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Shen B, Han W, Tan X, Gu KJ, Naseem DF, Zheng G, Li G, Lou J, Chen C. Expression of RIPK1 and FADD are associated with chemosensitivity and survival in head and heck squamous cell carcinoma via tanshinone IIA-mediated modulation of the RIPK1-FADD-Caspase 8 complex. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1406-1416. [PMID: 38695620 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a main active ingredient of salvia miltiorrhiza, has a wide range of antitumor effects, while its specific role and mechanism in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is not fully understood. Totally 59 primary HNSCC patients underwent two courses of induction chemotherapy before surgery. The association between expression of Fas-Associated Death Domain (FADD) and receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and chemotherapy resistance and survival were evaluated. The cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the effect of Tan IIA on the activity of cisplatin in chemoresistant HNSCC cells through a series of in vitro experiments. The quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used. FADD and RIPK1 expressions were differentially expressed in Chemosensitive and drug-resistant patients. Furthermore, patients with tumors exhibiting high expression of FADD and RIPK1 had significantly greater risk for chemoresistance and mortality than patients with tumors that had low levels of these proteins. Moreover, Tan IIA reduced the expression of RIPK1 and FADD in HNSCC chemoresistant cell lines, which could increase the chemosensitivity of cisplatin and promote apoptosis. Overexpression of RIPK1 led to attenuation of therapeutic effects of Tan IIA, which were mainly realized through regulation of the RIPK1-FADD-Caspase 8 complex. This study is the first to demonstrate the clinical value and role of FADD and RIPK1 in the treatment of HNSCC. This work establishes the proapoptotic effects of Tan IIA and its potential to enhance chemosensitivity in HNSCC by modulating the RIPK1-FADD-Caspase 8 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Han
- Department of Operating Room, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangrong Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kyle J Gu
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danial F Naseem
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guibin Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Lu D, Mihoayi M, Ablikim Y, Arikin A. RNA splicing regulator EIF3D regulates the tumor microenvironment through immunogene-related alternative splicing in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5929-5948. [PMID: 38535990 PMCID: PMC11042944 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Study finds that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D (EIF3D) may play an important role in aberrant alternative splicing (AS) events in tumors. AS possesses a pivotal role in both tumour progression and the constitution of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Regrettably, our current understanding of AS remains circumscribed especially in the context of immunogene-related alternative splicing (IGAS) profiles within Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC). In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the function and mechanism of action of EIF3D by bioinformatics analysis combined with in vitro cellular experiments, and found that high expression of EIF3D in HNSC was associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The EIF3D low expression group had a higher degree of immune infiltration and better efficacy against PD1 and CTLA4 immunotherapy compared to the EIF3D high expression group. TCGA SpliceSeq analysis illustrated that EIF3D influenced differentially spliced alternative splicing (DSAS) events involving 105 differentially expressed immunogenes (DEIGs). We observed an induction of apoptosis and a suppression of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in EIF3D knock-down FaDu cells. RNA-seq analysis unveiled that 531 genes exhibited differential expression following EIF3D knockdown in FaDu cells. These include 52 DEIGs. Furthermore, EIF3D knockdown influenced the patterns of 1923 alternative splicing events (ASEs), encompassing 129 IGASs. This study identified an RNA splicing regulator and revealed its regulatory role in IGAS and the TME of HNSC, suggesting that EIF3D may be a potential target for predicting HNSC prognosis and immunotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lu
- Otolaryngology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shaanxi Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Mijti Mihoayi
- Otolaryngology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Yimin Ablikim
- Otolaryngology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Abdeyrim Arikin
- Otolaryngology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
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3
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Hsieh M, Lin C, Lo Y, Ho H, Chuang Y, Chen M. Hellebrigenin induces oral cancer cell apoptosis by modulating MAPK signalling and XIAP expression. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18071. [PMID: 38044583 PMCID: PMC10826427 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for 90% of all oral cancers, has become a public health crisis worldwide. despite advances in therapeutic interventions, the prognosis remains poor for advanced-stage OSCC. In this study, we investigate the anticancer activity and the mode of action of hellebrigenin in human OSCC. The findings demonstrated that hellebrigenin exerted cytotoxic effects in OSCC cells through cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins (cyclins A2, B1 and D3, Cdc2, CDK4 and CDK6). Moreover, hellebrigenin caused activation of PARP and caspase 3, 8 and 9, followed by downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bak). The hellebrigenin treatment also increased Fas, DR5, DcR2 and DcR3 expressions in oral cancer cells, indicating the compound causes oral cancer cell apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Regarding upstream signalling, hellebrigenin was found to reduce the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK, indicating that hellebrigenin triggers caspase-mediated apoptosis by downregulating MAPK signalling pathway. Finally, the human apoptosis array findings revealed that hellebrigenin specifically suppressed the expression of XIAP to execute its pro-apoptotic activities. Taken together, the study suggests that hellebrigenin can act as a potent anticancer compound in human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research CenterChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research CenterChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research CenterChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research CenterChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research CenterChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Mu‐Kuan Chen
- Department of Post‐Baccalaureate Medicine, College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
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4
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Wu D, Li Y, Zheng L, Xiao H, Ouyang L, Wang G, Sun Q. Small molecules targeting protein-protein interactions for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4060-4088. [PMID: 37799384 PMCID: PMC10547922 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental to many biological processes that play an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Targeting the interaction between tumour-related proteins with emerging small molecule drugs has become an attractive approach for treatment of human diseases, especially tumours. Encouragingly, selective PPI-based therapeutic agents have been rapidly advancing over the past decade, providing promising perspectives for novel therapies for patients with cancer. In this review we comprehensively clarify the discovery and development of small molecule modulators of PPIs from multiple aspects, focusing on PPIs in disease, drug design and discovery strategies, structure-activity relationships, inherent dilemmas, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defa Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Ventre KS, Roehle K, Bello E, Bhuiyan AM, Biary T, Crowley SJ, Bruck PT, Heckler M, Lenehan PJ, Ali LR, Stump CT, Lippert V, Clancy-Thompson E, Conce Alberto WD, Hoffman MT, Qiang L, Pelletier M, Akin JJ, Dougan M, Dougan SK. cIAP1/2 Antagonism Induces Antigen-Specific T