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Leyria J, Fruttero LL, Canavoso LE. Lipids in Insect Reproduction: Where, How, and Why. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38874891 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Modern insects have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions of years, and part of their successful adaptation lies in their many reproductive strategies. Insect reproduction is linked to a high metabolic rate that provides viable eggs in a relatively short time. In this context, an accurate interplay between the endocrine system and the nutrients synthetized and metabolized is essential to produce healthy offspring. Lipids guarantee the metabolic energy needed for egg formation and represent the main energy source consumed during embryogenesis. Lipids availability is tightly regulated by a complex network of endocrine signals primarily controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) and associated endocrine glands, the corpora allata (CA) and corpora cardiaca (CC). This endocrine axis provides hormones and neuropeptides that significatively affect tissues closely involved in successful reproduction: the fat body, which is the metabolic center supplying the lipid resources and energy demanded in egg formation, and the ovaries, where the developing oocytes recruit lipids that will be used for optimal embryogenesis. The post-genomic era and the availability of modern experimental approaches have advanced our understanding of many processes involved in lipid homeostasis; therefore, it is crucial to integrate the findings of recent years into the knowledge already acquired in the last decades. The present chapter is devoted to reviewing major recent contributions made in elucidating the impact of the CNS/CA/CC-fat body-ovary axis on lipid metabolism in the context of insect reproduction, highlighting areas of fruitful research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo L Fruttero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lilián E Canavoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina.
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Guerrero-Rubio MA, Hernández-García S, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Consumption of commonly used artificial food dyes increases activity and oxidative stress in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112925. [PMID: 37254351 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the consumption of artificial colorants in foods and beverages has increased despite of concerns in the general population raised by studies that have shown possible injurious effects. In this study, tartrazine, sunset yellow, quinoline yellow, ponceau 4R, carmoisine and allura red were employed as pure compounds to explore their effects in vivo in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. The exposition of C. elegans to these artificial dyes produced damage related with aging such as oxidative stress and lipofuscin accumulation, as well as a heavy shortening of lifespan, alterations in movement patterns and alterations in the production of dopamine receptors. Besides, microarray analysis performed with worms treated with tartrazine and ponceau 4R showed how the consumption of synthetic colorants is able to alter the expression of genes involved in resistance to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Zipper L, Batchu S, Kaya NH, Antonello ZA, Reiff T. The MicroRNA miR-277 Controls Physiology and Pathology of the Adult Drosophila Midgut by Regulating the Expression of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation-Related Genes in Intestinal Stem Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:315. [PMID: 35448502 PMCID: PMC9028014 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division, growth, and differentiation are energetically costly and dependent processes. In adult stem cell-based epithelia, cellular identity seems to be coupled with a cell's metabolic profile and vice versa. It is thus tempting to speculate that resident stem cells have a distinct metabolism, different from more committed progenitors and differentiated cells. Although investigated for many stem cell types in vitro, in vivo data of niche-residing stem cell metabolism is scarce. In adult epithelial tissues, stem cells, progenitor cells, and their progeny have very distinct functions and characteristics. In our study, we hypothesized and tested whether stem and progenitor cell types might have a distinctive metabolic profile in the intestinal lineage. Here, taking advantage of the genetically accessible adult Drosophila melanogaster intestine and the availability of ex vivo single cell sequencing data, we tested that hypothesis and investigated the metabolism of the intestinal lineage from stem cell (ISC) to differentiated epithelial cell in their native context under homeostatic conditions. Our initial in silico analysis of single cell RNAseq data and functional experiments identify the microRNA miR-277 as a posttranscriptional regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in the intestinal lineage. Low levels of miR-277 are detected in ISC and progressively rising miR-277 levels are found in progenitors during their growth and differentiation. Supporting this, miR-277-regulated fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes progressively declined from ISC towards more differentiated cells in our pseudotime single-cell RNAseq analysis and in functional assays on RNA and protein level. In addition, in silico clustering of single-cell RNAseq data based on metabolic genes validates that stem cells and progenitors belong to two independent clusters with well-defined metabolic characteristics. Furthermore, studying FAO genes in silico indicates that two populations of ISC exist that can be categorized in mitotically active and quiescent ISC, of which the latter relies on FAO genes. In line with an FAO dependency of ISC, forced expression of miR-277 phenocopies RNAi knockdown of FAO genes by reducing ISC size and subsequently resulting in stem cell death. We also investigated miR-277 effects on ISC in a benign and our newly developed CRISPR-Cas9-based colorectal cancer model and found effects on ISC survival, which as a consequence affects tumor growth, further underlining the importance of FAO in a pathological context. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the basal metabolic requirements of intestinal stem cell on β-oxidation of fatty acids evolutionarily implemented by a sole microRNA. Gaining knowledge about the metabolic differences and dependencies affecting the survival of two central and cancer-relevant cell populations in the fly and human intestine might reveal starting points for targeted combinatorial therapy in the hope for better treatment of colorectal cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zipper
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sai Batchu
- Cooper Medical School, Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA; (S.B.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Nida Hatice Kaya
- Institute for Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Department of Biology, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Zeus Andrea Antonello
- Cooper Medical School, Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA; (S.B.); (Z.A.A.)
