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Luo Q, Luo L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Luo H. Biological Potential and Mechanisms of Tea's Bioactive Compounds in Tea: An Updated Review. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00378-8. [PMID: 38056775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea (Camellia sinensis) has a rich history and is widely consumed across many countries, and is categorized into green tea, white tea, oolong tea, yellow tea, black tea, and dark tea based on the level of fermentation. Based on a review of previous literature, the commonly recognized bioactive substances in tea include tea polyphenols, amino acids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, macro minerals, trace elements, and vitamins, which have been known to have various potential health benefits, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anti-obesity properties, cardiovascular protection, immune regulation, and control of the intestinal microbiota. Most studies have only pointed out the characteristics of tea's bioactivities, so a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of tea's bioactivities and their use risks are vital. AIM of Review The aim of this paper is to summarize the bioactive substances of tea and their pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms, providing a scientific basis for the application of bioactive substances in tea and outlining future research directions for the study of bioactive substances in tea. Key Scientific Concepts of Review This review summarizes the main biologically active substances, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms and discusses the potential risks. It may help researchers to grasp more comprehensive progress in the study of tea bioactive substances to further promote the application of tea as a natural bioactive substance in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxian Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Longbiao Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China.
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James A, Wang K, Wang Y. Therapeutic Activity of Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Metabolic Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases: The Current Updates. Nutrients 2023; 15:3022. [PMID: 37447347 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols have numerous functions including antioxidation and modulation of various cellular proteins and are thus beneficial against metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, and their comorbidities. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea and is attributed to antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, and the likelihood of targeting multiple metabolic pathways. It has been shown to exhibit anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-arteriosclerotic, and weight-reducing effects in humans. Worldwide, the incidences of metabolic diseases have been escalating across all age groups in modern society. Therefore, EGCG is being increasingly investigated to address the problems. This review presents the current updates on the effects of EGCG on metabolic diseases, and highlights evidence related to its safety. Collectively, this review brings more evidence for therapeutic application and further studies on EGCG and its derivatives to alleviate metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armachius James
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Makutupora Center, Dodoma P.O. Box 1676, Tanzania
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Gao J, Akbari A, Wang T. Green tea could improve elderly hypertension by modulating arterial stiffness, the activity of the renin/angiotensin/aldosterone axis, and the sodium-potassium pumps in old male rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14398. [PMID: 36181277 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health problem common in the elderly people. Green tea is a popular beverage recommended in folk medicine for lowering blood pressure. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the antihypertensive effects of green tea are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effects of green tea on high-salt diet-induced hypertension in old male rats. Forty old male rats were divided into five groups: control, hypertensive, and hypertensive-green tea (2, 4, and 6 g/kg). Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured. Cardiac and renal histology were also performed. Lipid profile, NO, angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone were determined, and the expression of eNOS, ATIR and ATIIR, aldosterone receptor, and Atp1a1 were measured. Green tea could significantly decrease HR and SBP, lipid profiles, renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system activity, and Ang II signaling in kidney tissue of hypertensive rats (p < .01). It also increased Atp1a1, Nrf2, and eNOS expression along with antioxidant enzymes activity and NO concentration (p < .05) and decreased NF-ĸB and iNOS expression and IL-1β levels in the heart, kidneys, and aorta of rats with hypertension. It can be concluded that green tea can improve salt-induced blood pressure by modulating the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, enhancing the synthesis of nitric oxide in the endothelium, increasing antioxidant activity and suppressing inflammation in the heart and kidney, improving the expression of the sodium-potassium pump, and reduction in serum lipids and glucose in aged male rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study showed that green tea could improve hypertension in elderly rats by modulating (1) the expression of the sodium-potassium pump in the heart, kidney, and aortic tissues, (2) the activity of the renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system in kidney, (3) enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the heart, aorta, and kidneys, (4) enhancing the synthesis of nitric oxide in the endothelium, and (5) lowering lipid profile. The results of these studies show that the consumption of green tea and its products can be a good candidate for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension in the elderly. In addition, attention to its bioactive compounds can be considered by researchers as an independent therapeutic strategy or adjunctive therapy for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M, Bąkowski M, Krusiński R, Jachimowicz-Rogowska K, Demkowska-Kutrzepa M, Kiczorowska B, Krupa W. Tannic Acid and Tea Prevents the Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Lungs, Heart and Brain of Adolescent Male Wistar Rats—Possible Therapeutic Option. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202838. [PMID: 36290224 PMCID: PMC9597774 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of tannic acid and tea solutions on the lungs, hearts and brains of adolescent Wistar rats exposed to Pb and Cd was studied. Metals were administered with feed (7 mg Cd and 50 mg Pb/kg). Two experiments were carried. Experiment 1 aimed to determine the level of tannic acid (TA), most effectively reducing the adverse impact of Pb and Cd on the organs of adolescent rats (aged 5 weeks, weighing 169.3 ± 14.7 g) during combined exposure. TA was administered with drink (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 or 2.5% solutions). In Experiment 2, adolescent rats (aged 6 weeks, weighing 210.6 ± 12.1 g) received an aqueous solutions of black, green, red or white teas. TA and teas had a positive effect on reducing the accumulation of Cd in the organs. The results obtained suggest that long-term continuing administration of TA increases its effectiveness as a chelator for Pb. A 2% TA and white tea solution proved to be the most effective. In the analyzed tissues, increased activity of SOD and CAT was recorded as a result of the use of the TA and teas; thus, they can efficiently prevent the prooxidant effect of toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Bąkowski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Krusiński
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jachimowicz-Rogowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Demkowska-Kutrzepa
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Kiczorowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wanda Krupa
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Obesogenic, and Antidiabetic Properties of Tea Polyphenols-The Positive Impact of Regular Tea Consumption as an Element of Prophylaxis and Pharmacotherapy Support in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126703. [PMID: 35743146 PMCID: PMC9224362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is second only to cervical carcinoma among the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumours of the female reproductive system. The available literature provides evidence for the involvement of 32 genes in the hereditary incidence of EC. The physiological markers of EC and coexisting diet-dependent maladies include antioxidative system disorders but also progressing inflammation; hence, the main forms of prophylaxis and pharmacotherapy ought to include a diet rich in substances aiding the organism’s response to this type of disorder, with a particular focus on ones suitable for lifelong consumption. Tea polyphenols satisfy those requirements due to their proven antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesogenic, and antidiabetic properties. Practitioners ought to consider promoting tea consumption among individuals genetically predisposed for EC, particularly given its low cost, accessibility, confirmed health benefits, and above all, suitability for long-term consumption regardless of the patient’s age. The aim of this paper is to analyse the potential usability of tea as an element of prophylaxis and pharmacotherapy support in EC patients. The analysis is based on information available from worldwide literature published in the last 15 years.