Cell-Dependent Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:991-1003. [PMID: 36881882 PMCID: PMC10036868 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has failed in pancreatic cancer and other poorly responsive tumor types in part due to inadequate T cell priming. Naive T cells can receive costimulation not only via CD28 but also through TNF superfamily receptors that signal via NF-κB. Antagonists of the ubiquitin ligases cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP)1/2, also called second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics, induce degradation of cIAP1/2 proteins, allowing for the accumulation of NIK and constitutive, ligand-independent activation of alternate NF-κB signaling that mimics costimulation in T cells. In tumor cells, cIAP1/2 antagonists can increase TNF production and TNF-mediated apoptosis; however, pancreatic cancer cells are resistant to cytokine-mediated apoptosis, even in the presence of cIAP1/2 antagonism. Dendritic cell activation is enhanced by cIAP1/2 antagonism in vitro, and intratumoral dendritic cells show higher expression of MHC class II in tumors from cIAP1/2 antagonism-treated mice. In this study, we use in vivo mouse models of syngeneic pancreatic cancer that generate endogenous T cell responses ranging from moderate to poor. Across multiple models, cIAP1/2 antagonism has pleiotropic beneficial effects on antitumor immunity, including direct effects on tumor-specific T cells leading to overall increased activation, increased control of tumor growth in vivo, synergy with multiple immunotherapy modalities, and immunologic memory. In contrast to checkpoint blockade, cIAP1/2 antagonism does not increase intratumoral T cell frequencies. Furthermore, we confirm our previous findings that even poorly immunogenic tumors with a paucity of T cells can experience T cell-dependent antitumor immunity, and we provide transcriptional clues into how these rare T cells coordinate downstream immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Ventre
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin Roehle
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elisa Bello
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Aladdin M. Bhuiyan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tamara Biary
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie J. Crowley
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick T. Bruck
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Max Heckler
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick J. Lenehan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lestat R. Ali
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Courtney T. Stump
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Victoria Lippert
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Eleanor Clancy-Thompson
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Winiffer D. Conce Alberto
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Megan T. Hoffman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marc Pelletier
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - James J. Akin
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael Dougan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie K. Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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6
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Lu Y, You J. Strategy and application of manipulating DCs chemotaxis in disease treatment and vaccine design. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114457. [PMID: 36868016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most versatile antigen-presenting cells (APCs), dendritic cells (DCs) function as the cardinal commanders in orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity for either eliciting protective immune responses against canceration and microbial invasion or maintaining immune homeostasis/tolerance. In fact, in physiological or pathological conditions, the diversified migratory patterns and exquisite chemotaxis of DCs, prominently manipulate their biological activities in both secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) as well as homeostatic/inflammatory peripheral tissues in vivo. Thus, the inherent mechanisms or regulation strategies to modulate the directional migration of DCs even could be regarded as the crucial cartographers of the immune system. Herein, we systemically reviewed the existing mechanistic understandings and regulation measures of trafficking both endogenous DC subtypes and reinfused DCs vaccines towards either SLOs or inflammatory foci (including neoplastic lesions, infections, acute/chronic tissue inflammations, autoimmune diseases and graft sites). Furthermore, we briefly introduced the DCs-participated prophylactic and therapeutic clinical application against disparate diseases, and also provided insights into the future clinical immunotherapies development as well as the vaccines design associated with modulating DCs mobilization modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, 291 Fucheng Road, Zhejiang 310018, PR China; Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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7
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Prognostic significance and immune correlates of FADD in penile squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:869-878. [PMID: 36813950 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) with a poor prognosis lacks reliable biomarkers for stratifying patients. Fas-associated death domain (FADD) could regulate cell proliferation and has shown promising diagnostic and prognostic significance in multiple cancers. However, researchers have not determined how FADD exerts its effect on PSCC. In this study, we set out to investigate the clinical features of FADD and the prognostic impact of PSCC. Additionally, we also assessed the role of affecting the immune environment in PSCC. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the protein expression of FADD. The difference between FADDhigh and FADDlow was explored by RNA sequencing from available cases. The immune environment evaluation of CD4, CD8, and Foxp3 was performed by immunohistochemical. In this study, we found that FADD was overexpressed in 19.6 (39/199) patients, and the overexpression of FADD was associated with phimosis (p=0.007), N stage (p<0.001), clinical stage (p=0.001), and histologic grade (p=0.005). The overexpression of FADD was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (HR 3.976, 95% CI 2.413-6.553, p<0.001) and OS (HR 4.134, 95% CI 2.358-7.247, p<0.001). In addition, overexpression of FADD was mainly linked to T cell activation and PD-L1 expression combined with PD-L1 checkpoint in cancer. Further validation demonstrated that overexpression of FADD was positively correlated with the infiltration of Foxp3 in PSCC (p=0.0142). It is the first time to show that overexpression of FADD is an adjunct biomarker with poor prognosis in PSCC and could also serve as a tumor immune environment regulator.
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8
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BRD7 inhibits enhancer activity and expression of BIRC2 to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:121. [PMID: 36788209 PMCID: PMC9929072 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BRD7 functions as a crucial tumor suppressor in numerous malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its function and exact mechanisms involved in tumor progression are not well understood. Here, we found that the B7BS was a potential enhancer region of BIRC2, and BRD7 negatively regulated the transcriptional activity and expression of BIRC2 by targeting the activation of the BIRC2 enhancer. Moreover, BIRC2 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion as well as xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, thus functioning as an oncogene in NPC. Furthermore, the recovery of BIRC2 expression could rescue the inhibitory effect of BRD7 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and xenograft tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, BIRC2 was highly-expressed in NPC tissues, and positively correlated with the TNM stage and negatively correlated with the expression of BRD7. Therefore, these results suggest that BRD7 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis thus functioning as a tumor suppressor at least partially by negatively regulating the enhancer activity and expression of BIRC2, and targeting the BRD7/BIRC2 regulation axis might be a potential strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of NPC.
