husain M, Gelernter J, Miller KL, Smith SM, Nichols TE. Associations between moderate alcohol consumption, brain iron, and cognition in UK Biobank participants: Observational and mendelian randomization analyses. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1004039. [PMID: 35834561 PMCID: PMC9282660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain iron deposition has been linked to several neurodegenerative conditions and reported in alcohol dependence. Whether iron accumulation occurs in moderate drinkers is unknown. Our objectives were to investigate evidence in support of causal relationships between alcohol consumption and brain iron levels and to examine whether higher brain iron represents a potential pathway to alcohol-related cognitive deficits. METHODS AND FINDINGS Observational associations between brain iron markers and alcohol consumption (n = 20,729 UK Biobank participants) were compared with associations with genetically predicted alcohol intake and alcohol use disorder from 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR). Alcohol intake was self-reported via a touchscreen questionnaire at baseline (2006 to 2010). Participants with complete data were included. Multiorgan susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (9.60 ± 1.10 years after baseline) was used to ascertain iron content of each brain region (quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and T2*) and liver tissues (T2*), a marker of systemic iron. Main outcomes were susceptibility (χ) and T2*, measures used as indices of iron deposition. Brain regions of interest included putamen, caudate, hippocampi, thalami, and substantia nigra. Potential pathways to alcohol-related iron brain accumulation through elevated systemic iron stores (liver) were explored in causal mediation analysis. Cognition was assessed at the scan and in online follow-up (5.82 ± 0.86 years after baseline). Executive function was assessed with the trail-making test, fluid intelligence with puzzle tasks, and reaction time by a task based on the "Snap" card game. Mean age was 54.8 ± 7.4 years and 48.6% were female. Weekly alcohol consumption was 17.7 ± 15.9 units and never drinkers comprised 2.7% of the sample. Alcohol consumption was associated with markers of higher iron (χ) in putamen (β = 0.08 standard deviation (SD) [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06 to 0.09], p < 0.001), caudate (β = 0.05 [0.04 to 0.07], p < 0.001), and substantia nigra (β = 0.03 [0.02 to 0.05], p < 0.001) and lower iron in the thalami (β = -0.06 [-0.07 to -0.04], p < 0.001). Quintile-based analyses found these associations in those consuming >7 units (56 g) alcohol weekly. MR analyses provided weak evidence these relationships are causal. Genetically predicted alcoholic drinks weekly positively associated with putamen and hippocampus susceptibility; however, these associations did not survive multiple testing corrections. Weak evidence for a causal relationship between genetically predicted alcohol use disorder and higher putamen susceptibility was observed; however, this was not robust to multiple comparisons correction. Genetically predicted alcohol use disorder was associated with serum iron and transferrin saturation. Elevated liver iron was observed at just >11 units (88 g) alcohol weekly c.f. <7 units (56 g). Systemic iron levels partially mediated associations of alcohol intake with brain iron. Markers of higher basal ganglia iron associated with slower executive function, lower fluid intelligence, and slower reaction times. The main limitations of the study include that χ and T2* can reflect changes in myelin as well as iron, alcohol use was self-reported, and MR estimates can be influenced by genetic pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the largest investigation of moderate alcohol consumption and iron homeostasis to date. Alcohol consumption above 7 units weekly associated with higher brain iron. Iron accumulation represents a potential mechanism for alcohol-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Topiwala
- Nuffield Department Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Bell
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F. Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Celeste McCracken
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steffen E. Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom
- Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Betty Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masud Husain
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Karla L. Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Nuffield Department Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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O’Shea DM, Maynard T, Tremont G. DNA Methylation "GrimAge" Acceleration Mediates Sex/Gender Differences in Verbal Memory and Processing Speed: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2402-2412. [PMID: 35715888 PMCID: PMC9799212 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether sex/gender differences in rates of biological aging mediate sex/gender differences in cognition in older adults has not been fully examined. The aim of the current study was to investigate this association. Data from up to 1 928 participants (mean age = 75, standard deviation = 7.04, female = 57%) who took part in the 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol and Venous Blood Study; substudies of the Health and Retirement Study were included in the current study. The residuals from 4 age-adjusted epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge) were used to measure biological age acceleration. Sex/gender differences in cognition were tested using a series of analyses of covariance. Mediation analyses tested whether the measures of age acceleration accounted for these sex/gender differences, controlling for age, education, smoking status, and white blood cell count. Women outperformed men on measures of verbal learning, verbal memory, visual scanning, and processing speed. No other significant sex/gender differences were identified. Results from mediation analyses revealed that women's slower rates of GrimAge fully accounted for their faster processing speeds and partially accounted for their better performances on verbal learning, verbal memory, and visual scanning measures. None of the other measures of age acceleration were significant mediators. Accounting for sex/gender differences in biological aging may differentiate between cognitive sex/gender differences that are driven by universal (ie, age-related) versus sex-specific mechanisms. More broadly, these findings support the growing evidence that the GrimAge clock outperforms other clocks in predicting cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M O’Shea
- Address correspondence to: Deirdre M. O’Shea, PhD, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street Building, 7th Floor, Providence, RI 02903, USA. E-mail:
| | | | - Geoffrey Tremont
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,USA,Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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19
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Schneider F, Marcotte K, Brisebois A, Townsend SAM, Smidarle AD, Soder RB, Marrone LCP, Hübner LC. Macrostructural Aspects in Oral Narratives in Brazilian Portuguese by Left and Right Hemisphere Stroke Patients With Low Education and Low Socioeconomic Status. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:1319-1337. [PMID: 35302896 DOI: 10.1044/2021_ajslp-21-00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with a stroke in either the left hemisphere (LH) or the right hemisphere (RH) often present macrostructural impairments in narrative abilities. Understanding the potential influence of low education and low socioeconomic status (SES) is critical to a more effective assessment of poststroke language. The first aim was to investigate macrostructural processing in low-education and low-SES individuals with stroke in the LH or RH or without brain damage. The second aim was to verify the relationships between macrolinguistic, neuropsychological, and sociodemographic variables. METHOD Forty-seven adults with LH (n = 15) or RH (n = 16) chronic ischemic stroke and 16 matched (age, education, and SES) healthy controls produced three oral picture-sequence narratives. The macrostructural aspects analyzed were cohesion, coherence, narrativity, macropropositions, and index of lexical informativeness and were compared among the three groups. Then, exploratory correlations were performed to assess associations between sociodemographic (such as SES), neuropsychological, and macrostructural variables. RESULTS Both the LH and the RH presented impairments in the local macrostructural aspect (cohesion), whereas the RH also presented impairments in more global aspects (global coherence and macropropositions). All five macrostructural variables correlated with each other, with higher correlations with narrativity. Naming was correlated with all macrostructural variables, as well as prestroke reading and writing habits (RWH), showing that higher naming accuracy and higher RWH are associated with better macrostructural skills. CONCLUSIONS The present results corroborate the role of the LH in more local processing and that of the RH in more global aspects of discourse. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of investigating discourse processing in healthy and clinical populations of understudied languages such as Brazilian Portuguese, with various levels of education, SES, and RWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Schneider
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Ibirubá, Brazil
- Linguistics Department, School of Humanities, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karine Marcotte
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélie Brisebois
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabrine Amaral Martins Townsend
- Linguistics Department, School of Humanities, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postdoctoral Program in Linguistics, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson Dick Smidarle
- Linguistics Department, School of Humanities, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bernardi Soder
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Cristine Hübner
- Linguistics Department, School of Humanities, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Abstract
Sex and gender differences are seen in cognitive disturbances in a variety of neurological and psychiatry diseases. Men are more likely to have cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia whereas women are more likely to have more severe cognitive symptoms with major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, it is important to understand sex and gender differences in underlying cognitive abilities with and without disease. Sex differences are noted in performance across various cognitive domains - with males typically outperforming females in spatial tasks and females typically outperforming males in verbal tasks. Furthermore, there are striking sex differences in brain networks that are activated during cognitive tasks and in learning strategies. Although rarely studied, there are also sex differences in the trajectory of cognitive aging. It is important to pay attention to these sex differences as they inform researchers of potential differences in resilience to age-related cognitive decline and underlying mechanisms for both healthy and pathological cognitive aging, depending on sex. We review literature on the progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease, as an example of pathological cognitive aging in which human females show greater lifetime risk, neuropathology, and cognitive impairment, compared to human males. Not surprisingly, the relationships between sex and cognition, cognitive aging, and Alzheimer's disease are nuanced and multifaceted. As such, this chapter will end with a discussion of lifestyle factors, like education and diet, as modifiable factors that can alter cognitive aging by sex. Understanding how cognition changes across age and contributing factors, like sex differences, will be essential to improving care for older adults.
