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Esposti LD, Squiteri D, Fusacchia C, Bassi G, Torelli R, Altamura D, Manicone E, Panseri S, Adamiano A, Giannini C, Montesi M, Bugli F, Iafisco M. Bioinspired oriented calcium phosphate nanocrystal arrays with bactericidal and osteogenic properties. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00443-4. [PMID: 39117114 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The global diffusion of antibiotic resistance poses a severe threat to public health. Addressing antibiotic-resistant infections requires innovative approaches, such as antibacterial nanostructured surfaces (ANSs). These surfaces, featuring ordered arrays of nanostructures, exhibit the ability to kill bacteria upon contact. However, most currently developed ANSs utilize bioinert materials, lacking bioactivity crucial for promoting tissue regeneration, particularly in the context of bone infections. This study introduces ANSs composed of bioactive calcium phosphate nanocrystals. Two distinct ANSs were created through a biomineralization-inspired growth of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursors. The ANSs demonstrated efficient antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) antibiotic resistant bacteria, with up to 75% mortality in adhered bacteria after only 4 hours of contact. Notably, the ANS featuring thinner and less oriented nano-needles exhibited superior efficacy attributed to simultaneous membrane rupturing and oxidative stress induction. Moreover, the ANSs facilitate the proliferation of mammalian cells, enhancing adhesion, spreading, and reducing oxidative stress. The ANSs displayed also significant bioactivity towards human mesenchymal stem cells, promoting colonization and inducing osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, the ANS with thicker and more ordered nano-needles demonstrated heightened effects. In conclusion, ANSs introduced in this work have the potential to serve as foundation for developing bone graft materials capable of eradicate site infections while concurrently stimulating bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nanostructured surfaces with antibacterial properties through a mechano-bactericidal mechanism have shown significant potential in fighting antibiotic resistance. However, these surfaces have not been fabricated with bioactive materials necessary for developing devices that are both antibacterial and able to stimulate tissue regeneration. This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating nanostructured surfaces of ordered calcium phosphate nano-needles through a biomineralization-inspired growth. These surfaces exhibit dual functionality, serving as effective bactericidal agents against Gram-negative and Gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacteria while also promoting the proliferation of mammalian cells and inducing osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Consequently, this approach holds promise in the context of bone infections, introducing innovative nanostructured surfaces that could be utilized in the development of antimicrobial and osteogenic grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Degli Esposti
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials (ISSMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Damiano Squiteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Fusacchia
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials (ISSMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Via delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Giada Bassi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials (ISSMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science. University of G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Erika Manicone
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials (ISSMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials (ISSMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials (ISSMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials (ISSMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy.
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2
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Katoh K. Effects of Mechanical Stress on Endothelial Cells In Situ and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16518. [PMID: 38003708 PMCID: PMC10671803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis and mediate several pathological and physiological processes. Mechanical stresses generated by blood flow and other biomechanical factors significantly affect endothelial cell activity. Here, we review how mechanical stresses, both in situ and in vitro, affect endothelial cells. We review the basic principles underlying the cellular response to mechanical stresses. We also consider the implications of these findings for understanding the mechanisms of mechanotransducer and mechano-signal transduction systems by cytoskeletal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba 305-8521, Japan
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3
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Cheng D, Wang J, Yao M, Cox CD. Joining forces: crosstalk between mechanosensitive PIEZO1 ion channels and integrin-mediated focal adhesions. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1897-1906. [PMID: 37772664 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Both integrin-mediated focal adhesions (FAs) and mechanosensitive ion channels such as PIEZO1 are critical in mechanotransduction processes that influence cell differentiation, development, and cancer. Ample evidence now exists for regulatory crosstalk between FAs and PIEZO1 channels with the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remaining unclear. However, an emerging picture is developing based on spatial crosstalk between FAs and PIEZO1 revealing a synergistic model involving the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM) and calcium-dependent signaling. Already cell type, cell contractility, integrin subtypes and ECM composition have been shown to regulate this crosstalk, implying a highly fine-tuned relationship between these two major mechanosensing systems. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area, highlight the physiological implications of this crosstalk and identify gaps in our knowledge that will improve our understanding of cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfine Cheng
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Junfan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Charles D Cox
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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4
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Bachmann M, Su B, Rahikainen R, Hytönen VP, Wu J, Wehrle-Haller B. ConFERMing the role of talin in integrin activation and mechanosignaling. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260576. [PMID: 37078342 PMCID: PMC10198623 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (herein referring to the talin-1 form), is a cytoskeletal adapter protein that binds integrin receptors and F-actin, and is a key factor in the formation and regulation of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions. Talin forms the mechanical link between the cytoplasmic domain of integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. Through this linkage, talin is at the origin of mechanosignaling occurring at the plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interface. Despite its central position, talin is not able to fulfill its tasks alone, but requires help from kindlin and paxillin to detect and transform the mechanical tension along the integrin-talin-F-actin axis into intracellular signaling. The talin head forms a classical FERM domain, which is required to bind and regulate the conformation of the integrin receptor, as well as to induce intracellular force sensing. The FERM domain allows the strategic positioning of protein-protein and protein-lipid interfaces, including the membrane-binding and integrin affinity-regulating F1 loop, as well as the interaction with lipid-anchored Rap1 (Rap1a and Rap1b in mammals) GTPase. Here, we summarize the structural and regulatory features of talin and explain how it regulates cell adhesion and force transmission, as well as intracellular signaling at integrin-containing cell-matrix attachment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Baihao Su
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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5
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Tao A, LaCroix AS, Shoyer TC, Venkatraman V, Xu KL, Feiger B, Hoffman BD. Identifying constitutive and context-specific molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment within focal adhesions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:522-534.e7. [PMID: 36924770 PMCID: PMC10080727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive processes often rely on adhesion structures to strengthen, or mature, in response to applied loads. However, a limited understanding of how the molecular tensions that are experienced by a particular protein affect the recruitment of other proteins represents a major obstacle in the way of deciphering molecular mechanisms that underlie mechanosensitive processes. Here, we describe an imaging-based technique, termed fluorescence-tension co-localization (FTC), for studying molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment inside cells. Guided by discrete time Markov chain simulations of protein recruitment, we integrate immunofluorescence labeling, molecular tension sensors, and machine learning to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and context dependence of molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment. The application of FTC to the mechanical linker protein vinculin in mouse embryonic fibroblasts reveals constitutive and context-specific molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment that varies with adhesion maturation. FTC overcomes limitations associated with the alteration of numerous proteins during the manipulation of cell contractility, providing molecularly specific insights into tension-sensitive protein recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Tao
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karen L Xu
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bradley Feiger
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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6
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Goult BT, von Essen M, Hytönen VP. The mechanical cell - the role of force dependencies in synchronising protein interaction networks. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:283155. [PMID: 36398718 PMCID: PMC9845749 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mechanical signals in the proper functioning of organisms is increasingly recognised, and every cell senses physical forces and responds to them. These forces are generated both from outside the cell or via the sophisticated force-generation machinery of the cell, the cytoskeleton. All regions of the cell are connected via mechanical linkages, enabling the whole cell to function as a mechanical system. In this Review, we define some of the key concepts of how this machinery functions, highlighting the critical requirement for mechanosensory proteins, and conceptualise the coupling of mechanical linkages to mechanochemical switches that enables forces to be converted into biological signals. These mechanical couplings provide a mechanism for how mechanical crosstalk might coordinate the entire cell, its neighbours, extending into whole collections of cells, in tissues and in organs, and ultimately in the coordination and operation of entire organisms. Consequently, many diseases manifest through defects in this machinery, which we map onto schematics of the mechanical linkages within a cell. This mapping approach paves the way for the identification of additional linkages between mechanosignalling pathways and so might identify treatments for diseases, where mechanical connections are affected by mutations or where individual force-regulated components are defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland,Authors for correspondence (; )
