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Faraj S, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Lu L, Miles-Chan JL, Hoggard M, Barnett D, Parry-Strong A, Foster M, Krebs JD, Poppitt SD, Taylor MW, Mathrani A. Effect of a Higher-Protein Nut versus Higher-Carbohydrate Cereal Enriched Diet on the Gut Microbiomes of Chinese Participants with Overweight and Normoglycaemia or Prediabetes in the Tū Ora Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1971. [PMID: 38931324 PMCID: PMC11206330 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Global increases in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially within Asian populations, highlight the need for novel approaches to dietary intervention. The Tū Ora study previously evaluated the effects on metabolic health of including a nut product into the diet of a New Zealand cohort of Chinese participants with overweight and normoglycaemia or prediabetes through a 12-week randomised, parallel-group clinical trial. In this current study, we compared the impact of this higher-protein nut bar (HP-NB) versus a higher-carbohydrate cereal bar (HC-CB) on the faecal microbiome by employing both 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of pre- and post-intervention pairs from 84 participants. Despite the higher fibre, protein, and unsaturated fat content of nuts, there was little difference between dietary groups in gut microbiome composition or functional potential, with the bacterial phylum Firmicutes dominating irrespective of diet. The lack of observed change suggests the dietary impact of the bars may have been insufficient to affect the gut microbiome. Manipulating the interplay between the diet, microbiome, and metabolic health may require a more substantial and/or prolonged dietary perturbation to generate an impactful modification of the gut ecosystem and its functional potential to aid in T2D risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Faraj
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (S.F.); (I.R.S.-B.); (L.L.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Ivana R. Sequeira-Bisson
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (S.F.); (I.R.S.-B.); (L.L.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Louise Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (S.F.); (I.R.S.-B.); (L.L.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Jennifer L. Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (S.F.); (I.R.S.-B.); (L.L.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Michael Hoggard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Daniel Barnett
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Amber Parry-Strong
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Centre for Endocrine, Diabetes and Obesity Research (CEDOR), Te Whatu Ora, Capital and Coast Health, Wellington P.O. Box 7902, New Zealand
| | - Meika Foster
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- Edible Research, Ohoka, Christchurch 7475, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy D. Krebs
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Centre for Endocrine, Diabetes and Obesity Research (CEDOR), Te Whatu Ora, Capital and Coast Health, Wellington P.O. Box 7902, New Zealand
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (S.F.); (I.R.S.-B.); (L.L.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Michael W. Taylor
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Akarsh Mathrani
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.P.-S.); (M.F.); (J.D.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
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Treiber G, Guilleux A, Huynh K, Bonfanti O, Flaus-Furmaniuk A, Couret D, Mellet N, Bernard C, Le-Moullec N, Doray B, Jéru I, Maiza JC, Domun B, Cogne M, Meilhac O, Vigouroux C, Meikle PJ, Nobécourt E. Lipoatrophic diabetes in familial partial lipodystrophy type 2: From insulin resistance to diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2023; 49:101409. [PMID: 36400409 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Subjects with Familial Partial Lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) are at high risk to develop diabetes. To better understand the natural history and variability of this disease, we studied glucose tolerance, insulin response to an oral glucose load, and metabolic markers in the largest cohort to date of subjects with FPLD2 due to the same LMNA variant. METHODS A total of 102 patients aged > 18 years, with FPLD2 due to the LMNA 'Reunionese' variant p.(Thr655Asnfs*49) and 22 unaffected adult relatives with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled. Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT) with calculation of derived insulin sensitivity and secretion markers, and measurements of HbA1c, C-reactive protein, leptin, adiponectin and lipid profile were performed. RESULTS In patients with FPLD2: 65% had either diabetes (41%) or prediabetes (24%) despite their young age (median: 39.5 years IQR 29.0-50.8) and close-to-normal BMI (median: 25.5 kg/m2 IQR 23.1-29.4). Post-load OGTT values revealed insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion in patients with FPLD2 and NGT, whereas patients with diabetes were characterized by decreased insulin secretion. Impaired glucose tolerance with normal fasting glucose was present in 86% of patients with prediabetes. Adiponectin levels were decreased in all subjects with FPLD2 and correlated with insulin sensitivity markers. CONCLUSIONS OGTT reveals early alterations of glucose and insulin metabolism in patients with FPLD2, and should be systematically performed before excluding a diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes to adapt medical care. Decreased adiponectin is an early marker of the disease. Adiponectin replacement therapy warrants further study in FPLD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Treiber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; University of La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Saint-Denis de, La Réunion, France
| | - Alice Guilleux
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidémiologie Clinique (CIC-EC) U1410 INSERM, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oriane Bonfanti
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Ania Flaus-Furmaniuk
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Felix-Guyon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - David Couret
- University of La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Saint-Denis de, La Réunion, France; Neurocritical Care Unit, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, University of La Réunion, BP 350, Saint Pierre, 97448, la Réunion, France
| | - Natalie Mellet
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Céline Bernard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Nathalie Le-Moullec
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Berenice Doray
- Genetic Department, Felix-Guyon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR S938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Maiza
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Bhoopendrasing Domun
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Muriel Cogne
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- University of La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Saint-Denis de, La Réunion, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR S938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Endocrinology Departments, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; University of La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Saint-Denis de, La Réunion, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidémiologie Clinique (CIC-EC) U1410 INSERM, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, La Réunion, France.
