1
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Xu X, Wang X, Zhang L, Jin Y, Li L, Jin M, Li L, Ni H. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment confers resistance to neonatal ischemia and hypoxia: effects on neurobehavioral phenotypes. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2760-2772. [PMID: 38595293 PMCID: PMC11168517 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202412000-00031/figure1/v/2024-04-08T165401Z/r/image-tiff Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is the main cause of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. Currently, there are few effective clinical treatments for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective and molecular mechanisms of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which can protect against hypoxic injury in adulthood, in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. In this study, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before surgery and every 24 hours thereafter. The results showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment improved body weight, brain structure, adenosine triphosphate levels, oxidative damage, neurobehavioral test outcomes, and seizure threshold in experimental mice. Tandem mass tag proteomics revealed that numerous proteins were altered after nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury mice. Parallel reaction monitoring and western blotting confirmed changes in the expression levels of proteins including serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3N, fibronectin 1, 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA, microtubule associated protein 2, and complexin 2. Proteomics analyses showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ameliorated hypoxic-ischemic injury through inflammation-related signaling pathways (e.g., nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B). These findings suggest that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment can improve neurobehavioral phenotypes in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury mice through inflammation-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiming Jin
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Li
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meifang Jin
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Amin A, Perera ND, Tomas D, Cuic B, Radwan M, Hatters DM, Turner BJ, Shabanpoor F. Systemic administration of a novel Beclin 1-derived peptide significantly upregulates autophagy in the spinal motor neurons of autophagy reporter mice. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124198. [PMID: 38816263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system, plays a vital role in protecting cells by clearing damaged organelles, pathogens, and protein aggregates. Autophagy upregulation through pharmacological interventions has gained significant attention as a potential therapeutic avenue for proteinopathies. Here, we report the development of an autophagy-inducing peptide (BCN4) derived from the Beclin 1 protein, the master regulator of autophagy. To deliver the BCN4 into cells and the central nervous system (CNS), it was conjugated to our previously developed cell and blood-brain barrier-penetrating peptide (CPP). CPP-BCN4 significantly upregulated autophagy and reduced protein aggregates in motor neuron (MN)-like cells. Moreover, its systemic administration in a reporter mouse model of autophagy resulted in a significant increase in autophagy activity in the spinal MNs. Therefore, this novel autophagy-inducing peptide with a demonstrated ability to upregulate autophagy in the CNS has significant potential for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases with protein aggregates as a characteristic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Amin
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Nirma D Perera
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Doris Tomas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Brittany Cuic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Mona Radwan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Danny M Hatters
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Fazel Shabanpoor
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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3
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Nesci S, Algieri C, Tallarida MA, Stanzione R, Marchi S, Pietrangelo D, Trombetti F, D'Ambrosio L, Forte M, Cotugno M, Nunzi I, Bigi R, Maiuolo L, De Nino A, Pinton P, Romeo G, Rubattu S. Molecular mechanisms of naringenin modulation of mitochondrial permeability transition acting on F 1F O-ATPase and counteracting saline load-induced injury in SHRSP cerebral endothelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151398. [PMID: 38368729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG) was characterized for its ability to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction which is linked to cardiovascular diseases. The F1FO-ATPase can act as a molecular target of NRG. The interaction of NRG with this enzyme can avoid the energy transmission mechanism of ATP hydrolysis, especially in the presence of Ca2+ cation used as cofactor. Indeed, NRG was a selective inhibitor of the hydrophilic F1 domain displaying a binding site overlapped with quercetin in the inside surface of an annulus made by the three α and the three β subunits arranged alternatively in a hexamer. The kinetic constant of inhibition suggested that NRG preferred the enzyme activated by Ca2+ rather than the F1FO-ATPase activated by the natural cofactor Mg2+. From the inhibition type mechanism of NRG stemmed the possibility to speculate that NRG can prevent the activation of F1FO-ATPase by Ca2+. The event correlated to the protective role in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening by NRG as well as to the reduction of ROS production probably linked to the NRG chemical structure with antioxidant action. Moreover, in primary cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) obtained from stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats NRG had a protective effect on salt-induced injury by restoring cell viability and endothelial cell tube formation while also rescuing complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | | | | | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Luca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina 04100, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Nunzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola 48033, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
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Wu Y, Zhang C, Duan S, Li Y, Lu L, Bajpai A, Yang C, Mi J, Tian G, Xu F, Qi D, Xu Z, Chi XD. TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 are novel functional genes associated with glucose metabolism in BXD recombinant inbred population. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1775-1788. [PMID: 38385898 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM The liver is an important metabolic organ that governs glucolipid metabolism, and its dysfunction may cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, etc. We aimed to systematic investigate the key factors related to hepatic glucose metabolism, which may be beneficial for understanding the underlying pathogenic mechanisms for obesity and diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) phenotypes and liver transcriptomes of BXD mice under chow and high-fat diet conditions were collected from GeneNetwork. QTL mapping was conducted to pinpoint genomic regions associated with glucose homeostasis. Candidate genes were further nominated using a multi-criteria approach and validated to confirm their functional relevance in vitro. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that plasma glucose levels in OGTT were significantly affected by both diet and genetic background, with six genetic regulating loci were mapped on chromosomes 1, 4, and 7. Moreover, TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 were identified as the candidate genes. Functionally, siRNA-mediated TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 knockdown significantly decreased the glucose uptake and inhibited the transcription of genes related to insulin and glucose metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes novel insights to the understanding of hepatic glucose metabolism, demonstrating the impact of TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 on mitochondrial function in the liver and their regulatory role in maintaining in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shaofei Duan
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yushan Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bajpai
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Donglai Qi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhaowei Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Dong Chi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Sun Z, Liu L, Liang H, Zhang L. Nicotinamide mononucleotide induces autophagy and ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:577-588. [PMID: 38197493 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Herein, we investigated the role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in HCC progression. HCC cells were treated with NMN (125, 250, and 500 μM), and then nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) and NADH levels in HCC cells were measured to calculate NAD+ /NADH ratio. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis were determined. AMPK was knocked down to confirm the involvement of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Furthermore, tumor-inhibitory effect of NMN was investigated in xenograft models. Exposure to NMN dose-dependently increased NAD+ level and NAD+ /NADH ratio in HCC cells. After NMN treatment, cell proliferation was inhibited, whereas apoptosis was enhanced in both cell lines. Additionally, NMN dose-dependently enhanced autophagy/ferroptosis and activated AMPK/mTOR pathway in HCC cells. AMPK knockdown partially rescued the effects of NMN in vitro. Furthermore, NMN treatment restrained tumor growth in nude mice, activated autophagy/ferroptosis, and promoted apoptosis and necrosis in tumor tissues. The results indicate that NMN inhibits HCC progression by inducing autophagy and ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR signaling. NMN may serve as a promising agent for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Forte M, D'Ambrosio L, Schiattarella GG, Salerno N, Perrone MA, Loffredo FS, Bertero E, Pilichou K, Manno G, Valenti V, Spadafora L, Bernardi M, Simeone B, Sarto G, Frati G, Perrino C, Sciarretta S. Mitophagy modulation for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14199. [PMID: 38530070 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects of mitophagy, the selective form of autophagy for mitochondria, are commonly observed in several cardiovascular diseases and represent the main cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. For this reason, mitophagy has emerged as a novel and potential therapeutic target. METHODS In this review, we discuss current evidence about the biological significance of mitophagy in relevant preclinical models of cardiac and vascular diseases, such as heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury, metabolic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. RESULTS Multiple studies have shown that cardiac and vascular mitophagy is an adaptive mechanism in response to stress, contributing to cardiovascular homeostasis. Mitophagy defects lead to cell death, ultimately impairing cardiac and vascular function, whereas restoration of mitophagy by specific compounds delays disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Despite previous efforts, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy activation in response to stress are not fully characterized. A comprehensive understanding of different forms of mitophagy active in the cardiovascular system is extremely important for the development of new drugs targeting this process. Human studies evaluating mitophagy abnormalities in patients at high cardiovascular risk also represent a future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco S Loffredo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-Italian IRCCS Cardiology Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Girolamo Manno
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Valenti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- ICOT Istituto Marco Pasquali, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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7
