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Regnard S, Otani M, Keruzore M, Teinturier A, Blondel M, Kawakami N, Krapp A, Colcombet J. The MKK3 module integrates nitrate and light signals to modulate secondary dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403646121. [PMID: 39298469 PMCID: PMC11459149 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403646121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Seed dormancy corresponds to a reversible blockage of germination. Primary dormancy is established during seed maturation, while secondary dormancy is set up on the dispersed seed, following an exposure to unfavorable factors. Both dormancies are relieved in response to environmental factors, such as light, nitrate, and coldness. Quantitive Trait Locus (QTL) analyses for preharvest sprouting identified MKK3 kinase in cereals as a player in dormancy control. Here, we showed that MKK3 also plays a role in secondary dormancy in Arabidopsis within a signaling module composed of MAP3K13/14/19/20, MKK3, and clade-C MAPKs. Seeds impaired in this module acquired heat-induced secondary dormancy more rapidly than wild-type (WT) seeds, and this dormancy is less sensitive to nitrate, a signal able to release dormancy. We also demonstrated that MPK7 was strongly activated in the seed during dormancy release, especially in response to light and nitrate. This activation was greatly reduced in map3k13/14/19/20 and mkk3 mutants. Finally, we showed that the module was not regulated and apparently did not regulate the genes controlling abscisic acid/gibberellin acid hormone balance, one of the crucial mechanisms of seed dormancy control. Overall, our work identified a MAPK module controlling seed germination and enlarged the panel of functions of the MKK3-related modules in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Regnard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay91405, France
| | - Masahiko Otani
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Marc Keruzore
- Université de Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1078, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest29200, France
| | - Alizée Teinturier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Versailles78000, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Université de Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1078, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest29200, France
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Anne Krapp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Versailles78000, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay91405, France
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The Protein Phosphatase GhAP2C1 Interacts Together with GhMPK4 to Synergistically Regulate the Immune Response to Fusarium oxysporum in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042014. [PMID: 35216128 PMCID: PMC8876771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays an important role in mediating responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and is the main pathway through which extracellular stimuli are transduced intracellularly as signals. Our previous research showed that the GhMKK6-GhMPK4 cascade signaling pathway plays an important role in cotton immunity. To further analyze the role and regulatory mechanism of the GhMKK6-GhMPK4 cascade signaling pathway in cotton resistance to Fusarium wilt, we functionally analyzed GhMPK4. Our results show that silencing GhMPK4 reduces cotton tolerance to Fusarium wilt and reduces the expression of several resistance genes. Further experiments revealed that GhMPK4 is similar to GhMKK6, both of whose overexpression cause unfavorable cotton immune response characteristics. By using a yeast two-hybrid screening library and performing a bioinformatics analysis, we screened and identified a negative regulator of the MAPK kinase-protein phosphatase AP2C1. Through the functional analysis of AP2C1, it was found that, after being silenced, GhAP2C1 increased resistance to Fusarium wilt, but GhAP2C1 overexpression caused sensitivity to Fusarium wilt. These findings show that GhAP2C1 interacts together with GhMPK4 to regulate the immune response of cotton to Fusarium oxysporum, which provides important data for functionally analyzing and studying the feedback regulatory mechanism of the MAPK cascade and helps to clarify the regulatory mechanism through which the MAPK cascade acts in response to pathogens.
