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Mackrill JJ. Non-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor IP3-binding proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119470. [PMID: 37011730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally, myo-D-inositol 1, 4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is thought to exert its second messenger effects through the gating of IP3R Ca2+ release channels, located in Ca2+-storage organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum. However, there is considerable indirect evidence to support the concept that IP3 might interact with other, non-IP3R proteins within cells. To explore this possibility further, the Protein Data Bank was searched using the term "IP3". This resulted in the retrieval of 203 protein structures, the majority of which were members of the IP3R/ryanodine receptor superfamily of channels. Only 49 of these structures were complexed with IP3. These were inspected for their ability to interact with the carbon-1 phosphate of IP3, since this is the least accessible phosphate group of its precursor, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). This reduced the number of structures retrieved to 35, of which 9 were IP3Rs. The remaining 26 structures represent a diverse range of proteins, including inositol-lipid metabolizing enzymes, signal transducers, PH domain containing proteins, cytoskeletal anchor proteins, the TRPV4 ion channel, a retroviral Gag protein and fibroblast growth factor 2. Such proteins may impact on IP3 signalling and its effects on cell-biology. This represents an area open for exploration in the field of IP3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John James Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland.
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2
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Jahan A, Akter MT, Takemoto K, Oura T, Shitara A, Semba S, Nezu A, Suto S, Nagai T, Tanimura A. Insertion of circularly permuted cyan fluorescent protein into the ligand-binding domain of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor for enhanced FRET upon binding of fluorescent ligand. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102668. [PMID: 36335765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Binding of fluorescent ligand (FL) to the cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-coupled ligand-binding domain of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (CFP-LBP) produces fluorescence (Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET). A competitive fluorescent ligand assay (CFLA), using the FRET signal from competition between FLs and IP3, can measure IP3 concentration. The FRET signal should be enhanced by attaching a FRET donor to an appropriate position. Herein, we inserted five different circularly permuted CFPs in the loop between the second and third α-helices to generate membrane-targeted fluorescent ligand-binding proteins (LBPs). Two such proteins, LBP-cpC157 and LBP-cpC173, localized at the plasma membrane, displayed FRET upon binding the high-affinity ligand fluorescent adenophostin A (F-ADA), and exhibited a decreased fluorescence emission ratio (480 nm / 535 nm) by 1.6- to 1.8-fold that of CFP-LBP. In addition, binding of a fluorescent low-affinity ligand (F-LL) also reduced the fluorescence ratio in a concentration-dependent manner, with EC50 values for LBP-cpC157 and LBP-cpC173 of 34.7 nM and 27.6 nM, respectively. These values are comparable to that with CFP-LBP (29.2 nM), indicating that insertion of cpC157 and cpC173 did not disrupt LBP structure and function. The effect of 100 nM F-LL on the decrease in fluorescence ratio was reversed upon addition of IP3, indicating binding competition between F-LL and IP3. We also constructed cytoplasmic fluorescent proteins cyLBP-cpC157 and cyLBP-cpC173, and bound them to DYK beads for imaging analyses. Application of F-ADA decreased the fluorescence ratio of the beads from the periphery to the center over 3 - 5 min. Application of F-LL also decreased the fluorescence ratio of cyLBP-cpC157 and cyLBP-cpC173 by 20-25%, and subsequent addition of IP3 recovered the fluorescence ratio in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC50 value and Hill coefficient obtained by curve fitting against the IP3-dependent recovery of fluorescence ratio can be used to estimate the IP3 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmeree Jahan
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mst Tahmina Akter
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Takemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Tai Oura
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akiko Shitara
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shingo Semba
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nezu
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suto
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tanimura
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Li Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Q, Zhang L. The distinctive role of menthol in pain and analgesia: Mechanisms, practices, and advances. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1006908. [PMID: 36277488 PMCID: PMC9580369 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1006908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Menthol is an important flavoring additive that triggers a cooling sensation. Under physiological condition, low to moderate concentrations of menthol activate transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) in the primary nociceptors, such as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion, generating a cooling sensation, whereas menthol at higher concentration could induce cold allodynia, and cold hyperalgesia mediated by TRPM8 sensitization. In addition, the paradoxical irritating properties of high concentrations of menthol is associated with its activation of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1). Under pathological situation, menthol activates TRPM8 to attenuate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia following nerve injury or chemical stimuli. Recent reports have recapitulated the requirement of central group II/III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) with endogenous κ-opioid signaling pathways for menthol analgesia. Additionally, blockage of sodium channels and calcium influx is a determinant step after menthol exposure, suggesting the possibility of menthol for pain management. In this review, we will also discuss and summarize the advances in menthol-related drugs for pathological pain treatment in clinical trials, especially in neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, cancer pain and postoperative pain, with the aim to find the promising therapeutic candidates for the resolution of pain to better manage patients with pain in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Li