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Stanzione R, Pietrangelo D, Cotugno M, Forte M, Rubattu S. Role of autophagy in ischemic stroke: insights from animal models and preliminary evidence in the human disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1360014. [PMID: 38590779 PMCID: PMC10999556 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1360014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents a main cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral injury in response to the ischemic insults are not completely understood. In this article, we summarize recent evidence regarding the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by reviewing data obtained in murine models of either transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Few preliminary observational studies investigating the role of autophagy in subjects at high cerebrovascular risk and in cohorts of stroke patients were also reviewed. Autophagy plays a dual role in neuronal and vascular cells by exerting both protective and detrimental effects depending on its level, duration of stress and type of cells involved. Protective autophagy exerts adaptive mechanisms which reduce neuronal loss and promote survival. On the other hand, excessive activation of autophagy leads to neuronal cell death and increases brain injury. In conclusion, the evidence reviewed suggests that a proper manipulation of autophagy may represent an interesting strategy to either prevent or reduce brain ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donatella Pietrangelo
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Li YY, Qin ZH, Sheng R. The Multiple Roles of Autophagy in Neural Function and Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:363-382. [PMID: 37856037 PMCID: PMC10912456 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy involves the sequestration and delivery of cytoplasmic materials to lysosomes, where proteins, lipids, and organelles are degraded and recycled. According to the way the cytoplasmic components are engulfed, autophagy can be divided into macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Recently, many studies have found that autophagy plays an important role in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuronal excitotoxicity, and cerebral ischemia. Autophagy maintains cell homeostasis in the nervous system via degradation of misfolded proteins, elimination of damaged organelles, and regulation of apoptosis and inflammation. AMPK-mTOR, Beclin 1, TP53, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and other signal pathways are involved in the regulation of autophagy and can be used as potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. Here, we discuss the role, functions, and signal pathways of autophagy in neurological diseases, which will shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases and suggest novel targets for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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9
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Zhu Y, Hui Q, Zhang Z, Fu H, Qin Y, Zhao Q, Li Q, Zhang J, Guo L, He W, Han C. Advancements in the study of synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial autophagy relationship. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25309. [PMID: 38400573 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synapses serve as the points of communication between neurons, consisting primarily of three components: the presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. They transmit signals through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to undergo structural and functional changes, is influenced by proteins such as growth-associated proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, postsynaptic density proteins, and neurotrophic growth factors. Furthermore, maintaining synaptic plasticity consumes more than half of the brain's energy, with a significant portion of this energy originating from ATP generated through mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the quantity, distribution, transport, and function of mitochondria impact the stability of brain energy metabolism, thereby participating in the regulation of fundamental processes in synaptic plasticity, including neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and neurotransmitter release. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the proteins associated with presynaptic plasticity, postsynaptic plasticity, and common factors between the two, as well as the relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Zhu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinlong Hui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yali Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenbin He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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10
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Ma Y, Zhou X, Gui M, Yao L, Li J, Chen X, Wang M, Lu B, Fu D. Mitophagy in hypertension-mediated organ damage. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1309863. [PMID: 38239871 PMCID: PMC10794547 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1309863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension constitutes a pervasive chronic ailment on a global scale, frequently inflicting damage upon vital organs, such as the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, brain, and others. And this is a complex clinical dilemma that requires immediate attention. The mitochondria assume a crucial function in the generation of energy, and it is of utmost importance to eliminate any malfunctioning or surplus mitochondria to uphold intracellular homeostasis. Mitophagy is considered a classic example of selective autophagy, an important component of mitochondrial quality control, and is closely associated with many physiological and pathological processes. The ubiquitin-dependent pathway, facilitated by PINK1/Parkin, along with the ubiquitin-independent pathway, orchestrated by receptor proteins such as BNIP3, NIX, and FUNDC1, represent the extensively investigated mechanisms underlying mitophagy. In recent years, research has increasingly shown that mitophagy plays an important role in organ damage associated with hypertension. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in hypertension-mediated organ damage could represent a critical avenue for future research in the development of innovative therapeutic modalities. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the impact of mitophagy on organ damage due to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Yeung SHS, Lee RHS, Cheng GWY, Ma IWT, Kofler J, Kent C, Ma F, Herrup K, Fornage M, Arai K, Tse KH. White matter hyperintensity genetic risk factor TRIM47 regulates autophagy in brain endothelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.18.566359. [PMID: 38187529 PMCID: PMC10769267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.566359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is strongly correlated with age-related dementia and hypertension, but its pathogenesis remains obscure. GWAS identified TRIM47 at 17q25 locus as a top genetic risk factor for WMH formation. TRIM family is a class of E3 ubiquitin ligase with pivotal functions in autophagy, which is critical for brain endothelial cell (ECs) remodeling during hypertension. We hypothesize that TRIM47 regulates autophagy and its loss-of-function disturbs cerebrovasculature. Based on transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry, TRIM47 is found selectively expressed by brain ECs in human and mouse, and its transcription is upregulated by artificially-induced autophagy while downregulated in hypertension-like conditions. Using in silico simulation, immunocytochemistry and super-resolution microscopy, we identified the highly conserved binding site between TRIM47 and the LIR (LC3-interacting region) motif of LC3B. Importantly, pharmacological autophagy induction increased Trim47 expression on mouse ECs (b.End3) culture, while silencing Trim47 significantly increased autophagy with ULK1 phosphorylation induction, transcription and vacuole formation. Together, we confirm that TRIM47 is an endogenous inhibitor of autophagy in brain ECs, and such TRIM47-mediated regulation connects genetic and physiological risk factors for WMH formation but warrants further investigation. SUMMARY STATEMENT TRIM47, top genetic risk factor for white matter hyperintensity formation, is a negative regulator of autophagy in brain endothelial cells and implicates a novel cellular mechanism for age-related cerebrovascular changes.
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12
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Pepe G, Cotugno M, Marracino F, Capocci L, Pizzati L, Forte M, Stanzione R, Scarselli P, Di Pardo A, Sciarretta S, Volpe M, Rubattu S, Maglione V. Abnormal expression of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rat models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159411. [PMID: 37949293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids exert important roles within the cardiovascular system and related diseases. Perturbed sphingolipid metabolism was previously reported in cerebral and renal tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Specific defects related to the synthesis of sphingolipids and to the metabolism of Sphingosine-1-Phospahte (S1P) were exclusively identified in the stroke-prone (SHRSP) with the respect to the stroke-resistant (SHRSR) strain. In this study, we explored any existing perturbation in either protein or gene expression of enzymes involved in the sphingolipid pathways in cardiac tissue from both SHRSP and SHRSR strains, compared to the normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) strain. The two hypertensive rat models showed an overall perturbation of the expression of different enzymes involved in the sphingolipid metabolism in the heart. In particular, whereas the expression of the S1P-metabolizing-enzyme, SPHK2, was significantly reduced in both SHR strains, SGPL1 protein levels were decreased only in SHRSP. The protein levels of S1P receptors 1-3 were reduced only in the cardiac tissue of SHRSP, whereas S1PR2 levels were reduced in both SHR strains. The de novo synthesis of sphingolipids was aberrant in the two hypertensive strains. A significant reduction of mRNA expression of the Sgms1 and Smpd3 enzymes, implicated in the metabolism of sphingomyelin, was found in both hypertensive strains. Interestingly, Smpd2, devoted to sphingomyelin degradation, was reduced only in the heart of SHRSP. In conclusion, alterations in the expression of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes may be involved in the susceptibility to cardiac damage of hypertensive rat strains. Specific differences detected in the SHRSP, however, deserve further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Chen Y, Wan G, Li Z, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zou L, Liu W. Endothelial progenitor cells in pregnancy-related diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1699-1719. [PMID: 37986615 PMCID: PMC10665129 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Placental neovascularization plays a crucial role in fetomaternal circulation throughout pregnancy and is dysregulated in several pregnancy-related diseases, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and fetal growth restriction. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that differentiate into mature endothelial cells, which influence vascular homeostasis, neovascularization, and endothelial repair. Since their discovery in 1997 by Asahara et al., the role of EPCs in vascular biology has garnered a lot of interest. However, although pregnancy-related conditions are associated with changes in the number and function of EPCs, the reported findings are conflicting. This review discusses the discovery, isolation, and classification of EPCs and highlights discrepancies between current studies. Overviews of how various diseases affect the numbers and functions of EPCs, the role of EPCs as biomarkers of pregnancy disorders, and the potential therapeutic applications involving EPCs are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gui Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zeyun Li
- The First Clinical School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weifang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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14
