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Xu L, Feng X, Wang D, Gao F, Feng C, Shan Q, Wang G, Yang F, Zhang J, Hou J, Sun D, Wang T. Improved Liver Intravital Microscopic Imaging Using a Film-Assisted Stabilization Method. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 39228132 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a valuable method for biomedical characterization of dynamic processes, which has been applied to many fields such as neuroscience, oncology, and immunology. During IVM, vibration suppression is a major challenge due to the inevitable respiration and heartbeat from live animals. In this study, taking liver IVM as an example, we have unraveled the vibration inhibition effect of liquid bridges by studying the friction characteristics of a moist surface on the mouse liver. We confirmed the presence of liquid bridges on the liver through fluorescence imaging, which can provide microscale and nondestructive liquid connections between adjacent surfaces. Liquid bridges were constructed to sufficiently stabilize the liver after abdominal dissection by covering it with a polymer film, taking advantage of the high adhesion properties of liquid bridges. We further prototyped a microscope-integrated vibration-damping device with adjustable film tension to simplify the sample preparation procedure, which remarkably decreased the liver vibration. In practical application scenarios, we observed the process of liposome phagocytosis by liver Kupffer cells with significantly improved image and video quality. Collectively, our method not only provided a feasible solution to vibration suppression in the field of IVM, but also has the potential to be applied to vibration damping of precision instruments or other fields that require nondestructive ″soft″ vibration damping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libang Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobing Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dazhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of No.1 Operating Room, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chenxu Feng
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiji Shan
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ge Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Equipment, Ningcheng Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medicine Hospital, Chifeng 024200, China
| | - Jingwei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Donglei Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tiesheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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2
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Wang C, Hezam K, Fu E, Pan K, Liu Y, Li Z. In vivo tracking of mesenchymal stem cell dynamics and therapeutics in LPS-induced acute lung injury models. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:114013. [PMID: 38555014 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used to treat various inflammatory and immune-related diseases in preclinical and clinical settings. Intravital microscopy (IVM) is considered the gold standard for investigating pathophysiological conditions in living animals. However, the potential for real-time monitoring of MSCs in the pulmonary microenvironment remains underexplored. In this study, we first constructed a lung window and captured changes in the lung at the cellular level under both inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions with a microscope. We further investigated the dynamics and effects of MSCs under two different conditions. Meanwhile, we assessed the alterations in the adhesive capacity of vascular endothelial cells in vitro to investigate the underlying mechanisms of MSC retention in an inflammatory environment. This study emphasizes the importance of the "lung window" for live imaging of the cellular behavior of MSCs by vein injection. Moreover, our results revealed that the upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) in endothelial cells post-inflammatory injury could enhance MSC retention in the lung, further ameliorating acute lung injury. In summary, intravital microscopy imaging provides a practical method to investigate the therapeutic effects of MSCs in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300052, China; The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Kamal Hezam
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Enze Fu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300052, China; The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
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3
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Chioccioli M, Liu S, Magruder S, Tata A, Borriello L, McDonough JE, Konkimalla A, Kim SH, Nouws J, Gonzalez DG, Traub B, Ye X, Yang T, Entenberg DR, Krishnaswamy S, Hendry CE, Kaminski N, Tata PR, Sauler M. Stem cell migration drives lung repair in living mice. Dev Cell 2024; 59:830-840.e4. [PMID: 38377991 PMCID: PMC11003834 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Tissue repair requires a highly coordinated cellular response to injury. In the lung, alveolar type 2 cells (AT2s) act as stem cells to replenish both themselves and alveolar type 1 cells (AT1s); however, the complex orchestration of stem cell activity after injury is poorly understood. Here, we establish longitudinal imaging of AT2s in murine intact tissues ex vivo and in vivo in order to track their dynamic behavior over time. We discover that a large fraction of AT2s become motile following injury and provide direct evidence for their migration between alveolar units. High-resolution morphokinetic mapping of AT2s further uncovers the emergence of distinct motile phenotypes. Inhibition of AT2 migration via genetic depletion of ArpC3 leads to impaired regeneration of AT2s and AT1s in vivo. Together, our results establish a requirement for stem cell migration between alveolar units and identify properties of stem cell motility at high cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chioccioli
- Department of Genetics and Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sumner Magruder
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - John E McDonough
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Arvind Konkimalla
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jessica Nouws
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics and Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Brian Traub
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xianjun Ye
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Section of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - David R Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics and Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Caroline E Hendry
- Department of Genetics and Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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4
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Mierke CT. Phenotypic Heterogeneity, Bidirectionality, Universal Cues, Plasticity, Mechanics, and the Tumor Microenvironment Drive Cancer Metastasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 38397421 PMCID: PMC10887446 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor diseases become a huge problem when they embark on a path that advances to malignancy, such as the process of metastasis. Cancer metastasis has been thoroughly investigated from a biological perspective in the past, whereas it has still been less explored from a physical perspective. Until now, the intraluminal pathway of cancer metastasis has received the most attention, while the interaction of cancer cells with macrophages has received little attention. Apart from the biochemical characteristics, tumor treatments also rely on the tumor microenvironment, which is recognized to be immunosuppressive and, as has recently been found, mechanically stimulates cancer cells and thus alters their functions. The review article highlights the interaction of cancer cells with other cells in the vascular metastatic route and discusses the impact of this intercellular interplay on the mechanical characteristics and subsequently on the functionality of cancer cells. For instance, macrophages can guide cancer cells on their intravascular route of cancer metastasis, whereby they can help to circumvent the adverse conditions within blood or lymphatic vessels. Macrophages induce microchannel tunneling that can possibly avoid mechanical forces during extra- and intravasation and reduce the forces within the vascular lumen due to vascular flow. The review article highlights the vascular route of cancer metastasis and discusses the key players in this traditional route. Moreover, the effects of flows during the process of metastasis are presented, and the effects of the microenvironment, such as mechanical influences, are characterized. Finally, the increased knowledge of cancer metastasis opens up new perspectives for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth System Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Lin Q, Choyke PL, Sato N. Visualizing vasculature and its response to therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2023; 13:5223-5246. [PMID: 37908739 PMCID: PMC10614675 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature plays a critical role in the progression and metastasis of tumors, antitumor immunity, drug delivery, and resistance to therapies. The morphological and functional changes of tumor vasculature in response to therapy take place in a spatiotemporal-dependent manner, which can be predictive of treatment outcomes. Dynamic monitoring of intratumor vasculature contributes to an improved understanding of the mechanisms of action of specific therapies or reasons for treatment failure, leading to therapy optimization. There is a rich history of methods used to image the vasculature. This review describes recent advances in imaging technologies to visualize the tumor vasculature, with a focus on enhanced intravital imaging techniques and tumor window models. We summarize new insights on spatial-temporal vascular responses to various therapies, including changes in vascular perfusion and permeability and immune-vascular crosstalk, obtained from intravital imaging. Finally, we briefly discuss the clinical applications of intravital imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Genna A, Duran CL, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS, Cox D. Macrophages Promote Tumor Cell Extravasation across an Endothelial Barrier through Thin Membranous Connections. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2092. [PMID: 37046751 PMCID: PMC10093384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important players involved in the progression of breast cancer, including in seeding the metastatic niche. However, the mechanism by which macrophages in the lung parenchyma interact with tumor cells in the vasculature to promote tumor cell extravasation at metastatic sites is not clear. To mimic macrophage-driven tumor cell extravasation, we used an in vitro assay (eTEM) in which an endothelial monolayer and a matrigel-coated filter separated tumor cells and macrophages from each other. The presence of macrophages promoted tumor cell extravasation, while macrophage conditioned media was insufficient to stimulate tumor cell extravasation in vitro. This finding is consistent with a requirement for direct contact between macrophages and tumor cells. We observed the presence of Thin Membranous Connections (TMCs) resembling similar structures formed between macrophages and tumor cells called tunneling nanotubes, which we previously demonstrated to be important in tumor cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. To determine if TMCs are important for tumor cell extravasation, we used macrophages with reduced levels of endogenous M-Sec (TNFAIP2), which causes a defect in tunneling nanotube formation. As predicted, these macrophages showed reduced macrophage-tumor cell TMCs. In both, human and murine breast cancer cell lines, there was also a concomitant reduction in tumor cell extravasation in vitro when co-cultured with M-Sec deficient macrophages compared to control macrophages. We also detected TMCs formed between macrophages and tumor cells through the endothelial layer in the eTEM assay. Furthermore, tumor cells were more frequently found in pores under the endothelium that contain macrophage protrusions. To determine the role of macrophage-tumor cell TMCs in vivo, we generated an M-Sec deficient mouse. Using an in vivo model of experimental metastasis, we detected a significant reduction in the number of metastatic lesions in M-Sec deficient mice compared to wild type mice. There was no difference in the size of the metastases, consistent with a defect specific to tumor cell extravasation and not metastatic outgrowth. Additionally, with an examination of time-lapse intravital-imaging (IVI) data sets of breast cancer cell extravasation in the lungs, we could detect the presence of TMCs between extravascular macrophages and vascular tumor cells. Overall, our data indicate that macrophage TMCs play an important role in promoting the extravasation of circulating tumor cells in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Genna
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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7
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Genna A, Duran CL, Entenberg D, Condeelis J, Cox D. Macrophages Promote Tumor Cell Extravasation across an Endothelial Barrier through Thin Membranous Connections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528161. [PMID: 36824832 PMCID: PMC9948990 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important players involved in the progression of breast cancer, including in seeding the metastatic niche. However, the mechanism by which macrophages in the lung parenchyma interact with tumor cells in the vasculature to promote tumor cell extravasation at metastatic sites is not clear. To mimic macrophage-driven tumor cell extravasation, we used an in vitro assay (eTEM) in which an endothelial monolayer and a matrigel-coated filter separated tumor cells and macrophages from each other. The presence of macrophages promoted tumor cell extravasation while macrophage conditioned media was insufficient to stimulate tumor cell extravasation in vitro . This finding is consistent with a requirement for direct contact between macrophages and tumor cells. We observed the presence of Thin Membranous Connections (TMCs) resembling similar structures formed between macrophages and tumor cells called tunneling nanotubes which we previously demonstrated to be important in tumor cell invasion in vitro and in vivo (Hanna 2019). To determine if TMCs are important for tumor cell extravasation, we used macrophages with reduced levels of endogenous M-Sec (TNFAIP2), which causes a defect in tunneling nanotube formation. As predicted, these macrophages showed reduced macrophage-tumor cell TMCs. In both, human and murine breast cancer cell lines, there was also a concomitant reduction in tumor cell extravasation in vitro when co-cultured with M-Sec deficient macrophages compared to control macrophages. We also detected TMCs formed between macrophages and tumor cells through the endothelial layer in the eTEM assay. Furthermore, tumor cells were more frequently found in pores under the endothelium that contain macrophage protrusions. To determine the role of macrophage-tumor cell TMCs in vivo , we generated an M-Sec deficient mouse. Using an in vivo model of experimental metastasis, we detected a significant reduction in the number of metastatic lesions in M-Sec deficient mice compared to wild type mice. There was no difference in the size of the metastases, consistent with a defect specific to tumor cell extravasation and not metastatic outgrowth. Additionally, examination of time-lapse intravital-imaging (IVI) data sets of breast cancer cell extravasation in the lung, we could detect the presence of TMCs between extravascular macrophages and vascular tumor cells. Overall, our data indicate that macrophage TMCs play an important role in promoting the extravasation of circulating tumor cells in the lung.
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8
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Abstract
Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant. Clinical correlative data and a plethora of preclinical studies in mouse models of cancers have shown that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a cancer-promoting role. Within the primary tumour, TAMs promote tumour cell invasion and intravasation and tumour stem cell viability and induce angiogenesis. At the metastatic site, metastasis-associated macrophages promote extravasation, tumour cell survival and persistent growth, as well as maintain tumour cell dormancy in some contexts. In both the primary and metastatic sites, TAMs are suppressive to the activities of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells that have the potential to eradicate tumours. Such activities suggest that TAMs will be a major target for therapeutic intervention. In this Perspective article, we chronologically explore the evolution of our understanding of TAM biology put into the context of major enabling advances in macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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9
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Babes L, Yipp BG, Senger DL. Intravital Microscopy of the Metastatic Pulmonary Environment. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2614:383-396. [PMID: 36587137 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2914-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Real-time in vivo imaging has become an integral tool for the investigation and understanding of cellular processes in health and disease at single-cell resolution. This includes the dynamic and complex cellular interactions that occur during cancer progression and the subsequent metastatic dissemination of tumor cells to sites distant from the primary tumor. Herein we outline the methodology for the establishment and intravital imaging of the pulmonary metastatic niche, a preferred site of metastasis for many cancers, and describe the implementation of a lung window to visualize and dissect the intricate behaviour of multiple cell types within this environment. We also address the advantages and limitations of this high-resolution technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Babes
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bryan George Yipp
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Donna Lorraine Senger
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Intravital imaging to study cancer progression and metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:25-42. [PMID: 36385560 PMCID: PMC9912378 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Navigation through the bulk tumour, entry into the blood vasculature, survival in the circulation, exit at distant sites and resumption of proliferation are all steps necessary for tumour cells to successfully metastasize. The ability of tumour cells to complete these steps is highly dependent on the timing and sequence of the interactions that these cells have with the tumour microenvironment (TME), including stromal cells, the extracellular matrix and soluble factors. The TME thus plays a major role in determining the overall metastatic phenotype of tumours. The complexity and cause-and-effect dynamics of the TME cannot currently be recapitulated in vitro or inferred from studies of fixed tissue, and are best studied in vivo, in real time and at single-cell resolution. Intravital imaging (IVI) offers these capabilities, and recent years have been a time of immense growth and innovation in the field. Here we review some of the recent advances in IVI of mammalian models of cancer and describe how IVI is being used to understand cancer progression and metastasis, and to develop novel treatments and therapies. We describe new techniques that allow access to a range of tissue and cancer types, novel fluorescent reporters and biosensors that allow fate mapping and the probing of functional and phenotypic states, and the clinical applications that have arisen from applying these techniques, reporters and biosensors to study cancer. We finish by presenting some of the challenges that remain in the field, how to address them and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Entenberg
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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11