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Wang Y, Fang Z, Yang L, Chan Z. Transcriptional variation analysis of Arabidopsis ecotypes in response to drought and salt stresses dissects commonly regulated networks. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:77-90. [PMID: 33280127 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and drought conditions commonly result in osmotic and oxidative stresses, while salinity additionally causes ionic stress. In this study, we identified specific genes regulated by osmotic and ionic stresses in five Arabidopsis ecotypes. Shahdara (SHA) and C24 ecotypes were more tolerant to salt and drought stresses at the seedling growth stage, as evidenced by lower water loss rate, lower electrolyte leakage, and higher survival rate when compared to the other three ecotypes under drought and salinity conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 3700 and 2242 genes were differentially regulated by salt and osmotic stresses, respectively. Totally 78.1% of upregulated and 62.0% of downregulated genes by osmotic stress were also commonly regulated by salt stress. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis showed that auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid, cytokinin, and gibberellic acid pathways were regulated by the osmotic stress, while IAA, jasmonic acid, and ethylene pathways were changed by the ionic stress. The nutrient and water uptake pathways were regulated by both the osmotic and ionic stresses, whereas ion transportation and kinase pathways were modulated by the ionic stress. Additionally, we characterized bHLH61 as a negative regulator in response to salt and drought stresses. This study provided new clues of plant responses to salt and drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengfu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Liu H, Siddique KHM, Yan G. Transcriptomic profiling of wheat near-isogenic lines reveals candidate genes on chromosome 3A for pre-harvest sprouting resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33478384 PMCID: PMC7818928 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat can cause severe damage to both grain yield and quality. Resistance to PHS is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes located across all 21 wheat chromosomes. The study targeted a large-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 for PHS resistance using several sets previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs). Two pairs of NILs with highly significant phenotypic differences between the isolines were examined by RNA sequencing for their transcriptomic profiles on developing seeds at 15, 25 and 35 days after pollination (DAP) to identify candidate genes underlying the QTL and elucidate gene effects on PHS resistance. At each DAP, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the isolines were investigated. RESULTS Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of key DEGs suggested that six candidate genes underlie QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 responsible for PHS resistance in wheat. Candidate gene expression was further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Within the targeted QTL interval, 16 genetic variants including five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 indels showed consistent polymorphism between resistant and susceptible isolines. CONCLUSIONS The targeted QTL is confirmed to harbor core genes related to hormone signaling pathways that can be exploited as a key genomic region for marker-assisted selection. The candidate genes and SNP/indel markers detected in this study are valuable resources for understanding the mechanism of PHS resistance and for marker-assisted breeding of the trait in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Wang
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hui Liu
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Guijun Yan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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McCabe CE, Graham MA. New tools for characterizing early brown stem rot disease resistance signaling in soybean. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20037. [PMID: 33217212 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown stem rot (BSR) reduces soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield by up to 38%. The BSR causal agent is Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae, a slow-growing, necrotrophic fungus whose life cycle includes latent and pathogenic phases, each lasting several weeks. Brown stem rot foliar symptoms are often misdiagnosed as other soybean diseases or nutrient stress, making BSR resistance especially difficult to phenotype. To shed light on the genes and networks contributing to P. gregata resistance, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of a resistant genotype (PI 437970, Rbs3). Leaf, stem, and root tissues were collected 12, 24, and 36 h after stab inoculation with P. gregata, or mock infection, in the plant stem. By using multiple tissues and time points, we could see that leaves, stems, and roots use the same defense pathways. Our analyses suggest that P. gregata induces a biphasic defense response, with pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity observed in leaves at 12 and 24 h after infection (HAI) and effector triggered immunity detected at 36 h after infection in the stems. Gene networks associated with defense, photosynthesis, nutrient homeostasis, DNA replication, and growth are the hallmarks of resistance to P. gregata. While P. gregata is a slow-growing pathogen, our results demonstrate that pathogen recognition occurs hours after infection. By exploiting the genes and networks described here, we will be able to develop novel diagnostic tools to facilitate breeding and screening for BSR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal E McCabe
