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Morrissey S, Gillings R, Hornberger M. Feasibility and reliability of online vs in-person cognitive testing in healthy older people. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309006. [PMID: 39163365 PMCID: PMC11335153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early evidence in using online cognitive assessments show that they could offer a feasible and resource-efficient alternative to in-person clinical assessments in evaluating cognitive performance, yet there is currently little understanding about how these assessments relate to traditional, in-person cognitive tests. OBJECTIVES In this preliminary study, we assess the feasibility and reliability of NeurOn, a novel online cognitive assessment tool. NeurOn measures various cognitive domains including processing speed, executive functioning, spatial working memory, episodic memory, attentional control, visuospatial functioning, and spatial orientation. DESIGN Thirty-two participants (mean age: 70.19) completed two testing sessions, unsupervised online and in-person, one-week apart. Participants were randomised in the order of testing appointments. For both sessions, participants completed questionnaires prior to a cognitive assessment. Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the online cognitive battery was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and correlational analysis, respectively. This was conducted by comparing performance in repeated tasks across testing sessions as well as with traditional, in-person cognitive tests. RESULTS Global cognition in the NeurOn battery moderately validated against MoCA performance, and the battery demonstrated moderate test-retest reliability. Concurrent validity was found only between the online and paper versions of the Trail Making Test -A, as well as global cognitive performance between online and in-person testing sessions. CONCLUSIONS The NeurOn cognitive battery provides a promising tool for measuring cognitive performance online both longitudinally and across short retesting intervals within healthy older adults. When considering cost-effectiveness, flexible administration, and improved accessibility for wider populations, online cognitive assessments show promise for future screening of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Morrissey
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Adriasola A, Torres SC, Cañada Y, Chicchi Giglioli IA, García-Blanco A, Sierra P, López-Cerveró M, Chloe BR, Navalón P, Mariano AR. Assessing Executive Functioning in Schizophrenia: Concurrent and Discriminative Validity of a Novel Virtual Cooking Task. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:571-581. [PMID: 38860351 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in executive functions (EF) are strongly related to real-life functioning and negative symptoms (NS) in schizophrenia. Recently, virtual reality has enabled more ecologically valid approaches to assess EF in simulated "real-life" scenarios among which the virtual cooking task (VCT) has gained attention. However, the clinical implications of the VCT in schizophrenia have not been investigated exhaustively. In this study, clinically stable individuals with schizophrenia (n = 38) and healthy controls (n = 42) completed a novel VCT and a set of computerized standard EF tools (CST) to primarily investigate concurrent and discriminant validity. In addition, the study explored links between EF assessments, functioning, and NS while controlling for antipsychotic intake, clinical stability, and age. This VCT consisted of four tasks with increasing difficulty and time constraints. The most relevant findings indicate that (1) the VCT showed moderate to strong correlations with CST, (2) the VCT discriminated EF performance between both the groups, (3) the VCT predicted interpersonal functioning, and (4) the VCT predicted NS in greater extent than CST. Accordingly, the findings give support to the concurrent and discriminant validity of the VCT to assess EF and indicate its value to deepen the study of collateral functional deficits and NS in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Adriasola
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio C Torres
- Human-Centred Technology Institute (Human-tech), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cañada
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Mental Health Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ana García-Blanco
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Mental Health Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sierra
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Mental Health Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María López-Cerveró
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanes Rodríguez Chloe
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Navalón
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Mental Health Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alcañiz Raya Mariano
- Human-Centred Technology Institute (Human-tech), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Tsiaras Y, Koutsonida M, Varthi MA, Galliou I, Zoubouli C, Aretouli E. Development of a self-administered online battery for remote assessment of executive functions and verbal memory: equivalence with face-to-face administration, preliminary norms, and acceptance. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2024; 46:599-613. [PMID: 38984860 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2376839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interest in teleneuropsychology services increased considerably after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the utility of unsupervised administration of computerized tests remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we developed a brief computerized battery that assesses self-reported cognitive abilities and performances on executive functioning and verbal memory. We investigated the equivalence of the self-administration online (SAO) procedure and the face-to-face (FTF) administration. Preliminary normative data were developed and the acceptance of the SAO procedure was explored. METHODS A community sample of 169 Greek adults [94 women; mean age: 41.95 (SD = 13.40) years, mean years of education: 15.10 (SD = 2.65)] completed the SAO assessment. A subgroup of 40 participants was tested in a counterbalanced way both with SAO and FTF. Participants' performances were compared with paired sample t-tests and the agreement between the two methods was estimated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Multiple linear regression analyses were applied to investigate the effect of demographic characteristics on SAO measures. RESULTS No difference between SAO and FTF scores was observed. ICCs indicated moderate to good agreement (.418-.848) for most measures. Age was positively associated with self-reported cognitive state and negatively with neuropsychological performances and the level of acceptance of the SAO procedure. Approximately 80% of participants reported satisfaction from the SAO assessment, 69% good compliance with the instructions, but less than 30% belief that the FTF assessment could be adequately replaced. CONCLUSION SAO testing is feasible and well accepted among Greek adults yielding equivalent results with FTF testing. Despite the wide satisfaction, though, notable reluctance was noted for the substitution of FTF with SAO procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Tsiaras
- Department of Psychology, School of the Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Psychiatric Department, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Myrto Koutsonida
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria-Ameriso Varthi
- Department of Psychology, School of the Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Iliana Galliou
- Department of Psychology, School of the Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Zoubouli
- Department of Psychology, School of the Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Aretouli
- Department of Psychology, School of the Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Isernia S, Pirastru A, Rossetto F, Cacciatore DM, Cazzoli M, Blasi V, Baksh RA, MacPherson SE, Baglio F. Human reasoning on social interactions in ecological contexts: insights from the theory of mind brain circuits. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1420122. [PMID: 39176386 PMCID: PMC11339883 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1420122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between neural social cognition patterns and performance on social cognition tasks in daily life is a topic of debate, with key consideration given to the extent to which theory of mind (ToM) brain circuits share properties reflecting everyday social functioning. To test the efficacy of ecological stimuli in eliciting brain activation within the ToM brain circuits, we adapted the Edinburgh Social Cognition test social scenarios, consisting of dynamic ecological contextually embedded social stimuli, to a fMRI paradigm. Methods Forty-two adults (21 men, mean age ± SD = 34.19 years ±12.57) were enrolled and underwent an fMRI assessment which consisted of a ToM task using the Edinburgh Social Cognition test scenarios. We used the same stimuli to prompt implicit (movie viewing) and explicit (silent and two-choice answers) reasoning on cognitive and affective mental states. The fMRI analysis was based on the classical random effect analysis. Group inferences were complemented with supplemental analyses using overlap maps to assess inter-subject variability. Results We found that explicit mentalizing reasoning yielded wide neural activations when two-choice answers were used. We also observed that the nature of ToM reasoning, that is, affective or cognitive, played a significant role in activating different neural circuits. Discussion The ESCoT stimuli were particularly effective in evoking ToM core neural underpinnings and elicited executive frontal loops. Future work may employ the task in a clinical setting to investigate ToM network reorganization and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isernia
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Pirastru
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Cazzoli
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Blasi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Asaad Baksh
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- The LonDownS Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. MacPherson
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Barnett M, Persin M, Boynton H. The effects of task novelty for age cohort and cognition level on memory for everyday virtual meal preparation tasks. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39067004 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2377383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Nonsensical information increases task novelty, which makes it difficult to rely on previous learning and provides insight into the learning of new tasks. This study investigated procedural-based action scripts in everyday memory for meal preparation tasks in virtual reality. The sample (N = 171) consisted of 3 groups determined by age and cognitive function: young adults (YA; n = 61), older adults with normal cognition (OA; n = 82), and older adults with impaired cognition (IC; n = 28). The three groups completed the Virtual Kitchen Protocol, a virtual reality-based measure of learning and memory for cooking both familiar and nonsensical meals. Results showed that YAs had a greater recall for both familiar and nonsensical meals than OAs or ICs. Additionally, novel stimuli (i.e., nonsensical meal tasks) appear to impact older adults more than young adults. Among older adults, impaired cognition was associated with lower performance on both the sensical and nonsensical meals compared to normal cognition. All three groups performed better on familiar tasks than nonsensical tasks. These results were consistent with the notion that familiarity may be of greater use than novelty in the context of procedural-based action scripts.