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Rodriguez-Tirado C, Entenberg D, Li J, Qian BZ, Condeelis JS, Pollard JW. Interleukin 4 Controls the Pro-Tumoral Role of Macrophages in Mammary Cancer Pulmonary Metastasis in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4336. [PMID: 36077870 PMCID: PMC9454655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the systemic manifestation of cancer and the main cause of death from breast cancer. In mouse models of lung metastases, recruitment of classical monocytes from blood to the lung and their differentiation to metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs) facilitate cancer cell extravasation, survival and growth. Ablation of MAMs or their monocytic progenitors inhibits metastasis. We hypothesized that factors controlling macrophage polarization modulate tumor cell extravasation in the lung. We evaluated whether signaling by Th1 or Th2 cytokines in macrophages affected transendothelial migration of tumor cells in vitro. Interferon gamma and LPS inhibited macrophage-dependent tumor cell extravasation while the Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL4) enhanced this process. We demonstrated that IL4 receptor (IL4rα)-null mice developed fewer and smaller lung metastasis in E0771-LG mammary cancer models of this disease. Adoptive transfer of wild-type monocytes to IL4rα-deficient mice partially rescued this phenotype. IL4 signaling in macrophages controlled the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR2, necessary for IL4-mediated tumor cell extravasation in vitro. Furthermore, IL4 signaling in macrophages regulated the transcript abundance of several other genes already causally associated with mammary cancer lung metastasis including Ccl2, Csf1, Ccr1, Hgf and Flt1. The central role of IL4 signaling in MAMs was confirmed by high-resolution intravital imaging of the lung in mice at the time of metastatic seeding, which showed reduced physical interaction between tumor cells and IL4rα-deficient macrophages. This interaction with wild-type MAMs enhanced tumor cell survival and seeding, which was lost in the IL4rα mice. These data indicate that IL4 signaling in monocytes and macrophages is key during seeding and growth of breast metastasis in the lung, as it regulates pro-tumoral paracrine signaling between cancer cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodriguez-Tirado
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Pollard
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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12
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Assessment of MRI to estimate metastatic dissemination risk and prometastatic effects of chemotherapy. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:101. [PMID: 36056005 PMCID: PMC9440218 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination in breast cancer is regulated by specialized intravasation sites called “tumor microenvironment of metastasis” (TMEM) doorways, composed of a tumor cell expressing the actin-regulatory protein Mena, a perivascular macrophage, and an endothelial cell, all in stable physical contact. High TMEM doorway number is associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis in human breast cancer and mouse models of breast carcinoma. Here, we developed a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology, called TMEM Activity-MRI, to detect TMEM-associated vascular openings that serve as the portal of entry for cancer cell intravasation and metastatic dissemination. We demonstrate that TMEM Activity-MRI correlates with primary tumor TMEM doorway counts in both breast cancer patients and mouse models, including MMTV-PyMT and patient-derived xenograft models. In addition, TMEM Activity-MRI is reduced in mouse models upon treatment with rebastinib, a specific and potent TMEM doorway inhibitor. TMEM Activity-MRI is an assay that specifically measures TMEM-associated vascular opening (TAVO) events in the tumor microenvironment, and as such, can be utilized in mechanistic studies investigating molecular pathways of cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Finally, we demonstrate that TMEM Activity-MRI increases upon treatment with paclitaxel in mouse models, consistent with prior observations that chemotherapy enhances TMEM doorway assembly and activity in human breast cancer. Our findings suggest that TMEM Activity-MRI is a promising precision medicine tool for localized breast cancer that could be used as a non-invasive test to determine metastatic risk and serve as an intermediate pharmacodynamic biomarker to monitor therapeutic response to agents that block TMEM doorway-mediated dissemination.
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13
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Borriello L, Coste A, Traub B, Sharma VP, Karagiannis GS, Lin Y, Wang Y, Ye X, Duran CL, Chen X, Friedman M, Sosa MS, Sun D, Dalla E, Singh DK, Oktay MH, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Condeelis JS, Entenberg D. Primary tumor associated macrophages activate programs of invasion and dormancy in disseminating tumor cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:626. [PMID: 35110548 PMCID: PMC8811052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are initiated by disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) that colonize distant organs. Growing evidence suggests that the microenvironment of the primary tumor primes DTCs for dormant or proliferative fates. However, the manner in which this occurs remains poorly understood. Here, using the Window for High-Resolution Intravital Imaging of the Lung (WHRIL), we study the live lung longitudinally and follow the fate of individual DTCs that spontaneously disseminate from orthotopic breast tumors. We find that spontaneously DTCs have increased levels of retention, increased speed of extravasation, and greater survival after extravasation, compared to experimentally metastasized tumor cells. Detailed analysis reveals that a subset of macrophages within the primary tumor induces a pro-dissemination and pro-dormancy DTC phenotype. Our work provides insight into how specific primary tumor microenvironments prime a subpopulation of cells for expression of proteins associated with dissemination and dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Borriello
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anouchka Coste
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Brian Traub
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ved P Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute and, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xianjun Ye
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Camille L Duran
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Madeline Friedman
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Soledad Sosa
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Sun
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute and, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Erica Dalla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Singh
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute and, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute and, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute and, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute and, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute and, Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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14
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Güç E, Pollard JW. Redefining macrophage and neutrophil biology in the metastatic cascade. Immunity 2021; 54:885-902. [PMID: 33979586 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells metastasize to distant organs through a complex series of events that are driven by tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In particular, non-malignant stromal cells, including immune cells, modify tumor metastatic behavior. Of these cells, tumor-associated innate immune cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils, suppress the cytotoxic activity of innate and adaptive killer cells and interact with tumor cells to promote their growth and malignancy. These findings in mouse cancer models suggest that targeting these sub-populations of immune cells holds therapeutic promise in treating metastatic disease. In this review, we describe the origin and role of the macrophages, neutrophils, and their progenitors in the metastatic cascade and suggest strategies that might enhance cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Güç
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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15
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Choo YW, Jeong J, Jung K. Recent advances in intravital microscopy for investigation of dynamic cellular behavior in vivo. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32475382 PMCID: PMC7396917 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.7.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, most biological research relies on conventional experimental techniques that allow only static analyses at certain time points in vitro or ex vivo. However, if one could visualize cellular dynamics in living organisms, that would provide a unique opportunity to study key biological phenomena in vivo. Intravital microscopy (IVM) encompasses diverse optical systems for direct viewing of objects, including biological structures and individual cells in live animals. With the current development of devices and techniques, IVM addresses important questions in various fields of biological and biomedical sciences. In this mini-review, we provide a general introduction to IVM and examples of recent applications in the field of immunology, oncology, and vascular biology. We also introduce an advanced type of IVM, dubbed real-time IVM, equipped with video-rate resonant scanning. Since the real-time IVM can render cellular dynamics with high temporal resolution in vivo, it allows visualization and analysis of rapid biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Woong Choo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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16
