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Silver BB, Brooks A, Gerrish K, Tokar EJ. Isolation and Characterization of Cell-Free DNA from Cerebral Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5522. [PMID: 38791569 PMCID: PMC11121789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection of neurological conditions is critical for timely diagnosis and treatment. Identifying cellular-level changes is essential for implementing therapeutic interventions prior to symptomatic disease onset. However, monitoring brain tissue directly through biopsies is invasive and poses a high risk. Bodily fluids such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid contain information in many forms, including proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has potential as a versatile neurological biomarker. Yet, our knowledge of cfDNA released by brain tissue and how cfDNA changes in response to deleterious events within the brain is incomplete. Mapping changes in cfDNA to specific cellular events is difficult in vivo, wherein many tissues contribute to circulating cfDNA. Organoids are tractable systems for examining specific changes consistently in a human background. However, few studies have investigated cfDNA released from organoids. Here, we examined cfDNA isolated from cerebral organoids. We found that cerebral organoids release quantities of cfDNA sufficient for downstream analysis with droplet-digital PCR and whole-genome sequencing. Further, gene ontology analysis of genes aligning with sequenced cfDNA fragments revealed associations with terms related to neurodevelopment and autism spectrum disorder. We conclude that cerebral organoids hold promise as tools for the discovery of cfDNA biomarkers related to neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Silver
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Ashley Brooks
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Kevin Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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Blalock ZN, Wu GWY, Lindqvist D, Trumpff C, Flory JD, Lin J, Reus VI, Rampersaud R, Hammamieh R, Gautam A, Doyle FJ, Marmar CR, Jett M, Yehuda R, Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity in a cohort of male veterans with and without combat-related PTSD. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:22. [PMID: 38200001 PMCID: PMC10781666 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a biomarker of cellular injury or cellular stress and is a potential novel biomarker of psychological stress and of various brain, somatic, and psychiatric disorders. No studies have yet analyzed ccf-mtDNA levels in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in this condition. In the current study, we compared plasma ccf-mtDNA levels in combat trauma-exposed male veterans with PTSD (n = 111) with those who did not develop PTSD (n = 121) and also investigated the relationship between ccf mt-DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity. In unadjusted analyses, ccf-mtDNA levels did not differ significantly between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups (t = 1.312, p = 0.191, Cohen's d = 0.172). In a sensitivity analysis excluding participants with diabetes and those using antidepressant medication and controlling for age, the PTSD group had lower ccf-mtDNA levels than did the non-PTSD group (F(1, 179) = 5.971, p = 0.016, partial η2 = 0.033). Across the entire sample, ccf-mtDNA levels were negatively correlated with post-dexamethasone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decline (r = -0.171, p = 0.020) and cortisol decline (r = -0.149, p = 0.034) (viz., greater ACTH and cortisol suppression was associated with lower ccf-mtDNA levels) both with and without controlling for age, antidepressant status and diabetes status. Ccf-mtDNA levels were also significantly positively associated with IC50-DEX (the concentration of dexamethasone at which 50% of lysozyme activity is inhibited), a measure of lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity, after controlling for age, antidepressant status, and diabetes status (β = 0.142, p = 0.038), suggesting that increased lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity is associated with lower ccf-mtDNA levels. Although no overall group differences were found in unadjusted analyses, excluding subjects with diabetes and those taking antidepressants, which may affect ccf-mtDNA levels, as well as controlling for age, revealed decreased ccf-mtDNA levels in PTSD. In both adjusted and unadjusted analyses, low ccf-mtDNA levels were associated with relatively increased glucocorticoid sensitivity, often reported in PTSD, suggesting a link between mitochondrial and glucocorticoid-related abnormalities in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Blalock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gwyneth W Y Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Rampersaud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Calarco CA, Keppetipola SM, Kumar G, Shipper AG, Lobo MK. Whole blood mitochondrial copy number in clinical populations with mood disorders: A meta-analysis: Blood mitochondrial copy number and mood disorders. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115662. [PMID: 38118327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are globally prevalent, contributing to significant disease burden and adverse health outcomes. These mood disorders are associated with changes in many aspects of brain reward pathways, yet cellular and molecular changes in the brain are not readily available in clinical populations. Therefore, the use of biomarkers as proxies for changes in the brain are necessary. The proliferation of mitochondria in blood has emerged as a potentially useful biomarker, yet a clear consensus on how these mood disorders impact mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) has not been reached. To determine the current available consensus on the relationship of mood disorder diagnosis and blood mtDNcn, we performed a meta-analysis of available literature measuring this biomarker. Following PRISMA guidelines for a systematic search, 22 papers met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (10 MDD, 10 BD, 2 both MDD and BD). We extracted demographic, disorder, and methodological information with mtDNAcn. Using the metafor package for R, calculated effect sizes were used in random effects or meta regression models for MDD and BD. Overall, our data suggest blood mtDNAcn may be a useful biomarker for mood disorders, with MDD and BD Type II associated with higher mtDNAcn, and BD Type I associated with lower mtDNAcn. Initially, we observed a trending increase in mtDNAcn in patients with MDD, which reached significance when one study with outlying demographic characteristics was excluded. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis indicated the relationship between mtDNAcn and diagnosis in patients with BD is dependent on BD type, while no relationship is detectable when BD types are mixed. Further study of blood mtDNAcn could predict downstream health outcomes or treatment responsivity in individuals with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali A Calarco
