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Wu Z, Smith K, Gerondopoulos A, Sobajima T, Parker JL, Barr FA, Newstead S, Biggin PC. Molecular basis for pH sensing in the KDEL trafficking receptor. Structure 2024; 32:866-877.e4. [PMID: 38626766 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Trafficking receptors control protein localization through the recognition of specific signal sequences that specify unique cellular locations. Differences in luminal pH are important for the vectorial trafficking of cargo receptors. The KDEL receptor is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the ER by retrieving luminally localized folding chaperones in a pH-dependent mechanism. Structural studies have revealed the end states of KDEL receptor activation and the mechanism of selective cargo binding. However, precisely how the KDEL receptor responds to changes in luminal pH remains unclear. To explain the mechanism of pH sensing, we combine analysis of X-ray crystal structures of the KDEL receptor at neutral and acidic pH with advanced computational methods and cell-based assays. We show a critical role for ordered water molecules that allows us to infer a direct connection between protonation in different cellular compartments and the consequent changes in the affinity of the receptor for cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Wu
- Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kathryn Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Tomoaki Sobajima
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Joanne L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Francis A Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Simon Newstead
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Philip C Biggin
- Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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2
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Amagai Y, Yamada M, Kowada T, Watanabe T, Du Y, Liu R, Naramoto S, Watanabe S, Kyozuka J, Anelli T, Tempio T, Sitia R, Mizukami S, Inaba K. Zinc homeostasis governed by Golgi-resident ZnT family members regulates ERp44-mediated proteostasis at the ER-Golgi interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2683. [PMID: 37160917 PMCID: PMC10170084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many secretory enzymes acquire essential zinc ions (Zn2+) in the Golgi complex. ERp44, a chaperone operating in the early secretory pathway, also binds Zn2+ to regulate its client binding and release for the control of protein traffic and homeostasis. Notably, three membrane transporter complexes, ZnT4, ZnT5/ZnT6 and ZnT7, import Zn2+ into the Golgi lumen in exchange with protons. To identify their specific roles, we here perform quantitative Zn2+ imaging using super-resolution microscopy and Zn2+-probes targeted in specific Golgi subregions. Systematic ZnT-knockdowns reveal that ZnT4, ZnT5/ZnT6 and ZnT7 regulate labile Zn2+ concentration at the distal, medial, and proximal Golgi, respectively, consistent with their localization. Time-course imaging of cells undergoing synchronized secretory protein traffic and functional assays demonstrates that ZnT-mediated Zn2+ fluxes tune the localization, trafficking, and client-retrieval activity of ERp44. Altogether, this study provides deep mechanistic insights into how ZnTs control Zn2+ homeostasis and ERp44-mediated proteostasis along the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Amagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Momo Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuyin Du
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tempio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Shin Mizukami
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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3
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The Diffusion Model of Intra-Golgi Transport Has Limited Power. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021375. [PMID: 36674888 PMCID: PMC9861033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex (GC) is the main station along the cell biosecretory pathway. Until now, mechanisms of intra-Golgi transport (IGT) have remained unclear. Herein, we confirm that the goodness-of-fit of the regression lines describing the exit of a cargo from the Golgi zone (GZ) corresponds to an exponential decay. When the GC was empty before the re-initiation of the intra-Golgi transport, this parameter of the curves describing the kinetics of different cargoes (which are deleted in Golgi vesicles) with different diffusional mobilities within the GZ as well as their exit from the GZ was maximal for the piecewise nonlinear regression, wherein the first segment was horizontal, while the second segment was similar to the exponential decay. The kinetic curve describing cargo exit from the GC per se resembled a linear decay. The Monte-Carlo simulation revealed that such curves reflect the role of microtubule growth in cells with a central GC or the random hovering of ministacks in cells lacking a microtubule. The synchronization of cargo exit from the GC already filled with a cargo using the wave synchronization protocol did not reveal the equilibration of cargo within a Golgi stack, which would be expected from the diffusion model (DM) of IGT. Moreover, not all cisternae are connected to each other in mini-stacks that are transporting membrane proteins. Finally, the kinetics of post-Golgi carriers and the important role of SNAREs for IGT at different level of IGT also argue against the DM of IGT.
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Yue X, Qian Y, Zhu L, Gim B, Bao M, Jia J, Jing S, Wang Y, Tan C, Bottanelli F, Ziltener P, Choi S, Hao P, Lee I. ACBD3 modulates KDEL receptor interaction with PKA for its trafficking via tubulovesicular carrier. BMC Biol 2021; 19:194. [PMID: 34493279 PMCID: PMC8424950 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KDEL receptor helps establish cellular equilibrium in the early secretory pathway by recycling leaked ER-chaperones to the ER during secretion of newly synthesized proteins. Studies have also shown that KDEL receptor may function as a signaling protein that orchestrates membrane flux through the secretory pathway. We have recently shown that KDEL receptor is also a cell surface receptor, which undergoes highly complex itinerary between trans-Golgi network and the plasma membranes via clathrin-mediated transport carriers. Ironically, however, it is still largely unknown how KDEL receptor is distributed to the Golgi at steady state, since its initial discovery in late 1980s. Results We used a proximity-based in vivo tagging strategy to further dissect mechanisms of KDEL receptor trafficking. Our new results reveal that ACBD3 may be a key protein that regulates KDEL receptor trafficking via modulation of Arf1-dependent tubule formation. We demonstrate that ACBD3 directly interact with KDEL receptor and form a functionally distinct protein complex in ArfGAPs-independent manner. Depletion of ACBD3 results in re-localization of KDEL receptor to the ER by inducing accelerated retrograde trafficking of KDEL receptor. Importantly, this is caused by specifically altering KDEL receptor interaction with Protein Kinase A and Arf1/ArfGAP1, eventually leading to increased Arf1-GTP-dependent tubular carrier formation at the Golgi. Conclusions These results suggest that ACBD3 may function as a negative regulator of PKA activity on KDEL receptor, thereby restricting its retrograde trafficking in the absence of KDEL ligand binding. Since ACBD3 was originally identified as PAP7, a PBR/PKA-interacting protein at the Golgi/mitochondria, we propose that Golgi-localization of KDEL receptor is likely to be controlled by its interaction with ACBD3/PKA complex at steady state, providing a novel insight for establishment of cellular homeostasis in the early secretory pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01137-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Bopil Gim
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjing Bao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyang Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanting Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Francesca Bottanelli
- Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Ziltener
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunkyu Choi
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Piliang Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Zhang H, Chi J, Hu J, Ji T, Luo Z, Zhou C, Huang L, Dai Z, Li J, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. Intracellular AGR2 transduces PGE2 stimuli to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:180-195. [PMID: 34216690 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human anterior gradient homolog 2 (AGR2) reportedly acts as an oncogene in multiple types of cancers. As a secreted protein, the oncogenic roles of extracellular AGR2 have been the focus of the increasing number of studies. In contrast, the oncological functions of intracellular AGR2 (iAGR2) remain elusive. Here, we report that intracellular AGR2 (iAGR2) is sufficient to promote CRC metastasis. iAGR2 binds to KDEL receptors (KDELRs) via its KTEL motif to activate downstream Gs-PKA signaling. Activated PKA upregulates the expression of NF-κB subunit c-Rel (REL) and acetylates histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) to promote the transcription of SNAIL and SLUG. AGR2 can be upregulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via EP4-PI3K-AKT pathway and is indispensable for PGE2-induced CRC metastasis. AGR2 knockdown enhances therapeutic effects of a COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, in CRC metastasis. Collectively, our study reveals a promoting role and molecular mechanisms of iAGR2 in CRC metastasis and uncovers a new tumor microenvironment signal regulating AGR2 expression, which may provide new targets for treating metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyang Chi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Caihong Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Dai
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Assembly and Cellular Exit of Coronaviruses: Hijacking an Unconventional Secretory Pathway from the Pre-Golgi Intermediate Compartment via the Golgi Ribbon to the Extracellular Space. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030503. [PMID: 33652973 PMCID: PMC7996754 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) assemble by budding into the lumen of the intermediate compartment (IC) at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi interface. However, why CoVs have chosen the IC as their intracellular site of assembly and how progeny viruses are delivered from this compartment to the extracellular space has remained unclear. Here we address these enigmatic late events of the CoV life cycle in light of recently described properties of the IC. Of particular interest are the emerging spatial and functional connections between IC elements and recycling endosomes (REs), defined by the GTPases Rab1 and Rab11, respectively. The establishment of IC-RE links at the cell periphery, around the centrosome and evidently also at the noncompact zones of the Golgi ribbon indicates that—besides traditional ER-Golgi communication—the IC also promotes a secretory process that bypasses the Golgi stacks, but involves its direct connection with the endocytic recycling system. The initial confinement of CoVs to the lumen of IC-derived large transport carriers and their preferential absence from Golgi stacks is consistent with the idea that they exit cells following such an unconventional route. In fact, CoVs may share this pathway with other intracellularly budding viruses, lipoproteins, procollagen, and/or protein aggregates experimentally introduced into the IC lumen.