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Alizadeh-Tabrizi N, Hall S, Lehmann C. Intravital Imaging of Pulmonary Immune Response in Inflammation and Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620471. [PMID: 33520993 PMCID: PMC7843704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a unique imaging method providing insights in cellular functions and interactions in real-time, without the need for tissue extraction from the body. IVM of the lungs has specific challenges such as restricted organ accessibility, respiratory movements, and limited penetration depth. Various surgical approaches and microscopic setups have been adapted in order to overcome these challenges. Among others, these include the development of suction stabilized lung windows and the use of more advanced optical techniques. Consequently, lung IVM has uncovered mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment and function in several models of pulmonary inflammation and infection. This review focuses on bacterial pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, sepsis-induced acute lung Injury, and cystic fibrosis, as examples of lung inflammation and infection. In addition, critical details of intravital imaging techniques of the lungs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Hall
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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17
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Ombrato L, Montagner M. Technical Advancements for Studying Immune Regulation of Disseminated Dormant Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:594514. [PMID: 33251149 PMCID: PMC7672194 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.594514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases are a major cause of cancer-related death and despite the fact that they have been focus of intense research over the last two decades, effective therapies for patients with distant secondary lesions are still very limited. In addition, in some tumor types metastases can grow years after the patients have been declared clinically cured, indicating that disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) persist undetected for years, even decades in a quiescent state. Clinical and experimental data highlight the importance of the immune system in shaping the fitness and behaviour of DCCs. Here, we review mechanisms of survival, quiescence and outgrowth of DCCs with a special focus on immune-regulation and we highlight the latest cutting-edge techniques for modelling the biology of DCCs in vitro and for studying the metastatic niche in vivo. We believe that a wide dissemination of those techniques will boost scientific findings towards new therapies to defeat metastatic relapses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ombrato
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Montagner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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18
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Margarido AS, Bornes L, Vennin C, van Rheenen J. Cellular Plasticity during Metastasis: New Insights Provided by Intravital Microscopy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037267. [PMID: 31615867 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a highly dynamic process during which cancer and microenvironmental cells undergo a cascade of events required for efficient dissemination throughout the body. During the metastatic cascade, tumor cells can change their state and behavior, a phenomenon commonly defined as cellular plasticity. To monitor cellular plasticity during metastasis, high-resolution intravital microscopy (IVM) techniques have been developed and allow us to visualize individual cells by repeated imaging in animal models. In this review, we summarize the latest technological advancements in the field of IVM and how they have been applied to monitor metastatic events. In particular, we highlight how longitudinal imaging in native tissues can provide new insights into the plastic physiological and developmental processes that are hijacked by cancer cells during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Margarido
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bornes
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Vennin
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Maloney C, Kallis MP, Edelman M, Tzanavaris C, Lesser M, Soffer SZ, Symons M, Steinberg BM. Gefitinib Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma via Inhibition of Macrophage Receptor Interacting Serine-Threonine Kinase 2. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1340-1350. [PMID: 32371577 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with osteosarcoma have subclinical pulmonary micrometastases at diagnosis. Mounting evidence suggests that macrophages facilitate metastasis. As the EGFR has been implicated in carcinoma-macrophage cross-talk, in this study, we asked whether gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, reduces osteosarcoma invasion and metastatic outgrowth using the K7M2-Balb/c syngeneic murine model. Macrophages enhanced osteosarcoma invasion in vitro, which was suppressed by gefitinib. Oral gefitinib inhibited tumor extravasation in the lung and reduced the size of metastatic foci, resulting in reduced metastatic burden. Gefitinib also altered pulmonary macrophage phenotype, increasing MHCII and decreasing CD206 expression compared with controls. Surprisingly, these effects are mediated through inhibition of macrophage receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), rather than EGFR. Supporting this, lapatinib, a highly specific EGFR inhibitor that does not inhibit RIPK2, had no effect on macrophage-promoted invasion, and RIPK2-/- macrophages failed to promote invasion. The selective RIPK2 inhibitor WEHI-345 blocked tumor cell invasion in vitro and reduced metastatic burden in vivo In conclusion, our results indicate that gefitinib blocks macrophage-promoted invasion and metastatic extravasation by reprogramming macrophages through inhibition of RIPK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maloney
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Michelle P Kallis
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Morris Edelman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Christopher Tzanavaris
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Martin Lesser
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Samuel Z Soffer
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Marc Symons
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Bettie M Steinberg
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.
- Karches Center for Oncology, The Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
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20
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Coste A, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS, Entenberg D. Intravital Imaging Techniques for Biomedical and Clinical Research. Cytometry A 2020; 97:448-457. [PMID: 31889408 PMCID: PMC7210060 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging, the direct visualization of cells and tissues within a living animal, is a technique that has been employed for the better part of a century. The advent of confocal and multiphoton microscopy has dramatically improved the power of intravital imaging, making it possible to obtain optical sections of tissues non-destructively. This review discusses the various techniques used for intravital imaging, describes how intravital imaging provides information about cellular and tissue dynamics not possible to be garnered by other techniques, and details several ways in which intravital imaging is making a direct impact on the clinical care of patients. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouchka Coste
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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21
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Mendoza-Reinoso V, McCauley LK, Fournier PG. Contribution of Macrophages and T Cells in Skeletal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 32326073 PMCID: PMC7226332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site for metastases with a local microenvironment that is highly conducive for tumor establishment and growth. The bone marrow is replete with myeloid and lymphoid linage cells that provide a fertile niche for metastatic cancer cells promoting their survival and growth. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages and T cells in pro- and anti-tumoral mechanisms, their interaction to support cancer cell growth, and their contribution to the development of skeletal metastases. Importantly, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophages and T cells in cancer are also discussed in this review as they represent a great promise for patients suffering from incurable bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mendoza-Reinoso
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierrick G.J. Fournier
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, BC 22860, Mexico
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22
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Ueki H, Wang IH, Zhao D, Gunzer M, Kawaoka Y. Multicolor two-photon imaging of in vivo cellular pathophysiology upon influenza virus infection using the two-photon IMPRESS. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1041-1065. [PMID: 31996843 PMCID: PMC7086515 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vivo two-photon imaging is a valuable technique for studies of viral pathogenesis and host responses to infection in vivo. In this protocol, we describe a methodology for analyzing influenza virus-infected lung in vivo by two-photon imaging microscopy. We describe the surgical procedure, how to stabilize the lung, and an approach to analyzing the data. Further, we provide a database of fluorescent dyes, antibodies, and reporter mouse lines that can be used in combination with a reporter influenza virus (Color-flu) for multicolor analysis. Setup of this model typically takes ~30 min and enables the observation of influenza virus-infected lungs for >4 h during the acute phase of the inflammation and at least 1 h in the lethal phase. This imaging system, which we termed two-photon IMPRESS (imaging pathophysiology research system), is broadly applicable to analyses of other respiratory pathogens and reveals disease progression at the cellular level in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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23
