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Akhgari A, Michel TM, Vafaee MS. Dendritic spines and their role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:489-502. [PMID: 38440811 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Since Cajal introduced dendritic spines in the 19th century, they have attained considerable attention, especially in neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders. Multiple roles of dendritic spine malfunction and pathology in the progression of various diseases have been reported. Thus, it is inevitable to consider these structures as new therapeutic targets for treating neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, dementia, Down syndrome, etc. Therefore, we attempted to prepare a narrative review of the literature regarding the role of dendritic spines in the pathogenesis of aforementioned diseases and to shed new light on their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisan Akhgari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Research Unit for Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Research Unit for Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
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2
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Cai Y, Wang LW, Wu J, Chen ZW, Yu XF, Liu FH, Gao DP. Fasudil alleviates alcohol-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal morphology injury partly by altering the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115068. [PMID: 38830386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-Related Brain Damage (ARBD) manifests predominantly as cognitive impairment and brain atrophy with the hippocampus showing particular vulnerability. Fasudil, a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, has established neuroprotective properties; however, its impact on alcohol-induced cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal structural damage remains unelucidated. This study probes Fasudil's neuroprotective potential and identifies its mechanism of action in an in vivo context. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to 30% (v/v, 6.0 g/kg) ethanol by intragastric administration for four weeks. Concurrently, these mice received a co-treatment with Fasudil through intraperitoneal injections at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day. Fasudil was found to mitigate alcohol-induced spatial and recognition memory deficits, which were quantified using Y maze, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tests. Concurrently, Fasudil attenuated hippocampal structural damage prompted by chronic alcohol exposure. Notably, Fasudil moderated alcohol-induced disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules-mechanisms central to the maintenance of hippocampal synaptic integrity. Collectively, our findings indicate that Fasudil partially reverses alcohol-induced cognitive and morphological detriments by modulating cytoskeletal dynamics, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for ARBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 666 Siming Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315500, PR China
| | - Lu-Wan Wang
- School of Medical, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 666 Siming Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315500, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 666 Siming Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315500, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 666 Siming Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315500, PR China
| | - Fu-He Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 666 Siming Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315500, PR China
| | - Da-Peng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Rd, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, PR China.
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3
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Yu L, Zeng F, Fan M, Zhang K, Duan J, Tan Y, Liao P, Wen J, Wang C, Wang M, Yuan J, Pang X, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Li JD, Zhang Z, Hu Z. PCDH17 restricts dendritic spine morphogenesis by regulating ROCK2-dependent control of the actin cytoskeleton, modulating emotional behavior. Zool Res 2024; 45:535-550. [PMID: 38747058 PMCID: PMC11188600 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of synapse formation and elimination is critical for establishing mature neuronal circuits and maintaining brain function. Synaptic abnormalities, such as defects in the density and morphology of postsynaptic dendritic spines, underlie the pathology of various neuropsychiatric disorders. Protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) is associated with major mood disorders, including bipolar disorder and depression. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PCDH17 regulates spine number, morphology, and behavior remain elusive. In this study, we found that PCDH17 functions at postsynaptic sites, restricting the number and size of dendritic spines in excitatory neurons. Selective overexpression of PCDH17 in the ventral hippocampal CA1 results in spine loss and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Mechanistically, PCDH17 interacts with actin-relevant proteins and regulates actin filament (F-actin) organization. Specifically, PCDH17 binds to ROCK2, increasing its expression and subsequently enhancing the activity of downstream targets such as LIMK1 and the phosphorylation of cofilin serine-3 (Ser3). Inhibition of ROCK2 activity with belumosudil (KD025) ameliorates the defective F-actin organization and spine structure induced by PCDH17 overexpression, suggesting that ROCK2 mediates the effects of PCDH17 on F-actin content and spine development. Hence, these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which PCDH17 regulates synapse development and behavior, providing pathological insights into the neurobiological basis of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laidong Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Mengshu Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kexuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yalu Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Panlin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jialong Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xinxin Pang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yangzhou Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jia-Da Li
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. E-mail:
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Neurosciences, University of South China Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China. E-mail:
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. E-mail:
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Li DC, Hinton EA, Guo J, Knight KA, Sequeira MK, Wynne ME, Dighe NM, Gourley SL. Social experience in adolescence shapes prefrontal cortex structure and function in adulthood. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02540-6. [PMID: 38580810 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
During adolescence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes dramatic reorganization. PFC development is profoundly influenced by the social environment, disruptions to which may prime the emergence of psychopathology across the lifespan. We investigated the neurobehavioral consequences of isolation experienced in adolescence in mice, and in particular, the long-term consequences that were detectable even despite normalization of the social milieu. Isolation produced biases toward habit-like behavior at the expense of flexible goal seeking, plus anhedonic-like reward deficits. Behavioral phenomena were accompanied by neuronal dendritic spine over-abundance and hyper-excitability in the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), which was necessary for the expression of isolation-induced habits and sufficient to trigger behavioral inflexibility in socially reared controls. Isolation activated cytoskeletal regulatory pathways otherwise suppressed during adolescence, such that repression of constituent elements prevented long-term isolation-induced neurosequelae. Altogether, our findings unveil an adolescent critical period and multi-model mechanism by which social experiences facilitate prefrontal cortical maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan C Li
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Hinton
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jidong Guo
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Michelle K Sequeira
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E Wynne
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Niharika M Dighe
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Hernandez AR, Barrett ME, Lubke KN, Maurer AP, Burke SN. A long-term ketogenic diet in young and aged rats has dissociable effects on prelimbic cortex and CA3 ensemble activity. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1274624. [PMID: 38155737 PMCID: PMC10753023 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1274624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-related cognitive decline has been linked to distinct patterns of cellular dysfunction in the prelimbic cortex (PL) and the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus. Because higher cognitive functions require both structures, selectively targeting a neurobiological change in one region, at the expense of the other, is not likely to restore normal behavior in older animals. One change with age that both the PL and CA3 share, however, is a reduced ability to utilize glucose, which can produce aberrant neural activity patterns. Methods The current study used a ketogenic diet (KD) intervention, which reduces the brain's reliance on glucose, and has been shown to improve cognition, as a metabolic treatment for restoring neural ensemble dynamics in aged rats. Expression of the immediate-early genes Arc and Homer1a were used to quantify the neural ensembles that were active in the home cage prior to behavior, during a working memory/biconditional association task, and a continuous spatial alternation task. Results Aged rats on the control diet had increased activity in CA3 and less ensemble overlap in PL between different task conditions than did the young animals. In the PL, the KD was associated with increased activation of neurons in the superficial cortical layers, establishing a clear link between dietary macronutrient content and frontal cortical activity. The KD did not lead to any significant changes in CA3 activity. Discussion These observations suggest that the availability of ketone bodies may permit the engagement of compensatory mechanisms in the frontal cortices that produce better cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi R. Hernandez
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Maya E. Barrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Katelyn N. Lubke
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew P. Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara N. Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Lingli C, Hongmei N, Penghuan J, Hongli Z, Yuye L, Rui W, Fei R, Zhihong Y, Dongfang H, Yaming G. Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway activity improves neural damage and cognitive deficits in the fluorosis model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115554. [PMID: 37806133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride intake poses health risks to humans and animals. Many studies have indicated that fluoride exposure can damage the cytoskeleton and synapses, which has negative effects on the intellectual development of humans and animals. Our previous study suggested that the RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway is activated by NaF exposure in HT-22 cells and plays a vital role in cytoskeletal assembly and synaptogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying RhoA/ROCK-mediated cytoskeletal injury induced by fluoride remains unclear. In this study, Neuro-2A cells and ICR mice were used to investigate the effects of RhoA/ROCK activation inhibition on NaF-induced synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. We detected the expression of GAP, RhoA, ROCK1/2, and (p)-MLC in vivo and in vitro model. The results showed that NaF exposure activated the RhoA/ROCK/MLC signalling pathway. We measured the effects of RhoA/ROCK inhibition on synaptic injury and intellectual impairment induced by NaF exposure. In vitro, Y-27632 suppressed activated RhoA/ROCK, attenuated morphological and ultrastructural damage, and decreased the survival rate and synapse-functional protein expression caused by NaF. In vivo, the results showed that the RhoA/ROCK/MLC pathway was inhibited by fasudil and improved pathological damage in the hippocampus, cognitive impairment, and decreased expression of neurofunctional proteins induced by NaF. Overall, these results suggest that fasudil and Y-27632 can reverse neurotoxicity caused by fluoride exposure. Furthermore, inhibition of RhoA/ROCK may be a future treatment for CNS injury, and more detailed studies on other neurodegenerative disease models are required to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lingli
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China; Postdoctoral Research and Development Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Ning Hongmei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Jia Penghuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Zhang Hongli
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Liu Yuye
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Wang Rui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Ren Fei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Yin Zhihong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Hu Dongfang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China
| | - Ge Yaming
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, 453003, China.