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Ye X, Tang X, Li F, Zhu J, Wu M, Wei X, Wang Y. Green and Oolong Tea Extracts With Different Phytochemical Compositions Prevent Hypertension and Modulate the Intestinal Flora in a High-Salt Diet Fed Wistar Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:892801. [PMID: 35600813 PMCID: PMC9121855 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.892801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea (GT) and oolong tea (OLT) are widely consumed beverages, and their preventive and regulatory effects on hypertension have been reported. However, the interventional effects of GT and OLT on hypertension induced by a high-salt diet and its mechanism have not been fully explored. This study evaluated the anti-hypertensive effects of GT and OLT and their underlying mechanisms. The in vivo anti-hypertensive effects of GT and OLT and their capability to prevent hypertension and regulate the intestinal microbiota in Wistar rats fed with a high-salt diet were evaluated. Our results show that GT and OLT supplementations could regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, gene expression, and parameter levels related to blood pressure (BP) and prevent the increase in BP induced by a high-salt diet. Furthermore, both GT and OLT boosted the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria and conditionally pathogenic bacteria, and regulated the intestinal microbial metabolism pathway related to BP. Among them, OLT presented better effects than GT. These findings indicate that GT and OLT can prevent hypertension caused by high-salt diets, which may be due to the regulation of intestinal flora by GT and OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglan Li
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangxiong Zhu
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlin Wei,
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Yuanfeng Wang,
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Mohajeri M, Mohajery R, Nemati A, Pourfarzi F. The difference in the dietary inflammatory index, functional food, and antioxidants intake between COVID -19 patients and healthy persons. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-211521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The healthy diet is important to maintain immunity against infection. This study aimed to assess and compare the consumption of functional foods, some antioxidants, and dietary inflammatory index between Iranian COVID-19 patients and healthy persons. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted between 1000 (500 cases and 500 controls) adults aged 18–65years in Iran, that were sampling based on the snowball method and their information was collected electronically. The dietary intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p = 0.044) in vitamin D consumption between healthy people and COVID-19 patients. Vitamin E intake in healthy participants was significantly (p = 0.041) more than COVID-19 patients. There was a significant difference in Zinc (p = 0.011), selenium (p = 0.021), and vitamin C (p = 0.023) between healthy persons and COVID-19 patients. Healthy participants’ consumption of onion (56.5±7.82 g/day), garlic (4.32±0.01 g/day) and oat (6.32±0.71 g/day) was significantly (p≤0.05) more than COVID-19 patients. With the increase of each unit in the score of the dietary inflammatory index, the risk of COVID-19 incidence increased 1.63 times (OR = 1.63 95% CI: 1.54–1.72). There was an inverse association between the consumption of antioxidants and functional foods with the risk of COVID-19 incidence in the study population (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: Healthy people consumption of antioxidants and functional foods was more than COVID-19 patients and there was a significant inverse association between the risk of COVID- 19 incidence with the consumption of functional foods and antioxidants. Increasing the dietary inflammatory index score increased the risk of COVID- 19 incidence. There is a need for further clinical trials to confirm the effect of consuming functional foods and antioxidants on the prevention or treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mohajeri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Mohajery
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Ardabil, Iran
- Energy Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Nemati
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Tomaszewska E, Jachimowicz K. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Tea-The Positive Impact of Tea Consumption on Patients with Autoimmune Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113972. [PMID: 34836227 PMCID: PMC8625657 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological markers of autoimmune diabetes include functional disorders of the antioxidative system as well as progressing inflammation and the presence of autoantibodies. Even though people with type 1 diabetes show genetic predispositions facilitating the onset of the disease, it is believed that dietary factors can stimulate the initiation and progression of the disease. This paper analyses the possibility of using tea as an element of diet therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Based on information available in literature covering the last 10 years, the impact of regular tea consumption or diet supplements containing tea polyphenols on the oxidative status as well as inflammatory and autoimmune response of the organism was analyzed. Studies conducted on laboratory animals, human patients, and in vitro revealed positive effects of the consumption of tea or polyphenols isolated therefrom on the diabetic body. Few reports available in the literature pertain to the impact of tea on organisms affected by type 1 diabetes as most (over 85%) have focused on cases of type 2 diabetes. It has been concluded that by introducing tea into the diet, it is possible to alleviate some of the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation, thus limiting their destructive impact on the patients' organisms, consequently improving their quality of life, regardless of the type of diabetes. Furthermore, elimination of inflammation should reduce the incidence of immune response. One should consider more widespread promotion of tea consumption by individuals genetically predisposed to diabetes, especially considering the drink's low price, easy availability, overall benefits to human health, and above all, the fact that it can be safely used over extended periods of time, regardless of the patient's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.-M.); (E.T.); Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44 (A.W.-M.); +48-81-445-69-63 (E.T.)