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21
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Khandekar P, Shenoy S, Sathe A. Prefrontal cortex hemodynamic response to acute high intensity intermittent exercise during executive function processing. The Journal of General Psychology 2022:1-28. [PMID: 35289723 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2022.2048785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamic response, through functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during executive function (EF) processing in response to acute high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in young adults. We also assessed the associated sex differences in the cognitive scores and related PFC hemodynamic functions in response to HIIE. 49 young healthy adult participants (32 women, 17 men) were randomly assigned to either control or HIIE intervention groups. HIIE group participants performed 4 × 4 minutes of HIIE on cycle ergometer with 3 minutes of active recovery between the bouts; control group relaxed for the time equivalent to intervention. fNIRS data was collected during the performance of the EF tests including Color Word Stroop Test (CWST) and Trail Making Test (TMT) in pre and post sessions in both the groups. Results indicated a significant change in the hemodynamic response in the form of increased oxygenated and decreased deoxygenated hemoglobin in the PFC areas specific to the EF tasks, with improved CWST and TMT scores in response to HIIE intervention. PFC activation was different in men and women in response to HIIE, however similar scores of task performance were observed in men and women during the performance of executive functions in response to HIIE. The study concludes that an acute HIIE session improves executive function which is associated with an increase activation of PFC. Sex differences exist in the activation of PFC in response to HIIE during EF processing. Our study adds to the current evidence regarding exercise and cognition.
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Shin SH, Behrens EA, Parmelee PA, Kim G. The Role of Purpose in Life in the Relationship Between Widowhood and Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults in the U.S. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:383-391. [PMID: 34417084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the role of purpose in life in the relationship between widowhood and cognitive decline. METHODS This study used a sample of 12,856 respondents (20,408 observations) collected from a national panel survey, the 2006-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), that sampled older adults aged 50 or older. The study estimated growth-curve models with years since spousal death, purpose in life, and interaction between the two to predict cognition using three measures-total cognition, fluid, and crystallized intelligence scores. We also estimated growth-curve models by sex, race/ethnicity, and education. RESULTS While years since spousal death negatively correlated with cognition, purpose in life positively correlated with cognition. Furthermore, purpose in life had a moderating effect on the relationship between years since spousal death and cognition. This effect was found by using total cognition (coef. = 0.0515; z = 2.64; p < 0.01) and fluid intelligence scores (coef. = 0.0576; z = 3.23; p < 0.05). The same effects were salient among females (coef. = 0.0556; z = 2.19; p < 0.05), Whites (coef. = 0.0526; z = 2.52; p < 0.05), and older adults with more education (coef. = 0.0635; z = 2.10; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher purpose in life relates to the negative correlations between widowhood and cognition of older adults. Educational programs improving purpose in life are a possible avenue for reducing the adverse effect of widowhood on cognition and warrant future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Shin
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, UT
| | - Emily A Behrens
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging and Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, AL
| | - Patricia A Parmelee
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging and Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, AL
| | - Giyeon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Sex differences in cognitive-motor components of braking in older adults. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1045-1055. [PMID: 35190864 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fast and accurate braking is essential for safe driving and relies on efficient cognitive and motor processes. Despite the known sex differences in overall driving behavior, it is unclear whether sex differences exist in the objective assessment of driving-related tasks in older adults. Furthermore, it is unknown whether cognitive-motor processes are differentially affected in men and women with advancing age. We aimed to determine sex differences in the cognitive-motor components of the braking performance in older adults. Fourteen men (63.06 ± 8.53 years) and 14 women (67.89 ± 11.81 years) performed a braking task in a simulated driving environment. Participants followed a lead car and applied a quick and controlled braking force in response to the rear lights of the lead car. We quantified braking accuracy and response time. Importantly, we also decomposed response time in its cognitive (pre-motor response time) and motor (motor response time) components. Lastly, we examined whether sex differences in the activation and coordination of the involved muscles could explain differences in performance. We found sex differences in the cognitive-motor components of braking performance with advancing age. Specifically, the cognitive processing speed is 27.41% slower in women, while the motor execution speed is 24.31% slower in men during the braking task. The opposite directions of impairment in the cognitive and motor speeds contributed to comparable overall braking speed across sexes. The sex differences in the activation of the involved muscles did not relate to response time differences between men and women. The exponential increase in the number of older drivers raises concerns about potential effects on traffic and driver safety. We demonstrate the presence of sex differences in the cognitive-motor components of braking performance with advancing age. Driving rehabilitation should consider differential strategies for ameliorating sex-specific deficits in cognitive and motor speeds to enhance braking performance in older adults.