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Wu D, Zhu J, Yang F, Li R, Liu L, Liu D, Liu C, Qu X, Liu H, Ji M, Qin X, Hua L, Xiang Y. CTNNAL1 deficiency suppresses CFTR expression in HDM-induced asthma mouse model through ROCK1-CAL signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1618-1629. [PMID: 37715489 PMCID: PMC10579809 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of adhesion molecule catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1) in airway epithelial cells of asthma patients and house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma animal models was illustrated in our previous study. It is assumed to contribute to airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. In this work, we further explore the underlying mechanism of CTNNAL1 in asthma. CTNNAL1-silenced female mice exhibit a decreased level of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated and ATP-gated Cl - channel that correlates with mucus hypersecretion. Our previous study demonstrated that ROCK1 expression decreases but ROCK2 expression increases in the lungs of a CTNNAL1-silenced mouse model. Inhibition of ROCK1 leads to a reduction in CFTR expression in CTNNAL1-overexpressing and CTNNAL1-silenced human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. It has been reported that ROCK1 is a downstream target of RhoA and that activation of RhoA increases CFTR expression after CTNNAL1 deficiency in vitro and in vivo. The above results indicate that CTNNAL1 regulates CFTR expression through the ROCK1 pathway. In addition, the expression of CFTR-associated ligand (CAL) is increased after CTNNAL1 silencing, and immunoprecipitation results confirm the interaction between ROCK1 and CAL. Inhibition of CAL does not influence ROCK1 expression but increases CFTR expression in CTNNAL1-silenced HBE cells. These data suggest that CTNNAL1 deficiency decreases CFTR expression in the HDM-induced asthma mouse model through the ROCK1-CAL signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of MedicineFoshan UniversityFoshan528000China
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of MedicineFoshan UniversityFoshan528000China
| | - Riwang Li
- School of MedicineFoshan UniversityFoshan528000China
| | - Lexin Liu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Dahai Liu
- School of MedicineFoshan UniversityFoshan528000China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Lan Hua
- the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha410011China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
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8
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Rho-ROCK Pathway in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2023; 101:536-543. [PMID: 37722862 PMCID: PMC10516277 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
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9
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Lu W, Chen Z, Wen J. The role of RhoA/ROCK pathway in the ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115141. [PMID: 37437375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that ischemic stroke is the prominent cause of death and disability. To date, neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke represents a complex event, which is an essential process and affects the prognosis of both experimental stroke animals and stroke patients. Intense neuroinflammation occurring during the acute phase of stroke contributes to neuronal injury, BBB breakdown, and worse neurological outcomes. Inhibition of neuroinflammation may be a promising target in the development of new therapeutic strategies. RhoA is a small GTPase protein that activates a downstream effector, ROCK. The up-regulation of RhoA/ROCK pathway possesses important roles in promoting the neuroinflammation and mediating brain injury. In addition, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is another vital regulator of ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation through regulating the functions of microglial cells and astrocytes. After stroke onset, the microglial cells and astrocytes are activated and undergo the morphological and functional changes, thereby deeply participate in a complicated neuroinflammation cascade. In this review, we focused on the relationship among RhoA/ROCK pathway, NF-κB and glial cells in the neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke to reveal new strategies for preventing the intense neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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10
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Ansari MA, Al-Jarallah A, Babiker FA. Impaired Insulin Signaling Alters Mediators of Hippocampal Synaptic Dynamics/Plasticity: A Possible Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Cells 2023; 12:1728. [PMID: 37443762 PMCID: PMC10340300 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fawzi A. Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
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11
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Walker CK, Greathouse KM, Tuscher JJ, Dammer EB, Weber AJ, Liu E, Curtis KA, Boros BD, Freeman CD, Seo JV, Ramdas R, Hurst C, Duong DM, Gearing M, Murchison CF, Day JJ, Seyfried NT, Herskowitz JH. Cross-Platform Synaptic Network Analysis of Human Entorhinal Cortex Identifies TWF2 as a Modulator of Dendritic Spine Length. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3764-3785. [PMID: 37055180 PMCID: PMC10198456 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2102-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic studies using postmortem human brain tissue samples have yielded robust assessments of the aging and neurodegenerative disease(s) proteomes. While these analyses provide lists of molecular alterations in human conditions, like Alzheimer's disease (AD), identifying individual proteins that affect biological processes remains a challenge. To complicate matters, protein targets may be highly understudied and have limited information on their function. To address these hurdles, we sought to establish a blueprint to aid selection and functional validation of targets from proteomic datasets. A cross-platform pipeline was engineered to focus on synaptic processes in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of human patients, including controls, preclinical AD, and AD cases. Label-free quantification mass spectrometry (MS) data (n = 2260 proteins) was generated on synaptosome fractionated tissue from Brodmann area 28 (BA28; n = 58 samples). In parallel, dendritic spine density and morphology was measured in the same individuals. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to construct a network of protein co-expression modules that were correlated with dendritic spine metrics. Module-trait correlations were used to guide unbiased selection of Twinfilin-2 (TWF2), which was the top hub protein of a module that positively correlated with thin spine length. Using CRISPR-dCas9 activation strategies, we demonstrated that boosting endogenous TWF2 protein levels in primary hippocampal neurons increased thin spine length, thus providing experimental validation for the human network analysis. Collectively, this study describes alterations in dendritic spine density and morphology as well as synaptic proteins and phosphorylated tau from the entorhinal cortex of preclinical and advanced stage AD patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Proteomic studies can yield vast lists of molecules that are altered under various experimental or disease conditions. Here, we provide a blueprint to facilitate mechanistic validation of protein targets from human brain proteomic datasets. We conducted a proteomic analysis of human entorhinal cortex (EC) samples spanning cognitively normal and Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases with a comparison of dendritic spine morphology in the same samples. Network integration of proteomics with dendritic spine measurements allowed for unbiased discovery of Twinfilin-2 (TWF2) as a regulator of dendritic spine length. A proof-of-concept experiment in cultured neurons demonstrated that altering Twinfilin-2 protein level induced corresponding changes in dendritic spine length, thus providing experimental validation for the computational framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Walker
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kelsey M Greathouse
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jennifer J Tuscher
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Audrey J Weber
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Evan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kendall A Curtis
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Benjamin D Boros
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Cameron D Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jung Vin Seo
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Raksha Ramdas
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Cheyenne Hurst
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Charles F Murchison
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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12
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Hurst C, Pugh DA, Abreha MH, Duong DM, Dammer EB, Bennett DA, Herskowitz JH, Seyfried NT. Integrated Proteomics to Understand the Role of Neuritin (NRN1) as a Mediator of Cognitive Resilience to Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100542. [PMID: 37024090 PMCID: PMC10233303 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and pathways enabling certain individuals to remain cognitively normal despite high levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology remain incompletely understood. These cognitively normal people with AD pathology are described as preclinical or asymptomatic AD (AsymAD) and appear to exhibit cognitive resilience to the clinical manifestations of AD dementia. Here we present a comprehensive network-based approach from cases clinically and pathologically defined as asymptomatic AD to map resilience-associated pathways and extend mechanistic validation. Multiplex tandem mass tag MS (TMT-MS) proteomic data (n = 7787 proteins) was generated on brain tissue from Brodmann area 6 and Brodmann area 37 (n = 109 cases, n = 218 total samples) and evaluated by consensus weighted gene correlation network analysis. Notably, neuritin (NRN1), a neurotrophic factor previously linked to cognitive resilience, was identified as a hub protein in a module associated with synaptic biology. To validate the function of NRN1 with regard to the neurobiology of AD, we conducted microscopy and physiology experiments in a cellular model of AD. NRN1 provided dendritic spine resilience against amyloid-β (Aβ) and blocked Aβ-induced neuronal hyperexcitability in cultured neurons. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of resilience to Aβ provided by NRN1, we assessed how exogenous NRN1 alters the proteome by TMT-MS (n = 8238 proteins) of cultured neurons and integrated the results with the AD brain network. This revealed overlapping synapse-related biology that linked NRN1-induced changes in cultured neurons with human pathways associated with cognitive resilience. Collectively, this highlights the utility of integrating the proteome from the human brain and model systems to advance our understanding of resilience-promoting mechanisms and prioritize therapeutic targets that mediate resilience to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne Hurst
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Derian A Pugh
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Measho H Abreha
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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13
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Berryer MH, Rizki G, Nathanson A, Klein JA, Trendafilova D, Susco SG, Lam D, Messana A, Holton KM, Karhohs KW, Cimini BA, Pfaff K, Carpenter AE, Rubin LL, Barrett LE. High-content synaptic phenotyping in human cellular models reveals a role for BET proteins in synapse assembly. eLife 2023; 12:80168. [PMID: 37083703 PMCID: PMC10121225 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolving fundamental molecular and functional processes underlying human synaptic development is crucial for understanding normal brain function as well as dysfunction in disease. Based upon increasing evidence of species-divergent features of brain cell types, coupled with emerging studies of complex human disease genetics, we developed the first automated and quantitative high-content synaptic phenotyping platform using human neurons and astrocytes. To establish the robustness of our platform, we screened the effects of 376 small molecules on presynaptic density, neurite outgrowth, and cell viability, validating six small molecules that specifically enhanced human presynaptic density in vitro. Astrocytes were essential for mediating the effects of all six small molecules, underscoring the relevance of non-cell-autonomous factors in synapse assembly and their importance in synaptic screening applications. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors emerged as the most prominent hit class and global transcriptional analyses using multiple BET inhibitors confirmed upregulation of synaptic gene expression. Through these analyses, we demonstrate the robustness of our automated screening platform for identifying potent synaptic modulators, which can be further leveraged for scaled analyses of human synaptic mechanisms and drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Berryer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Gizem Rizki