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Baruzzo E, Terruzzi S, Feder B, Papagno C, Smirni D. Verbal and non-verbal recognition memory assessment: validation of a computerized version of the Recognition Memory Test. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1979-1988. [PMID: 38129589 PMCID: PMC11021307 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of computerized devices for neuropsychological assessment (CNADs) as an effective alternative to the traditional pencil-and-paper modality has recently increased exponentially, both in clinical practice and research, especially due to the pandemic. However, several authors underline that the computerized modality requires the same psychometric validity as "in-presence" tests. The current study aimed at building and validating a computerized version of the verbal and non-verbal recognition memory test (RMT) for words, unknown faces and buildings. METHODS Seventy-two healthy Italian participants, with medium-high education and ability to proficiently use computerized systems, were enrolled. The sample was subdivided into six groups, one for each age decade. Twelve neurological patients with mixed aetiology, age and educational level were also recruited. Both the computerized and the paper-and-pencil versions of the RMT were administered in two separate sessions. RESULTS In healthy participants, the computerized and the paper-and-pencil versions of the RMT showed statistical equivalence for words, unknown faces and buildings. In the neurological patients, no statistical difference was found between the performance at the two versions of the RMT. A moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability between the two versions was also found in both samples. Finally, the computerized version of the RMT was perceived as acceptable by both healthy participants and neurological patients at System Usability Scale (SUS). CONCLUSION The computerized version of the RMT can be used as a reliable alternative to the traditional version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Baruzzo
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences-CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Stefano Terruzzi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences-CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Beatrice Feder
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences-CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Costanza Papagno
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences-CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Daniela Smirni
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Msika EF, Despres M, Piolino P, Narme P. Dynamic and/or multimodal assessments for social cognition in neuropsychology: Results from a systematic literature review. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:922-962. [PMID: 37904259 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2266172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Despite the prevalence of socio-cognitive disturbances, and their important diagnostic/therapeutic implications, the assessment of these disturbances remains scarce. This systematic review aims to identify available social cognition tools for adult assessment that use multimodal and/or dynamic social cues, specifying their strengths and limitations (e.g. from a methodological, psychometric, ecological, and clinical perspective). Method: An electronic search was conducted in Pubmed, PsychINFO, Embase and Scopus databases for articles published up to the 3th of January 2023 and the first 200 Google Scholar results on the same date. The PRISMA methodology was applied, 3884 studies were screened based on title and abstract and 329 full texts were screened. Articles using pseudo-dynamic methodologies (e.g. morphing), reported only subjective or self-reported measures, or investigated only physiological or brain activity responses were excluded. Results: In total, 149 works were included in this review, representing 65 assessment tools (i.e. 48% studying emotion recognition (n = 31), 32% Theory of Mind (n = 21), 5% empathy (n = 3), 1.5% moral cognition/social reasoning (n = 1), and 14% being multimodal (n = 9)). For each study, the tool's main characteristics, psychometric properties, ecological validity indicators and available norms are reported. The tools are presented according to social-cognitive process assessed and communication channels used. Conclusions: This study highlights the lack of validated and standardized tools. A few tools appear to partially meet some clinical needs. The development of methodologies using a first-person paradigm and taking into account the multidimensional nature of social cognition seems a relevant research endeavour for greater ecological validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Flore Msika
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Mathilde Despres
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Pauline Narme
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Finn S, Aliyianis T, Beattie B, Boissé Lomax L, Shukla G, Scott SH, Winston GP. Robotic assessment of sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 151:109613. [PMID: 38183928 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) frequently demonstrate impairments in executive function, working memory, and/or declarative memory. It is recommended that screening for cognitive impairment is undertaken in all people newly diagnosed with epilepsy. However, standard neuropsychological assessments are a limited resource and thus not available to all. Our study investigated the use of robotic technology (the Kinarm robot) for cognitive screening. METHODS 27 participants with TLE (17 left) underwent both a brief neuropsychological screening and a robotic (Kinarm) assessment. The degree of impairments and correlations between standardized scores from both approaches to assessments were analysed across different neurocognitive domains. Performance was compared between people with left and right TLE to look for laterality effects. Finally, the association between the duration of epilepsy and performance was assessed. RESULTS Across the 6 neurocognitive domains (attention, executive function, language, memory, motor and visuospatial) assessed by our neuropsychological screening, all showed scores that significantly correlated with Kinarm tasks assessing the same cognitive domains except language and memory that were not adequately assessed with Kinarm. Participants with right TLE performed worse on most tasks than those with left TLE, including both visuospatial (typically considered right hemisphere), and verbal memory and language tasks (typically considered left hemisphere). No correlations were found between the duration of epilepsy and either the neuropsychological screening or Kinarm assessment. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that Kinarm may be a useful tool in screening for neurocognitive impairment in people with TLE. Further development may facilitate an easier and more rapid screening of cognition in people with epilepsy and distinguishing patterns of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Finn
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | | | - Brooke Beattie
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Lysa Boissé Lomax
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Garima Shukla
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Gavin P Winston
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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Varkanitsa M, Kiran S. Insights gained over 60 years on factors shaping post-stroke aphasia recovery: A commentary on Vignolo (1964). Cortex 2024; 170:90-100. [PMID: 38123405 PMCID: PMC10962385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aphasia is an acquired language disorder resulting from brain injury, including strokes which is the most common etiology, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, traumatic brain injury, and resective surgery. Aphasia affects a significant portion of stroke survivors, with approximately one third experiencing its debilitating effects in the long term. Despite its challenges, there is growing evidence that recovery from aphasia is possible, even in the chronic phase of stroke. Sixty years ago, Vignolo (1964) outlined the primary challenges confronted by researchers in this field. These challenges encompassed the absence of an objective evaluation of language difficulties, the scarcity of evidence regarding spontaneous aphasia recovery, and the presence of numerous variables that could potentially influence the process of aphasia recovery. In this paper, we discuss the remarkable progress that has been made in the assessment of language and communication in aphasia as well as in understanding the factors influencing post-stroke aphasia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swathi Kiran
- Center for Brain Recovery, Boston University, USA
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10
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Tuerk C, Saha T, Bouchard MF, Booij L. Computerized Cognitive Test Batteries for Children and Adolescents-A Scoping Review of Tools For Lab- and Web-Based Settings From 2000 to 2021. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:1683-1710. [PMID: 37259540 PMCID: PMC10681451 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive functioning is essential to well-being. Since cognitive difficulties are common in many disorders, their early identification is critical, notably during childhood and adolescence. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive literature overview of computerized cognitive test batteries (CCTB) that have been developed and used in children and adolescents over the past 22 years and to evaluate their psychometric properties. METHOD Among 3192 records identified from three databases (PubMed, PsycNET, and Web of Science) between 2000 and 2021, 564 peer-reviewed articles conducted in children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years met inclusion criteria. Twenty main CCTBs were identified and further reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. Relevant study details (sample information, topic, location, setting, norms, and psychometrics) were extracted, as well as administration and instrument characteristics for the main CCTBs. RESULTS Findings suggest that CCTB use varies according to age, location, and topic, with eight tools accounting for 85% of studies, and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) being most frequently used. Few instruments were applied in web-based settings or include social cognition tasks. Only 13% of studies reported psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS Over the past two decades, a high number of computerized cognitive batteries have been developed. Among these, more validation studies are needed, particularly across diverse cultural contexts. This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of CCTBs to aid both researchers and clinicians to conduct cognitive assessments in children in either a lab- or web-based setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Tuerk
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Trisha Saha
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 Park Avenue, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 Park Avenue, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 531 des Prairies Blvd, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
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Martínez-Pernía D, Olavarría L, Fernández-Manjón B, Cabello V, Henríquez F, Robert P, Alvarado L, Barría S, Antivilo A, Velasquez J, Cerda M, Farías G, Torralva T, Ibáñez A, Parra MA, Gilbert S, Slachevsky A. The limitations and challenges in the assessment of executive dysfunction associated with real-world functioning: The opportunity of serious games. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-17. [PMID: 36827177 PMCID: PMC11177293 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2174438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a broad range of methods for detecting and evaluating executive dysfunction ranging from clinical interview to neuropsychological evaluation. Nevertheless, a critical issue of these assessments is the lack of correspondence of the neuropsychological test's results with real-world functioning. This paper proposes serious games as a new framework to improve the neuropsychological assessment of real-world functioning. We briefly discuss the contribution and limitations of current methods of evaluation of executive dysfunction (paper-and-pencil tests, naturalistic observation methods, and Information and Communications Technologies) to inform on daily life functioning. Then, we analyze what are the limitations of these methods to predict real-world performance: (1) A lack of appropriate instruments to investigate the complexity of real-world functioning, (2) the vast majority of neuropsychological tests assess well-structured tasks, and (3) measurement of behaviors are based on simplistic data collection and statistical analysis. This work shows how serious games offer an opportunity to develop more efficient tools to detect executive dysfunction in everyday life contexts. Serious games provide meaningful narrative stories and virtual or real environments that immerse the user in natural and social environments with social interactions. In those highly interactive game environments, the player needs to adapt his/her behavioral performance to novel and ill-structured tasks which are suited for collecting user interaction evidence. Serious games offer a novel opportunity to develop better tools to improve diagnosis of the executive dysfunction in everyday life contexts. However, more research is still needed to implement serious games in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martínez-Pernía
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center (CMYN), Memory Unit - Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Olavarría
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center (CMYN), Memory Unit - Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Victoria Cabello
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Biomedical Science Institute, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Henríquez
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center (CMYN), Memory Unit - Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Biomedical Science Institute, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Evolutionary Neuroscience (LaNCE), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philippe Robert
- Cognition Behavior Technology (CoBTeK) Lab, FRIS-Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Luís Alvarado
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental Norte, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvia Barría
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurologicas Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, and Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Antivilo
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurologicas Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, and Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Velasquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Web Intelligence Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Farías
- Department of Neurology North, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for advanced clinical research (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Teresa Torralva
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mario A Parra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sam Gilbert