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Qing Li,
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Zhang,
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Hirrlinger J, Nimmerjahn A. A perspective on astrocyte regulation of neural circuit function and animal behavior. Glia 2022; 70:1554-1580. [PMID: 35297525 PMCID: PMC9291267 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have demonstrated that astrocytes are tightly associated with neurons and play pivotal roles in neural circuit development, operation, and adaptation in health and disease. Nevertheless, precisely how astrocytes integrate diverse neuronal signals, modulate neural circuit structure and function at multiple temporal and spatial scales, and influence animal behavior or disease through aberrant excitation and molecular output remains unclear. This Perspective discusses how new and state-of-the-art approaches, including fluorescence indicators, opto- and chemogenetic actuators, genetic targeting tools, quantitative behavioral assays, and computational methods, might help resolve these longstanding questions. It also addresses complicating factors in interpreting astrocytes' role in neural circuit regulation and animal behavior, such as their heterogeneity, metabolism, and inter-glial communication. Research on these questions should provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of astrocyte-neuron assemblies' role in neural circuit function, complex behaviors, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty,
University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for
Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
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Mikolajewicz N, Smith D, Komarova SV, Khadra A. High-affinity P2Y2 and low-affinity P2X7 receptor interaction modulates ATP-mediated calcium signaling in murine osteoblasts. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008872. [PMID: 34153025 PMCID: PMC8248741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2 purinergic receptor family implicated in many physiological processes, including neurotransmission, mechanical adaptation and inflammation, consists of ATP-gated non-specific cation channels P2XRs and G-protein coupled receptors P2YRs. Different cells, including bone forming osteoblasts, express multiple P2 receptors; however, how P2X and P2Y receptors interact in generating cellular responses to various doses of [ATP] remains poorly understood. Using primary bone marrow and compact bone derived osteoblasts and BMP2-expressing C2C12 osteoblastic cells, we demonstrated conserved features in the P2-mediated Ca2+ responses to ATP, including a transition of Ca2+ response signatures from transient at low [ATP] to oscillatory at moderate [ATP], and back to transient at high [ATP], and a non-monotonic changes in the response magnitudes which exhibited two troughs at 10-4 and 10-2 M [ATP]. We identified P2Y2 and P2X7 receptors as predominantly contributing to these responses and constructed a mathematical model of P2Y2R-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP3) mediated Ca2+ release coupled to a Markov model of P2X7R dynamics to study this system. Model predictions were validated using parental and CRISPR/Cas9-generated P2Y2 and P2Y7 knockouts in osteoblastic C2C12-BMP cells. Activation of P2Y2 by progressively increasing [ATP] induced a transition from transient to oscillatory to transient Ca2+ responses due to the biphasic nature of IP3Rs and the interaction of SERCA pumps with IP3Rs. At high [ATP], activation of P2X7R modulated the response magnitudes through an interplay between the biphasic nature of IP3Rs and the desensitization kinetics of P2X7Rs. Moreover, we found that P2Y2 activity may alter the kinetics of P2X7 towards favouring naïve state activation. Finally, we demonstrated the functional consequences of lacking P2Y2 or P2X7 in osteoblast mechanotransduction. This study thus provides important insights into the biophysical mechanisms underlying ATP-dependent Ca2+ response signatures, which are important in mediating bone mechanoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Delaney Smith
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Svetlana V. Komarova
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Ion channel are embedded in the lipid bilayers of biological membranes. Membrane phospholipids constitute a barrier to ion movement, and they have been considered for a long time as a passive environment for channel proteins. Membrane phospholipids, however, do not only serve as a passive amphipathic environment, but they also modulate channel activity by direct specific lipid-protein interactions. Phosphoinositides are quantitatively minor components of biological membranes, and they play roles in many cellular functions, including membrane traffic, cellular signaling and cytoskeletal organization. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is mainly found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Its role as a potential ion channel regulator was first appreciated over two decades ago and by now this lipid is a well-established cofactor or regulator of many different ion channels. The past two decades witnessed the steady development of techniques to study ion channel regulation by phosphoinositides with progress culminating in recent cryoEM structures that allowed visualization of how PI(4,5)P2 opens some ion channels. This chapter will provide an overview of the methods to study regulation by phosphoinositides, focusing on plasma membrane ion channels and PI(4,5)P2.