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7
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Ueda N, Maekawa M, Matsui TS, Deguchi S, Takata T, Katahira J, Higashiyama S, Hieda M. Inner Nuclear Membrane Protein, SUN1, is Required for Cytoskeletal Force Generation and Focal Adhesion Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:885859. [PMID: 35663386 PMCID: PMC9157646 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.885859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is composed of the inner nuclear membrane-spanning SUN proteins and the outer nuclear membrane-spanning nesprin proteins. The LINC complex physically connects the nucleus and plasma membrane via the actin cytoskeleton to perform diverse functions including mechanotransduction from the extracellular environment to the nucleus. Mammalian somatic cells express two principal SUN proteins, namely SUN1 and SUN2. We have previously reported that SUN1, but not SUN2, is essential for directional cell migration; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Because the balance between adhesive force and traction force is critical for cell migration, in the present study, we focused on focal adhesions (FAs) and the actin cytoskeleton. We observed that siRNA-mediated SUN1 depletion did not affect the recruitment of integrin β1, one of the ubiquitously expressed focal adhesion molecules, to the plasma membrane. Consistently, SUN1-depleted cells normally adhered to extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. In contrast, SUN1 depletion reduced the activation of integrin β1. Strikingly, the depletion of SUN1 interfered with the incorporation of vinculin into the focal adhesions, whereas no significant differences in the expression of vinculin were observed between wild-type and SUN1-depleted cells. In addition, SUN1 depletion suppressed the recruitment of zyxin to nascent focal adhesions. These data indicate that SUN1 is involved in the maturation of focal adhesions. Moreover, disruption of the SUN1-containing LINC complex abrogates the actin cytoskeleton and generation of intracellular traction force, despite the presence of SUN2. Thus, a physical link between the nucleus and cytoskeleton through SUN1 is required for the proper organization of actin, thereby suppressing the incorporation of vinculin and zyxin into focal adhesions and the activation of integrin β1, both of which are dependent on traction force. This study provides insights into a previously unappreciated signaling pathway from the nucleus to the cytoskeleton, which is in the opposite direction to the well-known mechanotransduction pathways from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Ueda
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Takata
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Japan
| | - Jun Katahira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Oncogenesis and Growth Regulation, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Hieda
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Japan
- *Correspondence: Miki Hieda,
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8
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Ripamonti M, Wehrle-Haller B, de Curtis I. Paxillin: A Hub for Mechano-Transduction from the β3 Integrin-Talin-Kindlin Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852016. [PMID: 35450290 PMCID: PMC9016114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are specialized integrin-dependent adhesion complexes, which ensure cell anchoring to the extracellular matrix. Focal adhesions also function as mechano-signaling platforms by perceiving and integrating diverse physical and (bio)chemical cues of their microenvironment, and by transducing them into intracellular signaling for the control of cell behavior. The fundamental biological mechanism of creating intracellular signaling in response to changes in tensional forces appears to be tightly linked to paxillin recruitment and binding to focal adhesions. Interestingly, the tension-dependent nature of the paxillin binding to adhesions, combined with its scaffolding function, suggests a major role of this protein in integrating multiple signals from the microenvironment, and accordingly activating diverse molecular responses. This minireview offers an overview of the molecular bases of the mechano-sensitivity and mechano-signaling capacity of core focal adhesion proteins, and highlights the role of paxillin as a key component of the mechano-transducing machinery based on the interaction of cells to substrates activating the β3 integrin-talin1-kindlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ripamonti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ivan de Curtis,
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Suppression of the fibrotic encapsulation of silicone implants by inhibiting the mechanical activation of pro-fibrotic TGF-β. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1437-1456. [PMID: 34031559 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fibrotic encapsulation of implants involves the mechanical activation of myofibroblasts and of pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Here, we show that both softening of the implant surfaces and inhibition of the activation of TGF-β1 reduce the fibrotic encapsulation of subcutaneous silicone implants in mice. Conventionally stiff silicones (elastic modulus, ~2 MPa) coated with a soft silicone layer (elastic modulus, ~2 kPa) reduced collagen deposition as well as myofibroblast activation without affecting the numbers of macrophages and their polarization states. Instead, fibroblasts around stiff implants exhibited enhanced intracellular stress, increased the recruitment of αv and β1 integrins, and activated TGF-β1 signalling. In vitro, the recruitment of αv integrin to focal adhesions and the activation of β1 integrin and of TGF-β were higher in myofibroblasts grown on latency-associated peptide (LAP)-coated stiff silicones than on soft silicones. Antagonizing αv integrin binding to LAP through the small-molecule inhibitor CWHM-12 suppressed active TGF-β signalling, myofibroblast activation and the fibrotic encapsulation of stiff subcutaneous implants in mice.
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10
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Puech PH, Bongrand P. Mechanotransduction as a major driver of cell behaviour: mechanisms, and relevance to cell organization and future research. Open Biol 2021; 11:210256. [PMID: 34753321 PMCID: PMC8586914 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
How do cells process environmental cues to make decisions? This simple question is still generating much experimental and theoretical work, at the border of physics, chemistry and biology, with strong implications in medicine. The purpose of mechanobiology is to understand how biochemical and physical cues are turned into signals through mechanotransduction. Here, we review recent evidence showing that (i) mechanotransduction plays a major role in triggering signalling cascades following cell-neighbourhood interaction; (ii) the cell capacity to continually generate forces, and biomolecule properties to undergo conformational changes in response to piconewton forces, provide a molecular basis for understanding mechanotransduction; and (iii) mechanotransduction shapes the guidance cues retrieved by living cells and the information flow they generate. This includes the temporal and spatial properties of intracellular signalling cascades. In conclusion, it is suggested that the described concepts may provide guidelines to define experimentally accessible parameters to describe cell structure and dynamics, as a prerequisite to take advantage of recent progress in high-throughput data gathering, computer simulation and artificial intelligence, in order to build a workable, hopefully predictive, account of cell signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Henri Puech
- Lab Adhesion and Inflammation (LAI), Inserm UMR 1067, CNRS UMR 7333, Aix-Marseille Université UM61, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Bongrand
- Lab Adhesion and Inflammation (LAI), Inserm UMR 1067, CNRS UMR 7333, Aix-Marseille Université UM61, Marseille, France
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11
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Ishimoto T, Kawahara K, Matsugaki A, Kamioka H, Nakano T. Quantitative Evaluation of Osteocyte Morphology and Bone Anisotropic Extracellular Matrix in Rat Femur. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:434-444. [PMID: 34009396 PMCID: PMC8429393 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes are believed to play a crucial role in mechanosensation and mechanotransduction which are important for maintenance of mechanical integrity of bone. Recent investigations have revealed that the preferential orientation of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly composed of collagen fibers and apatite crystallites is one of the important determinants of bone mechanical integrity. However, the relationship between osteocytes and ECM orientation remains unclear. In this study, the association between ECM orientation and anisotropy in the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system, which is thought to be optimized along with the mechanical stimuli, was investigated using male rat femur. The degree of ECM orientation along the femur longitudinal axis was significantly and positively correlated with the anisotropic features of the osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi. At the femur middiaphysis, there are the osteocytes with lacunae that highly aligned along the bone long axis (principal stress direction) and canaliculi that preferentially extended perpendicular to the bone long axis, and the highest degree of apatite c-axis orientation along the bone long axis was shown. Based on these data, we propose a model in which osteocytes can change their lacuno-canalicular architecture depending on the mechanical environment so that they can become more susceptible to mechanical stimuli via fluid flow in the canalicular channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keita Kawahara
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aira Matsugaki
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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12
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Structural and functional analysis of LIM domain-dependent recruitment of paxillin to αvβ3 integrin-positive focal adhesions. Commun Biol 2021; 4:380. [PMID: 33782527 PMCID: PMC8007706 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The LIM domain-dependent localization of the adapter protein paxillin to β3 integrin-positive focal adhesions (FAs) is not mechanistically understood. Here, by combining molecular biology, photoactivation and FA-isolation experiments, we demonstrate specific contributions of each LIM domain of paxillin and reveal multiple paxillin interactions in adhesion-complexes. Mutation of β3 integrin at a putative paxillin binding site (β3VE/YA) leads to rapidly inward-sliding FAs, correlating with actin retrograde flow and enhanced paxillin dissociation kinetics. Induced mechanical coupling of paxillin to β3VE/YA integrin arrests the FA-sliding, thereby disclosing an essential structural function of paxillin for the maturation of β3 integrin/talin clusters. Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation unveils the spatial orientation of the paxillin LIM-array, juxtaposing the positive LIM4 to the plasma membrane and the β3 integrin-tail, while in vitro binding assays point to LIM1 and/or LIM2 interaction with talin-head domain. These data provide structural insights into the molecular organization of β3 integrin-FAs.