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.-M.); (E.T.); Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44 (A.W.-M.); +48-81-445-69-63 (E.T.)
| | - Karolina Jachimowicz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Alassaf FA, Jasim MHM, Alfahad M, Qazzaz ME, Abed MN, Thanoon IAJ. Effects of Bee Propolis on FBG, HbA1c, and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Volunteers. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:405-409. [PMID: 34496480 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.50024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Bee propolis is a natural substance that is used in traditional medicine due to its versatile pharmacological actions. This study evaluates whether short term use of bee propolis supplementation could have an impact on glycemic control in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods A single daily dose of 1000 mg of bee propolis was administered orally to a total of 34 healthy individuals for 60 days. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance were measured in all participants before and after the use of bee propolis. Results The results of this study showed that bee propolis was associated with a significant increase in body weight and BMI of healthy volunteers. Bee propolis supplementation decreased FBG and HbA1c, but did not affect insulin resistance. Conclusion Based on these results, bee propolis supplementation has a potential effect on glycemic control in healthy individuals and this should be considered when using this supplement in medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz A Alassaf
- Mosul University College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mahmood H M Jasim
- Mosul University College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohanad Alfahad
- Mosul University College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohannad E Qazzaz
- Mosul University College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammed N Abed
- Mosul University College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Imad A-J Thanoon
- Mosul University College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Mosul, Iraq
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Esmaeelpanah E, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Green tea and metabolic syndrome: A 10-year research update review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1159-1172. [PMID: 35083002 PMCID: PMC8751745 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.52980.11943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has turned into a prevalent condition that has imposed a tremendous financial strain on public health care systems. It is believed that the MetS consists of four main factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity) and may lead to cardiovascular events. Camellia sinesis, in the form of green tea (GT), is one of the most consuming beverages worldwide. Catechins are the dominant component of green tea leaves. Epigallocatechin gallate has the maximum potency. GT has been widely used as a supplement in various health conditions. As the oxidative stress pathway is one of the probable mechanisms of MetS etiologies and GT beneficial effects, GT may be a novel strategy to overcome the MetS. This review aims to reveal the probable pharmacological effects of GT on MetS. The last 10-year original articles on MetS parameters and GT have been gathered in this review. This manuscript has summarized the probable effects of green tea and its catechins on MetS and focused on each different aspect of MetS separately, which can be used as a basis for further investigations for introducing effective compounds as a way to interfere with MetS. It seems that GT can reduce MetS parameters commonly via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the use of GT and its constituents for the treatment of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Esmaeelpanah
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tong W, Yu J, Wu Q, Hu L, Tabys D, Wang Y, Wei C, Ling T, Ali Inayat M, Bennetzen JL. Black Tea Quality is Highly Affected during Processing by its Leaf Surface Microbiome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7115-7126. [PMID: 34152762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbiomes can greatly affect the quality of fermented food and beverages, including tea. In this study, microbial populations were characterized during black and green tea manufacturing, revealing that tea processing steps can drive both the bacterial and fungal community structure. Tea leaves were found to mostly harbor Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria among bacteria and Ascomycetes among fungi. During processing, tea microbial populations changed especially between sterilized and unsterilized samples. The surface sterilization of fresh leaves before processing can remove many microbes, especially the bacteria of the genera Sphingomonas and Methylobacteria, indicating that these are mostly phylloplane microbes on tea leaves. The surface sterilization removed most fungi, except the Debaryomyces. We also observed a fluctuation in the content of several tea quality-related metabolites during processing. Caffeine and theanine were found in the same quantities in green tea with or without leaf surface sterilization. However, the sterilization process dramatically decreased the content of total catechins and theanine in black tea, indicating that microbes on the surface of tea leaf may be involved in maintaining the formation of these important metabolites during black tea processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lizhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dina Tabys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tiejun Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mallano Ali Inayat
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jeffrey L Bennetzen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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12
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Taati B, Arazi H, Kheirkhah J. Interaction effect of green tea consumption and resistance training on office and ambulatory cardiovascular parameters in women with high-normal/stage 1 hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:978-986. [PMID: 33491287 PMCID: PMC8678800 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of green tea (GT) extract and resistance training (RT) on ambulatory and office blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product (RPP) in a sample of Iranian women with high-normal/stage 1 hypertension. Forty-four middle-aged sedentary women participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. They were randomly assigned to one of four groups: GT and RT (GR, n = 11), RT (n = 10), GT (n = 10), or control (n = 13). Three weeks of GT consumption were followed by six weeks of the interaction with RT. GR and RT groups performed two circuits of RT at %50 of 1RM two days per week. RT and control groups also received placebo (maltodextrin) with the same timing. The changes of each variable from baseline to post-intervention were compared between the groups using the ANOVA test, and effect size (ES) statistic was also calculated. In comparison with the control group, significant reductions were found for office systolic BP (SBP, 8%, ES = 1.22), and 24 h-SBP (5%, ES = 1.2) in the RT group. However, GR group showed significant decreases in office SBP (10.5%, ES = 1.45), mean BP (8%, ES = 1.11), RPP (13%, ES = 1.47), 24 h-SBP (5%, ES = 1.21), and 24 h-RPP (10%, ES = 1.15). The interaction of regular RT and GT consumption seems to induce more beneficial effects on some important parameters including MBP and RPP when compared to RT or GT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Taati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jalal Kheirkhah