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Gaspers LD, Thomas AP, Hoek JB, Bartlett PJ. Ethanol Disrupts Hormone-Induced Calcium Signaling in Liver. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab002. [PMID: 33604575 PMCID: PMC7875097 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-coupled phospholipase C (PLC) is an important target for the actions of ethanol. In the ex vivo perfused rat liver, concentrations of ethanol >100 mM were required to induce a rise in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) suggesting that these responses may only occur after binge ethanol consumption. Conversely, pharmacologically achievable concentrations of ethanol (≤30 mM) decreased the frequency and magnitude of hormone-stimulated cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ oscillations and the parallel translocation of protein kinase C-β to the membrane. Ethanol also inhibited gap junction communication resulting in the loss of coordinated and spatially organized intercellular Ca2+ waves in hepatic lobules. Increasing the hormone concentration overcame the effects of ethanol on the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations and amplitude of the individual Ca2+ transients; however, the Ca2+ responses in the intact liver remained disorganized at the intercellular level, suggesting that gap junctions were still inhibited. Pretreating hepatocytes with an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor suppressed the effects of ethanol on hormone-induced Ca2+ increases, whereas inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase potentiated the inhibitory actions of ethanol, suggesting that acetaldehyde is the underlying mediator. Acute ethanol intoxication inhibited the rate of rise and the magnitude of hormone-stimulated production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), but had no effect on the size of Ca2+ spikes induced by photolysis of caged IP3. These findings suggest that ethanol inhibits PLC activity, but does not affect IP3 receptor function. We propose that by suppressing hormone-stimulated PLC activity, ethanol interferes with the dynamic modulation of [IP3] that is required to generate large, amplitude Ca2+ oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Gaspers
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA,Address correspondence to L.D.G. (e-mail: )
| | - Andrew P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Paula J Bartlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Matsu-Ura T, Shirakawa H, Suzuki KGN, Miyamoto A, Sugiura K, Michikawa T, Kusumi A, Mikoshiba K. Dual-FRET imaging of IP 3 and Ca 2+ revealed Ca 2+-induced IP 3 production maintains long lasting Ca 2+ oscillations in fertilized mouse eggs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4829. [PMID: 30886280 PMCID: PMC6423007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In most species, fertilization induces Ca2+ transients in the egg. In mammals, the Ca2+ rises are triggered by phospholipase Cζ (PLCζ) released from the sperm; IP3 generated by PLCζ induces Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ store through IP3 receptor, termed IP3-induced Ca2+ release. Here, we developed new fluorescent IP3 sensors (IRIS-2s) with the wider dynamic range and higher sensitivity (Kd = 0.047-1.7 μM) than that we developed previously. IRIS-2s employed green fluorescent protein and Halo-protein conjugated with the tetramethylrhodamine ligand as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor and acceptor, respectively. For simultaneous imaging of Ca2+ and IP3, using IRIS-2s as the IP3 sensor, we developed a new single fluorophore Ca2+ sensor protein, DYC3.60. With IRIS-2s and DYC3.60, we found that, right after fertilization, IP3 concentration ([IP3]) starts to increase before the onset of the first Ca2+ wave. [IP3] stayed at the elevated level with small peaks followed after Ca2+ spikes through Ca2+ oscillations. We detected delays in the peak of [IP3] compared to the peak of each Ca2+ spike, suggesting that Ca2+-induced regenerative IP3 production through PLC produces small [IP3] rises to maintain [IP3] over the basal level, which results in long lasting Ca2+ oscillations in fertilized eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Matsu-Ura
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Brain Sciences, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideki Shirakawa
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Brain Sciences, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kotomi Sugiura
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takayuki Michikawa
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Optics Research, Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Brain Sciences, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shnjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Greenwald EC, Mehta S, Zhang J. Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors Illuminate the Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling Networks. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11707-11794. [PMID: 30550275 PMCID: PMC7462118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over 25 years ago enabled the development of a diverse array of genetically encodable fluorescent biosensors that are capable of measuring the spatiotemporal dynamics of signal transduction pathways in live cells. In an effort to encapsulate the breadth over which fluorescent biosensors have expanded, we endeavored to assemble a comprehensive list of published engineered biosensors, and we discuss many of the molecular designs utilized in their development. Then, we review how the high temporal and spatial resolution afforded by fluorescent biosensors has aided our understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation of signaling networks at the cellular and subcellular level. Finally, we highlight some emerging areas of research in both biosensor design and applications that are on the forefront of biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Greenwald