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | | | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Andrea G Shipper
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, 601W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
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Daniels TE, Zitkovsky EK, Laumann LE, Kunicki ZJ, Price DJ, Peterson AL, Dennery PA, Kao HT, Parade SH, Price LH, Abrantes AM, Tyrka AR. Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA and Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Active Adults Who Smoke. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:37-43. [PMID: 37769227 PMCID: PMC10843087 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) are observed to be altered in depression. However, the few studies that have measured cf-mtDNA in depression have reported conflicting findings. This study examined cf-mtDNA and depressive symptoms in low-active adults who smoke. METHODS Participants were adults 18 to 65 years old ( N = 109; 76% female) with low baseline physical activity and depressive symptoms recruited for a smoking cessation study. Self-report measures assessed depression severity, positive and negative affect, and behavioral activation. Blood was collected and analyzed for cf-mtDNA. Relationships between depressive symptoms and cf-mtDNA were examined with correlations and linear regression. RESULTS Levels of cf-mtDNA were associated with categorically defined depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score >15), lower positive affect, and decreased behavioral activation ( p < .05). Relationships remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and nicotine dependence. In a linear regression model including all depressive symptom measures as predictors, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale group and lower positive affect remained significant. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that mitochondrial changes are associated with depressive symptoms in low-active adults who smoke. Higher levels of cf-mtDNA in association with depression and with lower positive affect and decreased behavioral activation are consistent with a possible role for mitochondrial function in depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E. Daniels
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily K. Zitkovsky
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Laura E. Laumann
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Zachary J. Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Destiny J. Price
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research Department, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Yu M, Wei L, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yuan Y. Clinicopathological and circulating cell-free DNA profile in myositis associated with anti-mitochondrial antibody. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:2127-2138. [PMID: 37723899 PMCID: PMC10647000 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) are associated with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). We aimed to summarize the clinicopathological characteristics, assess circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA), and circulating cell-free nuclear DNA (ccf-nDNA) in AMA-associated IIMs. METHODS Medical records of 37 IIMs patients with AMAs were reviewed. Circulating cell-free mtDNA and ccf-nDNA levels in sera from IIMs patients with AMAs (n = 21), disease controls (n = 66) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 23) were measured and compared. Twenty-eight immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) patients, 23 dermatomyositis (DM) patients, and 15 anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) patients were enrolled as disease controls. Correlations between variables were analyzed. RESULTS Limb weakness was observed in 75.7% and neck weakness in 56.8% of patients. Cardiac involvement occurred in 51.4% of patients. Muscle pathology revealed 81.1% of IMNM, 5.4% polymyositis, and 13.5% nonspecific myositis. Microinfarction was observed in 8.1% of patients. Serum ccf-mtDNA levels in AMA-associated IIMs were significantly higher than those in HCs (p < 0.001), but no significant differences between AMA-associated IIMs and IMNM, DM, or ASS. Serum ccf-nDNA levels in AMA-associated IIMs were significantly higher than those in HCs (p = 0.02), and significantly lower than those in DM (p = 0.02). Serum ccf-nDNA levels correlated negatively with MMT8 total scores (rs = -0.458, p = 0.037) and positively with mRS scores (rs = 0.486, p = 0.025). Serum ccf-nDNA levels were significantly higher in the non-remission group (p < 0.01). INTERPRETATION AMA-associated IIMs exhibit distinct clinicopathological features. Serum ccf-nDNA may serve as a potential marker for disease severity and prognosis in AMA-associated IIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Wang
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
| | - Luhua Wei
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijing100034China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijing100034China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaPeking UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of NeurologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease DiscoveryBeijing100034China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaPeking UniversityBeijing100083China
