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Gao Z, Chee CS, Omar Dev RD, Gao J. Comprehensive analysis of college students' autonomous fitness behavior-a narrative review. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1406810. [PMID: 38835705 PMCID: PMC11148380 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1406810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the physical health of college students is increasingly receiving attention, their autonomous fitness behavior has not been thoroughly investigated. This narrative review conducted a comprehensive literature search through databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), reviewing studies published up to December 2023. We explored the constructs of autonomy, fitness behavior, and agency, and discussed their integration within the autonomous fitness model. Our findings indicate a lack of comprehensive studies exploring the multifaceted factors influencing autonomous fitness behaviors. Future research should strive to deepen conceptual understanding and further explore the complex dynamics of the transition from autonomy to persistence, employing technological and interdisciplinary methodological perspectives to enhance understanding and promote sustainable fitness habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Gao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Chen Soon Chee
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Roxana Dev Omar Dev
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jianhong Gao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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2
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Koohsari MJ, Kaczynski AT, Miyachi M, Oka K. Building on muscles: how built environment design impacts modern sports science. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001908. [PMID: 38495957 PMCID: PMC10941174 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sports science focuses on enhancing athletes' performance, requiring a multifaceted approach. It is evolving from a purely muscle-centred approach to an interdisciplinary one. This paper investigates built environment design science, a dimension less explored in relation to enhancing athlete performance in sports science. The discussion is divided into three categories: athlete-centric training built environment design, enhanced fan and community engagement, and improved integrative accessibility. The study also identifies future research directions, including evidence of the relative impact of the built environment, financial aspects, and performance evaluation methods. Collaboration between sports scientists and scholars in urban design, parks, transportation, landscape architecture and environmental psychology is necessary to advance this topic further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Montagne G, Mascret N, Bossard M, Chomienne L, Ledouit S, Rao G, Tordi N, Verhulst E, Kulpa R. An interdisciplinary framework to optimize the anticipation skills of high-level athletes using virtual reality. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1324016. [PMID: 38410354 PMCID: PMC10895038 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1324016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ambition of our contribution is to show how an interdisciplinary framework can pave the way for the deployment of innovative virtual reality training sessions to improve anticipation skills in top-level athletes. This improvement is so challenging that some authors say it is like "training for the impossible". This framework, currently being implemented as part of a project to prepare athletes for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, based on the ecological-dynamics approach to expertise, is innovative in its interdisciplinary nature, but also and above all because it overcomes the limitations of more traditional training methods in the field designed to optimize anticipation skills in top-level athletes. The ambition is to tackle successive challenges ranging from the design of virtual partners and opponents to the deployment of training programs in virtual reality, while ensuring the acceptability and acceptance of such innovative virtual reality training protocols and measuring associated workloads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Tordi
- PEPITE EA4267, (EPSI), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Burns A, Collins D. Interdisciplinary practice in performance sport: A scoping review of evidence of collaboration. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:1877-1891. [PMID: 37042174 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2201812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Performance support teams are increasingly comprised of sub-disciplines, bringing varied expertise to support an athlete or team in achieving the desired result. With more voices in the room, however, there is a need to investigate how these individuals can effectively work together collaboratively. Accordingly, the present study reviewed empirical articles that have examined interdisciplinary practice in performance sport. In total, 22 articles met the full inclusion criteria. We discuss the four key themes that emerged from the literature linked to these contexts: namely, Theoretical frameworks, Facilitative leadership and culture, Organisational and logistical structure and processes, and Personal and interpersonal qualities. To deepen the understanding in this intricate field, conducting future research such as longitudinal studies that follow team working practices over time and delve into the lived experiences of teams, as well as the perspectives of various stakeholders, would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Burns
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dave Collins
- Grey Matters Performance Ltd, Stratford-Upon-Avon, UK
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5
