1
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Matsunaga M, Ohtsubo Y, Ishii K, Tsuboi H, Suzuki K, Takagishi H. Subjective well-being can be predicted by caudate volume and promotion focus. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02830-3. [PMID: 39066916 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that the caudate nucleus is associated with motivational behaviors and subjective well-being. However, no longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between brain structure, behavioral orientations, and subjective well-being. This study analyzes data from our previous longitudinal study to examine whether future subjective well-being can be predicted by the volume of the caudate nucleus. We also examined whether behavioral orientation, based on the regulatory focus theory showing two orientations-promotion and prevention focus-was related to the volume of the caudate nucleus. Voxel-based morphometry analysis indicated that the left caudate volume was positively associated with rating scores for future subjective well-being and promotion orientation. Further, mediation analysis indicated that promotion orientation significantly mediated the relationship between future subjective well-being and left caudate volume. The findings indicate that future subjective well-being can be predicted by the volume of the left caudate nucleus, and that this relationship is mediated by promotion focus orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsunaga
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, 480-1195, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yohsuke Ohtsubo
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruto Takagishi
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Butterfield RD, Silk JS. The Role of Neural Self-Referential Processes Underlying Self-Concept in Adolescent Depression: A Comprehensive Review and Proposed Neurobehavioral Model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105183. [PMID: 37076056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
There is growing knowledge about how self-concept develops in adolescence and contributes to the onset of depression, but researchers have only recently begun investigating the neural mechanisms that underlie self-referential cognition in adolescents with and without depression. This paper reviews task-related functional neuroimaging (fMRI) research on self-referential neural processing in both healthy and depressed adolescents (Mage range = 12-18 years), with a focus on elucidating brain activation that may subserve adolescent self-perception and related associations with depression. Drawing on conclusions from the affective neuroscience literature and developmental theory, we propose a neurobehavioral model and future research recommendations to address how social factors might shape self-referential neural processes and self-concept in ways that confer risk for depression. We review the operationalization of self-concept, developmental theory (i.e., symbolic interactionism) on self-concept development, and the role of self-concept in adolescent depression. We then review empirical studies assessing neural activation during healthy and depressed adolescents' processing of self-relevant information, and the limited studies assessing links between social factors and neural self-referential processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology and Psychiatry
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3
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Morningstar M, Thomas P, Anderson AM, Mattson WI, Nahata L, Leibowitz SF, Chen D, Strang JF, Nelson EE. Exogenous testosterone administration is associated with differential neural response to unfamiliar peer's and own caregiver's voice in transgender adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 59:101194. [PMID: 36634500 PMCID: PMC9841356 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in gonadal hormones during puberty are thought to potentiate adolescents' social re-orientation away from caregivers and towards peers. This study investigated the effect of testosterone on neural processing of emotional (vocal) stimuli by unfamiliar peers vs. parents, in transgender boys receiving exogenous testosterone as a gender-affirming hormone (GAH+) or not (GAH-). During fMRI, youth heard angry and happy vocal expressions spoken by their caregiver and an unfamiliar teenager. Youth also self-reported on closeness with friends and parents. Whole-brain analyses (controlling for age) revealed that GAH+ youth showed blunted neural response to caregivers' angry voices-and heightened response to unfamiliar teenage angry voices-in the anterior cingulate cortex. This pattern was reversed in GAH- youth, who also showed greater response to happy unfamiliar teenager vs. happy caregiver voices in this region. Blunted ACC response to angry caregiver voices-a pattern characteristic of GAH+ youth-was associated with greater relative closeness with friends over parents, which could index more "advanced" social re-orientation. Consistent with models of adolescent neurodevelopment, increases in testosterone during adolescence may shift the valuation of caregiver vs. peer emotional cues in a brain region associated with processing affective information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Morningstar
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Centre for Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Peyton Thomas
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Avery M. Anderson
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Center for Nursing Excellence, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Whitney I. Mattson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leena Nahata
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott F. Leibowitz
- Section of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diane Chen
- Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine & Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John F. Strang
- Center for Neuroscience, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA,Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric E. Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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4
