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Guo Z, Zeng T, Lu Y, Sun S, Liang X, Ran J, Wu Y, Chong MKC, Wang K, Zhao S. Transmission risks of Omicron BA.5 following inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among children and adolescents in China. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:92. [PMID: 38762678 PMCID: PMC11102477 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants circulating globally since 2022, assessing the transmission characteristics, and the protection of vaccines against emerging Omicron variants among children and adolescents are needed for guiding the control and vaccination policies. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study for SARS-CoV-2 infections and close contacts aged <18 years from an outbreak seeded by Omicron BA.5 variants. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was calculated and the protective effects of two doses of inactivated vaccine (mainly Sinopharm /BBIBP-CorV) within a year versus one dose or two doses above a year after vaccination against the transmission and infection of Omicron BA.5 were estimated. RESULTS A total of 3442 all-age close contacts of 122 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections aged 0-17 years were included. The SAR was higher in the household setting and for individuals who received a one-dose inactivated vaccine or those who received a two-dose for more than one year, with estimates of 28.5% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 21.1, 37.7) and 55.3% (95% CrI: 24.4, 84.8), respectively. The second dose of inactivated vaccine conferred substantial protection against all infection and transmission of Omicron BA.5 variants within a year. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the rollout of the second dose of inactivated vaccine for children and adolescents during the Omciron BA.5 predominant epidemic phase. Given the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, monitoring the transmission risk and corresponding vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants among children and adolescents is important to inform control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Guo
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yaoqin Lu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marc K C Chong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Laboratory, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Shi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- MoE Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Zhang X, Lam SJA, Ip JD, Fong CHY, Chu AWH, Chan WM, Lai YSY, Tsoi HW, Chan BPC, Chen LL, Meng X, Yuan S, Zhao H, Cheng VCC, Yuen JKY, Yuen KY, Zhou J, To KKW. Characterizing fitness and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 EG.5 sublineage using elderly serum and nasal organoid. iScience 2024; 27:109706. [PMID: 38660398 PMCID: PMC11039328 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has evolved into sublineages. Here, we compared the neutralization susceptibility and viral fitness of EG.5.1 and XBB.1.9.1. Serum neutralization antibody titer against EG.5.1 was 1.71-fold lower than that for XBB.1.9.1. However, there was no significant difference in virus replication between EG.5.1 and XBB.1.9.1 in human nasal organoids and TMPRSS2/ACE2 over-expressing A549 cells. No significant difference was observed in competitive fitness and cytokine/chemokine response between EG.5.1 and XBB.1.9.1. Both EG.5.1 and XBB.1.9.1 replicated more robustly in the nasal organoid from a younger adult than that from an older adult. Our findings suggest that enhanced immune escape contributes to the dominance of EG.5.1 over earlier sublineages. The combination of population serum susceptibility testing and viral fitness evaluation with nasal organoids may hold promise in risk assessment of upcoming variants. Utilization of serum specimens and nasal organoid derived from older adults provides a targeted risk assessment for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Stephanie Joy-Ann Lam
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jonathan Daniel Ip
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carol Ho-Yan Fong
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Allen Wing-Ho Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yoyo Suet-Yiu Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hoi-Wah Tsoi
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Brian Pui-Chun Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xinjie Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jacqueline Kwan Yuk Yuen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Rivera-Pérez D, Méndez C, Diethelm-Varela B, Melo-González F, Vázquez Y, Meng X, Xin Q, Fasce RA, Fernández J, Mora J, Ramirez E, Acevedo ML, Valiente-Echeverría F, Soto-Rifo R, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Astudillo P, Le Corre N, Abarca K, Perret C, González PA, Soto JA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough cases in vaccinated children and adolescents. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372193. [PMID: 38812507 PMCID: PMC11133585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been somewhat limited due to the widespread dissemination of the Omicron variant, its subvariants, and the immune response dynamics of the naturally infected with the virus. Methods Twelve subjects between 3-17 years old (yo), vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac®, were followed and diagnosed as breakthrough cases starting 14 days after receiving the second dose. Total IgGs against different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the neutralizing capacity of these antibodies after infection were measured in plasma. The activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with peptides derived from the proteins from the wild-type (WT) virus and Omicron subvariants by flow cytometry, as well as different cytokines secretion by a Multiplex assay. Results 2 to 8 weeks post-infection, compared to 4 weeks after 2nd dose of vaccine, there was a 146.5-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron and a 38.7-fold increase against WT SARS-CoV-2. Subjects showed an increase in total IgG levels against the S1, N, M, and NSP8 proteins of the WT virus. Activated CD4+ T cells showed a significant increase in response to the BA.2 subvariant (p<0.001). Finally, the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ cytokines showed a discreet decrease trend after infection in some subjects. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population vaccinated with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produced an increase in neutralizing antibodies against Omicron and increased specific IgG antibodies for different SARS-CoV-2 proteins. CD4+ T cell activation was also increased, suggesting a conserved cellular response against the Omicron subvariants, whereas Th1-type cytokine secretion tended to decrease. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04992260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rivera-Pérez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Méndez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yaneisi Vázquez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Rodrigo A. Fasce
- Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Fernández
- Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Mora
- Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Ramirez
- Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica L. Acevedo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Patricio Astudillo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Le Corre
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Abarca
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Perret
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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4
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Rusmil K, Fadlyana E, Girsang RT, Adrizain R, Reza Rahmadi A, Suryadinata H, Dwi Putra MG, Fulendry FP, Nashsyah DT, Utami RK, Zahra Mardiah B, Trisna Windiani IGA, Sugitha Adnyana IGAN, Sukma Pratiwi Murti NL, Agus Somia IK, Utama IMS, Soetjiningsih S, Mutiara ULN, Puspita M. Immunogenicity and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine (IndoVac ®) as a Booster Dose against COVID-19 in Indonesian Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:540. [PMID: 38793791 PMCID: PMC11125677 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO target product profile for COVID-19 vaccines, the vaccine in development should be indicated for active immunisation in all populations. Therefore, PT Bio Farma developed a candidate vaccine in a subunit protein recombinant platform to help overcome the issue. This trial was an observer-blind, randomised, prospective intervention study. This study targeted individuals who had received complete primary doses of the authorised/approved COVID-19 vaccine. The groups were divided into the primary inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac®) group, the primary viral vector vaccine (ChAdOx1) group, and the primary mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) group that received the recombinant protein (IndoVac®). The groups were compared with the control and primary mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). The participants enrolled in the study were from two primary care centres in Bandung City and three primary care centres in Denpasar City. A total of 696 participants were enrolled from 1 September to 31 October 2022. The demographic characteristics of the all-vaccine group showed a uniform distribution. The results showed that, compared with the control, the investigational product had inferior effectiveness 14 days after the booster dose was administered. However, 28 days after the booster dose, the investigational product exhibited non-inferior effectiveness compared with the primary groups that received CoronaVac® (GMR 0.76 (0.57-0.99)) and ChAdOx1 (GMR 0.72 (0.56-59.93)), but the BNT162b2 group (GMR 0.61 (0.39-0.94)) was inferior to the control. At 12 months follow-up after the booster dose, three serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in three participants, with causality not correlated with the investigated products. Neither AEs of special interest nor severe COVID-19 cases were reported throughout the follow-up period; thus, the IndoVac® vaccine as a booster was immunogenic and safe. Until the 6-month follow-up after the booster dose, the IndoVac® vaccine was well tolerated and all reported AEs resolved. This vaccine is registered and can be included in the immunisation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusnandi Rusmil
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Eddy Fadlyana
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Rodman Tarigan Girsang
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Riyadi Adrizain
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Andri Reza Rahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Hendarsyah Suryadinata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.R.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Gilang Dwi Putra
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Frizka Primadewi Fulendry
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Dinda Tiaraningrum Nashsyah
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Rona Kania Utami
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - Behesti Zahra Mardiah
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (K.R.); (R.T.G.); (R.A.); (M.G.D.P.); (F.P.F.); (D.T.N.); (R.K.U.); (B.Z.M.)
| | - I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.G.A.T.W.); (I.G.A.N.S.A.); (N.L.S.P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha Adnyana
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.G.A.T.W.); (I.G.A.N.S.A.); (N.L.S.P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ni Luh Sukma Pratiwi Murti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.G.A.T.W.); (I.G.A.N.S.A.); (N.L.S.P.M.); (S.S.)
| | - I Ketut Agus Somia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.K.A.S.); (I.M.S.U.)
| | - I Made Susila Utama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.K.A.S.); (I.M.S.U.)
| | - Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia; (I.G.A.T.W.); (I.G.A.N.S.A.); (N.L.S.P.M.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Mita Puspita
- Global Clinical Development Division, PT Bio Farma, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (U.L.N.M.); (M.P.)