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7
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Jia J, Yue X, Zhu L, Jing S, Wang Y, Gim B, Qian Y, Lee I. KDEL receptor is a cell surface receptor that cycles between the plasma membrane and the Golgi via clathrin-mediated transport carriers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1085-1100. [PMID: 32562023 PMCID: PMC11072833 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
KDEL receptor cycles between the ER and the Golgi to retrieve ER-resident chaperones that get leaked to the secretory pathway during protein export from the ER. Recent studies have shown that a fraction of KDEL receptor may reside in the plasma membrane and function as a putative cell surface receptor. However, the trafficking itinerary and mechanism of cell surface expressed KDEL receptor remains largely unknown. In this study, we used N-terminally Halo-tagged KDEL receptor to investigate its endocytosis from the plasma membrane and trafficking itinerary of the endocytosed receptor through the endolysosomal compartments. Our results indicate that surface-expressed KDEL receptor undergoes highly complex recycling pathways via the Golgi and peri-nuclear recycling endosomes that are positive for Rab11 and Rab14, respectively. Unexpectedly, KDEL receptor appears to preferentially utilize clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway as well as clathrin-dependent transport carriers for export from the trans-Golgi network. Taken together, we suggest that KDEL receptor may be a bona fide cell surface receptor with a complex, yet well-defined trafficking itinerary through the endolysosomal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiyang Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bopil Gim
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Zulkefli KL, Mahmoud IS, Williamson NA, Gosavi PK, Houghton FJ, Gleeson PA. A role for Rab30 in retrograde trafficking and maintenance of endosome-TGN organization. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112442. [PMID: 33359467 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rab30 is a poorly characterized small GTPase. Here we show that Rab30 is localised primarily to the TGN and recycling endosomes in a range of cell types, including primary neurons; minor levels of Rab30 were also detected throughout the Golgi stack and early endosomes. Silencing of Rab30 resulted in the dispersal of both early and recycling endosomes and TGN compartments in HeLa cells. By analyzing cargo trafficking in Rab30-silenced and Rab30-overexpressing HeLa cells, we demonstrate that Rab30 plays a role in retrograde trafficking of TGN38 from endosomes to the Golgi, but has no apparent role in the endocytic recycling of the transferrin receptor to the plasma membrane. Five interactive partners with Rab30 were identified by pull-down and MS analysis using GFP-tagged Rab30 mutant, Rab30(Q68L). Two of the interactive partners identified were Arf1 and Arf4, known regulators of endosome to TGN retrograde transport. Knockdown of Arf1 and Arf4 results in GFP-Rab30 decorated tubules arising from the recycling endosomes, suggesting association of Rab30 with tubular carriers. Overall our data demonstrates a role for Rab30 in regulating retrograde transport to the TGN and maintenance of endosomal-TGN organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalisah L Zulkefli
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ismail S Mahmoud
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Prajakta Kulkarni Gosavi
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona J Houghton
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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9
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Newstead S, Barr F. Molecular basis for KDEL-mediated retrieval of escaped ER-resident proteins - SWEET talking the COPs. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/19/jcs250100. [PMID: 33037041 PMCID: PMC7561476 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein localisation in the cell is controlled through the function of trafficking receptors, which recognise specific signal sequences and direct cargo proteins to different locations. The KDEL receptor (KDELR) was one of the first intracellular trafficking receptors identified and plays an essential role in maintaining the integrity of the early secretory pathway. The receptor recognises variants of a canonical C-terminal Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) signal sequence on ER-resident proteins when these escape to the Golgi, and targets these proteins to COPI- coated vesicles for retrograde transport back to the ER. The empty receptor is then recycled from the ER back to the Golgi by COPII-coated vesicles. Crystal structures of the KDELR show that it is structurally related to the PQ-loop family of transporters that are found in both pro- and eukaryotes, and shuttle sugars, amino acids and vitamins across cellular membranes. Furthermore, analogous to PQ-loop transporters, the KDELR undergoes a pH-dependent and ligand-regulated conformational cycle. Here, we propose that the striking structural similarity between the KDELR and PQ-loop transporters reveals a connection between transport and trafficking in the cell, with important implications for understanding trafficking receptor evolution and function. Summary: The structure of the KDEL receptor gives new insights into the close connection between trafficking and transport in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Newstead
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Francis Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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10
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Robinson DG, Aniento F. A Model for ERD2 Function in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:343. [PMID: 32269585 PMCID: PMC7109254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ER lumenal proteins have a K(H)DEL motif at their C-terminus. This is recognized by the ERD2 receptor (KDEL receptor in animals), which localizes to the Golgi apparatus and serves to capture escaped ER lumenal proteins. ERD2-ligand complexes are then transported back to the ER via COPI coated vesicles. The neutral pH of the ER causes the ligands to dissociate with the receptor being returned to the Golgi. According to this generally accepted scenario, ERD2 cycles between the ER and the Golgi, although it has been found to have a predominant Golgi localization. In this short article, we present a model for the functioning of ERD2 receptors in higher plants that explains why it is difficult to detect fluorescently tagged ERD2 proteins in the ER. The model assumes that the residence time for ERD2 in the ER is very brief and restricted to a specific domain of the ER. This is the small disc of ER immediately subjacent to the first cis-cisterna of the Golgi stack, representing specialized ER export and import sites and therefore constituting part of what is known as the "secretory unit", a mobile aggregate of ER domain plus Golgi stack. ERD2 molecules in the ER domain of the secretory unit may be small in number, transient and optically difficult to differentiate from the larger population of ERD2 molecules in the overlying Golgi stack in the confocal microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Robinson
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fernando Aniento
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Bräuer P, Parker JL, Gerondopoulos A, Zimmermann I, Seeger MA, Barr FA, Newstead S. Structural basis for pH-dependent retrieval of ER proteins from the Golgi by the KDEL receptor. Science 2019; 363:1103-1107. [PMID: 30846601 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Selective export and retrieval of proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus is indispensable for eukaryotic cell function. An essential step in the retrieval of ER luminal proteins from the Golgi is the pH-dependent recognition of a carboxyl-terminal Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) signal by the KDEL receptor. Here, we present crystal structures of the chicken KDEL receptor in the apo ER state, KDEL-bound Golgi state, and in complex with an antagonistic synthetic nanobody (sybody). These structures show a transporter-like architecture that undergoes conformational changes upon KDEL binding and reveal a pH-dependent interaction network crucial for recognition of the carboxyl terminus of the KDEL signal. Complementary in vitro binding and in vivo cell localization data explain how these features create a pH-dependent retrieval system in the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Bräuer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Joanne L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andreas Gerondopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Iwan Zimmermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francis A Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Simon Newstead
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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12