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Toni T, Viswanathan R, Robbins Y, Gunti S, Yang X, Huynh A, Cheng H, Sowers AL, Mitchell JB, Allen CT, Morgan EL, Van Waes C. Combined Inhibition of IAPs and WEE1 Enhances TNFα- and Radiation-Induced Cell Death in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1029. [PMID: 36831373 PMCID: PMC9954698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a prevalent diagnosis with current treatment options that include radiotherapy and immune-mediated therapies, in which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a key mediator of cytotoxicity. However, HNSCC and other cancers often display TNFα resistance due to activation of the canonical IKK-NFκB/RELA pathway, which is activated by, and induces expression of, cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs). Our previous studies have demonstrated that the IAP inhibitor birinapant sensitized HNSCC to TNFα-dependent cell death in vitro and radiotherapy in vivo. Furthermore, we recently demonstrated that the inhibition of the G2/M checkpoint kinase WEE1 also sensitized HNSCC cells to TNFα-dependent cell death, due to the inhibition of the pro-survival IKK-NFκB/RELA complex. Given these observations, we hypothesized that dual-antagonist therapy targeting both IAP and WEE1 proteins may have the potential to synergistically sensitize HNSCC to TNFα-dependent cell death. Using the IAP inhibitor birinapant and the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775, we show that combination treatment reduced cell viability, proliferation and survival when compared with individual treatment. Furthermore, combination treatment enhanced the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to TNFα-induced cytotoxicity via the induction of apoptosis and DNA damage. Additionally, birinapant and AZD1775 combination treatment decreased cell proliferation and survival in combination with radiotherapy, a critical source of TNFα. These results support further investigation of IAP and WEE1 inhibitor combinations in preclinical and clinical studies in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Toni
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ramya Viswanathan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yvette Robbins
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Gunti
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angel Huynh
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anastasia L. Sowers
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James B. Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clint T. Allen
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ethan L. Morgan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Kashefizadeh A, Kazemizadeh H. Immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducers in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): current knowledge and future perspective. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:316-322. [PMID: 36180811 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rising every year all around the world. The interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial factor in determining the development of human neoplasms. Organellar and cellular stress are induced during immunogenic cell death (ICD), a particularly functional response pattern. ICD is a separate but poorly characterized entity caused by various cancer treatments. The induction of ICD has the potential to change TME and the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the coupling of ICD-inducers and other therapeutic approaches can have a synergistic role in boosting anticancer impacts. The purpose of this study is to review the studies in the field of NSCLC using ICD-inducers as a treatment strategy or as a combination therapy. This review provide for researches a better view of what has been done so far and the challenges they face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kashefizadeh
- Department of Pulmonology, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemizadeh
- Advanced Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Yue T, Zhang X, Gong P, Li J, Wang X, Li X, Ma Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Cheng S, Zhang H, Zhang N. Antitumor effect of invasive Lactobacillus plantarum delivering associated antigen gene sHSP between Trichinella spiralis and Lewis lung cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109708. [PMID: 36638662 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a frequent disease that seriously harms human health, but there are no ideal therapies for it. Currently, some food-grade microorganisms such as Lactobacillus plantarum have shown better anti-tumor effects. Here, recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum lives vector vaccine NC8-sHSP was generated by using the invasive Lactobacillus plantarum NC8 expressing FnBPA to deliver the associated antigen gene sHSP between trichinella spiralis and Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC) to host cells. NC8-sHSP colonized the mouse intestine to deliver plasmids to intestinal epithelial cells and controlled the growth of LLC by inducing humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity. The tumor inhibition rates were 62.36% and 68.37% in the prophylactic assay and 40.76% and 44.22% in the treatment assay, respectively. Recombination of Lactobacillus plantarum did not cause significant damage. In conclusion, the recombinant invasive Lactobacillus plantarum constructed in this study has better anti-Lewis lung cancer effects in mice, which will provide new ideas for the application of food-grade microorganisms in anti-tumor and the development of oral tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yeting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shuqin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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12
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Kansal V, Burnham AJ, Kinney BLC, Saba NF, Paulos C, Lesinski GB, Buchwald ZS, Schmitt NC. Statin drugs enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer models. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005940. [PMID: 36650022 PMCID: PMC9853267 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade is approved for first-line treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but few patients respond. Statin drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are associated with superior survival in several cancer types, including HNSCC. Emerging data suggest that manipulation of cholesterol may enhance some aspects of antitumor immunity. METHODS We used syngeneic murine models (mouse oral cancer, MOC1 and TC-1) to investigate our hypothesis that a subset of statin drugs would enhance antitumor immunity and delay tumor growth. RESULTS Using an ex vivo coculture assay of murine cancer cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, we discovered that all seven statin drugs inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Simvastatin and lovastatin also enhanced T-cell killing of tumor cells. In mice, daily oral simvastatin or lovastatin enhanced tumor control and extended survival when combined with PD-1 blockade, with rejection of MOC1 tumors in 30% of mice treated with lovastatin plus anti-PD-1. Results from flow cytometry of tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes suggested T cell activation and shifts from M2 to M1 macrophage predominance as potential mechanisms of combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that statins deserve further study as well-tolerated, inexpensive drugs that may enhance responses to PD-1 checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kansal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andre J Burnham
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brendan L C Kinney
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chrystal Paulos
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Departments of Surgery and Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Rodriguez CP, Kang H, Geiger JL, Burtness B, Chung CH, Pickering CR, Fakhry C, Le QT, Yom SS, Galloway TJ, Golemis E, Li A, Shoop J, Wong S, Mehra R, Skinner H, Saba NF, Flores ER, Myers JN, Ford JM, Karchin R, Ferris RL, Kunos C, Lynn JM, Malik S. Clinical Trial Development in TP53-Mutated Locally Advanced and Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1619-1627. [PMID: 36053203 PMCID: PMC9745425 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutation is the most frequent genetic event in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), found in more than 80% of patients with human papillomavirus-negative disease. As mutations in the TP53 gene are associated with worse outcomes in HNSCC, novel therapeutic approaches are needed for patients with TP53-mutated tumors. The National Cancer Institute sponsored a Clinical Trials Planning Meeting to address the issues of identifying and developing clinical trials for patients with TP53 mutations. Subcommittees, or breakout groups, were tasked with developing clinical studies in both the locally advanced and recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) disease settings as well as considering signal-seeking trial designs. A fourth breakout group was focused on identifying and standardizing biomarker integration into trial design; this information was provided to the other breakout groups prior to the meeting to aid in study development. A total of 4 concepts were prioritized to move forward for further development and implementation. This article summarizes the proceedings of the Clinical Trials Planning Meeting with the goal of developing clinical trials for patients with TP53-mutant HNSCC that can be conducted within the National Clinical Trials Network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Geiger
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Quynh Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology-Radiation Therapy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Galloway
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica Golemis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Li
- Kaiser Permanente Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Stuart Wong
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heath Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M Ford
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Karchin
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jean M Lynn
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shakun Malik
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Barton PR, Davenport AJ, Hukelmann J, Cantrell DA, Stinchcombe JC, Richard AC, Griffiths GM. Super-killer CTLs are generated by single gene deletion of Bach2. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1776-1788. [PMID: 36086884 PMCID: PMC9828676 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bach2 codes for a transcriptional regulator exerting major influences on T cell-mediated immune regulation. Effector CTLs derived from in vitro activation of murine CD8+ T cells showed increased proliferative and cytolytic capacity in the absence of BACH2. Before activation, BACH2-deficient splenic CD8+ T cells had a higher abundance of memory and reduced abundance of naïve cells compared to wild-type. CTLs derived from central memory T cells were more potently cytotoxic than those derived from naïve T cells, but even within separated subsets, BACH2-deficiency conferred a cytotoxic advantage. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed larger granules in BACH2-deficient compared to wild-type CTLs, and proteomic analysis showed an increase in granule content, including perforin and granzymes. Thus, the enhanced cytotoxicity observed in effector CTLs lacking BACH2 arises not only from differences in their initial differentiation state but also inherent production of enlarged cytolytic granules. These results demonstrate how a single gene deletion can produce a CTL super-killer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa R. Barton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | - Alexander J. Davenport