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Atici AE, Crother TR, Noval Rivas M. Mitochondrial quality control in health and cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1290046. [PMID: 38020895 PMCID: PMC10657886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1290046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the primary causes of mortality worldwide. An optimal mitochondrial function is central to supplying tissues with high energy demand, such as the cardiovascular system. In addition to producing ATP as a power source, mitochondria are also heavily involved in adaptation to environmental stress and fine-tuning tissue functions. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) through fission, fusion, mitophagy, and biogenesis ensures the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and preserves mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiovascular tissues. Furthermore, mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulate cell survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple CVDs, including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, diabetic and genetic cardiomyopathies, and Kawasaki Disease (KD). Thus, MQC is pivotal in promoting cardiovascular health. Here, we outline the mechanisms of MQC and discuss the current literature on mitochondrial adaptation in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli E. Atici
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy R. Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Tocci G, Biondi-Zoccai G, Forte M, Gallo G, Nardoianni G, Fiori E, D'Ambrosio L, Di Pietro R, Stefanini G, Cannata F, Rocco E, Simeone B, Sarto G, Schirone L, D'Amico A, Peruzzi M, Nocella C, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Effects of two-month treatment with a mixture of natural activators of autophagy on oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension: A pilot study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2287-2293. [PMID: 37580230 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols are natural substances that exert pro-autophagic and antioxidant properties. Their role in blood pressure (BP) regulation and preservation of vascular function in essential hypertension is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a mixture of these agents on BP level, markers of oxidative stress, autophagy, endothelial function, and vascular stiffness in outpatients with grade 1 uncomplicated essential hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS A single-centre, open-label, case-control, pilot study was conducted in adult outpatients (aged ≥18 years) receiving or not the mixture for two months along with the standard therapies. Both at baseline and at the end of the treatment the following clinical parameters were evaluated: brachial seated office BP level, central aortic pressure, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index (AI@75). Both at baseline and at the end of the treatment, a blood sample was drawn for the measurement of: H2O2, HBA%, levels of sNOX2-dp, Atg 5, P62, endothelin 1, and NO bioavailability. The mixture of nutraceuticals did not influence BP levels. Patients receiving the mixture showed a significant decrease of oxidative stress, stimulation of autophagy, increased NO bioavailability and no increase of the AI@75, in contrast to what observed in hypertensive patients not receiving the mixture. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation of the trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols mixture counteracted hypertension-related arterial stiffness through mechanisms likely dependent on oxidative stress downregulation and autophagy stimulation. These natural activators of autophagy may represent favourable adjuvants for prevention of the hypertensive cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Nardoianni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fiori
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Stefanini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cannata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy; Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
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16
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Zhu S, Shi J, Jin Q, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Chen X, Wang C, Shi T, Li L. Mitochondrial dysfunction following repeated administration of alprazolam causes attenuation of hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10428-10452. [PMID: 37801512 PMCID: PMC10599724 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The frequently repeated administration of alprazolam (Alp), a highly effective benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agent, in anxiety, insomnia, and other diseases is closely related to many negative adverse reactions that are mainly manifested as memory impairment. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying these events are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a proteomic analysis on the hippocampus in mice that received repeated administration of Alp for 24 days. A total of 439 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in mice with repeated administration of Alp compared to the control group, and the GO and KEGG analysis revealed the enrichment of terms related to mitochondrial function, cycle, mitophagy and cognition. In vitro experiments have shown that Alp may affect the cell cycle, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) to induce apoptosis in HT22 cells, and affect the progress of mitochondrial energy metabolism and morphology in the hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, in vivo behavioral experiments including IntelliCage System (ICS) and nover object recognition (NOR), hippocampal neuronal pathological changes with HE staining, and the expression levels of brain-deprived neuron factor (BDNF) with immunohistochemistry showed a significant decrease in memory consolidation in mice with repeated administration of Alp, which could be rescued by the co-administration of the mitochondrial protector NSI-189. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a link between repeated administration of Alp and mitochondrial dysfunction and that mitochondrial impairment directly causes the attenuation of memory consolidation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Qian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Changping, Beijing 102205, China
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17
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Gallo G, Forte M, Cotugno M, Marchitti S, Stanzione R, Tocci G, Bianchi F, Palmerio S, Scioli M, Frati G, Sciarretta S, Barbato E, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Polymorphic variants at NDUFC2, encoding a mitochondrial complex I subunit, associate with cardiac hypertrophy in human hypertension. Mol Med 2023; 29:107. [PMID: 37558995 PMCID: PMC10410816 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysfunction of NADH dehydrogenase, the mitochondrial Complex I (CI), associated with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in previous experimental studies. A deficiency of Ndufc2 (subunit of CI) impairs CI activity causing severe mitochondrial dysfunction. The T allele at NDUFC2/rs11237379 variant associates with reduced gene expression and impaired mitochondrial function. The present study tested the association of both NDUFC2/rs11237379 and NDUFC2/rs641836 variants with LVH in hypertensive patients. In vitro studies explored the impact of reduced Ndufc2 expression in isolated cardiomyocytes. METHODS Two-hundred-forty-six subjects (147 male, 59.7%), with a mean age of 59 ± 15 years, were included for the genetic association analysis. Ndufc2 silencing was performed in both H9c2 and rat primary cardiomyocytes to explore the hypertrophy development and the underlying signaling pathway. RESULTS The TT genotype at NDUFC2/rs11237379 associated with significantly reduced gene expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients carrying this genotype showed significant differences for septal thickness (p = 0.07), posterior wall thickness (p = 0.008), RWT (p = 0.021), LV mass/BSA (p = 0.03), compared to subjects carrying either CC or CT genotypes. Patients carrying the A allele at NDUFC2/rs641836 showed significant differences for septal thickness (p = 0.017), posterior wall thickness (p = 0.011), LV mass (p = 0.003), LV mass/BSA (p = 0.002) and LV mass/height2.7(p = 0.010) after adjustment for covariates. In-vitro, the Ndufc2 deficiency-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction caused cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, pointing to SIRT3-AMPK-AKT-MnSOD as a major underlying signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time a significant association of NDUFC2 variants with LVH in human hypertension and highlight a key role of Ndufc2 deficiency-dependent CI mitochondrial dysfunction on increased susceptibility to cardiac hypertrophy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Palmerio
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS S. Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), Italy.
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18
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Carvalho D, Diaz-Amarilla P, Dapueto R, Santi MD, Duarte P, Savio E, Engler H, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Arredondo F. Transcriptomic Analyses of Neurotoxic Astrocytes Derived from Adult Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:487-515. [PMID: 37318736 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease have been classically studied from a purely neuronocentric point of view. More recent evidences support the notion that other cell populations are involved in disease progression. In this sense, the possible pathogenic role of glial cells like astrocytes is increasingly being recognized. Once faced with tissue damage signals and other stimuli present in disease environments, astrocytes suffer many morphological and functional changes, a process referred as reactive astrogliosis. Studies from murine models and humans suggest that these complex and heterogeneous responses could manifest as disease-specific astrocyte phenotypes. Clear understanding of disease-associated astrocytes is a necessary step to fully disclose neurodegenerative processes, aiding in the design of new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. In this work, we present the transcriptomics characterization of neurotoxic astrocytic cultures isolated from adult symptomatic animals of the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD). According to the observed profile, 3xTg-AD neurotoxic astrocytes show various reactivity features including alteration of the extracellular matrix and release of pro-inflammatory and proliferative factors that could result in harmful effects to neurons. Moreover, these alterations could be a consequence of stress responses at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as of concomitant metabolic adaptations. Present results support the hypothesis that adaptive changes of astrocytic function induced by a stressed microenvironment could later promote harmful astrocyte phenotypes and further accelerate or induce neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carvalho
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Diaz-Amarilla
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Daniela Santi
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Pablo Duarte
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Savio
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Henry Engler
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 1800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan A Abin-Carriquiry
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Florencia Arredondo
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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19