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center (CMYN), Memory Unit - Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Biomedical Science Institute, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Sagaspe P, Amieva H, Dartigues JF, Olive J, de la Rivière JB, Chartier C, Taillard J, Philip P. Validity and diagnostic performance of a virtual reality-based supermarket application "MEMOSHOP" for assessing episodic memory in normal and pathological aging. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231218808. [PMID: 38144175 PMCID: PMC10748669 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231218808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective MEMOSHOP is a virtual reality (VR)-based supermarket application for assessing episodic memory in aging. The aim of this study was to examine its construct validity against the gold standard paper-and-pencil neuropsychological test for clinical memory assessment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. Methods Patients with isolated subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) or MCI were recruited in the Bordeaux Memory Clinic (MEMENTO cohort). Cognitively normal elderly controls were also recruited. MEMOSHOP allows a near-ecological evaluation of episodic memory during a usual daily life activity, i.e. shopping at the supermarket. MEMOSHOP and the gold standard Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT: French adaptation) were administered to all participants to assess episodic memory. Non-parametric tests and receiver operating characteristic curves were computed to compare their performances. Results Twenty-nine patients (21 females, age = 71 years ±7) and 29 matched controls were evaluated. The performance trends observed with MEMOSHOP and FCSRT on free and cued recall were associated (p < .01) and comparable (p < .0001), without any participants' groups interaction. Although easier than FCSRT in free recall for participants, MEMOSHOP demonstrated better diagnostic performance based on cued recall in isolated SCCs/MCI patients (p < .05). Conclusion MEMOSHOP demonstrated its reliability and validity for VR-based episodic memory assessment in the early stage of MCI and is potentially of interest for use in memory clinic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sagaspe
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 6033 SANPSY Sommeil, Addiction et NeuroPSYchiatrie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- CMRR, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- CMRR, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Olive
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 6033 SANPSY Sommeil, Addiction et NeuroPSYchiatrie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Taillard
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 6033 SANPSY Sommeil, Addiction et NeuroPSYchiatrie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Philip
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 6033 SANPSY Sommeil, Addiction et NeuroPSYchiatrie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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13
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A. P. P. TAM battery: Development and pilot testing of a Tamil computer-assisted cognitive test battery for older adults. Clin Neuropsychol 2022:1-20. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2156396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Playful Testing of Executive Functions with Yellow-Red: Tablet-Based Battery for Children between 6 and 11. J Intell 2022; 10:jintelligence10040125. [PMID: 36547512 PMCID: PMC9783916 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions are psychological processes of great importance for proper functioning in various areas of human development, including academic performance. For this reason, from both clinical and educational perspectives, there is great interest in how they are assessed. This article describes the development and standardization process of Yellow-Red, an instrument for directly assessing executive functions in children between 6 and 11 years of age in a playful format using digital support. The test was based on a three-factor model of executive functioning: inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Yellow-Red comprises six subtests: cognitive inhibition, behavioral inhibition, auditory working memory, visual working memory, cognitive flexibility, and a global assessment test of executive functions. The test was administered to 245 boys and girls between 6 and 11 years of age. Along with the Yellow-Red subtests, gold standard tests were applied for each of the executive functions assessed. The test's psychometric properties are powerful in both reliability and validity evidence. The reliability indices are all greater than 0.8. As evidence of convergent validity, correlations were established between the tests, and the tests considered gold standards. All correlations were significant, with values ranging between 0.42 and 0.73. On the other hand, the factor structure of the test was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Although it is possible to demonstrate the progressive differentiation of the factor structure with age, it was only possible to find two factors at older ages, one for inhibition/flexibility and one for working memory.
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15
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Zonneveld AK, Serpell Z, Parr T, Ellefson MR. Executive function measurement in urban schools: Exploring links between performance-based metrics and teacher ratings. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13319. [PMID: 36106899 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
When compared to research centered on the executive function development of white, middle-class children, relatively little is known about their non-white, low socioeconomic status peers. In an effort to harmonize how executive functions are measured within under-represented contexts, the present study addresses gaps in the evaluation of everyday executive functioning to better understand whether behavior rating scales completed by teachers (BASC2EF - BASC executive function scale, 2nd edition; BASC3EF - BASC executive function scale, 3rd edition) capture distinctions between performance-based measures. This study includes two large samples of older, ethnic minority children from high-poverty backgrounds (Sample 1. N = 243; Mage = 9.28 years, SDage = 0.80; nfemale = 125; nAfricanAmerican = 216, nLatinAmerican = 15, nAsianAmerican = 6; Sample 2. N = 229; Mage = 10.02 years, SDage = 1.01; nfemale = 120; nAfricanAmerican = 132, nLatinAmerican = 92, nWhite = 3, nPacificIslander = 1). Based on structural equation models testing the links between computerized performance-based measures and the teacher rating scales, the results indicate that BASC2EF in its original form might be a good fit for some populations but there is not a strong factor structure for the current high-poverty samples. In addition, post-hoc analyses suggest that only including BASC2EF items also in BASC3EF or using BASC3EF is best practice for high-poverty populations. BASC3EF seems better able to capture different components of performance-driven tasks, whereas BASC2EF captures overall executive functioning better than individual tasks. These findings encourage continued questioning surrounding metrics used to assess everyday executive functions in older children from diverse backgrounds. HIGHLIGHTS: This study explores whether teacher ratings of children's everyday executive functioning (using standardized behavior rating scales) capture distinctions between performance-based measures. Results indicate that BASC2EF teacher rating scale (Karr & Garcia-Barrera, 2017) is not a good representation of everyday executive function behaviors by children from schools in high-poverty communities. The findings suggest that restricting BASC2EF analyses to only items included in BASC3EF (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2015) or using BASC3EF for high-poverty populations. BASC3EF seems better able to capture the different components of performance-driven tasks, whereas BASC2EF captures overall executive functioning better than individual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zewelanji Serpell
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Teresa Parr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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16
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Robbins RN, Santoro AF, Ferraris C, Asiedu N, Liu J, Dolezal C, Malee KM, Mellins CA, Paul R, Thongpibul K, Puthanakit T, Aurpibul L. Adaptation and construct validity evaluation of a tablet-based, short neuropsychological test battery for use with adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Thailand. Neuropsychology 2022; 36:695-708. [PMID: 35980694 PMCID: PMC9897317 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits in neurocognitive functioning are common among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV). Limitations of traditional neuropsychological tests hinder assessment of neurocognition in low- and middle-income countries where most AYA with PHIV reside. Computerized testing could make assessment of neurocognition more accessible in these countries. This study examined a culturally modified NeuroScreen, a tablet-based neurocognitive testing app, for use in Thailand. Construct validity was examined among Thai AYA (13-23 years) with and without PHIV. METHOD NeuroScreen underwent adaptation including language, content, and usability review by Thai psychologists, AYA, and clinical staff. One hundred Thai AYA (50 PHIV; 50 HIV-uninfected, matched controls) were administered the adapted NeuroScreen and a battery of traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests. Correlations, mean differences, and proportions with impaired performance were examined across NeuroScreen and the traditional tests. RESULTS The Thai version of NeuroScreen was deemed understandable and culturally appropriate. A large correlation (.82) between overall performance on the NeuroScreen and traditional batteries was observed. Small-to-large correlations were found between conceptually similar NeuroScreen and traditional tests of processing speed, working memory, motor speed, and executive functioning. Mean test performance differences between AYA with PHIV and controls were similar between test batteries. Both sets of tests identified similar rates of impaired participants. CONCLUSIONS Results provide support for the acceptability and construct validity of the Thai NeuroScreen tests to assess neurocognition in Thai AYA with PHIV. An easy-to-use tool to assess neurocognition can help Thai providers provide better care for AYA with PHIV. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nana Asiedu
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies
| | - Jun Liu
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
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Marques-Costa C, Simões MR, Almiro PA, Prieto G, Salomé Pinho M. Integrating Technology in Neuropsychological Assessment. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Although neuropsychological assessments include some measures that are administered, scored, or interpreted using new technologies, most researchers in this area advocate that more technology should be integrated. The current situation in neuropsychological assessment may be conceptualized as triggering a crisis leading to a paradigm shift, as there is some resistance to adopting more technology. In this paper, the context of the present crisis in neuropsychological assessment, the main obstacles, and new developments will be discussed. An example of a new computerized assessment tool, the NIH Toolbox, is highlighted. Also addressed are potential issues: in the assessment with tablets illustrating it with the older adult population and how to ensure the compatibility of data collected through these devices within the framework of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Recommendations for research, test development, and clinical practice are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques-Costa
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário R. Simões
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Almiro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Psychology (CIP), Autonomous University Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gerardo Prieto
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Salomé Pinho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Memory, Language, and Executive Functions Laboratory, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Mohai K, Kálózi-Szabó C, Jakab Z, Fecht SD, Domonkos M, Botzheim J. Development of an Adaptive Computer-Aided Soft Sensor Diagnosis System for Assessment of Executive Functions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155880. [PMID: 35957437 PMCID: PMC9371402 DOI: 10.3390/s22155880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to highlight the role of technological (soft sensor) methodologies in the assessment of the neurocognitive dysfunctions specific to neurodevelopmental disorders (for example, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and specific learning disorder). In many cases neurocognitive dysfunctions can be detected in neurodevelopmental disorders, some of them having a well-defined syndrome-specific clinical pattern. A number of evidence-based neuropsychological batteries are available for identifying these domain-specific functions. Atypical patterns of cognitive functions such as executive functions are present in almost all developmental disorders. In this paper, we present a novel adaptation of the Tower of London Test, a widely used neuropsychological test for assessing executive functions (in particular planning and problem-solving). Our version, the Tower of London Adaptive Test, is based on computer adaptive test theory (CAT). Adaptive testing using novel algorithms and parameterized task banks allows the immediate evaluation of the participant's response which in turn determines the next task's difficulty level. In this manner, the subsequent item is adjusted to the participant's estimated capability. The adaptive procedure enhances the original test's diagnostic power and sensitivity. By measuring the targeted cognitive capacity and its limitations more precisely, it leads to more accurate diagnoses. In some developmental disorders (e.g., ADHD, ASD) it could be very useful in improving the diagnosis, planning the right interventions, and choosing the most suitable assistive digital technological service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Mohai
- Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Institute for the Psychology of Special Needs, Eötvös Loránd University, Ecseri út 3, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kálózi-Szabó
- Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Institute for the Psychology of Special Needs, Eötvös Loránd University, Ecseri út 3, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakab
- Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Institute for the Psychology of Special Needs, Eötvös Loránd University, Ecseri út 3, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Dávid Fecht
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Informatics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Domonkos
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Informatics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Botzheim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Informatics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Facal D, Spuch C, Valladares-Rodriguez S. New Trends in Cognitive Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7040080. [PMID: 36005256 PMCID: PMC9408095 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Facal
- Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, and CIBERSAM, ISCIII, 36213 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Sonia Valladares-Rodriguez
- Artificial Intelligence Department, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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20
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Comparison of Traditional and Virtual Reality-Based Episodic Memory Performance in Clinical and Non-Clinical Cohorts. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081019. [PMID: 36009083 PMCID: PMC9406179 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II) and the Virtual Environment Grocery Store (VEGS) use list learning and recognition tasks to assess episodic memory. This study aims to: (1) Replicate prior construct validity results among a new sample of young adults and healthy older adults; (2) Extend this work to a clinical sample of older adults with a neurocognitive diagnosis; (3) Compare CVLT-II and VEGS performance among these groups; and (4) Validate the independence of CVLT and VEGS episodic memory performance measures from executive functioning performance measures. Typically developing young adults (n = 53) and older adults (n = 85), as well as older adults with a neurocognitive diagnosis (n = 18), were administered the CVLT-II, VEGS, and D-KEFS CWIT. Results found that (1) the relationship of the VEGS and CVLT-II measures was highly correlated on all variables, (2) compared to the CVLT-II, participants (particularly older adults) recalled fewer items on the VEGS, and (3) the CVLT-II and VEGS were generally independent of D-KEFS CWIT. It appeared that the VEGS may be more difficult than the CVLT-II, possibly reflecting the word length effect. Performance may have also been impacted by the presence of everyday distractors in the virtual environment.