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Sandre A, Morningstar M, Farrell-Reeves A, Dirks M, Weinberg A. Adolescents and young adults differ in their neural response to and recognition of adolescent and adult emotional faces. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14060. [PMID: 35357699 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peer relationships become increasingly important during adolescence. The success of these relationships may rely on the ability to attend to and decode subtle or ambiguous emotional expressions that are common in social interactions. However, most studies examining youths' processing and labeling of facial emotion have employed adult faces and faces that depict emotional extremes as stimuli. In this study, 40 adolescents and 40 young adults viewed blends of angry-neutral, fearful-neutral, and happy-neutral faces (e.g., 100% angry, 66% angry, 33% angry, neutral) portrayed by adolescent and adult actors as electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Participants also labeled these faces according to the emotion expressed (i.e., angry, fearful, happy, or neutral). The Late Positive Potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects sustained attention to motivationally salient information, was scored from the EEG following face presentation. Among adolescents, as peer-age faces moved from ambiguous (33%) to unambiguous (100%) emotional expression, the LPP similarly increased. These effects were not found when adolescents viewed emotional face blends portrayed by adult actors. Additionally, while both adolescents and young adults showed greater emotion labeling accuracy as faces increased in emotional intensity from ambiguous to unambiguous emotional expression, adolescent participants did not show greater accuracy when labeling peer-compared to adult-age faces. Together, these data suggest that adolescents attend more to subtle differences in peer-age emotional faces, but they do not label these emotional expressions more accurately than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Cosme D, Flournoy JC, Livingston JL, Lieberman MD, Dapretto M, Pfeifer JH. Testing the adolescent social reorientation model during self and other evaluation using hierarchical growth curve modeling with parcellated fMRI data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101089. [PMID: 35245811 PMCID: PMC8891708 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized as a period when relationships and experiences shift toward peers. The social reorientation model of adolescence posits this shift is driven by neurobiological changes that increase the salience of social information related to peer integration and acceptance. Although influential, this model has rarely been subjected to tests that could falsify it, or studied in longitudinal samples assessing within-person development. We focused on two phenomena that are highly salient and dynamic during adolescence—social status and self-perception—and examined longitudinal changes in neural responses during a self/other evaluation task. We expected status-related social information to uniquely increase across adolescence in social brain regions. Despite using hierarchical growth curve modeling with parcellated whole-brain data to increase power to detect developmental effects, we didn’t find evidence in support of this hypothesis. Social brain regions showed increased responsivity across adolescence, but this trajectory was not unique to status-related information. Additionally, brain regions associated with self-focused cognition showed heightened responses during self-evaluation in the transition to mid-adolescence, especially for status-related information. These results qualify existing models of adolescent social reorientation and highlight the multifaceted changes in self and social development that could be leveraged in novel ways to support adolescent health and well-being.
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6
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Kwon SJ, Do KT, McCormick EM, Telzer EH. Neural Correlates of Conflicting Social Influence on Adolescent Risk Taking. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:139-152. [PMID: 33070432 PMCID: PMC9356537 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is often characterized by heightened risk-taking behaviors, which are shaped by social influence from parents and peers. However, little is understood about how adolescents make risky decisions under conflicting influence. The valuation system in the brain may elucidate how adolescents differentially integrate conflicting social information. Twenty-eight adolescents (Mage = 12.7 years) completed a social influence task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Behaviorally, adolescents took more risks only when their parent endorsed risky decisions but not when their peers endorsed risky decisions. At the neural level, adolescents showed enhanced vmPFC-striatum functional connectivity when they made risky decisions that followed their parents' risky decisions. Results suggest that parents' decisions may guide youths' risk-taking behavior under conflicting influence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathy T Do
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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7
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Demidenko MI, Huntley ED, Jahn A, Thomason ME, Monk CS, Keating DP. Cortical and subcortical response to the anticipation of reward in high and average/low risk-taking adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 44:100798. [PMID: 32479377 PMCID: PMC7262007 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first neurodevelopmental models that sought to explain the influx of risky behaviors during adolescence were proposed, there have been a number of revisions, variations and criticisms. Despite providing a strong multi-disciplinary heuristic to explain the development of risk behavior, extant models have not yet reliably isolated neural systems that underlie risk behaviors in adolescence. To address this gap, we screened 2017 adolescents from an ongoing longitudinal study that assessed 15-health risk behaviors, targeting 104 adolescents (Age Range: 17-to-21.4), characterized as high-or-average/low risk-taking. Participants completed