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Li FXZ, Liu JJ, Xu F, Shan SK, Zheng MH, Lei LM, Lin X, Guo B, Li CC, Wu F, Tang KX, Cao YC, Wu YY, Duan JY, Wu YL, He SY, Chen X, Yuan LQ. Cold exposure protects against medial arterial calcification development via autophagy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:226. [PMID: 37461031 PMCID: PMC10351118 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial arterial calcification (MAC), a systemic vascular disease different from atherosclerosis, is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Several studies have demonstrated that ambient temperature is one of the most important factors affecting cardiovascular events. However, there has been limited research on the effect of different ambient temperatures on MAC. In the present study, we showed that cold temperature exposure (CT) in mice slowed down the formation of vitamin D (VD)-induced vascular calcification compared with room temperature exposure (RT). To investigate the mechanism involved, we isolated plasma-derived exosomes from mice subjected to CT or RT for 30 days (CT-Exo or RT-Exo, respectively). Compared with RT-Exo, CT-Exo remarkably alleviated the calcification/senescence formation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and promoted autophagy by activating the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and inhibiting phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR). At the same time, CT-Exo promoted autophagy in β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-induced VSMCs. The number of autophagosomes and the expression of autophagy-related proteins ATG5 and LC3B increased, while the expression of p62 decreased. Based on a microRNA chip microarray assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction, miR-320a-3p was highly enriched in CT-Exo as well as thoracic aortic vessels in CT mice. miR-320a-3p downregulation in CT-Exo using AntagomiR-320a-3p inhibited autophagy and blunted its anti-calcification protective effect on VSMCs. Moreover, we identified that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a target of miR-320a-3p, and silencing PDCD4 increased autophagy and decreased calcification in VSMCs. Treatment with CT-Exo alleviated the formation of MAC in VD-treated mice, while these effects were partially reversed by GW4869. Furthermore, the anti-arterial calcification protective effects of CT-Exo were largely abolished by AntagomiR-320a-3p in VD-induced mice. In summary, we have highlighted that prolonged cold may be a good way to reduce the incidence of MAC. Specifically, miR-320a-3p from CT-Exo could protect against the initiation and progression of MAC via the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jun-Jie Liu
- Department of Periodontal Division, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ye-Chi Cao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jia-Yue Duan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Si-Yang He
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Liao X, Han Y, He Y, Liu J, Wang Y. Natural compounds targeting mitochondrial dysfunction: emerging therapeutics for target organ damage in hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1209890. [PMID: 37397478 PMCID: PMC10311420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1209890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension generally causes target organ damage (TOD) in the heart, brain, kidney, and blood vessels. This can result in atherosclerosis, plaque formation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and renal failure. Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial in hypertensive target organ damage. Consequently, mitochondria-targeted therapies attract increasing attention. Natural compounds are valuable resources for drug discovery and development. Many studies have demonstrated that natural compounds can ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction in hypertensive target organ damage. This review examines the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the development of target organ damage in hypertension. Moreover, it summarizes therapeutic strategies based on natural compounds that target mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be beneficial for preventing and treating hypertensive target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanshan Han
- Scientific Research Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying He
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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21
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Huang Y, Zhou B. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Diseases and Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051500. [PMID: 37239170 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main site of intracellular synthesis of ATP, which provides energy for various physiological activities of the cell. Cardiomyocytes have a high density of mitochondria and mitochondrial damage is present in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we describe mitochondrial damage in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity, in the context of the key roles of mitochondria in cardiac development and homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the main current therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction, including pharmacological strategies, gene therapy, mitochondrial replacement therapy, and mitochondrial transplantation. It is hoped that this will provide new ideas for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
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22
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Zhao Y, Hong Z, Lin Y, Shen W, Yang Y, Zuo Z, Hu X. Exercise pretreatment alleviates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by TFEB-mediated autophagic flux in mice with ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2023; 364:114380. [PMID: 36914085 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important pathological mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that regulation autophagy in ischemic stroke may improve neurological functions. In this study, we aimed to explore whether exercise pretreatment attenuates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke by improving autophagic flux. METHODS 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to determine the infarction volume, and modified Neurological Severity Scores and rotarod test were used to evaluate neurological functions after ischemic stroke. The levels of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis and degradation, autophagic flux, and signaling pathway proteins were determined using immunofluorescence, dihydroethidium, TUNEL, and Fluoro-Jade B staining, western blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Our results showed that, in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice, exercise pretreatment improved neurological functions and defective autophagy, and reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, after using chloroquine, impaired autophagy abolished the neuroprotection of exercise pretreatment. And transcription factor EB (TFEB) activation mediated by exercise pretreatment contributes to improving autophagic flux after MCAO. Furthermore, we showed that TFEB activation mediated by exercise pretreatment in MCAO was regulated by the AMPK-mTOR and AMPK-FOXO3a-SKP2-CARM1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Exercise pretreatment has the potential to improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients, and it can exert neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which might be due to the TFEB-mediated autophagic flux. And targeting autophagic flux may be promising strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongqiu Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou First People's Hospital, 218 Hengjie Road, Taizhou 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- Department of Respiratory Care, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun East Road No. 3, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejie Zuo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiquan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Stanzione R, Forte M, Cotugno M, Oppedisano F, Carresi C, Marchitti S, Mollace V, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Beneficial Effects of Citrus Bergamia Polyphenolic Fraction on Saline Load-Induced Injury in Primary Cerebral Endothelial Cells from the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061334. [PMID: 36986064 PMCID: PMC10056311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High salt load is a known noxious stimulus for vascular cells and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in both animal models and humans. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) accelerates stroke predisposition upon high-salt dietary feeding. We previously demonstrated that high salt load causes severe injury in primary cerebral endothelial cells isolated from SHRSP. This cellular model offers a unique opportunity to test the impact of substances toward the mechanisms underlying high-salt-induced vascular damage. We tested the effects of a bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) on high-salt-induced injury in SHRSP cerebral endothelial cells. Cells were exposed to 20 mM NaCl for 72 h either in the absence or the presence of BPF. As a result, we confirmed that high salt load increased cellular ROS level, reduced viability, impaired angiogenesis, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction with a significant increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress. The addition of BPF reduced oxidative stress, rescued cell viability and angiogenesis, and recovered mitochondrial function with a significant decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPF counteracts the key molecular mechanisms underlying high-salt-induced endothelial cell damage. This natural antioxidant substance may represent a valuable adjuvant to treat vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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24
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D’Amico A, Fossati C, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Peruzzi M, Bartimoccia S, Saba F, Pingitore A, Biondi-Zoccai G, Petramala L, De Grandis F, Vecchio D, D’Ambrosio L, Schiavon S, Sciarra L, Nocella C, Cavarretta E. Natural Activators of Autophagy Reduce Oxidative Stress and Muscle Injury Biomarkers in Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020459. [PMID: 36678330 PMCID: PMC9862446 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and impaired autophagy are directly and indirectly implicated in exercise-mediated muscle injury. Trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols possess pro-autophagic and antioxidant properties, and could therefore reduce exercise-induced damage to skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a mixture of these compounds was able to improve muscle injury biomarkers in endurance athletes through the modulation of oxidative stress and autophagic machinery. METHODS AND RESULTS sNOX2-dp; H2O2 production; H2O2 breakdown activity (HBA); ATG5 and p62 levels, both markers of autophagic process; and muscle injury biomarkers were evaluated in five endurance athletes who were allocated in a crossover design study to daily administration of 10.5 g of an experimental mixture or no treatment, with evaluations conducted at baseline and after 30 days of mixture consumption. Compared to baseline, the mixture intake led to a remarkable reduction of oxidative stress and positively modulated autophagy. Finally, after the 30-day supplementation period, a significant decrease in muscle injury biomarkers was found. CONCLUSION Supplementation with this mixture positively affected redox state and autophagy and improved muscle injury biomarkers in athletes, allowing for better muscle recovery. Moreover, it is speculated that this mixture could also benefit patients suffering from muscle injuries, such as cancer or cardiovascular patients, or elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annachiara Pingitore
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery “Paride Stefanini”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Petramala
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Grandis
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Vecchio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Sciarra
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-064-9970-102
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
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25
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Hidden Player in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021086. [PMID: 36674602 PMCID: PMC9861427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial inflammatory pathology that involves metabolic processes. Improvements in therapy have drastically reduced the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, a significant residual risk is still relevant, and is related to unmet therapeutic targets. Endothelial dysfunction and lipid infiltration are the primary causes of atherosclerotic plaque progression. In this contest, mitochondrial dysfunction can affect arterial wall cells, in particular macrophages, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells, causing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intracellular lipid deposition. The detection and characterization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial for assessing mitochondrial defects and should be considered the goal for new future therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will focus on a new idea, based on the analysis of data from many research groups, namely the link between mitochondrial impairment and endothelial dysfunction and, in particular, its effect on atherosclerosis and aging. Therefore, we discuss known and novel mitochondria-targeting therapies in the contest of atherosclerosis.