- Cooper University Hospital, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Medical School, Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Tobias Reiff
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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Xu M, Ding L, Liang J, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ding M, Huang X. NAD kinase sustains lipogenesis and mitochondrial metabolismthrough fatty acid synthesis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110157. [PMID: 34965438 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid storage in fat tissue is important for energy homeostasis and cellular functions. Through RNAi screening in Drosophila fat body, we found that knockdown of a Drosophila NAD kinase (NADK), which phosphorylates NAD to synthesize NADP de novo, causes lipid storage defects. NADK sustains lipogenesis by maintaining the pool of NADPH. Promoting NADPH production rescues the lipid storage defect in the fat body of NADK RNAi animals. Furthermore, NADK and fatty acid synthase 1 (FASN1) regulate mitochondrial mass and function by altering the levels of acetyl-CoA and fatty acids. Reducing the level of acetyl-CoA or increasing the synthesis of cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondrion-specific phospholipid, partially rescues the mitochondrial defects of NADK RNAi. Therefore, NADK- and FASN1-mediated fatty acid synthesis coordinates lipid storage and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, TaiAn 271016, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Cuesta-Astroz Y, Gischkow Rucatti G, Murgas L, SanMartín CD, Sanhueza M, Martin AJM. Filtering of Data-Driven Gene Regulatory Networks Using Drosophila melanogaster as a Case Study. Front Genet 2021; 12:649764. [PMID: 34394179 PMCID: PMC8355599 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) allow the study of regulation of gene expression of whole genomes. Among the most relevant advantages of using networks to depict this key process, there is the visual representation of large amounts of information and the application of graph theory to generate new knowledge. Nonetheless, despite the many uses of GRNs, it is still difficult and expensive to assign Transcription Factors (TFs) to the regulation of specific genes. ChIP-Seq allows the determination of TF Binding Sites (TFBSs) over whole genomes, but it is still an expensive technique that can only be applied one TF at a time and requires replicates to reduce its noise. Once TFBSs are determined, the assignment of each TF and its binding sites to the regulation of specific genes is not trivial, and it is often performed by carrying out site-specific experiments that are unfeasible to perform in all possible binding sites. Here, we addressed these relevant issues with a two-step methodology using Drosophila melanogaster as a case study. First, our protocol starts by gathering all transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) determined with ChIP-Seq experiments available at ENCODE and FlyBase. Then each TFBS is used to assign TFs to the regulation of likely target genes based on the TFBS proximity to the transcription start site of all genes. In the final step, to try to select the most likely regulatory TF from those previously assigned to each gene, we employ GENIE3, a random forest-based method, and more than 9,000 RNA-seq experiments from D. melanogaster. Following, we employed known TF protein-protein interactions to estimate the feasibility of regulatory events in our filtered networks. Finally, we show how known interactions between co-regulatory TFs of each gene increase after the second step of our approach, and thus, the consistency of the TF-gene assignment. Also, we employed our methodology to create a network centered on the Drosophila melanogaster gene Hr96 to demonstrate the role of this transcription factor on mitochondrial gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesid Cuesta-Astroz
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Leandro Murgas
- Laboratorio de Biologia de Redes, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Genómica Integrativa, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D SanMartín
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigacíon Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Sanhueza
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto J M Martin
- Laboratorio de Biologia de Redes, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Tiwari SK, Mandal S. Mitochondrial Control of Stem Cell State and Fate: Lessons From Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606639. [PMID: 34012959 PMCID: PMC8128071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Drosophila has served as a wonderful genetically tractable model system to unravel various facets of tissue-resident stem cells in their microenvironment. Studies in different stem and progenitor cell types of Drosophila have led to the discovery of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors crucial for stem cell state and fate. Though initially touted as the ATP generating machines for carrying various cellular processes, it is now increasingly becoming clear that mitochondrial processes alone can override the cellular program of stem cells. The last few years have witnessed a surge in our understanding of mitochondria's contribution to governing different stem cell properties in their subtissular niches in Drosophila. Through this review, we intend to sum up and highlight the outcome of these in vivo studies that implicate mitochondria as a central regulator of stem cell fate decisions; to find the commonalities and uniqueness associated with these regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Tiwari
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
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7
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Jacobs HT, George J, Kemppainen E. Regulation of growth in Drosophila melanogaster: the roles of mitochondrial metabolism. J Biochem 2020; 167:267-277. [PMID: 31926002 PMCID: PMC7048069 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions are often considered purely from the standpoint of catabolism, but in growing cells they are mainly dedicated to anabolic processes, and can have a profound impact on the rate of growth. The Drosophila larva, which increases in body mass ∼200-fold over the course of ∼3 days at 25°C, provides an excellent model to study the underlying regulatory machinery that connects mitochondrial metabolic capacity to growth. In this review, we will focus on several key aspects of this machinery: nutrient sensing, endocrine control of feeding and nutrient mobilization, metabolic signalling, protein synthesis regulation and pathways of steroid biosynthesis and activity. In all these aspects, mitochondria appear to play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Jack George
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Esko Kemppainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
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Vinklarova L, Schmidt M, Benek O, Kuca K, Gunn-Moore F, Musilek K. Friend or enemy? Review of 17β-HSD10 and its role in human health or disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:231-249. [PMID: 32306391 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD10) is a multifunctional human enzyme with important roles both as a structural component and also as a catalyst of many metabolic pathways. This mitochondrial enzyme has important functions in the metabolism, development and aging of the neural system, where it is involved in the homeostasis of neurosteroids, especially in regard to estradiol, changes in which make it an essential part of neurodegenerative pathology. These roles therefore, indicate that 17β-HSD10 may be a possible druggable target for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in hormone-dependent cancer. The objective of this review was to provide a summary about physiological functions and pathological roles of 17β-HSD10 and the modulators of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vinklarova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Schmidt
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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9
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Tsurumi A, Xue S, Zhang L, Li J, Li WX. Genome-wide Kdm4 histone demethylase transcriptional regulation in Drosophila. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:1107-1121. [PMID: 31020413 PMCID: PMC6813854 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The histone lysine demethylase 4 (Kdm4/Jmjd2/Jhdm3) family is highly conserved across species and reverses di- and tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and lysine 36 (H3K36) at the N-terminal tail of the core histone H3 in various metazoan species including Drosophila, C.elegans, zebrafish, mice and humans. Previous studies have shown that the Kdm4 family plays a wide variety of important biological roles in different species, including development, oncogenesis and longevity by regulating transcription, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Only two functional Kdm4 family members have been identified in Drosophila, compared to five in mammals, thus providing a simple model system. Drosophila Kdm4 loss-of-function mutants do not survive past the early 2nd instar larvae stage and display a molting defect phenotype associated with deregulated ecdysone hormone receptor signaling. To further characterize and identify additional targets of Kdm4, we employed a genome-wide approach to investigate transcriptome alterations in Kdm4 mutants versus wild-type during early development. We found evidence of increased deregulated transcripts, presumably associated with a progressive accumulation of H3K9 and H3K36 methylation through development. Gene ontology analyses found significant enrichment of terms related to the ecdysteroid hormone signaling pathway important in development, as expected, and additionally previously unidentified potential targets that warrant further investigation. Since Kdm4 is highly conserved across species, our results may be applicable more widely to other organisms and our genome-wide dataset may serve as a useful resource for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tsurumi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St., Their 340, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston®, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Shuang Xue
