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Jin X, Chen Y, Xu B, Tian H. Exercise-Mediated Protection against Air Pollution-Induced Immune Damage: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:247. [PMID: 38666859 PMCID: PMC11047937 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution, a serious risk factor for human health, can lead to immune damage and various diseases. Long-term exposure to air pollutants can trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory responses (the main sources of immune impairment) in the body. Exercise has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant statuses, enhance immune cell activity, as well as protect against immune damage caused by air pollution. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of exercise on pollutant-induced damage and the safe threshold for exercise in polluted environments remain elusive. In contrast to the extensive research on the pathogenesis of air pollution and the preventive role of exercise in enhancing fitness, investigations into exercise resistance to injury caused by air pollution are still in their infancy. In this review, we analyze evidence from humans, animals, and cell experiments on the combined effects of exercise and air pollution on immune health outcomes, with an emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and immune cells. We also propose possible mechanisms and directions for future research on exercise resistance to pollutant-induced damage in the body. Furthermore, we suggest strengthening epidemiological studies at different population levels and investigations on immune cells to guide how to determine the safety thresholds for exercise in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bingxiang Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
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2
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Craig NA, Scruggs AM, Berens JP, Deng F, Chen Y, Dvonch JT, Huang SK. Promotion of myofibroblast differentiation through repeated treatment of fibroblasts to low concentrations of PM 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104329. [PMID: 38036232 PMCID: PMC11010492 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is a risk factor for many lung diseases. Although the toxicologic effects of PM2.5 on airway epithelium are well-described, the effects of PM2.5 on fibroblasts in the lung are less studied. Here, we sought to examine the effects of PM2.5 on the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Although a single treatment of fibroblasts did not result in a change in collagen or the myofibroblast marker α-SMA, exposing fibroblasts to sequential treatments with PM2.5 at low concentrations caused a robust increase in these proteins. Treatment of fibroblasts with IMD0354, an inhibitor to nuclear factor κB, but not with an antagonist to aryl hydrocarbon receptor, abolished the ability of PM2.5 to induce myofibroblast differentiation. These data demonstrate that potential impact of PM2.5 to fibroblast activation and fibrosis and support the importance of utilizing low concentrations and varying exposure protocols to toxicologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Craig
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne M Scruggs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jack P Berens
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Timothy Dvonch
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Gałuszka-Bulaga A, Tkacz K, Węglarczyk K, Siedlar M, Baran J. Air pollution induces pyroptosis of human monocytes through activation of inflammasomes and Caspase-3-dependent pathways. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:26. [PMID: 37563611 PMCID: PMC10416410 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is one of the most serious threats for our planet. Despite a growing public awareness of the harmful effects of air pollution on human health, the specific influence of particulate matter (PM) on human immune cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of PM on peripheral blood monocytes in vitro. Monocytes from healthy donors (HD) were exposed to two types of PM: NIST (SRM 1648a, standard urban particulate matter from the US National Institute for Standards and Technology) and LAP (SRM 1648a with the organic fraction removed). The exposure to PM-induced mitochondrial ROS production followed by the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, leading to the cleavage of Gasdermin E (GSDME), and initiation of pyroptosis. Further analysis showed a simultaneous PM-dependent activation of inflammasomes, including NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3) and Caspase-1, followed by cleavage of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and secretion of IL-1β. These observations suggest that PM-treated monocytes die by pyroptosis activated by two parallel signaling pathways, related to the inorganic and organic PM components. The release of IL-1β and expression of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pyroptotic cells further activated the remnant viable monocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and protected them from death induced by the second challenge with PM.In summary, our report shows that PM exposure significantly impacts monocyte function and induces their death by pyroptosis. Our observations indicate that the composition of PM plays a crucial role in this process-the inorganic fraction of PM is responsible for the induction of the Caspase-3-dependent pyroptotic pathway. At the same time, the canonical inflammasome path is activated by the organic components of PM, including LPS (Lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin). PM-induced pyroptosis of human monocytes. Particulate matter (PM) treatment affects monocytes viability already after 15 min of their exposure to NIST or LAP in vitro. The remnant viable monocytes in response to danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release pro-inflammatory cytokines and activate Th1 and Th17 cells. The mechanism of PM-induced cell death includes the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production followed by collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), activation of Apaf-1, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, leading to activation of Caspase-3-dependent pyroptotic pathway, where Caspase-3 cleaves Gasdermin E (GSDME) to produce a N-terminal fragment responsible for the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis. At the same time, PM activates the canonical inflammasome pathway, where activated Caspase-1 cleaves the cytosolic Gasdermin D (GSDMD) to produce N-terminal domain allowing IL-1β secretion. As a result, PM-treated monocytes die by pyroptosis activated by two parallel pathways-Caspase-3-dependent pathway related to the inorganic fraction of PM and the canonical inflammasome pathway dependent on the organic components of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Gałuszka-Bulaga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka Street 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Tkacz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Węglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka Street 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka Street 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka Street 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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4
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Lillico DME, Hussain NAS, Choo-Yin YY, Qin R, How ZT, El-Din MG, Stafford JL. Using immune cell-based bioactivity assays to compare the inflammatory activities of oil sands process-affected waters from a pilot scale demonstration pit lake. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:55-70. [PMID: 36801042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we provide evidence that oil sands process-affected waters (OSPW) contain factors that activate the antimicrobial and proinflammatory responses of immune cells. Specifically, using the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line, we establish the bioactivity of two different OSPW samples and their isolated fractions. Here, we directly compared the bioactivity of two pilot scale demonstration pit lake (DPL) water samples, which included expressed water from treated tailings (termed the before water capping sample; BWC) as well as an after water capping (AWC) sample consisting of a mixture of expressed water, precipitation, upland runoff, coagulated OSPW and added freshwater. Significant inflammatory (i.e. macrophage activating) bioactivity was associated with the AWC sample and its organic fraction (OF), whereas the BWC sample had reduced bioactivity that was primarily associated with its inorganic fraction (IF). Overall, these results indicate that at non-toxic exposure doses, the RAW 264.7 cell line serves as an acute, sensitive and reliable biosensor for the screening of inflammatory constituents within and among discrete OSPW samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M E Lillico
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Nora A S Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Yemaya Y Choo-Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Zuo Tong How
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Mechanisms of Lung Damage and Development of COPD Due to Household Biomass-Smoke Exposure: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, MicroRNAs, and Gene Polymorphisms. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010067. [PMID: 36611860 PMCID: PMC9818405 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to indoor biomass smoke from the combustion of solid organic fuels is a major cause of disease burden worldwide. Almost 3 billion people use solid fuels such as wood, charcoal, and crop residues for indoor cooking and heating, accounting for approximately 50% of all households and 90% of rural households globally. Biomass smoke contains many hazardous pollutants, resulting in household air pollution (HAP) exposure that often exceeds international standards. Long-term biomass-smoke exposure is associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in adults, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, chronic bronchitis, and other lung conditions. Biomass smoke-associated COPD differs from the best-known cigarette smoke-induced COPD in several aspects, such as a slower decline in lung function, greater airway involvement, and less emphysema, which suggests a different phenotype and pathophysiology. Despite the high burden of biomass-associated COPD, the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are poorly understood. This review describes the pathogenic mechanisms potentially involved in lung damage, the development of COPD associated with wood-derived smoke exposure, and the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on the development of this disease.