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13
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Chakraborty M, Chu K, Shrestha A, Revelo XS, Zhang X, Gold MJ, Khan S, Lee M, Huang C, Akbari M, Barrow F, Chan YT, Lei H, Kotoulas NK, Jovel J, Pastrello C, Kotlyar M, Goh C, Michelakis E, Clemente-Casares X, Ohashi PS, Engleman EG, Winer S, Jurisica I, Tsai S, Winer DA. Mechanical Stiffness Controls Dendritic Cell Metabolism and Function. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108609. [PMID: 33440149 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stiffness in the tissue microenvironment changes in most diseases and immunological conditions, but its direct influence on the immune system is poorly understood. Here, we show that static tension impacts immune cell function, maturation, and metabolism. Bone-marrow-derived and/or splenic dendritic cells (DCs) grown in vitro at physiological resting stiffness have reduced proliferation, activation, and cytokine production compared with cells grown under higher stiffness, mimicking fibro-inflammatory disease. Consistently, DCs grown under higher stiffness show increased activation and flux of major glucose metabolic pathways. In DC models of autoimmune diabetes and tumor immunotherapy, tension primes DCs to elicit an adaptive immune response. Mechanistic workup identifies the Hippo-signaling molecule, TAZ, as well as Ca2+-related ion channels, including potentially PIEZO1, as important effectors impacting DC metabolism and function under tension. Tension also directs the phenotypes of monocyte-derived DCs in humans. Thus, mechanical stiffness is a critical environmental cue of DCs and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kevin Chu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Annie Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xavier S Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Gold
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Saad Khan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Megan Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Camille Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Masoud Akbari
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Fanta Barrow
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Helena Lei
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Juan Jovel
- The Applied Genomics Core, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Cynthia Goh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evangelos Michelakis
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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14
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Kirschneck C, Thuy M, Leikam A, Memmert S, Deschner J, Damanaki A, Spanier G, Proff P, Jantsch J, Schröder A. Role and Regulation of Mechanotransductive HIF-1α Stabilisation in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249530. [PMID: 33333756 PMCID: PMC7765204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) creates compressive and tensile strain in the periodontal ligament, causing circulation disorders. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to be primarily stabilised by compression, but not hypoxia in periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) during mechanical strain, which are key regulators of OTM. This study aimed to elucidate the role of heparan sulfate integrin interaction and downstream kinase phosphorylation for HIF-1α stabilisation under compressive and tensile strain and to which extent downstream synthesis of VEGF and prostaglandins is HIF-1α-dependent in a model of simulated OTM in PDLF. PDLF were subjected to compressive or tensile strain for 48 h. In various setups HIF-1α was experimentally stabilised (DMOG) or destabilised (YC-1) and mechanotransduction was inhibited by surfen and genistein. We found that HIF-1α was not stabilised by tensile, but rather by compressive strain. HIF-1α stabilisation had an inductive effect on prostaglandin and VEGF synthesis. As expected, HIF-1α destabilisation reduced VEGF expression, whereas prostaglandin synthesis was increased. Inhibition of integrin mechanotransduction via surfen or genistein prevented stabilisation of HIF-1α. A decrease in VEGF expression was observed, but not in prostaglandin synthesis. Stabilisation of HIF-1α via integrin mechanotransduction and downstream phosphorylation of kinases seems to be essential for the induction of VEGF, but not prostaglandin synthesis by PDLF during compressive (but not tensile) orthodontic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (A.L.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-6093
| | - Magdalena Thuy
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (A.L.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandra Leikam
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (A.L.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.D.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.D.); (A.D.)
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (A.L.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (A.L.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
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15
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Massou S, Nunes Vicente F, Wetzel F, Mehidi A, Strehle D, Leduc C, Voituriez R, Rossier O, Nassoy P, Giannone G. Cell stretching is amplified by active actin remodelling to deform and recruit proteins in mechanosensitive structures. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1011-1023. [PMID: 32719553 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection and conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical signals controls cell functions during physiological and pathological processes. Mechanosensing is based on protein deformations and reorganizations, yet the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Using a cell-stretching device compatible with super-resolution microscopy and single-protein tracking, we explored the nanoscale deformations and reorganizations of individual proteins inside mechanosensitive structures. We achieved super-resolution microscopy after live stretching on intermediate filaments, microtubules and integrin adhesions. Simultaneous single-protein tracking and stretching showed that while integrins followed the elastic deformation of the substrate, actin filaments and talin also displayed lagged and transient inelastic responses associated with active acto-myosin remodelling and talin deformations. Capturing acute reorganizations of single molecules during stretching showed that force-dependent vinculin recruitment is delayed and depends on the maturation of integrin adhesions. Thus, cells respond to external forces by amplifying transiently and locally cytoskeleton displacements, enabling protein deformation and recruitment in mechanosensitive structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Massou
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Filipe Nunes Vicente
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Franziska Wetzel
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, Institut d'Optique and CNRS, Talence, France
| | - Amine Mehidi
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dan Strehle
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, Institut d'Optique and CNRS, Talence, France
| | - Cecile Leduc
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur Paris and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin and Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS - Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rossier
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Nassoy
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, Institut d'Optique and CNRS, Talence, France
| | - Grégory Giannone
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.