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Hausken-Sutter SE, Boije Af Gennäs K, Schubring A, Grau S, Jungmalm J, Barker-Ruchti N. Interdisciplinary sport injury research and the integration of qualitative and quantitative data. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:110. [PMID: 37138244 PMCID: PMC10157912 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand and prevent sport injuries, scholars have employed different scientific approaches and research methods. Traditionally, this research has been monodisciplinary, relying on one subdiscipline of sport science and applying qualitative or quantitative research methods. Recently, scholars have argued that traditional approaches fail to address contextual components of sport and the nonlinear interactions between different aspects in and around the athlete, and, as a way forward, called for alternative approaches to sport injury research. Discussion of alternative approaches are today taking place, however, practical examples that demonstrate what such approaches entails are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to draw on an interdisciplinary research approach to (1) outline an interdisciplinary case analysis procedure (ICAP); and (2) provide an example for future interdisciplinary sport injury research. METHODS We adopt an established definition and application of interdisciplinary research to develop and pilot the ICAP for interdisciplinary sport injury teams aiming to integrate qualitative and quantitative sport injury data. The development and piloting of ICAP was possible by drawing on work conducted in the interdisciplinary research project "Injury-free children and adolescents: Towards better practice in Swedish football" (the FIT project). RESULTS The ICAP guides interdisciplinary sport injury teams through three stages: 1. Create a more comprehensive understanding of sport injury aetiology by drawing on existing knowledge from multiple scientific perspectives; 2. Collate analysed qualitative and quantitative sport injury data into a multilevel data catalogue; and 3. Engage in an integrated discussion of the collated data in the interdisciplinary research team. CONCLUSION The ICAP is a practical example of how an interdisciplinary team of sport injury scholars can approach the complex problem of sport injury aetiology and work to integrate qualitative and quantitative data through three stages. The ICAP is a step towards overcoming the obstacles of integrating qualitative and quantitative methods and data that scholars have identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hausken-Sutter
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - A Schubring
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Sociology and Gender Studies, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Grau
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Jungmalm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Barker-Ruchti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Carl J, Bryant AS, Edwards LC, Bartle G, Birch JE, Christodoulides E, Emeljanovas A, Fröberg A, Gandrieau J, Gilic B, van Hilvoorde I, Holler P, Iconomescu TM, Jaunig J, Laudanska-Krzeminska I, Lundvall S, De Martelaer K, Martins J, Mieziene B, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Mouton A, Olaru BS, Onofre M, Pavlova I, Repond MR, Riga V, Salin K, Schnitzler C, Sekulic D, Töpfer C, Vasickova J, Yıldızer G, Zito V, Bentsen P, Green N, Elsborg P. Physical literacy in Europe: The current state of implementation in research, practice, and policy. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:165-176. [PMID: 36688001 PMCID: PMC9827378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective The holistic concept of physical literacy (PL) embraces different person-centered qualities (physical, cognitive, affective/psychological) necessary to lead physically active lifestyles. PL has recently gained increasing attention globally and Europe is no exception. However, scientific endeavors summarizing the current state of PL in Europe are lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study was to comprehensively assess and compare the implementation of PL in research, policy, and practice across the continent. Methods We assembled a panel of experts representing 25 European countries. Employing a complementary mixed-methods design, the experts first prepared reviews about the current state of PL in their countries (categories: research, practice/policy). The reviews underwent comparative document analysis, ensuring a transnational four-eyes principle. For re-validation purposes, the representatives completed a quantitative survey with questions reflecting the inductive themes from the document analysis. Results The document analysis resulted in ten disjunct themes (related to "concept", "research", "practice/policy", "future/prospect") and yielded a heterogenous PL situation in Europe. The implementation state was strongly linked to conceptual discussions (e.g., existence of competing approaches), linguistic issues (e.g., translations), and country-specific traditions. Despite growing scholarly attention, PL hesitantly permeates practice and policy in most countries. Nevertheless, the experts largely anticipate increasing popularity of PL for the future. Conclusion Despite the heterogeneous situation across Europe, the analysis has uncovered similarities among the countries, such as the presence of established yet not identical concepts. Research should intensify academic activities (conceptual-linguistic elaborations, empirical work) before PL may gain further access into practical and political spheres in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Sport Science and Sport, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Anna S. Bryant
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff School of Education and Social Policy / School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cyncoed Road, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lowri C. Edwards
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff School of Education and Social Policy / School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cyncoed Road, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gillian Bartle
- University of Dundee, Division of Education and Society, DD1 4HN, Nethergate Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jens E. Birch
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Department of Primary and Secondary Teacher Education, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Efstathios Christodoulides
- University of Central Lancashire Cyprus, School of Sciences/Sport and Exercise Sciences, 12-14 University Avenue, Pyla, 7080, Larnaka, Cyprus
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Fröberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Läroverksgatan 5, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joseph Gandrieau
- University Lille, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 Av. Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France
| | - Barbara Gilic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Teslina 6, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivo van Hilvoorde
- Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2, 8017, CA, Zwolle, Netherlands,Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS261, Boulevard du Mercantour B.P. 3259 06205 Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Peter Holler
- FH JOANNEUM University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Health Management in Tourism, Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Strasse 24, 8344, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - Teodora M. Iconomescu
- Dunărea de Jos University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Domneasca Street no. 47, 800008, Galati, Romania
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- University of Graz, Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Mozartgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ida Laudanska-Krzeminska
- Poznan University of Physical Education, Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, ul. Krolowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Suzanne Lundvall
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Department, Läroverksgatan 5, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - João Martins
- Centro de Estudos em Educação, Fac. de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Estr. da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maria Mendoza-Muñoz
- University of Extremadura, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Av. de la Universidad S/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alexandre Mouton
- University of Liège, Research Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health & Education (RUCHE), Allée des Sports 2, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bogdan S. Olaru
- Dunărea de Jos University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Domneasca Street no. 47, 800008, Galati, Romania
| | - Marcos Onofre
- Centro de Estudos em Educação, Fac. de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Estr. da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Kostiushka Str. 11, 79007, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Marie Rose Repond
- Federal Institute of Sport, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 2532, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Vassiliki Riga
- University of Patras, Department of Educational Sciences & Early Childhood Education, University Campus, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | - Kasper Salin
- University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sport & Health Sciences, Keskussairaalantie 4, 40100, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Christophe Schnitzler
- E3S laboratory - UR 1342 - University of Strasbourg 14, Rue R. Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damir Sekulic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Teslina 6, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Clemens Töpfer
- University of Jena, Institute for Sports Science, Seidelstraße 20, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Vasickova
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Social Science in Kinanthropology, Tr. Miru 117, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Günay Yıldızer
- Eskişehir Technical University, Department of Physical Education and Sport, 2 Eylül Kampüsü, 26555, Eseksehir, Türkiye
| | - Viviana Zito
- Capdi & LSM, Piazzale Dante 8, 74121, Taranto, Italy
| | - Peter Bentsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nigel Green
- International Physical Literacy Association, 9 Pine View, WN3 6DF, Winstanley (Wigan), England, UK
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark,Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Carl J, Barratt J, Wanner P, Töpfer C, Cairney J, Pfeifer K. The Effectiveness of Physical Literacy Interventions: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2965-2999. [PMID: 35994237 PMCID: PMC9691485 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The holistic concept of physical literacy assumes that individuals require adequate cognitive (knowledge and understanding), affective (motivation and confidence), and physical (physical competence) qualities to engage in lifelong physical activity behavior. In recent years, the research field has undergone rapid development and has also yielded an increasing number of interventions that aim to translate the theoretical-philosophical ideas into practical endeavors. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present pre-registered systematic review was to (a) provide a general overview of evaluation studies on physical literacy interventions and (b) to quantitatively examine the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions. METHODS Drawing on the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched a total of 18 databases for physical literacy interventions. Inclusion criteria were English language, publication by November 2021, and interventions using physical literacy as a theoretical underpinning or evaluation outcome. Articles that met these criteria were analyzed with respect to their basic delivery characteristics, study quality, evaluation approach, and main findings. We additionally ran meta-analyses with all non-randomized and randomized controlled trials to examine and compare the effect of these interventions on five outcome categories: (i) physical competence, (ii) motivation and confidence, (iii) knowledge and understanding, (iv) physical activity behavior, and (v) total physical literacy. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effects on the different categories. RESULTS The screening process with two independent raters yielded 48 eligible interventions reported in 51 eligible articles. Quantitative evaluations most frequently addressed physical competence (72.2%), followed by motivation and confidence (47.2%), physical activity behavior (41.7%), and knowledge and understanding (33.3%). The controlled intervention studies (n = 24) exerted significant effects on all five physical literacy categories. Despite meaningful heterogeneity across the subgroups, the strongest effects were found for physical competence (SMD 0.90; 95% CI 0.55-1.25), followed by physical literacy aggregate scores (SMD 0.61; 95% CI 0.20-1.01), knowledge and understanding (SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.30-0.79), physical activity behavior (SMD 0.39; 95% CI 0.23-0.55), and motivation and confidence (SMD 0.30; 95% CI 0.17-0.44). CONCLUSIONS The present study empirically demonstrated the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions on several outcomes relevant for promoting physical activity and health. To better inform current practices, future studies are advised to identify those program characteristics that significantly influence the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020188926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jaime Barratt