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Mironov AA, Beznoussenko GV. Models of Intracellular Transport: Pros and Cons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:146. [PMID: 31440506 PMCID: PMC6693330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular transport is one of the most confusing issues in the field of cell biology. Many different models and their combinations have been proposed to explain the experimental data on intracellular transport. Here, we analyse the data related to the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport from the point of view of the main models of intracellular transport; namely: the vesicular model, the diffusion model, the compartment maturation–progression model, and the kiss-and-run model. This review initially describes our current understanding of Golgi function, while highlighting the recent progress that has been made. It then continues to discuss the outstanding questions and potential avenues for future research with regard to the models of these transport steps. To compare the power of these models, we have applied the method proposed by K. Popper; namely, the formulation of prohibitive observations according to, and the consecutive evaluation of, previous data, on the basis on the new models. The levels to which the different models can explain the experimental observations are different, and to date, the most powerful has been the kiss-and-run model, whereas the least powerful has been the diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mironov
- Department of Cell Biology, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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13
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Reindl J, Gröne HJ, Wolf G, Busch M. Uromodulin-related autosomal-dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease-pathogenetic insights based on a case. Clin Kidney J 2018; 12:172-179. [PMID: 30976393 PMCID: PMC6452205 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin-related autosomal-dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD-UMOD) is a rare monogenic disorder that is characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis and progression of kidney function loss, and may progress to end-stage renal disease. It is usually accompanied by hyperuricaemia and gout. Mutations in the uromodulin gene (UMOD) resulting in malfunctioning of UMOD are known to be the cause of ADTKD-UMOD, which is assumed to be an endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) storage disease. As a case vignette, we report a 29-year-old female with a suspicious family history of chronic kidney disease presenting with progressive loss of renal function, hyperuricaemia and frequent urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections and pyelonephritides may represent a clinical feature of uromodulin malfunction as it plays a protective role against urinary tract infections despite only sporadic data on this topic. ADTKD-UMOD was diagnosed after genetic testing revealing a missense mutation in the UMOD gene. Light microscopy showed excessive tubular interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy together with signs of glomerular sclerosis. Electron microscopic findings could identify electron dense storage deposits in the ER of tubular epithelial cells of the thick ascending loop. Immunohistological staining with KDEL (lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine) showed positivity in the tubular cells, which likely represents ER expansion upon accumulation of misfolded UMOD which could trigger the unfolded protein response and ER stress. This review highlights pathophysiological mechanisms that are subject to ADTKD-UMOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Reindl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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14
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Silva-Alvim FAL, An J, Alvim JC, Foresti O, Grippa A, Pelgrom A, Adams TL, Hawes C, Denecke J. Predominant Golgi Residency of the Plant K/HDEL Receptor Is Essential for Its Function in Mediating ER Retention. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2174-2196. [PMID: 30072420 PMCID: PMC6181015 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of soluble proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of plants is mediated by a receptor termed ER RETENTION DEFECTIVE2 (ERD2) or K/HDEL receptor. Using two gain-of-function assays and by complementing loss of function in Nicotiana benthamiana, we discovered that compromising the lumenal N terminus or the cytosolic C terminus with fluorescent fusions abolishes its biological function and profoundly affects its subcellular localization. Based on the confirmed asymmetrical topology of ERD2, we engineered a new fluorescent ERD2 fusion protein that retains biological activity. Using this fusion, we show that ERD2 is exclusively detected at the Golgi apparatus, unlike nonfunctional C-terminal fusions, which also label the ER. Moreover, ERD2 is confined to early Golgi compartments and does not show ligand-induced redistribution to the ER. We show that the cytosolic C terminus of ERD2 plays a crucial role in its function. Two conserved leucine residues that do not correspond to any known targeting motifs for ER-Golgi trafficking were shown to be essential for both ERD2 Golgi residency and its ability to mediate ER retention of soluble ligands. The results suggest that anterograde ER to Golgi transport of ERD2 is either extremely fast, well in excess of the bulk flow rate, or that ERD2 does not recycle in the way originally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A L Silva-Alvim
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jing An
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas C Alvim
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ombretta Foresti
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Grippa
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Pelgrom
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas L Adams
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jurgen Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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15
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Saraste J, Marie M. Intermediate compartment (IC): from pre-Golgi vacuoles to a semi-autonomous membrane system. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:407-430. [PMID: 30173361 PMCID: PMC6182704 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its discovery more than three decades ago and well-established role in protein sorting and trafficking in the early secretory pathway, the intermediate compartment (IC) has remained enigmatic. The prevailing view is that the IC evolved as a specialized organelle to mediate long-distance endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi communication in metazoan cells, but is lacking in other eukaryotes, such as plants and fungi. However, this distinction is difficult to reconcile with the high conservation of the core machineries that regulate early secretory trafficking from yeast to man. Also, it has remained unclear whether the pleiomorphic IC components—vacuoles, tubules and vesicles—represent transient transport carriers or building blocks of a permanent pre-Golgi organelle. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that the IC maintains its compositional, structural and spatial properties throughout the cell cycle, supporting a model that combines the dynamic and stable aspects of the organelle. Moreover, the IC has been assigned novel functions, such as cell signaling, Golgi-independent trafficking and autophagy. The emerging permanent nature of the IC and its connections with the centrosome and the endocytic recycling system encourage reconsideration of its relationship with the Golgi ribbon, role in Golgi biogenesis and ubiquitous presence in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Michaël Marie
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Wang S, Xie K, Xu G, Zhou H, Guo Q, Wu J, Liao Z, Liu N, Wang Y, Liu Y. Plant G proteins interact with endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein receptors to regulate endoplasmic reticulum retrieval. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:541-561. [PMID: 29573168 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is essential for the production of biomolecules. ER retrieval, i.e., the retrograde transport of compounds from the Golgi to the ER, is one of the pathways that ensures ER homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of ER retrieval in plants remain largely unknown. Plant ERD2-like proteins (ERD2s) were recently suggested to function as ER luminal protein receptors that mediate ER retrieval. Here, we demonstrate that heterotrimeric G protein signaling is involved in ERD2-mediated ER retrieval. We show that ERD2s interact with the heterotrimeric G protein Gα and Gγ subunits at the Golgi. Silencing of Gα, Gβ, or Gγ increased the retention of ER luminal proteins. Furthermore, overexpression of Gα, Gβ, or Gγ caused ER luminal proteins to escape from the ER, as did the co-silencing of ERD2a and ERD2b. These results suggest that G proteins interact with ER luminal protein receptors to regulate ER retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Advanced Biotechnology and Application Research Center, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoyong Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huarui Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zengwei Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Na Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Ramasamy K, Balasubramanian S, Manickam K, Pandranki L, Taylor AB, Hart PJ, Baseman JB, Kannan TR. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Community-Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome Toxin Uses a Novel KELED Sequence for Retrograde Transport and Subsequent Cytotoxicity. mBio 2018; 9:e01663-17. [PMID: 29362229 PMCID: PMC5784248 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01663-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an atypical bacterium that causes respiratory illnesses in humans, including pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It has also been directly linked to reactive airway disease, asthma, and extrapulmonary pathologies. During its colonization, M. pneumoniae expresses a unique ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin designated community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin. CARDS toxin persists and localizes in the airway in CAP patients, asthmatics, and trauma patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Although CARDS toxin binds to specific cellular receptors, is internalized, and induces hyperinflammation, histopathology, mucus hyperplasia, and other airway injury, the intracellular trafficking of CARDS toxin remains unclear. Here, we show that CARDS toxin translocates through early and late endosomes and the Golgi complex and concentrates at the perinuclear region to reach the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Using ER-targeted SNAP-tag, we confirmed the association of CARDS toxin with the ER and determined that CARDS toxin follows the retrograde pathway. In addition, we identified a novel CARDS toxin amino acid fingerprint, KELED, that is required for toxin transport to the ER and subsequent toxin-mediated cytotoxicity.IMPORTANCEMycoplasma pneumoniae, a leading cause of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among children and adults in the United States, synthesizes a 591-amino-acid ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating protein, designated community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin. CARDS toxin alone is sufficient to induce and mimic major inflammatory and histopathological phenotypes associated with M. pneumoniae infection in rodents and primates. In order to elicit its ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating activities, CARDS toxin must bind to host cell receptors, be internalized via clathrin-mediated pathways, and subsequently be transported to specific intracellular organelles. Here, we demonstrate how CARDS toxin utilizes its unique KELED sequence to exploit the retrograde pathway machinery to reach the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and fulfill its cytopathic potential. The knowledge generated from these studies may provide important clues to understand the mode of action of CARDS toxin and develop interventions that reduce or eliminate M. pneumoniae-associated airway and extrapulmonary pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraguruparan Ramasamy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Krishnan Manickam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lavanya Pandranki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander B Taylor
- X-Ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, Institutional Research Cores and Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - P John Hart
- X-Ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, Institutional Research Cores and Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joel B Baseman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - T R Kannan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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18
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Saraste J. Spatial and Functional Aspects of ER-Golgi Rabs and Tethers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:28. [PMID: 27148530 PMCID: PMC4834429 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two conserved Rab GTPases, Rab1 and Rab2, play important roles in biosynthetic-secretory trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells. Both are expressed as two isoforms that regulate anterograde transport via the intermediate compartment (IC) to the Golgi, but are also required for transport in the retrograde direction. Moreover, Rab1 has been implicated in the formation of autophagosomes. Rab1 and Rab2 have numerous effectors or partners that function in membrane tethering, but also have other roles. These include the coiled-coil proteins p115, GM130, giantin, golgin-84, and GMAP-210, as well as the multisubunit COG (conserved oligomeric Golgi) and TRAPP (transport protein particle) tethering complexes. TRAPP also acts as the GTP exchange factor (GEF) in the activation of Rab1. According to the traditional view of the IC elements as motile, transient structures, the functions of the Rabs could take place at the two ends of the ER-Golgi itinerary, i.e., at ER exit sites (ERES) and/or cis-Golgi. However, there is considerable evidence for their specific association with the IC, including its recently identified pericentrosomal domain (pcIC), where many of the effectors turn out to be present, thus being able to exert their functions at the pre-Golgi level. The IC localization of these proteins is of particular interest based on the imaging of Rab1 dynamics, indicating that the IC is a stable organelle that bidirectionally communicates with the ER and Golgi, and is functionally linked to the endosomal system via the pcIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
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19
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Tie HC, Mahajan D, Chen B, Cheng L, VanDongen AMJ, Lu L. A novel imaging method for quantitative Golgi localization reveals differential intra-Golgi trafficking of secretory cargoes. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:848-61. [PMID: 26764092 PMCID: PMC4803310 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-09-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel imaging-based method is introduced to quantitatively localize Golgi proteins at nanometer resolution. The method reveals different intra-Golgi trafficking of secretory cargoes. Cellular functions of the Golgi are determined by the unique distribution of its resident proteins. Currently, electron microscopy is required for the localization of a Golgi protein at the sub-Golgi level. We developed a quantitative sub-Golgi localization method based on centers of fluorescence masses of nocodazole-induced Golgi ministacks under conventional optical microscopy. Our method is rapid, convenient, and quantitative, and it yields a practical localization resolution of ∼30 nm. The method was validated by the previous electron microscopy data. We quantitatively studied the intra-Golgi trafficking of synchronized secretory membrane cargoes and directly demonstrated the cisternal progression of cargoes from the cis- to the trans-Golgi. Our data suggest that the constitutive efflux of secretory cargoes could be restricted at the Golgi stack, and the entry of the trans-Golgi network in secretory pathway could be signal dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieng Chiong Tie
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Bing Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Li Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore 138671 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417
| | - Antonius M J VanDongen
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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20
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Saraste J, Marie M. Intermediate Compartment: A Sorting Station between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CELL BIOLOGY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7150006 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394447-4.20013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Berruti G, Paiardi C. USP8/UBPy-regulated sorting and the development of sperm acrosome: the recruitment of MET. Reproduction 2015; 149:633-44. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The acrosome is a peculiar vacuole that at fertilization undergoes the acrosome reaction (AR), an event unique in the sperm life. Contents released promote sperm penetration through oocyte's investments; membranous components are involved in sperm–egg interaction/fusion. Therefore, both constituents play a role in fertilization. The biogenesis of this vacuole, however, has not been clarified yet; recently, it has been proposed as a novel lysosome-related organelle (LRO). Our research focuses on the involvement of the endosomal pathway in acrosomogenesis starting from the early phases. The trafficking sorted by USP8/UBPy, an endosomal regulator recently described as a compelling candidate for male fertility gene, was investigated in comparison to that of SP56, a marker of the biosynthetic pathway. Mouse spermatids were double/triple immunolabeled and examined by confocal microscopy. The contribution of the vesicular traffic assisted by the cortical microtubule array was also evaluated in nocodazole-treated spermatids. USP8/UBPy-sorted cargo contributes early to acrosomogenesis and its trafficking is microtubule mediated. It was identified, through co-immunoprecipitation/co-immunolocalization assays, that the membrane receptor MET, described herein for the first time in spermatids, as an USP8/UBPy-target substrate is delivered to the acrosome. MET and USP8/UBPy still colocalize in epididymal spermatozoa. Following the AR, MET and USP8/UBPy show a distinct fate. MET, in particular, translocates at the PAS, the post acrosomal segment known to harbor sperm-borne factors involved in oocyte activation. Overall, our results support the concept of the acrosome as a LRO and provide evidence for the identification of MET as a tyrosine kinase receptor that may play a role in fertilization.