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16
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Suman SK, Daday C, Ferraro T, Vuong-Brender T, Tak S, Quintin S, Robin F, Gräter F, Labouesse M. The plakin domain of C. elegans VAB-10/plectin acts as a hub in a mechanotransduction pathway to promote morphogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev183780. [PMID: 31784459 PMCID: PMC7375825 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces can elicit a mechanotransduction response through junction-associated proteins. In contrast to the wealth of knowledge available for focal adhesions and adherens junctions, much less is known about mechanotransduction at hemidesmosomes. Here, we focus on the C. elegans plectin homolog VAB-10A, the only evolutionary conserved hemidesmosome component. In C. elegans, muscle contractions induce a mechanotransduction pathway in the epidermis through hemidesmosomes. We used CRISPR to precisely remove spectrin repeats (SRs) or a partially hidden Src homology 3 (SH3) domain within the VAB-10 plakin domain. Deleting the SH3 or SR8 domains in combination with mutations affecting mechanotransduction, or just the part of SR5 shielding the SH3 domain, induced embryonic elongation arrest because hemidesmosomes collapse. Notably, recruitment of GIT-1, the first mechanotransduction player, requires the SR5 domain and the hemidesmosome transmembrane receptor LET-805. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that forces acting on VAB-10 could make the central SH3 domain, otherwise in contact with SR4, available for interaction. Collectively, our data strongly indicate that the plakin domain plays a central role in mechanotransduction and raise the possibility that VAB-10/plectin might act as a mechanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar Suman
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622,7 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS (UMR7104), INSERM (U964), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Csaba Daday
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, INF 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Ferraro
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622,7 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thanh Vuong-Brender
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622,7 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS (UMR7104), INSERM (U964), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Saurabh Tak
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622,7 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS (UMR7104), INSERM (U964), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Quintin
- Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS (UMR7104), INSERM (U964), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - François Robin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622,7 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, INF 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel Labouesse
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622,7 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS (UMR7104), INSERM (U964), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67400 Illkirch, France
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17
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Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
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18
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Miyazaki T, Zhao Z, Ichihara Y, Yoshino D, Imamura T, Sawada K, Hayano S, Kamioka H, Mori S, Hirata H, Araki K, Kawauchi K, Shigemoto K, Tanaka S, Bonewald LF, Honda H, Shinohara M, Nagao M, Ogata T, Harada I, Sawada Y. Mechanical regulation of bone homeostasis through p130Cas-mediated alleviation of NF-κB activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7802. [PMID: 31579816 PMCID: PMC6760935 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading plays an important role in bone homeostasis. However, molecular mechanisms behind the mechanical regulation of bone homeostasis are poorly understood. We previously reported p130Cas (Cas) as a key molecule in cellular mechanosensing at focal adhesions. Here, we demonstrate that Cas is distributed in the nucleus and supports mechanical loading-mediated bone homeostasis by alleviating NF-κB activity, which would otherwise prompt inflammatory processes. Mechanical unloading modulates Cas distribution and NF-κB activity in osteocytes, the mechanosensory cells in bones. Cas deficiency in osteocytes increases osteoclastic bone resorption associated with NF-κB-mediated RANKL expression, leading to osteopenia. Upon shear stress application on cultured osteocytes, Cas translocates into the nucleus and down-regulates NF-κB activity. Collectively, fluid shear stress-dependent Cas-mediated alleviation of NF-κB activity supports bone homeostasis. Given the ubiquitous expression of Cas and NF-κB together with systemic distribution of interstitial fluid, the Cas-NF-κB interplay may also underpin regulatory mechanisms in other tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Miyazaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
- Corresponding author. (T.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Z. Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Level 10, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Y. Ichihara
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - D. Yoshino
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Level 10, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - T. Imamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - K. Sawada
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Level 10, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Laboratory for Mechanical Medicine, Nadogaya Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0032, Japan
| | - S. Hayano
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - H. Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - S. Mori
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - H. Hirata
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Level 10, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - K. Araki
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Level 10, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - K. Kawauchi
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Level 10, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - K. Shigemoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - S. Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - L. F. Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - H. Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - M. Shinohara
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - M. Nagao
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - T. Ogata
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - I. Harada
- Laboratory for Mechanical Medicine, Nadogaya Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0032, Japan
| | - Y. Sawada
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Level 10, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
- Laboratory for Mechanical Medicine, Nadogaya Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0032, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
- Corresponding author. (T.M.); (Y.S.)
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19
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Abstract
Cells need to be anchored to extracellular matrix (ECM) to survive, yet the role of ECM in guiding developmental processes, tissue homeostasis, and aging has long been underestimated. How ECM orchestrates the deterioration of healthy to pathological tissues, including fibrosis and cancer, also remains poorly understood. Inquiring how alterations in ECM fiber tension might drive these processes is timely, as mechanobiology is a rapidly growing field, and many novel mechanisms behind the mechanical forces that can regulate protein, cell, and tissue functions have recently been deciphered. The goal of this article is to review how forces can switch protein functions, and thus cell signaling, and thereby inspire new approaches to exploit the mechanobiology of ECM in regenerative medicine as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Some of the mechanochemical switching concepts described here for ECM proteins are more general and apply to intracellular proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
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20
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Kelly GT, Faraj R, Zhang Y, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Black SM, Wang T. Pulmonary Endothelial Mechanical Sensing and Signaling, a Story of Focal Adhesions and Integrins in Ventilator Induced Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:511. [PMID: 31105595 PMCID: PMC6498899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with critical illness such as acute lung injury often undergo mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Though lifesaving in many instances, mechanical ventilation often results in ventilator induced lung injury (VILI), characterized by overdistension of lung tissue leading to release of edemagenic agents, which further damage the lung and contribute to the mortality and progression of pulmonary inflammation. The endothelium is particularly sensitive, as VILI associated mechanical stress results in endothelial cytoskeletal rearrangement, stress fiber formation, and integrity loss. At the heart of these changes are integrin tethered focal adhesions (FAs) which participate in mechanosensing, structure, and signaling. Here, we present the known roles of FA proteins including c-Src, talin, FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and integrins in the sensing and response to cyclic stretch and VILI associated stress. Attention is given to how stretch is propagated from the extracellular matrix through integrins to talin and other FA proteins, as well as signaling cascades that include FA proteins, leading to stress fiber formation and other cellular responses. This unifying picture of FAs aids our understanding in an effort to prevent and treat VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Reem Faraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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21