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Philipp Wanner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 700, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Töpfer
- Institute of Sports Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - John Cairney
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Klaus Pfeifer
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Kelly AL, Williams CA, Cook R, Sáiz SLJ, Wilson MR. A Multidisciplinary Investigation into the Talent Development Processes at an English Football Academy: A Machine Learning Approach. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:159. [PMID: 36287772 PMCID: PMC9611883 DOI: 10.3390/sports10100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The talent development processes in youth football are both complex and multidimensional. The purpose of this two-fold study was to apply a multidisciplinary, machine learning approach to examine: (a) the developmental characteristics of under-9 to under-16 academy players (n = 98; Study 1), and (b) the characteristics of selected and deselected under-18 academy players (n = 18; Study 2). A combined total of 53 factors cumulated from eight data collection methods across two seasons were analysed. A cross-validated Lasso regression was implemented, using the glmnet package in R, to analyse the factors that contributed to: (a) player review ratings (Study 1), and (b) achieving a professional contract (Study 2). Results showed non-zero coefficients for improvement in subjective performance in 15 out of the 53 analysed features, with key findings revealing advanced percentage of predicted adult height (0.196), greater lob pass (0.160) and average dribble completion percentage (0.124), more total match-play hours (0.145), and an older relative age (BQ1 vs. BQ2: -0.133; BQ1 vs. BQ4: -0.060) were the most important features that contributed towards player review ratings. Moreover, PCDEQ Factor 3 and an ability to organise and engage in quality practice (PCDEQ Factor 4) were important contributing factors towards achieving a professional contract. Overall, it appears the key factors associated with positive developmental outcomes are not always technical and tactical in nature, where coaches often have their expertise. Indeed, the relative importance of these factors is likely to change over time, and with age, although psychological attributes appear to be key to reaching potential across the academy journey. The methodological techniques used here also serve as an impetus for researchers to adopt a machine learning approach when analysing multidimensional databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Kelly
- Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, West Midlands, UK
| | - Craig A. Williams
- Children’s Health and Exercise, Research Centre and Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, Devon, UK
| | - Rob Cook
- Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, West Midlands, UK
| | | | - Mark R. Wilson
- Children’s Health and Exercise, Research Centre and Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, Devon, UK
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Turner AN, Read P, Maestroni L, Chavda S, Yao X, Papadopoulos K, Virgile A, Spiegelhalter A, Bishop C. Reverse Engineering in Strength and Conditioning: Applications to Agility Training. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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A Systems Analysis Critique of Sport-Science Research. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1385-1392. [PMID: 34453014 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The broad aim of sport-science research is to enhance the performance of coaches and athletes. Despite decades of such research, it is well documented that sport-science research lacks empirical evidence, and critics have questioned its scientific methods. Moreover, many have pointed to a research-practice gap, whereby the work undertaken by researchers is not readily applied by practitioners. The aim of this study was to use a systems thinking analysis method, causal loop diagrams, to understand the systemic issues that interact to influence the quality of sport-science research. METHODS A group model-building process was utilized to develop the causal loop diagram based on data obtained from relevant peer-reviewed literature and subject-matter experts. RESULTS The findings demonstrate the panoply of systemic influences associated with sport-science research, including the existence of silos, a focus on quantitative research, archaic practices, and an academic system that is incongruous with what it actually purports to achieve. CONCLUSIONS The emergent outcome of the interacting components is the creation of an underperforming sport-science research system, as indicated by a lack of ecological validity, translation to practice, and, ultimately, a research-practice gap.
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To be or not to be (e)sports? That is not the question! Why and how sport and exercise psychology could research esports. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-021-00715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhether esports can be considered a sport is highly debated. The German Olympic Sport Federation (DOSB) and the German Society for Sport Sciences (DVS) recently stated that esports should not be integrated into the canon of sport. Our aim is not to further fuel this debate but rather to argue that to be or not to be sport is not the most important question from a scientific perspective. After summarizing the current discussion on whether esports constitute a sport, this paper discusses why and how sport and exercise psychology (SEP), in particular, could research esports. To exploit research opportunities in esports, such as adapting validated methods and testing existing models, scholars in SEP could examine the aspects arising from its positional stance. We argue that the potential of SEP approaches, models, and methods, positions it well to play an important role in research on esports. The present perspective provides a starting point for a constructive discourse on the development of SEP and the potential for its role in esports research.