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Oltra J, Uribe C, Campabadal A, Inguanzo A, Monté-Rubio GC, Martí MJ, Compta Y, Valldeoriola F, Junque C, Segura B. Sex Differences in Brain and Cognition in de novo Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:791532. [PMID: 35069180 PMCID: PMC8770804 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.791532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases are influenced by sex. We aimed to investigate sex differences in brain atrophy and cognition in de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: Clinical, neuropsychological and T1-weighted MRI data from 205 PD patients (127 males: 78 females) and 69 healthy controls (40 males: 29 females) were obtained from the PPMI dataset. Results: PD males had a greater motor and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptomatology than PD females. They also showed cortical thinning in postcentral and precentral regions, greater global cortical and subcortical atrophy and smaller volumes in thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, and brainstem, compared with PD females. Healthy controls only showed reduced hippocampal volume in males compared to females. PD males performed worse than PD females in global cognition, immediate verbal recall, and mental processing speed. In both groups males performed worse than females in semantic verbal fluency and delayed verbal recall; as well as females performed worse than males in visuospatial function. Conclusions: Sex effect in brain and cognition is already evident in de novo PD not explained by age per se, being a relevant factor to consider in clinical and translational research in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Oltra
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Uribe
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Campabadal
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Inguanzo
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma C. Monté-Rubio
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J. Martí
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Valldeoriola
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junque
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Segura
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Falck RS, Best JR, Davis JC, Barha CK, Khan KM, Liu-Ambrose T. Cardiometabolic risk, biological sex, and age do not share an interactive relationship with cognitive function: A cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 47:405-414. [PMID: 34898283 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether cardiometabolic risk shares an interactive relationship with age-associated differences in cognition, and whether this relationship varies by biological sex. We conducted a cross-sectional analyses using baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2010-2015) to examine whether: 1) cardiometabolic risk has an interactive relationship with age-associated cognition; and 2) interactive effects are sex-dependent. We measured memory, executive function, and verbal fluency in the Comprehensive cohort (n=25,830; 45-86 years). Each cognitive domain was modeled using restricted cubic splines for age and each cardiometabolic risk factor (HbA1c, HSCRP, TG, and LDL and HDL cholesterol). Sex was included as a predictor in all models. Wald chi-square statistics were used to determine the relative importance of age, cardiometabolic risk, sex, and their interactive effects on cognition. Age was the most important variable in each model (proportion χ2=34-48%). Biological sex was the second most important variable for memory (proportion χ2=26%), but was unimportant for executive function and verbal fluency (proportion χ2=3-5%). Cardiometabolic risk factors were unimportant predictors in each model (proportion χ2=1-3%). Two and three-way interactions between cardiometabolic risk, age, and sex were also unimportant (proportion χ2=0-2%). Thus, cardiometabolic risk factors did not meaningfully account for age-associated differences in cognition, and these associations (or lack thereof) did not vary by sex. Novelty: Males have poorer age-associated cognitive performance than females Females and males differ in cardiometabolic risk across middle and older adulthood Cardiometabolic risk has a small association with age-associated cognition, and there are no sex differences in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Stanley Falck
- The University of British Columbia, Physical Therapy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - John R Best
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Jennifer C Davis
- Univ British Columbia, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Cindy K Barha
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Karim M Khan
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physical Therapy, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;
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26
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Exploring the sex and gender correlates of cognitive sex differences. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 221:103452. [PMID: 34801881 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlates of cognitive sex differences are yet to be fully understood. Many biological and psychosocial factors modulate these cognitive abilities leading to mixed results in the scientific literature. The current study aims to explore the different parameters potentially influencing cognitive abilities acting in synergy. Sex and gender correlates of cognitive functioning were assessed in a sample of individuals ages 18 to 45 years (N = 87) from diverse sexual orientations. Sex hormones were assessed via saliva samples at four timepoints throughout the testing. Gender roles, sexual orientation and socio-demographics were measured via self-report questionnaires. Participants completed mental rotation and verbal fluency tasks. Men performed better than women at mental rotation, while no significant difference was found for verbal fluency. Significant positive associations were observed between estradiol and word fluency for the naturally cycling women compared to the women using oral contraception. While controlling for sex hormones, a significant interaction effect of sex by gender roles was identified for mental rotation among masculine women. These exploratory results suggest an effect principally driven by sex and sex hormones on cognitive performance that will need to be furthered with larger studies.
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27
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Qin Y, Ai D, Jordan AE, Guo X, Li T, Diao S, Zhao H, Liu Y, Xue Q, Wang Y, Fang Q. Better Screening Value of Sylvian Fissure Ratio on Cognitive Decline Among Female Compared to Male: An Observational Study in Elderly Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Soochow. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:729782. [PMID: 34675766 PMCID: PMC8524438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.729782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive decline (CD) occurs frequently in elderly patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). In China, elderly patients are more likely to enter healthcare in community hospitals where no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is available. This study aimed to explore the screening value of Sylvian fissure ratio (SFR) on CD and compare its gender difference from community-transferred patients. Methods: We performed a single-center, observational study (collected between April 1, 2016, and March 1, 2019) to evaluate the association between Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and SFR in 203 eligible community-transferred patients. Baseline characteristics of patients were collected during hospitalization. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of variables on MoCA, and interactions between select variables were analyzed in different models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative effect of SFR to severe CD. Results: We identified that a meaningful SFR cutoff of 0.05 had important screening value (likelihood ratio test, p = 0.067) on CD. The ratio had a lower screen value in males when compared to females (adjusted β, −5.54; 95% CI, −8.78 to −2.30 vs. adjusted β, −1.01; 95% CI, −2.84 to 0.82). The gender difference was further verified by ROC curve analysis, in which this discriminative effect was more potent in females (from 0.878 to 0.948) compared to males (from 0.838 to 0.837). Conclusion: An SFR of 0.05 may be more useful to distinguish CD in female patients with CSVD than male patients in whom the syndrome is suspected clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Qin
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dannan Ai
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoning Guo
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tan Li
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Diao
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongru Zhao
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qun Xue
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueju Wang
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- The Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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The Impact of Sex on the Neurocognitive Functions of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101331. [PMID: 34679396 PMCID: PMC8533932 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the impact of sex on the neurocognitive function of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ninety-four participants with idiopathic PD and 167 age-matched healthy individuals as normal controls (NCs) were recruited and underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. Sex differences were found in NCs, but not in patients with PD. Among male participants, patients with PD showed worse performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) (p < 0.001) test and Symbol Search (SS) (p < 0.001) than NCs. Among female participants, patients with PD showed worse performance on the category score of the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (p < 0.001), SS (p < 0.001), and pentagon copying (p < 0.001) than NCs. After controlling for the effects of age and years of education, Hoehn and Yahr stage was found to predict the performance of the Color Trails Test part A (βA = 0.241, pA = 0.036), Stroop Color and Word Test (β = -0.245, p = 0.036), and DSS (β = -0.258, p = 0.035) in men with PD. These results indicate the differential effect of sex on the neurocognitive function among healthy aging and PD populations. The disappearance of sex differences, which is present in healthy aging, in patients with PD suggests a gradual loss of the neuroprotective effect of estrogen after the initiation of the neurodegenerative process. This study also found mental flexibility and visuospatial function to be the susceptible cognitive domains in women with PD, while the disease severity could predict the working memory and processing speed in men with PD.