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Willis X Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Li H, Tennessen JM. Methods for studying the metabolic basis of Drosophila development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6:10.1002/wdev.280. [PMID: 28556549 PMCID: PMC5561480 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of metabolic research has experienced an unexpected renaissance. While this renewed interest in metabolism largely originated in response to the global increase in diabetes and obesity, studies of metabolic regulation now represent the frontier of many biomedical fields. This trend is especially apparent in developmental biology, where metabolism influences processes ranging from stem cell differentiation and tissue growth to sexual maturation and reproduction. In this regard, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting conserved mechanisms that underlie developmental metabolism, often with a level of detail that is simply not possible in other animals. Here we describe why the fly is an ideal system for exploring the relationship between metabolism and development, and outline a basic experimental strategy for conducting these studies. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e280. doi: 10.1002/wdev.280 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongde Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Jason M. Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405
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11
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Zheng H, Yang X, Xi Y. Fat body remodeling and homeostasis control in Drosophila. Life Sci 2016; 167:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Kristofikova Z, Ricny J, Vyhnalek M, Hort J, Laczo J, Sirova J, Klaschka J, Ripova D. Levels of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Various Types of Dementias. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:105-14. [PMID: 26401932 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of the mitochondrial enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10, which is also known as the intracellular amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) binding protein) is observed in cortical or hippocampal regions of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It appears that 17β-HSD10 may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE We investigated the possibility that levels of 17β-HSD10 in cerebrospinal fluid could be a prospective biomarker of AD. METHODS We estimated the enzyme levels in 161 people (15 non-demented controls, 52 people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 35 people with probable AD, or 59 people with other types of dementia) and compared them with those of Aβ(1- 42), tau, and phospho-tau. RESULTS We found significantly higher levels of 17β-HSD10 in people with MCI due to AD (to 109.9% ), with AD (to 120.0% ), or with other types of dementia (to 110.9% ) when compared to the control group. The sensitivity of the new biomarker to AD was 80.0% , and the specificity was 73.3% (compared to controls) or 52.5-59.1% (compared to other types of dementia). Results of multiple linear regression and of correlation analysis revealed AD-mediated changes in links between 17β-HSD10 and Mini Mental State Examination score. CONCLUSION It seems that changes in 17β-HSD10 start many years before symptom onset, analogous to those in Aβ1 - 42, tau, or phospho-tau and that the levels are a relatively highly sensitive but unfortunately less specific biomarker of AD. A role of 17β-HSD10 overexpression in AD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Ricny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laczo
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sirova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klaschka
- Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ripova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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13
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Sen A, Karasik A, Shanmuganathan A, Mirkovic E, Koutmos M, Cox RT. Loss of the mitochondrial protein-only ribonuclease P complex causes aberrant tRNA processing and lethality in Drosophila. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6409-22. [PMID: 27131785 PMCID: PMC5291253 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA are translated using mitochondrially encoded tRNAs and rRNAs. As with nuclear encoded tRNAs, mitochondrial tRNAs must be processed to become fully functional. The mitochondrial form of ribonuclease P (mt:RNase P) is responsible for 5′-end maturation and is comprised of three proteins; mitochondrial RNase P protein (MRPP) 1 and 2 together with proteinaceous RNase P (PRORP). However, its mechanism and impact on development is not yet known. Using homology searches, we have identified the three proteins composing Drosophila mt:RNase P: Mulder (PRORP), Scully (MRPP2) and Roswell (MRPP1). Here, we show that each protein is essential and localizes with mitochondria. Furthermore, reducing levels of each causes mitochondrial deficits, which appear to be due at least in part to defective mitochondrial tRNA processing. Overexpressing two members of the complex, Mulder and Roswell, is also lethal, and in the case of Mulder, causes abnormal mitochondrial morphology. These data are the first evidence that defective mt:RNase P causes mitochondrial dysfunction, lethality and aberrant mitochondrial tRNA processing in vivo, underscoring its physiological importance. This in vivo mt:RNase P model will advance our understanding of how loss of mitochondrial tRNA processing causes tissue failure, an important aspect of human mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Agnes Karasik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | | | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rachel T Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Boynton TO, Shimkets LJ. Myxococcus CsgA, Drosophila Sniffer, and human HSD10 are cardiolipin phospholipases. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1903-14. [PMID: 26338420 PMCID: PMC4579348 DOI: 10.1101/gad.268482.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myxococcus xanthus development requires CsgA, a member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (SCAD) family of proteins. Boynton and Shimkets show that CsgA and SocA oxidize the 2′-OH glycerol moiety on cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol to produce diacylglycerol, dihydroxyacetone, and orthophosphate. SCADs that prevent neurodegenerative disorders, such as Drosophila Sniffer and human HSD17B10, oxidize cardiolipin with similar kinetic parameters. Myxococcus xanthus development requires CsgA, a member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (SCAD) family of proteins. We show that CsgA and SocA, a protein that can replace CsgA function in vivo, oxidize the 2′-OH glycerol moiety on cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol to produce diacylglycerol (DAG), dihydroxyacetone, and orthophosphate. A lipid extract enriched in DAGs from wild-type cells initiates development and lipid body production in a csgA mutant to bypass the mutational block. This novel phospholipase C-like reaction is widespread. SCADs that prevent neurodegenerative disorders, such as Drosophila Sniffer and human HSD10, oxidize cardiolipin with similar kinetic parameters. HSD10 exhibits a strong preference for cardiolipin with oxidized fatty acids. This activity is inhibited in the presence of the amyloid β peptide. Three HSD10 variants associated with neurodegenerative disorders are inactive with cardiolipin. We suggest that HSD10 protects humans from reactive oxygen species by removing damaged cardiolipin before it induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tye O'Hara Boynton
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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15
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Vilardo E, Rossmanith W. Molecular insights into HSD10 disease: impact of SDR5C1 mutations on the human mitochondrial RNase P complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5112-9. [PMID: 25925575 PMCID: PMC4446446 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SDR5C1 is an amino and fatty acid dehydrogenase/reductase, moonlighting as a component of human mitochondrial RNase P, which is the enzyme removing 5′-extensions of tRNAs, an early and crucial step in tRNA maturation. Moreover, a subcomplex of mitochondrial RNase P catalyzes the N1-methylation of purines at position 9, a modification found in most mitochondrial tRNAs and thought to stabilize their structure. Missense mutations in SDR5C1 cause a disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cardiomyopathy, called HSD10 disease. We have investigated the effect of selected mutations on SDR5C1's functions. We show that pathogenic mutations impair SDR5C1-dependent dehydrogenation, tRNA processing and methylation. Some mutations disrupt the homotetramerization of SDR5C1 and/or impair its interaction with TRMT10C, the methyltransferase subunit of the mitochondrial RNase P complex. We propose that the structural and functional alterations of SDR5C1 impair mitochondrial RNA processing and modification, leading to the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in HSD10 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vilardo
- Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Rossmanith
- Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Yang SY, He XY, Isaacs C, Dobkin C, Miller D, Philipp M. Roles of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in neurodegenerative disorders. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:460-72. [PMID: 25007702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) is encoded by the HSD17B10 gene mapping at Xp11.2. This homotetrameric mitochondrial multifunctional enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of neuroactive steroids and the degradation of isoleucine. This enzyme is capable of binding to other peptides, such as estrogen receptor α, amyloid-β, and tRNA methyltransferase 10C. Missense mutations of the HSD17B10 gene result in 17β-HSD10 deficiency, an infantile neurodegeneration characterized by progressive psychomotor regression and alteration of mitochondria morphology. 17β-HSD10 exhibits only a negligible alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and is not localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane. Its alternate name - Aβ binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) - is a misnomer predicated on the mistaken belief that this enzyme is an alcohol dehydrogenase. Misconceptions about the localization and function of 17β-HSD10 abound. 17β-HSD10's proven location and function must be accurately identified to properly assess this enzyme's important role in brain metabolism, especially the metabolism of allopregnanolone. The brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of animals in an AD mouse model exhibit abnormally elevated levels of 17β-HSD10. Abnormal expression, as well as mutations of the HSD17B10 gene leads to impairment of the structure, function, and dynamics of mitochondria. This may underlie the pathogenesis of the synaptic and neuronal deficiency exhibited in 17β-HSD10 related diseases, including 17β-HSD10 deficiency and AD. Restoration of steroid homeostasis could be achieved by the supplementation of neuroactive steroids with a proper dosing and treatment regimen or by the adjustment of 17β-HSD10 activity to protect neurons. The discovery of this enzyme's true function has opened a new therapeutic avenue for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; Neuroscience Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Xue-Ying He
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Charles Isaacs
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; Neuroscience Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Miller
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Manfred Philipp
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of CUNY, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ji Y, Zhang Q, Wu H, Xie J, Zhao J. Identification and mRNA expression of two 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis following exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1243-1255. [PMID: 24835553 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) are multifunctional enzymes involved in the metabolism of steroids, fatty acids, retinoids and bile acid. In this study, two novel types of 17β-HSDs (named as MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12) were cloned from Mytilus galloprovincialis by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. Sequence analysis showed that MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 encoded a polypeptide of 259 and 325 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 were evolutionarily clustered with other invertebrate 17β-HSD type 10 and 17β-HSD type 12 homologues. The MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 transcripts could be detected in all examined tissues with higher expression levels in digestive glands and gonad. After exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals (Bisphenol A or 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether), the expression of MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 transcripts was both down-regulated in digestive glands. These findings suggest that MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 perhaps play an important role in the endocrine regulation of M. galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yinglu Ji
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- China Agriculture University (Yantai), Yantai 264670, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Jia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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18
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Coordinated metabolic transitions during Drosophila embryogenesis and the onset of aerobic glycolysis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:839-50. [PMID: 24622332 PMCID: PMC4025483 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating cells such as cancer cells and embryonic stem cells rely on a specialized metabolic program known as aerobic glycolysis, which supports biomass production from carbohydrates. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster also utilizes aerobic glycolysis to support the rapid growth that occurs during larval development. Here we use singular value decomposition analysis of modENCODE RNA-seq data combined with GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis to analyze the changes in gene expression and metabolism that occur during Drosophila embryogenesis, spanning the onset of aerobic glycolysis. Unexpectedly, we find that the most common pattern of co-expressed genes in embryos includes the global switch to glycolytic gene expression that occurs midway through embryogenesis. In contrast to the canonical aerobic glycolytic pathway, however, which is accompanied by reduced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, the expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic cycle (TCA cycle) and the electron transport chain are also upregulated at this time. Mitochondrial activity, however, appears to be attenuated, as embryos exhibit a block in the TCA cycle that results in elevated levels of citrate, isocitrate, and α-ketoglutarate. We also find that genes involved in lipid breakdown and β-oxidation are upregulated prior to the transcriptional initiation of glycolysis, but are downregulated before the onset of larval development, revealing coordinated use of lipids and carbohydrates during development. These observations demonstrate the efficient use of nutrient stores to support embryonic development, define sequential metabolic transitions during this stage, and demonstrate striking similarities between the metabolic state of late-stage fly embryos and tumor cells.
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19
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20
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Patkar RN, Ramos-Pamplona M, Gupta AP, Fan Y, Naqvi NI. Mitochondrial β-oxidation regulates organellar integrity and is necessary for conidial germination and invasive growth inMagnaporthe oryzae. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:1345-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N. Patkar
- Fungal Patho-Biology Group; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory; Singapore; 117604
| | | | - Archna P. Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 60 Nanyang Drive; Singapore; 637551
| | - Yang Fan
- Fungal Patho-Biology Group; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory; Singapore; 117604
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21
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Kishita Y, Tsuda M, Aigaki T. Impaired fatty acid oxidation in a Drosophila model of mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:344-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Lipid metabolism and Drosophila sperm development. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:35-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Zschocke J. HSD10 disease: clinical consequences of mutations in the HSD17B10 gene. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:81-9. [PMID: 22127393 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The HSD17B10 gene is located on chromosome Xp11.2 and codes for a multifunctional protein called 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10). This protein catalyzes the 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenation (MHBD) reaction in isoleucine metabolism and is an essential component of mitochondrial RNase P required for the processing of mtDNA transcripts. HSD10 is required for normal mitochondrial maintenance, and complete loss of HSD10 is incompatible with life. Mutations in the HSD17B10 gene have been reported in 19 families. The classical infantile form of what is best named HSD10 disease is characterized by a period of more or less normal development in the first 6-18 months of life. Some patients showed transient metabolic derangement in the neonatal period, with good clinical recovery but often persistent lactate elevation. Usually from age 6-18 months affected boys show a progressive neurodegenerative disease course in conjunction with retinopathy and cardiomyopathy leading to death at age 2-4 years or later. A more severe presentation in the neonatal period with little neurological development, severe progressive cardiomyopathy, and early death, is denoted neonatal form. Juvenile and atypical/asymptomatic forms of HSD10 disease have been recognized. Heterozygous females often show non-progressive developmental delay and intellectual disability but may also be clinically normal. The pathogenesis is poorly understood but is unrelated to MHBD function. Diagnosis is based on typical abnormalities in urinary organic acid analysis and molecular studies. The same de novo mutation p.R130C was found in over half of patient families; it is associated with the infantile disease form. There is no effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zschocke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstr 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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24
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Begna D, Fang Y, Feng M, Li J. Mitochondrial Proteins Differential Expression during Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Queen and Worker Larvae Caste Determination. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4263-80. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn Begna
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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25