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | - Jens Hukelmann
- Cell Signalling and Immunology Division, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Doreen A. Cantrell
- Cell Signalling and Immunology Division, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Jane C. Stinchcombe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | - Arianne C. Richard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
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15
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Kono M, Saito S, Egloff AM, Allen CT, Uppaluri R. The mouse oral carcinoma (MOC) model: A 10-year retrospective on model development and head and neck cancer investigations. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:106012. [PMID: 35820346 PMCID: PMC9364442 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of cancer have long been paramount to understanding tumor development and advancing the treatment of cancer. Creating preclinical models that mimic the complexity and heterogeneity of human tumors is a key challenge in the advancement of cancer therapy. About ten years ago, we created the mouse oral carcinoma (MOC) cell line models that were derived from 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced mouse oral squamous cell cancers. This model has been used in numerous investigations, including studies on tumor biology and therapeutics. We have seen remarkable progress in cancer immunology in recent years, and these cell lines, which are syngeneic to C57BL/6 background, have also been used to study the anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we aim to review the MOC model from its development and characterization to its use in non-immunological and immunological preclinical head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) studies. Integrating and refining these MOC model studies and extending findings to other systems will provide crucial insights for translational approaches aimed at improving head and neck cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Kono
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
| | - Shin Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
| | - Clint T Allen
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institutes on Deafness and Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
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16
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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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17
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Tan H, Qiu S, Wang J, Yu G, Guo W, Guo M. Weighted deep factorizing heterogeneous molecular network for genome-phenome association prediction. Methods 2022; 205:18-28. [PMID: 35690250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-phenome association (GPA) prediction can promote the understanding of biological mechanisms about complex pathology of phenotypes (i.e., traits and diseases). Traditional heterogeneous network-based GPA approaches overwhelmingly need to project heterogeneous data toward homogeneous network for data fusion and prediction, such projections result in the loss of heterogeneous network structure information. Matrix factorization based data fusion can avoid such projection by integrating multi-type data in a coherent way, but they typically perform linear factorization and cannot mine the nonlinear relationships between molecules, which compromise the accuracy of GPA analysis. Furthermore, most of them can not selectively synergy network topology and node attribution information in a principle way. In this paper, we propose a weighted deep matrix factorization based solution (WDGPA) to predict GPAs by selectively and differentially fusing heterogeneous molecular network and diverse attributes of nodes. WDGPA firstly assigns weights to inter/intra-relational data matrices and attribute data matrices, and performs deep matrix factorization on these matrices of heterogeneous network in a cooperative manner to obtain the nonlinear representations of different nodes. In addition, it performs low-rank representation learning on the attribute data with the shared nonlinear representations. In this way, both the network topology and node attributes are jointly mined to explore the representations of molecules and complex interplays between molecules and phenotypes. WDGPA then uses the representational vectors of gene and phenotype nodes to predict GPAs. Experimental results on maize and human datasets confirm that WDGPA outperforms competitive methods by a large margin under different evaluation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojiang Tan
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre For AI Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Sichao Qiu
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Joint SDU-NTU Centre For AI Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint SDU-NTU Centre For AI Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Guoxian Yu
- Joint SDU-NTU Centre For AI Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Joint SDU-NTU Centre For AI Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Maozu Guo
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China.
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18
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Michmerhuizen NL, Ludwig ML, Birkeland AC, Nimmagadda S, Zhai J, Wang J, Jewell BM, Genouw D, Remer L, Kim D, Foltin SK, Bhangale A, Kulkarni A, Bradford CR, Swiecicki PL, Carey TE, Jiang H, Brenner JC. Small molecule profiling to define synergistic EGFR inhibitor combinations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2022; 44:1192-1205. [PMID: 35224804 PMCID: PMC8986607 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a debilitating disease with poor survival. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting antibody cetuximab improves survival in some settings, responses are limited suggesting that alternative approaches are needed. METHODS We performed a high throughput drug screen to identify EGFR inhibitor-based synergistic combinations of clinically advanced inhibitors in models resistant to EGFR inhibitor monotherapies, and then performed downstream validation experiments on prioritized synergistic combinations. RESULTS From our screen, we re-discovered known synergistic EGFR inhibitor combinations with FGFR or IGF-1R inhibitors that were broadly effective and also discovered novel synergistic combinations with XIAP inhibitor and DNMT inhibitors that were effective in only a subset of models. CONCLUSIONS Conceptually, our data identify novel synergistic combinations that warrant evaluation in future studies, and suggest that some combinations, although highly synergistic, will require parallel companion diagnostic development to be effectively advanced in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Michmerhuizen
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Megan L. Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Andrew C. Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Sai Nimmagadda
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jingyi Zhai
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Brittany M. Jewell
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Dylan Genouw
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Lindsay Remer
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Susan K. Foltin
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Apurva Bhangale
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Carol R. Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Rogel Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Paul L. Swiecicki
- Department of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Rogel Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Thomas E. Carey
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Rogel Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Rogel Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - J. Chad Brenner
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Rogel Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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19
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Lu Y, Shi Y, You J. Strategy and clinical application of up-regulating cross presentation by DCs in anti-tumor therapy. J Control Release 2021; 341:184-205. [PMID: 34774890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cross presentation of exogenous antigen (Ag) by dendritic cells (DCs) facilitates a diversified mode of T-cell activation, orchestrates specific humoral and cellular immunity, and contributes to an efficient anti-tumor immune response. DCs-mediated cross presentation is subject to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including the homing and phenotype of DCs, the spatiotemporal trafficking and degradation kinetics of Ag, and multiple microenvironmental clues, with many details largely unexplored. Here, we systemically review the current mechanistic understanding and regulation strategies of cross presentation by heterogeneous DC populations. We also provide insights into the future exploitation of DCs cross presentation for a better clinical efficacy in anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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20
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Antagonism of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins reveals a novel, immune response-based therapeutic approach for T-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4003-4016. [PMID: 34474469 PMCID: PMC8945623 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The IAP antagonist tolinapant acts as an immunomodulatory molecule in TCL in preclinical models and confirmed in patients. Tolinapant acts on both the innate and adaptive immune system and can be exploited to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment.
Tolinapant (ASTX660) is a potent, nonpeptidomimetic antagonist of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1 and 2 (cIAP1/2) and X-linked IAP, which is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 study in T-cell lymphoma (TCL) patients. Tolinapant has demonstrated evidence of single-agent clinical activity in relapsed/refractory peripheral TCL and cutaneous TCL. To investigate the mechanism of action underlying the single-agent activity observed in the clinic, we have used a comprehensive translational approach integrating in vitro and in vivo models of TCL confirmed by data from human tumor biopsies. Here, we show that tolinapant acts as an efficacious immunomodulatory molecule capable of inducing complete tumor regression in a syngeneic model of TCL exclusively in the presence of an intact immune system. These findings were confirmed in samples from our ongoing clinical study showing that tolinapant treatment can induce changes in gene expression and cytokine profile consistent with immune modulation. Mechanistically, we show that tolinapant can activate both the adaptive and the innate arms of the immune system through the induction of immunogenic forms of cell death. In summary, we describe a novel role for IAP antagonists as immunomodulatory molecules capable of promoting a robust antitumor immune response in TCL.