- Department of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Tian S, Zhang YJ, Ma QH, Xu Y, Sun HP, Pan CW. Associations between habitual tea consumption and 5-year longitudinal changes of systolic blood pressure in older Chinese. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 91:104245. [PMID: 32889362 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tea consumption may contribute to the management of blood pressure; however, evidence from longitudinal studies is lacking. This study aimed to examine the relationship between habitual tea consumption and trajectories of systolic blood pressure in a community-based sample of Chinese adults aged 60 years or older. METHODS A prospective cohort of 3870 participants was investigated from 2014 to 2018. Trajectories of systolic blood pressure were identified using latent mixture modeling with the Proc Traj procedure. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to explore associations between tea consumption habits and trajectories of systolic blood pressure. RESULTS In the overall sample, participants were less likely to be habitual tea drinkers if they were in the "moderate-stable" (144.4-149.9 mm Hg), "moderate-increasing" (157.2-180.0 mm Hg), and "elevated-increasing" (184.7-209.8 mm Hg) groups as compared to those in the "low-stable" group (125.3-130.0 mm Hg). The "elevated-decreasing" group (170.7 - 167.2 mmHg) consistently showed no significant difference in the likelihood of habitual tea drinking as compared to the "low-stable" group. CONCLUSIONS This community-based prospective study indicated that habitual tea consumption was associated with relatively favorable long-term systolic blood pressure statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tian
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - You-Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing-Hua Ma
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou 215134, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Peng Sun
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Tang GY, Meng X, Gan RY, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Feng YB, Li S, Wei XL, Atanasov AG, Corke H, Li HB. Health Functions and Related Molecular Mechanisms of Tea Components: An Update Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6196. [PMID: 31817990 PMCID: PMC6941079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is widely consumed all over the world. Generally, tea is divided into six categories: White, green, yellow, oolong, black, and dark teas, based on the fermentation degree. Tea contains abundant phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, free amino acids, and saponins. However, the bioavailability of tea phytochemicals is relatively low. Thus, some novel technologies like nanotechnology have been developed to improve the bioavailability of tea bioactive components and consequently enhance the bioactivity. So far, many studies have demonstrated that tea shows various health functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-regulatory, anticancer, cardiovascular-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and hepato-protective effects. Moreover, it is also considered that drinking tea is safe to humans, since reports about the severe adverse effects of tea consumption are rare. In order to provide a better understanding of tea and its health potential, this review summarizes and discusses recent literature on the bioactive components, bioavailability, health functions, and safety issues of tea, with special attention paid to the related molecular mechanisms of tea health functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin-Lin Wei
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
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Al-Salmi FA, Hamza RZ, El-Shenawy NS. The Interaction of Zinc Oxide/Green Tea Extract Complex Nanoparticles and its Effect on Monosodium Glutamate Toxicity in Liver of Rats. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:465-475. [PMID: 30961481 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190408120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly utilized in both industrial and medical applications. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of green nanoparticle complex (green tea extract/zinc oxide nanoparticles complex, GTE/ZnO NPs) on oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of rats. METHODS Wistar male rats (n=64) weighing between 200-250 g were divided randomly into eight groups: control group was given physiological saline (1 mg/kg), two groups were treated with two different doses of MSG (MSG-LD, MSG-HD; 6 and 17.5 mg/Kg, respectively), GTE was given 1 mg/mL, 5th group was treated with ZnO NPs and 6th group was treated with GTE/ZnO NPs complex while, 7th and 8th groups were treated with MSG-LD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex and MSG-HD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex, respectively. All substances were given orally for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the study, the liver was homogenized for measurement of the oxidative stress status and anti-inflammatory biomarkers as well as histological and transmission alternations. RESULTS Results showed that the antioxidant enzymes activity and glutathione level were significantly decreased in MSG groups than control in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, the malondialdehyde and inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly increased in MSG groups than the control group. The liver indicated no evidence of alteration in oxidative status, anti-inflammatory and morphological parameters in GTE, ZnO NPs and GTE/ZnO NPs complex groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, MSG at both doses caused oxidative stress and inflammation on liver after 28 days of exposure that supported histological analysis and transmission view of hepatic parenchyma. GTE/ZnO NPs act as partial hepato-protective against MSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawziah A Al-Salmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Z Hamza