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Jacko D, Bersiner K, Hebchen J, de Marées M, Bloch W, Gehlert S. Phosphorylation of αB-crystallin and its cytoskeleton association differs in skeletal myofiber types depending on resistance exercise intensity and volume. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1607-1618. [PMID: 30920888 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01038.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
αB-crystallin (CRYAB) is an important actor in the immediate cell stabilizing response following mechanical stress in skeletal muscle. Yet, only little is known regarding myofiber type-specific stress responses of CRYAB. We investigated whether the phosphorylation of CRYAB at serine 59 (pCRYABSer59) and its cytoskeleton association are influenced by varying load-intensity and -volume in a fiber type-specific manner. Male subjects were assigned to 1, 5, and 10 sets of different acute resistance exercise protocols: hypertrophy (HYP), maximum strength (MAX), strength endurance (SE), low intensity (LI), and three sets of maximum eccentric resistance exercise (ECC). Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken at baseline and 30 min after exercise. Western blot revealed an increase in pCRYABSer59 only following 5 and 10 sets in groups HYP, MAX, SE, and LI as well as following 3 sets in the ECC group. In type I fibers, immunohistochemistry determined increased pCRYABSer59 in all groups. In type II fibers, pCRYABSer59 only increased in MAX and ECC groups, with the increase in type II fibers exceeding that of type I fibers in ECC. Association of CRYAB and pCRYABSer59 with the cytoskeleton reflected the fiber type-specific phosphorylation pattern. Phosphorylation of CRYAB and its association with the cytoskeleton in type I and II myofibers is highly specific in terms of loading intensity and volume. Most likely, this is based on specific recruitment patterns of the different myofiber entities due to the different resistance exercise loadings. We conclude that pCRYABSer59 indicates contraction-induced mechanical stress exposure of single myofibers in consequence of resistance exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We determined that the phosphorylation of αB-crystallin at serine 59 (pCRYABSer59) after resistance exercise differs between myofiber types in a load- and intensity-dependent manner. The determination of pCRYABSer59 could serve as a marker indirectly indicating contractile involvement and applied mechanical stress on individual fibers. By that, it is possible to retrospectively assess the impact of resistance exercise loading on skeletal muscle fiber entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jacko
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Olympic Base Center Rhineland , Cologne , Germany
| | - Käthe Bersiner
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim , Hildesheim , Germany
| | - Jonas Hebchen
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Markus de Marées
- Section of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University of Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim , Hildesheim , Germany
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22
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Fang Y, Wu D, Birukov KG. Mechanosensing and Mechanoregulation of Endothelial Cell Functions. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:873-904. [PMID: 30873580 PMCID: PMC6697421 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a semiselective barrier for macromolecules and cell elements regulated by dynamic interactions between cytoskeletal elements and cell adhesion complexes. ECs also participate in many other vital processes including innate immune reactions, vascular repair, secretion, and metabolism of bioactive molecules. Moreover, vascular ECs represent a unique cell type exposed to continuous, time-dependent mechanical forces: different patterns of shear stress imposed by blood flow in macrovasculature and by rolling blood cells in the microvasculature; circumferential cyclic stretch experienced by the arterial vascular bed caused by heart propulsions; mechanical stretch of lung microvascular endothelium at different magnitudes due to spontaneous respiration or mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that vascular ECs contain mechanosensory complexes, which rapidly react to changes in mechanical loading, process the signal, and develop context-specific adaptive responses to rebalance the cell homeostatic state. The significance of the interactions between specific mechanical forces in the EC microenvironment together with circulating bioactive molecules in the progression and resolution of vascular pathologies including vascular injury, atherosclerosis, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome has been only recently recognized. This review will summarize the current understanding of EC mechanosensory mechanisms, modulation of EC responses to humoral factors by surrounding mechanical forces (particularly the cyclic stretch), and discuss recent findings of magnitude-specific regulation of EC functions by transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms using -omics approaches. We also discuss ongoing challenges and future opportunities in developing new therapies targeting dysregulated mechanosensing mechanisms to treat vascular diseases. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:873-904, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Abstract
B cells are essential to the adaptive immune system for providing the humoral immunity against cohorts of pathogens. The presentation of antigen to the B cell receptor (BCR) leads to the initiation of B cell activation, which is a process sensitive to the stiffness features of the substrates presenting the antigens. Mechanosensing of the B cells, potentiated through BCR signaling and the adhesion molecules, efficiently regulates B cell activation, proliferation and subsequent antibody responses. Defects in sensing of the antigen-presenting substrates can lead to the activation of autoreactive B cells in autoimmune diseases. The use of high-resolution, high-speed live-cell imaging along with the sophisticated biophysical materials, has uncovered the mechanisms underlying the initiation of B cell activation within seconds of its engagement with the antigen presenting substrates. In this chapter, we reviewed studies that have contributed to uncover the molecular mechanisms of B cell mechanosensing during the initiation of B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Shaheen
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kabeer Haneef
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyue Zeng
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jing
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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24
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Abstract
It is increasingly clear that mechanotransduction pathways play important roles in regulating fundamental cellular functions. Of the basic mechanical functions, the determination of cellular morphology is critical. Cells typically use many mechanosensitive steps and different cell states to achieve a polarized shape through repeated testing of the microenvironment. Indeed, morphology is determined by the microenvironment through periodic activation of motility, mechanotesting, and mechanoresponse functions by hormones, internal clocks, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Patterned substrates and controlled environments with defined rigidities limit the range of cell behavior and influence cell state decisions and are thus very useful for studying these steps. The recently defined rigidity sensing process provides a good example of how cells repeatedly test their microenvironment and is also linked to cancer. In general, aberrant extracellular matrix mechanosensing is associated with numerous conditions, including cardiovascular disease, aging, and fibrosis, that correlate with changes in tissue morphology and matrix composition. Hence, detailed descriptions of the steps involved in sensing and responding to the microenvironment are needed to better understand both the mechanisms of tissue homeostasis and the pathomechanisms of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 31096;
| | - Bo Yang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore;
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; .,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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25
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Esfahani AM, Zhao W, Chen JY, Huang C, Xi N, Xi J, Yang R. On the Measurement of Energy Dissipation of Adhered Cells with the Quartz Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10340-10349. [PMID: 30088414 PMCID: PMC6669898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the finding of a linear correlation between the change of energy dissipation (Δ D) of adhered cells measured with the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and the level of focal adhesions of the cells. To account for this correlation, we have developed a theoretical framework for assessing the Δ D-response of adhered cells. We rationalized that the mechanical energy of an oscillating QCM-D sensor coupled with a cell monolayer is dissipated through three main processes: the interfacial friction through the dynamic restructuring (formation and rupture) of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) bonds, the interfacial viscous damping by the liquid trapped between the QCM-D sensor and the basal membrane of the cell layer, and the intracellular viscous damping through the viscous slip between the cytoplasm and stress fibers as well as among stress fibers themselves. Our modeling study shows that the interfacial viscous damping by the trapped liquid is the primary process for energy dissipation during the early stage of the cell adhesion, whereas the dynamic restructuring of cell-ECM bonds becomes more prevalent during the later stage of the cell adhesion. Our modeling study also establishes a positive linear correlation between the Δ D-response and the level of cell adhesion quantified with the number of cell-ECM bonds, which corroborates our previous experimental finding. This correlation with a wide well-defined linear dynamic range provides a much needed theoretical validation of the dissipation monitoring function of the QCM-D as a powerful quantitative analytical tool for cell study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 48824, United States
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 48824, United States
| | - Jennifer Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Changjin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, HK, China