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5
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McAteer J, Kalluri DD, Abedon RR, Qin CX, Auerbach SR, Charnaya O, Danziger-Isakov LA, Ebel NH, Feldman AG, Hsu EK, Mohammad S, Perito ER, Thomas AM, Chiang TPY, Garonzik-Wang JM, Segev DL, Werbel WA, Mogul DB. Omicron Infections in Vaccinated Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024; 13:152-154. [PMID: 38035755 PMCID: PMC10896257 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period was frequent amongst a cohort of vaccinated pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (pSOTRs) despite robust anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) antibody response, suggesting poor neutralizing capacity against Omicron subvariants. Breakthrough infections among pSOTRs were overall limited in severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McAteer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Divya D Kalluri
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rivka R Abedon
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline X Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott R Auerbach
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Olga Charnaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lara A Danziger-Isakov
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Noelle H Ebel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Amy G Feldman
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Evelyn K Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Saeed Mohammad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily R Perito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ashley M Thomas
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Teresa P Y Chiang
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Dorry L Segev
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - William A Werbel
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas B Mogul
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Liu J, Wen R, Wang N, Li G, Xu P, Li X, Zeng X, Liu C. A Retrospective Study on COVID-19 Infections Caused by Omicron Variant with Clinical, Epidemiological, and Viral Load Evaluations in Breakthrough Infections. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:454-463. [PMID: 38250611 PMCID: PMC10797678 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.87167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the clinical, epidemiological, and viral load characteristics of COVID-19 caused by the omicron variant. Methods: Based on the COVID-19 epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 broke out in Shanghai, China. To analyze whether there is any association between clinical symptoms and viral load of COVID-19 with age, sex, and combined disease and whether the clinical symptoms and viral load are associated with vaccine-breakthrough infections. Results: The most common symptoms were cough, expectoration, and fatigue, which were more common in women than males (p < 0.001). The average viral clearance time in the > 75 years group was the longest (6.64 days). The viral load in the 60-75 years group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.001). The 18-45 years old group had the most clinical symptoms at admission (45.39%). The days of nucleic acid-negative conversion, average viral load, highest viral load, and clinical symptoms in comorbid chronic disease patients are longer (p < 0.001). The average and highest viral loads in the unvaccinated group were longer than those in the vaccine breakthrough infection groups (p < 0.001). However, the clinical symptoms in the vaccine breakthrough infection group were significantly more severe than those in the unvaccinated group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that female patients, the elderly, and those with underlying comorbidities had longer clinical positive symptoms and viral loads. Although vaccination may not reduce clinical symptoms, it can shorten the viral load and the time required for virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Provincial People Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550000, China
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ru Wen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Provincial People Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550000, China
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guizhou,550000, China
| | - Nanzhu Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Provincial People Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550000, China
| | - Guizhou Li
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xianchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Provincial People Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550000, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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7
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Arslan A, Sahbudak Bal Z, Erci E, Yıldırım Arslan S, Bilen NM, Avcu G, Çiçek C, Ozkinay F, Kurugol Z. SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in the pediatric cohort-a single-center experience. J Trop Pediatr 2023; 70:fmad049. [PMID: 38150674 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focused on timelines of infection episodes and dominant variants and aims to determine disease severity and outcome of pediatric patients with reinfection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study retrospectively evaluated the medical records of the hospitalized patients and/or outpatients aged 0-18 with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction between March 2020 and September 2022 at Ege University Children's Hospital. RESULTS Ninety-one pediatric patients reinfected with SARS-CoV-2 were included in the study. There was an underlying disease in 26.4% of the patients. The median time between the two infection episodes was 184 (90-662) days. There were 24 patients (26.3%) with the first infection in pre-Delta period; 17 (18.6%) of them were reinfected in Omicron BA.1 period, while 7 (7.6%) in Omicron BA.4/BA.5 period. Forty-five patients (49.4%) were infected initially in the Delta period; 35 patients (38.4%) were reinfected in the Omicron BA.1 period, while 10 patients (10.9%) were reinfected in the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 period. Twenty-two patients (24.1%) had the first infection in the Omicron BA.1 period and then reinfected in the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 period. Patients with reinfection more frequently displayed a symptom (84.6% vs. 94.5%, p = 0.03). The hospitalization rate significantly declined in reinfection (15.3% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.03). Severe disease, treatment needs and steroid use were decreased in reinfections without a significant difference (p > 0.05). Intensive care unit admission was not altered. CONCLUSION This study revealed that reinfections frequently develop in previously healthy children but do not cause more severe outcomes. The risk of symptomatic reinfections is still high due to the effect of the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Arslan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Zumrut Sahbudak Bal
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Ece Erci
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Sema Yıldırım Arslan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Nimet Melis Bilen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Gülhadiye Avcu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Candan Çiçek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkinay
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Zafer Kurugol
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
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8
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De Novellis D, Folliero V, Giudice V, Pezzullo L, Sanna G, Fontana R, Guariglia R, Zannella C, Mettivier L, Ferrara I, Boccia G, Buonanno MT, Martorelli MC, Luponio S, Crudele A, Pagliano P, Sessa AM, Velino F, Langella M, Manzin A, Galdiero M, Selleri C, Franci G, Serio B. Effective Neutralizing Antibody Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Its Omicron BA.1 Variant in Fully Vaccinated Hematological Patients. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4943-4953. [PMID: 37898572 PMCID: PMC10725343 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and its variants cause CoronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease. Hematological malignancies increase susceptibility to severe COVID-19 due to immunosuppression. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies protect against severe COVID-19. This retrospective real-life study aimed to evaluate seropositivity and neutralizing antibody rates against SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron BA.1 variant in hematological patients. A total of 106 patients with different hematologic malignancies, who have mostly received three or more vaccine doses (73%), were included in this study. Serum was collected between May and June 2022. The primary endpoint was anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response against ancestral (wild type; wt) and Omicron BA.1 virus, defined as a neutralizing antibody titer ≥ 1:10. Adequate neutralizing antibody response was observed in 75 (71%) and 87 (82%) of patients for wt and Omicron BA.1 variants, respectively.However, patients with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and/or those treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in the prior 12 months showed a lower seropositivity rate compared to other patients against both Omicron BA.1 variant (73% vs 91%; P = 0.02) and wt virus (64% vs 78%; P = 0.16). Our real-life experience confirmed that full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 induces adequate neutralizing antibody protection for both the wt virus and Omicron BA.1 variants, even in hematological frail patients. However, protective measures should be maintained in hematological patients, especially those with B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, because these subjects could have a reduced neutralizing antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo De Novellis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Luca Pezzullo
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Raffaele Fontana
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberto Guariglia
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Mettivier
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Idalucia Ferrara
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Buonanno
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Martorelli
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Serena Luponio
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea Crudele
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sessa
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Velino
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Maddalena Langella
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
- Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy.
| | - Bianca Serio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy.
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9
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Chiu KHY, Sridhar S, Yuen KY. Preparation for the next pandemic: challenges in strengthening surveillance. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2240441. [PMID: 37474466 PMCID: PMC10478602 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2240441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The devastating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic indicates that early detection of candidates with pandemic potential is vital. However, comprehensive metagenomic sequencing of the total microbiome is not practical due to the astronomical and rapidly evolving numbers and species of micro-organisms. Analysis of previous pandemics suggests that an increase in human-animal interactions, changes in animal and arthropod distribution due to climate change and deforestation, continuous mutations and interspecies jumping of RNA viruses, and frequent travels are important factors driving pandemic emergence. Besides measures mitigating these factors, surveillance at human-animal interfaces targeting animals with unusual tolerance to viral infections, sick heathcare workers, and workers at high biosafety level laboratories is crucial. Surveillance of sick travellers is important when alerted by an early warning system of a suspected outbreak due to unknown agents. These samples should be screened by multiplex nucleic acid amplification and subsequent unbiased next-generation sequencing. Novel viruses should be isolated in routine cell cultures, complemented by organoid cultures, and then tested in animal models for interspecies transmission potential. Potential agents are candidates for designing rapid diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. For early detection of outbreaks, there are advantages in using event-based surveillance and artificial intelligence (AI), but high background noise and censorship are possible drawbacks. These systems are likely useful if they channel reliable information from frontline healthcare or veterinary workers and large international gatherings. Furthermore, sufficient regulation of high biosafety level laboratories, and stockpiling of broad spectrum antiviral drugs, vaccines, and personal protective equipment are indicated for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yap DYH, Fong CHY, Zhang X, Ip JD, Chan WM, Chu AWH, Chen LL, Zhao Y, Chan BPC, Luk KS, Cheng VCC, Chan TM, To KKW. Humoral and cellular immunity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19932. [PMID: 37968273 PMCID: PMC10652016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. Humoral and cellular immunity from prior infection or vaccination are important for protection, but the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response against SARS-CoV-2 variants is impaired. We investigated the variant-specific nAb and T cell immunity among CKD patients. Adult CKD patients were recruited between August and October 2022. nAb against the SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral strains and four Omicron sublineages) and T cell response were measured using the live virus neutralization assay and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The correlation between nAb/T-cell response and subsequent infection after recruitment were also determined. Among the 88 recruited patients, 95.5% had prior infection or had completed the primary vaccine series. However, only 77.3% had detectable nAb against at least one SARS-CoV-2 strains, 59.1% tested positive in IGRA, and 52.3% had detectable nAb and tested positive in the IGRA. The nAb geometic mean titers (GMTs) against XBB.1, BA.5 and BA.2.3.20 were significantly lower than those against BA.2 and ancestral strain. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with elevated nAb and T cell response. More kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) showed absent nAb and T cell response (36.8% vs. 10.1%), despite a higher prevalence of vaccine booster in this population (94.7% vs. 50.7%). Lower levels of nAb titer and T cell response were significantly associated with subsequent infection. A considerable proportion of CKD patients, especially KTRs, showed absence of humoral and cellular protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Strategies to improve immunogenicity in this population are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Yat-Hin Yap
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Carol Ho-Yan Fong
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Daniel Ip
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Allen Wing-Ho Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Brian Pui-Chun Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Kristine Shik Luk
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tak-Mao Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Nurisyah S, Iyori M, Hasyim AA, Sakamoto A, Hashimoto H, Yamagata K, Yamauchi S, Amru K, Zainal KH, Idris I, Yoshida S, Djaharuddin I, Syafruddin D, Bukhari A, Asih PBS, Yusuf Y. Comparison between Neutralization Capacity of Antibodies Elicited by COVID-19 Natural Infection and Vaccination in Indonesia: A Prospective Cohort. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:60. [PMID: 37753974 PMCID: PMC10526084 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To fight the COVID-19 pandemic, immunity against SARS-CoV-2 should be achieved not only through natural infection but also by vaccination. The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on previously infected persons is debatable. METHODS A prospective cohort was undergone to collect sera from unvaccinated survivors and vaccinated persons-with and without COVID-19 pre-infection. The sera were analyzed for the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) titers by ELISA and for the capacity to neutralize the pseudovirus of the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain by luciferase assays. RESULTS Neither the antibody titers nor the neutralization capacity was significantly different between the three groups. However, the correlation between the antibody titers and the percentage of viral neutralization derived from sera of unvaccinated survivors was higher than that from vaccinated persons with pre-infection and vaccinated naïve individuals (Spearman correlation coefficient (r) = -0.8558; 95% CI, -0.9259 to -0.7288), p < 0.0001 vs. -0.7855; 95% CI, -0.8877 to -0.6096, p < 0.0001 and -0.581; 95% CI, -0.7679 to -0.3028, p = 0.0002, respectively), indicating the capacity to neutralize the virus is most superior by infection alone. CONCLUSIONS Vaccines induce anti-RBD titers as high as the natural infection with lower neutralization capacity, and it does not boost immunity in pre-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitti Nurisyah
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital, Makassar 90241, Indonesia
| | - Mitsuhiro Iyori
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan;
| | - Ammar Abdurrahman Hasyim
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hinata Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kyouhei Yamagata
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Saya Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Khaeriah Amru