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla S El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Fang J, Sureda A, Silva AS, Khan F, Xu S, Nabavi SM. Trends of tea in cardiovascular health and disease: A critical review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Afsharpour F, Javadi M, Hashemipour S, Koushan Y, Haghighian HK. Propolis supplementation improves glycemic and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 43:283-288. [PMID: 30935545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has risen dramatically in recent years. There are many different safe therapies used for diabetes and also number of natural supplements that can be used to manage diabetes. We assessed the effect of oral propolis supplementation on blood glucose, insulin resistance and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial for 8-week. Sixty two patients with type 2 diabetes (30-55 years of age) were randomly assigned in two group, propolis (n = 31) and placebo (n = 31). Patients were given doses of 500 mg, three times a day (1500 mg), of propolis or placebo three time a day. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), two-hour postprandial glucose (2-hp), insulin, insulin resistance (IR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. RESULTS After two month, FBS, 2-hp, insulin, IR, HbA1c was significantly decreased in patients treated with propolis compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally intake of propolis significantly increased the blood levels of TAC and activity of GPx and SOD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Propolis treatment can be helpful as a diet supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes through improvement in glycemic status, reduction in insulin resistance and amelioration in antioxidant status. This supplement without side effects can increase the effectiveness of prescribing drugs in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Afsharpour
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran; Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran; Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sima Hashemipour
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yaghob Koushan
- Medical Plant Research Center of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Researcher in Traditional Medicine, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran; Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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18
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Al‐Shafei AIM, El‐Gendy OAA. Regular consumption of green tea improves pulse pressure and induces regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14030. [PMID: 30912296 PMCID: PMC6434072 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the effects of regular green tea (GT) and hot water (HW) ingestion on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in two equal, sex- and age-matched groups; Grp1 and Grp2 (n = 100 each; age 53 ± 4 years) of hypertensive patients. Grp1 had regular GT treatment, followed by HW ingestion, whereas Grp2 had HW ingestion followed by GT treatment for periods of 4 months each. Electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic assessments of LVH were made before and at the end of both periods. SBP was lowered significantly by 6.6%; DBP by 5.1%, and PP by 9.1% by the end of month 4 of GT treatment in Grp1. Upon GT cessation and HW ingestion, SBP, DBP, and PP returned to pretreatment levels over 4 months. In Grp2, SBP, DBP, and PP were reduced insignificantly by 1.5%, 1.0%, and 2.3% by the end of the 4th month of HW ingestion. Conversely, over 4 months of GT treatment, SBP, DBP, and PP were significantly lowered by 5.4%, 4.1%, and 7.7% from the baseline values, respectively. ECG and echocardiographic evidence of LVH was shown in 20% of Grp1 and 24% of Grp2 patients before intervention. This was significantly lowered to 8% and 10% in Grp1 and Grp2 by GT treatment. However, this increased to 16% following HW ingestion in Grp1. HW ingestion did mot induce regression of LVH in Grp2. Thus, regular GT ingestion has cardiovascular protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad I. M. Al‐Shafei
- Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Bahrain UniversitySouthern GovernorateBahrain
- Qassim UniversityQassimSaudi Arabia
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Aburawi EH, Al Hamad S, Yasin J, Almekhaini LA, Souid AK. Dyslipidemia, subclinical inflammation, hepatic cholestasis and endothelial dysfunction in schoolchildren with excess fat: A study from the United Arab Emirates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210316. [PMID: 30625218 PMCID: PMC6326508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of obesity on cardiovascular health of young children is still to be fully illustrated. This study measured biomarkers for glycemic control, lipid metabolism, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hepatic cholestasis in schoolchildren. Its main purpose was to determine whether metabolic derangements could be detected in young children with excess fat. Method This cross-sectional study involved 967 children in the second, sixth, and tenth grades (median age, 7.3, 11.3, and 15.4 years, respectively). Using the International Obesity Task Force interpretation (IOTF) of body-mass-index (BMI), children were stratified as thin (<5th centiles), normal (5th to <85th centiles), overweight (85th to <95th centiles), obese (95th to <98th centiles), or extremely-obese (≥98th centiles). Waist circumference was also measured. Several metabolic determinations were then used as surrogate biomarkers for cardiovascular risks. Results Prevalence of BMI≥85th centile among the second graders was 13.1%, sixth graders 42.2%, and tenth graders 33.8%. BMI≥85th centile was associated with a tendency for higher hemoglobin A1c (p≥0.160) and higher blood glucose (p≥0.197). For the second graders, BMI≥85th centile was associated with higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, p<0.001), higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-alpha, p<0.001), higher interleukin-6 (IL-6, p<0.001), higher soluble intercellular cytoadhesive molecule-1 (sICAM-1), higher triglycerides (p≤0.024), and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL, p<0.001). Additionally, for the sixth and tenth graders, BMI≥85th centile was associated with higher gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT, p<0.001). In the sixth graders, BMI≥85th centile was insignificantly changed with sICAM-1 or the soluble vascular cytoadhesive molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). Conclusions The studied children with excess fat had increased risks for developing systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, cholestasis, and diabetes. These results suggest that metabolic biomarkers should be included in the routine assessment of children with an overweight problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhadi H. Aburawi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Alain, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail:
| | - Sania Al Hamad
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Alain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Alain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lolowa A. Almekhaini
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Alain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Alain, United Arab Emirates