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22
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Cancino J, Capalbo A, Di Campli A, Giannotta M, Rizzo R, Jung JE, Di Martino R, Persico M, Heinklein P, Sallese M, Luini A. Control systems of membrane transport at the interface between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Dev Cell 2014; 30:280-94. [PMID: 25117681 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental property of cellular processes is to maintain homeostasis despite varying internal and external conditions. Within the membrane transport apparatus, variations in membrane fluxes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex are balanced by opposite fluxes from the Golgi to the ER to maintain homeostasis between the two organelles. Here we describe a molecular device that balances transport fluxes by integrating transduction cascades with the transport machinery. Specifically, ER-to-Golgi transport activates the KDEL receptor at the Golgi, which triggers a cascade that involves Gs and adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase isoforms and then PKA activation and results in the phosphorylation of transport machinery proteins. This induces retrograde traffic to the ER and balances transport fluxes between the ER and Golgi. Moreover, the KDEL receptor activates CREB1 and other transcription factors that upregulate transport-related genes. Thus, a Golgi-based control system maintains transport homeostasis through both signaling and transcriptional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cancino
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Anita Capalbo
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Campli
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Giannotta
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Juan E Jung
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare (SDN), 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Di Martino
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Persico
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare (SDN), 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Petra Heinklein
- Institut für Biochemie Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CrossOver Charitéplatz 1/Sitz, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Sallese
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Ruggiero C, Cancino J, Giannotta M, Sallese M. Signaling initiated by the secretory compartment. Methods Enzymol 2014; 534:133-54. [PMID: 24359952 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397926-1.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Classical signal transduction is initiated at the plasma membrane by extracellular signals and propagates to the cytosolic face of the same membrane. Multiple studies have shown that endomembranes can act as signaling platforms for this plasma-membrane-originated signaling. Recent evidence has indicated that endomembranes can also trigger their own signaling cascades that involve some of the molecular players that are classically engaged in signal transduction at the plasma membrane. Endomembrane-initiated signaling is important for synchronization of the functioning of the secretory pathway and coordination of the activities of the secretory organelles with other cellular machineries. However, these endomembrane-initiated regulatory circuits are only partially understood to date. This novel field is slowed by a lack of specific tools and the objective difficulties in the study of signal transduction of endomembrane-localized receptors, as their accessibility is limited. For example, the ligand-binding site of the KDEL receptor (that transduces endomembrane signaling) is positioned in the lumen of the Golgi complex. Here we report some approaches that are suitable for the study of endomembrane-initiated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ruggiero
- Department of Cellular and Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Cellular and Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy.
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Robinson DG, Pimpl P. Receptor-mediated transport of vacuolar proteins: a critical analysis and a new model. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:247-64. [PMID: 24019013 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article we challenge the widely accepted view that receptors for soluble vacuolar proteins (VSRs) bind to their ligands at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and transport this cargo via clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) to a multivesicular prevacuolar compartment. This notion, which we term the "classical model" for vacuolar protein sorting, further assumes that low pH in the prevacuolar compartment causes VSR-ligand dissociation, resulting in a retromer-mediated retrieval of the VSRs to the TGN. We have carefully evaluated the literature with respect to morphology and function of the compartments involved, localization of key components of the sorting machinery, and conclude that there is little direct evidence in its favour. Firstly, unlike mammalian cells where the sorting receptor for lysosomal hydrolases recognizes its ligand in the TGN, the available data suggests that in plants VSRs interact with vacuolar cargo ligands already in the endoplasmic reticulum. Secondly, the evidence supporting the packaging of VSR-ligand complexes into CCV at the TGN is not conclusive. Thirdly, the prevacuolar compartment appears to have a pH unsuitable for VSR-ligand dissociation and lacks the retromer core and the sorting nexins needed for VSR recycling. We present an alternative model for protein sorting in the TGN that draws attention to the much overlooked role of Ca(2+) in VSR-ligand interactions and which may possibly also be a factor in the sequestration of secretory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Robinson
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mironov AA, Sesorova IV, Beznoussenko GV. Golgi's way: a long path toward the new paradigm of the intra-Golgi transport. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:383-93. [PMID: 24068461 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transport of proteins and lipids is one of the main cellular functions. The vesicular model, compartment (or cisterna) maturation model, and the diffusion model compete with each other for the right to be the paradigm within the field of the intra-Golgi transport. These models have significant difficulties explaining the existing experimental data. Recently, we proposed the kiss-and-run (KAR) model of intra-Golgi transport (Mironov and Beznoussenko in Int J Mol Sci 13(6):6800-6819, 2012), which can be symmetric, when fusion and fission occur in the same location, and asymmetric, when fusion and fission take place at different sites. Here, we compare the ability of main models of the intra-Golgi transport to explain the existing results examining the evidence in favor and against each model. We propose that the KAR model has the highest potential for the explanation of the majority of experimental observations existing within the field of intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mironov
- Istituto di Oncologia Molecolare di Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 20139, Milan, Italy,
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Tang YQ, Liang P, Zhou J, Lu Y, Lei L, Bian X, Wang K. Auxiliary KChIP4a suppresses A-type K+ current through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention and promoting closed-state inactivation of Kv4 channels. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14727-41. [PMID: 23576435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.466052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain and heart, auxiliary Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) co-assemble with pore-forming Kv4 α-subunits to form a native K(+) channel complex and regulate the expression and gating properties of Kv4 currents. Among the KChIP1-4 members, KChIP4a exhibits a unique N terminus that is known to suppress Kv4 function, but the underlying mechanism of Kv4 inhibition remains unknown. Using a combination of confocal imaging, surface biotinylation, and electrophysiological recordings, we identified a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention motif, consisting of six hydrophobic and aliphatic residues, 12-17 (LIVIVL), within the KChIP4a N-terminal KID, that functions to reduce surface expression of Kv4-KChIP complexes. This ER retention capacity is transferable and depends on its flanking location. In addition, adjacent to the ER retention motif, the residues 19-21 (VKL motif) directly promote closed-state inactivation of Kv4.3, thus leading to an inhibition of channel current. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that KChIP4a suppresses A-type Kv4 current via ER retention and enhancement of Kv4 closed-state inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Quan Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
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Wang G, Norton AS, Pokharel D, Song Y, Hill RA. KDEL peptide gold nanoconstructs: promising nanoplatforms for drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:366-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Numata Y, Morimura T, Nakamura S, Hirano E, Kure S, Goto YI, Inoue K. Depletion of molecular chaperones from the endoplasmic reticulum and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus associated with pathogenesis in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7451-7466. [PMID: 23344956 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.435388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene cause a wide spectrum of hypomyelinating disorders, from mild spastic paraplegia type 2 to severe Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). Mutant PLP1 accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces ER stress. However, the link between the clinical severity of PMD and the cellular response induced by mutant PLP1 remains largely unknown. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER generally leads to up-regulation of ER chaperones to alleviate ER stress. Here, we found that expression of the PLP1-A243V mutant, which causes severe disease, depletes some ER chaperones with a KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) motif, in HeLa cells, MO3.13 oligodendrocytic cells, and primary oligodendrocytes. The same PLP1 mutant also induces fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus (GA). These organelle changes are less prominent in cells with milder disease-associated PLP1 mutants. Similar changes are also observed in cells expressing another disease-causing gene that triggers ER stress, as well as in cells treated with brefeldin A, which induces ER stress and GA fragmentation by inhibiting GA to ER trafficking. We also found that mutant PLP1 disturbs localization of the KDEL receptor, which transports the chaperones with the KDEL motif from the GA to the ER. These data show that PLP1 mutants inhibit GA to ER trafficking, which reduces the supply of ER chaperones and induces GA fragmentation. We propose that depletion of ER chaperones and GA fragmentation induced by mutant misfolded proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of inherited ER stress-related diseases and affect the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Numata
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502; Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574
| | - Toshifumi Morimura
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502; Unit for Neurobiology and Therapeutics, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakamura
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502
| | - Eriko Hirano
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574
| | - Yu-Ich Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502.