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He X, Yang S. Comments on 'Significance of developmental expression of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri and zebrafish Danio rerio Hsd17b10 in biological and medical research'. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:1689-1692. [PMID: 20735667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The reported data on the developmental expression of Hsd17b10 gene in Danio rerio is crucial to the utilization of the D. rerio embryo as an animal model for human developmental disorders caused either by mutations on HSD17B10 (formerly HADH2) or by defective expression of the gene. Related diseases were summarized, and it was noticed that hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia is not linked to HSD17B10. This inherited disease is actually caused by a deletion in the HADH gene on chromosome 4. Moreover, it was found by a revision of the reported phylogenetic tree that hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase II or rather hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri-occupies a transition position from HSD10 orthologs of invertebrates to those of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Department of Neurochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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26
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Mindnich R, Adamski J. Zebrafish 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: an evolutionary perspective. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:20-6. [PMID: 19111899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The term 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) describes an enzyme that stereospecifically reduces or oxidizes a keto- or hydroxy group at C17 of the steroid scaffold, respectively. Fourteen mammalian 17beta-HSDs have been identified so far and nine sequence homologs are found in zebrafish. 17beta-HSDs additionally active in fatty acid metabolism display high sequence conservation and widespread tissue expression. Homologs of these multifunctional 17beta-HSDs have been identified in flies, worms and yeast, and steroid-converting activity was demonstrated in some cases. The "classical" 17beta-HSDs, types 1, 2 and 3, are steroid-specific enzymes expressed in few tissues. They may have arisen at the beginning of vertebrate evolution allowing new, differently controlled modes of steroid hormone action. These findings reflect on two aspects: (1) the evolutionary origin of steroid-specific enzymes and (2) a possible conservation of steroid hormone function in invertebrates through currently unknown mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mindnich
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 135 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Tarrant AM, Reitzel AM, Blomquist CH, Haller F, Tokarz J, Adamski J. Steroid metabolism in cnidarians: insights from Nematostella vectensis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:27-36. [PMID: 18984032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cnidarians occupy a key evolutionary position as a sister group to bilaterian animals. While cnidarians contain a diverse complement of steroids, sterols, and other lipid metabolites, relatively little is known of the endogenous steroid metabolism or function in cnidarian tissues. Incubations of cnidarian tissues with steroid substrates have indicated the presence of steroid metabolizing enzymes, particularly enzymes with 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) activity. Through analysis of the genome of the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, we identified a suite of genes in the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily including homologs of genes that metabolize steroids in other animals. A more detailed analysis of Hsd17b4 revealed complex evolutionary relationships, apparent intron loss in several taxa, and predominantly adult expression in N. vectensis. Due to its ease of culture and available molecular tools N. vectensis is an excellent model for investigation of cnidarian steroid metabolism and gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Tarrant
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 45 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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28
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Strub BR, Parkes TL, Mukai ST, Bahadorani S, Coulthard AB, Hall N, Phillips JP, Hilliker AJ. Mutations of the withered (whd) gene in Drosophila melanogaster confer hypersensitivity to oxidative stress and are lesions of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) gene. Genome 2008; 51:409-20. [PMID: 18521119 DOI: 10.1139/g08-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since some oxygen defense mutants of Drosophila melanogaster exhibit a crinkled wing phenotype, a screen was performed on strains bearing mutant alleles conferring a visible wing phenotype to determine whether any were hypersensitive to oxidative stress. One mutant, withered (whd), was found to be sensitive to both dietary paraquat and hyperoxia. New alleles of whd were induced on a defined genetic background and strains carrying these alleles were also found to be sensitive to oxidative stress. To identify the product of the whd gene we used a sequence-based positional candidate approach and by this method we determined that whd encodes carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I), an enzyme of the outer mitochondrial membrane that is required for the import of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. Although this function is not vital under laboratory conditions, whd adults were found to be highly sensitive to starvation and to heavy metal toxicity relative to controls. This work uncovers a novel relationship between fatty acid metabolism and reactive oxygen metabolism. Further, these results in conjunction with past research on whd and on mammalian CPT I support the hypothesis that CPT I serves a vital function in the response to thymine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Strub
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
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29
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Calábria LK, Garcia Hernandez L, Teixeira RR, Valle de Sousa M, Espindola FS. Identification of calmodulin-binding proteins in brain of worker honeybees. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 151:41-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Ho N, Kondakova AN, Knirel YA, Creuzenet C. The biosynthesis and biological role of 6-deoxyheptose in the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Mol Microbiol 2008; 68:424-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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31
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Filling C, Keller B, Hirschberg D, Marschall HU, Jörnvall H, Bennett MJ, Oppermann U. Role of short-chain hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenases in SCHAD deficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 368:6-11. [PMID: 18036338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is an ill-defined, severe pediatric disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of short-chain hydroxyacyl CoAs. To understand the relative contributions of the two known short-chain hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenases (HADH) tissue biopsies of six distinct family individuals were analyzed and kinetic parameters were compared. Steady-state kinetic constants for HADH 1 and HADH 2 suggest that type 1 is the major enzyme involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation of short-chain hydroxyacyl-CoAs. Two patients are heterozygous carriers of a HADH 1 polymorphism, whereas no mutation is detected in the HADH 2 gene of all patients. The data suggest that protein interactions rather than HADH mutations are responsible for the disease phenotype. Pull-down experiments of recombinant HADH 1 and 2 with human mitochondrial extracts reveal two proteins interacting with HADH 1, one of which was identified as glutamate dehydrogenase. This association provides a possible link between fatty acid metabolism and the hyperinsulinism/hyperammonia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Filling
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Chang GTG, Gamble SC, Jhamai M, Wait R, Bevan CL, Brinkmann AO. Proteomic analysis of proteins regulated by TRPS1 transcription factor in DU145 prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:575-82. [PMID: 17467349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify proteins differentially regulated by TRPS1 in human prostate cancer cells in order to better understand the role of TRPS1 in prostate cancer development. The proteomes of androgen-independent DU145 prostate cancer cells, that do not express TRPS1 and of genetically engineered DU145 cells that stable and inducible express recombinant TRPS1 protein, were compared. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometric analysis, 13 proteins that were differentially expressed between these two cell lines were identified. These proteins represent a dominant reduction of expression of antioxidant proteins, including superoxide dismutase, protein disulfide isomerase A3 precursor, endoplasmin precursor and annexin A2. Furthermore, regulation was observed for mitochondrion-associated proteins, glycolytic enzymes, a cytoskeleton-associated protein, a nuclear protein and proteins involved in apoptosis. Our data indicate that overexpression of TRPS1 protein is correlated with reduced protein expression of certain antioxidants. This suggests a possible involvement of TRPS1 in oxidative stress, and possibly in apoptosis in androgen-independent DU145 prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn T G Chang
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yan Y, Liu Y, Sorci M, Belfort G, Lustbader JW, Yan SS, Wang C. Surface plasmon resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ABAD-Abeta interaction. Biochemistry 2007; 46:1724-31. [PMID: 17253767 DOI: 10.1021/bi061314n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abeta binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) is an NAD-dependent mitochondrial dehydrogenase. The binding between ABAD and Abeta is likely a direct link between Abeta and mitochondrial toxicity in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was employed to determine the temperature dependence of the affinity of the ABAD-Abeta interaction. A van't Hoff analysis revealed that the ABAD-Abeta association is driven by a favorable entropic change (DeltaS = 300 +/- 30 J mol-1 K-1) which overcomes an unfavorable enthalpy change (DeltaH = 49 +/- 7 kJ/mol). Therefore, hydrophobic interactions and changes in protein dynamics are the dominant driving forces of the ABAD-Abeta interaction. This is the first dissection of the entropic and enthalpic contribution to the energetics of a protein-protein interaction involving Abeta. SPR confirmed the conformational changes in the ABAD-Abeta complex after Abeta binding, consistent with differences seen in the crystal structures of free ABAD and the ABAD-Abeta complex. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments directly and unambiguously demonstrated the inhibitory effect of Abeta on the ABAD-NAD interaction. Conversely, NAD inhibits the Abeta-ABAD interaction. Binding of Abeta and binding of NAD to ABAD are likely mutually exclusive. Thus, Abeta binding induces conformational and subsequently functional changes in ABAD, which may have a role in the mechanism of Abeta toxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yan