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21
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Martins PSR, Barbosa-Pereira D, Valgas-Costa M, Mansur-Alves M. Item analysis of the Child Neuropsychological Assessment Test (TENI): Classical test theory and item response theory. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2022; 11:339-349. [PMID: 33211976 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1846128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Test de Evaluación Neuropsicologica Infantil (TENI) using classical test theory (CTT), item response theory (IRT), and differential item functioning (DIF) models. The visuospatial working memory, focused attention, and matrix reasoning subtasks were analyzed. A total of 553 children, aged between 3 and 9 years of age, from eight public and private schools from the urban area of Belo Horizonte were assessed. In general, all subtasks can be treated essentially as unidimensional. Items' discrimination and difficulties increased in the order of presentation, as they were planned, using CTT and IRT. Items with DIF were found in all tasks, with higher probabilities of answering items correctly for boys and for private school children. Our results corroborated the partial use of some TENI subtasks as a promising digital instrument for non-verbal neuropsychological assessment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S R Martins
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcela Mansur-Alves
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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22
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Cizman Staba U, Klun T, Stojmenova K, Jakus G, Sodnik J. Consistency of neuropsychological and driving simulator assessment after neurological impairment. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022; 29:829-838. [PMID: 32898437 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1815747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in attentional and executive functioning may interfere with driving ability and result in a lower level of fitness to drive. Studies show mixed results in relation to the consistency of neuropsychological and driving simulator assessment. The objective of this study was to investigate the consistency of both types of assessment. Ninety-nine patients with various neurological impairments (72 males; M = 48.98 years; SD = 17.27) performed a 30-minute drive in a driving simulation in three different road settings; a (non-)residential rural area, a highway and an urban area. They also underwent neuropsychological assessment of attention and executive function. An exploratory correlational analysis was conducted. We found weak, but significant correlations between attention and executive function measures and more efficient driving in the driving simulator. Distractibility was associated with the most simulator variables in all three simulated road settings. Participants who were better at maintaining attention, eliminating irrelevant information and suppressing inappropriate responses, were less likely to drive above the speed limit, produced a less jerky ride, and used the rearview mirror more regularly. A lack of moderate or strong significant correlations (inconsistency) between traditional neuropsychological and simulator assessment variables may indicate that they don't evaluate the same cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Klun
- SOCA University Rehabilitation Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Stojmenova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Grega Jakus
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Sodnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Liu Y, Schneider S, Orriens B, Meijer E, Darling JE, Gutsche T, Gatz M. Self-administered Web-Based Tests of Executive Functioning and Perceptual Speed: Measurement Development Study With a Large Probability-Based Survey Panel. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e34347. [PMID: 35532966 PMCID: PMC9127643 DOI: 10.2196/34347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive testing in large population surveys is frequently used to describe cognitive aging and determine the incidence rates, risk factors, and long-term trajectories of the development of cognitive impairment. As these surveys are increasingly administered on internet-based platforms, web-based and self-administered cognitive testing calls for close investigation. OBJECTIVE Web-based, self-administered versions of 2 age-sensitive cognitive tests, the Stop and Go Switching Task for executive functioning and the Figure Identification test for perceptual speed, were developed and administered to adult participants in the Understanding America Study. We examined differences in cognitive test scores across internet device types and the extent to which the scores were associated with self-reported distractions in everyday environments in which the participants took the tests. In addition, national norms were provided for the US population. METHODS Data were collected from a probability-based internet panel representative of the US adult population-the Understanding America Study. Participants with access to both a keyboard- and mouse-based device and a touch screen-based device were asked to complete the cognitive tests twice in a randomized order across device types, whereas participants with access to only 1 type of device were asked to complete the tests twice on the same device. At the end of each test, the participants answered questions about interruptions and potential distractions that occurred during the test. RESULTS Of the 7410 (Stop and Go) and 7216 (Figure Identification) participants who completed the device ownership survey, 6129 (82.71% for Stop and Go) and 6717 (93.08% for Figure Identification) participants completed the first session and correctly responded to at least 70% of the trials. On average, the standardized differences across device types were small, with the absolute value of Cohen d ranging from 0.05 (for the switch score in Stop and Go and the Figure Identification score) to 0.13 (for the nonswitch score in Stop and Go). Poorer cognitive performance was moderately associated with older age (the absolute value of r ranged from 0.32 to 0.61), and this relationship was comparable across device types (the absolute value of Cohen q ranged from 0.01 to 0.17). Approximately 12.72% (779/6123 for Stop and Go) and 12.32% (828/6721 for Figure Identification) of participants were interrupted during the test. Interruptions predicted poorer cognitive performance (P<.01 for all scores). Specific distractions (eg, watching television and listening to music) were inconsistently related to cognitive performance. National norms, calculated as weighted average scores using sampling weights, suggested poorer cognitive performance as age increased. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive scores assessed by self-administered web-based tests were sensitive to age differences in cognitive performance and were comparable across the keyboard- and touch screen-based internet devices. Distraction in everyday environments, especially when interrupted during the test, may result in a nontrivial bias in cognitive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bart Orriens
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Erik Meijer
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jill E Darling
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tania Gutsche
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Moetesum M, Diaz M, Masroor U, Siddiqi I, Vessio G. A survey of visual and procedural handwriting analysis for neuropsychological assessment. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTo date, Artificial Intelligence systems for handwriting and drawing analysis have primarily targeted domains such as writer identification and sketch recognition. Conversely, the automatic characterization of graphomotor patterns as biomarkers of brain health is a relatively less explored research area. Despite its importance, the work done in this direction is limited and sporadic. This paper aims to provide a survey of related work to provide guidance to novice researchers and highlight relevant study contributions. The literature has been grouped into “visual analysis techniques” and “procedural analysis techniques”. Visual analysis techniques evaluate offline samples of a graphomotor response after completion. On the other hand, procedural analysis techniques focus on the dynamic processes involved in producing a graphomotor reaction. Since the primary goal of both families of strategies is to represent domain knowledge effectively, the paper also outlines the commonly employed handwriting representation and estimation methods presented in the literature and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. It also highlights the limitations of existing processes and the challenges commonly faced when designing such systems. High-level directions for further research conclude the paper.