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Sidwell A, Smith SC, Roper C. A comparison of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in vivo exposure studies incorporating chemical analysis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:422-444. [PMID: 36351256 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2142345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complex, variable mixtures present in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been well established, and associations between chemical constituents and human health are expanding. In the past decade, there has been an increase in PM2.5 toxicology studies that include chemical analysis of samples. This investigation is a crucial component for identifying the causal constituents for observed adverse health effects following exposure to PM2.5. In this review, investigations of PM2.5 that used both in vivo models were explored and chemical analysis with a focus on respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous system, reproductive, and developmental toxicity was examined to determine if chemical constituents were considered in the interpretation of the toxicity findings. Comparisons between model systems, PM2.5 characteristics, endpoints, and results were made. A vast majority of studies observed adverse effects in vivo following exposure to PM2.5. While limited, investigations that explored connections between chemical components and measured endpoints noted significant associations between biological measurements and a variety of PM2.5 constituents including elements, ions, and organic/elemental carbon, indicating the need for such analysis. Current limitations in available data, including relatively scarce statistical comparisons between collected toxicity and chemical datasets, are provided. Future progress in this field in combination with epidemiologic research examining chemical composition may support regulatory standards of PM2.5 to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Sidwell
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Samuel Cole Smith
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Courtney Roper
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
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Liu H, Gu J, Huang Z, Han Z, Xin J, Yuan L, Du M, Chu H, Wang M, Zhang Z. Fine particulate matter induces METTL3-mediated m 6A modification of BIRC5 mRNA in bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129310. [PMID: 35749893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is reportedly related to a variety of cancers including bladder cancer. However, little is known about the biological mechanism underlying this association. In the present study, PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with increased levels of m6A modification in bladder cancer patients and bladder cells. METTL3 expression was aberrantly upregulated after PM2.5 exposure, and METTL3 was involved in PM2.5-induced m6A methylation. Higher METTL3 expression was observed in bladder cancer tissues and METTL3 knockdown dramatically inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, inducing apoptosis and disrupting the cell cycle. Mechanistically, PM2.5 enhanced the expression of METTL3 by inducing the promoter hypomethylation of its promoter and increasing the binding affinity of the transcription factor HIF1A. BIRC5 was identified as the target of METTL3 through m6A sequencing (m6A-Seq) and KEGG analysis. The methylated BIRC5 transcript was subsequently recognized by IGF2BP3, which increased its mRNA stability. In particular, PM2.5 exposure promoted the m6A modification of BIRC5 and its recognition by IGF2BP3. In addition, BIRC5 was involved in bladder cancer proliferation and metastasis, as well as VEGFA-regulated angiogenesis. This comprehensive study revealed that PM2.5 exposure exerts epigenetic regulatory effects on bladder cancer via the HIF1A/METTL3/IGF2BP3/BIRC5/VEGFA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanting Liu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Gu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhengkai Huang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichao Han
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Gałuszka-Bulaga A, Hajto J, Borczyk M, Gołda S, Piechota M, Korostyński M, Rutkowska-Zapała M, Latacz P, Guła Z, Korkosz M, Pera J, Słowik A, Siedlar M, Baran J. Transcriptional Response of Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders Exposed to "Krakow Smog". Cells 2022; 11:cells11162586. [PMID: 36010662 PMCID: PMC9406644 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the general awareness of the need to reduce air pollution, the efforts were undertaken in Poland to eliminate the pollutants and their harmful effect on human health seem to be insufficient. Moreover, the latest data indicate that the city of Krakow is at the forefront of the most polluted cities worldwide. Hence, in this report, we investigated the impact of particulate matter isolated from the air of Krakow (PM KRK) on the gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in healthy donors (HD) and patients with atherosclerosis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS), after in vitro exposure. Blood samples were collected in two seasons, differing in the concentration of PM in the air (below or above a daily limit of 50 µg/m3 for PM 10). Data show that PBMCs exposed in vitro to PM KRK upregulated the expression of genes involved, among others, in pro-inflammatory response, cell motility, and regulation of cell metabolism. The transcriptional effects were observed predominantly in the group of patients with AS and MS. The observed changes seem to be dependent on the seasonal concentration of PM in the air of Krakow and may suggest their important role in the progression of AS, MS, and RA in the residents of Krakow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Gałuszka-Bulaga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Hajto
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sławomir Gołda
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapała
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Latacz
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zofia Guła
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Korkosz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słowik
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-65-82-011
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9
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Effects of Particulate Matter on Inflammation and Thrombosis: Past Evidence for Future Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148771. [PMID: 35886623 PMCID: PMC9317970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has become a common problem worldwide. Exposure to pollutant particles causes many health conditions, having a particular impact on pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Increased understanding of the pathological processes related to these conditions may facilitate the prevention of the adverse impact of air pollution on our physical health. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies has consistently shown that exposure to particulate matter could induce the inflammatory responses such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, as well as enhancing the oxidative stress. These result in vascular injury, adhesion molecule release, platelet activation, and thrombin generation, ultimately leading to a prothrombotic state. In this review, evidence on the effects of particulate matter on inflammation, oxidative stress, adhesion molecules, and coagulation pathways in enhancing the risk of thrombosis is comprehensively summarized and discussed. The currently available outcomes of interventional studies at a cellular level and clinical reports are also presented and discussed.
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10
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Seasonal Variations in the Concentration of Particulate Matter in the Air of Cracow Affect the Magnitude of CD4+ T Cell Subsets Cytokine Production in Patients with Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the increased prevalence of chronic civilization diseases triggered by environmental pollution has been observed. In this context, the role of air pollution in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and/or inflammatory disorders is poorly elucidated. Here, we asked whether seasonal changes in the air quality of the city of Cracow affect the polarization of T cell subsets in healthy donors (HD) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and atherosclerosis (AS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HD and patients were exposed in vitro to particulate matter isolated from the air of Cracow (PM CRC). Blood samples were collected in two seasons (winter and summer), with differences in air concentration of particulate matter of 10 μm (PM10) (below or above a daily limit of 50 µg/m3). The obtained data showed a significantly elevated frequency of CD4+ lymphocytes specific for IFN-γ and IL-17A after the exposure of PBMCs to PM CRC. This was observed for all patients’ groups and HD. In the case of patients, this effect was dependent on the seasonal concentration of PM in the air, paradoxically being less pronounced in the season with a higher concentration of air pollution. These observations may suggest the role of air pollution on the course of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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11
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Singh N, Arora N. Diesel exhaust exposure in mice induces pulmonary fibrosis by TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150623. [PMID: 34610407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest increased risk of lung cancer associated with diesel exhaust (DE) exposure. However, DE-induced lung fibrosis may lead to cancer and needs investigation. OBJECTIVES To study the mechanism involved in the initiation of DE- induced lung fibrosis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DE for 30 min/day for 5 days/weeks for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function test was performed to measure lung function. Mice were euthanized to collect BALF, blood, and lung tissue. BALF was used for cell count and cytokine analysis. Lung tissue slides were stained to examine structural integrity. RNA from lung tissue was used for RT-PCR. Immunoblots were performed to study fibrosis and EMT pathway. RESULTS Mice exposed to DE increase lung resistance and tissue elastance with decrease in inspiratory capacity (p < 0.05) suggesting lung function impairment. BALF showed significantly increased macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes (p < 0.01). Additionally, there was an increase in inflammation and alveolar wall thickening in lungs (p < 0.01) correlates with cellular infiltration. Macrophages had black soot deposition in lung tissue of DE exposed mice. Lung section staining revealed increase in mucus producing goblet cells for clearance of soot in lung. DE exposed lung showed increased collagen deposition and hydroxyproline residue (p < 0.01). Repetitive exposure of DE in mice lead to tissue remodeling in lung, demonstrated by fibrotic foci and smooth muscles. A significant increase in α-SMA and fibronectin (p < 0.05) in lung indicate progression of pulmonary fibrosis. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling was activated with increase in P-smad3 expression in DE exposed mice. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased vimentin (p < 0.05) in lungs of DE exposed mice indicate epithelial to mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION DE exposure to mice induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis thereby remodeling tissue. The study demonstrates TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway involvement with an activation of EMT in DE exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Singh
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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12
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Hsiao TC, Cheng PC, Chi KH, Wang HY, Pan SY, Kao C, Lee YL, Kuo HP, Chung KF, Chuang HC. Interactions of chemical components in ambient PM 2.5 with influenza viruses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127243. [PMID: 34844361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The significance of this work is that ambient PM2.5 is a direct transmission mode for influenza virus infection to the human alveolar epithelium. The concentration of PM2.5 was 11.7 ± 5.5 μg/m3 in Taipei during 24 December 2019-13 January 2020. Approximately 79% of inhaled PM2.5 is able to reach the upper-to-lower airway, and 47% of PM2.5 is able to reach the alveolar epithelium for influenza virus infection. Influenza A and B viruses were detected in PM2.5 on 9 days, and the influenza A/H5 virus was detected on 15 days during the study period. FL and Pyr were negatively correlated with the influenza A virus. D(ah)P and Acp were positively correlated with the influenza B and A/H5 viruses, respectively. Cd, V, and Zn were positively correlated with the influenza A, B, and A/H5 viruses, respectively. Next, influenza A, B, and A/H5 viral plasmids interacted with carbon black, H2O2, DEPs, and UD. We observed that H2O2 significantly decreased levels of complementary DNA of the three influenza viruses. DEPs and UD significantly decreased influenza A and A/H5 viral levels. In conclusion, chemicals in PM2.5 may play vital roles in terms of viable influenza virus in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Yang Wang
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yu Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching Kao
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zheng R, Du M, Tian M, Zhu Z, Wei C, Chu H, Gan C, Liang J, Xue R, Gao F, Mao Z, Wang M, Zhang Z. Fine Particulate Matter Induces Childhood Asthma Attacks via Extracellular Vesicle-Packaged Let-7i-5p-Mediated Modulation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102460. [PMID: 34816611 PMCID: PMC8787417 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5 ) is a major risk factor for acute asthma attacks in children. However, the biological mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. In the present study, PM2.5 -treated HBE cells-secreted extracellular vesicles (PM2.5 -EVs) caused cytotoxicity in "horizontal" HBE cells and increased the contractility of "longitudinal" sensitive human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs). RNA sequencing showed that let-7i-5p is significantly overexpressed in PM2.5 -EVs and asthmatic plasma; additionally, its level is correlated with PM2.5 exposure in children with asthma. The combination of EV-packaged let-7i-5p and the traditional clinical biomarker IgE exhibits the best diagnostic performance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.855, 95% CI = 0.786-0.923). Mechanistically, let-7i-5p is packaged into PM2.5 -EVs by interacting with ELAVL1 and internalized by both "horizontal" recipient HBE cells and "longitudinal" recipient-sensitive HBSMCs, with subsequent activation of the MAPK signaling pathway via suppression of its target DUSP1. Furthermore, an injection of EV-packaged let-7i-5p into PM2.5 -treated juvenile mice aggravated asthma symptoms. This comprehensive study deciphered the remodeling of the extracellular environment mediated by the secretion of let-7i-5p-enriched EVs during PM2.5 -induced asthma attacks and identified plasma EV-packaged let-7i-5p as a novel predictor of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Department of Genetic ToxicologyThe Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Environmental GenomicsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental GenomicsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of BiostatisticsCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Man Tian
- Department of Respiratory MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Department of Emergency MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Chengcheng Wei
- Department of Genetic ToxicologyThe Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Environmental GenomicsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Genetic ToxicologyThe Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Environmental GenomicsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Cong Gan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Department of Genetic ToxicologyThe Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Environmental GenomicsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Renjie Xue
- Department of Respiratory MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Genetic ToxicologyThe Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of Education of ChinaSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Zhenguang Mao
- Department of Genetic ToxicologyThe Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Environmental GenomicsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Genetic ToxicologyThe Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Environmental GenomicsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu SchoolNanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou215008China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Genetic ToxicologyThe Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Environmental GenomicsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
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Effects of diesel exhaust particles and urban particles on brain endothelial cells. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:91-98. [PMID: 35070944 PMCID: PMC8748579 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and urban particles (UPs) increases the incidence of degenerative brain diseases as well as respiratory diseases. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of neurotoxicity on exposure to these particles. In the present study, the damage to blood-brain barrier (BBB) function by DEP or UP exposure was evaluated in bEnd.3 cells, which are derived from the brain tissue of Balb/c mice. It was demonstrated that DEP and UP exposure may induce oxidative stress via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level in bEnd.3 cells. In addition, cells exposed to DEP and UP demonstrated a resistance value of about 50% each compared to the value noted prior to exposure; additionally, Claudin-5 and ZO-1 expression levels were significantly decreased compared to the corresponding levels in the control. It was inferred that DEP or UP exposure diminishes the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells through ROS generation, thereby enhancing endothelial membrane permeability. This study showed that DEPs or UPs induced cell permeability and oxidative stress by increasing ROS generation in bEnd.3 cells. This suggests the possibility that exposure to DEPs or UPs may compromise the integrity of the BBB and induce adverse effects in the CNS.