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29
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Hao W, Zhao W, Kimura T, Ukawa S, Kadoya K, Kondo K, Tamakoshi A. Association of gait with global cognitive function and cognitive domains detected by MoCA-J among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:523. [PMID: 34600495 PMCID: PMC8487567 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait was proved to be strongly associated with global cognitive function and multiple cognitive domains; however, previous research usually concentrated on individual gait parameters. This study used wearable sensors to measure gait parameters in different aspects and comprehensively explored the association of gait with global cognitive function and cognitive domains. METHODS The data of this cross-sectional study were obtained from 236 community-dwelling Japanese older adults (125 men and 111 women) aged 70-81 years. Gait was measured by asking participants to walk a 6-m course and back using the Physilog® sensors (GaiUp®, Switzerland). Global cognitive function and cognitive domains were evaluated by face-to-face interviews using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Twenty gait parameters were summarized as independent gait factors using factor analysis. A generalized linear model and linear regression model were used to explore the relationship of gait with global cognitive function and cognitive domains adjusted for several confounding factors. RESULTS Factor analysis yielded four gait factors: general cycle, initial contact, propulsion, and mid-swing. Among them, general cycle factor was significantly associated with global cognitive function (β = - 0.487, [- 0.890, - 0.085]) and executive function (P = 0.049); initial contact was associated with executive function (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION General cycle of gait might be the better marker of global cognitive function and gait is most strongly associated with executive function. The longitudinal relationships should be examined in future cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ukawa
- Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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30
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Elosúa MR, Ciudad MJ, Contreras MJ. Executive-function tasks in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects of decline and gender. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021:1-7. [PMID: 34362278 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1961142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is exceedingly rare to find studies that analyze the effect of gender differences in executive-function tasks in normal cognitive aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The objective of the present study was to analyze the mean differences in performance in four executive-function tasks, the Clock Drawing Test verbal-command, Clock Drawing Test-copy, Phonetic Fluency Test and Trail Making Test-A, according to the gender and impairment group variables. A total of 90 participants (30 patients with Alzheimer's Disease, 30 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, and 30 healthy elderly participants; 50% men and 50% women in each group) took part in the study. As expected, the results showed a main effect of the group in most tasks, with a progressively worse performance according to cognitive impairment. Regarding the effect of gender, there were no significant differences in the Mild Cognitive Impairment and healthy elderly groups, but a significantly higher performance of women compared to men was found in the Alzheimer's group. The clinical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. In particular, the abnormal performance of women with Alzheimer's in the sample may be related to a possible cognitive reserve due to social and educational background in their sociocultural and generational context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosa Elosúa
- Psicología Básica I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Ciudad
- Badalona Serveis Assistencials, Servicio de Geriatría y Curas Paliativas, Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Contreras
- Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Chadjikyprianou A, Hadjivassiliou M, Papacostas S, Constantinidou F. The Neurocognitive Study for the Aging: Longitudinal Analysis on the Contribution of Sex, Age, Education and APOE ɛ4 on Cognitive Performance. Front Genet 2021; 12:680531. [PMID: 34326860 PMCID: PMC8314766 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The effects of normal cognitive aging on executive functions (EF), Verbal Episodic Memory (VEM) and the contribution of age, sex, education, and APOΕ ε4 in a group of old Greek Cypriots across a five-year period were investigated. Design: NEUROAGE, the first project on cognitive aging in Cyprus, is a prospective longitudinal study with a rolling admission process. Participants are assessed at baseline and retested every 24–30 months. Subjects: 170 participants completed all three testing cycles; 86 men and 84 women with ages ranging between 60 and 88 years (mean = 73.21, SD = 5.84); education, 2–20 years (mean = 9.07, SD = 4.27). Results: Α Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was conducted with one between-subject factor: sex; two covariates: age and education, while Time (time 1, time 2, time 3) served as a within – subject factor. Time did not have an effect on mini mental status examination in Greek (MMSE), EF or VEM. Also, sex had no effect on MMSE, EF and VEM. There was no time by sex interaction. Age and Education significantly predicted the EF performance, F(1, 168) = 11.23, p < 0.05; F(1, 158) = 90.03, p < 0.001 and VEM performance, F(1, 171) = 17.22, p < 0.001; F(1, 171) = 61.25, p < 0.001. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between time and education, for EF, F(2, 167) = 7.02, p < 0.001. Performance of the APOE ε4 carriers did not differ on any of the above measures as compared to performance of non-carriers in this older adult group. Conclusion: Cognitively healthy adults maintained overall cognitive performance across the five-year period. Male and female participants performed similarly and the pattern of change over time was similar across the two sexes. Education was predictive of VEM and EF performance across time. Furthermore, those with higher education maintained higher levels of EF performance. APOE results did not differentiate performance at baseline. Implications of findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Chadjikyprianou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marilena Hadjivassiliou
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Savvas Papacostas
- Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, The University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Fofi Constantinidou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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32
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Kim H, Hong JP, Kang JM, Kim WH, Maeng S, Cho SE, Na KS, Oh SH, Park JW, Cho SJ, Bae JN. Cognitive reserve and the effects of virtual reality-based cognitive training on elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment and normal cognition. Psychogeriatrics 2021; 21:552-559. [PMID: 33934441 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept proposed to account for discrepancies between the extent of brain pathology and clinical manifestations of that pathology. This study aimed to explore the associations between CR and the effects of cognitive training using fully immersive virtual reality (VR). METHODS A total of 44 older adults (22 cognitively normal, 22 with mild cognitive impairment) underwent eight cognitive training sessions using VR for a period of 4 weeks. CR was assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq). To evaluate baseline cognitive function and the effects of VR training, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery was administered to all participants before and after the training. RESULTS Greater improvement in the total CERAD score was seen for cognitively normal participants with higher versus lower scores on the Education subdomain of the CRIq. Among patients with mild cognitive impairment, none of the CRIq subdomain scores (Education, Working Activity, Leisure Time) were related to a change in CERAD total scores. The CRIq total score did not predict the improvement of global cognition in either group. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed different impacts of CR on cognitive training according to the participants' cognitive status. It also suggests that employing three proxies of CR rather than using a composite score would provide a more accurate understanding of one's CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myeong Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seri Maeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Eun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Oh
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woon Park
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University Graduate School, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Nam Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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33