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Weizenbaum EL, Fulford D, Torous J, Pinsky E, Kolachalama VB, Cronin-Golomb A. Smartphone-Based Neuropsychological Assessment in Parkinson's Disease: Feasibility, Validity, and Contextually Driven Variability in Cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:401-413. [PMID: 33998438 PMCID: PMC10474573 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders demands methods of accessible assessment that reliably captures cognition in daily life contexts. We investigated the feasibility of smartphone cognitive assessment in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), who may have cognitive impairment in addition to motor-related problems that limit attending in-person clinics. We examined how daily-life factors predicted smartphone cognitive performance and examined the convergent validity of smartphone assessment with traditional neuropsychological tests. METHODS Twenty-seven nondemented individuals with mild-moderate PD attended one in-lab session and responded to smartphone notifications over 10 days. The smartphone app queried participants 5x/day about their location, mood, alertness, exercise, and medication state and administered mobile games of working memory and executive function. RESULTS Response rate to prompts was high, demonstrating feasibility of the approach. Between-subject reliability was high on both cognitive games. Within-subject variability was higher for working memory than executive function. Strong convergent validity was seen between traditional tests and smartphone working memory but not executive function, reflecting the latter's ceiling effects. Participants performed better on mobile working memory tasks when at home and after recent exercise. Less self-reported daytime sleepiness and lower PD symptom burden predicted a stronger association between later time of day and higher smartphone test performance. CONCLUSIONS These findings support feasibility and validity of repeat smartphone assessments of cognition and provide preliminary evidence of the effects of context on cognitive variability in PD. Further development of this accessible assessment method could increase sensitivity and specificity regarding daily cognitive dysfunction for PD and other clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Weizenbaum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Fulford
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Pinsky
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA
| | - Vijaya B. Kolachalama
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, and Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center; Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Van Patten R. Introduction to the Special Issue - Neuropsychology from a distance: Psychometric properties and clinical utility of remote neurocognitive tests. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 43:767-773. [PMID: 35133240 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.2021645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Van Patten
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown, University, Providence, RI, USA.,Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Sahoo S, Grover S. Technology-based Neurocognitive Assessment of the Elderly: a Mini Review: Оценка нейрокогнитивных функций на основе компьютерных технологий у пожилых людей: краткий обзор. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022; 3:37-44. [PMID: 39045356 PMCID: PMC11262097 DOI: 10.17816/cp155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive disorders in the elderly are on the rise all over the world. Neuropsychological assessment is vital to monitoring the progress of cognitive deficits. Over the years, there has been significant development in neuropsychological assessment to predict the development and progression of MCI and dementia. One such area of recent advancement in the field of neuropsychology is technology-based assessment. There are several types of technology-based assessments available based on the type of usage, site of the assessment, type of administration, type of device used for assessment, etc. Virtual reality-based assessments and digital assessments of neurocognitions for early identification of subtle cognitive deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and major neurocognitive disorders (MND) represent two newly developed technologies. A few studies have demonstrated their efficacy; however, there remain several limitations and drawbacks to their usage within the elderly population. In this review, we have briefly discussed technology-based neuropsychological assessment, along with their usage and limitations.
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Wiguna T, Bahana R, Dirgantoro B, Minayati K, Teh SD, Ismail RI, Kaligis F, Wigantara NA. Developing attention deficits/hyperactivity disorder-virtual reality diagnostic tool with machine learning for children and adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:984481. [PMID: 36213908 PMCID: PMC9533640 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.984481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional diagnosis of Attention Deficits/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is through parent-child interviews and observations; therefore, innovative ADHD diagnostic tools that represent this digital era are needed. Virtual reality (VR) is a significant technology that can present a virtual immersive environment; it can provide an illusion of participation in an artificial milieu for children with ADHD. This study aimed to develop an ADHD-VR diagnostic tool construct (Research Domain Construct/RDC) based on the DSM5 ADHD diagnostic criteria, and using the RDC to develop a diagnostic tool with a machine learning (ML) application that can produce an intelligent model to receive some complex and multifaceted clinical data (ADHD clinical symptoms). We aimed to expand a model algorithm from the data, and finally make predictions by providing new data (output data) that have more accurate diagnostic value. This was an exploratory qualitative study and consisted of two stages. The first stage of the study applied the Delphi technique, and the goal was to translate ADHD symptoms based on DSM 5 diagnostic criteria into concrete behavior that can be observed among children in a classroom setting. This stage aimed to gather information, perceptions, consensus, and confirmation from experts. In this study, three rounds of Delphi were conducted. The second stage was to finalize the RDC of the ADHD-VR diagnostic tool with ML, based on the first-stage results. The results were transformed into concrete activities that could be applied in the programming of the ADHD-VR diagnostic tool, followed by starting to input data that were required to build the diagnostic tool. The second stage consisted of more than ten focus-group discussions (FGDs) before it could be transformed into the ADHD-VR diagnostic tool with the ML prototype. First-stage data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel for Mac. Qualitative data were analyzed using conceptual content analysis with a manifest/latent analysis approach. From the first stage of the study, there were 13 examples of student behaviors that received more than 75% totally agreed or agreed from the experts. The RDC of the ADHD-VR diagnostic tool with machine learning application consisted of three domains and was divided into six sub-domains: reward-related processing, emotional lability, inhibitory, sustained attention, specific timing of playing in order, and arousal. In conclusion, the results of this study can be used as a reference for future studies in a similar context and content, that is, the ADHD-VR diagnostic tool with machine learning based on the constructed RDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjhin Wiguna
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Bahana
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Dirgantoro
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kusuma Minayati
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Raden Irawati Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ngurah Agung Wigantara
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Implicit Associations between Adverbs of Place and Actions in the Physical and Digital Space. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111523. [PMID: 34827522 PMCID: PMC8615812 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychological, behavioral, and neurophysiological evidence indicates that the coding of space as near and far depends on the involvement of different neuronal circuits. These circuits are recruited on the basis of functional parameters, not of metrical ones, reflecting a general distinction of human behavior, which alternatively attributes to the individual the role of agent or observer. Although much research in cognitive psychology was devoted to demonstrating that language and concepts are rooted in the sensorimotor system, no study has investigated the presence of implicit associations between different adverbs of place (far vs. near) and actions with different functional characteristics. Using a series of Implicit Association Test (IAT) experiments, we tested this possibility for both actions performed in physical space (grasp vs. look at) and those performed when using digital technology (content generation vs. content consumption). For both the physical and digital environments, the results showed an association between the adverb near and actions related to the role of agent, and between the adverb far and actions related to the role of observer. Present findings are the first experimental evidence of an implicit association between different adverbs of place and different actions and of the fact that adverbs of place also apply to the digital environment.
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Visser LN, Dubbelman MA, Verrijp M, Wanders L, Pelt S, Zwan MD, Thijssen DH, Wouters H, Sikkes SA, van Hout HP, van der Flier WM. The Cognitive Online Self-Test Amsterdam (COST-A): Establishing norm scores in a community-dwelling population. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12234. [PMID: 34541288 PMCID: PMC8438682 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened public awareness about Alzheimer's disease and dementia increases the need for at-home cognitive self-testing. We offered Cognitive Online Self-Test Amsterdam (COST-A) to independent groups of cognitively normal adults and investigated the robustness of a norm-score formula and cutoff. METHODS Three thousand eighty-eight participants (mean age ± standard deviation = 61 ± 12 years, 70% female) completed COST-A and evaluated it. Demographically adjusted norm scores were the difference between expected COST-A scores, based on age, gender, and education, and actual scores. We applied the resulting norm-score formula to two independent cohorts. RESULTS Participants evaluated COST-A to be of adequate difficulty and duration. Our norm-score formula was shown to be robust: ≈8% of participants in two cognitively normal cohorts had abnormal scores. A cutoff of -1.5 standard deviations proved optimal for distinguishing normal from impaired cognition. CONCLUSION With robust norm scores, COST-A is a promising new tool for research and clinical practice, providing low cost and minimally invasive remote assessment of cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie N.C. Visser
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mark A. Dubbelman
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Merike Verrijp
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wanders
- Radboud Institute for Health SciencesDepartment of PhysiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sophie Pelt
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marissa D. Zwan
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Dick H.J. Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health SciencesDepartment of PhysiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Hans Wouters
- General Practitioners Research InstituteGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sietske A.M. Sikkes
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesClinical Developmental Psychology & Clinical NeuropsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hein P.J. van Hout
- Department of General Practice and Medicine for Older PersonsAmsterdam Institute for Public Health Care ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamDepartment of NeurologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Parsey CM, Bagger JE, Trittschuh EH, Hanson AJ. Utility of the iPad NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in a clinical trial of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:3519-3528. [PMID: 34342879 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To demonstrate feasibility and utility of the iPad version of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in a clinical trial of older adults. METHODS Fifty-one adults, aged 55 and older without dementia were tested twice on NIHTB-CB and more traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological measures after meal ingestion, with approximately a 4-week interval. We also compared performances at Time 1 and Time 2 for significant change. We also extracted the response times and errors for available NIHTB-CB subtests to determine subtle changes in performance. RESULTS Over the interval, improvement in fluid cognitive measures was noted at Time 2 (t = -3.07, p = 0.004), whereas crystallized measures were unchanged. Tests of fluid cognition negatively correlated with age, particularly for the second visit. Analysis of the average speed per item showed that, for two of the tests, speed increased at Time 2. Traditional neuropsychological tests correlated with many of the NIHTB-CB measures. Response times for all five timed tests decreased at Time 2, although only statistically significant for Picture Sequence and Picture Vocabulary. CONCLUSIONS The iPad version of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery appears to be an adequate measure to assess cognitive functioning in a clinical trial of older adults. Psychometric analyses suggest stability in measures of crystallized functioning, whereas measures of fluid abilities revealed improvements over the short time frame of the study. Response times and errors for individual tests revealed intriguing relationships that should be further evaluated to determine the utility in clinical sample analysis, as this could aid identification of subtle cognitive change over short periods. Additional studies with larger sample sizes will be helpful to understanding the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the NIHTB-CB sub-scores in older adults. In addition, further evaluations with clinical populations, including individuals with cognitive impairment, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Parsey