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21
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Spyridopoulou K, Aindelis G, Pappa A, Chlichlia K. Anticancer Activity of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles: Apoptotic and Immunogenic Cell Death Markers in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5335. [PMID: 34771499 PMCID: PMC8582357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a health problem with high mortality rates and prevalence. Thus, innovative treatment approaches need to be developed. Biogenic nanoparticles are nanomaterials that can be synthesised in biological systems and, compared to chemically synthesised nanoparticles, have better bioavailability while being more cost-effective, eco-friendlier, and less toxic. In our previous studies, the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was used to synthesise selenium nanoparticles (SeNps), which were shown to inhibit colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we have further investigated SeNps' pro-apoptotic activity and their ability to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in colon cancer cells. The SeNps' effect on Caco-2 cells growth was examined along with their potential to induce caspase activation. Moreover, the expression of typical pro-apoptotic and ICD markers were examined in SeNps-treated HT29 and CT26 cells by flow cytometry, Western blot, ELISA and fluorescence microscopy. Elevated caspase-3 activation and surface phosphatyldoserine, that subsided upon co-incubation with a pan-caspase inhibitor, were detected in SeNps-treated cells. Furthermore, nanoparticles induced modulation of the expression of various apoptosis-related proteins. We also report the detection of biomarkers involved in ICD, namely the translocation of calreticulin and ERp57, the release of HMGB1 and ATP, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from SeNps-treated cells. Moreover, RAW246.7 macrophages exhibited a higher rate of phagocytosis against treated CT26 when compared to control cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that treatment with SeNps might be an efficient strategy to destroy tumour cells by inducing apoptotic cell death and triggering immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katerina Chlichlia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.S.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
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22
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ONC201 and an MEK Inhibitor Trametinib Synergistically Inhibit the Growth of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101410. [PMID: 34680527 PMCID: PMC8533320 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2-negative breast cancers with poor clinical outcomes. The imipridone ONC201 is a G-protein-coupled dopamine receptor D2 modulator and an allosteric agonist of the mitochondrial protease caseinolytic protease P(ClpP), which induces apoptosis. Here, we aimed to develop a novel ONC201-based combination therapy targeting TNBC. We performed a reverse-phase protein array analysis of ONC201-treated/-untreated and -sensitive/-resistant cell lines to identify potential predictive biomarkers. A principal component analysis using measured protein expression levels, the apoptosis score (AS), and heatmaps of all the measured protein and AS-related protein expression levels did not show a clear correlation between the expression levels of a specific protein and ONC201 efficacy. Three-dimensional RNA interference kinome-wide library screening revealed the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways as potential synergistic therapeutic partners. The combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib successfully inhibited the growth of both ONC201-sensitive/-resistant TNBC cell lines. The baseline ClpP level correlated with the efficacy of single-agent ONC201. Single and combination therapy increased caspase 3/7 activity. The predictive biomarkers and a detailed mechanism of synergy beyond an induction of caspase activation should be tested for translation into future studies.
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Zhu M, Yang M, Zhang J, Yin Y, Fan X, Zhang Y, Qin S, Zhang H, Yu F. Immunogenic Cell Death Induction by Ionizing Radiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705361. [PMID: 34489957 PMCID: PMC8417736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) induced by various stresses and produces antitumor immunity via damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release or exposure, mainly including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Emerging evidence has suggested that ionizing radiation (IR) can induce ICD, and the dose, type, and fractionation of irradiation influence the induction of ICD. At present, IR-induced ICD is mainly verified in vitro in mice and there is few clinical evidence about it. To boost the induction of ICD by IR, some strategies have shown synergy with IR to enhance antitumor immune response, such as hyperthermia, nanoparticles, and chemotherapy. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of ICD, ICD-promoting factors associated with irradiation, the clinical evidence of ICD, and immunogenic forms of cell death. Finally, we summarize various methods of improving ICD induced by IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Crawford N, Stott KJ, Sessler T, McCann C, McDaid W, Lees A, Latimer C, Fox JP, Munck JM, Smyth T, Shah A, Martins V, Lawler M, Dunne PD, Kerr EM, McDade SS, Coyle VM, Longley DB. Clinical Positioning of the IAP Antagonist Tolinapant (ASTX660) in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1627-1639. [PMID: 34389694 PMCID: PMC7611622 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are intracellular proteins, with important roles in regulating cell death, inflammation, and immunity. Here, we examined the clinical and therapeutic relevance of IAPs in colorectal cancer. We found that elevated expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 (but not XIAP) significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) stage III colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting their involvement in promoting chemoresistance. A novel IAP antagonist tolinapant (ASTX660) potently and rapidly downregulated cIAP1 in colorectal cancer models, demonstrating its robust on-target efficacy. In cells co-cultured with TNFα to mimic an inflammatory tumor microenvironment, tolinapant induced caspase-8-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell line models; however, the extent of apoptosis was limited because of inhibition by the caspase-8 paralogs FLIP and, unexpectedly, caspase-10. Importantly, tolinapant-induced apoptosis was augmented by FOLFOX in human colorectal cancer and murine organoid models in vitro and in vivo, due (at least in part) to FOLFOX-induced downregulation of class I histone deacetylases (HDAC), leading to acetylation of the FLIP-binding partner Ku70 and downregulation of FLIP. Moreover, the effects of FOLFOX could be phenocopied using the clinically relevant class I HDAC inhibitor, entinostat, which also induced acetylation of Ku70 and FLIP downregulation. Further analyses revealed that caspase-8 knockout RIPK3-positive colorectal cancer models were sensitive to tolinapant-induced necroptosis, an effect that could be exploited in caspase-8-proficient models using the clinically relevant caspase inhibitor emricasan. Our study provides evidence for immediate clinical exploration of tolinapant in combination with FOLFOX in poor prognosis MSS colorectal cancer with elevated cIAP1/2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyree Crawford
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J Stott
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Sessler
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher McCann
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - William McDaid
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Lees
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Latimer
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer P Fox
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tomoko Smyth
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alpesh Shah
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Lawler
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Emma M Kerr
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky M Coyle
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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25
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Shen B, Dong X, Yuan B, Zhang Z. Molecular Markers of MDR of Chemotherapy for HSCC: Proteomic Screening With High-Throughput Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687320. [PMID: 34262870 PMCID: PMC8274423 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypopharyngeal squamous cell cancer (HSCC) is a head and neck tumor with a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy lacks effectiveness because of multidrug resistance (MDR), which has increased toxic side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the molecular markers of MDR of chemotherapy for HSCC. Methods Fifty clinical samples of HSCC were derived from patients including 12 sensitive or resistant to chemotherapy drugs. Proteomic screening was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which was based on data-independent acquisition. Molecular markers of MDR of chemotherapy in patients with HSCC were identified with clinical data and validated with ELISA. Results A total of 673 differentially expressed proteins were identified in HSCC samples, where 172 were upregulated and 501 were downregulated. A total of 183 differentially expressed proteins including 102 upregulated and 81 downregulated proteins, were identified by comparing cancer sensitive to chemotherapy with cancer resistant to chemotherapy. Clinical HSCC samples had significantly higher expression of FADD and significantly lower expression of RIPK1. Expressions of FADD and RIPK1 proteins were significantly lower in the chemotherapy-sensitive group. These expression differences were not correlated with clinical data. RIPK1 and FADD are involved in necroptosis and the signaling pathway of PRRs. Using ELISA, the low expression of RIPK1 and FADD was found in the patients sensitive to chemotherapy. Conclusion LC-MS proteomics is an effective method to identify the molecular markers of HSCC. FADD and RIPK1 can act as molecular markers of MDR of chemotherapy in patients with HSCC and may function through necroptosis and the PRR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Vathiotis IA, Johnson JM, Argiris A. Enhancing programmed cell death protein 1 axis inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Combination immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 97:102192. [PMID: 33819755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy has become the new standard in the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the population that benefits is small, warranting drug combinations and novel approaches. HNSCC is a profoundly immunosuppressive disease, characterized by the interplay among different immune regulatory pathways. As clinical trials evaluating immunotherapy combinations in patients with HNSCC have started producing preliminary results, preclinical evidence on potential new targets for combination immunotherapy continues to accumulate. This review summarizes emerging clinical and preclinical data on immunotherapy combinations for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Vathiotis