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
| | - Sohum Mehta
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
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Tanimura A, Nezu A, Morita T, Murata K. [Advances in methods for analyzing IP 3 signaling and understanding of coupled Ca 2+ and IP 3 oscillations]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2018; 152:21-27. [PMID: 29998948 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.152.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is an important intracellular messenger produced by phospholipase C via the activation of G-protein-coupled receptor- or receptor-tyrosine-kinase-mediated pathways, and is involved in numerous responses to hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors through the releases of Ca2+ from intracellular stores via IP3 receptors. IP3-mediated Ca2+ signals often exhibit complex spatial and temporal organizations, such as Ca2+ oscillations. Recently, new methods have become available to measure IP3 concentration ([IP3]) using AlphaScreen technology, fluorescence polarization, and competitive ligand binding assay (CFLA). These methods are useful for the high throughput screening in drug discovery. Calcium ions generate versatile intracellular signals such as Ca2+ oscillations and waves. Fluorescent sensors molecules to monitor changes in [IP3] in single living cells are crucial to study the mechanism for the spatially and temporally regulated Ca2+ signals. In particular, FRET-based IP3 sensors are useful for the quantitative monitoring intracellular [IP3], and allowed to uncovered the oscillatory IP3 dynamics in association with Ca2+ oscillations. A mathematical model of coupled Ca2+ and IP3 oscillations predicts that Ca2+ oscillations are the result of modulation of the IP3 receptor by intracellular Ca2+, and that the period is modulated by the accompanying IP3 oscillations. These model predictions have also been confirmed experimentally. At present, however, usefulness of FRET-based IP3 sensors are limited by their relatively small change in fluorescence. Development of novel IP3 sensors with improve dynamic range would be important for understanding the regulatory mechanism of Ca2+ signaling and for in vivo IP3 imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tanimura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Akihiro Nezu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Takao Morita
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Kaori Murata
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Constitutive IP 3 signaling underlies the sensitivity of B-cell cancers to the Bcl-2/IP 3 receptor disruptor BIRD-2. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:531-547. [PMID: 29899382 PMCID: PMC6370760 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are upregulated in different cancers, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), enabling survival by inhibiting pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+-signaling. A peptide tool (Bcl-2/IP3R Disruptor-2; BIRD-2) was developed to abrogate the interaction of Bcl-2 with IP3Rs by targeting Bcl-2′s BH4 domain. BIRD-2 triggers cell death in primary CLL cells and in DLBCL cell lines. Particularly, DLBCL cells with high levels of IP3R2 were sensitive to BIRD-2. Here, we report that BIRD-2-induced cell death in DLBCL cells does not only depend on high IP3R2-expression levels, but also on constitutive IP3 signaling, downstream of the tonically active B-cell receptor. The basal Ca2+ level in SU-DHL-4 DLBCL cells was significantly elevated due to the constitutive IP3 production. This constitutive IP3 signaling fulfilled a pro-survival role, since inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) using U73122 (2.5 µM) caused cell death in SU-DHL-4 cells. Milder inhibition of IP3 signaling using a lower U73122 concentration (1 µM) or expression of an IP3 sponge suppressed both BIRD-2-induced Ca2+ elevation and apoptosis in SU-DHL-4 cells. Basal PLC/IP3 signaling also fulfilled a pro-survival role in other DLBCL cell lines, including Karpas 422, RI-1 and SU-DHL-6 cells, whereas PLC inhibition protected these cells against BIRD-2-evoked apoptosis. Finally, U73122 treatment also suppressed BIRD-2-induced cell death in primary CLL, both in unsupported systems and in co-cultures with CD40L-expressing fibroblasts. Thus, constitutive IP3 signaling in lymphoma and leukemia cells is not only important for cancer cell survival, but also represents a vulnerability, rendering cancer cells dependent on Bcl-2 to limit IP3R activity. BIRD-2 seems to switch constitutive IP3 signaling from pro-survival into pro-death, presenting a plausible therapeutic strategy.