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Hsu CCH, Huang CC, Tsai SJ, Chen LK, Li HC, Lo CYZ, Lin CP. Differential Age Trajectories of White Matter Changes Between Sexes Correlate with Cognitive Performances. Brain Connect 2021; 11:759-771. [PMID: 33858197 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is accompanied by a gradual deterioration in multiple cognitive abilities and brain structures. Both cognitive function and white matter (WM) structure are found to be associated with neurodegeneration diseases and correlated with sex during aging. However, it is still unclear whether the brain structural change could be attributable to sex, and how sex would affect cognitive performances during aging. Materials and Methods: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed on 1127 healthy participants (age range: 21-89) at a single site. The age trajectories of the WM tract microstructure were delineated to estimate the turning age and changing rate between sexes. The canonical correlation analysis and moderated mediation analysis were used to examine the relationship between sex-linked WM tracts and cognitive performances. Results: The axon intactness and demyelination of sex-linked tracts during aging were multifaceted. Sex-linked tracts in females peak around 5 years later than those in males but change significantly faster after the turning age. Projection and association tracts (e.g., corticospinal tracts and parahippocampal cingulum) contributed to a significant decrease in visuospatial functions (VS) and executive functions (E). We discovered that there is a stronger indirect effect of sex-linked tracts on cognitive functions in females than in males. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the vulnerable projection and association tracts in females may induce negative impacts on integrating multiple functions, which results in a faster decrease in VS and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chin Heather Hsu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Zac Lo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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Echeverria V, Echeverria F, Barreto GE, Echeverría J, Mendoza C. Estrogenic Plants: to Prevent Neurodegeneration and Memory Loss and Other Symptoms in Women After Menopause. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644103. [PMID: 34093183 PMCID: PMC8172769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms such as learning and memory impairment, sleep and mood disorders, hot flushes, and fatigue. These symptoms are frequent in women who reached menopausal age or have had ovariectomy and in men and women subjected to anti-estrogen therapy. Hormone replacement therapy alleviates menopause symptoms; however, it can increase cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In the search for therapeutic alternatives, medicinal plants and specific synthetic and natural molecules with estrogenic effects have attracted widespread attention between the public and the scientific community. Various plants have been used for centuries to alleviate menstrual and menopause symptoms, such as Cranberry, Ginger, Hops, Milk Thistle, Red clover, Salvia officinalis, Soy, Black cohosh, Turnera diffusa, Ushuva, and Vitex. This review aims to highlight current evidence about estrogenic medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on cognitive deficits induced by estrogen deficiency during menopause and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile.,Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, Unites States
| | | | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
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35
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Gonzalez-Latapi P, Bayram E, Litvan I, Marras C. Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Epidemiology, Clinical Profile, Protective and Risk Factors. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11050074. [PMID: 34068064 PMCID: PMC8152515 DOI: 10.3390/bs11050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and an important source of patient disability and caregiver burden. The timing, profile and rate of cognitive decline varies widely among individuals with PD and can range from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD). Beta-amyloid and tau brain accumulation, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are reported risk factors for cognitive impairment. Traumatic brain injury and pesticide and tobacco exposure have also been described. Genetic risk factors including genes such as COMT, APOE, MAPT and BDNF may also play a role. Less is known about protective factors, although the Mediterranean diet and exercise may fall in this category. Nonetheless, there is conflicting evidence for most of the factors that have been studied. The use of inconsistent criteria and lack of comprehensive assessment in many studies are important methodological issues. Timing of exposure also plays a crucial role, although identification of the correct time window has been historically difficult in PD. Our understanding of the mechanism behind these factors, as well as the interactions between gene and environment as determinants of disease phenotype and the identification of modifiable risk factors will be paramount, as this will allow for potential interventions even in established PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada;
| | - Ece Bayram
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (E.B.); (I.L.)
| | - Irene Litvan
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (E.B.); (I.L.)
| | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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36
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van Zutphen EM, Rijnhart JJM, Rhebergen D, Muller M, Huisman M, Beekman A, Kok A, Appelman Y. Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Explain Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Old Age? J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1643-1655. [PMID: 33720886 PMCID: PMC8150475 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sex differences in cognitive functioning in old age are known to exist yet are still poorly understood. Objective: This study examines to what extent differences in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease between men and women explain sex differences in cognitive functioning. Methods: Data from 2,724 older adults from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Information processing speed and episodic memory, measured three times during six years of follow-up, served as outcomes. The mediating role of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease was examined in single and multiple mediator models. Determinant-mediator effects were estimated using linear or logistic regression, and determinant-outcome and mediator-outcome effects were estimated using linear mixed models. Indirect effects were estimated using the product-of-coefficients estimator. Results: Women scored 1.58 points higher on information processing speed and 1.53 points higher on episodic memory. Several cardiovascular risk factors had small mediating effects. The sex difference in information processing speed was mediated by smoking, depressive symptoms, obesity, and systolic blood pressure. The sex difference in episodic memory was mediated by smoking, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. Effects of smoking, LDL cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus on information processing speed differed between men and women. Conclusion: Differences in cardiovascular risk factors between women and men partially explained why women had better cognitive functioning. A healthy cardiovascular lifestyle seems beneficial for cognition and sex-specific strategies may be important to preserve cognitive functioning at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maria van Zutphen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Johanna Maria Rijnhart
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Didericke Rhebergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Majon Muller
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aartjan Beekman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almar Kok
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Hammers DB, Duff K, Spencer RJ. Demographically-corrected normative data for the HVLT-R, BVMT-R, and Aggregated Learning Ratio values in a sample of older adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:290-300. [PMID: 33899697 PMCID: PMC8259561 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1917523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Learning Ratio (LR) is a novel learning slope score that has been developed to reduce the inherent competition between the first trial and subsequent trials in traditional learning slopes. Recent findings suggest that LR is sensitive to AD pathology along the AD continuum - more so than the traditional learning calculations that employ raw changes across trials. However, research is still experimental and not yet directly applicable to clinical settings. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to develop demographically-corrected normative data on these LR learning slopes.Method: The current study examined the influence of age and education on LR scores for the HVLT-R, BVMT-R, and an Aggregated HVLT-R/BVMT-R in 200 cognitively intact adults aged 65 years and older using linear regression.Results: Age negatively correlated with all LR metrics, and education positively correlated with most. No sex differences were identified. LR values were predicted from age and education, which can be compared to observed LR values and converted into demographically-corrected T scores.Conclusions: By comparing observed and predicted LR scores calculated from regression-based prediction equations, interpretations are permitted that aid in clinical decision making and treatment planning. Co-norming of the HVLT-R and BVMT-R also allows for comparisons between verbal and visual learning slope scores in individual patients. We hope normative data for LR enhances its utility as a clinical tool for examining learning slopes in older adults administered the HVLT-R and/or BVMT-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin B. Hammers
- Center for Alzheimer’s Care, Imaging, and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin Duff
- Center for Alzheimer’s Care, Imaging, and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert J. Spencer
- Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor MI, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychology Section, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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38
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Abstract
Males and females are subject to differences in cognitive processing strategies, i.e. the way males and females solve cognitive tasks. So far primarily reported for younger adults, this seems to be especially important in older adults, who also show sex differences in cognitive impairments. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the older adult population with respect to cognitive profiles derived from a large variety of cognitive functions. Using an exploratory component analysis with consecutive confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 676 older adults, neuropsychological performance data in a variety of cognitive domains was decomposed into cognitive components. A general cognitive profile based on the whole group fits unequally well on the two sexes. Importantly, cognitive profiles based on either males or females differ in terms of their composition of cognitive components, i.e. three components in males versus four components in females, with a generally better model fit in females. Thus, related to the established differences in processing styles between males and females the current study found a rather decomposed (or local) cognitive profile in females while males seem to show a holistic (or global) cognitive profile, with more interrelations between different cognitive functions.