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Fernandez A, Thompson EJ, Pollard JW, Kitamura T, Vendrell M. A Fluorescent Activatable AND‐Gate Chemokine CCL2 Enables In Vivo Detection of Metastasis‐Associated Macrophages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Emily J. Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
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24
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Fernandez A, Thompson EJ, Pollard JW, Kitamura T, Vendrell M. A Fluorescent Activatable AND-Gate Chemokine CCL2 Enables In Vivo Detection of Metastasis-Associated Macrophages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16894-16898. [PMID: 31535788 PMCID: PMC6900180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the novel chemical design of fluorescent activatable chemokines as highly specific functional probes for imaging subpopulations of immune cells in live tumours. Activatable chemokines behave as AND-gates since they emit only after receptor binding and intracellular activation, showing enhanced selectivity over existing agents. We have applied this strategy to produce mCCL2-MAF as the first probe for in vivo detection of metastasis-associated macrophages in a preclinical model of lung metastasis. This strategy will accelerate the preparation of new chemokine-based probes for imaging immune cell function in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Emily J. Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Jeffrey W. Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh47 Little France CrescentEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
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25
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Di Martino JS, Mondal C, Bravo-Cordero JJ. Textures of the tumour microenvironment. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:619-629. [PMID: 31654075 PMCID: PMC6839695 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present recent findings on the dynamic nature of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and how intravital microscopy studies have defined TME components in a spatiotemporal manner. Intravital microscopy has shed light into the nature of the TME, revealing structural details of both tumour cells and other TME co-habitants in vivo, how these cells communicate with each other, and how they are organized in three-dimensional space to orchestrate tumour growth, invasion, dissemination and metastasis. We will review different imaging tools, imaging reporters and fate-mapping strategies that have begun to uncover the complexity of the TME in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Di Martino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chandrani Mondal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Zhu S, Tian R, Antaris AL, Chen X, Dai H. Near-Infrared-II Molecular Dyes for Cancer Imaging and Surgery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900321. [PMID: 31025403 PMCID: PMC6555689 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence bioimaging affords a vital tool for both researchers and surgeons to molecularly target a variety of biological tissues and processes. This review focuses on summarizing organic dyes emitting at a biological transparency window termed the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) window, where minimal light interaction with the surrounding tissues allows photons to travel nearly unperturbed throughout the body. NIR-II fluorescence imaging overcomes the penetration/contrast bottleneck of imaging in the visible region, making it a remarkable modality for early diagnosis of cancer and highly sensitive tumor surgery. Due to their convenient bioconjugation with peptides/antibodies, NIR-II molecular dyes are desirable candidates for targeted cancer imaging, significantly overcoming the autofluorescence/scattering issues for deep tissue molecular imaging. To promote the clinical translation of NIR-II bioimaging, advancements in the high-performance small molecule-derived probes are critically important. Here, molecules with clinical potential for NIR-II imaging are discussed, summarizing the synthesis and chemical structures of NIR-II dyes, chemical and optical properties of NIR-II dyes, bioconjugation and biological behavior of NIR-II dyes, whole body imaging with NIR-II dyes for cancer detection and surgery, as well as NIR-II fluorescence microscopy imaging. A key perspective on the direction of NIR-II molecular dyes for cancer imaging and surgery is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rui Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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27
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Ghanbari L, Carter RE, Rynes ML, Dominguez J, Chen G, Naik A, Hu J, Sagar MAK, Haltom L, Mossazghi N, Gray MM, West SL, Eliceiri KW, Ebner TJ, Kodandaramaiah SB. Cortex-wide neural interfacing via transparent polymer skulls. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1500. [PMID: 30940809 PMCID: PMC6445105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural computations occurring simultaneously in multiple cerebral cortical regions are critical for mediating behaviors. Progress has been made in understanding how neural activity in specific cortical regions contributes to behavior. However, there is a lack of tools that allow simultaneous monitoring and perturbing neural activity from multiple cortical regions. We engineered ‘See-Shells’—digitally designed, morphologically realistic, transparent polymer skulls that allow long-term (>300 days) optical access to 45 mm2 of the dorsal cerebral cortex in the mouse. We demonstrate the ability to perform mesoscopic imaging, as well as cellular and subcellular resolution two-photon imaging of neural structures up to 600 µm deep. See-Shells allow calcium imaging from multiple, non-contiguous regions across the cortex. Perforated See-Shells enable introducing penetrating neural probes to perturb or record neural activity simultaneously with whole cortex imaging. See-Shells are constructed using common desktop fabrication tools, providing a powerful tool for investigating brain structure and function. Imaging the mouse brain using glass cranial windows has limitations in terms of flexibility and long-term imaging. Here the authors engineer transparent polymer skulls that can fit various skull morphologies and can be implanted for over 300 days, enabling simultaneous high resolution brain imaging and electrophysiology across large cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghanbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Russell E Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Mathew L Rynes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Judith Dominguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Anant Naik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | | | - Lenora Haltom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Nahom Mossazghi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Madelyn M Gray
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Sarah L West
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.
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28
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Hanna SJ, McCoy-Simandle K, Leung E, Genna A, Condeelis J, Cox D. Tunneling nanotubes, a novel mode of tumor cell-macrophage communication in tumor cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223321. [PMID: 30659112 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between tumor cells and macrophages is crucial in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we examined a novel mechanism of intercellular communication, namely membranous actin-based tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), that occurs between macrophages and tumor cells in the promotion of macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion. The presence of heterotypic TNTs between macrophages and tumor cells induced invasive tumor cell morphology, which was dependent on EGF-EGFR signaling. Furthermore, reduction of a protein involved in TNT formation, M-Sec (TNFAIP2), in macrophages inhibited tumor cell elongation, blocked the ability of tumor cells to invade in 3D and reduced macrophage-dependent long-distance tumor cell streaming in vitro Using an in vivo zebrafish model that recreates macrophage-mediated tumor cell invasion, we observed TNT-mediated macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion, distant metastatic foci and areas of metastatic spread. Overall, our studies support a role for TNTs as a novel means of interaction between tumor cells and macrophages that leads to tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer J Hanna
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kessler McCoy-Simandle
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Edison Leung
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alessandro Genna
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA .,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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29
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Abstract
Infiltration of macrophages in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and correlates with chemotherapy resistance in most cancers. In mouse models of cancer, macrophages promote cancer initiation and malignant progression by stimulating angiogenesis, increasing tumour cell migration, invasion and intravasation and suppressing antitumour immunity. At metastatic sites, macrophages promote tumour cell extravasation, survival and subsequent growth. Each of these pro-tumoural activities is promoted by a subpopulation of macrophages that express canonical markers but have unique transcriptional profiles, which makes tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) good targets for anticancer therapy in humans through either their ablation or their re-differentiation away from pro-tumoural towards antitumoural states. In this Review, we evaluate the state of the art of TAM-targeting strategies, focusing on the limitations and potential side effects of the different therapies such as toxicity, rebound effects and compensatory mechanisms. We provide an extensive overview of the different types of therapy used in the clinic and their limitations in light of known macrophage biology and propose new strategies for targeting TAMs.