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Boss C, Bouche N, De Marchi U. Encapsulated Optically Responsive Cell Systems: Toward Smart Implants in Biomedicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701148. [PMID: 29283209 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Managing increasingly prevalent chronic diseases will require close continuous monitoring of patients. Cell-based biosensors may be used for implantable diagnostic systems to monitor health status. Cells are indeed natural sensors in the body. Functional cellular systems can be maintained in the body for long-term implantation using cell encapsulation technology. By taking advantage of recent progress in miniaturized optoelectronic systems, the genetic engineering of optically responsive cells may be combined with cell encapsulation to generate smart implantable cell-based sensing systems. In biomedical research, cell-based biosensors may be used to study cell signaling, therapeutic effects, and dosing of bioactive molecules in preclinical models. Today, a wide variety of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors have been developed for real-time imaging of living cells. Here, recent developments in genetically encoded sensors, cell encapsulation, and ultrasmall optical systems are highlighted. The integration of these components in a new generation of biosensors is creating innovative smart in vivo cell-based systems, bringing novel perspectives for biomedical research and ultimately allowing unique health monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Boss
- Device EngineeringNestlé Institute of Health Sciences EPFL Innovation Park Lausanne CH‐1015 Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bouche
- Device EngineeringNestlé Institute of Health Sciences EPFL Innovation Park Lausanne CH‐1015 Switzerland
| | - Umberto De Marchi
- Mitochondrial FunctionNestlé Institute of Health Sciences EPFL Innovation Park Lausanne CH‐1015 Switzerland
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Pecenin MF, Borges-Pereira L, Levano-Garcia J, Budu A, Alves E, Mikoshiba K, Thomas A, Garcia CRS. Blocking IP 3 signal transduction pathways inhibits melatonin-induced Ca 2+ signals and impairs P. falciparum development and proliferation in erythrocytes. Cell Calcium 2018; 72:81-90. [PMID: 29748136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) signaling plays a crucial role in a wide range of eukaryotic processes. In Plasmodium falciparum, IP3 elicits Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, even though no IP3 receptor homolog has been identified to date. The human host hormone melatonin plays a key role in entraining the P. falciparum life cycle in the intraerythrocytic stages, apparently through an IP3-dependent Ca2+ signal. The melatonin-induced cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) increase and malaria cell cycle can be blocked by the IP3 receptor blocker 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB). However, 2-APB also inhibits store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Therefore, we have used two novel 2-APB derivatives, DPB162-AE and DPB163-AE, which are 100-fold more potent than 2-APB in blocking SOCE in mammalian cells, and appear to act by interfering with clustering of STIM proteins. In the present work we report that DPB162-AE and DPB163-AE block the [Ca2+]cyt rise in response to melatonin in P. falciparum, but only at high concentrations. These compounds also block SOCE in the parasite at similarly high concentrations suggesting that P. falciparum SOCE is not activated in the same way as in mammalian cells. We further find that DPB162-AE and DPB163-AE affect the development of the intraerythrocytic parasites and invasion of new red blood cells. Our efforts to episomally express proteins that compete with native IP3 receptor like IP3-sponge and an IP3 sensor such as IRIS proved to be lethal to P. falciparum during intraerythrocytic cycle. The present findings point to an important role of IP3-induced Ca2+ release in intraerythrocytic stage of P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Fila Pecenin
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sinalização Celular Patógeno-Hospedeiro (NUSCEP) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Borges-Pereira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sinalização Celular Patógeno-Hospedeiro (NUSCEP) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Levano-Garcia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sinalização Celular Patógeno-Hospedeiro (NUSCEP) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Budu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Lab. for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Andrew Thomas
- New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Celia R S Garcia