the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) fMRI task, examining reward anticipation to "big win" versus "neutral". We examined neural response variation associated with both baseline and longitudinal (multi-wave) risk classifications. Analyses included examination of a priori regions of interest (ROIs); and exploratory non-parametric, whole-brain analyses. Hypothesis-driven ROI analysis revealed no significant differences between high- and average/low-risk profiles using either baseline or multi-wave classification. Results of whole-brain analyses differed according to whether risk assessment was based on baseline or multi-wave data. Despite significant mean-level task activation, these results do not generalize prior neural substrates implicated in reward anticipation and adolescent risk-taking. Further, these data indicate that whole-brain differences may depend on how risk-behavior profiles are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward D Huntley
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Andrew Jahn
- The Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Moriah E Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone, New York, United States
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Daniel P Keating
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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8
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Alarcón G, Morgan JK, Allen NB, Sheeber L, Silk JS, Forbes EE. Adolescent gender differences in neural reactivity to a friend's positive affect and real-world positive experiences in social contexts. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 43:100779. [PMID: 32510342 PMCID: PMC7183158 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Males reported more recent happy occasions with class/teammates than females. Males activated fusiform gyrus more than females while viewing unfamiliar peers. Striatum functional connectivity mediated gender differences in social behavior.
Peers become increasingly important during adolescence, with emerging gender differences in peer relationships associated with distinct behavioral and emotional outcomes. Males tend to socialize in larger peer groups with competitive interactions, whereas females engage in longer bouts of dyadic interaction with more intimacy. To examine gender differences in neural response to ecologically valid displays of positive affect and future social interactions, 52 adolescents (14–18 years old; female = 30) completed a social reward functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task with videos of a same-gender best friend (BF) or unfamiliar peer (UP) expressing positive (versus neutral) affect. Participants completed ecological momentary assessment of social experiences for two 5-day intervals. Compared with females, males more often reported that their happiest experience in the past hour occurred with class/teammates. Females and males displayed greater fusiform gyrus (FG) activation during BF and UP conditions, respectively (pvoxel<0.0001, pcluster<0.05, family-wise error). Compared with males, females exhibited greater nucleus accumbens (NAcc)-precuneus functional connectivity to BF Positive> UP Positive. An exploratory analysis indicated that the association of male gender with a greater proportion of positive experiences with class/teammates was statistically mediated by greater NAcc-precuneus functional connectivity. Gender differences in positive social experiences may be associated with reward and social cognition networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alarcón
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Lisa Sheeber
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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9
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Tan PZ, Oppenheimer CW, Ladouceur CD, Butterfield RD, Silk JS. A review of associations between parental emotion socialization behaviors and the neural substrates of emotional reactivity and regulation in youth. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:516-527. [PMID: 32077721 PMCID: PMC7155917 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As highlighted by Eisenberg, Cumberland, and Spinrad (1998), parents play a critical role in children's socioemotional development, in part, by shaping how children and adolescents process, respond to, and regulate their emotions (i.e., emotional reactivity/regulation). Although evidence for associations between parenting behavior and youth's emotional processing has relied primarily on behavioral measures of emotion, researchers have begun to examine how parenting is related to the neural substrates of youth's reactivity and regulation. This article reviews a growing literature linking parental behavior with structural brain development as well as functional activity and connectivity in neural regions supporting emotional reactivity/regulation during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. By focusing on normative parental behaviors, we evaluate the evidence for associations between typical variations in caregiving and neural processes thought to support youth's emotional reactivity/regulation. The purpose of this review is to (1) extend the model put forth by Eisenberg and colleagues to consider the ways that parenting behaviors are related to neural substrates of youth's emotional reactivity and regulation; (2) review the empirical evidence for associations between parenting, particularly parental "emotion-related socialization behaviors" (ERSBs), and neural substrates of youth's emotional reactivity/regulation; and (3) recommend future directions for this emerging area of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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10