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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Marques AT, Antunes A, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ. Comparative evolutionary genomics of the HADH2 gene encoding Abeta-binding alcohol dehydrogenase/17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (ABAD/HSD10). BMC Genomics 2006; 7:202. [PMID: 16899120 PMCID: PMC1559703 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase/17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (ABAD/HSD10) is an enzyme involved in pivotal metabolic processes and in the mitochondrial dysfunction seen in the Alzheimer's disease. Here we use comparative genomic analyses to study the evolution of the HADH2 gene encoding ABAD/HSD10 across several eukaryotic species. Results Both vertebrate and nematode HADH2 genes showed a six-exon/five-intron organization while those of the insects had a reduced and varied number of exons (two to three). Eutherian mammal HADH2 genes revealed some highly conserved noncoding regions, which may indicate the presence of functional elements, namely in the upstream region about 1 kb of the transcription start site and in the first part of intron 1. These regions were also conserved between Tetraodon and Fugu fishes. We identified a conserved alternative splicing event between human and dog, which have a nine amino acid deletion, causing the removal of the strand βF. This strand is one of the seven strands that compose the core β-sheet of the Rossman fold dinucleotide-binding motif characteristic of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family members. However, the fact that the substrate binding cleft residues are retained and the existence of a shared variant between human and dog suggest that it might be functional. Molecular adaptation analyses across eutherian mammal orthologues revealed the existence of sites under positive selection, some of which being localized in the substrate-binding cleft and in the insertion 1 region on loop D (an important region for the Aβ-binding to the enzyme). Interestingly, a higher than expected number of nonsynonymous substitutions were observed between human/chimpanzee and orangutan, with six out of the seven amino acid replacements being under molecular adaptation (including three in loop D and one in the substrate binding loop). Conclusion Our study revealed that HADH2 genes maintained a reasonable conserved organization across a large evolutionary distance. The conserved noncoding regions identified among mammals and between pufferfishes, the evidence of an alternative splicing variant conserved between human and dog, and the detection of positive selection across eutherian mammals, may be of importance for further research on ABAD/HSD10 function and its implication in the Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Marques
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Defects of mitochondrial metabolism cause a wide range of human diseases that include examples from all medical subspecialties. This review updates the topic of mitochondrial diseases by reviewing the most important recent advances in this area. The factors influencing inheritance, maintenance and replication of mtDNA are reviewed and the genotype-phenotype of mtDNA disorders has been expanded, with new insights into epidemiology, pathogenesis and its role in ageing. Recently identified nuclear gene mutations of mitochondrial proteins include mutations of frataxin causing Friedreich's ataxia, PINK1, DJ1 causing Parkinson's disease and POLG causing infantile mtDNA depletion syndrome, ophthalmoplegia, parkinsonism, male subfertility and, in a transgenic mouse model, premature senescence. Mitochondrial defects in neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Improved understanding of mtDNA inheritance and mutation penetrance patterns, and novel techniques for mtDNA modification offer significant prospects for more accurate genetic counselling and effective future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H V Schapira
- University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, and Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Mourikis P, Hurlbut GD, Artavanis-Tsakonas S. Enigma, a mitochondrial protein affecting lifespan and oxidative stress response in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:1307-12. [PMID: 16434470 PMCID: PMC1360589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510564103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of energy metabolism by external interventions or mutations in metabolic genes can extend lifespan in a wide range of species. We describe mutations in Drosophila melanogaster that confer resistance to oxidative stress and display a longevity phenotype. These phenotypes are associated with molecular lesions in a hitherto uncharacterized gene we named Enigma. We show that Enigma encodes a mitochondrial protein with homology to enzymes of the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and that mutations in this locus affect lipid homeostasis. Our analysis provides further support to the notion that lipid metabolism may play a central role in metazoan lifespan regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippos Mourikis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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37
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Perez-Cerda C, García-Villoria J, Ofman R, Sala PR, Merinero B, Ramos J, García-Silva MT, Beseler B, Dalmau J, Wanders RJA, Ugarte M, Ribes A. 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (MHBD) deficiency: an X-linked inborn error of isoleucine metabolism that may mimic a mitochondrial disease. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:488-91. [PMID: 16148061 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000176916.94328.cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe three patients, from two Spanish families, with 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (MHBD) deficiency, a recently described X-linked neurodegenerative inborn error of isoleucine metabolism. Two of them are males with severe lactic acidosis suggestive of a mitochondrial encephalopathy, and the third is a female who was less severely affected, suggesting skewed X-inactivation. Molecular studies revealed a new missense mutation, 740A-->G, in one family and a previously described mutation, 388C-->T, in the other, causing the amino acid substitutions N247S and R130C, respectively. Both male patients died, one of them despite treatment with an isoleucine-restricted diet, but the disease has remained stable in the female patient after 1 y of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Perez-Cerda
- Institut de Bioquímica, Corporaciò Sanitària Cláinic, Edifici Helios III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Yan SD, Stern DM. Mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease: role of amyloid-beta peptide alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD). Int J Exp Pathol 2005; 86:161-71. [PMID: 15910550 PMCID: PMC2517415 DOI: 10.1111/j.0959-9673.2005.00427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An important means of determining how amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) affects cells is to identify specific macromolecular targets and assess how Abeta interaction with such targets impacts on cellular functions. On the one hand, cell surface receptors interacting with extracellular Abeta have been identified, and their engagement by amyloid peptide can trigger intracellular signaling cascades. Recent evidence has indicated a potentially significant role for deposition of intracellular Abeta in cell stress associated with amyloidosis. Thus, specific intracellular targets of Abeta might also be of interest. Our review evaluates the potential significance of Abeta interaction with a mitochondrial enzyme termed Abeta-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase-reductase family concentrated in mitochondria of neurones. Binding of Abeta to ABAD distorts the enzyme's structure, rendering it inactive with respect to its metabolic properties, and promotes mitochondrial generation of free radicals. Double transgenic mice in which increased levels of ABAD are expressed in an Abeta-rich environment, the latter provided by a mutant amyloid precursor protein transgene, demonstrate accelerated decline in spatial learning/memory and pathologic changes. These data suggest that mitochondria ABAD, ordinarily a contributor to metabolic homeostasis, has the capacity to become a pathogenic factor in an Abeta-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Du Yan
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Ageing Brain, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, Black Building Rm. 17-01, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17beta-HSD10) is a mitochondrial enzyme encoded by the SCHAD gene, which escapes chromosome X inactivation. 17Beta-HSD10/SCHAD mutations cause a spectrum of clinical conditions, from mild mental retardation to progressive infantile neurodegeneration. 17Beta-HSD10/SCHAD is essential for the metabolism of isoleucine and branched-chain fatty acids. It can inactivate 17beta-estradiol and steroid modulators of GABA(A) receptors, and convert 5alpha-androstanediol into 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Certain malignant prostatic epithelial cells contain high levels of 17beta-HSD10, generating 5alpha-DHT in the absence of testosterone. 17Beta-HSD10 has an affinity for amyloid-beta peptide, and might be linked to the mitochondrial dysfunction seen in Alzheimer's disease. This versatile enzyme might provide a new drug target for neuronal excitability control and for intervention in Alzheimer's disease and certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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40