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15
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Nozza E, Valentini S, Melzi G, Vecchi R, Corsini E. Advances on the immunotoxicity of outdoor particulate matter: A focus on physical and chemical properties and respiratory defence mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146391. [PMID: 33774291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is acknowledged to have multiple detrimental effects on human health. In this review, we report literature results on the possible link between outdoor PM and health outcomes with a focus on pulmonary infections and the mechanisms responsible for observed negative effects. PM physical and chemical properties, such as size and chemical composition, as well as major emission sources are described for a more comprehensive view about the role played by atmospheric PM in the observed adverse health effects; to this aim, major processes leading to the deposition of PM in the respiratory tract and how this can pave the way to the onset of pathologies are also presented. From the literature works here reviewed, two ways in which PM can threaten human health promoting respiratory infectious diseases are mostly taken into account. The first pathway is related to an enhanced susceptibility and here we will also report on molecular mechanisms in the lung immune system responsible for the augmented susceptibility to pathogens, such as the damage of mechanical defensive barriers, the alteration of the innate immune response, and the generation of oxidative stress. The second one deals with the relationship between infectious agents and PM; here we recall that viruses and bacteria (BioPM) are themselves part of atmospheric PM and are collected during sampling together with particles of different origin; so, data should be analysed with caution in order to avoid any false cause-effect relation. To face these issues a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory as also evident from the ongoing research about the mechanisms hypothesized for the SARS-CoV-2 airborne spreading, which is still controversial and claims for further investigation. Therefore, we preferred not to include papers dealing with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nozza
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Valentini
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - G Melzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R Vecchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - E Corsini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Hetzel M, Ackermann M, Lachmann N. Beyond "Big Eaters": The Versatile Role of Alveolar Macrophages in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3308. [PMID: 33804918 PMCID: PMC8036607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages act as immune scavengers and are important cell types in the homeostasis of various tissues. Given the multiple roles of macrophages, these cells can also be found as tissue resident macrophages tightly integrated into a variety of tissues in which they fulfill crucial and organ-specific functions. The lung harbors at least two macrophage populations: interstitial and alveolar macrophages, which occupy different niches and functions. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the multiple roles of alveolar macrophages while unraveling the distinct factors which can influence the ontogeny and function of these cells. Furthermore, we will highlight pulmonary diseases, which are associated with dysfunctional macrophages, concentrating on congenital diseases as well as pulmonary infections and impairment of immunological pathways. Moreover, we will provide an overview about different treatment approaches targeting macrophage dysfunction. Improved knowledge of the role of macrophages in the onset of pulmonary diseases may provide the basis for new pharmacological and/or cell-based immunotherapies and will extend our understanding to other macrophage-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hetzel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Zhang J, Ren D, Cao X, Wang T, Geng X, Li X, Tang J, Leng S, Wang H, Zheng Y. Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: a case-crossover study in Qingdao, China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:66. [PMID: 33413265 PMCID: PMC7791776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study. Methods The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs. Results In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3–10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2–12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0–12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1–13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.012–1.072) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model. Conclusions Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
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Cáceres L, Paz ML, Garcés M, Calabró V, Magnani ND, Martinefski M, Martino Adami PV, Caltana L, Tasat D, Morelli L, Tripodi V, Valacchi G, Alvarez S, González Maglio D, Marchini T, Evelson P. NADPH oxidase and mitochondria are relevant sources of superoxide anion in the oxinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to airborne particulate matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111186. [PMID: 32853868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. In this context, alveolar macrophages exhibit proinflammatory and oxidative responses as a result of the clearance of particles, thus contributing to lung injury. However, the mechanisms linking these pathways are not completely clarified. Therefore, the oxinflammation phenomenon was studied in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA), a PM surrogate rich in transition metals. While cell viability was not compromised under the experimental conditions, a proinflammatory phenotype was observed in cells incubated with ROFA 100 μg/mL, characterized by increased levels of TNF-α and NO production, together with PM uptake. This inflammatory response seems to precede alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by augmented levels of H2O2, diminished GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased SOD activity. This scenario resulted in increased oxidative damage to phospholipids. Moreover, alterations in mitochondrial respiration were observed following ROFA incubation, such as diminished coupling efficiency and spare respiratory capacity, together with augmented proton leak. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria were identified as the main sources of superoxide anion () in our model. These results indicate that PM exposure induces direct activation of macrophages, leading to inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species production through NOX and mitochondria, which impairs antioxidant defense and may cause mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cáceres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Mariela L Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garcés
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Natalia D Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Manuela Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Pamela V Martino Adami
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Laura Caltana
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Argentina
| | - Deborah Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Argentina
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina
| | - Daniel González Maglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
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Kim HS, Kim HJ, Kim N, Song JJ, Son BS, Yang JH, Lee CM, Park MK, Seo YR. Toxicogenomic study to identify potential signaling alterations related to nasal inflammatory damages induced by diesel exhaust particles in primary human nasal epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104994. [PMID: 32891722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify signaling alteration caused by exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) using primary human nasal epithelial cells (PHNECs). Global gene expression profiles in PHNECs following 50 and 200 μg/ml of DEP exposure were identified using microarray analysis. To cover the limitation of array-based mRNA expression analysis, text-mining-based software was used to analyze the integrative biological networks and relevant disease-focused functions among identified DEP-responsive genes. The confidence was valued based on the connectivity between the analyzed pathway and marker candidates. Through a literature-based pathway analysis, the stimulation of inflammation- and immune response-related processes mediated by TNF were predicted as major signaling alterations in PHNECs caused by DEP exposure. CSF3, CXCL8, MMP1, and VEGFA were identified as key hub genes in the predicted pathway. Significant expression level changes in the five key genes following DEP exposure were validated in terms of protein and mRNA expression. Although further studies are required, our toxicogenomic investigation provides key clues to the exact mechanism underlying DEP-induced nasal inflammatory damage. It also suggests an efficient approach for other research on adverse effects occurring in the upper respiratory tract following DEP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu-Soon Son
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuek Yang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Herath KHINM, Mihindukulasooriya SP, Kim HJ, Kim A, Kim HJ, Jeon YJ, Jee Y. Oral administration of polyphenol-rich Sargassum horneri suppresses particulate matter exacerbated airway inflammation in murine allergic asthma: Relevance to the TLR mediated NF-κB pathway inhibition. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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21
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Particulate matter exposure aggravates osteoarthritis severity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2171-2187. [PMID: 31696218 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases have been linked to particulate matter (PM) exposure. Outdoor activities, such as road running or jogging, are popular aerobic exercises due to few participatory limitations. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease, usually observed at age 40, and not noticed before pain or diagnosis. Although exercise has health benefits, it is unclear whether outdoor jogging in higher PM (standard reference material 1649b, SRM 1649b) concentration environments could affect OA development or severity. Hence, a PM exposure monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA animal jogged model was established for investigation. Results showed that high doses of PM (5 mg) significantly increased pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and M1 macrophages in the lung region, also obtained in systemic IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in this MIA-OA rat model. Moreover, levels of osteocalcin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and N-telopeptides of type I collagen were especially influenced in MIA+PM groups. Morphological and structural changes of the knee joint were detected by micro-computed tomography images (micro-CT) and immunohistochemistry. MIA + PM rats exhibited severe bone density decrease, cartilage wear, and structure damages, accompanied by lower levels of physical activity, than the sham group and groups receiving MIA or PM alone. The findings suggest that the severity of OA could be promoted by PM exposure with a PM concentration effect via systemic inflammatory mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct effects of PM exposure on OA severity.