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Kim-Spoon J, Deater-Deckard K, Brieant A, Lauharatanahirun N, Lee J, King-Casas B. Brains of a feather flocking together? Peer and individual neurobehavioral risks for substance use across adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1661-1674. [PMID: 31387665 PMCID: PMC7373672 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of heightened susceptibility to peer influences, and deviant peer affiliation has well-established implications for the development of psychopathology. However, little is known about the role of brain functions in pathways connecting peer contexts and health risk behaviors. We tested developmental cascade models to evaluate contributions of adolescent risk taking, peer influences, and neurobehavioral variables of risk processing and cognitive control to substance use among 167 adolescents who were assessed annually for four years. Risk taking at Time 1 was related to substance use at Time 4 indirectly through peer substance use at Time 2 and insular activation during risk processing at Time 3. Furthermore, neural cognitive control moderated these effects. Greater insular activation during risk processing was related to higher substance use for those with greater medial prefrontal cortex activation during cognitive control, but it was related to lower substance use among those with lower medial prefrontal cortex activation during cognitive control. Neural processes related to risk processing and cognitive control play a crucial role in the processes linking risk taking, peer substance use, and adolescents' own substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Brieant
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nina Lauharatanahirun
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Lee
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
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11
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Liang Q, Yu C, Chen Q, Xie X, Wu H, Xing J, Huang S, Dou K. Exposure to Community Violence, Affiliations With Risk-Taking Peer Groups, and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Parental Monitoring. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2074. [PMID: 31616334 PMCID: PMC6763738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Among adolescents, exposure to community violence (ECV) has been consistently linked to problem behaviors such as Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the associated risk and protective factors have not been adequately explored in past studies. Therefore, in accordance with the risk-buffering model and social development model, this study aimed to test whether parental monitoring moderated the relationship between ECV and IGD among adolescents, and whether this moderating effect was mediated by affiliations with risk-taking peer groups. A sample of 2,423 Chinese middle-school students anonymously responded to questionnaires that assessed ECV, IGD, affiliations with risk-taking peer groups, and parental monitoring. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that the interaction between ECV and parental monitoring negatively related to IGD among adolescents. Specifically, the positive relationship between ECV and IGD was stronger for adolescents, who reported low levels of parental monitoring than for those who reported high levels of parental monitoring. Moreover, this moderating effect was mediated by affiliations with risk-taking peer groups. These results suggest that parental monitoring is an important protective factor that can mitigate the risk of IGD among adolescents who have been exposed to community violence. Accordingly, these findings serve as an empirical base upon which prevention and intervention strategies that are aimed at mitigating the risk of IGD among adolescents can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Education, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanfeng Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Human Resources Department, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Xing
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Economics and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Dou
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Education, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Morningstar M, Grannis C, Mattson WI, Nelson EE. Associations Between Adolescents' Social Re-orientation Toward Peers Over Caregivers and Neural Response to Teenage Faces. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:108. [PMID: 31178704 PMCID: PMC6544008 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of intensive development in body, brain, and behavior. Potentiated by changes in hormones and neural response to social stimuli, teenagers undergo a process of social re-orientation away from their caregivers and toward expanding peer networks. The current study examines how relative relational closeness to peers (compared to parents) during adolescence is linked to neural response to the facial emotional expressions of other teenagers. Self-reported closeness with friends (same- and opposite-sex) and parents (mother and father), and neural response to facial stimuli during fMRI, were assessed in 8- to 19-year-old typically developing youth (n = 40, mean age = 13.90 years old, SD = 3.36; 25 female). Youth who reported greater relative closeness with peers than with parents showed decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during stimulus presentation, which may reflect lessened inhibitory control or regulatory response to peer-aged faces. Functional connectivity between the dlPFC and dorsal striatum was greatest in older youth who were closer to peers; in contrast, negative coupling between these regions was noted for both younger participants who were closer to peers and older participants who were closer to their parents. In addition, the association between relative closeness to peers and neural activation in regions of the social brain varied by emotion type and age. Results suggest that the re-orientation toward peers that occurs during adolescence is accompanied by changes in neural response to peer-aged social signals in social cognitive, prefrontal, and subcortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Morningstar
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Connor Grannis
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Whitney I. Mattson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eric E. Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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13