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39
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Simeone PG, Vadini F, Tripaldi R, Liani R, Ciotti S, Di Castelnuovo A, Cipollone F, Santilli F. Sex-Specific Association of Endogenous PCSK9 With Memory Function in Elderly Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:632655. [PMID: 33776743 PMCID: PMC7990768 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.632655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence indicates that cognitive decline and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) share common vascular risk factors. Protease proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is associated with CV disease risk and has been also involved in neuronal differentiation. Aim: Evaluate whether in patients at high CV risk cognitive function is related to PCSK9 levels. Methods. One hundred sixty-six patients (67 female) were enrolled. A detailed neuropsychological (NP) assessment was performed. PCSK9 levels were measured with ELISA. Results: Men had significantly higher short-term memory, executive function, and praxic and mental representation skills, as reflected by Forward Digit Span (FDS) (p = 0.005), Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) (p = 0.047), Clock Drawing Test (CDT) (0.016). Endogenous PCSK9 levels were higher in female (p = 0.005). On linear regression analysis PCSK9 predicts short term memory only in females (Beta = 0.408, p = 0.001), with an interaction between PCSK9 and gender (p = 0.004 for interaction PCSK9 by sex). The association of PCSK9 with FDS in female was partially mediated by waist circumference (mediation effect 8.5%). Conclusions: In patients at high CV risk short term memory was directly related to PCSK9 levels only in women, revealing the relevance of sex in this relationship. The association of PCSK9 with memory function may be mediated, at least in part, by waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Vadini
- Psychoinfectivology Service, Pescara General Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Romina Tripaldi
- Department of Medicine and Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sonia Ciotti
- Department of Medicine and Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Chieti, Italy
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40
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Lennol MP, Canelles S, Guerra-Cantera S, Argente J, García-Segura LM, de Ceballos ML, Chowen JA, Frago LM. Amyloid-β 1-40 differentially stimulates proliferation, activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in male and female hippocampal astrocyte cultures. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111462. [PMID: 33609535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and has a higher incidence in women. The main component of the senile plaques characteristic of AD is amyloid-beta (Aβ), with surrounding astrocytes contributing to the degenerative process. We hypothesized that the sex difference in the incidence of AD could be partially due to differential astrocytic responses to Aβ. Thus, the effect of Aβ1-40 on cell viability, the inflammatory response, and oxidative status was studied in cultures of hippocampal astrocytes from male and female rats. Aβ1-40 increased astrocyte viability in both female and male cultures by activating proliferation and survival pathways. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses were induced in astrocytes from both sexes. Aβ1-40 did not affect endoplasmic reticulum stress although it induced oxidative stress in male and female astrocytes. Interestingly, male astrocytes had an increase in cell number and significantly lower cell death in response to Aβ1-40. Conversely, astrocytes from females displayed a greater inflammatory response after the Aβ1-40 challenge. These results suggest that the inflammatory and oxidative environment induced by Aβ1-40 in female astrocytes may contribute to enhance the vulnerability to AD and warrants further studies to unveil the mechanisms underlying sex differences in astrocytic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Lennol
- Department of Paediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Paediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Paediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco 8, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Doctor Arce, 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain; CIBER de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - María L de Ceballos
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Doctor Arce, 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain; CIBER de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco 8, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Paediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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Roheger M, Kalbe E, Corbett A, Brooker H, Ballard C. Predictors of changes after reasoning training in healthy adults. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01861. [PMID: 32981211 PMCID: PMC7749593 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate predictors of performance changes and their time course in healthy older adults. DESIGN A post hoc analysis of a RCT investigating the effect of reasoning cognitive training (ReaCT) compared to an active control group (CG) during a time course. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS An online, home-based RCT including n = 4,310 healthy participants (ReaCT: n = 2,557; CG: n = 1,753) aged 50 years and older. METHODS Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate predictors (age, sex, education, severity of depression, number of training sessions the participants attended, and neuropsychological baseline values) of the outcome measures grammatical reasoning, working memory, digit vigilance, verbal short-term memory, and verbal learning at 6 weeks, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS Being female and lower education predicted improvements in grammatical reasoning scores at 6 weeks and 3 months of training. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Identifying predictors for nonpharmacological interventions may help to set up a personalized medicine approach in order to prevent cognitive decline in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Roheger
- Department of Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies & Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Department of Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies & Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Corbett
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Helen Brooker
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Fernández-Gonzalo S, Navarra-Ventura G, Bacardit N, Gomà Fernández G, de Haro C, Subirà C, López-Aguilar J, Magrans R, Sarlabous L, Aquino Esperanza J, Jodar M, Rué M, Ochagavía A, Palao DJ, Fernández R, Blanch L. Cognitive phenotypes 1 month after ICU discharge in mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective observational cohort study. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:618. [PMID: 33087171 PMCID: PMC7579874 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ICU patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation experience cognitive decline associated with their critical illness and its management. The early detection of different cognitive phenotypes might reveal the involvement of diverse pathophysiological mechanisms and help to clarify the role of the precipitating and predisposing factors. Our main objective is to identify cognitive phenotypes in critically ill survivors 1 month after ICU discharge using an unsupervised machine learning method, and to contrast them with the classical approach of cognitive impairment assessment. For descriptive purposes, precipitating and predisposing factors for cognitive impairment were explored. METHODS A total of 156 mechanically ventilated critically ill patients from two medical/surgical ICUs were prospectively studied. Patients with previous cognitive impairment, neurological or psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. Clinical variables were registered during ICU stay, and 100 patients were cognitively assessed 1 month after ICU discharge. The unsupervised machine learning K-means clustering algorithm was applied to detect cognitive phenotypes. Exploratory analyses were used to study precipitating and predisposing factors for cognitive impairment. RESULTS K-means testing identified three clusters (K) of patients with different cognitive phenotypes: K1 (n = 13), severe cognitive impairment in speed of processing (92%) and executive function (85%); K2 (n = 33), moderate-to-severe deficits in learning-memory (55%), memory retrieval (67%), speed of processing (36.4%) and executive function (33.3%); and K3 (n = 46), normal cognitive profile in 89% of patients. Using the classical approach, moderate-to-severe cognitive decline was recorded in 47% of patients, while the K-means method accurately classified 85.9%. The descriptive analysis showed significant differences in days (p = 0.016) and doses (p = 0.039) with opioid treatment in K1 vs. K2 and K3. In K2, there were more women, patients were older and had more comorbidities (p = 0.001) than in K1 or K3. Cognitive reserve was significantly (p = 0.001) higher in K3 than in K1 or K2. CONCLUSION One month after ICU discharge, three groups of patients with different cognitive phenotypes were identified through an unsupervised machine learning method. This novel approach improved the classical classification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors. In the exploratory analysis, gender, age and the level of cognitive reserve emerged as relevant predisposing factors for cognitive impairment in ICU patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02390024; March 17,2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Fernández-Gonzalo