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Afonso J, Nakamura FY, Canário-Lemos R, Peixoto R, Fernandes C, Mota T, Ferreira M, Silva R, Teixeira A, Clemente FM. A Novel Approach to Training Monotony and Acute-Chronic Workload Index: A Comparative Study in Soccer. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:661200. [PMID: 34136806 PMCID: PMC8200417 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.661200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Load is a multifactorial construct, but usually reduced to parameters of volume and intensity. In the last decades, other constructs have been proposed for assessing load, but also relying on relationships between volume and intensity. For example, Foster's Training Monotony has been used in athletes' load management simply by computing mean weekly load divided by its standard deviation, often multiplied by session rate of perceived exertion. Meanwhile, the Acute to Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) has been debated by the sport scientists as a useful monitoring metric and related to so-called injury prevention. None of these models includes parameters that are representative of training specificity, namely load orientation. The aim of this study is to present broader conceptual approaches translated by new indices for assessing Intraweek Training Monotony (ITM) and Acute to Chronic Workload Index (ACWI) while incorporating load orientation, session duration and weekly density (frequency normalized) in addition to parameters related to proxies of external and/or internal load. Our ITM and Foster's Training Monotony were similar in terms of average values, but very different for individualized analysis, illustrating how average values may be deceiving. While Foster's model provided clusters of values, ITM provided more scattered, individualized data. ACWI and ACWR provided very distinct qualitative information, and the two models were uncorrelated. Therefore, the models incorporating training load orientation presented in this study provide distinct and not redundant information when compared to previous models. More importantly, ITM and ACWI are metrics that are compatible to each other and might fit to coaches' monitoring targets in the short and medium terms, respectively. Because our models include several parameters, including load orientation, we contend that might provide a more complete monitoring tool. However, we suggest they are used for intraindividual comparisons and not so strongly for interindividual comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development, University Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal.,Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education Universidade de Pernambuco/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rui Canário-Lemos
- Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise, and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Research Group in Strength Training and Fitness Activities, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rafael Peixoto
- Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise, and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Research Group in Strength Training and Fitness Activities, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cátia Fernandes
- Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise, and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tomás Mota
- Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist, Independent Researcher, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Rafaela Silva
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Teixeira
- Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
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13
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Virgile A, Bishop C. A Narrative Review of Limb Dominance: Task Specificity and the Importance of Fitness Testing. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:846-858. [PMID: 33470600 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Virgile, A and Bishop, C. A narrative review of limb dominance: Task specificity and the importance of fitness testing. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 846-858, 2021-Preferential limb function must be sustained through repetitious asymmetrical activities for continuous athletic development and, ultimately, optimal athletic performance. As such, the prevalence of limb dominance and between-limb differences is common in athletes. Severe between-limb differences have been associated with reductions in athletic performance and increased injury risk in athletes. However, in the current literature, the terms limb preference and limb dominance have been used interchangeably. Together, these terms include a limb that is subjectively preferred and one that is objectively dominant in 1 or more performance measures from a variety of athletic tasks. In this review, we (a) discuss reported correspondence between task-specific limb preference and limb dominance outcomes in athletes, (b) provide greater context and distinction between the terms limb preference and limb dominance, and (c) offer pragmatic strategies for practitioners to assess context-specific limb dominance. A limb that is subjectively preferred is not necessarily objectively dominant in 1 or more athletic qualities or sport-specific tasks. Further to this, a limb that is objectively superior in 1 task may not exhibit such superiority in a separate task. Thus, limb preference and limb dominance are both task-specific. As such, we propose that practitioners intentionally select tasks for limb dominance assessment which resemble the most relevant demands of sport. Because limb dominance profiles are inconsistent, we suggest that practitioners increase assessment frequency by integrating limb dominance testing into standard training activities. This will allow practitioners to better understand when changes reflect sport-specific adaptation vs. potential performance or injury ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute at Allianz Park, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Browne P, Sweeting AJ, Woods CT, Robertson S. Methodological Considerations for Furthering the Understanding of Constraints in Applied Sports. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33792790 PMCID: PMC8017066 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Commonly classified as individual, task or environmental, constraints are boundaries which shape the emergence of functional movement solutions. In applied sport, an ongoing challenge is to improve the measurement, analysis and understanding of constraints to key stakeholders. Methodological considerations for furthering these pursuits should be centred around an interdisciplinary approach. This integration of methodology and knowledge from different disciplines also encourages the sharing of encompassing principles, concepts, methods and data to generate new solutions to existing problems. This narrative review discusses how a number of rapidly developing fields are positioned to help guide, support and progress an understanding of sport through constraints. It specifically focuses on examples from the fields of technology, analytics and perceptual science. It discusses how technology is generating large quantities of data which can improve our understanding of how constraints shape the movement solutions of performers in training and competition environments. Analytics can facilitate new insights from numerous and complex data through enhanced non-linear and multivariate analysis techniques. The role of the perceptual sciences is discussed with respect to generating outputs from analytics that are more interpretable for the end-user. Together, these three fields of technology, analytics and perceptual science may enable a more comprehensive understanding of constraints in sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Browne
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Western Bulldogs Football Club, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alice J Sweeting
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Bulldogs Football Club, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carl T Woods
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Robertson
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Bulldogs Football Club, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Priego-Quesada JI. Exercise Biomechanics and Physiology. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020159. [PMID: 33669578 PMCID: PMC7921909 DOI: 10.3390/life11020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose I. Priego-Quesada
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Biophysics and Medical Physics Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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16
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC, Sánchez-Ureña B. Sport Readaptation: Where Do We Draw the Lines Between Professionals? Front Sports Act Living 2020; 1:62. [PMID: 33344985 PMCID: PMC7739741 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo y Rehabilitación en Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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17
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Kelly A, Wilson MR, Jackson DT, Goldman DE, Turnnidge J, Côté J, Williams CA. A multidisciplinary investigation into "playing-up" in academy football according to age phase. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:854-864. [PMID: 33203302 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1848117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to facilitate more appropriate levels of challenge, a common practice in academy football is to play-up talented youth players with chronologically older peers. However, the context of playing-up in academy football is yet to be empirically explored. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the multidimensional factors that differentiated players who play-up from those who do not. Ninety-eight participants from a single football academy were examined within their age phase: Foundation Development Phase (FDP; under-9 to under-11; n = 40) and Youth Development Phase (YDP; under-12 to under-16; n = 58). Drawing upon the FA Four Corner Model, 27 factors relating to Technical/Tactical, Physical, Psychological, and Social development were assessed. Following MANOVA analysis within both the FDP and YDP, significant differences were observed for Technical/Tactical and Social sub-components (P < 0.05). Further differences were observed for Physical and Psychological sub-components (P < 0.05) within the YDP. In sum, Technical/Tactical and Social characteristics appeared to differentiate those who play-up compared to those who do not within the FDP. In the YDP however, there were measures representing all sub-components from the FA Four Corner Model. Subsequently, it is suggested coaches and practitioners consider these holistic factors when playing-up youth football players within relevant age-phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.,College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark R Wilson
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Daniel T Jackson
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel E Goldman
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jennifer Turnnidge
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jean Côté
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Craig A Williams
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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18
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Abstract
Research collaboration among interdisciplinary teams has become a common trend in recent days. However, there is a lack of evidence in literature regarding which disciplines play dominant roles in interdisciplinary research settings. It is also unclear whether the dominant role of disciplines vary between STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and non-STEM focused research. This study considers metadata of the research projects funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Grant Project scheme. Applying network analytics, this study investigates the contribution of individual disciplines in the successfully funded projects. It is noted that the disciplines Engineering, Biological Sciences and Technology appear as the principal disciplines in interdisciplinary research having a STEM focus. By contrast, non-STEM interdisciplinary research is led by three disciplines—Studies in Human Societies, Language, Communication and Culture, and History and Archaeology. For projects entailing interdisciplinarity between STEM and non-STEM disciplines, the STEM discipline of Medical and Health Sciences and the non-STEM disciplines of Psychology and Cognitive Science and Studies in Human Societies appear as the leading contributors. Overall, the network-based visualisation reveals that research interdisciplinarity is implemented in a heterogeneous way across STEM and non-STEM disciplines, and there are gaps in inter-disciplinary collaborations among some disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahadat Uddin