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Medicine (Neurology), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Justina E Bagger
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- School of Medicine (Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System, GRECC, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Angela J Hanson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Medicine (Geriatrics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Kalafatis C, Modarres MH, Apostolou P, Marefat H, Khanbagi M, Karimi H, Vahabi Z, Aarsland D, Khaligh-Razavi SM. Validity and Cultural Generalisability of a 5-Minute AI-Based, Computerised Cognitive Assessment in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:706695. [PMID: 34366938 PMCID: PMC8339427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.706695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Early detection and monitoring of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients are key to tackling dementia and providing benefits to patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and society. We developed the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA); a 5-min, language independent computerised cognitive test that employs an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model to improve its accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the generalisability of the ICA in detecting cognitive impairment in MCI and mild AD patients. Methods: We studied the ICA in 230 participants. 95 healthy volunteers, 80 MCI, and 55 mild AD participants completed the ICA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) cognitive tests. Results: The ICA demonstrated convergent validity with MoCA (Pearson r=0.58, p<0.0001) and ACE (r=0.62, p<0.0001). The ICA AI model was able to detect cognitive impairment with an AUC of 81% for MCI patients, and 88% for mild AD patients. The AI model demonstrated improved performance with increased training data and showed generalisability in performance from one population to another. The ICA correlation of 0.17 (p = 0.01) with education years is considerably smaller than that of MoCA (r = 0.34, p < 0.0001) and ACE (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001) which displayed significant correlations. In a separate study the ICA demonstrated no significant practise effect over the duration of the study. Discussion: The ICA can support clinicians by aiding accurate diagnosis of MCI and AD and is appropriate for large-scale screening of cognitive impairment. The ICA is unbiased by differences in language, culture, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kalafatis
- Cognetivity Ltd, London, United Kingdom
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Haniye Marefat
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Khanbagi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Karimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed-Mahdi Khaligh-Razavi
- Cognetivity Ltd, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Spreij LA, Gosselt IK, Visser-Meily JMA, Hoogerbrugge AJ, Kootstra TM, Nijboer TCW. The journey is just as important as the destination-Digital neuropsychological assessment provides performance stability measures in patients with acquired brain injury. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249886. [PMID: 34242235 PMCID: PMC8270450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive performances on neuropsychological paper-and-pencil tests are generally evaluated quantitatively by examining a final score (e.g., total duration). Digital tests allow for a quantitative evaluation of "how" a patient attained a final score, which opens the possibility to assess more subtle cognitive impairment even when final scores are evaluated as normal. We assessed performance stability (i.e., the number of fluctuations in test performance) to investigate (1) differences in performance stability between patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and healthy controls; (2) the added value of performance stability measures in patients with ABI; and (3) the relation between performance stability and cognitive complaints in daily life in patients with ABI. METHODS We administered three digital neuropsychological tests (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, Stroop Colour and Word Test) and the Cognitive Complaints-Participation (CoCo-P) inventory in patients with ABI (n = 161) and healthy controls (n = 91). RESULTS Patients with ABI fluctuated more in their performance on all tests, when compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, 4-15% of patients who performed inside normal range on the conventional final scores were outside normal range on the performance stability measures. The performance stability measures, nor the conventional final scores, were associated with cognitive complaints in daily life. CONCLUSIONS Stability in test performance of patients was clearly dissociable from healthy controls, and may assess additional cognitive weaknesses which might not be observed or objectified with paper-and-pencil tests. More research is needed for developing measures better associated with cognitive complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane A. Spreij
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel K. Gosselt
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M. A. Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo M. Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C. W. Nijboer
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tyburski E, Mak M, Sokołowski A, Starkowska A, Karabanowicz E, Kerestey M, Lebiecka Z, Preś J, Sagan L, Samochowiec J, Jansari AS. Executive Dysfunctions in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review of Traditional, Ecological, and Virtual Reality Assessments. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132782. [PMID: 34202881 PMCID: PMC8267962 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest has grown in measuring executive function in schizophrenia with ecological and virtual reality (VR) tools. However, there is a lack of critical analysis comparing those tools with traditional ones. This paper aims to characterize executive dysfunction in schizophrenia by comparing ecological and virtual reality assessments with traditional tools, and to describe the neurobiological and psychopathological correlates. The analysis revealed that ecological and VR tests have higher levels of verisimilitude and similar levels of veridicality compared to traditional tools. Both negative symptoms and disorganization correlate significantly with executive dysfunction as measured by traditional tools, but their relationships with measures based on ecological and VR methods are still unclear. Although there is much research on brain correlates of executive impairments in schizophrenia with traditional tools, it is uncertain if these results will be confirmed with the use of ecological and VR tools. In the diagnosis of executive dysfunction, it is important to use a variety of neuropsychological methods—especially those with confirmed ecological validity—to properly recognize the underlying characteristics of the observed deficits and to implement effective forms of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Tyburski
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 61-719 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-271-12-22
| | - Monika Mak
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Andrzej Sokołowski
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Anna Starkowska
- Faculty of Psychology in Wrocław, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 53-238 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Karabanowicz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland; (E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Kerestey
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland; (E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Zofia Lebiecka
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Joanna Preś
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Leszek Sagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ashok S. Jansari
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK;
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Robe A, Păsărelu CR, Dobrean A. Exploring autonomic regulation in children with ADHD with and without comorbid anxiety disorder through three systematic levels of cardiac vagal control analysis: Rest, reactivity, and recovery. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13850. [PMID: 34046904 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, characterized by reduced vagally mediated Heart Rate Variability (HRV), has been associated with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the dynamic vagal modulation of cardiac output in response to shifts in environmental demands in children and adolescents with ADHD, with and without a comorbid anxiety disorder. High-frequency HRV (HF-HRV) measures were obtained from 46 children and adolescents ranging from 6 to 17 (M = 9.38; SD = 2.31) years old, during three successive experimental conditions: a baseline recording followed by a sustained attention task, and a post-task recovery period. Findings support the reliability of the d2 Test, a cancelation test of attention and concentration, to induce parasympathetic withdrawal and extend prior work on "vagal flexibility". Further, these findings suggest a pattern of group differences in ANS functioning in children with ADHD, with and without a comorbid anxiety disorder. Only the ADHD without comorbid anxiety group showed a normative autonomic response to the cognitive challenge (reduced HF-HRV). The participants did not display an adaptive process of restoration following the cognitive challenge; the HRV suppression was prolonged during post-task recovery period, suggesting that ANS responded as if the cognitive stressor was still present. The current paper covers and discusses theoretical implications for the abnormalities in neurophysiological functioning and the different physiological responses in the two ADHD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Robe
- Doctoral School "Evidence-based Assessment and Psychological Interventions, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Costina-Ruxandra Păsărelu
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dobrean
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeʂ-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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36
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Roberts DK, Alderson RM, Betancourt JL, Bullard CC. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk-taking: A three-level meta-analytic review of behavioral, self-report, and virtual reality metrics. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 87:102039. [PMID: 34004385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic methods were used to examine ADHD-related risk-taking in children and adults, and to compare the magnitude of risk taking across behavioral, self-report, and virtual reality metrics. Potential moderators of effect size heterogeneity were also examined via a three-level multi-level approach and a hybrid meta-analytic/systematic review approach. Aggregated effect sizes obtained from 56 behavioral-task studies (82 effect sizes; ADHDN = 2577; TDN = 2606), 51 self-report studies (130 effect sizes; ADHDN = 18,641; TDN = 113,163), and 8 virtual reality studies (16 effect sizes; ADHDN = 382; TDN = 436) suggest that children and adults with ADHD exhibit moderately more risk-taking compared to children and adults without the disorder. Notably, the aggregated effect size obtained from virtual reality simulations (Hedges', g = 0.43) was 30-40% larger than effect sizes obtained from self-report and behavioral task metrics (Hedges' g = 0.31 and 0.27), respectively. Suboptimal Decision Making was the only significant moderator identified via multi-level modeling; however, comparison of subgroup effect sizes revealed potential moderating effects of ADHD presentation and trial-by-trial feedback on behavioral tasks. Collectively, findings suggest that ADHD is reliably associated with small to moderate magnitude greater risk-taking behavior and virtual reality simulations appear be the most sensitive currently available metric.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Matt Alderson
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America.