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer M Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Athanassios Argiris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Wang G, Zhang M, Cheng M, Wang X, Li K, Chen J, Chen Z, Chen S, Chen J, Xiong G, Xu X, Wang C, Chen D. Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Functions and regulatory mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:55-69. [PMID: 33741424 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has been recently reported to play a pivotal role in sustaining tumor cells survival and protecting them from immunotherapy and chemotherapy-induced death. It remains largely unknown how the specific signaling pathway exerts the tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma though previous studies have elucidated the regulatory mechanisms involve in tumor immune microenvironment, stromal cells, tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cell. These components are responsible for tumor progression as well as anti-cancer therapy resistance, leading to rapid tumor growth and treatment failure. In this review, we focus on discussing the interaction between tumor cells and the surrounding components for better understanding of anti-cancer treatment ineffectiveness and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganping Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kang Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gan Xiong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Xiuyun Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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28
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Knoll G, Ehrenschwender M. The non-peptidomimetic IAP antagonist ASTX660 sensitizes colorectal cancer cells for extrinsic apoptosis. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:714-723. [PMID: 33484626 PMCID: PMC7931242 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis resistance worsens treatment response in cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins can restore cell death and improve treatment efficacy. cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP belong to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family and block apoptosis. Targeting IAPs with peptides or peptidomimetics mimicking the IAP-antagonizing activity of the cell's endogenous IAP antagonist SMAC (SMAC mimetics) showed promising results and fueled development of novel compounds. ASTX660 belongs to the recently introduced class of non-peptidomimetic IAP antagonists and successfully completed phase I clinical trials. However, ASTX660 has thus far only been evaluated in few cancer entities. Here, we demonstrate that ASTX660 has cell death-promoting activity in colorectal cancer and provide a head-to-head comparison with birinapant, the clinically most advanced peptidomimetic IAP antagonist. ASTX660 facilitates activation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway upon stimulation with the death ligands TNF and TRAIL and boosts effector caspase activation and subsequent apoptosis. Mechanistically, ASTX660 enhances amplification of death receptor-generated apoptotic signals in a mitochondria-dependent manner. Failure to activate the mitochondria-associated (intrinsic) apoptosis pathway attenuated the apoptosis-promoting effect of ASTX660. Further clinical studies are warranted to highlight the therapeutic potential of ASTX660 in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Knoll
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and HygieneUniversity Hospital RegensburgGermany
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29
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Qian JM, Schoenfeld JD. Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Current Evidence and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608772. [PMID: 33614492 PMCID: PMC7886974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decade. However, although the immune landscape suggests a strong rationale for the use of these agents in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the available clinical evidence indicates that most patients currently do not respond to ICI monotherapy. Radiotherapy is a primary treatment modality for many patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. While ionizing radiation traditionally has been thought to act in a purely cytotoxic fashion, a growing body of preclinical studies have demonstrated additional profound immunomodulatory effects. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in the potential synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy, both the potential for radiotherapy to augment the systemic anti-tumor immune response and the potential for immunotherapy to improve in-field tumor response to radiation. In this review, we summarize the current preclinical and clinical evidence for radioimmunotherapy, with a particular focus on studies directly relevant to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as well as existing challenges and future directions for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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30
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Castelli V, Giordano A, Benedetti E, Giansanti F, Quintiliani M, Cimini A, d’Angelo M. The Great Escape: The Power of Cancer Stem Cells to Evade Programmed Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:328. [PMID: 33477367 PMCID: PMC7830655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Tumour malignancy is related to tumor heterogeneity, which has been suggested to be due to a small subpopulation of tumor cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs exert a key role in metastasis development, tumor recurrence, and also epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptotic resistance, self-renewal, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and drug resistance. Several current therapies fail to eradicate tumors due to the ability of CSCs to escape different programmed cell deaths. Thus, developing CSC-selective and programmed death-inducing therapeutic approaches appears to be of primary importance. In this review, we discuss the main programmed cell death occurring in cancer and the promising CSC-targeting agents developed in recent years. Even if the reported studies are encouraging, further investigations are necessary to establish a combination of agents able to eradicate CSCs or inhibit their growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Massimiliano Quintiliani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
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31
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Zhou X, Sun SC. Targeting ubiquitin signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33436547 PMCID: PMC7804490 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become an attractive approach of cancer treatment with tremendous success in treating various advanced malignancies. The development and clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors represent one of the most extraordinary accomplishments in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, considerable progress is being made in understanding the mechanism of antitumor immunity and characterizing novel targets for developing additional therapeutic approaches. One active area of investigation is protein ubiquitination, a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that regulates the function of diverse immune cells in antitumor immunity. Accumulating studies suggest that E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases form a family of potential targets to be exploited for enhancing antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Matrix Drug Screen Identifies Synergistic Drug Combinations to Augment SMAC Mimetic Activity in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123784. [PMID: 33334024 PMCID: PMC7765376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recurrent ovarian cancer is difficult to treat due to the development of chemotherapy resistance. This resistance develops through multiple mechanisms to include the avoidance of cell death by cancer cells. Prior studies have shown birinapant, a second mitochondrial activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic drug, to be promising in overcoming this acquired resistance. Despite good tolerability, however, therapy with single-agent birinapant exhibited minimal anti-cancer activity in women with recurrent ovarian cancer. By using a high-throughput drug screen we were able to identify potential therapeutic agents that augment birinapant activity, with docetaxel emerging favorably due to its marked synergy and known utility in the recurrent ovarian cancer setting. We showed that this synergy is the result of several complementary molecular pathways and hope to highlight the promising potential of this therapeutic drug combination for clinical testing where treatment options are often limited. Abstract Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are frequently upregulated in ovarian cancer, resulting in the evasion of apoptosis and enhanced cellular survival. Birinapant, a synthetic second mitochondrial activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic, suppresses the functions of IAP proteins in order to enhance apoptotic pathways and facilitate tumor death. Despite on-target activity, however, pre-clinical trials of single-agent birinapant have exhibited minimal activity in the recurrent ovarian cancer setting. To augment the therapeutic potential of birinapant, we utilized a high-throughput screening matrix to identify synergistic drug combinations. Of those combinations identified, birinapant plus docetaxel was selected for further evaluation, given its remarkable synergy both in vitro and in vivo. We showed that this synergy results from multiple convergent pathways to include increased caspase activation, docetaxel-mediated TNF-α upregulation, alternative NF-kB signaling, and birinapant-induced microtubule stabilization. These findings provide a rationale for the integration of birinapant and docetaxel in a phase 2 clinical trial for recurrent ovarian cancer where treatment options are often limited and minimally effective.