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Level 2, 21 Ross Street, Forest Lodge, NSW 2037 Australia
| | - Tasadduq Imam
- School of Business and Law, CQUniversity (Melbourne Campus), L4, 120 Spencer Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Mohammad Mozumdar
- Electrical Engineering, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., ECS-521, MS-8306, Long Beach, CA 90840-8306 USA
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19
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Bergkamp TLG, den Hartigh RJR, Frencken WGP, Niessen ASM, Meijer RR. The validity of small-sided games in predicting 11-vs-11 soccer game performance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239448. [PMID: 32956368 PMCID: PMC7505454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting performance in soccer games has been a major focus within talent identification and development. Past research has mainly used performance levels, such as elite vs. non-elite players, as the performance to predict (i.e. the criterion). Moreover, these studies have mainly focused on isolated performance attributes as predictors of soccer performance levels. However, there has been an increasing interest in finer grained criterion measures of soccer performance, as well as representative assessments at the level of performance predictors. In this study, we first determined the degree to which 7-vs-7 small-sided games can be considered as representative of 11-vs-11 games. Second, we assessed the validity of individual players’ small-sided game performance in predicting their 11-vs-11 game performance on a continuous scale. Moreover, we explored the predictive validity for 11-vs-11 game performance of several physiological and motor tests in isolation. Sixty-three elite youth players of a professional soccer academy participated in 11 to 17 small-sided games and six 11-vs-11 soccer games. In-game performance indicators were assessed through notational analysis and combined into an overall offensive and defensive performance measure, based on their relationship with game success. Physiological and motor abilities were assessed using a sprint, endurance, and agility test. Results showed that the small-sided games were faster paced, but representative of 11-vs-11 games, with the exception of aerial duels. Furthermore, individual small-sided game performance yielded moderate predictive validities with 11-vs-11 game performance. In contrast, the physiological and motor tests yielded small to trivial relations with game performance. Altogether, this study provides novel insights into the application of representative soccer assessments and the use of continuous criterion measures of soccer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom L. G. Bergkamp
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruud J. R. den Hartigh
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter G. P. Frencken
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Football Club Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A. Susan M. Niessen
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob R. Meijer
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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20
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Rollo I, Carter JM, Close GL, Yangüas J, Gomez-Diaz A, Medina Leal D, Duda JL, Holohan D, Erith SJ, Podlog L. Role of sports psychology and sports nutrition in return to play from musculoskeletal injuries in professional soccer: an interdisciplinary approach. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1054-1063. [PMID: 32633210 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1792558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries are prevalent in professional soccer and can result in lost training time or match play. It is intuitive that the "return to play" (RTP) pathway will depend, in large part, on the expertise of sports medicine practitioners (e.g. surgeons, physicians, physiotherapists) responsible for player's recovery. Consensus statements on returning athletes to sport following injury acknowledge the contributions of sport psychology and sports nutrition. However, specific consideration on how to integrate these two recognized - but often overlooked components of injury rehabilitation - into existing sport medicine approaches has yet to be examined. Using a framework of milestones directed by the medical physician and physical trainer, the evidence is summarized and suggestions provided on the integration of sports psychology and sports nutrition into an interdisciplinary RTP approach. We examine recovery from a phase approach (acute injury and functional recovery) to highlight interdisciplinary opportunities in the management of musculoskeletal soccer injuries. An interdisciplinary approach is understood to achieve outcomes that could not be achieved within the framework of a single discipline. The incorporation of sports psychology and nutrition theoretically compliment milestones used in current medically-based RTP models. Our hope is that this article serves as a catalyst for interdisciplinary practice and research - not only in sports nutrition and sports psychology - but across all sport and exercise disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rollo
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo Life Sciences, Leicestershire, UK.,School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - J M Carter
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo Life Sciences, Leicestershire, UK
| | - G L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Yangüas
- Sports Performance Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gomez-Diaz
- Sports Performance Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Medina Leal
- Monumental Sports and Entertainment, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J L Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Holohan
- Sports Science Department, Manchester City FC, Manchester, UK
| | - S J Erith
- Sports Science Department, Manchester City FC, Manchester, UK
| | - L Podlog
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, & Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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21