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Dorociak KE, Mattek N, Lee J, Leese MI, Bouranis N, Imtiaz D, Doane BM, Bernstein JPK, Kaye JA, Hughes AM. The Survey for Memory, Attention, and Reaction Time (SMART): Development and Validation of a Brief Web-Based Measure of Cognition for Older Adults. Gerontology 2021; 67:740-752. [PMID: 33827088 DOI: 10.1159/000514871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brief, Web-based, and self-administered cognitive assessments hold promise for early detection of cognitive decline in individuals at risk for dementia. The current study describes the design, implementation, and convergent validity of a fWeb-based cognitive assessment tool, the Survey for Memory, Attention, and Reaction Time (SMART), for older adults. METHODS A community-dwelling sample of older adults (n = 69) was included, classified as cognitively intact (n = 44) or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 25). Participants completed the SMART at home using their computer, tablet, or other Internet-connected device. The SMART consists of 4 face-valid cognitive tasks available in the public domain assessing visual memory, attention/processing speed, and executive functioning. Participants also completed a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests, a cognitive screener, and a daily function questionnaire. Primary SMART outcome measures consisted of subtest completion time (CT); secondary meta-metrics included outcomes indirectly assessed or calculated within the SMART (e.g., click count, total CT, time to complete practice items, and time of day the test was completed). RESULTS Regarding validity, total SMART CT, which includes time to complete test items, practice items, and directions, had the strongest relationship with global cognition (β = -0.47, p < 0.01). Test item CT was significantly greater for the MCI group (F = 5.20, p = 0.026). Of the SMART tasks, the executive functioning subtests had the strongest relationship with cognitive status as compared to the attention/processing speed and visual memory subtests. The primary outcome measures demonstrated fair to excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.50-0.76). CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence for the use of the SMART protocol as a feasible, reliable, and valid assessment method to monitor cognitive performance in cognitively intact and MCI older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Mattek
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mira I Leese
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicole Bouranis
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Danish Imtiaz
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bridget M Doane
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John P K Bernstein
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Adriana M Hughes
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Simfukwe C, Youn YC, Kim SY, An SS. Digital trail making test-black and white: Normal vs MCI. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 29:1296-1303. [PMID: 33529537 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1871615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trail Making Test-Black and White (TMT-B&W) was developed to assess the cognition of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Collection and analysis of test results have been limited due to scoring time and efforts required from both administrators and patients during and after taking the test. To increase efficiency and reducing scoring time, a computer version touchscreen-based digital trail making test-black and white (dTMT-B&W) was developed on Android and it was administered on MCI versus cognitively normal controls (NC) participants. The current study examines the sensitivity of newly developed computer version dTMT-B&W on NC and MCI subjects. METHOD dTMT-B&W was developed using MIT app inventor software, a web-based integrated development environment (IDE) with the Android development tools that are used to build fully functional applications for smartphones and tablets. A total of 44 participants were included, comprised of 22 NC and 22 MCI. The dTMT-TMT-B&W was administered to all NC and MCI subjects. RESULT dTMT-B&W was designed to be as consistent with the pen-paper TMT-B&W (ppTMT-B&W) where the application is a standalone installation. dTMT-B&W is divided into two parts (Part-A and Part-B), in which the subject attempts to connect black and white numbered circles sequentially as quickly as possible, while still maintaining accuracy. Similarly, the paper-based TMT-B&W requires the subject to connect black and white numbered circles in ascending order, except on a sheet of paper rather than a tablet. dTMT-B&W successfully distinguished NC from MCI subjects. CONCLUSION dTMT-B&W is an Android application that was successfully developed to be as consistent as possible with the original pen-paper TMT-B&W to establish equal concurrent validity, with some improved features embedded into the design and dTMT-B&W revealed a significant correlation with frontal executive function and this can help in early diagnosing subjects with MCI among NC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Simfukwe
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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Parsons TD. Ethical Challenges of Using Virtual Environments in the Assessment and Treatment of Psychopathological Disorders. J Clin Med 2021; 10:378. [PMID: 33498255 PMCID: PMC7863955 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians are increasingly interested in the potential of virtual environments for research and praxes. Virtual environments include both immersive and non-immersive simulations of everyday activities. Moreover, algorithmic devices and adaptive virtual environments allow clinicians a medium for personalizing technologies to their patients. There is also increasing recognition of social virtual environments that connect virtual environments to social networks. Although there has been a great deal of deliberation on these novel technologies for assessment and treatment, less discourse has occurred around the ethical challenges that may ensue when these technologies are applied clinically. In this paper, some of the ethical issues involved in the clinical use of novel technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Parsons
- iCenter for Affective Technologies (iCAN), University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA;
- Computational Neuropsychology and Simulation (CNS), University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
- College of Information, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
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40
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Nagy A, Kalmár M, Beke AM, Gráf R, Horváth E. Intelligence and executive function of school-age preterm children in function of birth weight and perinatal complication. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2021; 11:400-411. [PMID: 33406902 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1866571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Assessment of intelligence and executive function in 9-10-year-old preterm children as compared to a full-term comparison group and to reveal the background of the individual differences in the outcomes by analyzing the effects of perinatal and social-economic factors. METHOD Seventy-two preterm children (divided into two groups: 32 extremely low birth weight, 40 very low birth weight) and a matched group of 33 healthy full-term children, aged 9-10 years, were tested using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-IV) and digital versions of tasks measuring executive function. As background information perinatal variables and maternal education were entered in the analysis. RESULTS In the WISC-IV all three groups performed in the normal range. The preterm children, particularly the ELBW subgroup, scored significantly lower than the full-term comparison group in several outcome measures. Behind the group means there were massive scatters of the individual scores. Lower maternal education, male gender, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) increased the risk for performance deficits. CONCLUSION Low-to-moderate risk preterm children as groups are disadvantaged in the development of intelligence and executive function as compared to healthy full-term children even until school-age. However, with appropriate protective factors they may have chances to develop comparably with their full-term, non-risk counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Nagy
- Institute of Atypical Behaviour and Cognition, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magda Kalmár
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Mária Beke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rózsa Gráf
- Péterfy Hospital Departement of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit II, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Arts, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Endre Horváth
- Institute of Atypical Behaviour and Cognition, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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41
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Simões EN, Carvalho ALN, Schmidt SL. The Role of Visual and Auditory Stimuli in Continuous Performance Tests: Differential Effects on Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:53-62. [PMID: 29671360 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718769149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Continuous performance tests (CPTs) usually utilize visual stimuli. A previous investigation showed that inattention is partially independent of modality, but response inhibition is modality-specific. Here we aimed to compare performance on visual and auditory CPTs in ADHD and in healthy controls. Method: The sample consisted of 160 elementary and high school students (43 ADHD, 117 controls). For each sensory modality, five variables were extracted: commission errors (CEs) and omission errors (OEs), reaction time (RT), variability of reaction time (VRT), and coefficient of variability (CofV = VRT / RT). Results: The ADHD group exhibited higher rates for all test variables. The discriminant analysis indicated that auditory OE was the most reliable variable for discriminating between groups, followed by visual CE, auditory CE, and auditory CofV. Discriminant equation classified ADHD with 76.3% accuracy. Conclusion: Auditory parameters in the inattention domain (OE and VRT) can discriminate ADHD from controls. For the hyperactive/impulsive domain (CE), the two modalities are equally important.
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Lussier M, Saillant K, Vrinceanu T, Hudon C, Bherer L. Normative Data for a Tablet-Based Dual-Task Assessment in Healthy Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 36:1316-1325. [PMID: 33372951 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to provide normative data for a tablet-based dual-task assessment in older adults without cognitive deficits. METHOD In total, 264 participants aged between 60 and 90 years, French and English-speaking, were asked to perform two discrimination tasks, alone and concurrently. The participants had to answer as fast as possible to one or two images appearing in the center of the tablet by pressing to the corresponding buttons. Normative data are provided for reaction time (RT), coefficient of variation, and accuracy. Analyses of variance were performed by trial types (single-pure, single-mixed, dual-mixed), and linear regressions assessed the relationship between performance and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS The participants were highly educated and a large proportion of them were women (73.9%). The accuracy on the task was very high across all blocks. RT data revealed both a task-set cost and a dual-task cost between the blocks. Age was associated with slower RT and with higher coefficient of variability. Men were significantly slower on dual-mixed trials, but their coefficient of variability was lower on single-pure trials. Education was not associated with performance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides normative data for a tablet-based dual-task assessment in older adults without cognitive impairment, which was lacking. All participants completed the task with good accuracy in less than 15 minutes and thus, the task is transferable to clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lussier
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Kathia Saillant
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal H3W 1W5, Canada.,Department of Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal H3C 3P8, Canada.,EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal H1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Tudor Vrinceanu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal H3W 1W5, Canada.,Department of Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal H3C 3P8, Canada.,EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal H1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Carol Hudon
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal H3W 1W5, Canada.,EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal H1T 1N6, Canada
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A Comparison of Computerized Versus Pen-and-Paper Cognitive Tests for Monitoring Electroconvulsive Therapy-Related Cognitive Side Effects. J ECT 2020; 36:260-264. [PMID: 32453186 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive side effects are a common unintended outcome of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Routine cognitive assessment is important for monitoring patient outcomes, although it can pose challenges in busy clinical settings. Computerized cognitive testing has advantages that can facilitate routine monitoring. This study explored the construct and criterion validity of computerized cognitive testing compared with standard pen-and-paper tests for monitoring cognition in ECT patients. METHODS The study included 24 participants with major depression who received an acute course of ECT. Cognition was assessed at pretreatment and at posttreatment with 3 computerized tests from the CogState battery (International Shopping List task, One-Card Learning, and One-Back Task) and 3 conceptually matched pen-and-paper-administered neuropsychological tests. RESULTS At pretreatment, only performance on the computer-administered test of verbal anterograde memory (International Shopping List task) was significantly correlated with the analogous pen-and-paper measure, whereas the other computerized tests were not. Of the computerized measures, only the International Shopping List task showed significant changes from pretreatment to posttreatment (P < 0.01, Cohen d > 1.0). In contrast, all the pen-and-paper-administered tests showed significant changes from pretreatment to posttreatment (P < 0.01, Cohen d range, 0.8-1.2). Pretreatment to posttreatment cognitive changes on the computerized measures were not correlated with changes on the pen-and-paper-administered tests. CONCLUSION Construct and criterion validity and tolerability varied between the computerized measures. The results highlighted potentially important issues related to the interpretation and utility of computerized tests in this patient population.