- New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sinalização Celular Patógeno-Hospedeiro (NUSCEP) Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cyclic AMP Recruits a Discrete Intracellular Ca 2+ Store by Unmasking Hypersensitive IP 3 Receptors. Cell Rep 2017; 18:711-722. [PMID: 28099849 PMCID: PMC5276804 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the response is potentiated by 3′,5′-cyclic AMP (cAMP). We investigated this interaction in HEK293 cells using carbachol and parathyroid hormone (PTH) to stimulate formation of IP3 and cAMP, respectively. PTH alone had no effect on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, but it potentiated the Ca2+ signals evoked by carbachol. Surprisingly, however, the intracellular Ca2+ stores that respond to carbachol alone could be both emptied and refilled without affecting the subsequent response to PTH. We provide evidence that PTH unmasks high-affinity IP3 receptors within a discrete Ca2+ store. We conclude that Ca2+ stores within the ER that dynamically exchange Ca2+ with the cytosol maintain a functional independence that allows one store to be released by carbachol and another to be released by carbachol with PTH. Compartmentalization of ER Ca2+ stores adds versatility to IP3-evoked Ca2+ signals. Cyclic AMP directly potentiates IP3-evoked Ca2+ release The Ca2+ stores released by IP3 alone or IP3 with cAMP are functionally independent Cyclic AMP unmasks high-affinity IP3 receptors in a discrete ER Ca2+ store Independent regulation of discrete Ca2+ stores increases signaling versatility
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Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are essential tools in modern biological research, and recent advances in fluorescent proteins (FPs) have expanded the scope of sensor design and implementation. In this review we compare different sensor platforms, including Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors, fluorescence-modulated single FP-based sensors, translocation sensors, complementation sensors, and dimerization-based sensors. We discuss elements of sensor design and engineering for each platform, including the incorporation of new types of FPs and sensor screening techniques. Finally, we summarize the wide range of sensors in the literature, exploring creative new sensor architectures suitable for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Sanford
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Amy Palmer
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
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16
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Han JM, Tanimura A, Kirk V, Sneyd J. A mathematical model of calcium dynamics in HSY cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005275. [PMID: 28199326 PMCID: PMC5310762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is an essential part of activities such as speaking, masticating and swallowing. Enzymes in salivary fluid protect teeth and gums from infectious diseases, and also initiate the digestion process. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in saliva secretion and regulation. Experimental measurements of Ca2+ and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) concentrations in HSY cells, a human salivary duct cell line, show that when the cells are stimulated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or carbachol (CCh), they exhibit coupled oscillations with Ca2+ spike peaks preceding IP3 spike peaks. Based on these data, we construct a mathematical model of coupled Ca2+ and IP3 oscillations in HSY cells and perform model simulations of three different experimental settings to forecast Ca2+ responses. The model predicts that when Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space is removed, oscillations gradually slow down until they stop. The model simulation of applying a pulse of IP3 predicts that photolysis of caged IP3 causes a transient increase in the frequency of the Ca2+ oscillations. Lastly, when Ca2+-dependent activation of PLC is inhibited, we see an increase in the oscillation frequency and a decrease in the amplitude. These model predictions are confirmed by experimental data. We conclude that, although concentrations of Ca2+ and IP3 oscillate, Ca2+ oscillations in HSY cells are the result of modulation of the IP3 receptor by intracellular Ca2+, and that the period is modulated by the accompanying IP3 oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Han
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Akihiko Tanimura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Vivien Kirk
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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17
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Fiedler BL, Van Buskirk S, Carter KP, Qin Y, Carpenter MC, Palmer AE, Jimenez R. Droplet Microfluidic Flow Cytometer For Sorting On Transient Cellular Responses Of Genetically-Encoded Sensors. Anal Chem 2017; 89:711-719. [PMID: 27959493 PMCID: PMC6019271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors are important measurement tools for in vivo quantification of pH, concentrations of metal ions and other analytes, and physical parameters such as membrane potential. Both the development of these sensors and their implementation in examining cellular heterogeneity requires technology for measuring and sorting cells based on the fluorescence levels before and after chemical or physical perturbations. We developed a droplet microfluidic platform for the screening and separation of cell populations on the basis of the in vivo response of expressed fluorescence-based biosensors after addition of an exogenous analyte. We demonstrate the capability to resolve the responses of two genetically encoded Zn2+ sensors at a range of time points spanning several seconds and subsequently sort a mixed-cell population of varying ratios with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett L. Fiedler