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital, Makassar 90241, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Hardianti Zainal
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Irfan Idris
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Hasanuddin University Medical Research Centre, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Shigeto Yoshida
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Irawaty Djaharuddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Dr. Wahidin Soedirohusodo Hospital, Makassar 90425, Indonesia
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Hasanuddin University Medical Research Centre, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Puji Budi Setia Asih
- Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (National Research and Innovation Agency), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia;
| | - Yenni Yusuf
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Hasanuddin University Medical Research Centre, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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12
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Yeo JG, Teh KL, Chia WN, Book YX, Hoh SF, Gao X, Das L, Zhang J, Sutamam N, Poh SL, Lim AJM, Tay SH, Yaung KN, Ong XM, Leong JY, Wang LF, Albani S, Arkachaisri T. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity decay and breakthrough illness in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3101-3109. [PMID: 36661304 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the humoral immunogenicity for 6 months after the two-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases (cRDs). METHODS This monocentric observational study was conducted between August 2020 and March 2022. Humoral immunogenicity was assessed at 2-3 weeks after first vaccine dose and 1, 3 and 6 months after the second dose by the cPass™ severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralization antibody (nAb) assay. An inhibition signal of ≥30% defined the seroconversion threshold and the readings were calibrated against the World Health Organization International Standard for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. RESULTS. ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE AYAs with cRDs were recruited [median age 16.8 years (interquartile range, IQR 14.7-19.5), 52% female, 72% Chinese]. JIA (58%) and SLE (18%) comprised the major diagnoses. After second vaccine dose, 99% seroconverted with a median nAb titre of 1779.8 IU/ml (IQR 882.8-2541.9), declining to 935.6 IU/ml (IQR 261.0-1514.9) and 683.2 IU/ml (IQR 163.5-1400.5) at the 3- and 6-month timepoints, respectively. The diagnosis of JIA [odds ratio (OR) 10.1, 95% CI 1.8-58.4, P = 0.010] and treatment with anti-TNF-α (aTNF) (OR 10.1, 95% CI 1.5-70.0, P = 0.019) were independently associated with a >50% drop of nAb titres at 6 months. Withholding MTX or MMF did not affect the vaccine response or decay rate. The COVID-19 breakthrough infection was estimated at 18.2 cases/1000 patient-months with no clinical risk factors identified. CONCLUSION Over half of AYAs with cRDs had a significant drop in SARS-CoV-2 nAb at 6-month despite an initial robust humoral response. JIA and aTNF usage are predictors of a faster decay rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Guan Yeo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Liang Teh
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Xin Book
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sook Fun Hoh
- Division of Nursing, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaocong Gao
- Division of Nursing, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena Das
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nursyuhadah Sutamam
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Li Poh
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda Jin Mei Lim
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Huan Tay
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine Nay Yaung
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Mei Ong
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yao Leong
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth-Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thaschawee Arkachaisri
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Choi S, Kim SH, Han MS, Yoon Y, Kim YK, Cho HK, Yun KW, Song SH, Ahn B, Kim YK, Choi SH, Choe YJ, Lim H, Choi EB, Kim K, Hyeon S, Lim HJ, Kim BC, Lee YK, Choi EH, Shin EC, Lee H. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Elicits Sustained T Cell Responses Against the Omicron Variant in Adolescents. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e33. [PMID: 37670807 PMCID: PMC10475828 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been acknowledged as an effective mean of preventing infection and hospitalization. However, the emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has led to substantial increase in infections among children and adolescents. Vaccine-induced immunity and longevity have not been well defined in this population. Therefore, we aimed to analyze humoral and cellular immune responses against ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants after two shots of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy adolescents. Although vaccination induced a robust increase of spike-specific binding Abs and neutralizing Abs against the ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants, the neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant was significantly low. On the contrary, vaccine-induced memory CD4+ T cells exhibited substantial responses against both ancestral and Omicron spike proteins. Notably, CD4+ T cell responses against both ancestral and Omicron strains were preserved at 3 months after two shots of the BNT162b2 vaccine without waning. Polyfunctionality of vaccine-induced memory T cells was also preserved in response to Omicron spike protein. The present findings characterize the protective immunity of vaccination for adolescents in the era of continuous emergence of variants/subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Yoonsun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Heeji Lim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Eun Bee Choi
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Kwangwook Kim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hyeon
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Lim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Byung-chul Kim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Yoo-kyoung Lee
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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14
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Dowell AC, Lancaster T, Bruton R, Ireland G, Bentley C, Sylla P, Zuo J, Scott S, Jadir A, Begum J, Roberts T, Stephens C, Ditta S, Shepherdson R, Powell AA, Brent AJ, Brent B, Baawuah F, Okike I, Beckmann J, Ahmad S, Aiano F, Garstang J, Ramsay ME, Azad R, Waiblinger D, Willett B, Wright J, Ladhani SN, Moss P. Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3845. [PMID: 37386081 PMCID: PMC10310754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 are globally dominant and infection rates are very high in children. We measure immune responses following Omicron BA.1/2 infection in children aged 6-14 years and relate this to prior and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Primary Omicron infection elicits a weak antibody response with poor functional neutralizing antibodies. Subsequent Omicron reinfection or COVID-19 vaccination elicits increased antibody titres with broad neutralisation of Omicron subvariants. Prior pre-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 virus infection or vaccination primes for robust antibody responses following Omicron infection but these remain primarily focussed against ancestral variants. Primary Omicron infection thus elicits a weak antibody response in children which is boosted after reinfection or vaccination. Cellular responses are robust and broadly equivalent in all groups, providing protection against severe disease irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 variant. Immunological imprinting is likely to act as an important determinant of long-term humoral immunity, the future clinical importance of which is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Dowell
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tara Lancaster
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Bruton
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgina Ireland
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| | - Christopher Bentley
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Panagiota Sylla
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jianmin Zuo
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sam Scott
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Azar Jadir
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jusnara Begum
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Roberts
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christine Stephens
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shabana Ditta
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rebecca Shepherdson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Annabel A Powell
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Brent
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Oxford, UK
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Bernadette Brent
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Frances Baawuah
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| | - Ifeanyichukwu Okike
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Uttoxeter New Road, Derby, UK
| | - Joanne Beckmann
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, 9 Allie Street, London, UK
| | - Shazaad Ahmad
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Felicity Aiano
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| | - Joanna Garstang
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Holt Street, Aston, UK
| | - Mary E Ramsay
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| | - Rafaq Azad
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Dagmar Waiblinger
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Brian Willett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Shamez N Ladhani
- Immunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK.
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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15
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Pagel C, Wilde H, Tomlinson C, Mateen B, Brown K. A Methodological Framework for Assessing the Benefit of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination following Previous Infection: Case Study of Five- to Eleven-Year-Olds. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:988. [PMID: 37243092 PMCID: PMC10220644 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination rates against SARS-CoV-2 in children aged five to eleven years remain low in many countries. The current benefit of vaccination in this age group has been questioned given that the large majority of children have now experienced at least one SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, protection from infection, vaccination or both wanes over time. National decisions on offering vaccines to this age group have tended to be made without considering time since infection. There is an urgent need to evaluate the additional benefits of vaccination in previously infected children and under what circumstances those benefits accrue. We present a novel methodological framework for estimating the potential benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in previously infected children aged five to eleven, accounting for waning. We apply this framework to the UK context and for two adverse outcomes: hospitalisation related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and Long Covid. We show that the most important drivers of benefit are: the degree of protection provided by previous infection; the protection provided by vaccination; the time since previous infection; and future attack rates. Vaccination can be very beneficial for previously infected children if future attack rates are high and several months have elapsed since the previous major wave in this group. Benefits are generally larger for Long Covid than hospitalisation, because Long Covid is both more common than hospitalisation and previous infection offers less protection against it. Our framework provides a structure for policy makers to explore the additional benefit of vaccination across a range of adverse outcomes and different parameter assumptions. It can be easily updated as new evidence emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pagel
- Clinical Operational Research Unit, Department of Mathematics, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Harrison Wilde
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London (UCL), London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Christopher Tomlinson
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London (UCL), London NW1 2DA, UK
- UK Research and Innovation Centre for Doctoral Training in AI-enabled Healthcare Systems, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London (UCL), London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Bilal Mateen
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London (UCL), London NW1 2DA, UK
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London (UCL), London W1T 7DN, UK
- Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Katherine Brown
- Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6DD, UK
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16
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Pillai A, Nayak A, Tiwari D, Pillai PK, Pandita A, Sakharkar S, Balasubramanian H, Kabra N. COVID-19 Disease in Under-5 Children: Current Status and Strategies for Prevention including Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:693. [PMID: 36992278 PMCID: PMC10058749 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in early 2020, we have steadily gained insight into its pathogenesis; thereby improving surveillance and preventive measures. In contrast to other respiratory viruses, neonates and young children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have a milder clinical presentation, with only a small proportion needing hospitalization and intensive care support. With the emergence of novel variants and improved testing services, there has been a higher incidence of COVID-19 disease reported among children and neonates. Despite this, the proportion of young children with severe disease has not increased. Key mechanisms that protect young children from severe COVID-19 disease include the placental barrier, differential expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, immature immune response, and passive transfer of antibodies via placenta and human milk. Implementing mass vaccination programs has been a major milestone in reducing the global disease burden. However, considering the lower risk of severe COVID-19 illness in young children and the limited evidence about long-term vaccine safety, the risk-benefit balance in children under five years of age is more complex. In this review, we do not support or undermine vaccination of young children but outline current evidence and guidelines, and highlight controversies, knowledge gaps, and ethical issues related to COVID-19 vaccination in young children. Regulatory bodies should consider the individual and community benefits of vaccinating younger children in their local epidemiological setting while planning regional immunization policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Pillai
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Anuja Nayak
- Bai Jerabai Wadia Hospital for Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel East, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepika Tiwari
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratichi Kadam Pillai
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aakash Pandita
- Medanta Super Specialty Hospital, Sector-A, Pocket-1, Amar Shaheed Path, Golf City, Lucknow 226030, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Sakharkar
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Nandkishor Kabra
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Milligan EC, Olstad K, Williams CA, Mallory M, Cano P, Cross KA, Munt JE, Garrido C, Lindesmith L, Watanabe J, Usachenko JL, Hopkins L, Immareddy R, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Elizaldi SR, Roh JW, Sammak RL, Pollard RE, Yee JL, Herbek S, Scobey T, Miehlke D, Fouda G, Ferrari G, Gao H, Shen X, Kozlowski PA, Montefiori D, Hudgens MG, Edwards DK, Carfi A, Corbett KS, Graham BS, Fox CB, Tomai M, Iyer SS, Baric R, Reader R, Dittmer DP, Van Rompay KKA, Permar SR, De Paris K. Infant rhesus macaques immunized against SARS-CoV-2 are protected against heterologous virus challenge 1 year later. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd6383. [PMID: 36454813 PMCID: PMC9765459 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration only gave emergency use authorization of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for infants 6 months and older in June 2022. Yet questions regarding the durability of vaccine efficacy, especially against emerging variants, in this age group remain. We demonstrated previously that a two-dose regimen of stabilized prefusion Washington SARS-CoV-2 S-2P spike (S) protein encoded by mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) or purified S-2P mixed with 3M-052, a synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, in a squalene emulsion (Protein+3M-052-SE) was safe and immunogenic in infant rhesus macaques. Here, we demonstrate that broadly neutralizing and spike-binding antibodies against variants of concern (VOCs), as well as T cell responses, persisted for 12 months. At 1 year, corresponding to human toddler age, we challenged vaccinated rhesus macaques and age-matched nonvaccinated controls intranasally and intratracheally with a high dose of heterologous SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta). Seven of eight control rhesus macaques exhibited severe interstitial pneumonia and high virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract. In contrast, vaccinated rhesus macaques had faster viral clearance with mild to no pneumonia. Neutralizing and binding antibody responses to the B.1.617.2 variant at the day of challenge correlated with lung pathology and reduced virus replication. Overall, the Protein+3M-052-SE vaccine provided superior protection to the mRNA-LNP vaccine, emphasizing opportunities for optimization of current vaccine platforms. The observed efficacy of both vaccines 1 year after vaccination supports the implementation of an early-life SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Milligan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine Olstad