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Mironov AA, Beznoussenko GV. The kiss-and-run model of intra-Golgi transport. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6800-6819. [PMID: 22837664 PMCID: PMC3397496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13066800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is the main station along the secretory pathway. Mechanisms of intra-Golgi transport remain unresolved. Three models compete with each other for the right to be defined as the paradigm. The vesicular model cannot explain the following: (1) lipid droplets and aggregates of procollagen that are larger than coatomer I (COPI)-dependent vesicles are transported across the GA; and (2) most anterograde cargoes are depleted in COPI vesicles. The compartment progression/maturation model has the following problems: (1) most Golgi-resident proteins are depleted in COPI vesicles; (2) there are no COPI vesicles for the recycling of the resident proteins in the trans-most-Golgi cisterna; and (3) different proteins have different rates of intra-Golgi transport. The diffusion model based on permanent inter-cisternal connections cannot explain the existence of lipid, ionic and protein gradients across the Golgi stacks. In contrast, the kiss-and-run model has the potential to explain most of the experimental observations. The kiss-and-run model can be symmetric when fusion and then fission occurs in the same place, and asymmetric when fusion takes place in one location, whereas fission takes place in another. The asymmetric kiss-and-run model resembles the carrier maturation mechanism, and it can be used to explain the transport of large cargo aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Mironov
- IFOM Foundation, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM-IEO Campus), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Galina V. Beznoussenko
- IFOM Foundation, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM-IEO Campus), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
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Weldon JE, Pastan I. A guide to taming a toxin--recombinant immunotoxins constructed from Pseudomonas exotoxin A for the treatment of cancer. FEBS J 2011; 278:4683-700. [PMID: 21585657 PMCID: PMC3179548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is a highly toxic protein secreted by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The modular structure and corresponding mechanism of action of PE make it amenable to extensive modifications that can redirect its potent cytotoxicity from disease to a therapeutic function. In combination with a variety of artificial targeting elements, such as receptor ligands and antibody fragments, PE becomes a selective agent for the elimination of specific cell populations. This review summarizes our current understanding of PE, its intoxication pathway, and the ongoing efforts to convert this toxin into a treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Weldon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA
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31
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The KDEL receptor induces autophagy to promote the clearance of neurodegenerative disease-related proteins. Neuroscience 2011; 190:43-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Sarri E, Sicart A, Lázaro-Diéguez F, Egea G. Phospholipid synthesis participates in the regulation of diacylglycerol required for membrane trafficking at the Golgi complex. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28632-43. [PMID: 21700701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.267534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid metabolite diacylglycerol (DAG) is required for transport carrier biogenesis at the Golgi, although how cells regulate its levels is not well understood. Phospholipid synthesis involves highly regulated pathways that consume DAG and can contribute to its regulation. Here we altered phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol synthesis for a short period of time in CHO cells to evaluate the changes in DAG and its effects in membrane trafficking at the Golgi. We found that cellular DAG rapidly increased when PC synthesis was inhibited at the non-permissive temperature for the rate-limiting step of PC synthesis in CHO-MT58 cells. DAG also increased when choline and inositol were not supplied. The major phospholipid classes and triacylglycerol remained unaltered for both experimental approaches. The analysis of Golgi ultrastructure and membrane trafficking showed that 1) the accumulation of the budding vesicular profiles induced by propanolol was prevented by inhibition of PC synthesis, 2) the density of KDEL receptor-containing punctated structures at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi interface correlated with the amount of DAG, and 3) the post-Golgi transport of the yellow fluorescent temperature-sensitive G protein of stomatitis virus and the secretion of a secretory form of HRP were both reduced when DAG was lowered. We confirmed that DAG-consuming reactions of lipid synthesis were present in Golgi-enriched fractions. We conclude that phospholipid synthesis pathways play a significant role to regulate the DAG required in Golgi-dependent membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Sarri
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia, i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Beyond KDEL: The Role of Positions 5 and 6 in Determining ER Localization. J Mol Biol 2011; 409:291-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li J, Zhang Q, Wang T, Li C, Liang M, Li D. Tracking hantavirus nucleocapsid protein using intracellular antibodies. Virol J 2010; 7:339. [PMID: 21092325 PMCID: PMC3002308 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hantavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is a multifunctional viral macromolecule involved in multiple stages of the viral replication cycle. The intracellular trafficking of N protein during virus assembly remains unclear. Methods We used N protein-specific intracellular expressed antibodies to track the localization and distribution of Hantaan virus and Seoul virus N protein. The N protein-specific antibody single-chain variable antibody fragments (scFvs), which bind an N-terminal linear epitope (L13F3) and C-terminal conformational domain (H34), were intracellularly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by fusion of the SEKDEL retention signal peptide at the carboxyl terminus, and in the cytoplasm (Cyto) by deletion of the ER membrane target signal peptide. Stable Vero-E6 cell lines expressing intracellular scFvs were either infected with hantavirus or transfected with an N protein expression plasmid; virus replication and N protein intracellular localization were determined. Result N protein co-localized with scFvs in the ER and cytoplasm with or without viral membrane glycoproteins. Hantavirus replication was inhibited in both the scFvs-ER- and scFvs-Cyto-expressing stable cell lines. Conclusion N protein may be expressed in the ER retention signal peptide of KDEL circulating region (ER/cis-Golgi) without the assistance of G protein, and so expression of N protein in both the cytoplasm and within the ER/cis-Golgi plays an important role in virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Li
- State Key Laboratory, Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, PR China
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The early secretory pathway contributes to the growth of the Coxiella-replicative niche. Infect Immun 2010; 79:402-13. [PMID: 20937765 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00688-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium. After internalization, this bacterium replicates in a large parasitophorous vacuole that has features of both phagolysosomes and autophagosomal compartments. We have previously demonstrated that early after internalization Coxiella phagosomes interact with both the endocytic and the autophagic pathways. In this report, we present evidence that the Coxiella-replicative vacuoles (CRVs) also interact with the secretory pathway. Rab1b is a small GTPase responsible for the anterograde transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. We present evidence that Rab1b is recruited to the CRV at later infection times (i.e., after 6 h of infection). Interestingly, knockdown of Rab1b altered vacuole growth, indicating that this protein was required for the proper biogenesis of the CRV. In addition, overexpression of the active GTPase-defective mutant (GFP-Rab1b Q67L) affected the development of the Coxiella-replicative compartment inhibiting bacterial growth. On the other hand, disruption of the secretory pathway by brefeldin A treatment or by overexpression of Sar1 T39N, a defective dominant-negative mutant of Sar1, affected the typical spaciousness of the CRVs. Taken together, our results show for the first time that the Coxiella-replicative niche also intercepts the early secretory pathway.