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30
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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31
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Koledova Z, Howard BA, Englund J, Bach K, Bentires-Alj M, Gonzalez-Suarez E. European Network of Breast Development and Cancer turned 10 years: a growing family of mammary gland researchers. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:102. [PMID: 30180882 PMCID: PMC6122475 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Network for Breast Development and Cancer (ENBDC), a worldwide network (http://www.enbdc.org/), celebrated its tenth anniversary with a fantastic meeting last March 15–17, 2018 in Weggis with 76 attendees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Koledova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beatrice A Howard
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Johanna Englund
- Institute of Biotechnology and HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karsten Bach
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Mohammed Bentires-Alj
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de la Gran Via, 199 - 203, L'Hospitalet deLlobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Er EE, Valiente M, Ganesh K, Zou Y, Agrawal S, Hu J, Griscom B, Rosenblum M, Boire A, Brogi E, Giancotti FG, Schachner M, Malladi S, Massagué J. Pericyte-like spreading by disseminated cancer cells activates YAP and MRTF for metastatic colonization. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:966-978. [PMID: 30038252 PMCID: PMC6467203 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic seeding by disseminated cancer cells principally occurs in perivascular niches. Here, we show that mechanotransduction signalling triggered by the pericyte-like spreading of disseminated cancer cells on host tissue capillaries is critical for metastatic colonization. Disseminated cancer cells employ L1CAM (cell adhesion molecule L1) to spread on capillaries and activate the mechanotransduction effectors YAP (Yes-associated protein) and MRTF (myocardin-related transcription factor). This spreading is robust enough to displace resident pericytes, which also use L1CAM for perivascular spreading. L1CAM activates YAP by engaging β1 integrin and ILK (integrin-linked kinase). L1CAM and YAP signalling enables the outgrowth of metastasis-initiating cells both immediately following their infiltration of target organs and after they exit from a period of latency. Our results identify an important step in the initiation of metastatic colonization, define its molecular constituents and provide an explanation for the widespread association of L1CAM with metastatic relapse in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Emrah Er
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yilong Zou
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saloni Agrawal
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Hu
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bailey Griscom
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and David E. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Srinivas Malladi
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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33
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Stuelten CH, Parent CA, Montell DJ. Cell motility in cancer invasion and metastasis: insights from simple model organisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:296-312. [PMID: 29546880 PMCID: PMC6790333 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2018.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis remains the greatest challenge in the clinical management of cancer. Cell motility is a fundamental and ancient cellular behaviour that contributes to metastasis and is conserved in simple organisms. In this Review, we evaluate insights relevant to human cancer that are derived from the study of cell motility in non-mammalian model organisms. Dictyostelium discoideum, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio permit direct observation of cells moving in complex native environments and lend themselves to large-scale genetic and pharmacological screening. We highlight insights derived from each of these organisms, including the detailed signalling network that governs chemotaxis towards chemokines; a novel mechanism of basement membrane invasion; the positive role of E-cadherin in collective direction-sensing; the identification and optimization of kinase inhibitors for metastatic thyroid cancer on the basis of work in flies; and the value of zebrafish for live imaging, especially of vascular remodelling and interactions between tumour cells and host tissues. While the motility of tumour cells and certain host cells promotes metastatic spread, the motility of tumour-reactive T cells likely increases their antitumour effects. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying all types of cell motility, with the ultimate goal of identifying combination therapies that will increase the motility of beneficial cells and block the spread of harmful cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H. Stuelten
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- ;
| | - Denise J. Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- ;
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34
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Krog BL, Henry MD. Biomechanics of the Circulating Tumor Cell Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:209-233. [PMID: 30368755 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exist in a microenvironment quite different from the solid tumor tissue microenvironment. They are detached from matrix and exposed to the immune system and hemodynamic forces leading to the conclusion that life as a CTC is "nasty, brutish, and short." While there is much evidence to support this assertion, the mechanisms underlying this are much less clear. In this chapter we will specifically focus on biomechanical influences on CTCs in the circulation and examine in detail the question of whether CTCs are mechanically fragile, a commonly held idea that is lacking in direct evidence. We will review multiple lines of evidence indicating, perhaps counterintuitively, that viable cancer cells are mechanically robust in the face of exposures to physiologic shear stresses that would be encountered by CTCs during their passage through the circulation. Finally, we present emerging evidence that malignant epithelial cells, as opposed to their benign counterparts, possess specific mechanisms that enable them to endure these mechanical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Krog
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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35
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Entenberg D, Voiculescu S, Guo P, Borriello L, Wang Y, Karagiannis GS, Jones J, Baccay F, Oktay M, Condeelis J. A permanent window for the murine lung enables high-resolution imaging of cancer metastasis. Nat Methods 2017; 15:73-80. [PMID: 29176592 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stable, high-resolution intravital imaging of the lung has become possible through the utilization of vacuum-stabilized imaging windows. However, this technique is extremely invasive and limited to only hours in duration. Here we describe a minimally invasive, permanently implantable window for high-resolution intravital imaging of the murine lung that allows the mouse to survive surgery, recover from anesthesia, and breathe independently. Compared to vacuum-stabilized windows, this window produces the same high-quality images without vacuum-induced artifacts; it is also less invasive, which allows imaging of the same lung tissue over a period of weeks. We further adapt the technique of microcartography for reliable relocalization of the same cells longitudinally. Using commonly employed experimental, as well as more clinically relevant, spontaneous metastasis models, we visualize all stages of metastatic seeding, including: tumor cell arrival; extravasation; growth and progression to micrometastases; as well as tumor microenvironment of metastasis function, the hallmark of hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Entenberg
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx,New York, USA
| | - Sonia Voiculescu
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Peng Guo
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Analytical Imaging Facility, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yarong Wang
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx,New York, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx,New York, USA
| | - Joan Jones
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx,New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Francis Baccay
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maja Oktay
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx,New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx,New York, USA
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36