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McCormick EM, Perino MT, Telzer EH. Not just social sensitivity: Adolescent neural suppression of social feedback during risk taking. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:134-141. [PMID: 29518712 PMCID: PMC6014584 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of sensitivity to social stimuli. In particular, research has focused on the increased sensitivity to risks and social information seen during adolescence. However, recent evidence also suggests that adolescents can flexibly use information in service of their goals, raising an interesting question: are adolescents able to selectively discount social information if it conflicts with their goals? To test this question, fifty-five children and adolescents (ages 8-17 years) completed a social variant of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task during an fMRI session. Adolescents showed decreased tracking of negative social feedback in regions involved in salience-monitoring (e.g. insula) and social processing (e.g., TPJ, pSTS). Age-related changes in neural processing of risk and social feedback contributed to better performance for older participants. These results suggest that adolescents are able to suppress goal-irrelevant social feedback, rather than being uniformly hyper-sensitive to social information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M McCormick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820, United States
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Telzer EH, van Hoorn J, Rogers CR, Do KT. Social Influence on Positive Youth Development: A Developmental Neuroscience Perspective. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 54:215-258. [PMID: 29455864 PMCID: PMC6345387 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to social influence is associated with a host of negative outcomes during adolescence. However, emerging evidence implicates the role of peers and parents in adolescents' positive and adaptive adjustment. Hence, in this chapter we highlight social influence as an opportunity for promoting social adjustment, which can redirect negative trajectories and help adolescents thrive. We discuss influential models about the processes underlying social influence, with a particular emphasis on internalizing social norms, embedded in social learning and social identity theory. We link this behavioral work to developmental social neuroscience research, rooted in neurobiological models of decision making and social cognition. Work from this perspective suggests that the adolescent brain is highly malleable and particularly oriented toward the social world, which may account for heightened susceptibility to social influences during this developmental period. This chapter underscores the need to leverage social influences during adolescence, even beyond the family and peer context, to promote positive developmental outcomes. By further probing the underlying neural mechanisms as an additional layer to examining social influence on positive youth development, we will be able to gain traction on our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva H Telzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Jorien van Hoorn
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christina R Rogers
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathy T Do
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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15
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Sherman L, Steinberg L, Chein J. Connecting brain responsivity and real-world risk taking: Strengths and limitations of current methodological approaches. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 33:27-41. [PMID: 28774477 PMCID: PMC5745301 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the goal of limiting health risk behaviors in adolescence, a growing literature investigates whether individual differences in functional brain responses can be related to vulnerability to engage in risky decision-making. We review this body of work, investigate when and in what way findings converge, and provide best practice recommendations. We identified 23 studies that examined individual differences in brain responsivity and adolescent risk taking. Findings varied widely in terms of the neural regions identified as relating to risky behavior. This heterogeneity is likely due to the abundance of approaches used to assess risk taking, and to the disparity of fMRI tasks. Indeed, brain-behavior correlations were typically found in regions showing a main effect of task. However, results from a test of publication bias suggested that region of interest approaches lacked evidential value. The findings suggest that neural factors differentiating riskier teens are not localized to a single region. Therefore, approaches that utilize data from the entire brain, particularly in predictive analyses, may yield more reliable and applicable results. We discuss several decision points that researchers should consider when designing a study, and emphasize the importance of precise research questions that move beyond a general desire to address adolescent risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sherman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States.
| | | | - Jason Chein
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States
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16
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Sherman LE, Greenfield PM, Hernandez LM, Dapretto M. Peer Influence Via Instagram: Effects on Brain and Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. Child Dev 2017; 89:37-47. [PMID: 28612930 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mobile social media often feature the ability to "Like" content posted by others. This study examined the effect of Likes on youths' neural and behavioral responses to photographs. High school and college students (N = 61, ages 13-21) viewed theirs and others' Instagram photographs while undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Participants more often Liked photographs that appeared to have received many (vs. few) Likes. Popular photographs elicited greater activity in multiple brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a hub of the brain's reward circuitry. NAcc responsivity increased with age for high school but not college students. When viewing images depicting risk-taking (vs. nonrisky photographs), high school students, but not college students, showed decreased activation of neural regions implicated in cognitive control.