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22
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Impairment of mitochondrial function by particulate matter: Implications for the brain. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Barkhordari S, Mirmosayyeb O, Mansourian M, Hosseininasab F, Ramezani S, Barzegar M, Amin MM, Poursafa P, Esmaeil N, Kelishadi R. Omega 3 Supplementation Can Regulate Inflammatory States in Gas Station Workers: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:262-267. [PMID: 32176565 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to diesel particulate matter and commercial gasoline in gas station workers might induce oxidative stress and changes in the balance of the immune system. In this study, the immunomodulatory impacts of omega 3 fatty acid (ω3FA) supplement were assessed on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in gas station workers in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Fifty-three men working in gas stations were treated with ω3FA (n = 29) or placebo (n = 24) for 60 days. C-reactive protein, interleukin-12 (IL-12), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method before and after the completion of the trial. The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-17 were significantly decreased in ω3FA group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the levels of inhibitory cytokines including TGF-β and IL-10 significantly were increased in ω3FA group (P < 0.001). Overall, ω3FA nutritional supplementation can be useful in reducing inflammatory immune responses and maintaining immune tolerance in people with high exposure to inflammation-inducing factors. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoresh Barkhordari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Mirmosayyeb
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Hosseininasab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barzegar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Transition Metal Containing Particulate Matter Promotes Th1 and Th17 Inflammatory Response by Monocyte Activation in Organic and Inorganic Compounds Dependent Manner. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041227. [PMID: 32074992 PMCID: PMC7068527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a significant increase in the frequency of disorders caused by air pollutants has been observed. Here we asked whether transition metal-containing particulate matter (TMCPM), a component of air pollution, has an effect on the activity of human CD4+ T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were cultured with or without NIST (SRM 1648a—standard urban particulate matter purchased from the National Institute for Standards and Technology) and LAP (SRM 1648a particulate matter treated within 120 min with cold oxygen plasma) preparations of TMCPM, differing in organic compounds content. Data show that TMCPM treatment increased the level of CD4+ cells positive for IFN-γ and IL-17A, specific for Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Moreover, a substantial decrease in frequency of Foxp3 positive CD4+ cells was observed in parallel. This effect was more pronounced for NIST particles, containing more organic components, including endotoxin (LPS - lipopolysaccharide) and required the presence of monocytes. Inactivation of LPS by treatment of TMCPM with polymyxin B reduced the inflammatory response of monocytes and Th subsets but did not abolish this activity, suggesting a role of their inorganic components. In conclusion, treatment of human PBMC with TMCPM skews the balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cells, promoting polarization of CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 subsets. This phenomenon requires activation of monocytes and depends on the organic and inorganic fractions, including endotoxin content in TMCPM, as significantly higher inflammatory response was observed for the NIST comparing to LAP. This observation may shed a new light on the role of TMCPM in development and exacerbation of allergies, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders.
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25
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An association between air pollution and daily most frequently visits of eighteen outpatient diseases in an industrial city. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2321. [PMID: 32047168 PMCID: PMC7012860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic effects of air pollutants were individually identified in various organs of the body. However, the concurrent occurrences and the connection of diseases in multiple organs arise from air pollution has not been concurrently studied before. Here we hypothesize that there exist connected health effects arise from air pollution when diseases in various organs were considered together. We used medical data from hospital outpatient visits for various organs in the body with a disease-air pollution model that represents each of the diseases as a function of the environmental factors. Our results show that elevated air pollution risks (above 40%) concurrently occurred in diseases of spondylosis, cerebrovascular, pneumonia, accidents, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), influenza, osteoarthritis (OA), asthma, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), cancer, heart, hypertensive, diabetes, kidney, and rheumatism. Air pollutants that were associated with elevated health risks are particular matters with diameters equal or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particular matters with diameters equal or less than 10 μm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NO). Concurrent occurrences of diseases in various organs indicate that the immune system tries to connectively defend the body from persistent and rising air pollution.
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26
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Almatroodi SA, Alrumaihi F, Alsahli MA, Alhommrani MF, Khan A, Rahmani AH. Curcumin, an Active Constituent of Turmeric Spice: Implication in the Prevention of Lung Injury Induced by Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP) in Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030724. [PMID: 32046055 PMCID: PMC7037262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a well-known carcinogen and enhances oxidative stress and apoptosis and also alters several molecular pathways. Curcumin is an active ingredient of Curcuma longa, and it has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity that defends cells from oxidative stress and cell death. The objectives of the present study were to explore the protective effects of curcumin against long-term administration of BaP induced disturbances in lungs of rats. Male rats were randomly divided into four groups: saline control, BaP only, BaP + curcumin, and curcumin only. Lung histopathology, electron microscopy, inflammatory cytokine release, antioxidant levels, apoptosis, and cell cycle were examined. Instillation of BaP significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in alveolar space and inflammatory cytokine in blood. BaP induced lung tissue alterations including mild bronchitis, scant chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in the wall of the respiratory bronchiole, and mild intra-alveolar haemorrhage. However, these alterations were found to be significantly less as mild inflammatory cell infiltrate in curcumin plus BaP treated group. Furthermore, electron microscopy results also showed necrotic changes and broken cell membrane of Type-II epithelial cell of alveoli in BaP group, which was reduced after adding curcumin treatment. In addition, we found BaP plus curcumin treatment effectively reduced inflammatory cytokines Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in blood serum. Moreover, the levels of tunnel staining and p53 expression were significantly increased by BaP, whereas these changes were noticeably modulated after curcumin treatment. BaP also interferes in normal cell cycle, which was significantly improved with curcumin treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that curcumin attenuates BaP -induced lung injury, probably through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells, and improving cell proliferation and antioxidants level. Thus, curcumin may be an alternative therapy for improving the outcomes of Benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mazen Fahad Alhommrani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3800050 (ext. 4835)
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Abstract
RATIONALE The relationship between air pollution and pneumonia is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To examine relationships between short-term air pollution exposure and number and severity of pneumonia cases along the Wasatch Front in Utah, a region with periodic high levels of outdoor air pollution. METHODS We applied time-stratified case-crossover analyses with distributed lag to patients presenting to seven emergency departments with pneumonia over a 2-year period. We compared levels of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone at patient residences with emergency department cases, hospitalizations, objectively defined severe pneumonia, and mortality. We calculated direct cost impacts of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter reduction. RESULTS We evaluated 4,336 pneumonia cases in seven hospitals. Among adults aged 65 years and older, we found consistently positive associations between particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter within 6 days of presentation and instances of pneumonia (Lag Day 1 adjusted odds ratio, 1.35 per 10 μg/m3 over 12 μg/m3; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.57), severe pneumonia (Lag Day 1 adjusted odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.80), and inpatient mortality (Lag Day 5 adjusted odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.16). Smaller associations were found between nitrogen dioxide exposure and pneumonia occurrence, severity, and inpatient and 30-day mortality. Ozone exposure was modestly associated with increased instance and severity of pneumonia in younger adults. Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter and nitrogen dioxide effects were greatest in colder months, and ozone effects were greatest in warmer months. Reduction of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter levels to less than 12.0 mg/m3 could prevent 76-112 cases of pneumonia per year in these hospitals serving approximately half of the Wasatch Front's population, reducing direct medical facility costs by $807,000 annually. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults, short-term ambient particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter exposure is associated with more emergency department visits and hospitalizations for pneumonia, severe pneumonia, increased mortality, and increased healthcare costs. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone modestly increase pneumonia risk and illness severity.
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28
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M'Koma AE. The Multifactorial Etiopathogeneses Interplay of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019; 1:75-105. [PMID: 37577036 PMCID: PMC10416806 DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system where inflammatory bowel disease occurs is central to the immune system where the innate and the adaptive/acquired immune systems are balanced in interactions with gut microbes under homeostasis conditions. This article overviews the high-throughput research screening on multifactorial interplay between genetic risk factors, the intestinal microbiota, urbanization, modernization, Westernization, the environmental influences and immune responses in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Inflammatory bowel disease is an expensive multifactorial debilitating disease that affects thousands new people annually worldwide with no known etiology or cure. The conservative therapeutics focus on the established pathology where the immune dysfunction and gut injury have already happened but do not preclude or delay the progression. Inflammatory bowel disease is evolving globally and has become a global emergence disease. It is largely known to be a disease in industrial-urbanized societies attributed to modernization and Westernized lifestyle associated with environmental factors to genetically susceptible individuals with determined failure to process certain commensal antigens. In the developing nations, increasing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with rapid urbanization, modernization and Westernization of the population. In summary, there are identified multiple associations to host exposures potentiating the landscape risk hazards of inflammatory bowel disease trigger, that include: Western life-style and diet, host genetics, altered innate and/or acquired/adaptive host immune responses, early-life microbiota exposure, change in microbiome symbiotic relationship (dysbiosis/dysbacteriosis), pollution, changing hygiene status, socioeconomic status and several other environmental factors have long-standing effects/influence tolerance. The ongoing multipronged robotic studies on gut microbiota composition disparate patterns between the rural vs. urban locations may help elucidate and better understand the contribution of microbiome disciplines/ecology and evolutionary biology in potentially protecting against the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amosy E M'Koma
- Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Colon and Rectal Surgery, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), Arlington Heights, IL 60005, USA
- The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Li X, Sun Y, An Y, Wang R, Lin H, Liu M, Li S, Ma M, Xiao C. Air pollution during the winter period and respiratory tract microbial imbalance in a healthy young population in Northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:972-979. [PMID: 31126003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the relationship between air pollution and the respiratory tract microbiota, 114 healthy volunteers aged 18-21 years were selected during the winter heating period in Northeast China; 35 from a lightly polluted region (group A), 40 from a moderately polluted region (group B) and 39 from a heavily polluted region (group C). Microbial genome DNA was extracted from throat swab samples to study the oral flora composition of the volunteers by amplifying and sequencing the V3 regions of prokaryotic 16S rRNA. Lung function tests were also performed. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were significantly lower and Firmicutes Proteonacteria and Actinobacteria higher in participants from polluted regions. Within bacteria classes, Bacterioida abundance was lower and Clostridia abundance higher in polluted areas, which was also reflected in the order of abundance. In samples from region C, the abundance of Prevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Fusobacteriaceae Paraprevollaceae and Flavobacteriaceae were lowest among the 3 regions studied, whereas the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were the highest. From group A to group C, the relative class abundances of Prevotella, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Camphylobacter and Capnocytophaga Porphyromonas, Peptostreptococcus and Moraxella became lower in polluted areas. Pulmonary function correlated with air pollution and the oropharyngeal microbiota differed within regions of high, medium and low air pollution. Thus, during the winter heating period in Northeast China, the imbalance of the oropharyngeal microbiota might be caused by air pollution and is likely associated with impairment of lung function in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No.146, North Huanghe Street, Yuhong District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No.146, North Huanghe Street, Yuhong District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China
| | - Yunhe An
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27, West Sanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central Hospital affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, No. 5 South Seven West Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110024, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Environmental Forecasting, Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Center, No.98 Quanyun Third Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Environmental Forecasting, Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Center, No.98 Quanyun Third Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Shuyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No.146, North Huanghe Street, Yuhong District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No.146, North Huanghe Street, Yuhong District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No.146, North Huanghe Street, Yuhong District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China.