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
| | - Michelle A Graham
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
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Bittner A, van Buer J, Baier M. Cold priming uncouples light- and cold-regulation of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:281. [PMID: 32552683 PMCID: PMC7301481 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of stress-sensitive genes responds to cold and high light in the same direction, if plants face the stresses for the first time. As shown recently for a small selection of genes of the core environmental stress response cluster, pre-treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana with a 24 h long 4 °C cold stimulus modifies cold regulation of gene expression for up to a week at 20 °C, although the primary cold effects are reverted within the first 24 h. Such memory-based regulation is called priming. Here, we analyse the effect of 24 h cold priming on cold regulation of gene expression on a transcriptome-wide scale and investigate if and how cold priming affects light regulation of gene expression. RESULTS Cold-priming affected cold and excess light regulation of a small subset of genes. In contrast to the strong gene co-regulation observed upon cold and light stress in non-primed plants, most priming-sensitive genes were regulated in a stressor-specific manner in cold-primed plant. Furthermore, almost as much genes were inversely regulated as co-regulated by a 24 h long 4 °C cold treatment and exposure to heat-filtered high light (800 μmol quanta m- 2 s- 1). Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that cold priming preferentially supports expression of genes involved in the defence against plant pathogens upon cold triggering. The regulation took place on the cost of the expression of genes involved in growth regulation and transport. On the contrary, cold priming resulted in stronger expression of genes regulating metabolism and development and weaker expression of defence genes in response to high light triggering. qPCR with independently cultivated and treated replicates confirmed the trends observed in the RNASeq guide experiment. CONCLUSION A 24 h long priming cold stimulus activates a several days lasting stress memory that controls cold and light regulation of gene expression and adjusts growth and defence regulation in a stressor-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bittner
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn van Buer
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sözen C, Schenk ST, Boudsocq M, Chardin C, Almeida-Trapp M, Krapp A, Hirt H, Mithöfer A, Colcombet J. Wounding and Insect Feeding Trigger Two Independent MAPK Pathways with Distinct Regulation and Kinetics. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1988-2003. [PMID: 32265268 PMCID: PMC7268812 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic factors cause plant wounding and trigger complex short- and long-term responses at the local and systemic levels. These responses are under the control of complex signaling pathways, which are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the rapid activation of clade-A mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK3 and MPK6 by wounding depends on the upstream MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5 but is independent of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. In addition, this fast module does not control wound-triggered JA accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), unlike its orthologs in tobacco. We also demonstrate that a second MAPK module, composed of MKK3 and the clade-C MAPKs MPK1/2/7, is activated by wounding in a MKK4/5-independent manner. We provide evidence that the activation of this MKK3-MPK1/2/7 module occurs mainly through wound-induced JA production via the transcriptional regulation of upstream clade-III MAP3Ks, particularly MAP3K14. We show that mkk3 mutant plants are more susceptible to herbivory from larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Spodoptera littoralis, indicating that the MKK3-MPK1/2/7 module is involved in counteracting insect feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Sözen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sebastian T Schenk
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Camille Chardin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
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Kimura S, Hunter K, Vaahtera L, Tran HC, Citterico M, Vaattovaara A, Rokka A, Stolze SC, Harzen A, Meißner L, Wilkens MMT, Hamann T, Toyota M, Nakagami H, Wrzaczek M. CRK2 and C-terminal Phosphorylation of NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1063-1080. [PMID: 32034035 PMCID: PMC7145479 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important messengers in eukaryotic organisms, and their production is tightly controlled. Active extracellular ROS production by NADPH oxidases in plants is triggered by receptor-like protein kinase-dependent signaling networks. Here, we show that CYSTEINE-RICH RLK2 (CRK2) kinase activity is required for plant growth and CRK2 exists in a preformed complex with the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Functional CRK2 is required for the full elicitor-induced ROS burst, and consequently the crk2 mutant is impaired in defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Our work demonstrates that CRK2 regulates plant innate immunity. We identified in vitro CRK2-dependent phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD. Phosphorylation of S703 RBOHD is enhanced upon flg22 treatment, and substitution of S703 with Ala reduced ROS production in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that phospho-sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD are conserved throughout the plant lineage and between animals and plants. We propose that regulation of NADPH oxidase activity by phosphorylation of the C-terminal region might be an ancient mechanism and that CRK2 is an important element in regulating microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Kimura