| | - Jun Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 48824, United States
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26
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Omidvar R, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Mahmoodi-Nobar F, Azadi S, Khani MM. Quantifying effects of cyclic stretch on cell-collagen substrate adhesiveness of vascular endothelial cells. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018; 232:531-541. [PMID: 29609522 DOI: 10.1177/0954411918767477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium is continuously subjected to mechanical stimulation in the form of shear forces due to blood flow as well as tensile forces as a consequence of blood pressure. Such stimuli influence endothelial behavior and regulate cell-tissue interaction for an optimized functionality. This study aimed to quantify influence of cyclic stretch on the adhesive property and stiffness of endothelial cells. The 10% cyclic stretch with frequency of 1 Hz was applied to a layer of endothelial cells cultured on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. Cell-substrate adhesion of endothelial cells was examined by the novel approach of atomic force microscope-based single-cell force spectroscopy and cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the adhesive molecular bonds were evaluated using modified Hertz contact theory. Our results show that overall adhesion of endothelial cells with substrate decreased after cyclic stretch while they became stiffer. Based on the experimental results and theoretical modeling, the decrease in the number of molecular bonds after cyclic stretch was quantified. In conclusion, in vitro cyclic stretch caused alterations in both adhesive capacity and elastic modulus of endothelial cells through mechanotransductive pathways as two major determinants of the function of these cells within the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Omidvar
- 1 Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran.,2 Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg, Schötzerstraße 18, 79104 Freibug, Germany
| | - Mohammad Tafazzoli-Shadpour
- 1 Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Mahmoodi-Nobar
- 1 Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Azadi
- 1 Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- 3 Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,4 Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Erabi St, Yaman St, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Chen Z, Oh D, Dubey AK, Yao M, Yang B, Groves JT, Sheetz M. EGFR family and Src family kinase interactions: mechanics matters? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 51:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Wasik AA, Schiller HB. Functional proteomics of cellular mechanosensing mechanisms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:118-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Takeya M, Okumura Y, Nikawa T. Modulation of cutaneous extracellular collagen contraction by phosphorylation status of p130Cas. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:613-622. [PMID: 27718170 PMCID: PMC10718012 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin can respond to various types of internal and/or external mechanostimuli, such as excessive tension caused by body growth or decompression due to weight loss, which significantly affect skin morphology. Mechanosensors, including p130Cas, are reported to play a role in deformation and subsequent recovery of various tissues including skeletal muscles and blood vessels. However, the role of mechanotransduction via p130Cas in the regulation of skin size remains unclear. In this report, p130Cas activation was manipulated using a fibroblast-embedded collagen gel model or mouse skin contraction model. Inhibition or activation of Src family kinase-mediated phosphorylation of p130Cas significantly depressed and accelerated collagen gel contraction, respectively. The results also demonstrated age-dependent depression of cutaneous p130Cas activation in vivo. Inhibition of p130Cas signaling in our mouse model significantly suppressed recovery from cutaneous deformation. Taken together, our study highlighted the important role of p130Cas in cutaneous mechanotransduction for skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Takeya
- Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kumamoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuushi Okumura
- Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kumamoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women's University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Minami-Ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0383, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kumamoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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30
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Millon-Frémillon A, Aureille J, Guilluy C. Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads. J Vis Exp 2017:55330. [PMID: 28362397 PMCID: PMC5408950 DOI: 10.3791/55330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive cell surface adhesion complexes allow cells to sense the mechanical properties of their surroundings. Recent studies have identified both force-sensing molecules at adhesion sites, and force-dependent transcription factors that regulate lineage-specific gene expression and drive phenotypic outputs. However, the signaling networks converting mechanical tension into biochemical pathways have remained elusive. To explore the signaling pathways engaged upon mechanical tension applied to cell surface receptor, superparamagnetic microbeads can be used. Here we present a protocol for using magnetic beads to apply forces to cell surface adhesion proteins. Using this approach, it is possible to investigate not only force-dependent cytoplasmic signaling pathways by various biochemical approaches, but also adhesion remodeling by magnetic isolation of adhesion complexes attached to the ligand-coated beads. This protocol includes the preparation of ligand-coated superparamagnetic beads, and the application of define tensile forces followed by biochemical analyses. Additionally, we provide a representative sample of data demonstrating that tension applied to integrin-based adhesion triggers adhesion remodeling and alters protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Aureille
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA - INSERM U1209 - CNRS UMR
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA - INSERM U1209 - CNRS UMR;
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31
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Renner DJ, Ewald ML, Kim T, Yamada S. Biochemical analysis of force-sensitive responses using a large-scale cell stretch device. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 11:504-513. [PMID: 28129019 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1276147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical force has emerged as a key regulator of tissue homeostasis, and plays an important role in embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and disease progression. Currently, the details of protein interactions under elevated physical stress are largely missing, therefore, preventing the fundamental, molecular understanding of mechano-transduction. This is in part due to the difficulty isolating large quantities of cell lysates exposed to force-bearing conditions for biochemical analysis. We designed a simple, easy-to-fabricate, large-scale cell stretch device for the analysis of force-sensitive cell responses. Using proximal biotinylation (BioID) analysis or phospho-specific antibodies, we detected force-sensitive biochemical changes in cells exposed to prolonged cyclic substrate stretch. For example, using promiscuous biotin ligase BirA* tagged α-catenin, the biotinylation of myosin IIA increased with stretch, suggesting the close proximity of myosin IIA to α-catenin under a force bearing condition. Furthermore, using phospho-specific antibodies, Akt phosphorylation was reduced upon stretch while Src phosphorylation was unchanged. Interestingly, phosphorylation of GSK3β, a downstream effector of Akt pathway, was also reduced with stretch, while the phosphorylation of other Akt effectors was unchanged. These data suggest that the Akt-GSK3β pathway is force-sensitive. This simple cell stretch device enables biochemical analysis of force-sensitive responses and has potential to uncover molecules underlying mechano-transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick J Renner
- a Biomedical Engineering Department , University of California , Davis, Davis , CA , USA
| | - Makena L Ewald
- a Biomedical Engineering Department , University of California , Davis, Davis , CA , USA
| | - Timothy Kim
- a Biomedical Engineering Department , University of California , Davis, Davis , CA , USA
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- a Biomedical Engineering Department , University of California , Davis, Davis , CA , USA
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32
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Substrate Stiffness Influences Doxorubicin-Induced p53 Activation via ROCK2 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5158961. [PMID: 28191463 PMCID: PMC5278210 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5158961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as stiffness, are involved in the determination of the characteristics of cancer cells, including chemotherapy sensitivity. Resistance to chemotherapy is often linked to dysfunction of tumor suppressor p53; however, it remains elusive whether the ECM microenvironment interferes with p53 activation in cancer cells. Here, we show that, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, extracellular stiffness influences p53 activation induced by the antitumor drug doxorubicin. Cell growth inhibition by doxorubicin was increased in response to ECM rigidity in a p53-dependent manner. The expression of Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) 2, which induces the activation of myosin II, was significantly higher when cells were cultured on stiffer ECM substrates. Knockdown of ROCK2 expression or pharmacological inhibition of ROCK decreased doxorubicin-induced p53 activation. Our results suggest that a soft ECM causes downregulation of ROCK2 expression, which drives resistance to chemotherapy by repressing p53 activation.