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26
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Lu Y, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang T, Liu Y, Zhang L. Cellular mitophagy: Mechanism, roles in diseases and small molecule pharmacological regulation. Theranostics 2023; 13:736-766. [PMID: 36632220 PMCID: PMC9830443 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mitophagy means that cells selectively wrap and degrade damaged mitochondria through an autophagy mechanism, thus maintaining mitochondria and intracellular homeostasis. In recent years, mitophagy has received increasing attention as a research hotspot related to the pathogenesis of clinical diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, and so on. It has been found that the regulation of mitophagy may become a new direction for the treatment of some diseases. In addition, numerous small molecule modulators of mitophagy have also been reported, which provides new opportunities to comprehend the procedure and potential of therapeutic development. Taken together, in this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanism of mitophagy, discuss the roles of mitophagy and its relationship with diseases, introduce the existing small-molecule pharmacological modulators of mitophagy and further highlight the significance of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shuangqian Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Yanjun Liu, E-mail: ; Lan Zhang, E-mail:
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Yanjun Liu, E-mail: ; Lan Zhang, E-mail:
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27
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Moruno-Manchon J, Noh B, McCullough L. Sex-biased autophagy as a potential mechanism mediating sex differences in ischemic stroke outcome. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:31-37. [PMID: 35799505 PMCID: PMC9241419 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.340406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide, and biological sex is an important determining factor in stroke incidence and pathology. From childhood through adulthood, men have a higher incidence of stroke compared with women. Abundant research has confirmed the beneficial effects of estrogen in experimental ischemic stroke but genetic factors such as the X-chromosome complement can also play an important role in determining sex differences in stroke. Autophagy is a self-degrading cellular process orchestrated by multiple core proteins, which leads to the engulfment of cytoplasmic material and degradation of cargo after autophagy vesicles fuse with lysosomes or endosomes. The levels and the activity of components of these signaling pathways and of autophagy-related proteins can be altered during ischemic insults. Ischemic stroke activates autophagy, however, whether inhibiting autophagy after stroke is beneficial in the brain is still under a debate. Autophagy is a potential mechanism that may contribute to differences in stroke progression between the sexes. Furthermore, the effects of manipulating autophagy may also differ between the sexes. Mechanisms that regulate autophagy in a sex-dependent manner in ischemic stroke remain unexplored. In this review, we summarize clinical and pre-clinical evidence for sex differences in stroke. We briefly introduce the autophagy process and summarize the effects of gonadal hormones in autophagy in the brain and discuss X-linked genes that could potentially regulate brain autophagy. Finally, we review pre-clinical studies that address the mechanisms that could mediate sex differences in brain autophagy after stroke.
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28
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Algieri C, Bernardini C, Marchi S, Forte M, Tallarida MA, Bianchi F, La Mantia D, Algieri V, Stanzione R, Cotugno M, Costanzo P, Trombetti F, Maiuolo L, Forni M, De Nino A, Di Nonno F, Sciarretta S, Volpe M, Rubattu S, Nesci S. 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles counteract mitochondrial dysfunction acting on F 1F O-ATPase in models of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106561. [PMID: 36410676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The compromised viability and function of cardiovascular cells are rescued by small molecules of triazole derivatives (Tzs), identified as 3a and 3b, by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. The oxidative phosphorylation improves the respiratory control rate in the presence of Tzs independently of the substrates that energize the mitochondria. The F1FO-ATPase, the main candidate in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) formation, is the biological target of Tzs and hydrophilic F1 domain of the enzyme is depicted as the binding region of Tzs. The protective effect of Tz molecules on isolated mitochondria was corroborated by immortalized cardiomyocytes results. Indeed, mPTP opening was attenuated in response to ionomycin. Consequently, increased mitochondrial roundness and reduction of both length and interconnections between mitochondria. In in-vitro and ex-vivo models of cardiovascular pathologies (i.e., hypoxia-reoxygenation and hypertension) were used to evaluate the Tzs cardioprotective action. Key parameters of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs) oxidative metabolism and cell viability were not affected by Tzs. However, in the presence of either 1 μM 3a or 0.5 μM 3b the impaired cell metabolism of pAECs injured by hypoxia-reoxygenation was restored to control respiratory profile. Moreover, endothelial cells isolated from SHRSP exposed to high-salt treatment rescued the Complex I activity and the endothelial capability to form vessel-like tubes and vascular function in presence of Tzs. As a result, the specific biochemical mechanism of Tzs to block Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase protected cell viability and preserved the pAECs bioenergetic metabolism upon hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Moreover, SHRSP improved vascular dysfunction in response to a high-salt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Algieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina 04100, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome 00163, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy.
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29
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Park SK, Cho JM, Mookherjee S, Pires PW, David Symons J. Recent Insights Concerning Autophagy and Endothelial Cell Nitric Oxide Generation. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Cong L, Bai Y, Guo Z. The crosstalk among autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:997469. [PMID: 36386383 PMCID: PMC9650365 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.997469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the mechanism of cell death has become a hotspot in research on the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Different cell death modes, including autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, are mosaic with each other and collaboratively regulate the process of CVD. This review summarizes the interaction and crosstalk of key pathways or proteins which play a critical role in the entire process of CVD and explores the specific mechanisms. Furthermore, this paper assesses the interrelationships among these three cell deaths and reviews how they regulate the pathogenesis of CVD. By understanding how these three cell death modes go together we can learn about the pathogenesis of CVD, which will enable us to identify new targets for preventing, controlling, and treating CVD. It will not only reduce mortality but also improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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31
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Relucenti M, Francescangeli F, De Angelis ML, D’Andrea V, Miglietta S, Donfrancesco O, Li X, Chen R, Zeuner A, Familiari G. A Different Exosome Secretion Pattern Characterizes Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Multicellular Spheroids and Their Mouse Xenografts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101427. [PMID: 36290331 PMCID: PMC9599039 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Exosomes have a role in tumorigenesis and metastatic dissemination, their material content and size being associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our work aims to investigate their secretion patterns in CRC stem cells in patient-derived multicellular tumor spheroids (MTSs) and their mouse xenografts, to unveil possible differences in terms of exosome amount, size, and secretion site between in vitro and in vivo models. Our results show that MTSs’ exosome secretion pattern depends on their structural complexity: few-layer spheroids show a lesser exosome secretion, limited to the apical domain of cancer cells; secretion increases in multilayered spheroids and is visible from apical and basolateral cancer cells domains. In xenograft models, exosome secretion occurs from all cancer cell domains, and it is quantitatively greater than that observed in spheroids. The influence of the surrounding environment of non-tumor cells may account for the difference in exosome secretion patterns between spheroids and xenografts. Abstract Up-to-date in vitro and in vivo preclinical models expressing the patient-specific cancer lineage responsible for CRC and its metastatic behavior and responsiveness to therapy are needed. Exosomes’ role in tumorigenesis and the metastatic process was demonstrated, and the material content and size of the exosomes are associated with a poor prognosis of CRC. Exosomes are generally imagined after their recovery from blood serum as isolated entities, and our work aims to investigate them “in situ” in their native environment by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to understand their secretion modalities. We studied CRC stem cells in patient-derived multicellular tumor spheroids (MTSs) and in their mouse xenograft to find possible differences in terms of exosome amount, size, and secretion site between in vitro and in vivo models. We observed that MTSs’ exosome secretion patterns depend on their structural complexity: few-layer MTSs show a lesser exosome secretion, limited to the apical domain of cancer cells, secretion increases in multilayered MTSs, and it develops from apical and basolateral cancer cells domains. In xenograft models, exosome secretion occurs from all cancer cell domains, and it is quantitatively greater than that observed in MTSs. This difference in exosome secretion pattern between MTSs and xenografts may be due to the influence of surrounding non-tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Relucenti
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Francescangeli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Orlando Donfrancesco
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Natural Activators of Autophagy Increase Maximal Walking Distance and Reduce Oxidative Stress in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091836. [PMID: 36139910 PMCID: PMC9495993 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols have been shown to display pro-autophagic and antioxidant properties, eventually reducing cardiovascular and ischemic complications. This study aimed to investigate whether a mixture of these components improves maximal walking distance (MWD) in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients. Nitrite/nitrate (NOx), endothelin-1, sNOX2-dp, H2O2 production, H2O2 break-down activity (HBA), ATG5 and P62 levels, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and MWD were evaluated in 20 PAD patients randomly allocated to 10.5 g of mixture or no-treatment in a single-blind study. The above variables were assessed at baseline and 60 days after mixture ingestion. Compared with baseline, mixture intake significantly increased MWD (+91%; p < 0.01) and serum NOx (+96%; p < 0.001), whereas it significantly reduced endothelin-1 levels (−30%, p < 0.01). Moreover, mixture intake led to a remarkable reduction in sNOX2dp (−31%, p < 0.05) and H2O2 (−40%, p < 0.001) and potentiated antioxidant power (+110%, p < 0.001). Finally, mixture ingestion restored autophagy by increasing ATG5 (+43%, p < 0.01) and decreasing P62 (−29%, p < 0.05). No changes in the above-mentioned variables were observed in the no-treatment group. The treatment with a mixture of trehalose, spermidine, nicotinamide, and polyphenols improves MWD in PAD patients, with a mechanism possibly related to NOX2-mediated oxidative stress downregulation and autophagic flux upregulation. Clinical Trial Registration unique identifier: NCT04061070.