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Caitlin A Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Mallory
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patricio Cano
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Cross
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer E Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carolina Garrido
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Watanabe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jodie L Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lincoln Hopkins
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ramya Immareddy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Sonny R Elizaldi
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jamin W Roh
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rebecca L Sammak
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rachel E Pollard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - JoAnn L Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Savannah Herbek
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dieter Miehlke
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Genevieve Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Christopher B Fox
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research Materials Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN 55144, USA
| | - Smita S Iyer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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18
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Kwon HJ, Zhang J, Kosikova M, Tang W, Ortega-Rodriguez U, Peng H, Meseda CA, Pedro CL, Schmeisser F, Lu J, Kang I, Zhou B, Davis CT, Wentworth DE, Chen WH, Shriver MC, Barnes RS, Pasetti MF, Weir JP, Chen B, Xie H. Distinct in vitro and in vivo neutralization profiles of monoclonal antibodies elicited by the receptor binding domain of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28673. [PMID: 36916782 PMCID: PMC10189799 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are sought to curb coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Here we produced and characterized a set of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). Two of them, 17A7 and 17B10, were highly potent in microneutralization assay with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) ≤135 ng/mL against infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants, including G614, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, Kappa, Lambda, B.1.1.298, B.1.222, B.1.5, and R.1. Both mAbs (especially 17A7) also exhibited strong in vivo efficacy in protecting K18-hACE2 transgenic mice from the lethal infection with G614, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta viruses. Structural analysis indicated that 17A7 and 17B10 target the tip of the receptor binding motif in the RBD-up conformation. A third RBD-reactive mAb (3A6) although escaped by Beta and Gamma, was highly effective in cross-neutralizing Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants in vitro and in vivo. In competition experiments, antibodies targeting epitopes similar to these 3 mAbs were rarely enriched in human COVID-19 convalescent sera or postvaccination sera. These results are helpful to inform new antibody/vaccine design and these mAbs can be useful tools for characterizing SARS-CoV-2 variants and elicited antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Kwon
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matina Kosikova
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Weichun Tang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Uriel Ortega-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hanqin Peng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clement A. Meseda
- Laboratory of DNA viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Cyntia L. Pedro
- Laboratory of DNA viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Falko Schmeisser
- Laboratory of DNA viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Codex BioSolutions, Inc.,12358 Parklawn Drive, Suite 250A, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Insung Kang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - Charles T. Davis
- CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- CDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - Wilbur H. Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mallory C. Shriver
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robin S. Barnes
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerry P. Weir
- Laboratory of DNA viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bing Chen
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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19
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Beijnen EMS, Odumade OA, Haren SDV. Molecular Determinants of the Early Life Immune Response to COVID-19 Infection and Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030509. [PMID: 36992093 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations from primary COVID infection in children are generally less severe as compared to adults, and severe pediatric cases occur predominantly in children with underlying medical conditions. However, despite the lower incidence of disease severity, the burden of COVID-19 in children is not negligible. Throughout the course of the pandemic, the case incidence in children has substantially increased, with estimated cumulative rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptomatic illness in children comparable to those in adults. Vaccination is a key approach to enhance immunogenicity and protection against SARS-CoV-2. Although the immune system of children is functionally distinct from that of other age groups, vaccine development specific for the pediatric population has mostly been limited to dose-titration of formulations that were developed primarily for adults. In this review, we summarize the literature pertaining to age-specific differences in COVID-19 pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. In addition, we review molecular distinctions in how the early life immune system responds to infection and vaccination. Finally, we discuss recent advances in development of pediatric COVID-19 vaccines and provide future directions for basic and translational research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M S Beijnen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medicine Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Ho-Yan Fong C, Zhang X, Chen LL, Wing-Shan Poon R, Pui-Chun Chan B, Zhao Y, King-Ho Wong C, Chan KH, Yuen KY, Fan-Ngai Hung I, Yuk Yuen JK, Kai-Wang To K. Effect of vaccine booster, vaccine type, and hybrid immunity on humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain and Omicron variant sublineages BA.2 and BA.5 among older adults with comorbidities: a cross sectional study. EBioMedicine 2023; 88:104446. [PMID: 36706582 PMCID: PMC9874281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination reduces COVID-19-related hospitalization among older adults. However, how SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine regimens affect vaccine-elicited immunity remain unclear. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study recruiting adults aged ≥70 years with comorbidities in Hong Kong. Demographic and clinical information were collected using a questionnaire. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers (against ancestral and Omicron strains) and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response were analyzed according to infection and vaccination status. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of BNT162b2 and booster doses with higher nAb titers, with adjustment for comorbidities. FINDINGS In July 2022, 101 patients were recruited, of whom 25 (24%) had previous infection. Overall, the geometric mean titer (GMT) of BA.5 nAb was 2.8-fold lower than that against BA.2 (P < 0.0001). The ancestral strain and BA.2 titers were higher for the 3-4-dose-BNT162 group than the 2-dose-BNT162b2 group. Non-infected individuals in the 3-4-dose-CoronaVac group had a more robust T cell response than the 2-dose-CoronaVac group (P = 0.0181), but there was no significant difference between the 2-dose-BNT162b2 and 3-4-dose-BNT162b groups. Patients who had heterologous CoronaVac-BNT162b2 prime-boost regimen had 3.22-fold higher BA.5 nAb titers than those who were primed/boosted with CoronaVac (P = 0.0207). Patients with hybrid immunity had higher Omicron nAb titers than those with vaccine-only immunity. Multivariable analysis showed that BNT162b2 and booster doses were independently associated with higher ancestral strain nAb titers. INTERPRETATION Our data support the use of booster doses for older adults with or without prior infection. Non-infected individuals primed with CoronaVac will benefit from heterologous mRNA vaccine booster. FUNDING Richard and Carol Yu, May Tam Mak Mei Yin, The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Tong, Marina Lee, Government Consultancy Service (See acknowledgements for full list).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ho-Yan Fong
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rosana Wing-Shan Poon
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Brian Pui-Chun Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carlos King-Ho Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jacqueline Kwan Yuk Yuen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Corresponding author. Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology, 19th Floor, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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21
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Buonsenso D, Cusenza F, Passadore L, Bonanno F, De Guido C, Esposito S. Duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children after natural infection or vaccination in the omicron and pre-omicron era: A systematic review of clinical and immunological studies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1024924. [PMID: 36713374 PMCID: PMC9874918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duration of humoral and cellular memory in children previously infected SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated and subsequent risk of reinfection is still not fully elucidated. Methods Systematic review of studies retrieved from medical databases and article reference lists. Results From 2420 identified articles, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Children infected during the pre-omicron era developed long lasting (at least 10-12 months) humoral and cellular immunity against pre-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, but have reduced in vitro cross-reactivity against Omicron. Conversely, although vaccination has a limited efficacy in preventing new infection with pre-Omicron and Omicron variants, in vitro studies suggested that vaccine-induced immunity provides better in vitro cross-neutralization against pre-Omicron and Omicron variants. Preprints published after the period of inclusion of our review suggested that overall risk of infection after Omicron infection is reduced, but children developed weak neutralizing responses in about half cases. Conclusions Available evidence, although limited, suggested a long-lasting but unperfect protection of previous infections or vaccination against pre-Omicron and Omicron variants. Based on our findings, it might be reasonable to offer families of children infected before Omicron a booster vaccination. A similar indication should be proposed also for those infected with Omicron, specifically for more fragile children at higher risk of COVID-19-related complications, based on better cross-variant neutralisation induced by vaccination. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier ID 353189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Buonsenso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Centro di Salute Globale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy,*Correspondence: Danilo Buonsenso,
| | - Francesca Cusenza
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Passadore
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonanno
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia De Guido
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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22
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Zhou C, Wu A, Ye S, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wu H, Ruan D, Chen S, Tang W, Xu S, Li Q, Su K. Possible transmission of COVID-19 epidemic by a dog as a passive mechanical carrier of SARS-CoV-2, Chongqing, China, 2022. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28408. [PMID: 36519594 PMCID: PMC9877642 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Yongchuan district of Chongqing, China in March 2022, while the source was unknown. We aimed to investigate the origin and transmission route of the virus in the outbreak. We conducted field investigations for all cases and collected their epidemiological and clinical data. We performed gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis for the cases, and draw the epidemic curve and the case relationship chart to analyze interactions and possible transmission mode of the outbreak. A total of 11 cases of COVID-19, including 5 patients and 6 asymptomatic cases were laboratory-confirmed in the outbreak. The branch of the virus was Omicron BA.2 which was introduced into Yongchuan district by a traveler in early March. Patient F and asymptomatic case G had never contact with other positive-infected individuals, but close contact with their pet dog that sniffed the discarded cigarette butts and stepped on the sputum of patient B. Laboratory test results showed that the dog hair and kennel were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the 10 isolates were highly homologous to an epidemic strain in a province of China. The investigation suggested that the contaminated dog by SARS-CoV-2 can act as a passive mechanical carrier of the virus and might transmit the virus to humans through close contact. Our findings suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing hygiene measures and hand washing after close contact with pets is essential to minimize the risk of community spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbei Zhou
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ailin Wu
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Sheng Ye
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic MicrobesChongqingChina
| | - Zongliang Zhou
- Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Xiyou Zhao
- Community Health Service Center of Zhongshan Road, Yongchuan DistrictChongqingChina
| | - Ya Wang
- Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Huan Wu
- Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Dandan Ruan
- Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Shuang Chen
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic MicrobesChongqingChina
| | - Wenge Tang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Shibin Xu
- Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Qin Li
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Kun Su
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina,School of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Public Health Medical CenterChongqingChina
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23
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Morello W, Vianello FA, Bulgaro C, Montini G. Epidemiology, severity, and risk of SARS-CoV-2-related relapse in children and young adults affected by idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective observational cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:1159-1166. [PMID: 36136155 PMCID: PMC9510541 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with underlying kidney diseases display a mild course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they only accounted for a minority of cases until the spread of the Omicron variant. Nonetheless, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) has been advocated as a predictor of worse outcome. METHODS We investigated the spread, severity, and risk of relapse related to SARS-CoV-2 infection among children with INS. The incidence and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections, immunosuppression, and vaccination status were retrospectively collected from the beginning of the pandemic to May 31, 2022. RESULTS We enrolled 176 patients (73 females, median age 10.22 years); 28 had a steroid-resistant disease, and 108 (61.4%) were on immunosuppressive therapy. Sixty-one (34.7%) patients reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection, with incidence peaking between December 2021 and January 2022. No hospitalization or deaths were reported, and symptoms were absent or mild. The rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection was similar in children with and without immunosuppression (33.8% vs 35.2%; p = 0.85). None of the 38 immunosuppressed patients discontinued the therapy, but they had a longer time to negativization (13.31 vs. 10.04 days; p = 0.03). Proteinuria was detected in 7 patients, but only one had a relapse requiring steroid therapy, with prompt remission and a mild course. CONCLUSIONS After the spread of the Omicron variant, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with INS was much higher than previously reported. In this large cohort, symptoms were mild, even in immunosuppressed patients and those with proteinuria. During the infection, transient proteinuria was common with a low rate of relapses. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Morello
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via della Commenda 9, 20122, Milano, Italy.