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Hovhannisyan G, Harutyunyan T, Aroutiounian R, Liehr T. The Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential of Cell-Free DNA with a Special Focus on COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14163. [PMID: 37762464 PMCID: PMC10532175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in human blood serum, urine, and other body fluids recently became a commonly used diagnostic marker associated with various pathologies. This is because cfDNA enables a much higher sensitivity than standard biochemical parameters. The presence of and/or increased level of cfDNA has been reported for various diseases, including viral infections, including COVID-19. Here, we review cfDNA in general, how it has been identified, where it can derive from, its molecular features, and mechanisms of release and clearance. General suitability of cfDNA for diagnostic questions, possible shortcomings and future directions are discussed, with a special focus on coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Hovhannisyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Tigran Harutyunyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Calarco CA, Keppetipola SM, Kumar G, Shipper AG, Lobo MK. Whole blood mitochondrial copy number in clinical populations with mood disorders: a meta-analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557572. [PMID: 37745411 PMCID: PMC10515896 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are globally prevalent, contributing to significant disease burden and adverse health outcomes. These mood disorders are associated with changes in many aspects of brain reward pathways, yet cellular and molecular changes in the brain are not readily available in clinical populations. Therefore, the use of biomarkers as proxies for changes in the brain are necessary. The proliferation of mitochondria in blood has emerged as a potentially useful biomarker, yet a clear consensus on how these mood disorders impact mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) has not been reached. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines for a systematic search, 22 papers met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (10 MDD, 10 BD, 2 both MDD and BD). We extracted demographic, disorder, and methodological information with mtDNAcn. Using the metafor package for R, calculated effect sizes were used in random effects or meta regression models for MDD and BD. Results Our results show a trending increase in mtDNAcn in patients with MDD, which reaches significance when one study with outlying demographic characteristics is excluded. Overall, there was no effect of BD on mtDNAcn, however, further subgroup and meta-regression analysis indicated the effects on mtDNAcn are dependent on BD type. Conclusions Together our data suggest whole blood/leukocyte mtDNAcn may be a useful biomarker for mood disorders, with MDD and BD Type II associated with higher mtDNAcn, and BD Type I associated with lower mtDNAcn. Further study of blood mtDNAcn could predict downstream health outcomes or treatment responsivity in individuals with mood disorders.
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Semadhi MP, Mulyaty D, Halimah E, Levita J. Healthy mitochondrial DNA in balanced mitochondrial dynamics: A potential marker for neuro‑aging prediction (Review). Biomed Rep 2023; 19:64. [PMID: 37614983 PMCID: PMC10442761 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is released as a response to cellular stress. In mitochondrial biogenesis, active communication between the mitochondria genome and nucleus is associated with the mtDNA profile that affects the mitochondrial quality. The present review aimed to assess the molecular mechanism and potential roles of mitochondria in neuro-aging, including the importance of evaluating the health status of mtDNA via mitochondrial dynamics. The normal condition of mitochondria, defined as mitochondrial dynamics, includes persistent changes in morphology due to fission and fusion events and autophagy-mitophagy in the mitochondrial quality control process. The calculated copy number of mtDNA in the mitochondria genome represents cellular health, which can be affected by a long-term imbalance between the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the neuroendocrine system, which leads to an abnormal function of mitochondria and mtDNA damage. Mitochondria health is a new approach to discovering a potential indicator for the health status of the nervous system and several types of neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dynamics is a key contributor to predicting neuro-aging development, which affects the self-renewal and differentiation of neurons in cell metabolism. Neuro-aging is associated with uncontrolled mitochondrial dynamics, which generates age-associated diseases via various mechanisms and signaling routes that lead to the mtDNA damage that has been associated with neurodegeneration. Future studies on the strategic positioning of mtDNA health profile are needed to detect early neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Putra Semadhi
- Prodia National Reference Laboratory, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Mulyaty
- Prodia Widyahusada Co., Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Eli Halimah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Berezina TA, Berezin AE. Cell-free DNA as a plausible biomarker of chronic kidney disease. Epigenomics 2023; 15:879-890. [PMID: 37791402 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) is released from dead and/or apoptotic leukocytes and due to neutrophil extracellular traps contributing to an inflammatory response. Previous clinical studies have reported that the peak concentrations and dynamic changes of cf-DNA may be used as a noninvasive biomarker of worsening kidney function as well as a guide to the management of kidney allograft rejection. We hypothesized that the pattern and dynamic changes of cf-DNA might be a plausible predictive biomarker for patients at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, cardiovascular disease and established CKD. Along with it, pre- and posthemodialysis levels of serum cf-DNA appear to be a independent predictor for all-cause mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana A Berezina
- VitaCenter, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Zaporozhye, 69000, Ukraine
| | - Alexander E Berezin
- Paracelsus Medical University, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
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10