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He Y, Lu H, Zhao Y. Development of an autophagy activator from Class III PI3K complexes, Tat-BECN1 peptide: Mechanisms and applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:851166. [PMID: 36172279 PMCID: PMC9511052 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.851166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment or dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in many human pathologies ranging from neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, to malignancies. Efforts have been made to explore the therapeutic potential of pharmacological autophagy activators, as beneficial health effects from caloric restriction or physical exercise are linked to autophagy activation. However, the lack of specificity remains the major challenge to the development and clinical use of autophagy activators. One candidate of specific autophagy activators is Tat-BECN1 peptide, derived from Beclin 1 subunit of Class III PI3K complexes. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which Tat-BECN1 peptide activates autophagy, the strategies for optimization and development, and the applications of Tat-BECN1 peptide in cellular and organismal models of physiology and pathology.
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Lu G, Wang Y, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Huang C, He W, Wang C, Shen HM. Autophagy in health and disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic target. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e150. [PMID: 35845350 PMCID: PMC9271889 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionally conserved catabolic process in which cytosolic contents, such as aggregated proteins, dysfunctional organelle, or invading pathogens, are sequestered by the double‐membrane structure termed autophagosome and delivered to lysosome for degradation. Over the past two decades, autophagy has been extensively studied, from the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, implications in various human diseases, to development of autophagy‐related therapeutics. This review will focus on the latest development of autophagy research, covering molecular mechanisms in control of autophagosome biogenesis and autophagosome–lysosome fusion, and the upstream regulatory pathways including the AMPK and MTORC1 pathways. We will also provide a systematic discussion on the implication of autophagy in various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes), viral infection especially SARS‐Cov‐2 and COVID‐19, cardiovascular diseases (cardiac ischemia/reperfusion and cardiomyopathy), and aging. Finally, we will also summarize the development of pharmacological agents that have therapeutic potential for clinical applications via targeting the autophagy pathway. It is believed that decades of hard work on autophagy research is eventually to bring real and tangible benefits for improvement of human health and control of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research Southwest Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo Zhejiang China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology University of Macau Macau China
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Gallo G, Migliarino S, Cotugno M, Stanzione R, Burocchi S, Bianchi F, Marchitti S, Autore C, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Impact of a NDUFC2 Variant on the Occurrence of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:921244. [PMID: 35711349 PMCID: PMC9197441 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.921244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among several potential mechanisms, mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). A mitochondrial complex I deficiency severely impairs cardiovascular health and contributes to CAD development. Previous evidence highlighted a key role of NDUFC2, a subunit of complex I, deficiency in the increased occurrence of renal and cerebrovascular damage in an animal model of hypertension, and of juvenile ischemic stroke occurrence in humans. Furthermore, a significant decrease of NDUFC2 mRNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The T allele at NDUFC2/rs23117379 variant is known to associate with reduced gene expression and mitochondrial dysfunction. Objective In the present study we tested the impact of the T/C NDUFC2/rs23117379 variant on occurrence of ACS in a prospective cohort of CAD patients (n = 260). Results Hypertension, smoking habit, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were present in a large proportion of patients. Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) represented the most frequent type of ACS (44%, n = 115), followed by ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (34%, n = 88) and unstable angina (22%, n = 57). The alleles/genotypes distribution for T/C at NDUFC2/rs23117379 revealed that the TT genotype was associated with a trend toward the development of ACS at an earlier age (TT 61 ± 12, CT 65 ± 12 and CC 66 ± 11 years; p = 0.051 after adjustment for gender, hypertension, smoking habit, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia) and with a significant predictive role for ACS recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]1.671; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.138–2.472; p = 0.009). Conclusions Our findings are consistent with a deleterious effect of NDUFC2 deficiency on acute coronary events predisposition and further support a role of the NDUFC2/rs23117379 variant as a genetic cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gallo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Migliarino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Burocchi
- Cardiology Unit, Belcolle Hospital, ASL Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Camillo Autore
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- *Correspondence: Speranza Rubattu
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PINK1-parkin-mediated neuronal mitophagy deficiency in prion disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:162. [PMID: 35184140 PMCID: PMC8858315 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A persistent accumulation of damaged mitochondria is part of prion disease pathogenesis. Normally, damaged mitochondria are cleared via a major pathway that involves the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) that together initiate mitophagy, recognize and eliminate damaged mitochondria. However, the precise mechanisms underlying mitophagy in prion disease remain largely unknown. Using prion disease cell models, we observed PINK1-parkin-mediated mitophagy deficiency in which parkin depletion aggravated blocked mitochondrial colocalization with LC3-II-labeled autophagosomes, and significantly increased mitochondrial protein levels, which led to inhibited mitophagy. Parkin overexpression directly induced LC3-II colocalization with mitochondria and alleviated defective mitophagy. Moreover, parkin-mediated mitophagy was dependent on PINK1, since PINK1 depletion blocked mitochondrial Parkin recruitment and reduced optineurin and LC3-II proteins levels, thus inhibiting mitophagy. PINK1 overexpression induced parkin recruitment to the mitochondria, which then stimulated mitophagy. In addition, overexpressed parkin and PINK1 also protected neurons from apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that supplementation with two mitophagy-inducing agents, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and urolithin A (UA), significantly stimulated PINK1-parkin-mediated mitophagy. However, compared with NMN, UA could not alleviate prion-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. These findings show that PINK1-parkin-mediated mitophagy defects lead to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria, thus suggesting that interventions that stimulate mitophagy may be potential therapeutic targets for prion diseases.
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Yang M, He Y, Deng S, Xiao L, Tian M, Xin Y, Lu C, Zhao F, Gong Y. Mitochondrial Quality Control: A Pathophysiological Mechanism and Therapeutic Target for Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:786099. [PMID: 35153669 PMCID: PMC8832032 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.786099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease with high mortality and disability rates. Previous research has established that mitochondria, as major regulators, are both influenced by stroke, and further regulated the development of poststroke injury. Mitochondria are involved in several biological processes such as energy generation, calcium homeostasis, immune response, apoptosis regulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Meanwhile, mitochondria can evolve into various quality control systems, including mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion) and mitophagy, to maintain the homeostasis of the mitochondrial network. Various activities of mitochondrial fission and fusion are associated with mitochondrial integrity and neurological injury after stroke. Additionally, proper mitophagy seems to be neuroprotective for its effect on eliminating the damaged mitochondria, while excessive mitophagy disturbs energy generation and mitochondria-associated signal pathways. The balance between mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy is more crucial than the absolute level of each process. A neurovascular unit (NVU) is a multidimensional system by which cells release multiple mediators and regulate diverse signaling pathways across the whole neurovascular network in a way with a high dynamic interaction. The turbulence of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) could lead to NVU dysfunctions, including neuron death, neuroglial activation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and neuroinflammation. However, the exact changes and effects of MQC on the NVU after stroke have yet to be fully illustrated. In this review, we will discuss the updated mechanisms of MQC and the pathophysiology of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy after stroke. We highlight the regulation of MQC as a potential therapeutic target for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxian Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaocheng Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhao,
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ye Gong,
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Liu L, Cao Q, Gao W, Li BY, Zeng C, Xia Z, Zhao B. Melatonin ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic mice by enhancing autophagy via the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22040. [PMID: 34800293 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002718rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic brains are more vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Previous studies have proved that melatonin could protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury in non-diabetic stroke models; however, its roles and the underlying mechanisms against CIR injury in diabetic mice remain unknown. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and high-glucose-cultured HT22 cells were exposed to melatonin, with or without administration of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and the specifically silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor EX527, and then subjected to CIR or oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion operation. We found that diabetic mice showed aggravated brain damage, increased apoptosis and oxidative stress, and deficient autophagy following CIR compared with non-diabetic counterparts. Melatonin treatment exhibited improved histological damage, neurological outcomes, and cerebral infarct size. Intriguingly, melatonin markedly increased cell survival, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis effects, and significantly enhanced autophagy. However, these effects were largely attenuated by 3-MA or EX527. Additionally, our cellular experiments demonstrated that melatonin increased the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway-related proteins' expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results indicate that melatonin treatment can protect against CIR-induced brain damage in diabetic mice, which may be achieved by the autophagy enhancement mediated by the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing-Yu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Relevance of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in experimental and human stroke. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:141-153. [PMID: 34757454 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke represents a main cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. In the attempt to develop targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies, several efforts were performed over the last decades to identify the specific molecular abnormalities preceding cerebral ischemia and neuronal death. In this regard, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and intracellular calcium homeostasis appear important contributors to stroke development, as underscored by recent pre-clinical evidence. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is regulated, among other mechanisms, by the calcium sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium modulator (ORAI) members, which mediate the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The activity of SOCE is deregulated in animal models of ischemic stroke, leading to ischemic injury exacerbation. We found a different pattern of expression of few SOCE components, dependent from a STIM1 mutation, in cerebral endothelial cells isolated from the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), compared to the stroke-resistant (SHRSR) strain, suggesting a potential involvement of this mechanism into the stroke predisposition of SHRSP. In this article, we discuss the relevant role of STIM1 in experimental stroke, as highlighted by the current literature and by our recent experimental findings, and the available evidence in the human disease. We also provide a glance on future perspectives and clinical implications of STIM1.