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Guillem Navarra-Ventura
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Bacardit
- Mental Health Department, Fundació Althaia - Xarxa Assistencial I Universitaria, Manresa, Spain
| | - Gemma Gomà Fernández
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Candelaria de Haro
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Subirà
- Critical Care Center, Fundació Althai, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Manresa, Spain
| | - Josefina López-Aguilar
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leonardo Sarlabous
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jose Aquino Esperanza
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Jodar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Montse Rué
- Departament of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Health Services Research Network in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Ochagavía
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego J Palao
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mental Health Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, I3PT, UAB, Sabadel, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Critical Care Center, Fundació Althai, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Manresa, Spain
| | - Lluís Blanch
- Critical Care Center, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Fundació- I3PT, UAB, Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Kiselica AM, Kaser AN, Webber TA, Small BJ, Benge JF. Development and Preliminary Validation of Standardized Regression-Based Change Scores as Measures of Transitional Cognitive Decline. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:1168–1181. [PMID: 32710607 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increasing focus in Alzheimer's disease and aging research is to identify transitional cognitive decline. One means of indexing change over time in serial cognitive evaluations is to calculate standardized regression-based (SRB) change indices. This paper includes the development and preliminary validation of SRB indices for the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery, as well as base rate data to aid in their interpretation. METHOD The sample included 1,341 cognitively intact older adults with serial assessments over 0.5-2 years in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Database. SRB change scores were calculated in half of the sample and then validated in the other half of the sample. Base rates of SRB decline were evaluated at z-score cut-points, corresponding to two-tailed p-values of .20 (z = -1.282), .10 (z = -1.645), and .05 (z = -1.96). We examined convergent associations of SRB indices for each cognitive measure with each other as well as concurrent associations of SRB indices with clinical dementia rating sum of box scores (CDR-SB). RESULTS SRB equations were able to significantly predict the selected cognitive variables. The base rate of at least one significant SRB decline across the entire battery ranged from 26.70% to 58.10%. SRB indices for cognitive measures demonstrated theoretically expected significant positive associations with each other. Additionally, CDR-SB impairment was associated with an increasing number of significantly declined test scores. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides preliminary validation of SRB indices in a large sample, and we present a user-friendly tool for calculating SRB values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kiselica
- Division of Neuropsychology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa N Kaser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Brent J Small
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jared F Benge
- Division of Neuropsychology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Plummer Movement Disorders Center, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
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Roheger M, Folkerts AK, Krohm F, Skoetz N, Kalbe E. Prognostic Models for Changes in Memory Performance After Memory Training in Healthy Older Adults: a Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIdentifying individuals’ profiles of prognostic factors that predict improvements after nonpharmacological interventions such as memory trainings may help to not only predict individuals’ future outcomes after such intervention, but also tailor new trainings for individuals with specific characteristics. However, until now, no systematic review on prognostic models, defined as a set of multiple prognostic factors to predict a future outcome, for changes in memory performance after memory training exist. MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo were searched up to November 2019 to identify studies investigating prognostic models on verbal and non-verbal short- and long-term memory after conducting memory training in healthy older adults. The PROBAST tool was used to assess risk of bias. After screening n = 10,703 studies, n = 12 studies were included. These studies and the investigated statistical models are highly heterogeneous, so that conclusions are limited. However, one consistent result was that lower age combined with higher education seems to predict higher improvements after memory training. More studies on prognostic models for memory changes after memory training have to be conducted before clear conclusions which will help to tailor memory trainings to individuals’ profiles can be drawn. Registration: CRD42018105803, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO
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Action fluency identifies different sex, age, global cognition, executive function and brain activation profile in non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2020; 268:1036-1049. [PMID: 32997294 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties processing action words, which could be related to early cognitive decline. The action fluency test can be used to quickly and easily assess the processing of action words in PD. The goal of this study was to characterize how the action fluency test relates to personal characteristics, disease factors, cognition, and neural activity in PD. Forty-eight participants with PD (34 male, 14 female) and 35 control participants (16 male, 19 female) completed functional neuroimaging using a set-shifting task and a neuropsychological assessment including the action fluency test. PD participants with a score one standard deviation below the norm or lower on the action fluency test were identified. All PD participants with poor performance (PD-P, n = 15) were male. They were compared to male PD participants with scores within the normal range (PD-N, n = 19) and male healthy controls (HC, n = 16). PD-P were older, had lower global cognition scores, lower executive functions scores, and decreased activity in fronto-temporal regions compared with PD-N. There was no difference between the two PD groups in terms of the duration of the disease, dose of dopaminergic medication, and severity of motor symptoms. PD-N were younger than HC, but there was no other significant difference between these groups. The action fluency test identified a subgroup of PD patients with distinct sex, age, global cognition, executive functions, and brain activity characteristics. Implications for the evaluation of cognition are discussed.