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Anna Nathanson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jenny A Klein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Darina Trendafilova
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sara G Susco
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Daisy Lam
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Angelica Messana
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Kristina M Holton
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Kyle W Karhohs
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Beth A Cimini
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Kathleen Pfaff
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lindy E Barrett
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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14
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Chen L, Jia P, Liu Y, Wang R, Yin Z, Hu D, Ning H, Ge Y. Fluoride exposure disrupts the cytoskeletal arrangement and ATP synthesis of HT-22 cell by activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114718. [PMID: 36950989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride, an environmental contaminant, is ubiquitously present in air, water, and soil. It usually enters the body through drinking water and may cause structural and functional disorders in the central nervous system in humans and animals. Fluoride exposure affects cytoskeleton and neural function, but the mechanism is not clear. METHODS The specific neurotoxic mechanism of fluoride was explored in HT-22 cells. Cellular proliferation and toxicity detection were investigated by CCK-8, CCK-F, and cytotoxicity detection kits. The development morphology of HT-22 cells was observed under a light microscope. Cell membrane permeability and neurotransmitter content were determined using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate content determination kits, respectively. The ultrastructural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy, and actin homeostasis was observed by laser confocal microscopy. ATP enzyme and ATP activity were determined using the ATP content kit and ultramicro-total ATP enzyme content kit, respectively. The expression levels of GLUT1 and 3 were assessed by Western Blot assays and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that fluoride reduced the proliferation and survival rates of HT-22 cells. Cytomorphology showed that dendritic spines became shorter, cellular bodies became rounder, and adhesion decreased gradually after fluoride exposure. LDH results showed that fluoride exposure increased the membrane permeability of HT-22 cells. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that fluoride caused cells to swell, microvilli content decreased, cellular membrane integrity was damaged, chromatin was sparse, mitochondria ridge gap became wide, and microfilament and microtubule density decreased. Western Blot and qRT-PCR analyses showed that RhoA/ROCK/LIMK/Cofilin signaling pathway was activated by fluoride. F-actin/G-actin fluorescence intensity ratio remarkably increased in 0.125 and 0.5 mM NaF, and the mRNA expression of MAP2 was significantly decreased. Further studies showed that GLUT3 significantly increased in all fluoride groups, while GLUT1 decreased (p < 0.05). ATP contents remarkably increased, and ATP enzyme activity substantially decreased after NaF treatment with the control. CONCLUSION Fluoride activates the RhoA/ROCK/LIMK/Cofilin signaling pathway, impairs the ultrastructure, and depresses the connection of synapses in HT-22 cells. Moreover, fluoride exposure affects the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT1 and 3) and ATP synthesis. Sum up fluoride exposure disrupts actin homeostasis, ultimately affecting structure, and function in HT-22 cells. These findings support our previous hypothesis and provide a new perspective on the neurotoxic mechanism of fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China; Postdoctoral Research and Development Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China
| | - Penghuan Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China
| | - Yuye Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China
| | - Dongfang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China
| | - Hongmei Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China
| | - Yaming Ge
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Provence 453003, China.
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15
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Hernandez AR, Barrett ME, Lubke KN, Maurer AP, Burke SN. A long-term ketogenic diet in young and aged rats has dissociable effects on prelimbic cortex and CA3 ensemble activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.18.529095. [PMID: 36824737 PMCID: PMC9949134 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.529095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline has been linked to distinct patterns of cellular dysfunction in the prelimbic cortex (PL) and the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus. Because higher cognitive functions require both structures, selectively targeting a neurobiological change in one region, at the expense of the other, is not likely to restore normal behavior in older animals. One change with age that both the PL and CA3 share, however, is a reduced ability to utilize glucose, which can produce aberrant neural activity patterns. The current study used a ketogenic diet (KD) intervention, which reduces the brain’s reliance on glucose, and has been shown to improve cognition, as a metabolic treatment for restoring neural ensemble dynamics in aged rats. Expression of the immediate-early genes Arc and Homer 1a were used to quantify the neural ensembles that were active in the home cage prior to behavior, during a working memory/biconditional association task, and a continuous spatial alternation task. Aged rats on the control diet had increased activity in CA3 and less ensemble overlap in PL between different task conditions than did the young animals. In the PL, the KD was associated with increased activation of neurons in the superficial cortical layers. The KD did not lead to any significant changes in CA3 activity. These observations suggest that the KD does not restore neuron activation patterns in aged animals, but rather the availability of ketone bodies in the frontal cortices may permit the engagement of compensatory mechanisms that produce better cognitive outcomes. Significance Statement This study extends understanding of how a ketogenic diet (KD) intervention may improve cognitive function in older adults. Young and aged rats were given 3 months of a KD or a calorie-match control diet and then expression of the immediate-early genes Arc and Homer 1a were measured to examine neural ensemble dynamics during cognitive testing. The KD diet was associated with increased activation of neurons in the superficial layers of the PL, but there were no changes in CA3. These observations are significant because they suggest that compensatory mechanisms for improving cognition are engaged in the presence of elevated ketone bodies. This metabolic shift away from glycolysis can meet the energetic needs of the frontal cortices when glucose utilization is compromised.
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16
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Anchesi I, Betto F, Chiricosta L, Gugliandolo A, Pollastro F, Salamone S, Mazzon E. Cannabigerol Activates Cytoskeletal Remodeling via Wnt/PCP in NSC-34: An In Vitro Transcriptional Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:193. [PMID: 36616322 PMCID: PMC9823669 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa L. plant. In our study, CBG at the concentration of 10 µM was used to treat NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of CBG on NSC-34 cells, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Analysis showed the activation of the WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway and Ephrin-Eph signaling. The results revealed that CBG increases the expression of genes associated with the onset process of cytoskeletal remodeling and axon guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Anchesi
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Betto
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Salamone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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17
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Kan B, Dong Z, Tang Z, Zhao L, Li Z. Acupuncture Improves Synaptic Plasticity of SAMP8 Mice through the RhoA/ROCK Pathway. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:420-430. [PMID: 37723951 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230828095826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found synaptic plasticity damage to be an early marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). RhoA/ROCK pathway is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Acupuncture can significantly improve the cognitive state of AD. OBJECTIVE We aimed to use modern biological technology to detect the changes in synaptic plasticity and RhoA/ROCK pathway in SAMP8 mice, as well as the intervention effect of acupuncture. METHODS Morris water maze and electrophysiological techniques were used in vivo to detect the changes in spatial memory and LTP of mice. Golgi Cox staining and CASEVIEWER2.1 software were used to quantitatively analyze the changes in the morphology and number of dendritic spines in the hippocampus of mice. The activity of RhoA and ROCK2 in the hippocampus of mice was detected, respectively, by pull-down technique and ELISA. WB technique was used to detect the protein expression of ROCK2 and phosphorylation level of MLC2, LIMK2, and CRMP2 in the hippocampus of mice. RESULTS The neurobehavior and synaptic plasticity of 8-month-old SAMP8 mice were found to be significantly impaired. Acupuncture could improve the spatial learning and memory ability of SAMP8 mice, and partially prevent the reduction in the number of spines on the secondary branches of the apical dendrites in the hippocampus and the attenuation of LTP. The RhoA/ROCK pathway was significantly activated in the hippocampus of 8-month-old SAMP8 mice, and acupuncture had an inhibitory effect on it. CONCLUSION Acupuncture can improve synaptic plasticity by inhibiting the abnormal activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, and improve the spatial learning and memory ability of AD, so as to achieve the purpose of treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Kan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengjia Dong
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Tanaka R, Liao J, Hada K, Mori D, Nagai T, Matsuzaki T, Nabeshima T, Kaibuchi K, Ozaki N, Mizoguchi H, Yamada K. Inhibition of Rho-kinase ameliorates decreased spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex and methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice carrying schizophrenia-associated mutations of the Arhgap10 gene. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106589. [PMID: 36462727 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Copy-number variations in the ARHGAP10 gene encoding Rho GTPase-activating protein 10 are associated with schizophrenia. Model mice (Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice) that carry "double-hit" mutations in the Arhgap10 gene mimic the schizophrenia in a Japanese patient, exhibiting altered spine density, methamphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, and activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling. However, it remains unclear whether the activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling due to schizophrenia-associated Arhgap10 mutations causes the phenotypes of these model mice. Here, we investigated the effects of fasudil, a brain permeable Rho-kinase inhibitor, on altered spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and on methamphetamine-induced cognitive impairment in a touchscreen‑based visual discrimination task in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. Fasudil (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) suppressed the increased phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1, a substrate of Rho-kinase, in the striatum and mPFC of Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. In addition, daily oral administration of fasudil (20 mg/kg/day) for 7 days ameliorated the reduced spine density of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the mPFC. Moreover, fasudil (3-20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) rescued the methamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg)-induced cognitive impairment of visual discrimination in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. Our results suggest that Rho-kinase plays significant roles in the neuropathological changes in spine morphology and in the vulnerability of cognition to methamphetamine in mice with schizophrenia-associated Arhgap10 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinako Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Jingzhu Liao
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Matsuzaki
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0069, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1129, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0069, Japan.