| | - Federica Alessandra Vianello
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Bulgaro
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy ,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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24
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Seidel A, Jacobsen EM, Fabricius D, Class M, Zernickel M, Blum C, Conzelmann C, Weil T, Groß R, Bode SFN, Renk H, Elling R, Stich M, Kirchhoff F, Debatin KM, Münch J, Janda A. Serum neutralizing capacity and T-cell response against the omicron BA.1 variant in seropositive children and their parents one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1020865. [PMID: 37051428 PMCID: PMC10083310 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1020865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Durability of immune protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 remains enigmatic, especially in the pediatric population and in the context of immune-evading variants of concern. Obviously, this knowledge is required for measures to contain the spread of infection and in selecting rational preventive measures. Methods Here, we investigated the serum neutralization capacity of 36 seropositive adults and 34 children approximately one year after infection with the ancestral Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 by using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Results We found that 88.9% of seropositive adult (32/36) and 94.1% of seropositive children (32/34) convalescents retained the neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain (WT). Although, the neutralization effect against Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529.1) was significantly lower, 70.6% (24/34) of children and 41.7% (15/36) of adults possessed BA.1 cross-neutralizing antibodies. The spike 1 (S1)-specific T cell recall capacity using an activation-induced marker assay was analyzed in 18 adults and 16 children. All participants had detectable S1-specific CD4 T cells against WT, and 72.2% (13/18) adults and 81,3% (13/16) children had detectable S1 WT-specific CD8 T cells. CD4 cross-reactivity against BA.1 was demonstrated in all investigated adults (18/18), and 66.7% (12/18) adult participants had also detectable specific CD8 BA.1 T cells while we detected BA.1 S1 reactive CD4 and CD8 T cells in 81.3% (13/16) children. Discussion Together, our findings demonstrate that infection with the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2 in children as well as in adults induces robust serological as well as T cell memory responses that persist over at least 12 months. This suggests persistent immunological memory and partial cross-reactivity against Omicron BA.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Seidel
- UlmUniversity Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
| | - Magdalena Class
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
| | - Carmen Blum
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- UlmUniversity Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Weil
- UlmUniversity Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- UlmUniversity Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian F. N. Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty for Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximillian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- UlmUniversity Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- UlmUniversity Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aleš Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm,Germany
- Correspondence: Aleš Janda
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25
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Li X, Li J, Zhou P, Li D, Wang M, Tong Q, Chen J, Zuo C, Zhang L, Li R. The functional views on response of host rabbit post coronavirus vaccination via ACE2 PET. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2023; 13:43-50. [PMID: 36923599 PMCID: PMC10009468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging can dynamically and quantitatively record the biochemical changes in a systemic view. In this research, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus was intramuscularly injected to simulate the vaccination with inactivated virus. New Zealand white rabbits were evaluated with 18F-FDG PET for inflammation and 68Ga-cyc-DX600 PET for ACE2 fluctuation, which were performed before and at 3, 7 and 14 days post injection (d P.I.); furthermore, one rabbit was vaccinated with two cycles with interval of 14 days for a longer period evaluation. Different with the vaccination-induced inflammatory response that was random and individual, ACE2 regulation was systemic and organ-specific: the liver and spleen were of a moderate decrease post injection but rebound at 14 d P.I., while there were a downward trend in heart, testis and bone marrow; besides, similar pattern of ACE2 regulation were recorded after the second injection with a relatively greater volatility. In conclusion, ACE2 PET gave a more comprehensive view on host response post vaccination, hold substantial promise in continuous monitoring of coronavirus vaccine administration and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingxin Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianqian Tong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiangong Hospital Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Rou Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Shanghai 200433, China
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26
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Shen K, Yang C, Chen C, Ho H, Chiu F, Huang C, Liao H, Hsu C, Yu G, Liao C, Chen H, Huang M, Liu S. Omicron-specific mRNA vaccine induced cross-protective immunity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection with low neutralizing antibodies. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28370. [PMID: 36458553 PMCID: PMC9877661 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The major challenge in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is immune escape by SARS-CoV-2 variants. To overcome this, an Omicron-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine was designed. The extracellular domain of the spike of the Omicron variant was fused with a modified GCN4 trimerization domain with low immunogenicity (TSomi). After immunization with TSomi mRNA in hamsters, animals were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 virus. The raised nonneutralizing antibodies or cytokine secretion responses can recognize both Wuhan S and Omicron S. However, the raised antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus infection but failed to generate Wuhan virus neutralizing antibodies. Surprisingly, TSomi mRNA immunization protected animals from Wuhan virus challenge. These data indicated that non-neutralizing antibodies or cellular immunity may play a more important role in vaccine-induced protection than previously believed. Next-generation COVID-19 vaccines using the Omicron S antigen may provide sufficient protection against ancestral or current SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan‐Yin Shen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Chung‐Hsiang Yang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Chiung‐Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical ResearchNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Min Ho
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Fang‐Feng Chiu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Chiung‐Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Hung‐Chun Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Wei Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Guann‐Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Len Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
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Cárdenas Soriano MDP, Medrano Sánchez JC, Gómez Martínez JA. Transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 en escolares durante el primer trimestre del curso 2021/2022 en la provincia de Albacete: incidencia e impacto de las nuevas variantes. Aten Primaria 2023; 55:102516. [PMID: 36436313 PMCID: PMC9637510 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to know the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in the school setting, and the effect of the new variants on it. DESIGN It is an observational longitudinal descriptive study during the first term of the academic year 21/22. SITE: Community health services. PARTICIPANTS Preschool, elementary, secondary, and high school students. INTERVENTIONS none. MAIN MEASUREMENTS We calculated cumulative incidence stratified by grade, source of infection and follow-up period, percentage of vaccinated cases and correlation between cumulative incidence in schooled children per week and cumulative incidence in the general population. RESULTS 1526 cases were reported, and the cumulative incidence was 3,17% and 0,48% in within-school acquired cases. 20,9% were vaccinated. During follow-up, there was an important change in incidence from weeks 49/21 on, at the time Omicron began to appear in Spain, with an increase in secondary cases, mostly high school students. We found a high correlation between general population and schooled children's cumulative incidence (R2 = 0,59). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 transmission in school settings has been affected by new circulating variants. Two propagation scenarios were identified, and they were like the community propagation pattern. This supports the hypothesis that school settings reflect the transmission in the community. Reinforcement of preventive measures and surveillance would have a positive effect on school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Cárdenas Soriano
- Unidad Docente de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública Castilla-La Mancha, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, España.
| | - José Carlos Medrano Sánchez
- Unidad Docente y Multidisciplinar de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria, Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Alcázar de San Juan, Alcazar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, España; Centro de Salud de Madridejos, Toledo, España
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28
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Chi H, Chang L, Chao YC, Lin DS, Yang HW, Fang LC, Lin CH, Ho CS, Yang KD. Pathogenesis and Preventive Tactics of Immune-Mediated Non-Pulmonary COVID-19 in Children and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214157. [PMID: 36430629 PMCID: PMC9696849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved to immune escape and threatened small children and the elderly with a higher severity and fatality of non-pulmonary diseases. These life-threatening non-pulmonary COVID-19 diseases such as acute necrotizing encephalopathies (ANE) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are more prevalent in children. However, the mortality of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is much higher than that of MIS-C although the incidence of MIS-A is lower. Clarification of immunopathogenesis and genetic susceptibility of inflammatory non-pulmonary COVID-19 diseases would provide an appropriate guide for the crisis management and prevention of morbidity and fatality in the ongoing pandemic. This review article described three inflammatory non-pulmonary COVID-19 diseases including (1) meningoencephalitis (ME), (2) acute necrotizing encephalopathies (ANE), and (3) post-infectious multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and in adults (MIS-A). To prevent these life-threatening non-pulmonary COVID-19 diseases, hosts carrying susceptible genetic variants should receive prophylactic vaccines, avoid febrile respiratory tract infection, and institute immunomodulators and mitochondrial cocktails as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Chi
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, TamSui, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chao
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Shong Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, TamSui, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Woei Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, TamSui, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chih Fang
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, TamSui, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Che-Sheng Ho
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.H.); (K.D.Y.)
| | - Kuender D. Yang
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, TamSui, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-S.H.); (K.D.Y.)
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29
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Sitaras I, Jacobsen H, Higdon MM, Dowling WE, Bar-Zeev N, Deloria Knoll M. Systematic review of primary and booster COVID-19 sera neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:147. [PMID: 36379935 PMCID: PMC9665011 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus neutralization data using post-vaccination sera are an important tool in informing vaccine use policy decisions, however, they often pose interpretive challenges. We systematically reviewed the pre-print and published literature for neutralization studies against Omicron using sera collected after both primary and booster vaccination. We found a high proportion of post-primary vaccination sera were not responding against Omicron but boosting increased both neutralizing activity and percent of responding sera. We recommend reporting percent of responders alongside neutralization data to portray vaccine neutralization ability more accurately.