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Parsons TD, Gaggioli A, Riva G. Extended Reality for the Clinical, Affective, and Social Neurosciences. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E922. [PMID: 33265932 PMCID: PMC7761460 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain science research often involves the use of low-dimensional tools and stimuli that lack several of the potentially valuable features of everyday activities and interactions. Although this research has provided important information about cognitive, affective, and social processes for both clinical and nonclinical populations, there is growing interest in high-dimensional simulations that extend reality. These high-dimensional simulations involve dynamic stimuli presented serially or concurrently to permit the assessment and training of perceivers' integrative processes over time. Moreover, high-dimensional simulation platforms can contextually restrain interpretations of cues about a target's internal states. Extended reality environments extend assessment and training platforms that balance experimental control with emotionally engaging background narratives aimed at extending the affective experience and social interactions. Herein, we highlight the promise of extended reality platforms for greater ecological validity in the clinical, affective, and social neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Parsons
- iCenter for Affective Neurotechnologies (iCAN), Denton, TX 76203, USA
- Computational Neuropsychology and Simulation (CNS) Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- College of Information, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.R.)
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.R.)
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
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Ruano L, Severo M, Sousa A, Ruano C, Branco M, Barreto R, Moreira S, Araújo N, Pinto P, Pais J, Lunet N, Cruz VT. Tracking Cognitive Performance in the General Population and in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment with a Self-Applied Computerized Test (Brain on Track). J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:541-548. [PMID: 31424407 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Repeated measurements could be helpful to identify patients with early cognitive decline. We compare the variation of cognitive performance over one year in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy individuals using the Brain on Track self-applied computerized test (BoT). The study was initiated 30 patients with probable MCI and 377 controls from a population-based cohort, who performed the BoT test from home every three months for one year. The scores were compared using a linear mixed-effects model. All participants increased their scores in the first tests, after 120 days MCI patients started to decline, with a statistically significant higher rate. The area under the curve to detect MCI was 0.94. We identified a significant decline in cognitive performance over one year in patients with MCI using BoT and the test presented a high discriminative ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ruano
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Sousa
- Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ruano
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Branco
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Rui Barreto
- Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Moreira
- Serviço de Neurologia, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Natália Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pais
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Tedim Cruz
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Neurologia, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Spreij LA, Visser-Meily JM, Sibbel J, Gosselt IK, Nijboer TC. Feasibility and user-experience of virtual reality in neuropsychological assessment following stroke. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2020; 32:499-519. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1831935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane A. Spreij
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M.A. Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Sibbel
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Isabel K. Gosselt
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tanja C.W. Nijboer
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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47
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Spreij LA, Gosselt IK, Visser-Meily JMA, Nijboer TCW. Digital neuropsychological assessment: Feasibility and applicability in patients with acquired brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:781-793. [PMID: 32878561 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1808595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital neuropsychological assessment (d-NPA) has several advantages over paper-and-pencil tests in neuropsychological assessment, such as a more standardized stimulus presentation and response acquisition. We investigated (1) the feasibility and user-experience of a d-NPA in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and healthy controls; (2) the applicability of conventional paper-and-pencil norms on digital tests; and (3) whether familiarity with a tablet would affect test performance on a tablet. METHOD We administered a d-NPA in stroke patients (n = 59), traumatic brain injury patients (n = 61) and healthy controls (n = 159). The neuropsychological tests were presented on a tablet and participants used a pencil stylus to respond. We examined the completion rate to assess the feasibility, and a semi-structured interview was conducted to examine the user-experience. The applicability of conventional norms was examined by the number of healthy controls performing <10th percentile, which was expected to be no more than 10%. The effect of tablet familiarity on test performance was examined with a regression-based model. RESULTS Overall, 94% of patients completed the d-NPA. The d-NPA was considered pleasant by patients and healthy controls. Conventional norms that exist for paper-and-pencil tests were not applicable on the digital version of the tests, as up to 34% of healthy controls showed an abnormal performance on half of the tests. Tablet familiarity did not affect test performance on a tablet, indicating that participants who were more experienced with working with a tablet did not perform better on digital tests. CONCLUSIONS The administration of a d-NPA is feasible in patients with ABI. Familiarity with a tablet did not impact test performance, which is particularly important in neuropsychological assessment. Future research should focus on developing norms in order to implement a d-NPA in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane A Spreij
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and de Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel K Gosselt
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and de Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M A Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and de Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C W Nijboer
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and de Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gamaldo AA, Tan SC, Sardina AL, Henzi C, Guest R, Ross LA, Willingham K, Zonderman AB, Andel RA. Older Black Adults' Satisfaction and Anxiety Levels After Completing Alternative Versus Traditional Cognitive Batteries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:1462-1474. [PMID: 30265365 PMCID: PMC7530491 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine satisfaction, test anxiety, and performance using computer-based cognitive batteries versus a paper-and-pencil neuropsychological battery among older Blacks. METHOD Self-identified Black adults (n = 87, age range: 55-86; mean education = 14) completed two computer-based tests (CogState and Joggle) and a paper-and-pencil neuropsychological battery. After each battery, participants reported their testing anxiety and satisfaction using the batteries. Descriptive, correlational, and regression analyses compared satisfaction, anxiety, and performance across the batteries. RESULTS Majority of the participants reported more satisfaction with the computer-based (Joggle: 66%; CogState: 77%) than the neuropsychological (52%) battery. Participants also reported less testing anxiety after completing the computer-based batteries than the neuropsychological battery, F(2, 172) = 22.96, p < .001. Older adults' familiarity and comfort level with the computer were not associated with their performance on the computer-based tests (p > .05). Although testing anxiety was not associated with performance across the batteries, age and education quality were uniquely associated with performance on the CogState and neuropsychological batteries. CONCLUSIONS Computer-based cognitive batteries appear to be less intimidating than the commonly used paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests for Black adults. Thus, these cognitive batteries may be useful tools for monitoring older Blacks' cognitive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Gamaldo
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shyuan Ching Tan
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Angie L Sardina
- School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Carolyn Henzi
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosalyn Guest
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Lesley A Ross
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurtis Willingham
- Aging Studies, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ross A Andel
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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49
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Han M, Kim DY, Leigh JH, Kim MW. Value of the Frontal Assessment Battery Tool for Assessing the Frontal Lobe Function in Stroke Patients. Ann Rehabil Med 2020; 44:261-272. [PMID: 32721991 PMCID: PMC7463112 DOI: 10.5535/arm.19111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the correlation between the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) test, which is used to assess the frontal lobe function, and anatomical lesions as well as the ability of the test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction. METHODS Records of stroke patients undergoing a FAB test and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the lesions determined by an imaging study: frontal lobe cortex lesions, frontal subcortical circuit lesions, and other lesions. The FAB scores of the three groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The validity of the FAB test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction was assessed by a comparison with the Computerized Neuropsychological Function Test (CNT) using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficients between the FAB test and MMSE were analyzed further based on the MMSE cutoff score. RESULTS Patients with frontal cortex lesions had significantly lower total and subtest scores according to the FAB test than the other patients. The FAB test correlated better with the CNT than the MMSE, particularly in the executive function and memory domains. A high MMSE score (r=0.435) indicated a lower correlation with the FAB test score than a low MMSE score (r=0.714). CONCLUSION The FAB test could differentiate frontal lobe lesions from others in stroke patients and showed a good correlation with the CNT. Moreover, the FAB test can be used in patients with high MMSE scores to detect frontal lobe dysfunction and determine the treatment strategies for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyang Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon Hospital of Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Incheon, Korea
| | - Da-Ye Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ja-Ho Leigh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon Hospital of Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min-Wook Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
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Weizenbaum E, Torous J, Fulford D. Cognition in Context: Understanding the Everyday Predictors of Cognitive Performance in a New Era of Measurement. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e14328. [PMID: 32706680 PMCID: PMC7413292 DOI: 10.2196/14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research suggests that variability in attention and working memory scores, as seen across time points, may be a sensitive indicator of impairment compared with a singular score at one point in time. Given that fluctuation in cognitive performance is a meaningful metric of real-world function and trajectory, it is valuable to understand the internal state-based and environmental factors that could be driving these fluctuations in performance. Objective In this viewpoint, we argue for the use of repeated mobile assessment as a way to better understand how context shapes moment-to-moment cognitive performance. To elucidate potential factors that give rise to intraindividual variability, we highlight existing literature that has linked both internal and external modifying variables to a number of cognitive domains. We identify ways in which these variables could be measured using mobile assessment to capture them in ecologically meaningful settings (ie, in daily life). Finally, we describe a number of studies that have already begun to use mobile assessment to measure changes in real time cognitive performance in people’s daily environments and the ways in which this burgeoning methodology may continue to advance the field. Methods This paper describes selected literature on contextual factors that examined how experimentally induced or self-reported contextual variables (ie, affect, motivation, time of day, environmental noise, physical activity, and social activity) related to tests of cognitive performance. We also selected papers that used mobile assessment of cognition; these papers were chosen for their use of high-frequency time-series measurement of cognition using a mobile device. Results Upon review of the relevant literature, it is evident that contextual factors have the potential to meaningfully impact cognitive performance when measured in laboratory and daily life environments. Although this research has shed light on the question of what gives rise to real-life variability in cognitive function (eg, affect and activity), many of the studies were limited by traditional methods of data collection (eg, involving retrospective recall). Furthermore, cognition has often been measured in one domain or in one age group, which does not allow us to extrapolate results to other cognitive domains and across the life span. On the basis of the literature reviewed, mobile assessment of cognition shows high levels of feasibility and validity and could be a useful method for capturing individual cognitive variability in real-world contexts via passive and active measures. Conclusions We propose that, through the use of mobile assessment, there is an opportunity to combine multiple sources of contextual and cognitive data. These data have the potential to provide individualized digital signatures that could improve diagnostic precision and lead to meaningful clinical outcomes in a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Weizenbaum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Fulford
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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