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19
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FAK-Mediated Signaling Controls Amyloid Beta Overload, Learning and Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169055. [PMID: 36012331 PMCID: PMC9408823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is highly expressed in the central nervous system during development, where it regulates neurite outgrowth and axon guidance, but its role in the adult healthy and diseased brain, specifically in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is largely unknown. Using the 3xTg-AD mouse model, which carries three mutations associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (APP KM670/671NL Swedish, PSEN1 M146V, MAPT P301L) and develops age-related progressive neuropathology including amyloid plaques and Tau tangles, we describe here, for the first time, the in vivo role of FAK in AD pathology. Our data demonstrate that while site-specific knockdown in the hippocampi of 3xTg-AD mice has no effect on learning and memory, hippocampal overexpression of the protein leads to a significant decrease in learning and memory capabilities, which is accompanied by a significant increase in amyloid β (Aβ) load. Furthermore, neuronal morphology is altered following hippocampal overexpression of FAK in these mice. High-throughput proteomics analysis of total and phosphorylated proteins in the hippocampi of FAK overexpressing mice indicates that FAK controls AD-like phenotypes by inhibiting cytoskeletal remodeling in neurons which results in morphological changes, by increasing Tau hyperphosphorylation, and by blocking astrocyte differentiation. FAK activates cell cycle re-entry and consequent cell death while downregulating insulin signaling, thereby increasing insulin resistance and leading to oxidative stress. Our data provide an overview of the signaling networks by which FAK regulates AD pathology and identify FAK as a novel therapeutic target for treating AD.
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Li JM, Yang FH, Chao MW, Tseng CY. Swimming exercise prevents hippocampal dendritic spine changes and memory loss caused by aging: An application of a new semi-automated spine analysis software. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 121:103755. [PMID: 35850447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, ratchet-like protrusions on neuronal dendrites that form synapses for receiving neuronal messages. Dendritic spine morphology is associated with synapse function. If neurons degrade or are damaged, the spine morphology of neurons changes. Given that most commercially available spine analysis software is expensive and complex, this study investigated a semi-automated spine analysis software, CTSpine, and used previously published data to verify the accuracy of the analysis results of this software. We also applied CTSpine to understand whether aging causes alterations in the hippocampal spine morphology and whether physical exercise can impede dendritic spine changes in 20 male Sprague Dawley rats. The spines of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region in the aging group were more enriched in filopodium type pattern than those in the control group, whereas the spines of the exercised aging group showed a similar pattern to that of the control. No significant changes were observed in neuronal dendritic spines in other hippocampal regions. However, long-term hippocampal memory was considerably decreased in the aging group, which was reversed to some extent in the exercised aging group. CTSpine, a self-developed semi-automatic spine analysis software, showed results similar to those noted in published data and can be effectively applied to the study of dendritic patterns, including neurodevelopment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Li
- Psychiatry Department, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 168, Zhongxing Rd., Longtan Dist, Taoyuan City 32551, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Hua Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Wei Chao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
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21
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Lapresa R, Agulla J, Gonzalez-Guerrero S, Bolaños JP, Almeida A. Amyloid-β Induces Cdh1-Mediated Rock2 Stabilization Causing Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:884470. [PMID: 35496276 PMCID: PMC9047900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.884470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, which is causally related to the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates. The dendritic spine regulator Rho protein kinase 2 (Rock2) accumulates in the brain at the earliest stages of AD and remains increased during disease progression. However, the molecular mechanism that upregulates Rock2 in AD, and its role in the disease progression, are unknown. Here, we found that oligomers of the amyloidogenic fragment 25–35 of the Aβ peptide (Aβ25-35) trigger Rock2 accumulation and activation in mouse cortical neurons in primary culture and in mouse hippocampus in vivo. Neuronal apoptotic death and memory impairment caused by Aβ25-35 administration were rescued by genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Rock2 activity. Mechanistically, Aβ25-35 elicited cyclin dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5)-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1, a cofactor that is essential for the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in neurons. Notably, phosphorylated Cdh1 was disassembled from the APC/C complex, causing its inactivation and subsequent Rock2 protein stabilization and activation. Moreover, Aβ25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis was prevented by expressing a phosphodefective form of Cdh1, but not by a phosphomimetic Cdh1. Finally, Cdh1 inactivation, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, enhanced Aβ25-35-mediated neuronal death through a mechanism that was prevented by inhibition of Rock2 activity. These results indicate that the Cdk5-Cdh1 signaling pathway accounts for the increased Rock2 activity by amyloidogenic Aβ peptides and that this mechanism may contribute to neurodegeneration and memory loss in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lapresa
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Agulla
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Gonzalez-Guerrero
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P. Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Angeles Almeida,
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22
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Weber AJ, Adamson AB, Greathouse KM, Andrade JP, Freeman CD, Seo JV, Rae RJ, Walker CK, Herskowitz JH. Conditional deletion of ROCK2 induces anxiety-like behaviors and alters dendritic spine density and morphology on CA1 pyramidal neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:169. [PMID: 34794469 PMCID: PMC8600782 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinase isoform 2 (ROCK2) is an attractive drug target for several neurologic disorders. A critical barrier to ROCK2-based research and therapeutics is the lack of a mouse model that enables investigation of ROCK2 with spatial and temporal control of gene expression. To overcome this, we generated ROCK2fl/fl mice. Mice expressing Cre recombinase in forebrain excitatory neurons (CaMKII-Cre) were crossed with ROCK2fl/fl mice (Cre/ROCK2fl/fl), and the contribution of ROCK2 in behavior as well as dendritic spine morphology in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and basolateral amygdala (BLA) was examined. Cre/ROCK2fl/fl mice spent reduced time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and increased time in the dark of the light-dark box test compared to littermate controls. These results indicated that Cre/ROCK2fl/fl mice exhibited anxiety-like behaviors. To examine dendritic spine morphology, individual pyramidal neurons in CA1 hippocampus, mPFC, and the BLA were targeted for iontophoretic microinjection of fluorescent dye, followed by high-resolution confocal microscopy and neuronal 3D reconstructions for morphometry analysis. In dorsal CA1, Cre/ROCK2fl/fl mice displayed significantly increased thin spine density on basal dendrites and reduced mean spine head volume across all spine types on apical dendrites. In ventral CA1, Cre/ROCK2fl/fl mice exhibited significantly increased spine length on apical dendrites. Spine density and morphology were comparable in the mPFC and BLA between both genotypes. These findings suggest that neuronal ROCK2 mediates spine density and morphology in a compartmentalized manner among CA1 pyramidal cells, and that in the absence of ROCK2 these mechanisms may contribute to anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Weber
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ashley B Adamson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kelsey M Greathouse
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Julia P Andrade
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Cameron D Freeman
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jung Vin Seo
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rosaria J Rae
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Courtney K Walker
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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23
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Martín-Cámara O, Cores Á, López-Alvarado P, Menéndez JC. Emerging targets in drug discovery against neurodegenerative diseases: Control of synapsis disfunction by the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113742. [PMID: 34388381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic spine morphology is controlled by the activity of Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA, which need to be finely balanced, and in particular RhoA/ROCK prevents the formation of new protrusions by stabilizing actin formation. These processes are crucial to the maturation process, slowing the de novo generation of new spines. The RhoA/ROCK also influences plasticity processes, and selective modulation by ROCK1 of MLC-dependent actin dynamics leads to neurite retraction, but not to spine retraction. ROCK1 is also responsible for the reduction of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. These and other evidences suggest that ROCK1 is the main isoform acting on the presynaptic neuron. On the other hand, ROCK2 seems to have broad effects on LIMK/cofilin-dependent plasticity processes such as cofilin-dependent PSD changes. The RhoA/ROCK pathway is an important factor in several different brain-related pathologies via both downstream and upstream pathways. In the aggregate, these evidences show that the RhoA/ROCK pathway has a central role in the etiopathogenesis of a large group of CNS diseases, which underscores the importance of the pharmacological modulation of RhoA/ROCK as an important pathway to drug discovery in the neurodegenerative disease area. This article aims at providing the first review of the role of compounds acting on the RhoA/ROCK pathway in the control of synaptic disfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olmo Martín-Cámara
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Alvarado
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Cai R, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zou Q, Pu Y, Yu C, Cai Z. Role of RhoA/ROCK signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113481. [PMID: 34302876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK), a serine/threonine kinase regulated by the small GTPase RhoA, is involved in regulating cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Numerous studies have shown that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway can promote Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurrence. ROCK activation increases β-secretase activity and promotes amyloid-beta (Aβ) production; moreover, Aβ further activates ROCK. This is suggestive of a possible positive feedback role for Aβ and ROCK. Moreover, ROCK activation promotes the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and abnormal synaptic contraction. Additionally, ROCK activation can promote the neuroinflammatory response by activating microglia and astrocytes to release inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, ROCK is a promising drug target in AD; further, there is a need to elucidate the specific mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuoLan Cai
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - YangYang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - ZhenTing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - YinShuang Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China.