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Losacco C, Perillo A. Particulate matter air pollution and respiratory impact on humans and animals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33901-33910. [PMID: 30284710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is now fully acknowledged to be a public health problem and a social issue. Particulate matter (PM) concentration has been linked with several clinical manifestations of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and is associated with morbidity and mortality induced by respiratory diseases both in human and animals. Current research on airborne particle-induced health effects investigates the critical characteristics of particulate matter that determine their biological effects. Scientific evidence assessed that the size of the airborne particles and their surface area determine the potential to elicit inflammatory injury, oxidative damage, and other biological effects. Thus, the present review paper aims to summarize the current evidences and findings on the effect of air pollution on lung function in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Losacco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Perillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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31
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Rönkkö TJ, Jalava PI, Happo MS, Kasurinen S, Sippula O, Leskinen A, Koponen H, Kuuspalo K, Ruusunen J, Väisänen O, Hao L, Ruuskanen A, Orasche J, Fang D, Zhang L, Lehtinen KEJ, Zhao Y, Gu C, Wang Q, Jokiniemi J, Komppula M, Hirvonen MR. Emissions and atmospheric processes influence the chemical composition and toxicological properties of urban air particulate matter in Nanjing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1290-1310. [PMID: 29929296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient inhalable particulate matter (PM) is a serious health concern worldwide, but especially so in China where high PM concentrations affect huge populations. Atmospheric processes and emission sources cause spatial and temporal variations in PM concentration and chemical composition, but their influence on the toxicological characteristics of PM are still inadequately understood. In this study, we report an extensive chemical and toxicological characterization of size-segregated urban air inhalable PM collected in August and October 2013 from Nanjing, and assess the effects of atmospheric processes and likely emission sources. A549 human alveolar epithelial cells were exposed to day- and nighttime PM samples (25, 75, 150, 200, 300 μg/ml) followed by analyses of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, cell cycle, and inflammatory response. PM10-2.5 and PM0.2 caused the greatest toxicological responses for different endpoints, illustrating that particles with differing size and chemical composition activate distinct toxicological pathways in A549 cells. PM10-2.5 displayed the greatest oxidative stress and genotoxic responses; both were higher for the August samples compared with October. In contrast, PM0.2 and PM2.5-1.0 samples displayed high cytotoxicity and substantially disrupted cell cycle; August samples were more cytotoxic whereas October samples displayed higher cell cycle disruption. Several components associated with combustion, traffic, and industrial emissions displayed strong correlations with these toxicological responses. The lower responses for PM1.0-0.2 compared to PM0.2 and PM2.5-1.0 indicate diminished toxicological effects likely due to aerosol aging and lower proportion of fresh emission particles rich in highly reactive chemical components in the PM1.0-0.2 fraction. Different emission sources and atmospheric processes caused variations in the chemical composition and toxicological responses between PM fractions, sampling campaigns, and day and night. The results indicate different toxicological pathways for coarse-mode particles compared to the smaller particle fractions with typically higher content of combustion-derived components. The variable responses inside PM fractions demonstrate that differences in chemical composition influence the induced toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu J Rönkkö
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko S Happo
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefanie Kasurinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Koponen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Kuuspalo
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarno Ruusunen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Väisänen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Liqing Hao
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Ruuskanen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Die Fang
- Nanjing University, School of the Environment, Branch 24 Mailbox of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Nanjing University, School of the Environment, Branch 24 Mailbox of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Kari E J Lehtinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yu Zhao
- Nanjing University, School of the Environment, Branch 24 Mailbox of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- Nanjing University, School of the Environment, Branch 24 Mailbox of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- Nanjing University, School of the Environment, Branch 24 Mailbox of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Komppula
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract
In the 21st century, urbanization represents a major demographic shift in developed and developing countries. Rapid urbanization in the developing world has been associated with an increasing incidence of several autoimmune diseases, including IBD. Patients with IBD exhibit a decrease in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota, while urbanization attenuates the gut microbial diversity and might have a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Environmental exposures during urbanization, including Westernization of diet, increased antibiotic use, pollution, improved hygiene status and early-life microbial exposure, have been shown to affect the gut microbiota. The disparate patterns of the gut microbiota composition in rural and urban areas offer an opportunity to understand the contribution of a 'rural microbiome' in potentially protecting against the development of IBD. This Perspective discusses the effect of urbanization and its surrogates on the gut microbiome (bacteriome, virome, mycobiome and helminths) in both human health and IBD and how such changes might be associated with the development of IBD.
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Gawda A, Majka G, Nowak B, Śróttek M, Walczewska M, Marcinkiewicz J. Air particulate matter SRM 1648a primes macrophages to hyperinflammatory response after LPS stimulation. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:765-776. [PMID: 29922853 PMCID: PMC6096616 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is associated with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Macrophages are responsible for the regulation of chronic inflammation. However, whether PM affects macrophage polarization remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether nontoxic concentrations of urban PM are able to prime macrophages to altered inflammatory response upon LPS challenge. Methods We used two forms of the urban particulate matter SRM 1648a, intact PM and PM deprived of organic compounds (PM∆C). Peritoneal murine macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of PM for 24 h and then challenged with LPS. Production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages was measured to test immunostimulatory/priming capacity of PM. Results Particulate matter used at non-cytotoxic concentrations induced a dose-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p40). By contrast, PM∆C were not able to stimulate macrophages. However, macrophages primed with both forms of PM show proinflammatory response upon LPS challenge. Conclusions Our data indicate that exposure of macrophages to low concentrations of PM may prime the cells to hyperinflammatory response upon contact with LPS. Further studies are necessary to explain whether the exposure of patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases to particulate matter is responsible for the exacerbation of clinical symptoms during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gawda
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Majka
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Nowak
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Śróttek
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczewska
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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34
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Ji J, Upadhyay S, Xiong X, Malmlöf M, Sandström T, Gerde P, Palmberg L. Multi-cellular human bronchial models exposed to diesel exhaust particles: assessment of inflammation, oxidative stress and macrophage polarization. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:19. [PMID: 29716632 PMCID: PMC5930819 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are a major component of outdoor air pollution. DEP mediated pulmonary effects are plausibly linked to inflammatory and oxidative stress response in which macrophages (MQ), epithelial cells and their cell-cell interaction plays a crucial role. Therefore, in this study we aimed at studying the cellular crosstalk between airway epithelial cells with MQ and MQ polarization following exposure to aerosolized DEP by assessing inflammation, oxidative stress, and MQ polarization response markers. Method Lung mucosa models including primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) were co-cultured without (PBEC-ALI) and with MQ (PBEC-ALI/MQ). Cells were exposed to 12.7 μg/cm2 aerosolized DEP using XposeALI®. Control (sham) models were exposed to clean air. Cell viability was assessed. CXCL8 and IL-6 were measured in the basal medium by ELISA. The mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (CXCL8, IL6, TNFα), oxidative stress (NFKB, HMOX1, GPx) and MQ polarization markers (IL10, IL4, IL13, MRC1, MRC2 RETNLA, IL12 andIL23) were measured by qRT-PCR. The surface/mRNA expression of TLR2/TLR4 was detected by FACS and qRT-PCR. Results In PBEC-ALI exposure to DEP significantly increased the secretion of CXCL8, mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (CXCL8, TNFα) and oxidative stress markers (NFKB, HMOX1, GPx). However, mRNA expressions of these markers (CXCL8, IL6, NFKB, and HMOX1) were reduced in PBEC-ALI/MQ models after DEP exposure. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression increased after DEP exposure in PBEC-ALI. The surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on PBEC was significantly reduced in sham-exposed PBEC-ALI/MQ compared to PBEC-ALI. After DEP exposure surface expression of TLR2 was increased on PBEC of PBEC-ALI/MQ, while TLR4 was decreased in both models. DEP exposure resulted in similar expression pattern of TLR2/TLR4 on MQ as in PBEC. In PBEC-ALI/MQ, DEP exposure increased the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage markers (IL10, IL4, IL13, MRC1, MRC2). Conclusion The cellular interaction of PBEC with MQ in response to DEP plays a pivotal role for MQ phenotypic alteration towards M2-subtypes, thereby promoting an efficient resolution of the inflammation. Furthermore, this study highlighted the fact that cell–cell interaction using multicellular ALI-models combined with an in vivo-like inhalation exposure system is critical in better mimicking the airway physiology compared with traditional cell culture systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0256-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Swapna Upadhyay
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiaomiao Xiong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Malmlöf
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Gerde
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fonceca AM, Zosky GR, Bozanich EM, Sutanto EN, Kicic A, McNamara PS, Knight DA, Sly PD, Turner DJ, Stick SM. Accumulation mode particles and LPS exposure induce TLR-4 dependent and independent inflammatory responses in the lung. Respir Res 2018; 19:15. [PMID: 29357863 PMCID: PMC5778683 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation mode particles (AMP) are formed from engine combustion and make up the inhalable vapour cloud of ambient particulate matter pollution. Their small size facilitates dispersal and subsequent exposure far from their original source, as well as the ability to penetrate alveolar spaces and capillary walls of the lung when inhaled. A significant immuno-stimulatory component of AMP is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a product of Gram negative bacteria breakdown. As LPS is implicated in the onset and exacerbation of asthma, the presence or absence of LPS in ambient particulate matter (PM) may explain the onset of asthmatic exacerbations to PM exposure. This study aimed to delineate the effects of LPS and AMP on airway inflammation, and potential contribution to airways disease by measuring airway inflammatory responses induced via activation of the LPS cellular receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). Methods The effects of nebulized AMP, LPS and AMP administered with LPS on lung function, cellular inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine responses were compared between wildtype mice and mice not expressing TLR-4. Results The presence of LPS administered with AMP appeared to drive elevated airway resistance and sensitivity via TLR-4. Augmented TLR4 driven eosinophilia and greater TNF-α responses observed in AMP-LPS treated mice independent of TLR-4 expression, suggests activation of allergic responses by TLR4 and non-TLR4 pathways larger than those induced by LPS administered alone. Treatment with AMP induced macrophage recruitment independent of TLR-4 expression. Conclusions These findings suggest AMP-LPS as a stronger stimulus for allergic inflammation in the airways then LPS alone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0701-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Fonceca