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Madhu SV, Mishra BK, Mannar V, Aslam M, Banerjee B, Agrawal V. TCF7L2 gene associated postprandial triglyceride dysmetabolism- a novel mechanism for diabetes risk among Asian Indians. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:973718. [PMID: 36263318 PMCID: PMC9573951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.973718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM TCF7L2 gene is believed to increase the risk of T2DM by its effects on insulin secretion. However, the exact mechanism of this enhanced risk is not clearly known. While TCF7L2 gene has been shown to affect lipid metabolism, these effects have remained largely unexplored in the context of diabetes risk. METHODS Postprandial lipid responses to a standardized fat challenge test were performed in 620 Asian Indian subjects (310 with NGT and 310 with T2DM/prediabetes) and compared between the risk and wild genotypes of the rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene. In 30 subjects scheduled to undergo abdominal surgery (10 each with NGT, Prediabetes and T2DM), adipocyte TCF7L2 gene expression was also performed by real time qPCR and confirmed by protein expression in western blot. RESULTS T allele of rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene was confirmed as the risk allele for T2DM (OR=1.8(1.2-2.74), p=0.005). TT+CT genotypes of rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene showed significantly higher 4hrTg (p<0.01), TgAUC (p<0.01), peakTg (p<0.01) as well as higher postprandial plasma glucose (p=.006) levels and HOMA-IR (p=0.03) and significantly lower adiponectin levels (p=0.02) as compared to CC genotype. The expression of TCF7L2 gene in VAT was 11-fold higher in prediabetes group as compared to NGT (P<0.01) and 5.7-fold higher in T2DM group as compared to NGT group(P=0.003) and was significantly associated with PPTg and glucose levels. CONCLUSION There is significant PPTg dysmetabolism associated with the risk allele of rs7903146 polymorphism as well as adipocyte expression of TCF7L2 gene. Significant upregulation of TCF7L2 gene expression in VAT that correlates with PPTg and glycaemia is also seen in Asian Indians with glucose intolerance. Modulation of PPTg metabolism by TCF7L2 gene and the resultant PPHTg may be a novel mechanism that contributes to its diabetes risk in them.
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Whole transcriptome RNA-seq reveals key regulatory factors involved in type 2 diabetes pathology in peripheral fat of Asian Indians. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10632. [PMID: 34017037 PMCID: PMC8137704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes has reached an epidemic proportion particularly in south Asian countries. We have earlier shown that the anatomical fat distribution, termed ‘thin fat phenotype’ in this population indeed plays a major role for their T2D-predisposition it is indeed the sick fat or adiposopathy, which is the root cause of metabolic syndrome and diabetes and affects both—peripheral, as well as visceral adipose tissue compartments. In present study, we have attempted to unravel the altered regulatory mechanisms at the level of transcription factors, and miRNAs those may likely accounts to T2D pathophysiology in femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue. We prioritized transcription factors and protein kinases as likely upstream regulators of obtained differentially expressed genes in this RNA-seq study. An inferred network of these upstream regulators was then derived and the role of TFs and miRNAs in T2D pathophysiology was explored. In conclusions, this RNS-Seq study finds that peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue among Asian Indians show pathology characterized by altered lipid, glucose and protein metabolism, adipogenesis defect and inflammation. A network of regulatory transcription factors, protein kinases and microRNAs have been imputed which converge on the process of adipogenesis. As the majority of these genes also showed altered expression in diabetics and some of them are also circulatory, therefore they deserve further investigation for potential clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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