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25
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Saray H, Süer C, Koşar B, Tan B, Dursun N. Rho-associated kinases contribute to the regulation of tau phosphorylation and amyloid metabolism during neuronal plasticity. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1303-1314. [PMID: 34060063 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural plasticity under physiological condition develops together with normal tau phosphorylation and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. Since restoration of PI3-kinase signaling has therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, we investigated plasticity-related changes in tau and APP metabolism by the selective Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. METHODS Field potentials composed of a field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) and a population spike (PS) were recorded from a granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Plasticity of synaptic strength and neuronal function was induced by strong tetanic stimulation (HFS) and low-frequency stimulation (LFS) patterns. Infusions of saline or fasudil were given for 1 h starting from the application of the induction protocols. Total and phosphorylated tau levels and soluble APPα levels were measured in the hippocampus, which was removed after at least 1 h post-induction period. RESULTS Fasudil infusion resulted in attenuation of fEPSP slope and PS amplitude in response to both HFS and LFS. Fasudil reduced total tau and phosphorylated tau at residue Thr181 in the HFS-stimulated hippocampus, while Thr231 phosphorylation was reduced by fasudil treatment in the LFS-stimulated hippocampus. Ser416 phosphorylation was increased by fasudil treatment in both HFS- and LFS-stimulated hippocampus. Fasudil significantly increased soluble APPα in LFS-stimulated hippocampus, but not in HFS-stimulated hippocampus. CONCLUSION In light of our findings, we suggest that increased activity of Rho kinase could trigger a mechanism that goes awry during synaptic plasticity which is reversed by a Rho-kinase inhibitor. Thus, Rho-kinase inhibition might be a therapeutic target in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Saray
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cem Süer
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Bilal Koşar
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burak Tan
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Dursun
- Physiology Department of the Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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26
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Zheng K, Hu F, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zheng J, Lai C, Xiong W, Cui K, Hu YZ, Han ZT, Zhang HH, Chen JG, Man HY, Liu D, Lu Y, Zhu LQ. miR-135a-5p mediates memory and synaptic impairments via the Rock2/Adducin1 signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1903. [PMID: 33771994 PMCID: PMC7998005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but most abnormally expressed miRNAs found in AD are not regulated by synaptic activity. Here we report that dysfunction of miR-135a-5p/Rock2/Add1 results in memory/synaptic disorder in a mouse model of AD. miR-135a-5p levels are significantly reduced in excitatory hippocampal neurons of AD model mice. This decrease is tau dependent and mediated by Foxd3. Inhibition of miR-135a-5p leads to synaptic disorder and memory impairments. Furthermore, excess Rock2 levels caused by loss of miR-135a-5p plays an important role in the synaptic disorder of AD via phosphorylation of Ser726 on adducin 1 (Add1). Blocking the phosphorylation of Ser726 on Add1 with a membrane-permeable peptide effectively rescues the memory impairments in AD mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that synaptic-related miR-135a-5p mediates synaptic/memory deficits in AD via the Rock2/Add1 signaling pathway, illuminating a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ke Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Tao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Youming Lu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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27
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Weber AJ, Herskowitz JH. Perspectives on ROCK2 as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:636017. [PMID: 33790742 PMCID: PMC8005730 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.636017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase isoform 2 (ROCK2) is a member of the AGC family of serine/threonine kinases and an extensively studied regulator of actin-mediated cytoskeleton contractility. Over the past decade, new evidence has emerged that suggests ROCK2 regulates autophagy. Recent studies indicate that dysregulation of autophagy contributes to the development of misfolded tau aggregates among entorhinal cortex (EC) excitatory neurons in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the accumulation of tau oligomers and fibrils is toxic to neurons, autophagy facilitates the degradation of these pathologic species and represents a major cellular pathway for tau disposal in neurons. ROCK2 is expressed in excitatory neurons and pharmacologic inhibition of ROCK2 can induce autophagy pathways. In this mini-review, we explore potential mechanisms by which ROCK2 mediates autophagy and actin dynamics and discuss how these pathways represent therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy H. Herskowitz
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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28
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Qu W, Suazo KF, Liu W, Cheng S, Jeong A, Hottman D, Yuan LL, Distefano MD, Li L. Neuronal Protein Farnesylation Regulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Function. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1128-1144. [PMID: 33098528 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a post-translational lipid modification that governs a variety of important cellular signaling pathways, including those regulating synaptic functions and cognition in the nervous system. Two enzymes, farnesyltransferase (FT) and geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGT), are essential for the prenylation process. Genetic reduction of FT or GGT ameliorates neuropathology but only FT haplodeficiency rescues cognitive function in transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease. A follow-up study showed that systemic or forebrain neuron-specific deficiency of GGT leads to synaptic and cognitive deficits under physiological conditions. Whether FT plays different roles in shaping neuronal functions and cognition remains elusive. This study shows that in contrast to the detrimental effects of GGT reduction, systemic haplodeficiency of FT has little to no impact on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognition. However, forebrain neuron-specific FT deletion also leads to reduced synaptic plasticity, memory retention, and hippocampal dendritic spine density. Furthermore, a novel prenylomic analysis identifies distinct pools of prenylated proteins that are affected in the brain of forebrain neuron-specific FT and GGT knockout mice, respectively. Taken together, this study uncovers that physiological levels of FT and GGT in neurons are essential for normal synaptic/cognitive functions and that the prenylation status of specific signaling molecules regulates neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kiall F Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility (MTRF) 4-208, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility (MTRF) 4-208, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Angela Jeong
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility (MTRF) 4-208, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David Hottman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility (MTRF) 4-208, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Li-Lian Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility (MTRF) 4-208, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Patnaik A, Zagrebelsky M, Korte M, Holz A. Signaling via the p75 neurotrophin receptor facilitates amyloid-β-induced dendritic spine pathology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13322. [PMID: 32770070 PMCID: PMC7415136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse and dendritic spine loss induced by amyloid-β oligomers is one of the main hallmarks of the early phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is directly correlated with the cognitive decline typical of this pathology. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) binds amyloid-β oligomers in the nM range. While it was shown that µM concentrations of amyloid-β mediate cell death, the role and intracellular signaling of p75NTR for dendritic spine pathology induced by sublethal concentrations of amyloid-β has not been analyzed. We describe here p75NTR as a crucial binding partner in mediating effects of soluble amyloid-β oligomers on dendritic spine density and structure in non-apoptotic hippocampal neurons. Removing or over-expressing p75NTR in neurons rescues or exacerbates the typical loss of dendritic spines and their structural alterations observed upon treatment with nM concentrations of amyloid-β oligomers. Moreover, we show that binding of amyloid-β oligomers to p75NTR activates the RhoA/ROCK signaling cascade resulting in the fast stabilization of the actin spinoskeleton. Our results describe a role for p75NTR and downstream signaling events triggered by binding of amyloid-β oligomers and causing dendritic spine pathology. These observations further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying one of the main early neuropathological hallmarks of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisarika Patnaik
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology, TU Braunschweig, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marta Zagrebelsky
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology, TU Braunschweig, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology, TU Braunschweig, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
- Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Holz
- Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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30
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Wang Y, Song X, Wang Y, Huang L, Luo W, Li F, Qin S, Wang Y, Xiao J, Wu Y, Jin F, Kitazato K, Wang Y. Dysregulation of cofilin-1 activity-the missing link between herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:381-396. [PMID: 32715819 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1794789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease triggered by environmental factors in combination with genetic predisposition. Infectious agents, in particular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), are gradually being recognised as important factors affecting the development of AD. However, the mechanism linking HSV-1 and AD remains unknown. Of note, HSV-1 manipulates the activity of cofilin-1 to ensure their efficient infection in neuron cells. Cofilin-1, the main regulator of actin cytoskeleton reorganization, is implicating for the plastic of dendritic spines and axon regeneration of neuronal cells. Moreover, dysfunction of cofilin-1 is observed in most AD patients, as well as in mice with AD and ageing. Further, inhibition of cofilin-1 activity ameliorates the host cognitive impairment in an animal model of AD. Together, dysregulation of cofilin-1 led by HSV-1 infection is a potential link between HSV-1 and AD. Herein, we critically summarize the role of cofilin-1-mediated actin dynamics in both HSV-1 infection and AD, respectively. We also propose several hypotheses regarding the connecting roles of cofilin-1 dysregulation in HSV-1 infection and AD. Our review provides a foundation for future studies targeting individuals carrying HSV-1 in combination with cofilin-1 to promote a more individualised approach for treatment and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, The First affiliated hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lianzhou Huang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weisheng Luo
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shurong Qin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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31