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Entenberg D, Pastoriza JM, Oktay MH, Voiculescu S, Wang Y, Sosa MS, Aguirre-Ghiso J, Condeelis J. Time-lapsed, large-volume, high-resolution intravital imaging for tissue-wide analysis of single cell dynamics. Methods 2017; 128:65-77. [PMID: 28911733 PMCID: PMC5659295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologists rely on microscopy to diagnose disease states in tissues and organs. They utilize both high-resolution, high-magnification images to interpret the staining and morphology of individual cells, as well as low-magnification overviews to give context and location to these cells. Intravital imaging is a powerful technique for studying cells and tissues in their native, live environment and can yield sub-cellular resolution images similar to those used by pathologists. However, technical limitations prevent the straightforward acquisition of low-magnification images during intravital imaging, and they are hence not typically captured. The serial acquisition, mosaicking, and stitching together of many high-resolution, high-magnification fields of view is a technique that overcomes these limitations in fixed and ex vivo tissues. The technique however, has not to date been widely applied to intravital imaging as movements caused by the living animal induce image distortions that are difficult to compensate for computationally. To address this, we have developed techniques for the stabilization of numerous tissues, including extremely compliant tissues, that have traditionally been extremely difficult to image. We present a novel combination of these stabilization techniques with mosaicked and stitched intravital imaging, resulting in a process we call Large-Volume High-Resolution Intravital Imaging (LVHR-IVI). The techniques we present are validated and make large volume intravital imaging accessible to any lab with a multiphoton microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Entenberg
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Integrated Imaging Program, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Jessica M Pastoriza
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Integrated Imaging Program, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sonia Voiculescu
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yarong Wang
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Integrated Imaging Program, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maria Soledad Sosa
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julio Aguirre-Ghiso
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - John Condeelis
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Integrated Imaging Program, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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37
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Gómez-Cuadrado L, Tracey N, Ma R, Qian B, Brunton VG. Mouse models of metastasis: progress and prospects. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1061-1074. [PMID: 28883015 PMCID: PMC5611969 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant sites within the body to establish secondary tumors. Although this is an inefficient process, the consequences are devastating as metastatic disease accounts for >90% of cancer-related deaths. The formation of metastases is the result of a series of events that allow cancer cells to escape from the primary site, survive in the lymphatic system or blood vessels, extravasate and grow at distant sites. The metastatic capacity of a tumor is determined by genetic and epigenetic changes within the cancer cells as well as contributions from cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mouse models have proven to be an important tool for unraveling the complex interactions involved in the metastatic cascade and delineating its many stages. Here, we critically appraise the strengths and weaknesses of the current mouse models and highlight the recent advances that have been made using these models in our understanding of metastasis. We also discuss the use of these models for testing potential therapies and the challenges associated with the translation of these findings into the provision of new and effective treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Cuadrado
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Natasha Tracey
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Binzhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
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38
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Pereira E Silva A, Nicolau Campos SM, Guimarães IM, Agate Platais Brasil Teixeira G. Comparison between digital and optical microscopy: Analysis in a mouse gut inflammation model. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:247-250. [PMID: 28894572 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual microscopy is currently widely used for various purposes, such as teaching, archiving, collaborations and research. Although the cost of this technique has reduced, it continues to be expensive for the majority of laboratories in developing countries. The Graduate Program in Pathology at the Federal Fluminense University (Niterói, Brazil) has acquired equipment for virtual microscopy. However, this novel method faced prejudice, as students and technicians were skeptical about its reliability. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate whether virtual microscopy is a reliable method of analysis for our research. Thus, a mouse gut inflammation model developed by our research group was used in the present study. Analysis was performed using optical microscopy and digital imaging using the APERIO scanning system and the ImageScope® software. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), intra epithelial leucocytes (IEL), and villi number and area were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in villi number, IEC and IEL; however, the villi area was significantly smaller when measured using the computer. Thus, the present study indicates that virtual microscopy is a trustworthy method for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Pereira E Silva
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil.,Graduation Program in Pathology, Medicine School, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Maria Nicolau Campos
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Mazza Guimarães
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil.,Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Gerlinde Agate Platais Brasil Teixeira
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil.,Graduation Program in Pathology, Medicine School, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24033-900, Brazil.,Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
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39
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Secklehner J, Lo Celso C, Carlin LM. Intravital microscopy in historic and contemporary immunology. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:506-513. [PMID: 28366932 PMCID: PMC6095455 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss intravital microscopy of immune cells, starting from its historic origins to current applications in diverse organs. It is clear from a quantitative review of the literature that intravital microscopy is a key tool in both historic and contemporary immunological research, providing unique advances in our understanding of immune responses. We have chosen to focus this review on how intravital microscopy methodologies are used to image specific organs or systems and we present recent descriptions of fundamental immunological processes that could not have been achieved by other methods. The following target organs/systems are discussed in more detail: cremaster muscle, skin (ear and dorsal skin fold chamber), lymph node, liver, lung, mesenteric vessels, carotid artery, bone marrow, brain, spleen, foetus and lastly vessels of the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Secklehner
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1A 1AT, UK
| | - Leo M. Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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40
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Procedures and applications of long-term intravital microscopy. Methods 2017; 128:52-64. [PMID: 28669866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is increasingly used in biomedical research to study dynamic processes at cellular and subcellular resolution in their natural environment. Long-term IVM especially can be applied to visualize migration and proliferation over days to months within the same animal without recurrent surgeries. Skin can be repetitively imaged without surgery. To intermittently visualize cells in other organs, such as liver, mammary gland and brain, different imaging windows including the abdominal imaging window (AIW), dermal imaging window (DIW) and cranial imaging window (CIW) have been developed. In this review, we describe the procedure of window implantation and pros and cons of each technique as well as methods to retrace a position of interest over time. In addition, different fluorescent biosensors to facilitate the tracking of cells for different purposes, such as monitoring cell migration and proliferation, are discussed. Finally, we consider new techniques and possibilities of how long-term IVM can be even further improved in the future.