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Han JM, Kwon NH, Lee JY, Jeong SJ, Jung HJ, Kim HR, Li Z, Kim S. Identification of gp96 as a novel target for treatment of autoimmune disease in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9792. [PMID: 20352117 PMCID: PMC2843739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins have been implicated as endogenous activators for dendritic cells (DCs). Chronic expression of heat shock protein gp96 on cell surfaces induces significant DC activations and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like phenotypes in mice. However, its potential as a therapeutic target against SLE remains to be evaluated. In this work, we conducted chemical approach to determine whether SLE-like phenotypes can be compromised by controlling surface translocation of gp96. From screening of chemical library, we identified a compound that binds and suppresses surface presentation of gp96 by facilitating its oligomerization and retrograde transport to endoplasmic reticulum. In vivo administration of this compound reduced maturation of DCs, populations of antigen presenting cells, and activated B and T cells. The chemical treatment also alleviated the SLE-associated symptoms such as glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, and accumulation of anti-nuclear and -DNA antibodies in the SLE model mice resulting from chronic surface exposure of gp96. These results suggest that surface translocation of gp96 can be chemically controlled and gp96 as a potential therapeutic target to treat autoimmune disease like SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Han
- Center for Medicinal Protein Network and Systems Biology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- Center for Medicinal Protein Network and Systems Biology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Center for Medicinal Protein Network and Systems Biology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Jeong
- Center for Medicinal Protein Network and Systems Biology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Jung
- Cancer & Infectious Disease Research Center, Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Dae Jeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Rae Kim
- Cancer & Infectious Disease Research Center, Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Dae Jeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zihai Li
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Center for Medicinal Protein Network and Systems Biology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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The KDEL receptor: new functions for an old protein. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:3863-71. [PMID: 19854180 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The KDEL receptor is a seven-transmembrane-domain protein that was first described about 20 years ago. Its well-known function is to retrotransport chaperones from the Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recent studies, however, have suggested that the KDEL receptor has additional functions. Indeed, we have demonstrated that chaperone-bound KDEL receptor triggers the activation of Src family kinases on the Golgi complex. This activity is essential in the regulation of Golgi-to-plasma membrane transport. However, the identification of different KDEL receptor interactors that are inconsistent with these established functions opens the possibility of further receptor activities.
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Marie M, Dale HA, Sannerud R, Saraste J. The function of the intermediate compartment in pre-Golgi trafficking involves its stable connection with the centrosome. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:4458-70. [PMID: 19710425 PMCID: PMC2762134 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-12-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the functional borders of the intermediate compartment (IC) are not well defined, the spatial map of the transport machineries operating between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus remains incomplete. Our previous studies showed that the IC consists of interconnected vacuolar and tubular parts with specific roles in pre-Golgi trafficking. Here, using live cell imaging, we demonstrate that the tubules containing the GTPase Rab1A create a long-lived membrane compartment around the centrosome. Separation of this pericentrosomal domain of the IC from the Golgi ribbon, due to centrosome motility, revealed that it contains a distinct pool of COPI coats and acts as a temperature-sensitive way station in post-ER trafficking. However, unlike the Golgi, the pericentrosomal IC resists the disassembly of COPI coats by brefeldin A, maintaining its juxtaposition with the endocytic recycling compartment, and operation as the focal point of a dynamic tubular network that extends to the cell periphery. These results provide novel insight into the compartmental organization of the secretory pathway and Golgi biogenesis. Moreover, they reveal a direct functional connection between the IC and the endosomal system, which evidently contributes to unconventional transport of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Marie
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
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39
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Coordination of the secretory compartments via inter-organelle signalling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:801-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Yin R, Zheng W, Hao F, Yang XC, Zhong BY, Li QJ. HPV16E7 tumor antigen modified by KDEL sequence induce specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes-dependent antitumor immunity. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 55:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Beck R, Ravet M, Wieland F, Cassel D. The COPI system: Molecular mechanisms and function. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2701-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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De Haan L, Hirst TR. Cholera toxin: A paradigm for multi-functional engagement of cellular mechanisms (Review). Mol Membr Biol 2009; 21:77-92. [PMID: 15204437 DOI: 10.1080/09687680410001663267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cholera toxin (Ctx) from Vibrio cholerae and its closely related homologue, heat-labile enterotoxin (Etx) from Escherichia coli have become superb tools for illuminating pathways of cellular trafficking and immune cell function. These bacterial protein toxins should be viewed as conglomerates of highly evolved, multi-functional elements equipped to engage the trafficking and signalling machineries of cells. Ctx and Etx are members of a larger family of A-B toxins of bacterial (and plant) origin that are comprised of structurally and functionally distinct enzymatically active A and receptor-binding B sub-units or domains. Intoxication of mammalian cells by Ctx and Etx involves B pentamer-mediated receptor binding and entry into a vesicular pathway, followed by translocation of the enzymatic A1 domain of the A sub-unit into the target cell cytosol, where covalent modification of intracellular targets leads to activation of adenylate cyclase and a sequence of events culminating in life-threatening diarrhoeal disease. Importantly, Ctx and Etx also have the capacity to induce a wide spectrum of remarkable immunological processes. With respect to the latter, it has been found that these toxins activate signalling pathways that modulate the immune system. This review explores the complexities of the cellular interactions that are engaged by these bacterial protein toxins, and highlights some of the new insights to have recently emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolke De Haan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Isaji K, Kawase A, Matono M, Guan X, Nishikawa M, Takakura Y. Enhanced CTL response by controlled intracellular trafficking of antigen in dendritic cells following DNA vaccination. J Control Release 2009; 135:227-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pulvirenti T, Giannotta M, Capestrano M, Capitani M, Pisanu A, Polishchuk RS, San Pietro E, Beznoussenko GV, Mironov AA, Turacchio G, Hsu VW, Sallese M, Luini A. A traffic-activated Golgi-based signalling circuit coordinates the secretory pathway. Nat Cell Biol 2008; 10:912-22. [PMID: 18641641 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As with other complex cellular functions, intracellular membrane transport involves the coordinated engagement of a series of organelles and machineries; however, the molecular basis of this coordination is unknown. Here we describe a Golgi-based signalling system that is activated by traffic and is involved in monitoring and balancing trafficking rates into and out of the Golgi complex. We provide evidence that the traffic signal is due to protein chaperones that leave the endoplasmic reticulum and reach the Golgi complex where they bind to the KDEL receptor. This initiates a signalling reaction that includes the activation of a Golgi pool of Src kinases and a phosphorylation cascade that in turn activates intra-Golgi trafficking, thereby maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of the Golgi complex. The concepts emerging from this study should help to understand the control circuits that coordinate high-order cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Pulvirenti
- Laboratory of Membrane Traffic, Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
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45