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | | | | | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Princess Margaret Hospital for Children Perth, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Princess Margaret Hospital for Children Perth, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Paul S McNamara
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter D Sly
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Stephen M Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Princess Margaret Hospital for Children Perth, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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Zhang SY, Shao D, Liu H, Feng J, Feng B, Song X, Zhao Q, Chu M, Jiang C, Huang W, Wang X. Metabolomics analysis reveals that benzo[a]pyrene, a component of PM 2.5, promotes pulmonary injury by modifying lipid metabolism in a phospholipase A2-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. Redox Biol 2017; 13:459-469. [PMID: 28715731 PMCID: PMC5512213 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μM (PM2.5) is one of the major environmental pollutants in China. In this study, we carried out a metabolomics profile study on PM2.5-induced inflammation. PM2.5 from Beijing, China, was collected and given to rats through intra-tracheal instillation in vivo. Acute pulmonary injury were observed by pulmonary function assessment and H.E. staining. The lipid metabolic profile was also altered with increased phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolites in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after PM2.5 instillation. Organic component analysis revealed that benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most abundant and toxic components in the PM2.5 collected on the fiber filter. In vitro, BaP was used to treat A549 cells, an alveolar type II cell line. BaP (4μM, 24h) induced inflammation in the cells. Metabolomics analysis revealed that BaP (4μM, 6h) treatment altered the cellular lipid metabolic profile with increased phospholipid metabolites and reduced sphingolipid metabolites and free fatty acids (FFAs). The proportion of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was also decreased. Mechanically, BaP (4μM) increased the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity at 4h as well as the mRNA level of Pla2g2a at 12h. The pro-inflammatory effect of BaP was reversed by the cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) inhibitor and chelator of intracellular Ca2+. This study revealed that BaP, as a component of PM2.5, induces pulmonary injury by activating PLA2 and elevating lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in a Ca2+-dependent manner in the alveolar type II cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Shao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Roper C, Chubb LG, Cambal L, Tunno B, Clougherty JE, Fattman C, Mischler SE. Association of IL-6 with PM 2.5 Components: Importance of Characterizing Filter-Based PM 2.5 Following Extraction. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2017; 228:43. [PMID: 28989204 PMCID: PMC5628506 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-016-3219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Filter-based toxicology studies are conducted to establish the biological plausibility of the well-established health impacts associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. Ambient PM2.5 collected on filters is extracted into solution for toxicology applications, but frequently, characterization is nonexistent or only performed on filter-based PM2.5, without consideration of compositional differences that occur during the extraction processes. To date, the impact of making associations to measured components in ambient instead of extracted PM2.5 has not been investigated. Filter-based PM2.5 was collected at locations (n = 5) and detailed characterization of both ambient and extracted PM2.5 was performed. Alveolar macrophages (AMJ2-C11) were exposed (3, 24, and 48 h) to PM2.5 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 was measured. IL-6 release differed significantly between PM2.5 collected from different locations; surprisingly, IL-6 release was highest following treatment with PM2.5 from the lowest ambient concentration location. IL-6 was negatively correlated with the sum of ambient metals analyzed, as well as with concentrations of specific constituents which have been previously associated with respiratory health effects. However, positive correlations of IL-6 with extracted concentrations indicated that the negative associations between IL-6 and ambient concentrations do not accurately represent the relationship between inflammation and PM2.5 exposure. Additionally, seven organic compounds had significant associations with IL-6 release when considering ambient concentrations, but they were not detected in the extracted solution. Basing inflammatory associations on ambient concentrations that are not necessarily representative of in vitro exposures creates misleading results; this study highlights the importance of characterizing extraction solutions to conduct accurate health impact research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Roper
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren G Chubb
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leah Cambal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brett Tunno
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jane E Clougherty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cheryl Fattman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven E Mischler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Stiegel MA, Pleil JD, Sobus JR, Stevens T, Madden MC. Linking physiological parameters to perturbations in the human exposome: Environmental exposures modify blood pressure and lung function via inflammatory cytokine pathway. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:485-501. [PMID: 28696913 PMCID: PMC6089069 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1330578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring is an indispensable tool for evaluating the systemic effects derived from external stressors including environmental pollutants, chemicals from consumer products, and pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to explore consequences of environmental exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone (O3) and ultimately to interpret these parameters from the perspective of in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. In particular, the objective was to use cytokine expression at the cellular level as a biomarker for physiological systemic responses such as blood pressure and lung function at the systemic level. The values obtained could ultimately link in vivo behavior to simpler in vitro experiments where cytokines are a measured parameter. Human exposures to combinations of DE and O3 and the response correlations between forced exhaled volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), and 10 inflammatory cytokines in blood (interleukins 1β, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12p70 and 13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) were determined in 15 healthy human volunteers. Results across all exposures revealed that certain individuals displayed greater inflammatory responses compared to the group and, generally, there was more between-person variation in the responses. Evidence indicates that individuals are more stable within themselves and are more likely to exhibit responses independent of one another. Data suggest that in vitro findings may ultimately be implemented to elucidate underlying adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for linking high-throughput toxicity tests to physiological in vivo responses. Further, this investigation supports assessing subjects based upon individual responses as a complement to standard longitudinal (pre vs. post) intervention grouping strategies. Ultimately, it may become possible to predict a physiological (systemic) response based upon cellular-level (in vitro) observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stiegel
- a Duke University Medical Center , Department of Occupational and Environmental Safety , Durham , NC , US
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- b United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Lab , Exposure Methods and Measurement Division , Research Triangle Park , NC , US
| | - Jon R Sobus
- b United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Lab , Exposure Methods and Measurement Division , Research Triangle Park , NC , US
| | - Tina Stevens
- c United States Environmental Protection Agency , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Environmental Public Health Division , Chapel Hill , NC , US
| | - Michael C Madden
- c United States Environmental Protection Agency , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Environmental Public Health Division , Chapel Hill , NC , US
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Leclercq B, Happillon M, Antherieu S, Hardy EM, Alleman LY, Grova N, Perdrix E, Appenzeller BM, Lo Guidice JM, Coddeville P, Garçon G. Differential responses of healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM 4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1074-1088. [PMID: 27593349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM) exerts its harmful health effects is still incomplete, detailed in vitro studies are highly needed. With the aim of getting closer to the human in vivo conditions and better integrating a number of factors related to pre-existing chronic pulmonary inflammatory, we sought to develop primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-diseased human bronchial epithelial (DHBE) cells, grown at the air-liquid interface. Pan-cytokeratin and MUC5AC immunostaining confirmed the specific cell-types of both these healthy and diseased cell models and showed they are closed to human bronchial epithelia. Thereafter, healthy and diseased cells were repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM4 at the non-cytotoxic concentration of 5 μg/cm2. The differences between the oxidative and inflammatory states in non-exposed NHBE and COPD-DHBE cells indicated that diseased cells conserved their specific physiopathological characteristics. Increases in both oxidative damage and cytokine secretion were reported in repeatedly exposed NHBE cells and particularly in COPD-DHBE cells. Diseased cells repeatedly exposed had lower capacities to metabolize the organic chemicals-coated onto the air-pollution-derived PM4, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), but showed higher sensibility to the formation of OH-B[a]P DNA adducts, because their diseased state possibly affected their defenses. Differential profiles of epigenetic hallmarks (i.e., global DNA hypomethylation, P16 promoter hypermethylation, telomere length shortening, telomerase activation, and histone H3 modifications) occurred in repeatedly exposed NHBE and particularly in COPD-DHBE cells. Taken together, these results closely supported the highest responsiveness of COPD-DHBE cells to a repeated exposure to air pollution-derived PM4. The use of these innovative in vitro exposure systems such as NHBE and COPD-DHBE cells could therefore be consider as a very useful and powerful promising tool in the field of the respiratory toxicology, taking into account sensitive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leclercq
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPECS, France; Mines de Douai, SAGE, CS10838, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - M Happillon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPECS, France
| | - S Antherieu
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPECS, France
| | - E M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - L Y Alleman
- Mines de Douai, SAGE, CS10838, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - N Grova
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - E Perdrix
- Mines de Douai, SAGE, CS10838, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - B M Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - J-M Lo Guidice
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPECS, France
| | - P Coddeville
- Mines de Douai, SAGE, CS10838, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - G Garçon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPECS, France.