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30
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Yu C, Fengzhao Z, Hongmei W, Zeyuan L, Yu L, Yuhang G, Rufei S, Qingzhu J, Xiaorong S, Xia W, Caiping S, Zhi X, Chunmei L. The impact of vaccination on patients with COVID-19 during the wave of Omicron in Shanghai. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1054313. [PMID: 36438303 PMCID: PMC9682288 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1054313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global health has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic persistently, of which Omicron is currently the predominant variant. However, the impact of vaccination on Omicron remained uncertain. Objective This study sought to explore the effect of vaccination on patients infected with Omicron. Methods A retrospective observational cohort was conducted in the largest Fangcang shelter hospital in Shanghai from April 1 to May 30, 2022. The demographics, length of hospital stay, clinical symptoms, the comorbidities and vaccination status were recorded. Clinical outcomes of the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups were compared and analyzed. Results Of the 3,119 patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study, 2,226 (71.4%) patients had received nCoV-19 vaccine while 893 (28.6%) patients had not received it before admission. Patients in the vaccinated group had significantly shorter length of hospital stay than those in the unvaccinated group (15.48 ± 2.708 vs. 15.85 ± 3.102, p < 0.001). More asymptomatic patients were observed in the vaccinated group than the non-vaccinated (70.4 vs. 64.5%, p < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the older the age, the more significant the difference was (p < 0.005). Conclusions Vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in the severity of Omicron infection compared with no vaccination. Vaccination appears to make Omicron-infected people with milder symptoms than unvaccinated people. This suggests the potential effectiveness of current vaccines against Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Fengzhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wu Hongmei
- Department of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zeyuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yu
- Department of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo Yuhang
- Department of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shen Rufei
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Qingzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sun Xiaorong
- Department of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Xia
- Department of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Caiping
- Department of Office of the Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Zhi
- Department of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo Chunmei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Xu A, Hong B, Lou F, Wang S, Li W, Shafqat A, An X, Zhao Y, Song L, Tong Y, Fan H. Sub-lineages of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants: Characteristics and prevention. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e172. [PMID: 35992968 PMCID: PMC9380698 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) have emerged, accelerating the spread of the virus. Omicron was defined by the World Health Organization in November 2021 as the fifth "variant of concern" after Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. In recent months, Omicron has become the main epidemic strain. Studies have shown that Omicron carries more mutations than Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and wild-type, facilitating immune escape and accelerating its transmission. This review focuses on the Omicron variant's origin, transmission, main biological features, subvariants, mutations, immune escape, vaccination, and detection methods. We also discuss the appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures that should be taken to address the new challenges posed by the Omicron variant. This review is valuable to guide the surveillance, prevention, and development of vaccines and other therapies for Omicron variants. It is desirable to develop a more efficient vaccine against the Omicron variant and take more effective measures to constrain the spread of the epidemic and promote public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Xu
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi UniversityJiamusiChina
| | - Bixia Hong
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Fuxing Lou
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Shuqi Wang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Wenye Li
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Amna Shafqat
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yunwei Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi UniversityJiamusiChina
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
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32
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Seery V, Raiden S, Russo C, Borda M, Herrera L, Uranga M, Varese A, Marcó Del Pont M, Chirino C, Erramuspe C, Álvarez LS, Lenoir M, Morales LD, Davenport C, Alarcón Flores A, Huespe Auchter S, Ruiz Y, Monsalvo L, Sastoque L, Gavazzi M, Mazzitelli I, Di Diego F, Longueira Y, Mazzitelli B, Sananez I, De Carli N, Biglione MM, Gómez Penedo JM, Ceballos A, Laufer N, Ferrero F, Geffner J, Arruvito L. Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in children infected with pre-Omicron variants: An observational cohort study. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104230. [PMID: 35988465 PMCID: PMC9387350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite that pediatric COVID-19 is usually asymptomatic or mild, SARS-CoV-2 infection typically results in the development of an antibody response. Contradictory observations have been reported when the antibody response of children and adults were compared in terms of strength, specificity and perdurability. Methods This observational study includes three cohorts infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020-July 2021: unvaccinated infected children (n=115), unvaccinated infected adults (n=62), and vaccinated infected children (n=76). Plasma anti-spike IgG antibodies and neutralising activity against Wuhan, Delta and Omicron variants after 7-17 months post-infection were analysed. Findings More than 95% of unvaccinated infected children and adults remained seropositive when evaluated at 382-491 and 386-420 days after infection, respectively. Anti-spike IgG titers and plasma neutralising activity against Wuhan, Delta and Omicron variants were higher in children compared to adults. No differences were found when unvaccinated infected children were stratified by age, gender or presence/absence of symptoms in the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but a slight decrease in the antibody response was observed in those with comorbidities. Vaccination of previously infected children with two doses of the inactivated BBIBP-CorV or the mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and/or mRNA-1273, further increased anti-spike IgG titers and neutralising activity against Wuhan, Delta and Omicron variants. Interpretation Unvaccinated infected children mount a more potent and sustained antibody response compared with adults, which is significantly increased after vaccination. Further studies including not only the analysis of the immune response but also the effectiveness to prevent reinfections by the different Omicron lineages are required to optimise vaccination strategy in children. Funding National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion from Argentina (PICTO-COVID-SECUELAS-00007 and PMO-BID-PICT2018-2548).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Seery
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Raiden
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Av. Montes de Oca 40, C1270 CABA, Argentina
| | - Constanza Russo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Borda
- Hospital Pediátrico Juan Pablo II, Av. Artigas 1435, W3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Largión Herrera
- Hospital Dr. Salvador Mazza, Sta. Josefa Rosello 356, H3540 Chaco, Argentina
| | - Macarena Uranga
- Hospital Universitario Austral, Av. Juan Domingo Perón 1500, B1629 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Varese
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - María Marcó Del Pont
- Hospital Universitario Austral, Av. Juan Domingo Perón 1500, B1629 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Chirino
- Policlínico Regional Juan Domingo Perón, Maipú 450, D5732 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Constanza Erramuspe
- Policlínico Regional Juan Domingo Perón, Maipú 450, D5732 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Laura Silvana Álvarez
- Hospital Universitario Austral, Av. Juan Domingo Perón 1500, B1629 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Lenoir
- Hospital Universitario Austral, Av. Juan Domingo Perón 1500, B1629 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolina Davenport
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Av. Montes de Oca 40, C1270 CABA, Argentina
| | | | | | - Yanina Ruiz
- Hospital Dr. Salvador Mazza, Sta. Josefa Rosello 356, H3540 Chaco, Argentina
| | - Liliana Monsalvo
- Hospital Dr. Salvador Mazza, Sta. Josefa Rosello 356, H3540 Chaco, Argentina
| | - Laura Sastoque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Magalí Gavazzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Mazzitelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Di Diego
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Yesica Longueira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Bianca Mazzitelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Inés Sananez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Norberto De Carli
- Clínica del Niño de Quilmes, Av. Lamadrid 444, B1878 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirna Marcela Biglione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | | | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Laufer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Fernando Ferrero
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Av. Montes de Oca 40, C1270 CABA, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Arruvito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina. UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Caba, Argentina.
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Whittaker R, Greve-Isdahl M, Bøås H, Suren P, Buanes EA, Veneti L. COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Children <18 Years by Variant Wave in Norway. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188698. [PMID: 35916036 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-057564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is limited evidence on whether the relative severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adolescents differs for different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants. We compare the risk of hospitalization to acute COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) among unvaccinated persons <18 years with COVID-19 (cases) between waves of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron (sublineage BA.1) variants in Norway. METHODS We used linked individual-level data from national registries to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using multivariable log-binomial regression. We adjusted for variant wave, demographic characteristics, and underlying comorbidities. RESULTS We included 10 538 Alpha (21 hospitalized with acute COVID-19, 7 MIS-C), 42 362 Delta (28 acute COVID-19, 14 MIS-C), and 82 907 Omicron wave cases (48 acute COVID-19, 7 MIS-C). The risk of hospitalization with acute COVID-19 was lower in the Delta (aRR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.93) and Omicron wave (aRR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24-0.68), compared to the Alpha wave. We found no difference in this risk for Omicron compared to Delta. The risk of MIS-C was lower for Omicron, compared to Alpha (aRR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03-0.27) and Delta (aRR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10-0.63). CONCLUSIONS We do not find clear evidence that different variants have influenced the risk of hospitalization with acute COVID-19 among unvaccinated children and adolescents in Norway. The lower risk of this outcome with Omicron and Delta may reflect changes in other factors over time, such as the testing strategy, maternal vaccination and/or hospitalization criteria. The emergence of Omicron has reduced the risk of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pål Suren
- Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Alnes Buanes
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.,Norwegian Intensive Care and Pandemic Registry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Peng D, Huang H, Liu Z, Gao Y, Liu Y. Vitamin D levels and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 in children: A longitudinal cohort study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960859. [PMID: 35958248 PMCID: PMC9358048 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the picture between vitamin D levels and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 in children. Methods A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study was performed. All included hospitalized cases were divided into the sufficient (sVD) and insufficient vitamin D (iVD) groups according to whether their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration was ≥30 ng/mL. Dynamic changes in clinical parameters were observed for seven time periods within 28 days after admission. Results Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with age in the included cases (r = −0.6; P < 0.001). Compared with the iVD group (n = 80), the sVD group (n = 36) had higher interleukin-6 (18.4 vs. 12.9; P = 0.003) within the first day; higher procalcitonin within the first (0.15 vs. 0.1; P = 0.03), 2–3 (0.14 vs. 0.07; P = 0.03), 4–5 (0.21 vs. 0.07; P = 0.02) days; more lymphocytes within the first (1.6 vs. 1.2; P = 0.02), 2–3 (3.7 vs. 2; P = 0.001), 4–5 (3.9 vs. 2.1; P = 0.01) and 6–7 (4.9 vs. 2.7; P = 0.02) days; notably, higher cycle threshold for N gene (30.6 vs 19.8; P = 0.03) or ORF1ab gene (31.4 vs 20.1; P = 0.03) within 2 to 3 days. Pneumonia lesions were found in eleven and six cases in the iVD and sVD groups, respectively, without significant difference on computed tomography at admission. Six out of eleven and five out of six had a repeat computed tomography after 1–2 weeks. Lesion improvement was more significant in the sVD group (P = 0.04). Conclusions Children with vitamin D insufficiency might have poorer clinical outcomes in Omicron subvariant BA.2 infection, especially in older pediatric patients. Further studies are needed to assess effectiveness of supplements in reducing the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denggao Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanzhang Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Risk Factors for Slow Viral Decline in COVID-19 Patients during the 2022 Omicron Wave. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081714. [PMID: 36016336 PMCID: PMC9412339 DOI: 10.3390/v14081714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Formulating termination of isolation (de-isolation) policies requires up-to-date knowledge about viral shedding dynamics. However, current de-isolation policies are largely based on viral load data obtained before the emergence of Omicron variant. In this retrospective cohort study involving adult patients hospitalised for COVID-19 between January and February 2022, we sought to determine SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding kinetics and to investigate the risk factors associated with slow viral decline during the 2022 Omicron wave. A total of 104 patients were included. The viral load was highest (Ct value was lowest) on days 1 post-symptom-onset (PSO) and gradually declined. Older age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and chronic kidney disease were associated with slow viral decline in the univariate analysis on both day 7 and day 10 PSO, while incomplete or no vaccination was associated with slow viral decline on day 7 PSO only. However, older age was the only risk factor that remained statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, older age is an independent risk factor associated with slow viral decline in this study conducted during the Omicron-dominant 2022 COVID-19 wave. Transmission-based precaution guidelines should take age into consideration when determining the timing of de-isolation.