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Forte M, Marchitti S, Cotugno M, Di Nonno F, Stanzione R, Bianchi F, Schirone L, Schiavon S, Vecchio D, Sarto G, Scioli M, Raffa S, Tocci G, Relucenti M, Torrisi MR, Valenti V, Versaci F, Vecchione C, Volpe M, Frati G, Rubattu S, Sciarretta S. Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, reduces stroke occurrence in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105875. [PMID: 34500062 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease, a frequent complication of hypertension, is a major public health issue for which novel therapeutic and preventive approaches are needed. Autophagy activation is emerging as a potential therapeutic and preventive strategy toward stroke. Among usual activators of autophagy, the natural disaccharide trehalose (TRE) has been reported to be beneficial in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. In this study, we tested for the first time the effects of TRE in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) fed with a high-salt stroke permissive diet (JD). We found that TRE reduced stroke occurrence and renal damage in high salt-fed SHRSP. TRE was also able to decrease systolic blood pressure. Through ex-vivo studies, we assessed the beneficial effect of TRE on the vascular function of high salt-fed SHRSP. At the molecular level, TRE restored brain autophagy and reduced mitochondrial mass, along with the improvement of mitochondrial function. The beneficial effects of TRE were associated with increased nuclear translocation of TFEB, a transcriptional activator of autophagy. Our results suggest that TRE may be considered as a natural compound efficacious for the prevention of hypertension-related target organ damage, with particular regard to stroke and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Department of Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Clinical Sciences, Sapienza" University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Daniele Vecchio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Sarto
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
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Forte M, Bianchi F, Cotugno M, Marchitti S, Stanzione R, Maglione V, Sciarretta S, Valenti V, Carnevale R, Versaci F, Frati G, Volpe M, Rubattu S. An interplay between UCP2 and ROS protects cells from high-salt-induced injury through autophagy stimulation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:919. [PMID: 34625529 PMCID: PMC8501098 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a protective function in the vascular disease of both animal models and humans. UCP2 downregulation upon high-salt feeding favors vascular dysfunction in knock-out mice, and accelerates cerebrovascular and renal damage in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Overexpression of UCP2 counteracts the negative effects of high-salt feeding in both animal models. We tested in vitro the ability of UCP2 to stimulate autophagy and mitophagy as a mechanism mediating its protective effects upon high-salt exposure in endothelial and renal tubular cells. UCP2 silencing reduced autophagy and mitophagy, whereas the opposite was true upon UCP2 overexpression. High-salt exposure increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), UCP2, autophagy and autophagic flux in both endothelial and renal tubular cells. In contrast, high-salt was unable to induce autophagy and autophagic flux in UCP2-silenced cells, concomitantly with excessive ROS accumulation. The addition of an autophagy inducer, Tat-Beclin 1, rescued the viability of UCP2-silenced cells even when exposed to high-salt. In summary, UCP2 mediated the interaction between high-salt-induced oxidative stress and autophagy to preserve viability of both endothelial and renal tubular cells. In the presence of excessive ROS accumulation (achieved upon UCP2 silencing and high-salt exposure of silenced cells) autophagy was turned off. In this condition, an exogenous autophagy inducer rescued the cellular damage induced by excess ROS level. Our data confirm the protective role of UCP2 toward high-salt-induced vascular and renal injury, and they underscore the role of autophagy/mitophagy as a mechanism counteracting the high-salt-induced oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy. .,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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The Ultrastructural Analysis of Human Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Spheroids and Their Mouse Xenograft Shows That the Same Cells Types Have Different Ratios. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090929. [PMID: 34571806 PMCID: PMC8465655 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spheroids from primary colorectal cancer cells and their mice xenografts have emerged as useful preclinical models for cancer research as they replicate tumor features more faithfully as compared to cell lines. While 3D models provide a reliable system for drug discovery and testing, their structural complexity represents a challenge and their structure-function relationships are only partly understood. Here, we present a comparative ultrastructural and flow citometric analysis of patient colorectal cancer-derived spheroids and their mice xenografts. Ultrastructural observations highlighted that multicellular spheroids and their xenografts contain the same cancer cell types but with different ratios, specifically multicellular spheroids were enriched in cells with a stem-like phenotype, while xenografts had an increased amount of lipid droplets-containing cells. The flow cytometric analysis for stem cell marker and activity showed enrichment of stem-like cells presence and activity in spheroids while xenografts had the inverse response. Our results evidence the effects on cancer cells of different in vitro and in vivo microenvironments. Those differences have to be paid into account in designing innovative experimental models for personalized drug testing.
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43
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Autophagy Elicits Neuroprotection at the Subacute Phase of Transient Cerebral Ischaemia but Has Few Effects on Neurological Outcomes After Permanent Ischaemic Stroke in Rats. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:803-814. [PMID: 34403106 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy was prominently activated by cerebral ischaemia. This study was to investigate the exact role of autophagy in ischaemic stroke. METHODS Two rat models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and permanent MCAO (pMCAO) were prepared. The brain tissues in the penumbra were obtained to observe the dynamic variations of autophagy activity with Beclin1 and LC3 antibodies by Western blotting. At the characteristic time points, when autophagy activity was markedly elevated or reduced, the autophagy activation signaling was intervened with rapamycin and 3-methyladenine, respectively. Thereafter, key proteins in the autopahgic/lysosomal pathway were detected with the antibodies of LC3, p62, ubiquitin, LAMP-1 and cathepsin B. Meanwhile, TTC staining, neurological score and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate brain infarct volume, neurological deficit and neuron survival, respectively. RESULTS Both Beclin1 and LC3 expression levels were remarkably altered at 6 h, 12 h, 2 days and 7 days after tMCAO. Interestingly, the dynamic changes of autophagy activity following pMCAO were identical to those after tMCAO. Neither autophagy induction nor autophagy inhibition was able to ameliorate the pMCAO-induced neurological injury due to lysosomal dysfunction, as indicated by low levels of LAMP-1 and cathepsin B, accompanied with the accumulation of LC3-II, ubiquitin and insoluble p62. Comparatively, autophagy induction elicited overt neuroprotection at 2 and 7 days after tMCAO, and this neuroprotection might be elicited by the enhancement of autophagy flux. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that autophagy confers neuroprotection at the subacute phase of tMCAO but has few effects on neurological outcomes after pMCAO.
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Fan Y, Shao J, Wei S, Song C, Li Y, Jiang S. Self-eating and Heart: The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1287-1303. [PMID: 34341709 PMCID: PMC8279526 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative pathway by which subcellular elements are broken down intracellularly to maintain cellular homeostasis. Cardiac autophagy commonly decreases with aging and is accompanied by the accumulation of misfolded proteins and dysfunctional organelles, which are undesirable to the cell. Reduction of autophagy over time leads to aging-related cardiac dysfunction and is inversely related to longevity. However, despite the increasing interest in autophagy in cardiac diseases and aging, the process remains an undervalued and disregarded object in calcific valvular disease. Neither the nature through which autophagy is triggered nor the interplay between autophagic machinery and targeted molecules during aortic valve calcification are fully understood. Recently, the upregulation of autophagy has been shown to result in cardioprotective effects against cell death as well as its origin. Here, we review the evidence that shows how autophagy can be both beneficial and detrimental as it pertains to aortic valve calcification in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Fan
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiakang Shao
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shixiong Wei
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chao Song
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanan Li
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shengli Jiang
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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45
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Luo Z, Zeng A, Chen Y, He S, He S, Jin X, Li C, Mei W, Lu Q. Ligustilide inhibited Angiotensin II induced A7r5 cell autophagy via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174184. [PMID: 34004211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential to vessel homeostasis and function in the cardiovascular system. Ligustilide (LIG) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese medicines, such as Ligusticum chuanxiong, Angelica, and other umbelliferous plants, and reported to have cardiovascular protective effects. In this study, we explore the effects and the potential mechanism of ligustilide on the Ang II-induced autophagy in A7r5 cells. Our results showed that ligustilide inhibited the Ang II-induced autophagy in A7r5 cells and down regulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3, ULK1, and Beclin-1. Ligustilide exerted a protective effect on the reduction of the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ and upregulated the nitric oxide concentration in A7r5 cells with Ang II-induced autophagy. Additionally, the analyses of network pharmacological targets and potential signal pathways indicated that the target of ligustilide to regulate autophagy was related to the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, ligustilide could upregulate the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR and inhibit the expression of LC3II in A7r5 cells with Ang II-induced autophagy. These findings showed that ligustilide inhibited the autophagic flux in A7r5 cells induced by Ang II via the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Zeng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumiao He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqing He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China.