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33
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Majeski HE, Yang J. The 2016 John J. Abel Award Lecture: Targeting the Mechanical Microenvironment in Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:744-754. [PMID: 27742780 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Past decades of cancer research have mainly focused on the role of various extracellular and intracellular biochemical signals on cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies suggest an important role of mechanical forces in regulating cellular behaviors. This review first provides an overview of the mechanobiology research field. Then we specially focus on mechanotransduction pathways in cancer progression and describe in detail the key signaling components of such mechanotransduction pathways and extracellular matrix components that are altered in cancer. Although our understanding of mechanoregulation in cancer is still in its infancy, some agents against key mechanoregulators have been developed and will be discussed to explore the potential of pharmacologically targeting mechanotransduction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Majeski
- Department of Pharmacology (H.E.M., J.Y.), Department of Pediatrics (J.Y.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (H.E.M., J.Y.), Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (H.E.M., J.Y.), Department of Pediatrics (J.Y.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (H.E.M., J.Y.), Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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34
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Rossier O, Giannone G. The journey of integrins and partners in a complex interactions landscape studied by super-resolution microscopy and single protein tracking. Exp Cell Res 2016; 343:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Wang Q, Chen B, Cao M, Sun J, Wu H, Zhao P, Xing J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Ji M, Gu N. Response of MAPK pathway to iron oxide nanoparticles in vitro treatment promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Biomaterials 2016; 86:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Zhang X, Hu X, Lei H, Hu J, Zhang Y. Mechanical force-induced polymerization and depolymerization of F-actin at water/solid interfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6008-6013. [PMID: 26928199 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Actin molecules are among the three main cytoskeleton proteins of cells and undergo rapid cycling to regulate critical processes such as endocytosis, cytokinesis, cell polarity, and cell morphogenesis. Although extensive studies have been carried out on the dynamics as well as biological functions of actin polymerization and depolymerization both in vivo and in vitro, the molecular mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical signals are not fully understood. In particular, little attention has been paid to the effect of a physical force that is exerted directly on the actin cytoskeleton. In this paper, we have explored how the mechanical force affects the actin polymerization and depolymerization behaviors at water/solid interfaces using an atomic force microscope (AFM) operated in liquid. By raster scanning an AFM probe on a substrate surface with a certain load, it was found that actin monomers could polymerize into filaments without the help of actin related proteins (ARPs). Further study indicated that actin monomers were inclined to form filaments only under a small scanning load. The polymerized actin filaments would be depolymerized when the mechanical force was stronger. A possible mechanism has been suggested to explain the mechanical force induced actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
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37
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Brenner MD, Zhou R, Conway DE, Lanzano L, Gratton E, Schwartz MA, Ha T. Spider Silk Peptide Is a Compact, Linear Nanospring Ideal for Intracellular Tension Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2096-102. [PMID: 26824190 PMCID: PMC4851340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent development and applications of calibrated, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tension sensors have led to a new understanding of single molecule mechanotransduction in a number of biological systems. To expand the range of accessible forces, we systematically measured FRET versus force trajectories for 25, 40, and 50 amino acid peptide repeats derived from spider silk. Single molecule fluorescence-force spectroscopy showed that the peptides behaved as linear springs instead of the nonlinear behavior expected for a disordered polymer. Our data are consistent with a compact, rodlike structure that measures 0.26 nm per 5 amino acid repeat that can stretch by 500% while maintaining linearity, suggesting that the remarkable elasticity of spider silk proteins may in part derive from the properties of individual chains. We found the shortest peptide to have the widest range of force sensitivity: between 2 pN and 11 pN. Live cell imaging of the three tension sensor constructs inserted into vinculin showed similar force values around 2.4 pN. We also provide a lookup table for force versus intracellular FRET for all three constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Brenner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ruobo Zhou
- Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel E. Conway
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Luca Lanzano
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - E. Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Medicine) and Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Fischer M, Rikeit P, Knaus P, Coirault C. YAP-Mediated Mechanotransduction in Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2016; 7:41. [PMID: 26909043 PMCID: PMC4754448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is not only translating chemical energy into mechanical work, it is also a highly adaptive and regenerative tissue whose architecture and functionality is determined by its mechanical and physical environment. Processing intra- and extracellular mechanical signaling cues contributes to the regulation of cell growth, survival, migration and differentiation. Yes-associated Protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator downstream of the Hippo pathway and its paralog, the transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), were recently found to play a key role in mechanotransduction in various tissues including skeletal muscle. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ modulate myogenesis and muscle regeneration and abnormal YAP activity has been reported in muscular dystrophy and rhabdomyosarcoma. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of mechanosensing and -signaling in striated muscle. We highlight the role of YAP signaling and discuss the different routes and hypotheses of its regulation in the context of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fischer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités Université Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 06Paris, France; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Paul Rikeit
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Coirault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités Université Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 06 Paris, France
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39
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Mechanosensing in cell-matrix adhesions - Converting tension into chemical signals. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:35-41. [PMID: 26518118 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesions have since long been recognized to be critical for the survival and proliferation of cells. In fact, these adhesive structures do not only physically anchor cells, but they also induce vital intracellular signaling at cell-matrix adhesion sites. Recent progress in the cell adhesion field is now starting to provide data and ideas how this so far enigmatic signaling process is induced and regulated by intracellular acto-myosin tension, or stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Understanding how cells are using this mechanosignaling system will be key to control biological processes such as development, cancer growth, metastasis formation and tissue regeneration. In this review, we illustrate and discuss the mechanosignaling mechanisms important in the regulation of cell-matrix adhesions at the molecular level.
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Geng Y, Wang Z. Review of cellular mechanotransduction on micropost substrates. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 54:249-71. [PMID: 26245253 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As physical entities, living cells can sense and respond to various stimulations within and outside the body through cellular mechanotransduction. Any deviation in cellular mechanotransduction will not only undermine the orchestrated regulation of mechanical responses, but also lead to the breakdown of their physiological function. Therefore, a quantitative study of cellular mechanotransduction needs to be conducted both in experiments and in computational simulations to investigate the underlying mechanisms of cellular mechanotransduction. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge and significant progress in cellular mechanotransduction via micropost substrates. In the aspect of experimental studies, we summarize significant experimental progress and place an emphasis on the coupled relationship among cellular spreading, focal adhesion and contractility as well as the influence of substrate properties on force-involved cellular behaviors. In the other aspect of computational investigations, we outline a coupled framework including the biochemically motivated stress fiber model and thermodynamically motivated adhesion model and present their predicted biomechanical responses and then compare predicted simulation results with experimental observations to further explore the mechanisms of cellular mechanotransduction. At last, we discuss the future perspectives both in experimental technologies and in computational models, as well as facing challenges in the area of cellular mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhanjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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42
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Model of cellular mechanotransduction via actin stress fibers. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 15:331-44. [PMID: 26081725 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stresses due to blood flow regulate vascular endothelial cell structure and function and play a key role in arterial physiology and pathology. In particular, the development of atherosclerosis has been shown to correlate with regions of disturbed blood flow where endothelial cells are round and have a randomly organized cytoskeleton. Thus, deciphering the relation between the mechanical environment, cell structure, and cell function is a key step toward understanding the early development of atherosclerosis. Recent experiments have demonstrated very rapid (∼100 ms) and long-distance (∼10 μm) cellular mechanotransduction in which prestressed actin stress fibers play a critical role. Here, we develop a model of mechanical signal transmission within a cell by describing strains in a network of prestressed viscoelastic stress fibers following the application of a force to the cell surface. We find force transmission dynamics that are consistent with experimental results. We also show that the extent of stress fiber alignment and the direction of the applied force relative to this alignment are key determinants of the efficiency of mechanical signal transmission. These results are consistent with the link observed experimentally between cytoskeletal organization, mechanical stress, and cellular responsiveness to stress. Based on these results, we suggest that mechanical strain of actin stress fibers under force constitutes a key link in the mechanotransduction chain.