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Bloise S, Marcellino A, Frasacco B, Gizzone P, Proietti Ciolli C, Martucci V, Sanseviero M, Del Giudice E, Ventriglia F, Lubrano R. Cross-Sectional Survey on BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Serious Adverse Events in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age: A Monocentric Experience. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081224. [PMID: 36016112 PMCID: PMC9416594 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the safety of COVID-19 vaccine in children resident in the Latina Local Health Authority. Methods: We conducted a telephone survey among children aged 5–11 years receiving BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between December 15 and 21. The main outcomes included the presence of allergic reactions or anaphylaxis, adverse events after 24–48 h, 7 and 20 days of taking the first and second doses of medications, and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination. The information obtained was automatically linked to a spreadsheet and analyzed. Results: 569 children were enrolled. The mean age was 114 ± 4.24 months; there were 251 males in the study. The vaccine showed a favorable safety profile; no anaphylaxis or serious adverse events were reported. The most common symptoms both after the first and second dose were injection site reactions, asthenia, and headache. Injection site reactions were more frequent after the first dose (p = 0.01), while systemic symptoms were more frequent after the second dose (p = 0.022). These symptoms were more frequent in patients with comorbidities (p = 0.0159). Conclusion: Our findings confirm the safety of COVID-19 vaccine in children younger 11 years and could be useful to promote its diffusion in pediatric ages in order to achieve “herd immunity” and prevent the virus’s circulation.
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Poon RWS, Chan BPC, Chan WM, Fong CHY, Zhang X, Lu L, Chen LL, Lam JY, Cheng VCC, Wong SSY, Kok KH, Yuen KY, To KKW. SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity after the severe Omicron wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2116-2119. [PMID: 35880656 PMCID: PMC9448364 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Omicron variant has led to a major fifth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong between January and May 2022. Here, we used seroprevalence to estimate the combined incidence of vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection, including subclinical infection which were not diagnosed at the acute stage. The overall seropositive rate of IgG against receptor binding domain (anti-RBD IgG) increased from 52.2% in December 2021 to 89.3% in May 2022. The level of anti-RBD IgG was lowest in the 0-9 and ≥80 year-old age groups in May 2022. The seropositive rate of antibody against ORF8, which reflects the rate of prior infection, was 23.4% in May 2022. Our data suggest that although most individuals were either vaccinated or infected after the fifth wave, children and older adults remain most vulnerable. Public health measures should target these vulnerable age groups in order to ameliorate the healthcare consequences of upcoming waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Wing-Shan Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Brian Pui-Chun Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carol Ho-Yan Fong
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Joy-Yan Lam
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Samson S Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and Attitudes toward a COVID-19 Booster Dose among Healthy Thai Adolescents. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071098. [PMID: 35891264 PMCID: PMC9324447 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the BNT162b2 vaccination coverage, rapid transmission of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 has occurred, which is suspected to be due to the immune escape of the variant or waning vaccine efficacy of multiple BNT162b2 vaccination doses. Our study aims to compare immunogenicity against Omicron prior to and post a booster dose of BNT162b2 in healthy adolescents, and to evaluate their attitudes toward booster dose vaccination. A cross sectional study was conducted among healthy adolescents aged 12–17 who received two doses of BNT162b2 more than 5 months ago. Participants and their guardians performed self-reported questionnaires regarding reasons for receiving the booster. A 30 ug booster dose of BNT162b2 was offered. Immunogenicity was evaluated by a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) against the Omicron variant, and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain IgG (anti-S-RBD IgG) taken pre-booster and 14-days post-booster. From March to April 2022, 120 healthy Thai adolescents with a median age of 15 years (IQR 14–16) were enrolled. sVNT against Omicron pre- and post-booster had 11.9 (95%CI 0–23.9) and 94.3 (90.6–97.4) % inhibition. Geometric means (GMs) of anti-S-RBD IgG increased from 837 (728, 953) to 3041 (2893, 3229) BAU/mL. Major reasons to receive the booster vaccination were perceived as vaccine efficacy, reduced risk of spreading infection to family, and safe resumption of social activities. A booster dose of BNT162b2 elicits high immunogenicity against the Omicron variant. Motivation for receiving booster doses is to reduce risk of infection.
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Mengist HM, Kombe Kombe JA, Jin T. Immune Evasion by the Highly Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. Infect Drug Resist 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/idr.s366437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Bazargan M, Elahi R, Esmaeilzadeh A. OMICRON: Virology, immunopathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3435. [PMID: 35726542 PMCID: PMC9350010 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emersion, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a significant global dilemma. Several mutations in the severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-Co-2) genome has given rise to different variants with various levels of transmissibility, severity and mortality. Up until November 2021, the variants of concern declared by the World Health Organization were Alpha, Beta, Delta and Gamma. Since then, a novel variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529) has been developed. BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 and BA.3 are four known subvariants of Omicron. The Omicron variant involves new mutations in its spike protein, most of which are in its receptor binding site, and increase its transmissibility and decrease its antibody and vaccine response. Understanding the virology and mutations of Omicron is necessary for developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Moreover, important issues, such as the risk of re-infection, the response to different kinds of vaccines, the need for a booster vaccine dose and the increased risk of Omicron infection in pediatrics, need to be addressed. In this article, we provide an overview of the biological and immunopathological properties of Omicron and its subvariants, its clinical signs and symptoms, Omicron and pediatrics, vaccines against Omicron, re-infection with Omicron, diagnostic approaches and specific challenges of Omicron in the successful control and management of the rapid global spread of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bazargan
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineSahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari HospitalSahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Elahi
- School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of ImmunologyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research CenterZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
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Li J, Wu J, Long Q, Wu Y, Hu X, He Y, Jiang M, Li J, Zhao L, Yang S, Chen X, Wang M, Zheng J, Wu F, Wu R, Ren L, Bu L, Wang H, Li K, Fu L, Zhang G, Zheng Y, Gao Z. Comprehensive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Diverse Chinese Population. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9873831. [PMID: 35935138 PMCID: PMC9275105 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9873831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 variants have been emerging and have made great challenges to current vaccine and pandemic control strategies. It is urgent to understand the current immune status of various Chinese populations given that the preexisting immunity has been established by national vaccination or exposure to past variants. Using sera from 85 individuals (including 21 convalescents of natural infection, 15 cases which suffered a breakthrough infection after being fully vaccinated, and 49 healthy vaccinees), we showed significantly enhanced neutralizing activities against SRAS-CoV-2 variants in convalescent sera, especially those who had been fully vaccinated. The neutralizing antibodies against Omicron were detectable in 75% of convalescents and 44.9% of healthy vaccinees (p = 0.006), with a GMT of 289.5, 180.9-463.3, and 42.6, 31.3-59, respectively. However, the neutralizing activities were weaker in young convalescents (aged < 18 y), with a detectable rate of 50% and a GMT of 46.4 against Omicron. We also examined and found no pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing activities in vaccinated SARS-CoV-1 survivors. A booster dose could further increase the breadth and magnitude of neutralization against WT and variants of concern (VOCs) to different degrees. In addition, we showed that COVID-19-inactivated vaccines can elicit Omicron-specific T-cell responses. The positive rates of ELISpot reactions were 26.7% (4/15) and 43.8% (7/16) in the full vaccination group and the booster vaccination group, respectively, although without statistically significant difference. The neutralizing antibody titers declined while T-cell responses remain consistent over 6 months. These findings will inform the optimization of public health vaccination and intervention strategies to protect diverse populations against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Advances. Breakthrough infection significantly boosted neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants as compared to booster immunization with inactivated vaccine. Vaccine-induced virus-specific T-cell immunity, on the other hand, may compensate for the shortfall. Furthermore, the public health system should target the most vulnerable group due to a poorer protective serological response in both infected and vaccinated adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Li
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuyue Long
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan'an Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yukun He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzheng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuoqi Yang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianshi Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiliang Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lihong Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Bu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Houzhao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lijuan Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Cancer Research Center and The Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gutiérrez MÁM, Trujillo LS, Domínguez JAR, Caballero IC, Cuartero BG, García-Herrero MÁ, Marcos MJP, Amador JTR, Río CMD, Calle MDCVL. Clinical Characteristics of Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant in Children: A Multicenter Study in Spain. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58:669-671. [PMID: 35753837 PMCID: PMC9212659 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Sánchez Trujillo
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | - Beatríz García Cuartero
- Unidad de Endocrinología y Diabetes Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Lorthe E, Bellon M, Berthelot J, Michielin G, L'Huillier AG, Posfay-Barbe KM, Azman AS, Guessous I, Maerkl SJ, Eckerle I, Stringhini S. A SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant outbreak in a primary school in Geneva, Switzerland. THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:767-768. [PMID: 35429994 PMCID: PMC9009838 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cross-reactive immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is low in pediatric patients with prior COVID-19 or MIS-C. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2979. [PMID: 35624101 PMCID: PMC9142524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralization capacity of antibodies against Omicron after a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents is not well studied. Therefore, we evaluated virus-neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants by age-stratified analyses (<5, 5-11, 12-21 years) in 177 pediatric patients hospitalized with severe acute COVID-19, acute MIS-C, and in convalescent samples of outpatients with mild COVID-19 during 2020 and early 2021. Across all patients, less than 10% show neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron. Children <5 years of age hospitalized with severe acute COVID-19 have lower neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants compared with patients >5 years of age. As expected, convalescent pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C cohorts demonstrate higher neutralization titers than hospitalized acute COVID-19 patients. Overall, children and adolescents show some loss of cross-neutralization against all variants, with the most pronounced loss against Omicron. In contrast to SARS-CoV-2 infection, children vaccinated twice demonstrated higher titers against Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. These findings can influence transmission, re-infection and the clinical disease outcome from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and supports the need for vaccination in children.