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40
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Saenen ND, Provost EB, Viaene MK, Vanpoucke C, Lefebvre W, Vrijens K, Roels HA, Nawrot TS. Recent versus chronic exposure to particulate matter air pollution in association with neurobehavioral performance in a panel study of primary schoolchildren. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 95:112-9. [PMID: 27575366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Children's neuropsychological abilities are in a developmental stage. Recent air pollution exposure and neurobehavioral performance are scarcely studied. In a panel study, we repeatedly administered to each child the following neurobehavioral tests: Stroop Test (selective attention) and Continuous Performance Test (sustained attention), Digit Span Forward and Backward Tests (short-term memory), and Digit-Symbol and Pattern Comparison Tests (visual information processing speed). At school, recent inside classroom particulate matter ≤2.5 or 10μm exposure (PM2.5, PM10) was monitored on each examination day. At the child's residence, recent (same day up to 2days before) and chronic (365days before examination) exposures to PM2.5, PM10 and black carbon (BC) were modeled. Repeated neurobehavioral test performances (n=894) of the children (n=310) reflected slower Stroop Test (p=0.05) and Digit-Symbol Test (p=0.01) performances with increasing recent inside classroom PM2.5 exposure. An interquartile range (IQR) increment in recent residential outdoor PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increase in average latency of 0.087s (SE: ±0.034; p=0.01) in the Pattern Comparison Test. Regarding chronic exposure at residence, an IQR increment of PM2.5 exposure was associated with slower performances in the Continuous Performance (9.45±3.47msec; p=0.007) and Stroop Tests (59.9±26.5msec; p=0.02). Similar results were obtained for PM10 exposure. In essence, we showed differential neurobehavioral changes robustly and adversely associated with recent or chronic ambient exposure to PM air pollution at residence, i.e., with recent exposure for visual information processing speed (Pattern Comparison Test) and with chronic exposure for sustained and selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eline B Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Mineke K Viaene
- Department of Neurology, Sint Dimphna Hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | | | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Harry A Roels
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
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41
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Protein oxidation and degradation caused by particulate matter. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33727. [PMID: 27644844 PMCID: PMC5028717 DOI: 10.1038/srep33727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) modulates the expression of autophagy; however, the role of selective autophagy by PM remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the underlying mechanisms in protein oxidation and degradation caused by PM. Human epithelial A549 cells were exposed to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), urban dust (UD), and carbon black (CB; control particles). Cell survival and proliferation were significantly reduced by DEPs and UD in A549 cells. First, benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE) protein adduct was caused by DEPs at 150 μg/ml. Methionine oxidation (MetO) of human albumin proteins was induced by DEPs, UD, and CB; however, the protein repair mechanism that converts MetO back to methionine by methionine sulfoxide reductases A (MSRA) and B3 (MSRB3) was activated by DEPs and inhibited by UD, suggesting that oxidized protein was accumulating in cells. As to the degradation of oxidized proteins, proteasome and autophagy activation was induced by CB with ubiquitin accumulation, whereas proteasome and autophagy activation was induced by DEPs without ubiquitin accumulation. The results suggest that CB-induced protein degradation may be via an ubiquitin-dependent autophagy pathway, whereas DEP-induced protein degradation may be via an ubiquitin-independent autophagy pathway. A distinct proteotoxic effect may depend on the physicochemistry of PM.
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Olloquequi J, Silva O R. Biomass smoke as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects on innate immunity. Innate Immun 2016; 22:373-81. [PMID: 27226464 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916650272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, is considered an archetypical disease of innate immunity, where inhaled particles and gases trigger an inflammatory response, favoring tissue proliferation in small airways and tissue destruction in lung parenchyma, in addition to the recruitment of immune cells to these compartments. Although cigarette smoking is still considered the main risk factor for developing COPD, the trend of proposing biomass smoke (BS) exposure as a principal risk factor is gaining importance, as around 3 billion people worldwide are exposed to this pollutant daily. A considerable amount of evidence has shown the potential of BS as an enhancer of lung inflammation. However, an impairment of some innate immune responses after BS exposure has also been described. Regarding the mechanisms by which biomass smoke alters the innate immune responses, three main classes of cell surface receptors-the TLRs, the scavenger receptors and the transient receptor potential channels-have shown the ability to transduce signals initiated after BS exposure. This article is an updated and comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory effects described after the interaction of BS components with these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Rafael Silva O
- Unidad de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Regional de Talca, Región del Maule, Chile
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43
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Labranche N, Khattabi CE, Berkenboom G, Pochet S. Effects of diesel exhaust particles on macrophage polarization. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:412-420. [PMID: 27224998 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116651123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has long been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The development of DEP toxicity seems to be linked to inflammation in which macrophages play a critical role. Macrophages can be polarized into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. The aim of this study was to identify the role of inflammation in DEP-induced toxicity by assessing the effects of DEP on macrophage polarization. METHODS Monocyte-derived macrophages (Mϕ) were stimulated with interferon γ and lipopolysaccharide or interleukin (IL)-4 to obtain M1 and M2 subtypes, respectively. To test the polarization capacity of DEP, Mϕ cells were exposed to DEP and compared to Mϕ, M1, and M2. We also studied the effects of DEP on already-polarized M1 or M2. The M1 markers assessed were tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-1β, while the M2 markers were the mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC-1) and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). RESULTS Western blots revealed a 31 kDa band corresponding to pro-IL-1β, but only in M1-polarized macrophages. In M1, we also observed an upregulation of TNF-α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. MRC-1 and TGM2 mRNA expression were only significantly enhanced in M2. DEP had no effect on any of the M1/M2 markers assessed. Moreover, DEP were not able to modify the phenotype of already-polarized M1 or M2. CONCLUSION Mϕ incubation with DEP did not have any effect on macrophage polarization, at least on the markers assessed in this study, namely, TNF-α/IL-1β for M1, and MRC-1/TGM2 for M2. Hence, these data argue against an important role of inflammation in DEP-induced vascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Labranche
- 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C El Khattabi
- 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Berkenboom
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Pochet
- 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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44
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Li G, Cao Y, Sun Y, Xu R, Zheng Z, Song H. Ultrafine particles in the airway aggravated experimental lung injury through impairment in Treg function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:494-500. [PMID: 27179778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by rapid-onset alveolar-capillary damage mediated by pathogenic proinflammatory immune responses. Since exposure to airway particulate matter (PM) could significantly change the inflammatory status of the individual, we investigated whether PM instillation in the airway could alter the course of ALI, using a murine model with experimental lung injury induced by intratracheal LPS challenge. We found that PM-treated mice presented significantly aggravated lung injury, which was characterized by further reductions in body weight, increased protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and higher mortality rate, compared to control saline-treated mice. The PM-treated mice also presented elevated lung and systemic type 1 T helper cell (Th1) frequency as well as reduced lung regulatory T cell (Treg) frequency, which was associated with severity of lung injury. Further examinations revealed that the Treg function was impaired in PM-treated mice, characterized by significantly repressed transforming growth factor beta production. Adoptive transfer of functional Tregs from control mice to PM-treated mice significantly improved their prognosis after intratracheal LPS challenge. Together, these results demonstrated that first, PM in the airway aggravated lung injury; second, severity of lung injury was associated with T cell subset imbalance in PM-treated mice; and third, PM treatment induced quantitative as well as qualitative changes in the Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanggang Li
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yinghua Cao
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhendong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Haihan Song
- Emergency Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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45
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Stiegel MA, Pleil JD, Sobus JR, Madden MC. Inflammatory Cytokines and White Blood Cell Counts Response to Environmental Levels of Diesel Exhaust and Ozone Inhalation Exposures. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152458. [PMID: 27058360 PMCID: PMC4825980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological observations of urban inhalation exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone (O3) have shown pre-clinical cardiopulmonary responses in humans. Identifying the key biological mechanisms that initiate these health bioindicators is difficult due to variability in environmental exposure in time and from person to person. Previously, environmentally controlled human exposure chambers have been used to study DE and O3 dose-response patterns separately, but investigation of co-exposures has not been performed under controlled conditions. Because a mixture is a more realistic exposure scenario for the general public, in this study we investigate the relationships of urban levels of urban-level DE exposure (300 μg/m3), O3 (0.3 ppm), DE + O3 co-exposure, and innate immune system responses. Fifteen healthy human volunteers were studied for changes in ten inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1β, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12p70 and 13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and counts of three white blood cell types (lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils) following controlled exposures to DE, O3, and DE+O3. The results show subtle cytokines responses to the diesel-only and ozone-only exposures, and that a more complex (possibly synergistic) relationship exists in the combination of these two exposures with suppression of IL-5, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, and TNF-α that persists up to 22-hours for IFN-γ and TNF-α. The white blood cell differential counts showed significant monocyte and lymphocyte decreases and neutrophil increases following the DE + O3 exposure; lymphocytes and neutrophils changes also persist for at least 22-hours. Because human studies must be conducted under strict safety protocols at environmental levels, these effects are subtle and are generally only seen with detailed statistical analysis. This study indicates that the observed associations between environmental exposures and cardiopulmonary effects are possibly mediated by inflammatory response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Stiegel