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Detection of immunogenic cell death and its relevance for cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1013. [PMID: 33243969 PMCID: PMC7691519 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, as well as targeted anticancer agents can induce clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses, which critically rely on the antigenicity of malignant cells and their capacity to generate adjuvant signals. In particular, immunogenic cell death (ICD) is accompanied by the exposure and release of numerous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which altogether confer a robust adjuvanticity to dying cancer cells, as they favor the recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells. ICD-associated DAMPs include surface-exposed calreticulin (CALR) as well as secreted ATP, annexin A1 (ANXA1), type I interferon, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Additional hallmarks of ICD encompass the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit-α (EIF2S1, better known as eIF2α), the activation of autophagy, and a global arrest in transcription and translation. Here, we outline methodological approaches for measuring ICD markers in vitro and ex vivo for the discovery of next-generation antineoplastic agents, the development of personalized anticancer regimens, and the identification of optimal therapeutic combinations for the clinical management of cancer.
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Nakajima K, Ino Y, Yamazaki-Itoh R, Naito C, Shimasaki M, Takahashi M, Esaki M, Nara S, Kishi Y, Shimada K, Hiraoka N. IAP inhibitor, Embelin increases VCAM-1 levels on the endothelium, producing lymphocytic infiltration and antitumor immunity. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1838812. [PMID: 33178497 PMCID: PMC7595596 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1838812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing unmet need for successful immunotherapeutic interventions. Lymphocyte extravasation via tumor tissue endothelial cells (TECs) is required for lymphocyte infiltration into tumor sites. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of dysfunctional TECs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and identify chemical compounds that boost tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) numbers. We performed immunohistochemical detection and clinicopathological analysis of VCAM-1 on TECs, which is essential for lymphocyte trafficking. We characterized the gene expression profiles of TECs from fresh PDAC tissues. We isolated compounds that upregulated VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression in TECs and examined their biological activities. Compared to endothelial cells from chronic pancreatitis tissue, TECs showed significantly lower VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression and significant weaknesses in lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration, resulting in decreased T cell infiltration around vessels. Patients with a relatively high percentage of VCAM-1+ vessels among all vessels in PDAC tissue had an improved prognosis. A bioinformatics survey demonstrated that TNFR1 signaling was involved in abnormal VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression in TECs. We screened compounds affecting TNFR1 signaling, and the IAP inhibitor, Embelin, induced these molecules on TECs and enhanced T cell adhesion to TECs and transmigration. Furthermore, in vivo, Embelin enhanced tumor-infiltrating T cell numbers, leading to an antitumor immune response. Embelin accelerates TIL infiltration and the antitumor immune response by recovering VCAM-1 expression in TECs. Our strategy may be a therapeutic approach for accelerating the immunotherapeutic response in immune-quiescent tumors, leading to clinical trials’ success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nakajima
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ino
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Yamazaki-Itoh
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Naito
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Shimasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Takahashi
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of FADD Upregulation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092393. [PMID: 32847023 PMCID: PMC7563729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated death domain (FADD) upregulation, i.e., gene amplification, protein phosphorylation and/or overexpression, has shown promising prognostic implications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of FADD upregulation in HNSCC. We searched studies published before February 2020 through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. We evaluated the quality of the studies included using the QUIPS tool. The impact of FADD upregulation on survival and clinicopathological variables was meta-analysed. We explored heterogeneity and their sources, conducted sensitivity analyses and investigated small-study effects. Thirteen studies (1,923 patients) met inclusion criteria. FADD immunohistochemical overexpression was statistically associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.28-1.81, p < 0.001), disease-specific survival (HR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.61-3.96, p < 0.001), disease-free survival (HR = 1.67, 95% CI=1.29-2.15, p < 0.001), higher clinical stage (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.17-2.51, p = 0.005) and a large magnitude of effect with N+ status (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.85-3.00, p < 0.001). FADD phosphorylation in ser-194 demonstrated no prognostic value, while no conclusive results can be drawn for FADD gene amplification. In conclusion, our findings indicate that immunohistochemical assessment of FADD overexpression could be incorporated into the prognostic evaluation of HNSCC.