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Rao STRB, Turek I, Ratcliffe J, Beckham S, Cianciarulo C, Adil SSBMY, Kettle C, Whelan DR, Irving HR. 5-HT 3 Receptors on Mitochondria Influence Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098301. [PMID: 37176009 PMCID: PMC10179570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor belongs to the pentameric ligand-gated cation channel superfamily. Humans have five different 5-HT3 receptor subunits: A to E. The 5-HT3 receptors are located on the cell membrane, but a previous study suggested that mitochondria could also contain A subunits. In this article, we explored the distribution of 5-HT3 receptor subunits in intracellular and cell-free mitochondria. Organelle prediction software supported the localization of the A and E subunits on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. We transiently transfected HEK293T cells that do not natively express the 5-HT3 receptor with an epitope and fluorescent protein-tagged 5HT3A and 5HT3E subunits. Fluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation indicated that both subunits, A and E, localized to the mitochondria, while transmission electron microscopy revealed the location of the subunits on the mitochondrial inner membrane, where they could form heteromeric complexes. Cell-free mitochondria isolated from cell culture media colocalized with the fluorescent signal for A subunits. The presence of A and E subunits influenced changes in the membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates upon exposure to serotonin; this was inhibited by pre-treatment with ondansetron. Therefore, it is likely that the 5-HT3 receptors present on mitochondria directly impact mitochondrial function and that this may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh T R B Rao
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Ilona Turek
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Bio Imaging Platform, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Simone Beckham
- Regional Science Operations, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Cassandra Cianciarulo
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Siti S B M Y Adil
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Christine Kettle
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Donna R Whelan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Helen R Irving
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
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Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels in Psychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043402. [PMID: 36834811 PMCID: PMC9963116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels are known to increase in biological fluids in various pathological conditions. However, the data on circulating cfDNA in severe psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and depressive disorders (DDs), is contradictory. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the concentrations of different cfDNA types in schizophrenia, BD, and DDs compared with healthy donors. The mitochondrial (cf-mtDNA), genomic (cf-gDNA), and total cfDNA concentrations were analyzed separately. The effect size was estimated using the standardized mean difference (SMD). Eight reports for schizophrenia, four for BD, and five for DDs were included in the meta-analysis. However, there were only enough data to analyze the total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in schizophrenia and cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs. It has been shown that the levels of total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in patients with schizophrenia are significantly higher than in healthy donors (SMD values of 0.61 and 0.6, respectively; p < 0.00001). Conversely, the levels of cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs do not differ compared with healthy individuals. Nevertheless, further research is needed in the case of BD and DDs due to the small sample sizes in the BD studies and the significant data heterogeneity in the DD studies. Additionally, further studies are needed on cf-mtDNA in schizophrenia or cf-gDNA and total cfDNA in BD and DDs due to insufficient data. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides the first evidence of increases in total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in schizophrenia but shows no changes in cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs. Increased circulating cfDNA in schizophrenia may be associated with chronic systemic inflammation, as cfDNA has been found to trigger inflammatory responses.
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Prasuhn J, Kunert L, Brüggemann N. Neuroimaging Methods to Map In Vivo Changes of OXPHOS and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137263. [PMID: 35806267 PMCID: PMC9266616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathophysiological hallmark of most neurodegenerative diseases. Several clinical trials targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have been performed with conflicting results. Reliable biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo are thus needed to optimize future clinical trial designs. This narrative review highlights various neuroimaging methods to probe mitochondrial dysfunction. We provide a general overview of the current biological understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in degenerative brain disorders and how distinct neuroimaging methods can be employed to map disease-related changes. The reviewed methodological spectrum includes positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and near-infrared spectroscopy imaging, and how these methods can be applied to study alterations in oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress. We highlight the advantages and shortcomings of the different neuroimaging methods and discuss the necessary steps to use these for future research. This review stresses the importance of neuroimaging methods to gain deepened insights into mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo, its role as a critical disease mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases, the applicability for patient stratification in interventional trials, and the quantification of individual treatment responses. The in vivo assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial prerequisite for providing individualized treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (J.P.); (L.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liesa Kunert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (J.P.); (L.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (J.P.); (L.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-500-43420; Fax: +49-451-500-43424
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