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46
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Carnevale R, Nocella C, Schiavon S, Cammisotto V, Cotugno M, Forte M, Valenti V, Marchitti S, Vecchio D, Biondi Zoccai G, Rubattu S, Martinelli O, Pignatelli P, Violi F, Volpe M, Versaci F, Frati L, Frati G, Sciarretta S. Beneficial effects of a combination of natural product activators of autophagy on endothelial cells and platelets. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2146-2159. [PMID: 33512008 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro‐Napoli Naples Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Maria Cotugno
- Department of Angio‐Cardio‐Neurology IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle Pozzilli Italy
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of Angio‐Cardio‐Neurology IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle Pozzilli Italy
| | | | - Simona Marchitti
- Department of Angio‐Cardio‐Neurology IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle Pozzilli Italy
| | - Daniele Vecchio
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro‐Napoli Naples Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Angio‐Cardio‐Neurology IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle Pozzilli Italy
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Ombretta Martinelli
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department “Paride Stefanini” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro‐Napoli Naples Italy
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro‐Napoli Naples Italy
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Angio‐Cardio‐Neurology IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle Pozzilli Italy
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | | | - Luigi Frati
- Department of Angio‐Cardio‐Neurology IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle Pozzilli Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
- Department of Angio‐Cardio‐Neurology IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle Pozzilli Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Angio‐Cardio‐Neurology IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle Pozzilli Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina, 04100 Italy
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Relucenti M, Familiari P, Iacopino G, Bruzzaniti P, Miglietta S, Salvati M, Li X, Chen R, D'Andrea G, Frati A, Di Gioia C, Pernazza A, Della Rocca C, Familiari G, Santoro A. RET/PTC3 translocation in a rare hemorrhagic brain metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer post Chernobyl radiation affects vessels ultrastructure. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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48
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Relucenti M, Familiari G, Donfrancesco O, Taurino M, Li X, Chen R, Artini M, Papa R, Selan L. Microscopy Methods for Biofilm Imaging: Focus on SEM and VP-SEM Pros and Cons. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010051. [PMID: 33445707 PMCID: PMC7828176 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bacterial biofilms cause infections that are often resistant to antibiotic treatments. Research about the formation and elimination of biofilms cannot be undertaken without detailed imaging techniques. In this review, traditional and cutting-edge microscopy methods to study biofilm structure, ultrastructure, and 3-D architecture, with particular emphasis on conventional scanning electron microscopy and variable pressure scanning electron microscopy, are addressed, with the respective advantages and disadvantages. When ultrastructural characterization of biofilm matrix and its embedded bacterial cells is needed, as in studies on the effects of drug treatments on biofilm, scanning electron microscopy with customized protocols such as the osmium tetroxide (OsO4), ruthenium red (RR), tannic acid (TA), and ionic liquid (IL) must be preferred over other methods for the following: unparalleled image quality, magnification and resolution, minimal sample loss, and actual sample structure preservation. The first step to make a morphological assessment of the effect of the various pharmacological treatments on clinical biofilms is the production of images that faithfully reflect the structure of the sample. The extraction of quantitative parameters from images, possible using specific software, will allow for the scanning electron microscopy morphological evaluation to no longer be considered as an accessory technique, but a quantitative method to all effects. Abstract Several imaging methodologies have been used in biofilm studies, contributing to deepening the knowledge on their structure. This review illustrates the most widely used microscopy techniques in biofilm investigations, focusing on traditional and innovative scanning electron microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), variable pressure SEM (VP-SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), and the more recent ambiental SEM (ASEM), ending with the cutting edge Cryo-SEM and focused ion beam SEM (FIB SEM), highlighting the pros and cons of several methods with particular emphasis on conventional SEM and VP-SEM. As each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, the choice of the most appropriate method must be done carefully, based on the specific aim of the study. The evaluation of the drug effects on biofilm requires imaging methods that show the most detailed ultrastructural features of the biofilm. In this kind of research, the use of scanning electron microscopy with customized protocols such as osmium tetroxide (OsO4), ruthenium red (RR), tannic acid (TA) staining, and ionic liquid (IL) treatment is unrivalled for its image quality, magnification, resolution, minimal sample loss, and actual sample structure preservation. The combined use of innovative SEM protocols and 3-D image analysis software will allow for quantitative data from SEM images to be extracted; in this way, data from images of samples that have undergone different antibiofilm treatments can be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (O.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649918061
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (O.D.)
| | - Orlando Donfrancesco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (O.D.)
| | - Maurizio Taurino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Unit of Vascular Surgery, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (L.S.)
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Moreno Fernández-Ayala DJ, Navas P, López-Lluch G. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111147. [PMID: 33171276 PMCID: PMC7648491 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe pneumonia (COVID-19) that affects essentially elderly people. In COVID-19, macrophage infiltration into the lung causes a rapid and intense cytokine storm leading finally to a multi-organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, lung and cardiovascular diseases, all of them age-associated diseases, increase the severity and lethality of COVID-19. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and COVID-19 risk factors. Dysfunctional mitochondria is associated with defective immunological response to viral infections and chronic inflammation. This review discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with defective immune response in aging and different age-related diseases, and with many of the comorbidities associated with poor prognosis in the progression of COVID-19. We suggest here that chronic inflammation caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is responsible of the explosive release of inflammatory cytokines causing severe pneumonia, multi-organ failure and finally death in COVID-19 patients. Preventive treatments based on therapies improving mitochondrial turnover, dynamics and activity would be essential to protect against COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Moreno Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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50
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Zhao Y, Zou Z, Sun D, Li Y, Sinha SC, Yu L, Bennett L, Levine B. GLIPR2 is a negative regulator of autophagy and the BECN1-ATG14-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex. Autophagy 2020; 17:2891-2904. [PMID: 33222586 PMCID: PMC8526008 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1847798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key mediator of macroautophagy/autophagy induction is the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I (PtdIns3K-C1) consisting of PIK3C3/VPS34, PIK3R4/VPS15, BECN1, and ATG14. Although several proteins are known to enhance or decrease PtdIns3K-C1 activity, our understanding of the molecular regulation of PtdIns3K-C1 is still incomplete. Previously, we identified a Golgi-associated protein, GLIPR2, in a screen for proteins that interact with amino acids 267–284 of BECN1, a region of BECN1 sufficient to induce autophagy when fused to a cell penetrating leader sequence. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9-mediated depletion of GLIPR2 in cells and mice to investigate the role of GLIPR2 in the regulation of autophagy and PtdIns3K-C1 activity. Depletion of GLIPR2 in HeLa cells increased autelophagic flux and generation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). GLIPR2 knockout resulted in less compact Golgi structures, which was also observed in autophagy-inducing conditions such as amino acid starvation or Tat-BECN1 peptide treatment. Importantly, the binding of GLIPR2 to purified PtdIns3K-C1 inhibited the in vitro lipid kinase activity of PtdIns3K-C1. Moreover, the tissues of glipr2 knockout mice had increased basal autophagic flux as well as increased recruitment of the PtdIns3P-binding protein, WIPI2. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that GLIPR2 is a negative regulator of PtdIns3K-C1 activity and basal autophagy. Abbreviations: ATG14: autophagy related 14; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BARA: β-α repeated, autophagy-specific; CQ: chloroquine; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GLIPR2: GLI pathogenesis related 2; HBSS: Hanks’ balanced salt solution; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PtdIns3K-C1: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SEM: standard error of the mean; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhao
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhongju Zou
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daxiao Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sangita C Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Li Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lynda Bennett
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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