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41
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Conway JRW, Warren SC, Timpson P. Context-dependent intravital imaging of therapeutic response using intramolecular FRET biosensors. Methods 2017; 128:78-94. [PMID: 28435000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy represents a more physiologically relevant method for assessing therapeutic response. However, the movement into an in vivo setting brings with it several additional considerations, the primary being the context in which drug activity is assessed. Microenvironmental factors, such as hypoxia, pH, fibrosis, immune infiltration and stromal interactions have all been shown to have pronounced effects on drug activity in a more complex setting, which is often lost in simpler two- or three-dimensional assays. Here we present a practical guide for the application of intravital microscopy, looking at the available fluorescent reporters and their respective expression systems and analysis considerations. Moving in vivo, we also discuss the microscopy set up and methods available for overlaying microenvironmental context to the experimental readouts. This enables a smooth transition into applying higher fidelity intravital imaging to improve the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R W Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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42
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Kamioka Y, Takakura K, Sumiyama K, Matsuda M. Intravital Förster resonance energy transfer imaging reveals osteopontin-mediated polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation by tumor cell emboli. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:226-235. [PMID: 27960041 PMCID: PMC5329161 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) cause paraneoplastic leukemoid reactions and facilitate tumor cell metastasis. However, the interaction of MDSCs with tumor cells in live tissue has not been adequately visualized. To accomplish this task, we developed an intravital imaging protocol to observe metastasized tumor cells in mouse lungs. For visualization of the activation of MDSCs, bone marrow cells derived from transgenic mice expressing a Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor for ERK were implanted into host mice. Under a two‐photon excitation microscope, numerous polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) were found to infiltrate the lungs of tumor‐bearing mice in which 4T1 mammary tumor cells were implanted into the footpads. By Förster resonance energy transfer imaging, we found ERK activation in PMNs around the 4T1 tumor emboli in the lungs. Because antibody array analysis implied the involvement of osteopontin (OPN) in the metastasis of 4T1 cells, we further analyzed the effect of OPN knockdown. The OPN knockdown in 4T1 cells did not affect the cell growth, but markedly suppressed lung metastasis of 4T1 cells and ERK activation in PMNs in the lung. Intravenous injection of recombinant OPN restored the lung metastasis of OPN‐deficient 4T1 cells, suggesting that OPN functioned in a paracrine manner. It has been reported that ERK activation of neutrophils causes NETosis and that PMNs promote metastasis of tumor cells by NETosis. In agreement with previous reports, the NETosis inhibitor DNase I inhibited lung metastasis of 4T1 cells. These observations suggest that OPN promotes metastasis of 4T1 cells by activating PMNs and inducing NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kamioka
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kanako Takakura
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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43
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Kohrman AQ, Matus DQ. Divide or Conquer: Cell Cycle Regulation of Invasive Behavior. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:12-25. [PMID: 27634432 PMCID: PMC5186408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell invasion through the basement membrane (BM) occurs during normal embryonic development and is a fundamental feature of cancer metastasis. The underlying cellular and genetic machinery required for invasion has been difficult to identify, due to a lack of adequate in vivo models to accurately examine invasion in single cells at subcellular resolution. Recent evidence has documented a functional link between cell cycle arrest and invasive activity. While cancer progression is traditionally thought of as a disease of uncontrolled cell proliferation, cancer cell dissemination, a critical aspect of metastasis, may require a switch from a proliferative to an invasive state. In this work, we review evidence that BM invasion requires cell cycle arrest and discuss the implications of this concept with regard to limiting the lethality associated with cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Q Kohrman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - David Q Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
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44
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Kitamura T, Pollard JW, Vendrell M. Optical Windows for Imaging the Metastatic Tumour Microenvironment in vivo. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:5-8. [PMID: 27238900 PMCID: PMC5124412 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging enables to study dynamic tumour-stroma interactions within primary and metastatic sites, including the lung. The combination of optical windows with specific molecular probes targeting the tumour microenvironment will provide new insights into prometastatic stromal interactions and lead to novel therapeutic strategies for metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA
| | - Marc Vendrell
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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45
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Arena ET, Rueden CT, Hiner MC, Wang S, Yuan M, Eliceiri KW. Quantitating the cell: turning images into numbers with ImageJ. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 6. [PMID: 27911038 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern biological research particularly in the fields of developmental and cell biology has been transformed by the rapid evolution of the light microscope. The light microscope, long a mainstay of the experimental biologist, is now used for a wide array of biological experimental scenarios and sample types. Much of the great developments in advanced biological imaging have been driven by the digital imaging revolution with powerful processors and algorithms. In particular, this combination of advanced imaging and computational analysis has resulted in the drive of the modern biologist to not only visually inspect dynamic phenomena, but to quantify the involved processes. This need to quantitate images has become a major thrust within the bioimaging community and requires extensible and accessible image processing routines with corresponding intuitive software packages. Novel algorithms both made specifically for light microscopy or adapted from other fields, such as astronomy, are available to biologists, but often in a form that is inaccessible for a number of reasons ranging from data input issues, usability and training concerns, and accessibility and output limitations. The biological community has responded to this need by developing open source software packages that are freely available and provide access to image processing routines. One of the most prominent is the open-source image package ImageJ. In this review, we give an overview of prominent imaging processing approaches in ImageJ that we think are of particular interest for biological imaging and that illustrate the functionality of ImageJ and other open source image analysis software. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e260. doi: 10.1002/wdev.260 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Arena
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Curtis T Rueden
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark C Hiner
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shulei Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ming Yuan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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46
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Rodriguez-Tirado C, Kitamura T, Kato Y, Pollard JW, Condeelis JS, Entenberg D. Long-term High-Resolution Intravital Microscopy in the Lung with a Vacuum Stabilized Imaging Window. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768066 DOI: 10.3791/54603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to secondary sites such as the lung, liver and bone is a traumatic event with a mortality rate of approximately 90% 1. Of these sites, the lung is the most difficult to assess using intravital optical imaging due to its enclosed position within the body, delicate nature and vital role in sustaining proper physiology. While clinical modalities (positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT)) are capable of providing noninvasive images of this tissue, they lack the resolution necessary to visualize the earliest seeding events, with a single pixel consisting of nearly a thousand cells. Current models of metastatic lung seeding postulate that events just after a tumor cell's arrival are deterministic for survival and subsequent growth. This means that real-time intravital imaging tools with single cell resolution 2 are required in order to define the phenotypes of the seeding cells and test these models. While high resolution optical imaging of the lung has been performed using various ex vivo preparations, these experiments are typically single time-point assays and are susceptible to artifacts and possible erroneous conclusions due to the dramatically altered environment (temperature, profusion, cytokines, etc.) resulting from removal from the chest cavity and circulatory system 3. Recent work has shown that time-lapse intravital optical imaging of the intact lung is possible using a vacuum stabilized imaging window 2,4,5 however, typical imaging times have been limited to approximately 6 hr. Here we describe a protocol for performing long-term intravital time-lapse imaging of the lung utilizing such a window over a period of 12 hr. The time-lapse image sequences obtained using this method enable visualization and quantitation of cell-cell interactions, membrane dynamics and vascular perfusion in the lung. We further describe an image processing technique that gives an unprecedentedly clear view of the lung microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Jeffery W Pollard
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
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47
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Lewis CE, Harney AS, Pollard JW. The Multifaceted Role of Perivascular Macrophages in Tumors. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:18-25. [PMID: 27411586 PMCID: PMC5024543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has emerged for macrophages in the perivascular niche of tumors regulating important processes like angiogenesis, various steps in the metastatic cascade, the recruitment and activity of other tumor-promoting leukocytes, and tumor responses to frontline therapies like irradiation and chemotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms controlling the recruitment, retention, and function of these cells could identify important targets for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Lewis
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Allison S Harney
- Departments of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Departments of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA; MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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48
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Scheele CLGJ, Maynard C, van Rheenen J. Intravital Insights into Heterogeneity, Metastasis, and Therapy Responses. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:205-216. [PMID: 28741572 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression is driven by a series of genetic and microenvironmental changes. These events lead to heterogeneous tumors which consist of a variety of cells from which some cells may possess properties which promote survival after therapy and metastasis. Recent advances in intravital microscopy (IVM) have enabled visualization of this tumor heterogeneity over time at a single-cell resolution. We highlight here the latest IVM studies that have revealed the dynamic interactions between the tumor cells and their local microenvironment. We review the most recent data that exposes how these dynamic interactions cause an additional increase in tumor heterogeneity, resulting in multiple metastatic strategies and facilitating therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colinda L G J Scheele
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carrie Maynard
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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