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Nakata J, Akiba Y, Nihara J, Thant L, Eguchi K, Kato H, Izumi K, Ohkura M, Otake M, Kakihara Y, Saito I, Saeki M. ROCK inhibitors enhance bone healing by promoting osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:547-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Webb WM, Irwin AB, Pepin ME, Henderson BW, Huang V, Butler AA, Herskowitz JH, Wende AR, Cash AE, Lubin FD. The SETD6 Methyltransferase Plays an Essential Role in Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Formation. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:577-587. [PMID: 31378303 PMCID: PMC6906268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic mechanisms are critical for hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Building on previous studies that implicate the N-lysine methyltransferase SETD6 in the activation of nuclear factor-κB RELA (also known as transcription factor p65) as an epigenetic recruiter, we hypothesized that SETD6 is a key player in the epigenetic control of long-term memory. METHODS Using a series of molecular, biochemical, imaging, electrophysiological, and behavioral experiments, we interrogated the effects of short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Setd6 in the rat dorsal hippocampus during memory consolidation. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that SETD6 is necessary for memory-related nuclear factor-κB RELA methylation at lysine 310 and associated increases in H3K9me2 (histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation) in the dorsal hippocampus and that SETD6 knockdown interferes with memory consolidation, alters gene expression patterns, and disrupts spine morphology. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that SETD6 plays a critical role in memory formation and may act as an upstream initiator of H3K9me2 changes in the hippocampus during memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Webb
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ashleigh B Irwin
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark E Pepin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Benjamin W Henderson
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victoria Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anderson A Butler
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andrew E Cash
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Zhang Z, Xu Y, Chi S, Cui L. MicroRNA-582-5p Reduces Propofol-induced Apoptosis in Developing Neurons by Targeting ROCK1. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 17:140-146. [PMID: 32031069 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666200207124817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is an intravenous drug commonly used in anesthesia procedures and intensive care in children. However, it also has neurotoxic effects on children. MicroRNA plays an important role in neurological diseases and neurotoxicity. METHODS In this study, primary rat hippocampal neurons were used to investigate the role of miR- 582-5p in propofol-induced neurotoxicity. Cell viability was monitored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)- 2,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while the expression of proteins was monitored by real-time quantitation polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. TargetScan and double luciferase report assay were used to predict the targeting relationship between miR-582-5p and Rho-associated serine-threonine protein kinase 1 (ROCK1). RESULTS In the present study, the viability of neurons and the expression of miR-582-5p were decreased in a time-dependent manner after propofol treatment. Besides, miR-582-5p overexpression significantly reduced the toxicity of propofol on neuron cells but had no significant effect on normal nerve cells. In addition, miR-582-5p overexpression significantly reversed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9) induced by propofol but had no significant effect in normal nerve cells. TargetScan and Dual-luciferase report assay revealed that ROCK1 was a targeted regulatory gene for miR-582-5p, and propofol treatment up-regulated ROCK1 expression by inhibiting miR-582-5p expression. Notably, miR-582-5p overexpression significantly increased cell viability, while ROCK1 overexpression reversed the effect of miR-582- 5p. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-582-5p alleviated propofol-induced apoptosis of newborn rat neurons by inhibiting ROCK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, 132000, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, 132000, China
| | - Songyuan Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, 132000, China
| | - Longji Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, 132000, China
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34
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Sharma P, Roy K. ROCK-2-selective targeting and its therapeutic outcomes. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:446-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Canet G, Pineau F, Zussy C, Hernandez C, Hunt H, Chevallier N, Perrier V, Torrent J, Belanoff JK, Meijer OC, Desrumaux C, Givalois L. Glucocorticoid receptors signaling impairment potentiates amyloid-β oligomers-induced pathology in an acute model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2019; 34:1150-1168. [PMID: 31914623 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900723rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with elevated circulating glucocorticoids (GC) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) signaling impairment. However, the precise role of GR in the pathophysiology of AD remains unclear. Using an acute model of AD induced by the intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β oligomers (oAβ), we analyzed cellular and behavioral hallmarks of AD, GR signaling pathways, processing of amyloid precursor protein, and enzymes involved in Tau phosphorylation. We focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), particularly rich in GR, early altered in AD and involved in HPA axis control and cognitive functions. We found that oAβ impaired cognitive and emotional behaviors, increased plasma GC levels, synaptic deficits, apoptosis and neuroinflammatory processes. Moreover, oAβ potentiated the amyloidogenic pathway and enzymes involved both in Tau hyperphosphorylation and GR activation. Treatment with a selective GR modulator (sGRm) normalized plasma GC levels and all behavioral and biochemical parameters analyzed. GR seems to occupy a central position in the pathophysiology of AD. Deregulation of the HPA axis and a feed-forward effect on PFC GR sensitivity could participate in the etiology of AD, in perturbing Aβ and Tau homeostasis. These results also reinforce the therapeutic potential of sGRm in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Pineau
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Charleine Zussy
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Célia Hernandez
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Hazel Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Nathalie Chevallier
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Perrier
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Joan Torrent
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | | | - Onno C Meijer
- Einthoven Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Desrumaux
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, INSERM U1198, Team Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France
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Hernandez AR, Hernandez CM, Truckenbrod LM, Campos KT, McQuail JA, Bizon JL, Burke SN. Age and Ketogenic Diet Have Dissociable Effects on Synapse-Related Gene Expression Between Hippocampal Subregions. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:239. [PMID: 31607897 PMCID: PMC6755342 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of individuals living beyond the age of 65 is rapidly increasing, so is the need to develop strategies to combat the age-related cognitive decline that may threaten independent living. Although the link between altered neuronal signaling and age-related cognitive impairments is not completely understood, it is evident that declining cognitive abilities are at least partially due to synaptic dysfunction. Aging is accompanied by well-documented changes in both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic signaling across species. Age-related synaptic alterations are not uniform across the brain, however, with different regions showing unique patterns of vulnerability in advanced age. In the hippocampus, increased activity within the CA3 subregion has been observed across species, and this can be reversed with anti-epileptic medication. In contrast to CA3, the dentate gyrus shows reduced activity with age and declining metabolic activity. Ketogenic diets have been shown to decrease seizure incidence and severity in epilepsy, improve metabolic function in diabetes type II, and improve cognitive function in aged rats. This link between neuronal activity and metabolism suggests that metabolic interventions may be able to ameliorate synaptic signaling deficits accompanying advanced age. We therefore investigated the ability of a dietary regimen capable of inducing nutritional ketosis and improving cognition to alter synapse-related gene expression across the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 subregions of the hippocampus. Following 12 weeks of a ketogenic or calorie-matched standard diet, RTq-PCR was used to quantify expression levels of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic signaling genes within CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus. While there were no age or diet-related changes in CA1 gene expression, expression levels were significantly altered within CA3 by age and within the dentate gyrus by diet for several genes involved in presynaptic glutamate regulation and postsynaptic excitation and plasticity. These data demonstrate subregion-specific alterations in synaptic signaling with age and the potential for a ketogenic diet to alter these processes in dissociable ways across different brain structures that are uniquely vulnerable in older animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi R. Hernandez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Caesar M. Hernandez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leah M. Truckenbrod
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Keila T. Campos
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph A. McQuail
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Bizon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara N. Burke
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Vo HT, Phillips ML, Herskowitz JH, King GD. Klotho deficiency affects the spine morphology and network synchronization of neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:1-11. [PMID: 30991103 PMCID: PMC6613977 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho-deficient mice rapidly develop cognitive impairment and show some evidence of the onset of neurodegeneration. However, it is impossible to investigate the long-term consequences on the brain because of the dramatic shortening of lifespan caused by systemic klotho deficiency. As klotho expression is downregulated with advancing organismal age, understanding the mechanisms of klotho action is important for developing novel strategies to support healthy brain aging. Previously, we reported that klotho-deficient mice show enhanced long-term potentiation prior to the onset of cognitive impairment. To inform this unusual phenotype, herein, we examined neuronal structure and in vitro synaptic function. Our results indicate that klotho deficiency causes the population of dendritic spines to shift towards increased head diameter and decreased length consistent with mature, mushroom type spines. Multi-electrode array recordings from klotho-deficient neurons show increased synchronous firing and activity changes reflective of increased neuronal network activity. Supplementation of the neuronal growth media with recombinant shed klotho corrected some but not all of the activity changes caused by klotho deficiency. Last, in vivo we found that klotho-deficient mice have a decreased latency to induced seizure activity. Together these data show that klotho-deficient memory impairments are underpinned by structural and functional changes that may preclude ongoing normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai T Vo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd. Shelby 913, Birmingham 35294, AL, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd. Shelby 913, Birmingham 35294, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd. Shelby 1114, Birmingham 35294, AL, USA
| | - Gwendalyn D King
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd. Shelby 913, Birmingham 35294, AL, USA.