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kerri Hunter
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Huy Cuong Tran
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Matteo Citterico
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Aleksia Vaattovaara
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Meißner
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Maya Melina Tabea Wilkens
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53593, USA
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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Kumar M, Kesawat MS, Ali A, Lee SC, Gill SS, Kim HU. Integration of Abscisic Acid Signaling with Other Signaling Pathways in Plant Stress Responses and Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E592. [PMID: 31835863 PMCID: PMC6963649 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants are immobile and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. Abscisic acid (ABA), an isoprenoid phytohormone, is a critical signaling mediator that regulates diverse biological processes in various organisms. Significant progress has been made in the determination and characterization of key ABA-mediated molecular factors involved in different stress responses, including stomatal closure and developmental processes, such as seed germination and bud dormancy. Since ABA signaling is a complex signaling network that integrates with other signaling pathways, the dissection of its intricate regulatory network is necessary to understand the function of essential regulatory genes involved in ABA signaling. In the present review, we focus on two aspects of ABA signaling. First, we examine the perception of the stress signal (abiotic and biotic) and the response network of ABA signaling components that transduce the signal to the downstream pathway to respond to stress tolerance, regulation of stomata, and ABA signaling component ubiquitination. Second, ABA signaling in plant development processes, such as lateral root growth regulation, seed germination, and flowering time regulation is investigated. Examining such diverse signal integration dynamics could enhance our understanding of the underlying genetic, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of ABA signaling networks in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kumar
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | | | - Asjad Ali
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, East Lismore NSW 2480, Australia;
| | | | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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Tajti J, Németh E, Glatz G, Janda T, Pál M. Pattern of changes in salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) gene expression and salicylic acid accumulation in wheat under cadmium exposure. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:1176-1180. [PMID: 31332893 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) is known as a 'master switch' for stress responses in plants. It can be induced by salicylic acid (SA) and several stress factors. The main aim of the present study was to reveal the relationship between SA accumulation and the gene expression level of SIPK during 50 and 250 µm Cd stress in wheat plants. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for determination of the gene expression level of SIPK. Salicylic acid content measurement was performed with an HPLC system equipped with a fluorescence detector. Cadmium treatment increased the endogenous SA level and expression level of SIPK in a concentration-dependent manner. Induction of SIPK expression preceded the accumulation of endogenous SA. Although SA treatment induced dramatic endogenous SA accumulation, its SIPK-inducing effect was moderate. In roots, higher induction of SIPK was observed than in leaves. The same tendency of SIPK expression was observed in both Cd- and SA-treated plants, as decisively the highest transcript level was detected after 30 min of treatment, but thereafter the expression decreased rapidly to control level or even below. The induction of SIPK was transient in all cases, and even a very high SA level in either the leaves or roots was not able to maintain the elevated expression level of this gene. The results suggest that SIPK has a role in initiating Cd stress response and the exogenous SA-induced signalling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tajti
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - E Németh
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - G Glatz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Janda
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - M Pál
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
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Wei W, Liang DW, Bian XH, Shen M, Xiao JH, Zhang WK, Ma B, Lin Q, Lv J, Chen X, Chen SY, Zhang JS. GmWRKY54 improves drought tolerance through activating genes in abscisic acid and Ca 2+ signaling pathways in transgenic soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:384-398. [PMID: 31271689 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play important roles in response to various abiotic stresses. Previous study have proved that soybean GmWRKY54 can improve stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Here, we generated soybean transgenic plants and further investigated roles and biological mechanisms of GmWRKY54 in response to drought stress. We demonstrated that expression of GmWRKY54, driven by either a constitutive promoter (pCm) or a drought-induced promoter (RD29a), confers drought tolerance. GmWRKY54 