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17
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Parthasarathy S, Carskadon MA, Jean-Louis G, Owens J, Bramoweth A, Combs D, Hale L, Harrison E, Hart CN, Hasler BP, Honaker SM, Hertenstein E, Kuna S, Kushida C, Levenson JC, Murray C, Pack AI, Pillai V, Pruiksma K, Seixas A, Strollo P, Thosar SS, Williams N, Buysse D. Implementation of Sleep and Circadian Science: Recommendations from the Sleep Research Society and National Institutes of Health Workshop. Sleep 2016; 39:2061-2075. [PMID: 27748248 PMCID: PMC5103795 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary A. Carskadon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Adam Bramoweth
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel Combs
- UAHS Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook State University of New York, Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY
| | | | - Chantelle N. Hart
- Social and Behavioral Sciences and the Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Phildelphia, PA
| | - Brant P. Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah M. Honaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Samuel Kuna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Phildelphia, PA
| | | | - Jessica C. Levenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Caitlin Murray
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Allan I. Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Phildelphia, PA
| | - Vivek Pillai
- Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Kristi Pruiksma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Azizi Seixas
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Patrick Strollo
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvannia
| | - Saurabh S. Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Natasha Williams
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Buysse
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
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18
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Braams BR, Crone EA. Longitudinal Changes in Social Brain Development: Processing Outcomes for Friend and Self. Child Dev 2016; 88:1952-1965. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Leiden University
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)
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19
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Del Piero LB, Saxbe DE, Margolin G. Basic emotion processing and the adolescent brain: Task demands, analytic approaches, and trajectories of changes. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:174-89. [PMID: 27038840 PMCID: PMC4912905 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early neuroimaging studies suggested that adolescents show initial development in brain regions linked with emotional reactivity, but slower development in brain structures linked with emotion regulation. However, the increased sophistication of adolescent brain research has made this picture more complex. This review examines functional neuroimaging studies that test for differences in basic emotion processing (reactivity and regulation) between adolescents and either children or adults. We delineated different emotional processing demands across the experimental paradigms in the reviewed studies to synthesize the diverse results. The methods for assessing change (i.e., analytical approach) and cohort characteristics (e.g., age range) were also explored as potential factors influencing study results. Few unifying dimensions were found to successfully distill the results of the reviewed studies. However, this review highlights the potential impact of subtle methodological and analytic differences between studies, need for standardized and theory-driven experimental paradigms, and necessity of analytic approaches that are can adequately test the trajectories of developmental change that have recently been proposed. Recommendations for future research highlight connectivity analyses and non-linear developmental trajectories, which appear to be promising approaches for measuring change across adolescence. Recommendations are made for evaluating gender and biological markers of development beyond chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darby E Saxbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
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Saxbe D, Del Piero L, Margolin G. Neural correlates of parent-child HPA axis coregulation. Horm Behav 2015; 75:25-32. [PMID: 26188122 PMCID: PMC4648661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parents and children have been found to show coordination or coregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This coordination may be reflected in adolescents' neural activation to parent stimuli, particularly in regions of the brain associated with social information processing. This study reports on 22 adolescents (13 males, mean age 17years), recruited from a longitudinal study to participate in a functional MRI (fMRI) scanning protocol. Approximately 1.5years before the scan, these same adolescents participated in a family conflict discussion in the lab with both parents, and all three family members provided samples of salivary cortisol five times, before and after the discussion. Multilevel models found positive cross-sectional and time-lagged associations between parents' and youth cortisol. Empirical Bayes (EB) coefficients, extracted from these models to reflect the strength of the relationship between parent and adolescent cortisol, were tested in conjunction with adolescents' neural activation to video clips of their parents taken from the conflict discussion. For both mothers and fathers, youth who showed stronger cortisol coregulation with each parent (both in cross-sectional and time-lagged analyses) showed more activation to that same parent in posteromedial regions (precuneus, posterior cingulate, and retrosplenial cortex) that have been linked with social cognition, e.g. mentalizing about others' emotions. Youths' adrenocortical coregulation with their parents may be reflected in their neural processing of stimuli featuring those same parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby Saxbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States.
| | - Larissa Del Piero
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
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