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Henderson BW, Greathouse KM, Ramdas R, Walker CK, Rao TC, Bach SV, Curtis KA, Day JJ, Mattheyses AL, Herskowitz JH. Pharmacologic inhibition of LIMK1 provides dendritic spine resilience against β-amyloid. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaaw9318. [PMID: 31239325 PMCID: PMC7088434 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw9318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapies predominantly focus on β-amyloid (Aβ), but Aβ effects may be maximal before clinical symptoms appear. Downstream of Aβ, dendritic spine loss correlates most strongly with cognitive decline in AD. Rho-associated kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) regulate the actin cytoskeleton, and ROCK1 and ROCK2 protein abundances are increased in early AD. Here, we found that the increased abundance of ROCK1 in cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons reduced dendritic spine length through a myosin-based pathway, whereas the increased abundance of ROCK2 induced spine loss through the serine and threonine kinase LIMK1. Aβ42 oligomers can activate ROCKs. Here, using static imaging studies combined with multielectrode array analyses, we found that the ROCK2-LIMK1 pathway mediated Aβ42-induced spine degeneration and neuronal hyperexcitability. Live-cell microscopy revealed that pharmacologic inhibition of LIMK1 rendered dendritic spines resilient to Aβ42 oligomers. Treatment of hAPP mice with a LIMK1 inhibitor rescued Aβ-induced hippocampal spine loss and morphologic aberrations. Our data suggest that therapeutically targeting LIMK1 may provide dendritic spine resilience to Aβ and therefore may benefit cognitively normal patients that are at high risk for developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Henderson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kelsey M Greathouse
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Raksha Ramdas
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Courtney K Walker
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tejeshwar C Rao
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Svitlana V Bach
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kendall A Curtis
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Yan J, Pan Y, Zheng X, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Shi G, Yao L, Chen Y, Xu N. Comparative Study of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in Hippocampal Spine Formation and Synaptic Function. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:649-660. [PMID: 30826947 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that act downstream of small Rho GTPases to regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. Two ROCK isoforms (ROCK1 and ROCK2) are expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. Although ROCK activity has been implicated in synapse formation, whether the distinct ROCK isoforms have different roles in synapse formation and function in vivo is not clear. Here, we used a genetic approach to address this long-standing question. Both Rock1+/- and Rock2+/- mice had impaired glutamatergic transmission, reduced spine density, and fewer excitatory synapses in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. In addition, both Rock1+/- and Rock2+/- mice showed deficits in long-term potentiation at hippocampal CA1 synapses and were impaired in spatial learning and memory based on the water maze and contextual fear conditioning tests. However, the spine morphology of CA1 pyramidal neurons was altered only in Rock2+/- but not Rock1+/- mice. In this study we compared the roles of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in synapse formation and function in vivo for the first time. Our results provide a better understanding of the functions of distinct ROCK isoforms in synapse formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Yan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Youcan Pan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanan Zhu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoqi Shi
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Boros BD, Greathouse KM, Gearing M, Herskowitz JH. Dendritic spine remodeling accompanies Alzheimer's disease pathology and genetic susceptibility in cognitively normal aging. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 73:92-103. [PMID: 30339964 PMCID: PMC6251733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Subtle alterations in dendritic spine morphology can induce marked effects on connectivity patterns of neuronal circuits and subsequent cognitive behavior. Past studies of rodent and nonhuman primate aging revealed reductions in spine density with concomitant alterations in spine morphology among pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex. In this report, we visualized and digitally reconstructed the three-dimensional morphology of dendritic spines from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cognitively normal individuals aged 40-94 years. Linear models defined relationships between spines and age, Mini-Mental State Examination, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Similar to findings in other mammals, spine density correlated negatively with human aging. Reduced spine head diameter associated with higher Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Individuals harboring an APOE ε4 allele displayed greater numbers of dendritic filopodia and structural alterations in thin spines. The presence of AD pathology correlated with increased spine length, reduced thin spine head diameter, and increased filopodia density. Our study reveals how spine morphology in the prefrontal cortex changes in human aging and highlights key structural alterations in selective spine populations that may promote cognitively normal function despite harboring the APOE ε4 allele or AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Boros
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kelsey M Greathouse
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology, Department of Neurology, Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Greathouse KM, Boros BD, Deslauriers JF, Henderson BW, Curtis KA, Gentry EG, Herskowitz JH. Distinct and complementary functions of rho kinase isoforms ROCK1 and ROCK2 in prefrontal cortex structural plasticity. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4227-4241. [PMID: 30196430 PMCID: PMC6252131 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) 1 and 2 are attractive drug targets for a range of neurologic disorders; however, a critical barrier to ROCK-based therapeutics is ambiguity over whether there are isoform-specific roles for ROCKs in neuronal structural plasticity. Here, we used a genetics approach to address this long-standing question by analyzing both male and female adult ROCK1+/- and ROCK2+/- mice compared to littermate controls. Individual pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were targeted for iontophoretic microinjection of fluorescent dye, followed by high-resolution confocal microscopy and neuronal 3D reconstructions for morphometry analysis. Increased apical and basal dendritic length and intersections were observed in ROCK1+/- but not ROCK2+/- mice. Although dendritic spine densities were comparable among genotypes, apical spine length was decreased in ROCK1+/- but increased in ROCK2+/- mice. Spine head and neck diameter were reduced similarly in ROCK1+/- and ROCK2+/- mice; however, certain spine morphologic subclasses were more affected than others in a genotype-dependent manner. Biochemical analyses of ROCK substrates in synaptic fractions revealed that phosphorylation of LIM kinase and cofilin were reduced in ROCK1+/- and ROCK2+/- mice, while phosphorylation of myosin light chain was decreased exclusively in ROCK1+/- mice. Collectively, these observations implicate ROCK1 as a novel regulatory factor of neuronal dendritic structure and detail distinct and complementary roles of ROCKs in mPFC dendritic spine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Greathouse
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Benjamin D Boros
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Josue F Deslauriers
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Benjamin W Henderson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kendall A Curtis
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Erik G Gentry
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Synaptotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Involved a Dysregulation of Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics through Cofilin 1 Phosphorylation. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10349-10361. [PMID: 30341179 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1409-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) drives the synaptic impairment and dendritic spine loss characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but how Aβ affects the actin cytoskeleton remains unknown and contentious. The actin-binding protein, cofilin-1 (cof1), is a major regulator of actin dynamics in dendritic spines, and is subject to phospho-regulation by multiple pathways, including the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. While cof1 is implicated as a driver of the synaptotoxicity characteristic of the early phases of AD pathophysiology, questions remain about the molecular mechanisms involved. Cofilin-actin rods are observed in neurons exposed to Aβ oligomers (Aβo) and in tissue from AD patients, and others have described an increased cofilin phosphorylation (p-cof1) in AD patients. Here, we report elevated p-cof1 of the postsynaptic enriched fraction of synaptosomes from cortical samples of male APP/PS1 mice and human AD cases of either sex. In primary cortical neurons, Aβo induced rapid actin stabilization and increased p-cof1 in the postsynaptic compartment of excitatory synapses within 30 min. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of actin-GFP and calcium imaging in live neurons expressing active or inactive cof1 mutants suggest that cof1 phosphorylation is necessary and sufficient for Aβo-induced synaptic impairment via actin stabilization before the reported formation of cofilin-actin rods. Moreover, the clinically available and well-tolerated ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, prevented Aβo-induced actin stabilization, synaptic impairment, and synaptic loss by blocking cofilin phosphorylation. Aβo also blocked the LTP-induced insertion of the AMPAR subunit, GluA1, at the postsynaptic density, in a fasudil-sensitive manner. These data support an important role for ROCKs and cofilin in mediating Aβ-induced synaptic impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report that amyloid-β oligomers rapidly induce aberrant stabilization of F-actin within dendritic spines, which impairs synaptic strength and plasticity. Activation of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway results in phosphorylation of cof1 and is sufficient to mediate Aβo-induced actin stabilization synaptic impairment and synaptic loss. Further, the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, prevents cofilin phosphorylation, acute synaptic disruption, and synaptotoxicity in primary cortical neurons. Together, the herein presented data provide strong support for further study of the ROCK pathway as a therapeutic target for the cognitive decline and synaptotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
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Jiang S, Hao Z, Li X, Bo L, Zhang R, Wang Y, Duan X, Kang R, Huang L. Ketamine destabilizes growth of dendritic spines in developing hippocampal neurons in vitro via a Rho‑dependent mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5037-5043. [PMID: 30280188 PMCID: PMC6236282 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety of anesthetics on the developing brain has caused concern. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is widely used as a general pediatric anesthetic. Recent studies suggested that ketamine alters the plasticity of dendritic spines in the developing brain and may be an important contributing factor to learning and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ketamine on the plasticity of dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons and the potential underlying mechanisms. After 5 days in vitro, rat hippocampal neurons were exposed to different concentrations (100, 300 and 500 µM) of ketamine for 6 h. Ketamine decreased the number and length of dendritic spines in a dose-dependent manner. Ketamine at a concentration of 300 µM caused an upregulation of transforming protein RhoA (RhoA) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) protein. These effects were inhibited by the ROCK inhibitor Y27632. These results suggested that ketamine induces loss and shortening of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons via activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Zimiao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xuze Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Bo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Rongtian Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lining Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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A role for APP in Wnt signalling links synapse loss with β-amyloid production. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:179. [PMID: 30232325 PMCID: PMC6145937 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) and shifts the balance from canonical towards non-canonical Wnt signalling. Canonical (Wnt-β-catenin) signalling promotes synapse stability, while non-canonical (Wnt-PCP) signalling favours synapse retraction; thus Aβ-driven synapse loss is mediated by Dkk1. Here we show that the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) co-activates both arms of Wnt signalling through physical interactions with Wnt co-receptors LRP6 and Vangl2, to bi-directionally modulate synapse stability. Furthermore, activation of non-canonical Wnt signalling enhances Aβ production, while activation of canonical signalling suppresses Aβ production. Together, these findings identify a pathogenic-positive feedback loop in which Aβ induces Dkk1 expression, thereby activating non-canonical Wnt signalling to promote synapse loss and drive further Aβ production. The Swedish familial AD variant of APP (APPSwe) more readily co-activates non-canonical, at the expense of canonical Wnt activity, indicating that its pathogenicity likely involves direct effects on synapses, in addition to increased Aβ production. Finally, we report that pharmacological inhibition of the Aβ-Dkk1-Aβ positive feedback loop with the drug fasudil can restore the balance between Wnt pathways, prevent dendritic spine withdrawal in vitro, and reduce Aβ load in vivo in mice with advanced amyloid pathology. These results clarify a relationship between Aβ accumulation and synapse loss and provide direction for the development of potential disease-modifying treatments.