is a transcriptional activator and affects a large number of stress-related genes as revealed by RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and co-expression network analysis, together with measurement of physiological parameters, supported the idea that GmWRKY54 enhances stomatal closure to reduce water loss, and therefore confers drought tolerance in soybean. GmWRKY54 directly binds to the promoter regions of genes including PYL8, SRK2A, CIPK11 and CPK3 and activates them. Therefore GmWRKY54 achieves its function through abscisic acid (ABA) and Ca2+ signaling pathways. It is valuable that GmWRKY54 activates an ABA receptor and an SnRK2 kinase in the upstream position, unlike other WRKY proteins that regulate downstream genes in the ABA pathway. Our study revealed the role of GmWRKY54 in drought tolerance and further manipulation of this gene should improve growth and production in soybean and other legumes/crops under unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Da-Wei Liang
- Syngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Bian
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Shen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Syngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Syngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Syngenta Biotechnology (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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13
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Ganusova EE, Burch-Smith TM. Review: Plant-pathogen interactions through the plasmodesma prism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:70-80. [PMID: 30709495 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) allow membrane and cytoplasmic continuity between plant cells, and they are essential for intercellular communication and signaling in addition to metabolite partitioning. Plant pathogens have evolved a variety of mechanisms to subvert PD to facilitate their infection of plant hosts. PD are implicated not only in local spread around infection sites but also in the systemic spread of pathogens and pathogen-derived molecules. In turn, plants have developed strategies to limit pathogen spread via PD, and there is increasing evidence that PD may also be active players in plant defense responses. The last few years have seen important advances in understanding the roles of PD in plant-pathogen infection. Nonetheless, several critical areas remain to be addressed. Here we highlight some of these, focusing on the need to consider the effects of pathogen-PD interaction on the trafficking of endogenous molecules, and the involvement of chloroplasts in regulating PD during pathogen defense. By their very nature, PD are recalcitrant to most currently used investigative techniques, therefore answering these questions will require creative imaging and novel quantification approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Ganusova
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States.
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14
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Hwang JU, Yim S, Do THT, Kang J, Lee Y. Arabidopsis thaliana Raf22 protein kinase maintains growth capacity during postgerminative growth arrest under stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1565-1578. [PMID: 29575093 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When seeds are exposed to drought and salinity during germination, newly germinated embryos stop growth and enter a quiescent state called postgerminative growth (PGG) arrest. PGG arrest protects embryos from the stress, but it is not known how PGG is restored from the arrest when stress is eased. In this study, we show that under stress- or abscisic acid-induced PGG arrest conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana Raf-type protein kinase 22 (AtRaf22) overexpression accelerated photoautotrophic seedling establishment, whereas atraf22 knockout mutations enhanced the arrest. Furthermore, when the stress intensity was reduced subsequently, AtRaf22 overexpression plants resumed growth and accomplished photoautotrophic transition much faster than the knockout or wild-type plants. These results suggest that AtRaf22 activity is important for maintaining growth capacity during stress-induced PGG arrest, which is most likely critical for competitive growth when the stress subsides and plants resume growth. Such a factor has not been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ung Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Yim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Ha Thi Do
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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15
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Krysan PJ, Colcombet J. Cellular Complexity in MAPK Signaling in Plants: Questions and Emerging Tools to Answer Them. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1674. [PMID: 30538711 PMCID: PMC6277691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in many aspects of plant growth, development, and environmental response. Because of their central role in many important processes, MAPKs have been extensively studied using biochemical and genetic approaches. This work has allowed for the identification of the MAPK genes and proteins involved in a number of different signaling pathways. Less well developed, however, is our understanding of how MAPK cascades and their corresponding signaling pathways are organized at subcellular levels. In this review, we will provide an overview of plant MAPK signaling, including a discussion of what is known about cellular mechanisms for achieving signaling specificity. Then we will explore what is currently known about the subcellular localization of MAPK proteins in resting conditions and after pathway activation. Finally, we will discuss a number of new experimental methods that have not been widely deployed in plants that have the potential to provide a deeper understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Krysan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- *Correspondence: Jean Colcombet,