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43
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Pemberton GD, Childs P, Reid S, Nikukar H, Tsimbouri PM, Gadegaard N, Curtis ASG, Dalby MJ. Nanoscale stimulation of osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells: nanotopography and nanokicking. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:547-60. [PMID: 25723089 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have large regenerative potential to replace damaged cells from several tissues along the mesodermal lineage. The potency of these cells promises to change the longer term prognosis for many degenerative conditions currently suffered by our aging population. We have endeavored to demonstrate our ability to induce osteoblatogenesis in MSCs using high-frequency (1000-5000 Hz) piezo-driven nanodisplacements (16-30 nm displacements) in a vertical direction. MATERIALS & METHODS Osteoblastogenesis has been determined by the upregulation of osteoblasic genes such as osteonectin (ONN), RUNX2 and Osterix, assessed via quantitative real-time PCR; the increase of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) at the protein level and the deposition of calcium phosphate determined by histological staining. RESULTS Intriguingly, we have observed a relationship between nanotopography and piezo-stimulated mechanotransduction and possibly see evidence of two differing osteogenic mechanisms at work. These data provide confidence in nanomechanotransduction for stem cell differentiation without dependence on soluble factors and complex chemistries. CONCLUSION In the future it is envisaged that this technology may have beneficial therapeutic applications in the healthcare industry, for conditions whose overall phenotype maybe characterized by weak or damaged bones (e.g., osteoporosis and bone fractures), and which can benefit from having an increased number of osteoblastic cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Pemberton
- Centre for cell Engineering, Institute for Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciencies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Yano H, Choudhury ME, Islam A, Kobayashi K, Tanaka J. Cellular mechanotransduction of physical force and organ response to exercise-induced mechanical stimuli. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.4.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mohammed E Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Afsana Islam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kana Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
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Molladavoodi S, Kwon HJ, Medley J, Gorbet M. Human corneal epithelial cell response to substrate stiffness. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:324-32. [PMID: 25305512 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that mechanical stimulus can affect cellular behavior. While induced differentiation in stem cells and proliferation and directional migration in fibroblasts are reported as responses to mechanical stimuli, little is known about the response of cells from the cornea. In the present study, we investigated whether changes in substrate stiffness (measured by elastic modulus) affected the behavior of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Polyacrylamide substrates with different elastic moduli (compliant, medium and stiff) were prepared and HCECs were cultured on them. HCECs responses, including cell viability, apoptosis, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, integrin-α3β1 expression and changes in cytoskeleton structure (actin fibers) and migratory behavior, were studied. No statistically significant cell activation, as measured by ICAM-1 expression, was observed. However, on compliant substrates, a higher number of cells were found to be apoptotic and disrupted actin fibers were observed. Furthermore, cells displayed a statistically significant lower migration speed on compliant substrates when compared with the stiffer substrates. Thus, corneal epithelial cells respond to changes in substrate stiffness, which may have implications in the understanding and perhaps treatment of corneal diseases, such as keratoconus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molladavoodi
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hyock-Ju Kwon
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John Medley
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Iskratsch T, Wolfenson H, Sheetz MP. Appreciating force and shape—the rise of mechanotransduction in cell biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:825-33. [PMID: 25355507 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the shapes of organisms are encoded in their genome, the developmental processes that lead to the final form of vertebrates involve a constant feedback between dynamic mechanical forces, and cell growth and motility. Mechanobiology has emerged as a discipline dedicated to the study of the effects of mechanical forces and geometry on cell growth and motility—for example, during cell-matrix adhesion development—through the signalling process of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Iskratsch
- 1] Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA. [2]
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- 1] Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA. [2]
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, and the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA
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Tijore A, Hariharan S, Yu H, Lam CRI, Wen F, Tay CY, Ahmed S, Tan LP. Investigating the spatial distribution of integrin β₁ in patterned human mesenchymal stem cells using super-resolution imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15686-15696. [PMID: 25153694 DOI: 10.1021/am504407n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lineage commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) could be directed through micro/nanopatterning of the extracellular matrix (ECM) between cells and substrate. Integrin receptors, integrator of the ECM and cell cytoskeleton, function as molecular bridges linking cells to different biophysical cues translated from patterned ECM. Here we report the distinct recruitment of active integrin β1 (ITG-β1) in hMSCs when they were committed toward the cardiomyogenic lineage on a micropatterned surface. In addition, a systematic study of the distribution of ITG-β1 was performed on focal adhesions (FAs) using a direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) technique, a super-resolution imaging technique to establish the relationship between types of integrin expression and its distribution pattern that are associated with cardiomyogenic differentiation of hMSCs. We ascertained that elongated FAs of ITG-β1 expressed in patterned hMSCs were more prominent than FAs expressed in unpatterned hMSCs. However, there was no significant difference observed between the widths of FAs from both experimental groups. It was found in patterned hMSCs that the direction of FA elongation coincides with cell orientation. This phenomenon was however not observed in unpatterned hMSCs. These results showed that the biophysical induction methods like FAs patterning could selectively induce hMSCs lineage commitment via integrin-material interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Tijore
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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Morin TR, Ghassem-Zadeh SA, Lee J. Traction force microscopy in rapidly moving cells reveals separate roles for ROCK and MLCK in the mechanics of retraction. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:280-94. [PMID: 24786318 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Retraction is a major rate-limiting step in cell motility, particularly in slow moving cell types that form large stable adhesions. Myosin II dependent contractile forces are thought to facilitate detachment by physically pulling up the rear edge. However, retraction can occur in the absence of myosin II activity in cell types that form small labile adhesions. To investigate the role of contractile force generation in retraction, we performed traction force microscopy during the movement of fish epithelial keratocytes. By correlating changes in local traction stress at the rear with the area retracted, we identified four distinct modes of retraction. "Recoil" retractions are preceded by a rise in local traction stress, while rear edge is temporarily stuck, followed by a sharp drop in traction stress upon detachment. This retraction type was most common in cells generating high average traction stress. In "pull" type retractions local traction stress and area retracted increase concomitantly. This was the predominant type of retraction in keratocytes and was observed mostly in cells generating low average traction stress. "Continuous" type retractions occur without any detectable change in traction stress, and are seen in cells generating low average traction stress. In contrast, to many other cell types, "release" type retractions occur in keratocytes following a decrease in local traction stress. Our identification of distinct modes of retraction suggests that contractile forces may play different roles in detachment that are related to rear adhesion strength. To determine how the regulation of contractility via MLCK or Rho kinase contributes to the mechanics of detachment, inhibitors were used to block or augment these pathways. Modulation of MLCK activity led to the most rapid change in local traction stress suggesting its importance in regulating attachment strength. Surprisingly, Rho kinase was not required for detachment, but was essential for localizing retraction to the rear. We suggest that in keratocytes MLCK and Rho kinase play distinct, complementary roles in the respective temporal and spatial control of rear detachment that is essential for maintaining rapid motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Morin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sean A Ghassem-Zadeh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Juliet Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Mechanical activation of vinculin binding to talin locks talin in an unfolded conformation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4610. [PMID: 24714394 PMCID: PMC3980218 DOI: 10.1038/srep04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The force-dependent interaction between talin and vinculin plays a crucial role in the initiation and growth of focal adhesions. Here we use magnetic tweezers to characterise the mechano-sensitive compact N-terminal region of the talin rod, and show that the three helical bundles R1–R3 in this region unfold in three distinct steps consistent with the domains unfolding independently. Mechanical stretching of talin R1–R3 enhances its binding to vinculin and vinculin binding inhibits talin refolding after force is released. Mutations that stabilize R3 identify it as the initial mechano-sensing domain in talin, unfolding at ∼5 pN, suggesting that 5 pN is the force threshold for vinculin binding and adhesion progression.
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Plasticity in the macromolecular-scale causal networks of cell migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90593. [PMID: 24587399 PMCID: PMC3938764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous and dynamic single cell migration behaviours arise from a complex multi-scale signalling network comprising both molecular components and macromolecular modules, among which cell-matrix adhesions and F-actin directly mediate migration. To date, the global wiring architecture characterizing this network remains poorly defined. It is also unclear whether such a wiring pattern may be stable and generalizable to different conditions, or plastic and context dependent. Here, synchronous imaging-based quantification of migration system organization, represented by 87 morphological and dynamic macromolecular module features, and migration system behaviour, i.e., migration speed, facilitated Granger causality analysis. We thereby leveraged natural cellular heterogeneity to begin mapping the directionally specific causal wiring between organizational and behavioural features of the cell migration system. This represents an important advance on commonly used correlative analyses that do not resolve causal directionality. We identified organizational features such as adhesion stability and adhesion F-actin content that, as anticipated, causally influenced cell migration speed. Strikingly, we also found that cell speed can exert causal influence over organizational features, including cell shape and adhesion complex location, thus revealing causality in directions contradictory to previous expectations. Importantly, by comparing unperturbed and signalling-modulated cells, we provide proof-of-principle that causal interaction patterns are in fact plastic and context dependent, rather than stable and generalizable.
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