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Dee CT, Moffat KG. A novel family of mitochondrial proteins is represented by the Drosophila genes slmo, preli-like and real-time. Dev Genes Evol 2005; 215:248-54. [PMID: 15700158 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-005-0470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in development and disease. The characterisation of mitochondrial proteins is therefore of particular importance. The slowmo (slmo) gene of Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to encode a novel type of mitochondrial protein, and is essential in the developing central nervous system. The Slmo protein contains a conserved PRELI/MSF1p' domain, found in proteins from a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms. However, the function of the proteins of this family is currently unknown. In this study, the evolutionary relationships between members of the PRELI/MSF1p' family are described, and we present the first analysis of two novel Drosophila genes predicted to encode proteins of this type. The first of these, preli-like (prel), is expressed ubiquitously during embryonic development, whilst the second, real-time (retm), is expressed dynamically in the developing gut and central nervous system. retm encodes a member of a novel conserved subclass of larger PRELI/MSF1p' domain proteins, which also contain the CRAL-TRIO motif thought to mediate the transport of small hydrophobic ligands. Here we provide evidence that, like Slmo, both the Prel and Retm proteins are localised to the mitochondria, indicating that the function of the PRELI/MSF1p' domain is specific to this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris T Dee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
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41
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Takuma K, Yao J, Huang J, Xu H, Chen X, Luddy J, Trillat AC, Stern DM, Arancio O, Yan SS. ABAD enhances Abeta-induced cell stress via mitochondrial dysfunction. FASEB J 2005; 19:597-8. [PMID: 15665036 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2582fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), an enzyme present in neuronal mitochondria, is a cofactor facilitating Abeta-induced cell stress. We hypothesized that ABAD provides a direct link between Abeta and cytotoxicity via mitochondrial oxidant stress. Neurons cultured from transgenic (Tg) mice with targeted overexpression of a mutant form of amyloid precursor protein and ABAD (Tg mAPP/ABAD) displayed spontaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, and decreased ATP, as well as subsequent release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and induction of caspase-3-like activity followed by DNA fragmentation and loss of cell viability. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was associated with dysfunction at the level of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase, or COX). In neurons cultured from Tg mAPP/ABAD mice, COX activity was selectively decreased, and cyanide, an inhibitor of complex IV, exacerbated leakage of ROS, induction of caspase-3-like activity, and DNA fragmentation. In vivo, Tg mAPP/ABAD mice displayed reduced levels of brain ATP and COX activity, diminished glucose utilization, as well as electrophysiological abnormalities in hippocampal slices compared with Tg mAPP mice. In contrast, neither Tg ABAD mice nor nontransgenic (non-TG) littermates showed similar changes in ATP, COX activity, glucose utilization or electrophysiological properties. Each of the genotypes (Tg ABAD, Tg mAPP and Tg mAPP/ABAD mice, and non-TG littermates) displayed normal reproductive fitness, development and lifespan (1) These findings link ABAD-induced oxidant stress to critical aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated cellular dysfunction, suggesting a pivotal role for this enzyme in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takuma
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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42
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Tieu K, Perier C, Vila M, Caspersen C, Zhang HP, Teismann P, Jackson-Lewis V, Stern DM, Yan SD, Przedborski S. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase II protects in a model of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2004; 56:51-60. [PMID: 15236401 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) impairs mitochondrial respiration and damages dopaminergic neurons as seen in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we report that L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type II/amyloid binding alcohol dehydrogenase (HADH II/ABAD), a mitochondrial oxidoreductase enzyme involved in neuronal survival, is downregulated in PD patients and in MPTP-intoxicated mice. We also show that transgenic mice with increased expression of human HADH II/ABAD are significantly more resistant to MPTP than their wild-type littermates. This effect appears to be mediated by overexpression of HADH II/ABAD mitigating MPTP-induced impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. This study demonstrates that HADH II/ABAD modulates MPTP neurotoxicity and suggests that HADH II/ABAD mimetics may provide protective benefit in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Tieu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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43
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Lustbader JW, Cirilli M, Lin C, Xu HW, Takuma K, Wang N, Caspersen C, Chen X, Pollak S, Chaney M, Trinchese F, Liu S, Gunn-Moore F, Lue LF, Walker DG, Kuppusamy P, Zewier ZL, Arancio O, Stern D, Yan SS, Wu H. ABAD directly links Abeta to mitochondrial toxicity in Alzheimer's disease. Science 2004; 304:448-52. [PMID: 15087549 DOI: 10.1126/science.1091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 987] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that Abeta-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) is a direct molecular link from Abeta to mitochondrial toxicity. Abeta interacts with ABAD in the mitochondria of AD patients and transgenic mice. The crystal structure of Abeta-bound ABAD shows substantial deformation of the active site that prevents nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) binding. An ABAD peptide specifically inhibits ABAD-Abeta interaction and suppresses Abeta-induced apoptosis and free-radical generation in neurons. Transgenic mice overexpressing ABAD in an Abeta-rich environment manifest exaggerated neuronal oxidative stress and impaired memory. These data suggest that the ABAD-Abeta interaction may be a therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce W Lustbader
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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44
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Mindnich R, Möller G, Adamski J. The role of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 218:7-20. [PMID: 15130507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2003.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Revised: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of steroid hormones is regulated at the pre-receptor level by several enzymes including 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17 beta -HSD). The latter are present in many microorganisms, invertebrates and vertebrates. Dysfunctions in human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases result in disorders of biology of reproduction and neuronal diseases, the enzymes are also involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases reveal a remarkable multifunctionality being able to modulate concentrations not only of steroids but as well of fatty and bile acids. Current knowledge on genetics, biochemistry and medical implications is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mindnich
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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45
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Shafqat N, Marschall HU, Filling C, Nordling E, Wu XQ, Björk L, Thyberg J, Mårtensson E, Salim S, Jörnvall H, Oppermann U. Expanded substrate screenings of human and Drosophila type 10 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) reveal multiple specificities in bile acid and steroid hormone metabolism: characterization of multifunctional 3alpha/7alpha/7beta/17beta/20beta/21-HSD. Biochem J 2003; 376:49-60. [PMID: 12917011 PMCID: PMC1223751 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Revised: 07/30/2003] [Accepted: 08/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) catalyse the conversion of 17beta-OH (-hydroxy)/17-oxo groups of steroids, and are essential in mammalian hormone physiology. At present, eleven 17beta-HSD isoforms have been defined in mammals, with different tissue-expression and substrate-conversion patterns. We analysed 17beta-HSD type 10 (17beta-HSD10) from humans and Drosophila, the latter known to be essential in development. In addition to the known hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3alpha-OH and 17beta-OH activities with sex steroids, we here demonstrate novel activities of 17beta-HSD10. Both species variants oxidize the 20beta-OH and 21-OH groups in C21 steroids, and act as 7beta-OH dehydrogenases of ursodeoxycholic or isoursodeoxycholic acid (also known as 7beta-hydroxylithocholic acid or 7beta-hydroxyisolithocholic acid respectively). Additionally, the human orthologue oxidizes the 7alpha-OH of chenodeoxycholic acid (5beta-cholanic acid, 3alpha,7alpha-diol) and cholic acid (5beta-cholanic acid). These novel substrate specificities are explained by homology models based on the orthologous rat crystal structure, showing a wide hydrophobic cleft, capable of accommodating steroids in different orientations. These properties suggest that the human enzyme is involved in glucocorticoid and gestagen catabolism, and participates in bile acid isomerization. Confocal microscopy and electron microscopy studies reveal that the human form is localized to mitochondria, whereas Drosophila 17beta-HSD10 shows a cytosolic localization pattern, possibly due to an N-terminal sequence difference that in human 17beta-HSD10 constitutes a mitochondrial targeting signal, extending into the Rossmann-fold motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Shafqat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Pile LA, Spellman PT, Katzenberger RJ, Wassarman DA. The SIN3 deacetylase complex represses genes encoding mitochondrial proteins: implications for the regulation of energy metabolism. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:37840-8. [PMID: 12865422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m305996200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deacetylation of histones by the SIN3 complex is a major mechanism utilized in eukaryotic organisms to repress transcription. Presumably, developmental and cellular phenotypes resulting from mutations in SIN3 are a consequence of altered transcription of SIN3 target genes. Therefore, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying SIN3 mutant phenotypes in Drosophila, we used full-genome oligonucleotide microarrays to compare gene expression levels in wild type Drosophila tissue culture cells versus SIN3-deficient cells generated by RNA interference. Of the 13,137 genes tested, 364 were induced and 35 were repressed by loss of SIN3. The approximately 10-fold difference between the number of induced and repressed genes suggests that SIN3 plays a direct role in regulating these genes. The identified genes are distributed throughout euchromatic regions but are preferentially excluded from heterochromatic regions of Drosophila chromosomes suggesting that the SIN3 complex can only access particular chromatin structures. A number of cell cycle regulators were repressed by loss of SIN3, and functional studies indicate that repression of string, encoding the Drosophila homologue of the yeast CDC25 phosphatase, contributes to the G2 cell cycle delay of SIN3-deficient cells. Unexpectedly, a substantial fraction of genes induced by loss of SIN3 is involved in cytosolic and mitochondrial energy-generating pathways and other genes encode components of the mitochondrial translation machinery. Increased expression of mitochondrial proteins in SIN3-deficient cells is manifested in an increase in mitochondrial mass. Thus, SIN3 may play an important role in regulating mitochondrial respiratory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Pile
- NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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47
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Ivell R, Balvers M, Anand RJK, Paust HJ, McKinnell C, Sharpe R. Differentiation-dependent expression of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type 10, in the rodent testis: effect of aging in Leydig cells. Endocrinology 2003; 144:3130-7. [PMID: 12810569 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the new 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), type 10 (17beta-HSD-10), formerly known as endoplasmic reticulum-associated amyloid-binding protein, has been investigated in the testes of various mammals under normal and perturbed conditions. Results show that 17beta-HSD-10 is a major product of both fetal and adult-type Leydig cells. In the former, protein persists until late in postnatal development; and in the short-day hamster model, it does not disappear when Leydig cells involute. During puberty in the rat, immunohistochemical staining for 17beta-HSD-10 in adult-type Leydig cells first becomes evident on d 20, increasing to maximal staining intensity by d 35. In the rat, but not in the mouse or any other species examined, there is also staining in late spermatids. Examination of testes from rats subjected to perinatal treatment with either a GnRH antagonist or low and high doses of diethylstilbestrol revealed that expression of 17beta-HSD-10 follows closely Leydig cell differentiation status, correlating with 3beta-HSD expression in a previous study. In aging (23 months) rat testes, Leydig cell (but not germ cell) immunostaining for 17beta-HSD-10 is markedly reduced. 17beta-HSD-10 seems to preferentially convert 3alpha-androstanediol into dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol to estrone. Thus, perinatal expression of this enzyme in fetal Leydig cells may contribute to protecting these cells from estrogens and encourage androgen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ivell
- Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University of Hamburg, Falkenreid 88, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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Kallberg Y, Oppermann U, Jörnvall H, Persson B. Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) relationships: a large family with eight clusters common to human, animal, and plant genomes. Protein Sci 2002; 11:636-41. [PMID: 11847285 PMCID: PMC2373483 DOI: 10.1110/ps.26902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The progress in genome characterizations has opened new routes for studying enzyme families. The availability of the human genome enabled us to delineate the large family of short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) members. Although the human genome releases are not yet final, we have already found 63 members. We have also compared these SDR forms with those of three model organisms: Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Arabidopsis thaliana. We detect eight SDR ortholog clusters in a cross-genome comparison. Four of these clusters represent extended SDR forms, a subgroup found in all life forms. The other four are classical SDRs with activities involved in cellular differentiation and signalling. We also find 18 SDR genes that are present only in the human genome of the four genomes studied, reflecting enzyme forms specific to mammals. Close to half of these gene products represent steroid dehydrogenases, emphasizing the regulatory importance of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hernández-Hernández A, Ferrús A. Prodos is a conserved transcriptional regulator that interacts with dTAF(II)16 in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:614-23. [PMID: 11134347 PMCID: PMC86631 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.2.614-623.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2000] [Accepted: 10/16/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor TFIID is a multiprotein complex that includes the TATA box binding protein (TBP) and a number of associated factors, TAF(II). Prodos (PDS) is a conserved protein that exhibits a histone fold domain (HFD). In yeast two-hybrid tests using PDS as bait, we cloned the Drosophila TAF(II), dTAF(II)16, as a specific PDS target. dTAF(II)16 is closely related to human TAF(II)30 and to another recently discovered Drosophila TAF, dTAF(II)24. PDS and dTAF(II)24 do not interact, however, thus establishing a functional difference between these dTAFs. The PDS-dTAF(II)16 interaction is mediated by the HFD motif in PDS and the N terminus in dTAF(II)16, as indicated by yeast two-hybrid assays with protein fragments. Luciferase-reported transcription tests in transfected cells show that PDS or an HFD-containing fragment activates transcription only with the help of dTAF(II)16 and TBP. Consistent with this, the eye phenotype of flies expressing a sev-Ras1 construct is modulated by PDS and dTAF(II)16 in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Finally, we show that PDS function is required for cell viability in somatic mosaics. These findings indicate that PDS is a novel transcriptional coactivator that associates with a member of the general transcription factor TFIID.
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Powell AJ, Read JA, Banfield MJ, Gunn-Moore F, Yan SD, Lustbader J, Stern AR, Stern DM, Brady RL. Recognition of structurally diverse substrates by type II 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH II)/amyloid-beta binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD). J Mol Biol 2000; 303:311-27. [PMID: 11023795 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human type II hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/amyloid-beta binding alcohol dehydrogenase (HADH II/ABAD) is an oxidoreductase whose salient features include broad substrate specificity, encompassing 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA derivatives, hydroxysteroids, alcohols and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and the capacity to bind amyloid-beta peptide, leading to propagation of amyloid-induced cell stress. In this study, we examine the structure and enzymatic activity of the homologous rat HADH II/ABAD enzyme. We report the crystal structure of rat HADH II/ABAD as a binary complex with its NADH cofactor to 2.0 A resolution, as a ternary complex with NAD(+) and 3-ketobutyrate (acetoacetate) to 1.4 A resolution, and as a ternary complex with NADH and 17 beta-estradiol to 1.7 A resolution. This first crystal structure of an HADH II confirms these enzymes are closely related to the short-chain hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and differ substantially from the classic, type I 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases. Binding of the ketobutyrate substrate is accompanied by closure of the active site specificity loop, whereas the steroid substrate does not appear to require closure for binding. Despite the different chemical nature of the two bound substrates, the presentation of chemical groups within the active site of each complex is remarkably similar, allowing a general mechanism for catalytic activity to be proposed. There is a characteristic extension to the active site that is likely to accommodate the CoA moiety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA substrates. Rat HADH II/ABAD also binds amyloid-beta (1-40) peptide with a K(D) of 21 nM, which is similar to the interaction exhibited between this peptide and human HADH II/ABAD. These studies provide the first structural insights into HADH II/ABAD interaction with its substrates, and indicate the relevance of the rodent enzyme and associated rodent models for analysis of HADH II/ABAD's physiologic and pathophysiologic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Powell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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