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Bergkamp TLG, Niessen ASM, den Hartigh RJR, Frencken WGP, Meijer RR. Methodological Issues in Soccer Talent Identification Research. Sports Med 2020; 49:1317-1335. [PMID: 31161402 PMCID: PMC6684562 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Talent identification research in soccer comprises the prediction of elite soccer performance. While many studies in this field have aimed to empirically relate performance characteristics to subsequent soccer success, a critical evaluation of the methodology of these studies has mostly been absent in the literature. In this position paper, we discuss advantages and limitations of the design, validity, and utility of current soccer talent identification research. Specifically, we draw on principles from selection psychology that can contribute to best practices in the context of making selection decisions across domains. Based on an extensive search of the soccer literature, we identify four methodological issues from this framework that are relevant for talent identification research, i.e. (1) the operationalization of criterion variables (the performance to be predicted) as performance levels; (2) the focus on isolated performance indicators as predictors of soccer performance; (3) the effects of range restriction on the predictive validity of predictors used in talent identification; and (4) the effect of the base rate on the utility of talent identification procedures. Based on these four issues, we highlight opportunities and challenges for future soccer talent identification studies that may contribute to developing evidence-based selection procedures. We suggest for future research to consider the use of individual soccer criterion measures, to adopt representative, high-fidelity predictors of soccer performance, and to take restriction of range and the base rate into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom L G Bergkamp
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Susan M Niessen
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J R den Hartigh
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter G P Frencken
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Football Club Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob R Meijer
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Piggott B, Müller S, Chivers P, Cripps A, Hoyne G. Interdisciplinary Sport Research Can Better Predict Competition Performance, Identify Individual Differences, and Quantify Task Representation. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:14. [PMID: 33345009 PMCID: PMC7739773 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sport performance consists of interacting individual, task and environmental constraints, but research has used a monodisciplinary, rather than an interdisciplinary approach to understand performance. This study used Australian football (AF) as the exemplar sport to investigate the value of an interdisciplinary approach to understand sport performance. Through this, it was also possible to quantify individual differences and representative task design. Fifty-nine semi-professional Australian footballers participated. Based upon accessibility, combinations of these players completed physiological (3 × 1 km trial) and perceptual-cognitive-motor (small-sided game, SSG) tests, with coach rating of psychological skill (mental toughness coach, MTC). Univariate monodisciplinary models indicated that all tests predicted disposal efficiency; 3 × 1 km trial (p = 0.047), SSG (p = 0.001), and MTC (p = 0.035), but only the SSG predicted coaches' vote (p = 0.003). A multivariate interdisciplinary model indicated that SSG and MTC tests predicted disposal efficiency with a better model fit than the corresponding univariate model. The interdisciplinary model formulated an equation that could identify individual differences in disposal efficiency. In addition, the interdisciplinary model showed that the higher representative SSG test contributed a greater magnitude to the prediction of competition performance, than the lower representative MTC rating. Overall, this study demonstrates that a more comprehensive understanding of sport performance, individual differences, and representative tasks, can be obtained through an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Piggott
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Sean Müller
- Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute and School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ashley Cripps
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Gerard Hoyne
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia
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23
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Soares ALA, Kós LD, Paes RR, Nascimento JV, Collins D, Gonçalves CE, Carvalho HM. Determinants of drop-out in youth basketball: an interdisciplinary approach. Res Sports Med 2019; 28:84-98. [PMID: 30835570 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2019.1586708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Using an interdisciplinary approach, we examined the baseline variation in biological maturity status, training experience, body size, functional capacities (Line Drill test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 test) and motivation for achievement, competitiveness and deliberate practice of youth basketball players according to their participation status in the sport two years after assessment. Fifty-seven players were considered (10.5 to 15.5 years). Two years later we ascertained whether players discontinued participation (dropout), or remained playing engaged within a structured basketball training program. Taller adolescent players were more likely to be selected/promoted in youth basketball regardless of their lower functional capacity. Achievement and competitiveness motivation (will to excel and competitiveness) were related to dropping out or persisting in this sample of youth basketball players. Overall, there is a need to consider the interaction between physical growth, biological maturation, functional capacities and behavioural characteristics, specifically among players on the path to sport expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L A Soares
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luísa D Kós
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Roberto R Paes
- Faculty Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juarez V Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Dave Collins
- Institute for Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Carlos E Gonçalves
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Humberto M Carvalho
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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