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16
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Patel A, Dey N, Chaudhuri S, Pal A. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a Vigna mungo MAP kinase associated with Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus infection and deciphering its role in restricting the virus multiplication. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 262:127-140. [PMID: 28716408 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Yellow Mosaic Disease caused by the begomovirus Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) severely affects many economically important legumes. Recent investigations in Vigna mungo - MYMIV incompatible interaction identified a MAPK homolog in the defense signaling pathway. An important branch of immunity involves phosphorylation by evolutionary conserved Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that transduce signals of pathogen invasion to downstream molecules leading to diverse immune responses. However, most of the knowledge of MAPKs is derived from model crops, and functions of these versatile kinases are little explored in legumes. Here we report characterization of a MAP kinase (VmMAPK1), which was induced upon MYMIV-inoculation in resistant V. mungo. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VmMAPK1 is closely related to other plant-stress-responsive MAPKs. Both mRNA and protein of VmMAPK1 were accumulated upon MYMIV infection. The VmMAPK1 protein localized in the nucleus as well as cytoplasm and possessed phosphorylation activity in vitro. A detailed biochemical characterization of purified recombinant VmMAPK1 demonstrated an intramolecular mechanism of autophosphorylation and self-catalyzed phosphate incorporation on both threonine and tyrosine residues. The Vmax and Km values of recombinant VmMAPK1 for ATP were 6.292nmol/mg/min and 0.7978μM, respectively. Furthermore, the ability of VmMAPK1 to restrict MYMIV multiplication was validated by its ectopic expression in transgenic tobacco. Importantly, overexpression of VmMAPK1 resulted in the considerable upregulation of defense-responsive marker PR genes. Thus, the present data suggests the critical role of VmMAPK1 in suppressing MYMIV multiplication presumably through SA-mediated signaling pathway and inducing PR genes establishing the significant implications in understanding MAP kinase gene function during Vigna-MYMIV interaction; and hence paves the way for introgression of resistance in leguminous crops susceptible to MYMIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Patel
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Division of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Shubho Chaudhuri
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Amita Pal
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India.
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17
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de Zelicourt A, Colcombet J, Hirt H. The Role of MAPK Modules and ABA during Abiotic Stress Signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:677-685. [PMID: 27143288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To respond to abiotic stresses, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly perceive and respond to environmental changes. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) was shown to be a pivotal regulator of abiotic stress responses in plants, triggering major changes in plant physiology. The ABA core signaling pathway largely relies on the activation of SnRK2 kinases to mediate several rapid responses, including gene regulation, stomatal closure, and plant growth modulation. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have also been implicated in ABA signaling, but an entire ABA-activated MAPK module was uncovered only recently. In this review, we discuss the evidence for a role of MAPK modules in the context of different plant ABA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel de Zelicourt
- 4700 King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- 4700 King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Orsay 91405, France.
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18
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Colcombet J, Sözen C, Hirt H. Convergence of Multiple MAP3Ks on MKK3 Identifies a Set of Novel Stress MAPK Modules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1941. [PMID: 28066492 PMCID: PMC5177658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Since its first description in 1995 and functional characterization 12 years later, plant MKK3-type MAP2Ks have emerged as important integrators in plant signaling. Although they have received less attention than the canonical stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), several recent publications shed light on their important roles in plant adaptation to environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the MKK3-related literature is complicated. This review summarizes the current knowledge and discrepancies on MKK3 MAPK modules in plants and highlights the singular role of MKK3 in green plants. In the light of the latest data, we hypothesize a general model that all clade-III MAP3Ks converge on MKK3 and C-group MAPKs, thereby defining a set of novel MAPK modules which are activated by stresses and internal signals through the transcriptional regulation of MAP3K genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France
- *Correspondence: Jean Colcombet,
| | - Cécile Sözen
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
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