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Nilsen NJ, Deininger S, Nonstad U, Skjeldal F, Husebye H, Rodionov D, von Aulock S, Hartung T, Lien E, Bakke O, Espevik T. Cellular trafficking of lipoteichoic acid and Toll-like receptor 2 in relation to signaling: role of CD14 and CD36. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:280-91. [PMID: 18458151 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0907656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a central inducer of inflammatory responses caused by Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, via activation of TLR2. Localization of TLR2 in relation to its coreceptors may be important for function. This study explores the signaling, uptake, and trafficking pattern of LTA in relation to expression of TLR2 and its coreceptors CD36 and CD14 in human monocytes. We found TLR2 expressed in early endosomes, late endosomes/lysosomes, and in Rab-11-positive compartments but not in the Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Rapid internalization of fluorescently labeled LTA was observed in human monocytes, colocalizing with markers for early and late endosomes, lysosomes, ER, and Golgi network. Blocking CD14 and CD36 with antibodies inhibited LTA binding and LTA-induced TNF release from monocytes, emphasizing an important role for both molecules as coreceptors for TLR2. Importantly, blocking CD36 did not affect TNF release induced by N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)-propyl]-(R)-cysteinyl-seryl-(lysyl)3-lysine or LPS. Expression of CD14 markedly enhanced LTA binding to the plasma membrane and also enhanced NF-kappaB activation. LTA internalization, but not NF-kappaB activation, was inhibited in Dynamin-I K44A dominant-negative transfectants, suggesting that LTA is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis but that internalization is not required for signaling. In fact, immobilizing LTA and thereby inhibiting internalization resulted in enhanced TNF release from monocytes. Our results suggest that LTA signaling preferentially occurs at the plasma membrane, is independent of internalization, and is facilitated by CD36 and CD14 as coreceptors for TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadra J Nilsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
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46
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Gajavelli S, Castellanos DA, Furmanski O, Schiller PC, Sagen J. Sustained Analgesic Peptide Secretion and Cell Labeling Using a Novel Genetic Modification. Cell Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.3727/096368908784423265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy for neuropathic pain could provide analgesics to local pain modulatory regions in a sustained, renewable fashion. In order to provide enhanced analgesic efficacy, transplantable cells may be engineered to produce complementary or increased levels of analgesic peptides. In addition, genetic labeling of modified cells is desirable for identification and tracking, but it should be retained intracellularly as desired analgesic peptides are secreted. Usually constructs encode proteins destined for either extra- or intracellular compartments, as these pathways do not cross. However, interactions between intracellular destinations provide a window of opportunity to overcome this limitation. In this report, we have explored this approach using a potential supplementary analgesic peptide, [Ser1]-histogranin (SHG), the stable synthetic derivative of a naturally occurring peptide with N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonistic properties. A synthetic SHG gene was combined with (i) nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) amino-terminal signal peptide to enable secretion, and (ii) a fluorescent cellular label (mRFP) with intervening cathepsin L cleavage site, and subcloned into a lentiviral vector. In addition, an endoplasmic retention signal, KDEL, was added to enable retrieval of mRFP. Using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopic profile analysis, cells transduced by such lentiviruses were shown to synthesize a single SHG-mRFP polypeptide that was processed, targeted to expected subcellular destinations in several cell types. Dot blot and Western analysis revealed stable transduction and long-term secretion of SHG from PC12 cells in vitro. Transplantation of such cells provided modest analgesia in a rodent pain model consistent with low levels of SHG peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These results suggest that it is possible to deliver proteins with different final destinations from a single construct, such as pharmacologically active peptide for secretion and intracellular label for identifying transplantable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Gajavelli
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel A. Castellanos
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Orion Furmanski
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paul C. Schiller
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Sagen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Gajavelli S, Castellanos DA, Furmanski O, Schiller PC, Sagen J. Sustained analgesic peptide secretion and cell labeling using a novel genetic modification. Cell Transplant 2008; 17:445-455. [PMID: 18522246 PMCID: PMC2743252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy for neuropathic pain could provide analgesics to local pain modulatory regions in a sustained, renewable fashion. In order to provide enhanced analgesic efficacy, transplantable cells may be engineered to produce complementary or increased levels of analgesic peptides. In addition, genetic labeling of modified cells is desirable for identification and tracking, but it should be retained intracellularly as desired analgesic peptides are secreted. Usually constructs encode proteins destined for either extra- or intracellular compartments, as these pathways do not cross. However, interactions between intracellular destinations provide a window of opportunity to overcome this limitation. In this report, we have explored this approach using a potential supplementary analgesic peptide, [Ser1]-histogranin (SHG), the stable synthetic derivative of a naturally occurring peptide with N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonistic properties. A synthetic SHG gene was combined with (i) nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-beta) amino-terminal signal peptide to enable secretion, and (ii) a fluorescent cellular label (mRFP) with intervening cathepsin L cleavage site, and subcloned into a lentiviral vector. In addition, an endoplasmic retention signal, KDEL, was added to enable retrieval of mRFP. Using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopic profile analysis, cells transduced by such lentiviruses were shown to synthesize a single SHG-mRFP polypeptide that was processed, targeted to expected subcellular destinations in several cell types. Dot blot and Western analysis revealed stable transduction and long-term secretion of SHG from PC12 cells in vitro. Transplantation of such cells provided modest analgesia in a rodent pain model consistent with low levels of SHG peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These results suggest that it is possible to deliver proteins with different final destinations from a single construct, such as pharmacologically active peptide for secretion and intracellular label for identifying transplantable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Gajavelli
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Remarkable strides have been made over the past 20 years in elucidating the molecular basis of membrane trafficking. Indeed, a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches have determined the identity and function of many of the core constituents needed for protein secretion and endocytosis. But much remains to be learned. This review highlights underlying themes in membrane traffic to help us refocus and solve many remaining and newly emerging issues that are fundamental to mammalian cell biology and human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne R Pfeffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5307, USA.
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Han JM, Park SG, Liu B, Park BJ, Kim JY, Jin CH, Song YW, Li Z, Kim S. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1/p43 controls endoplasmic reticulum retention of heat shock protein gp96: its pathological implications in lupus-like autoimmune diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:2042-54. [PMID: 17525271 PMCID: PMC1899434 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.061266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1; previously known as p43) is a multifunctional protein that was initially found in multitRNA synthetase complex. In the present study, screening of the AIMP1-binding proteins revealed that AIMP1 can form a molecular complex with heat shock protein gp96. AIMP1 enhances gp96 dimerization and the interaction between gp96 and KDEL receptor-1 (KDELR-1), which mediates the retrieval of KDEL-containing proteins from Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The interaction between gp96 and KDELR-1 was reduced in AIMP1-deficient cells, and this disturbed ER retention of gp96 and increased its cell surface localization. Moreover, this localization of gp96 at the cell surface was suppressed by its interaction with AIMP1 and enhanced by the depletion of endogenous AIMP1. In addition, AIMP1-deficient mice showed dendritic cell activation attributable to increased gp96 surface presentation and lupus-like autoimmune phenotypes. These results suggest that AIMP1 acts as a regulator of the ER retention of gp96 and provide a new perspective of the regulatory mechanism underlying immune stimulation by gp96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Han
- Imagene Company Biotechnology Incubating Center, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Boltz KA, Ellis LL, Carney GE. Drosophila melanogaster p24 genes have developmental, tissue-specific, and sex-specific expression patterns and functions. Dev Dyn 2007; 236:544-55. [PMID: 17131401 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding members of the p24 family of intracellular trafficking proteins are present throughout animal and plant lineages. However, very little is known about p24 developmental, spatial, or sex-specific expression patterns or how localized expression affects function. We investigated these problems in Drosophila melanogaster, which contains nine genes encoding p24 proteins. One of these genes, logjam (loj), is expressed in the adult female nervous system and ovaries and is essential for oviposition. Nervous system-specific expression of loj, but not ovary-specific expression, rescues the behavioral defect of mutants. The Loj protein localizes to punctate structures in the cellular cytoplasm. These structures colocalize with a marker specific to the intermediate compartment and cis-Golgi, consistent with experimental evidence from other systems suggesting that p24 proteins function in intracellular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Our findings reveal that Drosophila p24 transcripts are developmentally and tissue-specifically expressed. CG31787 is male-specifically expressed gene that is present during the larval, pupal, and adult stages. Female CG9053 mRNA is limited to the head, whereas males express this gene widely. Together, our studies provide experimental evidence indicating that some p24 genes have sex-specific expression patterns and tissue- and sex-limited functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Boltz
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
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