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Tripathi P, Blaggana V, Upadhyay P, Jindal M, Gupta S, Nishat S. Antioxidant therapy (lycopene and green tea extract) in periodontal disease: A promising paradigm. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019; 23:25-30. [PMID: 30692739 PMCID: PMC6334550 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_277_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased oxidative stress has emerged as one of the prime factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Hence, antioxidant therapy may become a promising tool in the treatment of periodontal disease. Uric acid (UA) being a major antioxidant in saliva can be used as a marker to assess the total antioxidant capacity. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of orally administered antioxidants (lycopene and green tea extract) on periodontal health and salivary UA levels in gingivitis patients as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). Materials and Methods Thirty systemically healthy participants having generalized gingivitis were randomly distributed into two groups. Control group participants received full mouth oral prophylaxis, while test group participants received oral lycopene and green tea extract (CLIK®) for 45 days along with complete oral prophylaxis. Plaque index (PI), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), and salivary UA levels were evaluated at baseline and 45 days after SRP. Data were analyzed with t-test, using SPSS software (PASW, Windows version 18.0). Results Both treatment groups demonstrated statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) reduction in plaque and SBI. After treatment, a highly significant increase (P ≤ 0.001) in the test group and significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the control group was observed for salivary UA levels. Posttreatment comparison between test and control group delineated statistically significant results in PI (P ≤ 0.001), SBI (P ≤ 0.001), and salivary UA levels (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Lycopene with green tea extract may prove to be a promising adjunctive prophylactic and therapeutic modality in the treatment of gingivitis patients. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the additive effect of antioxidants with routine oral prophylaxis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tripathi
- Department of Periodontology, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Blaggana
- Department of Periodontology, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Upadhyay
- Department of Periodontology, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manika Jindal
- Department of Periodontology, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Inderprastha Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sadaf Nishat
- Department of Periodontology, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wu T, Xu J, Chen Y, Liu R, Zhang M. Oolong tea polysaccharide and polyphenols prevent obesity development in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1599. [PMID: 30622452 PMCID: PMC6303733 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have evaluated the effects of oolong tea extracts on obesity. However, only few studies focused on the anti-obesity effect of specific components of oolong tea. Objective This study investigated the specific anti-obesity capabilities of oolong tea polysaccharide (TPS) and tea polyphenols (TPP) in high-fat diet-induced Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods Oolong tea water extract, TPS, TPP, and polysaccharide mixed with polyphenol (TPSM) given at doses of 400 or 800 mg/kg were administered to rats fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks to explore the anti-obesity effects of the treatments. Results TPS and TPP were responsible for the suppressive effect on body fat accumulation. TPSM exhibited the highest effect on body weight reduction, and TPS and TPP effectively reduced serum leptin levels and significantly improved blood lipid and antioxidant levels. Moreover, microarray analysis of hepatic and adipose gene expression profiles revealed that TPP and TPS inhibited obesity through effects on the pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusions TPSM might be a potential therapy for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Tianjin, China
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Szulińska M, Łoniewski I, Skrypnik K, Sobieska M, Korybalska K, Suliburska J, Bogdański P. Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation Favorably Affects Vascular Function and Reduces Arterial Stiffness in Obese Postmenopausal Women-A 12-Week Placebo-Controlled and Randomized Clinical Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1672. [PMID: 30400570 PMCID: PMC6265939 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in the postmenopausal period is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in women. One of the key drivers of cardiovascular risk is endothelial dysfunction; thus, this is also a crucial point for studies on new therapeutic methods of cardioprotective properties. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two doses of multispecies probiotic Ecologic® Barrier supplement on functional (primary endpoint) and biochemical parameters (secondary endpoint) of endothelial dysfunction in obese postmenopausal women in a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 81 obese Caucasian women participated in the trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups that received a placebo, a low dose (LD) (2.5 × 10⁸ colony forming units (CFU) per day), or a high dose (HD) (1 × 1010 CFU per day) of lyophilisate powder containing live multispecies probiotic bacteria. The probiotic supplement was administered each day for 12 weeks in two equal portions. A high dose probiotic supplementation for 12 weeks decreased systolic blood pressure, vascular endothelial growth factor, pulse wave analysis systolic pressure, pulse wave analysis pulse pressure, pulse wave analysis augmentation index, pulse wave velocity, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and thrombomodulin. Low doses of probiotic supplementation decreased the systolic blood pressure and interleukin-6 levels. The mean changes in the estimated parameters, compared among the three groups, revealed significant differences in the vascular endothelial growth factor, the pulse wave analysis systolic pressure, the pulse wave analysis augmentation index, the pulse wave velocity, the tumor necrosis factor alpha, and thrombomodulin. The post hoc tests showed significant differences for all parameters between HD and the placebo group, and HD and LD (besides pulse wave analysis augmentation index). We show for the first time that supplementation with multispecies probiotic Ecologic® Barrier favorably modifies both functional and biochemical markers of vascular dysfunction in obese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szulińska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Szamarzewskiego Str. 84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Sobieska
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28. Czerwca 1956r 135/147, 61-55 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Korybalska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Szamarzewskiego Str. 84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland.