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36
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Ye W, Gunti S, Allen CT, Hong Y, Clavijo PE, Van Waes C, Schmitt NC. ASTX660, an antagonist of cIAP1/2 and XIAP, increases antigen processing machinery and can enhance radiation-induced immunogenic cell death in preclinical models of head and neck cancer. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1710398. [PMID: 32002309 PMCID: PMC6959437 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1710398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonists have shown activity in preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and work across several cancer types has demonstrated diverse immune stimulatory effects including enhancement of T cell, NK cell, and dendritic cell function. However, tumor-cell-intrinsic mechanisms for this immune upregulation have been largely unexplored. In this study, we show that ASTX660, an antagonist of cIAP1/2 and XIAP, induces expression of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers in sensitive HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Experiments in syngeneic mouse models of HNSCC showed that ASTX660 can also enhance radiation-induced ICD in vivo. On a functional level, ASTX660 also enhanced killing of multiple murine cell lines by cytotoxic tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and when combined with XRT, stimulated clonal expansion of antigen-specific T lymphocytes and expression of MHC class I on the surface of tumor cells. Flow cytometry experiments in several human HNSCC cell lines showed that MHC class I (HLA-A,B,C) was reliably upregulated in response to ASTX660 + TNFα, while increases in other antigen processing machinery (APM) components were variable among different cell lines. These findings suggest that ASTX660 may enhance anti-tumor immunity both by promoting ICD and by enhancing antigen processing and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Ye
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Gunti
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clint T Allen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Youji Hong
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul E Clavijo
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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37
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Mita MM, LoRusso PM, Papadopoulos KP, Gordon MS, Mita AC, Ferraldeschi R, Keer H, Oganesian A, Su XY, Jueliger S, Tolcher AW. A Phase I Study of ASTX660, an Antagonist of Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins, in Adults with Advanced Cancers or Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2819-2826. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Ryan N, Anderson K, Volpedo G, Hamza O, Varikuti S, Satoskar AR, Oghumu S. STAT1 inhibits T-cell exhaustion and myeloid derived suppressor cell accumulation to promote antitumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1717-1729. [PMID: 31709529 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the oral cavity remain the sixth most diagnosed cancer worldwide, with high rates of recurrence and mortality. We determined the role of STAT1 during oral carcinogenesis using two orthotopic models in mice genetically deficient for Stat1. Metastatic (LY2) and nonmetastatic (B4B8) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines were injected into the oral cavity of Stat1 deficient (Stat1-/- ) and Stat1 competent (Stat1+/+ ) mice. Stat1-/- mice displayed increased tumor growth and metastasis compared to Stat1+/+ mice. Mechanistically, Stat1-/- mice displayed impaired CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expansion compared to Stat1+/+ mice. This was associated with enhanced T-cell exhaustion, and severely attenuated T-cell antitumor effector responses including reduced expression of IFN-γ and perforin at the tumor site. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production by T cells in tumor-bearing mice was suppressed by Stat1 deficiency. This deficiency in T-cell expansion and functional responses in mice was linked to PD-1 and CD69 overexpression in T cells of Stat1-/- mice. In contrast, we observed increased accumulation of CD11b+ Ly6G+ myeloid derived suppressor cells in tumors, draining lymph nodes, spleens and bone marrow of tumor-bearing Stat1-/- mice, resulting in a protumorigenic microenvironment. Our data demonstrates that STAT1 is an essential mediator of the antitumor response through inhibition of myeloid derived suppressor cell accumulation and promotion of T-cell mediated immune responses in murine head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Selective induction of STAT1 phosphorylation in HNSCC patients could potentially improve oral tumor outcomes and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Omar Hamza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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39
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Yang X, Cheng H, Chen J, Wang R, Saleh A, Si H, Lee S, Guven-Maiorov E, Keskin O, Gursoy A, Nussinov R, Fang J, Van Waes C, Chen Z. Head and Neck Cancers Promote an Inflammatory Transcriptome through Coactivation of Classic and Alternative NF-κB Pathways. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1760-1774. [PMID: 31624067 PMCID: PMC6941750 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) promote inflammation in the tumor microenvironment through aberrant NF-κB activation, but the genomic alterations and pathway networks that modulate NF-κB signaling have not been fully dissected. Here, we analyzed genome and transcriptome alterations of 279 HNSCC specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and identified 61 genes involved in NF-κB and inflammatory pathways. The top 30 altered genes were distributed across 96% of HNSCC samples, and their expression was often correlated with genomic copy-number alterations (CNA). Ten of the amplified genes were associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) status. We sequenced 15 HPV- and 11 HPV+ human HNSCC cell lines, and three oral mucosa keratinocyte lines, and supervised clustering revealed that 28 of 61 genes exhibit altered expression patterns concordant with HNSCC tissues and distinct signatures related to their HPV status. RNAi screening using an NF-κB reporter line identified 16 genes that are induced by TNFα or Lymphotoxin-β (LTβ) and implicated in the classic and/or alternative NF-κB pathways. Knockdown of TNFR, LTBR, or selected downstream signaling components established cross-talk between the classic and alternative NF-κB pathways. TNFα and LTβ induced differential gene expression involving the NF-κB, IFNγ, and STAT pathways, inflammatory cytokines, and metastasis-related genes. Improved survival was observed in HNSCC patients with elevated gene expression in T-cell activation, immune checkpoints, and IFNγ and STAT pathways. These gene signatures of NF-κB activation, which modulate inflammation and responses to the immune therapy, could serve as potential biomarkers in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui Cheng
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ru Wang
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony Saleh
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Han Si
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven Lee
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emine Guven-Maiorov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jugao Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section and Clinical Genomics Unit, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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40
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Yang L, Kumar B, Shen C, Zhao S, Blakaj D, Li T, Romito M, Teknos TN, Williams TM. LCL161, a SMAC-mimetic, Preferentially Radiosensitizes Human Papillomavirus-negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1025-1035. [PMID: 31015310 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) with second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics may promote cancer cell death. We tested whether cIAP1 predicts poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and whether a novel Smac-mimetic, LCL161, could radiosensitize human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) and -negative (HPV-) HNSCC. The association of BIRC2 (encoding cIAP1) mRNA level with HPV status in HNSCC was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. cIAP1 was assessed by IHC on an HNSCC tissue microarray (TMA, n = 84) followed by correlation analysis with HPV status and patient outcomes. Human cell culture and animal models of HNSCC were used to analyze the outcome and molecular characteristics following radiotherapy in combination with LCL161. cIAP1 expression is increased in HPV- compared with HPV+HNSCC tumors in the TCGA database. In our TMA, cIAP1 was overexpressed in HNSCC compared with normal tissues (P = 0.0003) and associated with a poor overall survival (P = 0.0402). cIAP1 levels were higher in HPV- than that in HPV+HNSCC tumors (P = 0.004) and patients with cIAP1+/HPV- HNSCC had the worst survival. LCL161 effectively radiosensitized HPV- HNSCC cells, which was accompanied with enhanced apoptosis, but not HPV+ HNSCC cells. Importantly, LCL161 in combination with radiotherapy led to dramatic tumor regression of HPV- HNSCC tumor xenografts, accompanied by cIAP1 degradation and apoptosis activation. These results reveal that cIAP1 is a prognostic and a potential therapeutic biomarker for HNSCC, and targeting cIAP1 with LCL161 preferentially radiosensitizes HPV- HNSCC, providing justification for clinical testing of LCL161 in combination with radiation for patients with HPV- HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Changxian Shen
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dukagjin Blakaj
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tianyun Li
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mitchell Romito
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Theodoros N Teknos
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Terence M Williams
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio.
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41
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Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are a family of proteins that were chiefly known for their ability to inhibit apoptosis by blocking caspase activation or activity. Recent research has shown that cellular IAP1 (cIAP1), cIAP2, and X-linked IAP (XIAP) also regulate signaling by receptors of the innate immune system by ubiquitylating their substrates. These IAPs thereby act at the intersection of pathways leading to cell death and inflammation. Mutation of IAP genes can impair tissue homeostasis and is linked to several human diseases. Small-molecule IAP antagonists have been developed to treat certain malignant, infectious, and inflammatory diseases. Here, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the functions of cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP; the consequences of their mutation or dysregulation; and the therapeutic potential of IAP antagonist drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Lalaoui
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - David Lawrence Vaux
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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