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Occupational and Environmental Safety, Division of Occupational Hygiene and Safety, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joachim D. Pleil
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Lab, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jon R. Sobus
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Lab, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Madden
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Environmental Public Health Division, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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46
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Chen WL, Lin CY, Yan YH, Cheng KT, Cheng TJ. Alterations in rat pulmonary phosphatidylcholines after chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 10:3163-9. [PMID: 25236678 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidated the underlying pathophysiological changes that occur after chronic ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure via a lipidomic approach. Five male Sprague-Dawley rats were continually whole-body exposed to ambient air containing PM2.5 at 16.7 ± 10.1 μg m(-3) from the outside of the building for 8 months, whereas a control group (n = 5) inhaled filtered air. Phosphorylcholine-containing lipids were extracted from lung tissue and profiled using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The phosphatidylcholine (PC) signal features of the two groups were compared using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. The PC profile of the exposure group differed from that of the control group; the R(2)Y and Q(2) were 0.953 and 0.677, respectively, in the PLS-DA model. In the exposure group, a significant 0.66- to 0.80-fold reduction in lyso-PC levels, which may have resulted from repeated inflammation, was observed. Decreased surfactant PCs by 16% at most may indicate injuries to alveolar type II cells. Cell function and cell signalling are likely to be altered because the decrease in unsaturated PCs may reduce membrane fluidity. Accompanied by the decline in plasmenylcholines, decreased unsaturated PCs may indicate the attack of reactive oxygen species generated by PM2.5 exposure. The physiological findings conformed to the histopathological changes in the exposed animals. PC profiling using UPLC-MS/MS-based lipidomics is sensitive for reflecting pathophysiological perturbations in the lung after long-term and low concentration PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Institute of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
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47
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Kisin ER, Yanamala N, Farcas MT, Gutkin DW, Shurin MR, Kagan VE, Bugarski AD, Shvedova AA. Abnormalities in the male reproductive system after exposure to diesel and biodiesel blend. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:265-76. [PMID: 25327512 PMCID: PMC4946425 DOI: 10.1002/em.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Altering the fuel source from petroleum-based ultralow sulfur diesel to biodiesel and its blends is considered by many to be a sustainable choice for controlling exposures to particulate material. As the exhaust of biodiesel/diesel blends is composed of a combination of combustion products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters, we hypothesize that 50% biodiesel/diesel blend (BD50) exposure could induce harmful outcomes because of its ability to trigger oxidative damage. Here, adverse effects were compared in murine male reproductive organs after pharyngeal aspiration with particles generated by engine fueled with BD50 or neat petroleum diesel (D100). When compared with D100, exposure to BD50 significantly altered sperm integrity, including concentration, motility, and morphological abnormalities, as well as increasing testosterone levels in testes during the time course postexposure. Serum level of luteinizing hormone was significantly depleted only after BD50 exposure. Moreover, we observed that exposure to BD50 significantly increased sperm DNA fragmentation and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and testes on Day 7 postexposure when compared with D100. Histological evaluation of testes sections from BD50 exposure indicated more noticeable interstitial edema, degenerating spermatocytes, and dystrophic seminiferous tubules with arrested spermatogenesis. Significant differences in the level of oxidative stress assessed by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and depletion of glutathione were detected on exposure to respirable BD50 and D100. Taken together, these results indicate that exposure of mice to inhalable BD50 caused more pronounced adverse effects on male reproductive function than diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Kisin
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mariana T. Farcas
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Dmitriy W. Gutkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael R. Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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48
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Jaguin M, Fardel O, Lecureur V. Exposure to diesel exhaust particle extracts (DEPe) impairs some polarization markers and functions of human macrophages through activation of AhR and Nrf2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116560. [PMID: 25710172 PMCID: PMC4339390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ), well-known to play an important role in immune response, also respond to environmental toxic chemicals such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP). Potential effects of DEPs towards MΦ polarization, a key hall-mark of MΦ physiology, remain however poorly documented. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effects of a reference DEP extract (DEPe) on human MΦ polarization. Human blood monocytes-derived MΦ were incubated with IFNγ+LPS or IL-4 to obtain M1 and M2 subtypes, respectively; a 24 h exposure of polarizing MΦ to 10 μg/ml DEPe was found to impair expression of some macrophagic M1 and M2 markers, without however overall inhibition of M1 and M2 polarization processes. Notably, DEPe treatment increased the secretion of the M1 marker IL-8 and the M2 marker IL-10 in both MΦ subtypes, whereas it reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 and IL-12p40 secretion in M1 MΦ. In M2 MΦ, DEPe exposure led to a reduction of CD200R expression and of CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 secretion, associated with a lower chemotaxis of CCR4-positive cells. DEPe activated the Nrf2 and AhR pathways and induced expression of their reference target genes such as Hmox-1 and cytochrome P-4501B1 in M1 and M2 MΦ. Nrf2 or AhR silencing through RNA interference prevented DEPe-related down-regulation of IL-6. AhR silencing also inhibited the down-secretion of IL-12p40 and CCL18 in M1- and M2-DEPe-exposed MΦ, respectively. DEPs are therefore likely to alter expression of some M1 and M2 markers in an AhR- and Nrf2-dependent manner; such regulations may contribute to deleterious immune effects of atmospheric DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jaguin
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l’Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l’Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l’Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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49
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Dergham M, Lepers C, Verdin A, Cazier F, Billet S, Courcot D, Shirali P, Garçon G. Temporal-spatial variations of the physicochemical characteristics of air pollution Particulate Matter (PM2.5-0.3) and toxicological effects in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:256-267. [PMID: 25601727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While the evidence for the health adverse effects of air pollution Particulate Matter (PM) has been growing, there is still uncertainty as to which constituents within PM are most harmful. Hence, to contribute to fulfill this gap of knowledge, some physicochemical characteristics and toxicological endpoints (i.e. cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, cytokine secretion) of PM2.5-0.3 samples produced during two different seasons (i.e. spring/summer or autumn/winter) in three different surroundings (i.e. rural, urban, or industrial) were studied, thereby expecting to differentiate their respective adverse effects in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Physicochemical characteristics were closely related to respective origins and seasons of the six PM2.5-0.3 samples, highlighting the respective contributions of industrial and heavy motor vehicle traffic sources. Space- and season-dependent differences in cytotoxicity of the six PM2.5-0.3 samples could only be supported by considering both the physicochemical properties and the variance in air PM concentrations. Whatever spaces and seasons, dose- and even time-dependent increases in oxidative damage and cytokine secretion were reported in PM2.5-0.3-exposed BEAS-2B cells. However, the relationship between the chemical composition of each of the six PM2.5-0.3 samples and their oxidative or inflammatory potentials seemed to be very complex. These results supported the role of inorganic, ionic and organic components as exogenous source of Reactive Oxygen Species and, thereafter, cytokine secretion. Nevertheless, one of the most striking observation was that some inorganic, ionic and organic chemical components were preferentially associated with early oxidative events whereas others in the later oxidative damage and/or cytokine secretion. Taken together, these results indicated that PM mass concentration alone might not be able to explain the health outcomes, because PM is chemically nonspecific, and supported growing evidence that PM-size, composition and emission source, together with sampling season, interact in a complex manner to produce PM2.5-0.3-induced human adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dergham
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; EA 4492, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Capucine Lepers
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; EA 4492, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; EA 4492, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sylvain Billet
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; EA 4492, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; EA 4492, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Pirouz Shirali
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; EA 4492, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; EA 4492, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France; EA4483, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France.
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50
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Seriani R, Junqueira MS, Toledo AC, Corrêa AT, Silva LFF, Martins MA, Saldiva PHN, Mauad T, Macchione M. Organic and inorganic fractions of diesel exhaust particles produce changes in mucin profile of mouse trachea explants. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:215-225. [PMID: 25674825 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.947456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) contain organic and inorganic elements that produce damage to the respiratory epithelium. The aim of this study was to determine the mucus profile of tracheal explants exposed to either crude diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or DEP treated with nitric acid (DEP/NA), with hexane (DEP/HEX), or with methanol (DEP/MET) at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml for 30 and 60 min. Tracheal explants were subjected to morphometric analyses to study acidic (AB+), neutral (PAS+), and mixed (AB+/PAS+) mucus production and vacuolization (V). Incubation with 50 μg/ml crude DEP resulted in a rise in acid mucus production, an increase in vacuolization at 30 min, and reduction in neutral mucus at 30 and 60 min. Tracheas exposed to DEP/MET at 50 μg/ml for 30 or 60 min resulted in a significant decrease in neutral mucus production and an elevation in acid mucus production. DEP/HEX increased vacuolization at both 50 and 100 μg/ml at 30 and 60 min of exposure. Treatment with 50 μg/ml for 30 or 60 min significantly elevated mixed mucus levels. These results suggest that DEP appear to be more toxic when administered in combination with HEX or MET. DEP/MET modified the mucus profile of the epithelium, while DEP/HEX altered mucus extrusion, and these responses might be due to bioavailability of individual elements in DEP fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Seriani
- a Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP. Brazil
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