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Kim S, Lee MS, Jung S, Son HY, Park S, Kang B, Kim SY, Kim IH, Kim CT, Kim Y. Ginger Extract Ameliorates Obesity and Inflammation via Regulating MicroRNA-21/132 Expression and AMPK Activation in White Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1567. [PMID: 30360535 PMCID: PMC6266584 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginger is a plant whose rhizome is used as a spice or folk medicine. We aimed to investigate the effect of ginger root extract on obesity and inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed either a 45% high-fat diet (HF), HF + hot-water extract of ginger (WEG; 8 g/kg diet), or HF + high-hydrostatic pressure extract of ginger (HPG; 8 g/kg diet) for 10 weeks. The HPG group had lower body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass compared to the HF group. Serum and hepatic lipid levels of HPG group were lower, while fecal lipid excretion of the HPG group was higher than that of the HF group. In the WAT of the WEG and HPG groups, mRNA levels of adipogenic genes were lower than those of the HF group. Moreover, HPG group had lower mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than did the HF group. MicroRNA (miR)-21 expression was down-regulated by both WEG and HPG. Additionally, miR-132 expression was down-regulated by HPG. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity of HPG group was greater than that of the HF group. HPG may have beneficial effects on obesity and inflammation, partially mediated by regulation of miR-21/132 expression and AMPK activation in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghae Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Mak-Soon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Sunyoon Jung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Hye-Yeon Son
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Seonyoung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Bori Kang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Seog-Young Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Chong-Tai Kim
- Research Group of Bioprocess Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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24
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Liu C, Yang CX, Chen XR, Liu BX, Li Y, Wang XZ, Sun W, Li P, Kong XQ. Alamandine attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1071-1081. [PMID: 29752563 PMCID: PMC6060955 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of the peptide alamandine has antihypertensive and anti-fibrotic effects in rats. This work aimed to determine whether subcutaneous alamandine injection would attenuate hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, and improve the function of a major target of hypertension-related damage, the left ventricle (LV), in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). This was examined in vivo in SHRs and normotensive rats subjected to 6-week subcutaneous infusion of alamandine or saline control, and in vitro in H9C2-derived and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with angiotensin (Ang) II to model cardiac hypertrophy. Tail artery blood pressure measurement and transthoracic echocardiography showed that hypertension and impaired LV function in SHRs were ameliorated upon alamandine infusion. Alamandine administration also decreased the mass gains of heart and lung in SHRs, suppressed cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area expansion, and inhibited the mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. The expression of alamandine receptor Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor, member D was increased in SHR hearts and in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. Alamandine inhibited the increases of protein kinase A (PKA) levels in the heart in SHRs and in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. In conclusion, the present study showed that alamandine administration attenuates hypertension, alleviates cardiac hypertrophy, and improves LV function. PKA signaling may be involved in the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xi-Ru Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bo-Xun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiang-Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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25
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Huang S, Li J, Wu Y, Ranjbar S, Xing A, Zhao H, Wang Y, Shearer GC, Bao L, Lichtenstein AH, Wu S, Gao X. Tea Consumption and Longitudinal Change in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration in Chinese Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.008814. [PMID: 29941658 PMCID: PMC6064891 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The relation between tea consumption and age‐related changes in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations remains unclear, and longitudinal human data are limited. The aim of current study was to examine the relation between tea intake and longitudinal change in HDL‐C concentrations. Methods and Results Baseline (2006) tea consumption was assessed via a questionnaire, and plasma HDL‐C concentrations were measured in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 among 80 182 individuals (49±12 years of age) who did not have cardiovascular diseases or cancer, or did not use cholesterol‐lowering agents both at baseline (2006) and during the follow‐up period (2006–2012). The associations between baseline tea consumption and rate of change in HDL‐C concentrations were examined using generalized estimating equation models. Tea consumption was inversely associated with a decreased rate of HDL‐C concentrations (P‐trend <0.0001) in the fully adjusted model. The adjusted mean difference in the HDL‐C decreased rate was 0.010 (95% confidence interval, 0.008, 0.012) mmol/L per year for tea consumers versus nonconsumers (never or less than once/month group). Interactions between tea consumption and age, sex, lifestyle scores, and metabolic syndrome (all P‐interaction <0.0001) were identified. The associations between greater tea consumption and slower decrease in HDL‐C concentrations were more pronounced in men, individuals aged 60 or older, individuals with a lower lifestyle score, and individuals with metabolic syndrome (all P‐trend <0.0001). Conclusions Tea consumption was associated with slower age‐related decreases in HDL‐C concentrations during 6 years of follow‐up. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.chictr.org. Unique identifier: ChiCTR‐TNRC‐11001489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Junjuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Sareh Ranjbar
- Department of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Aijun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Le Bao
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
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26
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Correlation between PAI-1, leptin and ferritin with HOMA in HIV/AIDS patients. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:115-119. [PMID: 29940157 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about correlation of interleukins (IL-1 α, IL-1 β, IFN γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in HIV/AIDS patients are still limited. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible correlations of serum levels of PAI-1, leptin and ferritin with HOMA in HIV/AIDS patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 64 HIV/AIDS patients, all Caucasians, receiving cART at the HIV/AIDS Centre, Belgrade, Serbia. PAI-1, leptin, ferritin and insulin levels were measured using the Metabolic Syndrome Array I (Randox Laboratories Ltd., London, UK), while adiponectin and resistin levels were measured using Metabolic Syndrome Array II (Randox Laboratories Ltd., London, UK), interleukins (IL-1 α, IL-1 β, IFN γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), MCP-1, TNF-α as well as VEGF was measured using Cytokine Array I (Randox Laboratories Ltd., London, UK). Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA). Multicollinearity of independent variables in multivariate model was analyzed using Variance Inflation Factor. RESULTS Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between HOMA and waist circumference, body mass index, patients' age, number of cART combinations and triglycerides (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.050, p = 0.044, p = 0.002, respectively). HOMA negatively correlated with levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) (Rho = -0.282; p = 0.025). PAI-1 (Rho = 0.334; p= 0.007) and leptin (Rho = 0.492; p = 0.001) together with ferritin (Rho = 0.396, p = 0.001) positively and significantly correlated with HOMA. Levels of IL-1 α, IL-1 β, IFN γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, adiponectin, MCP-1, resistin, TNF-α, CRP and VEGF did not significantly correlate with HOMA. Further, multiple logistic regression showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between PAI, leptin and ferritin with HOMA levels (p = 0.042; p < 0.001, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS We showed significant correlation between PAI-1, leptin and ferritin, independently of each other with HOMA, in HIV/AIDS patients on cART.