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Yang S, Tong Y, Chen L, Yu W. Human Identical Sequences, hyaluronan, and hymecromone ─ the new mechanism and management of COVID-19. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:15. [PMID: 35593963 PMCID: PMC9120813 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created formidable damage to public health and market economy. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 variants has exacerbated the transmission from person-to-person. Even after a great deal of investigation on COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is still rampaging globally, emphasizing the urgent need to reformulate effective prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we review the latest research progress of COVID-19 and provide distinct perspectives on the mechanism and management of COVID-19. Specially, we highlight the significance of Human Identical Sequences (HIS), hyaluronan, and hymecromone ("Three-H") for the understanding and intervention of COVID-19. Firstly, HIS activate inflammation-related genes to influence COVID-19 progress through NamiRNA-Enhancer network. Accumulation of hyaluronan induced by HIS-mediated HAS2 upregulation is a substantial basis for clinical manifestations of COVID-19, especially in lymphocytopenia and pulmonary ground-glass opacity. Secondly, detection of plasma hyaluronan can be effective for evaluating the progression and severity of COVID-19. Thirdly, spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 may bind to hyaluronan and further serve as an allergen to stimulate allergic reaction, causing sudden adverse effects after vaccination or the aggravation of COVID-19. Finally, antisense oligonucleotides of HIS or inhibitors of hyaluronan synthesis (hymecromone) or antiallergic agents could be promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Collectively, Three-H could hold the key to understand the pathogenic mechanism and create effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tong
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Sieber J, Mayer M, Schmidthaler K, Kopanja S, Camp JV, Popovitsch A, Dwivedi V, Hoz J, Schoof A, Weseslindtner L, Szépfalusi Z, Stiasny K, Aberle JH. Long-Lived Immunity in SARS-CoV-2-Recovered Children and Its Neutralizing Capacity Against Omicron. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882456. [PMID: 35663948 PMCID: PMC9157051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is effectively controlled by humoral and cellular immune responses. However, the durability of immunity in children as well as the ability to neutralize variants of concern are unclear. Here, we assessed T cell and antibody responses in a longitudinal cohort of children after asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 over a 12-month period. Antigen-specific CD4 T cells remained stable over time, while CD8 T cells declined. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced long-lived neutralizing antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (D614G isolate), but with poor cross-neutralization of omicron. Importantly, recall responses to vaccination in children with pre-existing immunity yielded neutralizing antibody activities against D614G and omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants that were 3.9-fold, 9.9-fold and 14-fold higher than primary vaccine responses in seronegative children. Together, our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection in children induces robust memory T cells and antibodies that persist for more than 12 months, but lack neutralizing activity against omicron. Vaccination of pre-immune children, however, substantially improves the omicron-neutralizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sieber
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Margareta Mayer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Schmidthaler
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Kopanja
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeremy V. Camp
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Varsha Dwivedi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakub Hoz
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Schoof
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zsolt Szépfalusi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith H. Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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47
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Lu L, Chen LL, Zhang RRQ, Tsang OTY, Chan JMC, Tam AR, Leung WS, Chik TSH, Lau DPL, Choi CYC, Fong CHY, Cai JP, Tsoi HW, Choi CYK, Zhang X, Abdullah SMU, Chan BPC, Chan KH, Yuen KY, Hung IFN, To KKW. Boosting of serum neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant among recovered COVID-19 patients by BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines. EBioMedicine 2022; 79:103986. [PMID: 35398786 PMCID: PMC8989491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evades immunity from past infection or vaccination and is associated with a greater risk of reinfection among recovered COVID-19 patients. We assessed the serum neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity against Omicron variant (Omicron NAb) among recovered COVID-19 patients with or without vaccination. Methods In this prospective cohort study with 135 recovered COVID-19 patients, we determined the serum NAb titers against ancestral virus or variants using a live virus NAb assay. We used the receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the optimal cutoff for a commercially-available surrogate NAb assay. Findings Among recovered COVID-19 patients, the serum live virus geometric mean Omicron NAb titer was statistically significantly higher among BNT162b2 recipients compared to non-vaccinated individuals (85.4 vs 5.6,P < 0.0001). The Omicron seropositive rates in live virus NAb test (NAb titer ≥10) were statistically significantly higher among BNT162b2 (90.6% [29/32];P < 0.0001) or CoronaVac (36.7% [11/30]; P = 0.0115) recipients when compared with non-vaccinated individuals (12.3% [9/73]). Subgroup analysis of CoronaVac recipients showed that the Omicron seropositive rates were higher among individuals with two doses than those with one dose (85.7% vs 21.7%; P = 0.0045). For the surrogate NAb assay, a cutoff of 109.1 AU/ml, which is 7.3-fold higher than the manufacturer's recommended cutoff, could achieve a sensitivity and specificity of 89.5% and 89.8%, respectively, in detecting Omicron NAb. Interpretation Among individuals with prior COVID-19, one dose of BNT162b2 or two doses of CoronaVac could induce detectable serum Omicron NAb. Our result would be particularly important for guiding vaccine policies in countries with COVID-19 vaccine shortage. Funding Health and Medical Research Fund, Richard and Carol Yu, Michael Tong (see acknowledgments for full list).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ricky Rui-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Owen Tak-Yin Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jacky Man-Chun Chan
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai-Shing Leung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Thomas Shiu-Hong Chik
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Daphne Pui-Ling Lau
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Yau-Chung Choi
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carol Ho-Yan Fong
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hoi-Wah Tsoi
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Charlotte Yee-Ki Choi
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Umer Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Brian Pui-Chun Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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48
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Cheng VCC, Ip JD, Chu AWH, Tam AR, Chan WM, Abdullah SMU, Chan BPC, Wong SC, Kwan MYW, Chua GT, Ip P, Chan JMC, Lam BHS, To WK, Chuang VWM, Yuen KY, Hung IFN, To KKW. Rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 in a single-source community outbreak. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e44-e49. [PMID: 35271728 PMCID: PMC8992238 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2 sublineage has increased rapidly in Europe and Asia since January 2022. Here, we report the epidemiological and genomic analysis of a large single source BA.2 outbreak in a housing estate. Methods We analyzed the epidemiological information of a community outbreak of BA.2 (STY outbreak). We performed whole viral genome sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore MinION device. We calculated the doubling time of the outbreak within a housing estate. Results The STY outbreak involved a total of 768 individuals as of 5 th February 2022, including 432 residents, visitors or staff (56.3%) from a single housing estate (KC Estate). The outbreak at the KC Estate has a short doubling time of 1.28 days (95% confidence interval: 0.560-1.935). The outbreak was promptly controlled with the lockdown of 3 buildings within the housing estate. Whole genome sequencing was performed for 133 patients in the STY outbreak, including 106 residents of the KC Estate. All 133 sequences from the STY outbreak belonged to the BA.2 sublineage, and phylogenetic analysis showed that these sequences cluster together. All individuals in the STY cluster had the unique mutation C12525T. Conclusions Our study highlights the exceptionally high transmissibility of the Omicron variant BA.2 sublineage in Hong Kong where stringent measures are implemented as part of the elimination strategy. Continual genomic surveillance is crucial in monitoring the emergence of epidemiologically important Omicron sub-variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jonathan Daniel Ip
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Allen Wing-Ho Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Umer Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Brian Pui-Chun Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuk-Ching Wong
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Mike Yat-Wah Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jacky Man-Chun Chan
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bosco Hoi-Shiu Lam
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Kin To
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vivien Wai-Man Chuang
- Quality & Safety Division, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Chen LL, Chu AWH, Zhang RRQ, Hung IFN, To KKW. Serum neutralisation of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron sublineage BA.2. THE LANCET MICROBE 2022; 3:e404. [PMID: 35373159 PMCID: PMC8959473 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Allen Wing-Ho Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ricky Rui-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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50
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Taytard J, Prevost B, Schnuriger A, Aubertin G, Berdah L, Bitton L, Dupond-Athenor A, Thouvenin G, Nathan N, Corvol H. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant Causes an Unprecedented Surge in Children Hospitalizations and Distinct Clinical Presentation Compared to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:932170. [PMID: 35832582 PMCID: PMC9271577 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.932170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the midst of successive waves of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant has recently caused a surge in pediatric infections and hospitalizations. This study aimed to describe and compare the symptoms, explorations, treatment and evolution of COVID-19 in hospitalized children during the successive B.1.617.2 (delta) and B.1.1.529 (omicron) waves. METHODS This observational study was performed in the Pediatric Pulmonology Department of a University Hospital in Paris, France. All hospitalized children aged between 0 and 18 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in nasopharyngeal swabs from July 15th to December 15th 2021 (delta wave), and from December 15th 2021 to February 28th 2022 (omicron wave) were included. RESULTS In total, 53 children were included, 14 (26.4%) during the delta wave and 39 (73.6%) during the omicron wave (almost three times as many hospitalizations in half the time during the latter wave). During the omicron wave, hospitalized patients were mostly aged < 5 years (90 vs. 71% of all the children during omicron and delta waves, respectively), and tended to have fewer underlying conditions (56 vs. 79% during omicron and delta waves, respectively, p = 0.20). The omicron variant was also responsible for a different clinical presentation when compared to the delta variant, with significantly higher and often poorly tolerated temperatures (p = 0.03) and increased digestive symptoms (p = 0.01). None of the three patients who were older than 12 years were fully vaccinated. CONCLUSION The dramatic increase in the hospitalization of children with COVID-19 and the modification of the clinical presentation between the latest delta and omicron waves require pediatricians to remain vigilant. It should also encourage caregivers to ensure vaccination in children older than 5 years, for whom the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine has been deemed safe, immunogenic, and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Taytard
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 1158, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Prevost
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), Inserm UMR_S938, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Schnuriger
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), Inserm UMR_S938, Paris, France.,Virology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Aubertin
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), Inserm UMR_S938, Paris, France
| | - Laura Berdah
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), Inserm UMR_S938, Paris, France
| | - Lauren Bitton
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Dupond-Athenor
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), Inserm UMR_S938, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Thouvenin
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), Inserm UMR_S938, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Nathan
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S933, Paris, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), Inserm UMR_S938, Paris, France
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