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Roheger M, Kalbe E, Corbett A, Brooker H, Ballard C. Lower cognitive baseline scores predict cognitive training success after 6 months in healthy older adults: Results of an online RCT. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:1000-1008. [PMID: 32363656 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying predictors for general cognitive training (GCT) success in healthy older adults has many potential uses, including aiding intervention and improving individual dementia risk prediction, which are of high importance in health care. However, the factors that predict training improvements and the temporal course of predictors (eg, do the same prognostic factors predict training success after a short training period, such as 6 weeks, as well as after a longer training period, such as 6 months?) are largely unknown. METHODS Data (N = 4,184 healthy older individuals) from two arms (GCT vs. control) of a three-arm randomized controlled trial were reanalyzed to investigate predictors of GCT success in five cognitive tasks (grammatical reasoning, spatial working memory, digit vigilance, paired association learning, and verbal learning) at three time points (after 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months of training). Possible investigated predictors were sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, number of training sessions, cognitive baseline values, and all interaction terms (group*predictor). RESULTS Being female was predictive for improvement in grammatical reasoning at 6 weeks in the GCT group, and lower cognitive baseline scores were predictive for improvement in spatial working memory and verbal learning at 6 months. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that predictors seem to change over time; remarkably, lower baseline performance at study entry is only a significant predictor at 6 months training. Possible reasons for these results are discussed in relation to the compensation hypothesis. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:-, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Roheger
- Department of Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies & Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Department of Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies & Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Corbett
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Helen Brooker
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Scheuringer A, Harris TA, Pletzer B. Recruiting the right hemisphere: Sex differences in inter-hemispheric communication during semantic verbal fluency. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2020; 207:104814. [PMID: 32502896 PMCID: PMC7611590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in cognitive functions are heavily debated. Recent work suggests that sex differences do stem from different processing strategies utilized by men and women. While these processing strategies are likely reflected in different brain networks, so far the link between brain networks and processing strategies remains speculative. In the present study we seek for the first time to link sex differences in brain activation patterns to sex differences in processing strategies utilizing a semantic verbal fluency task in a large sample of 35 men and 35 women, all scanned thrice. For verbal fluency, strategies of clustering and switching have been described. Our results show that men show higher activation in the brain network supporting clustering, while women show higher activation in the brain network supporting switching. Furthermore, converging evidence from activation results, lateralization indices and connectivity analyses suggests that men recruit the right hemisphere more strongly during clustering, but women during switching. These results may explain findings of differential performance and strategy-use in previous behavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scheuringer
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ti-Anni Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Belinda Pletzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Ardekani BA, Izadi NO, Hadid SA, Meftah AM, Bachman AH. Effects of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E genotype on hippocampal parenchymal fraction in cognitively normal older adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 301:111107. [PMID: 32416384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for timely interventions and developing new treatments. Hippocampus atrophy is an early biomarker of AD. The hippocampal parenchymal fraction (HPF) is a promising measure of hippocampal structural integrity computed from structural MRI. It is important to characterize the dependence of HPF on covariates such as age and sex in the normal population to enhance its utility as a disease biomarker. We measured the HPF in 4239 structural MRI scans from 340 cognitively normal (CN) subjects aged 59-89 years from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative database, and studied its dependence on age, sex, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, brain hemisphere, intracranial volume (ICV), and education using a linear mixed-effects model. In this CN cohort, HPF was inversely associated with ICV; was greater on the right hemisphere compared to left in both sexes with the degree of right > left asymmetry being slightly more pronounced in men; declined quadratically with age and faster in APOE ϵ4 carriers compared to non-carriers; and was significantly associated with cognitive ability. Consideration of HPF as an AD biomarker should be in conjunction with other subject attributes that are shown in this research to influence HPF levels in CN older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak A Ardekani
- Center for Brain Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Neema O Izadi
- Center for Brain Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Somar A Hadid
- Center for Brain Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Amir M Meftah
- Center for Brain Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Alvin H Bachman
- Center for Brain Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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Li G, Zhang S, Le TM, Tang X, Li CSR. Neural responses to negative facial emotions: Sex differences in the correlates of individual anger and fear traits. Neuroimage 2020; 221:117171. [PMID: 32682098 PMCID: PMC7789231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have examined sex differences in emotion processing in health and illness. However, it remains unclear how these neural processes may relate to individual differences in affective traits. We addressed this issue with a dataset of 970 subjects (508 women) curated from the Human Connectome Project. Participants were assessed with the NIH Toolbox Emotion Measures and fMRI while identifying negative facial emotion and neutral shape targets in alternating blocks. Imaging data were analyzed with published routines and the results were reported at a corrected threshold. Men scored similarly in Anger- but lower in Fear-Affect, as compared to women. Men as compared with women engaged the occipital-temporal visual cortex, retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and both anterior and posterior cingulate cortex to a greater extent during face versus shape identification. Women relative to men engaged higher activation of bilateral middle frontal cortex. In regional brain responses to face versus shape identification, men relative to women showed more significant modulations by both Anger- and Fear- Affect traits. The left RSC and right RSC/precuneus each demonstrated activities during face vs. shape identification in negative correlation with Anger- and Fear- Affect scores in men only. Anger affect was positively correlated with prolonged RT in identifying face vs. shape target in men but not women. In contrast, women relative to men showed higher Fear-Affect score and higher activation in the right middle frontal cortex, which was more strongly correlated with prolonged RT during face vs. shape identification. Together, men and women with higher Fear-Affect demonstrated lower accuracy in identifying negative facial emotion versus neutral shape target, a relationship mediated by activity of the RSC. These findings add to the literature of sex and trait individual differences in emotion processing and may help research of sex-shared and sex-specific behavioral and neural markers of emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of technology, 715-3 Teaching Building No.5, Beijing Institute of technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of technology, 715-3 Teaching Building No.5, Beijing Institute of technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Kiselica AM, Webber TA, Benge JF. The Uniform Dataset 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery: Factor Structure, Invariance Testing, and Demographically Adjusted Factor Score Calculation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2020; 26:576-586. [PMID: 32063246 PMCID: PMC7319897 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772000003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to (1) specify the factor structure of the Uniform Dataset 3.0 neuropsychological battery (UDS3NB) in cognitively unimpaired older adults, (2) establish measurement invariance for this model, and (3) create a normative calculator for factor scores. METHODS Data from 2520 cognitively intact older adults were submitted to confirmatory factor analyses and invariance testing across sex, age, and education. Additionally, a subsample of this dataset was used to examine invariance over time using 1-year follow-up data (n = 1061). With the establishment of metric invariance of the UDS3NB measures, factor scores could be extracted uniformly for the entire normative sample. Finally, a calculator was created for deriving demographically adjusted factor scores. RESULTS A higher order model of cognition yielded the best fit to the data χ2(47) = 385.18, p < .001, comparative fit index = .962, Tucker-Lewis Index = .947, root mean square error of approximation = .054, and standardized root mean residual = .036. This model included a higher order general cognitive abilities factor, as well as lower order processing speed/executive, visual, attention, language, and memory factors. Age, sex, and education were significantly associated with factor score performance, evidencing a need for demographic correction when interpreting factor scores. A user-friendly Excel calculator was created to accomplish this goal and is available in the online supplementary materials. CONCLUSIONS The UDS3NB is best characterized by a higher order factor structure. Factor scores demonstrate at least metric invariance across time and demographic groups. Methods for calculating these factors scores are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kiselica
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Troy A Webber
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Mental Health Care Line, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared F Benge
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Plummer Movement Disorders Center, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
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