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27
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Barroso H, Ramalhete R, Domingues A, Maci S. Inhibitory activity of a green and black tea blend on Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1481322. [PMID: 29887975 PMCID: PMC5990952 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1481322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the years, tea consumption has been associated with good health, and some publications are related to oral health. The bioactive components of green tea are thought to be able to influence the process of caries formation through inhibition of proliferation of the streptococcal agent, interference with the process of bacterial adhesion to tooth enamel, and inhibition of glucosyl transferase and amylase; however, little is known about black tea and oral health. The aim of the present in-vitro study was to determine the inhibitory activity of a novel, patent-pending and proprietary blend of green and black tea aqueous extracts on Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium widely associated with plaque development and tooth decay. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 12.5 mg/mL was established against S. mutans, meaning that at concentrations of 12.5 mg/mL and higher, the proprietary tea blend is effective against the growth of S. mutans. This MIC concentration is lower than the ones reported in the literature for alcoholic black tea and green tea extracts tested separately. As a promising natural ingredient for oral health, this finding is a good indicator for the use of this proprietary blend of black and green tea water extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Barroso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada Egas Moniz (LMAEM), Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, ISCSEM, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Ramalhete
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada Egas Moniz (LMAEM), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Domingues
- Kemin Health, a division of Kemin Foods L.C. Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Samanta Maci
- Kemin Health, a division of Kemin Foods L.C. Lisbon, Portugal
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28
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Huang H, Liao D, Pu R, Cui Y. Quantifying the effects of spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid and glucose concentrations, body weight, and blood pressure. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:729-742. [PMID: 30532573 PMCID: PMC6241722 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s185672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spirulina is generally used as a nutraceutical food supplement due to its nutrient profile, lack of toxicity, and therapeutic effects. Clinical trials have investigated the influence of spirulina on metabolic-related risk factors but have yielded conflicting results in humans. Here, we summarize the evidence of the effects of spirulina on serum lipid profile, glucose management, BP, and body weight by conducting a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant studies were retrieved by systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus databases, and reference lists of relevant original studies from inception to July 2018. Data were extracted following a standardized protocol. Two investigators independently extracted study characteristics, outcomes measures, and appraised methodological quality. Effect sizes were performed using a random-effects model, with weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs between the means for the spirulina intervention and control arms. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the possible influences of study characteristics. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. RESULTS A total of 1,868 records were identified of which 12 trials with 14 arms were eligible. The amount of spirulina ranged from 1 to 19 g/d, and intervention durations ranged from 2 to 48 weeks. Overall, data synthesis showed that spirulina supplements significantly lowered total cholesterol (WMD = -36.60 mg/dL; 95% CI: -51.87 to -21.33; P=0.0001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -33.16 mg/dL; 95% CI: -50.52 to -15.75; P=0.0002), triglycerides (WMD = -39.20 mg/dL; 95% CI: -52.71 to -25.69; P=0.0001), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -8.02 mg/dL; 95% CI: -8.77 to -7.26; P=0.0001), fasting blood glucose (WMD = -5.01 mg/dL; 95% CI: -9.78 to -0.24; P=0.04), and DBP (WMD = -7.17 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.57 to -5.78; P=0.001). These findings remained stable in the sensitivity analysis, and no obvious publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION Our findings provide substantial evidence that spirulina supplementation has favorable effect on select cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers in humans, including lipid, glucose, and DBP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China,
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Pu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yejia Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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29
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Cialdella-Kam L, Ghosh S, Meaney MP, Knab AM, Shanely RA, Nieman DC. Quercetin and Green Tea Extract Supplementation Downregulates Genes Related to Tissue Inflammatory Responses to a 12-Week High Fat-Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070773. [PMID: 28753942 PMCID: PMC5537887 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Q) and green tea extract (E) are reported to counter insulin resistance and inflammation and favorably alter fat metabolism. We investigated whether a mixture of E + Q (EQ) could synergistically influence metabolic and inflammation endpoints in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed to mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were put on HFD (fat = 60%kcal) for 12 weeks and randomly assigned to Q (25 mg/kg of body weight (BW)/day), E (3 mg of epigallocatechin gallate/kg BW/day), EQ, or control groups for four weeks. At 16 weeks, insulin sensitivity was measured via the glucose tolerance test (GTT), followed by area-under-the-curve (AUC) estimations. Plasma cytokines and quercetin were also measured, along with whole genome transcriptome analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle tissues. Univariate analyses were conducted via analysis of variance (ANOVA), and whole-genome expression profiles were examined via gene set enrichment. At 16 weeks, plasma quercetin levels were higher in Q and EQ groups vs. the control and E groups (p < 0.05). Plasma cytokines were similar among groups (p > 0.05). AUC estimations for GTT was 14% lower for Q vs. E (p = 0.0311), but non-significant from control (p = 0.0809). Genes for cholesterol metabolism and immune and inflammatory response were downregulated in Q and EQ groups vs. control in adipose tissue and soleus muscle tissue. These data support an anti-inflammatory role for Q and EQ, a result best captured when measured with tissue gene downregulation in comparison to changes in plasma cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Cialdella-Kam
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine-WG 48, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases and Center for Computational Biology, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Mary Pat Meaney
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, 601 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA.
| | - Amy M Knab
- Levine Center for Health and Wellness, Queens University of Charlotte, 1900 Selwyn Avenue, Charlotte, NC 28274, USA.
| | - R Andrew Shanely
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, ASU Box 32071, 111 Rivers Street, 050 Convocation Center, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | - David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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