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Gu QF, Yu JZ, Wu H, Li YH, Liu CY, Feng L, Zhang GX, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Therapeutic effect of Rho kinase inhibitor FSD-C10 in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3929-3938. [PMID: 30344671 PMCID: PMC6176147 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasudil, a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, effectively inhibits disease severity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, given its significant limitations, including a relatively narrow safety window and poor oral bioavailability, Fasudil is not suitable for long-term use. Thus, screening for ROCK inhibitor(s) that are more efficient, safer, can be used orally and suitable for long-term use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is required. The main purpose of the present study is to explore whether FSD-C10, a novel ROCK inhibitor, has therapeutic potential in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic (APP/PS1 Tg) mice, and to determine possible mechanisms of its action. The results showed that FSD-C10 effectively improved learning and memory impairment, accompanied by reduced expression of amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42), Tau protein phosphorylation (P-tau) and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme in the hippocampus and cortex area of brain. In addition, FSD-C10 administration boosted the expression of synapse-associated proteins, such as postynaptic density protein 95, synaptophsin, α-amino 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxa-zolep-propionate receptor and neurotrophic factors, e,g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FSD-C10 has therapeutic potential in the AD mouse model, possibly through inhibiting the formation of Aβ1-42 and P-tau, and promoting the generation of synapse-associated proteins and neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fang Gu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
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46
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ROCK inhibition in models of neurodegeneration and its potential for clinical translation. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 189:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jeong A, Suazo KF, Wood WG, Distefano MD, Li L. Isoprenoids and protein prenylation: implications in the pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:279-310. [PMID: 29718780 PMCID: PMC6101676 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1458070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate-isoprenoid-cholesterol biosynthesis pathway plays a key role in human health and disease. The importance of this pathway is underscored by the discovery that two major isoprenoids, farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, are required to modify an array of proteins through a process known as protein prenylation, catalyzed by prenyltransferases. The lipophilic prenyl group facilitates the anchoring of proteins in cell membranes, mediating protein-protein interactions and signal transduction. Numerous essential intracellular proteins undergo prenylation, including most members of the small GTPase superfamily as well as heterotrimeric G proteins and nuclear lamins, and are involved in regulating a plethora of cellular processes and functions. Dysregulation of isoprenoids and protein prenylation is implicated in various disorders, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancers, bone diseases, infectious diseases, progeria, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, isoprenoids and/or prenyltransferases have emerged as attractive targets for developing therapeutic agents. Here, we provide a general overview of isoprenoid synthesis, the process of protein prenylation and the complexity of prenylated proteins, and pharmacological agents that regulate isoprenoids and protein prenylation. Recent findings that connect isoprenoids/protein prenylation with AD are summarized and potential applications of new prenylomic technologies for uncovering the role of prenylated proteins in the pathogenesis of AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jeong
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacolog,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - W. Gibson Wood
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Departments of Chemistry,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ling Li
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacolog,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Froula JM, Henderson BW, Gonzalez JC, Vaden JH, Mclean JW, Wu Y, Banumurthy G, Overstreet-Wadiche L, Herskowitz JH, Volpicelli-Daley LA. α-Synuclein fibril-induced paradoxical structural and functional defects in hippocampal neurons. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:35. [PMID: 29716652 PMCID: PMC5928584 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal inclusions composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) characterize Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Cognitive dysfunction defines DLB, and up to 80% of PD patients develop dementia. α-Syn inclusions are abundant in the hippocampus, yet functional consequences are unclear. To determine if pathologic α-syn causes neuronal defects, we induced endogenous α-syn to form inclusions resembling those found in diseased brains by treating hippocampal neurons with α-syn fibrils. At seven days after adding fibrils, α-syn inclusions are abundant in axons, but there is no cell death at this time point, allowing us to assess for potential alterations in neuronal function that are not caused by neuron death. We found that exposure of neurons to fibrils caused a significant reduction in mushroom spine densities, adding to the growing body of literature showing that altered spine morphology is a major pathologic phenotype in synucleinopathies. The reduction in spine densities occurred only in wild type neurons and not in neurons from α-syn knockout mice, suggesting that the changes in spine morphology result from fibril-induced corruption of endogenously expressed α-syn. Paradoxically, reduced postsynaptic spine density was accompanied by increased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and presynaptic docked vesicles, suggesting enhanced presynaptic function. Action-potential dependent activity was unchanged, suggesting compensatory mechanisms responding to synaptic defects. Although activity at the level of the synapse was unchanged, neurons exposed to α-syn fibrils, showed reduced frequency and amplitudes of spontaneous Ca2+ transients. These findings open areas of research to determine the mechanisms that alter neuronal function in brain regions critical for cognition at time points before neuron death.
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Xu C, Liu J, Yang W, Shu Y, Wei Z, Zheng W, Feng X, Zhou F. An OMIC biomarker detection algorithm TriVote and its application in methylomic biomarker detection. Epigenomics 2018; 10:335-347. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Transcriptomic and methylomic patterns represent two major OMIC data sources impacted by both inheritable genetic information and environmental factors, and have been widely used as disease diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers. Materials & methods: Modern transcriptomic and methylomic profiling technologies detect the status of tens of thousands or even millions of probing residues in the human genome, and introduce a major computational challenge for the existing feature selection algorithms. This study proposes a three-step feature selection algorithm, TriVote, to detect a subset of transcriptomic or methylomic residues with highly accurate binary classification performance. Results & conclusion: TriVote outperforms both filter and wrapper feature selection algorithms with both higher classification accuracy and smaller feature number on 17 transcriptomes and two methylomes. Biological functions of the methylome biomarkers detected by TriVote were discussed for their disease associations. An easy-to-use Python package is also released to facilitate the further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yayun Shu
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
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50
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TNFα and IL-1β modify the miRNA cargo of astrocyte shed extracellular vesicles to regulate neurotrophic signaling in neurons. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:363. [PMID: 29507357 PMCID: PMC5838212 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are known to be critical regulators of neuronal function. However, relatively few mediators of astrocyte to neuron communication have been identified. Recent advancements in the biology of extracellular vesicles have begun to implicate astrocyte derived extracellular vesicles (ADEV) as mediators of astrocyte to neuron communication, suggesting that alterations in the release and/or composition of ADEVs could influence gliotransmission. TNFα and IL-1β are key mediators of glial activation and neuronal damage, but the effects of these cytokines on the release or molecular composition of ADEVs is unknown. We found that ADEVs released in response to IL-1β (ADEV-IL-1β) and TNFα (ADEV-TNFα) were enriched with miRNAs that target proteins involved in neurotrophin signaling. We confirmed that miR-125a-5p and miR-16-5p (both enriched in ADEV-IL-1β and ADEV-TNFα) targeted NTKR3 and its downstream effector Bcl2. Downregulation of these targets in neurons was associated with reductions in dendritic growth, dendritic complexity, reduced spike rates, and burst activity. Molecular interference of miR-125a-5p and miR-16-5p prevented ADEV-IL-1β from reducing dendritic complexity, spike, and burst rates. These findings suggest that astrocytes respond to inflammatory challenge by modifying the miRNA cargo of ADEVs to diminish the activity of target neurons by regulating the translational expression of proteins controlling programs essential for synaptic stability and neuronal excitability.
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