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309
| | | | - Kyle P. Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
| | - Margaret C. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Amy E. Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Ralph Jimenez
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309
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19
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Miyamoto A, Mikoshiba K. Probes for manipulating and monitoring IP 3. Cell Calcium 2016; 64:57-64. [PMID: 27887748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is an important second messenger produced via G-protein-coupled receptor- or receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated pathways. IP3 levels induce Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via IP3 receptor (IP3R) located in the ER membrane. The resultant spatiotemporal pattern of Ca2+ signals regulates diverse cellular functions, including fertilization, gene expression, synaptic plasticity, and cell death. Therefore, monitoring and manipulating IP3 levels is important to elucidate not only the functions of IP3-mediated pathways but also the encoding mechanism of IP3R as a converter of intracellular signals from IP3 to Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Critical role of ATP-induced ATP release for Ca2+ signaling in nonsensory cell networks of the developing cochlea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7194-E7201. [PMID: 27807138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616061113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially and temporally coordinated variations of the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) play a crucial role in a variety of tissues. In the developing sensory epithelium of the mammalian cochlea, elevation of extracellular adenosine trisphosphate concentration ([ATP]e) triggers [Ca2+]c oscillations and propagation of intercellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent Ca2+ waves. What remains uncertain is the relative contribution of gap junction channels and connexin hemichannels to these fundamental mechanisms, defects in which impair hearing acquisition. Another related open question is whether [Ca2+]c oscillations require oscillations of the cytosolic IP3 concentration ([IP3]c) in this system. To address these issues, we performed Ca2+ imaging experiments in the lesser epithelial ridge of the mouse cochlea around postnatal day 5 and constructed a computational model in quantitative adherence to experimental data. Our results indicate that [Ca2+]c oscillations are governed by Hopf-type bifurcations within the experimental range of [ATP]e and do not require [IP3]c oscillations. The model replicates accurately the spatial extent and propagation speed of intercellular Ca2+ waves and predicts that ATP-induced ATP release is the primary mechanism underlying intercellular propagation of Ca2+ signals. The model also uncovers a discontinuous transition from propagating regimes (intercellular Ca2+ wave speed > 11 μm⋅s-1) to propagation failure (speed = 0), which occurs upon lowering the maximal ATP release rate below a minimal threshold value. The approach presented here overcomes major limitations due to lack of specific connexin channel inhibitors and can be extended to other coupled cellular systems.
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21
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Miyamoto A, Sugiura K, Mikoshiba K. Development of a convenient and supersensitive high-throughput screening system for genetically encoded fluorescent probes of small molecules using a confocal microscope. Cell Calcium 2016; 61:1-9. [PMID: 27720443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the dynamic patterns of intracellular signaling molecules, such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca2+, that control many diverse cellular processes, provides us significant information to understand the regulatory mechanism of cellular functions. For searching more sensitive and higher dynamic range probes for signaling molecules, convenient and supersensitive high throughput screening systems are required. Here we show the optimal "in Escherichia coli (E. coli) colony" screening method based on the twin-arginine translocase (Tat) pathway and introduce a novel application of a confocal microscope as a supersensitive detection system to measure changes in the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent probes in E. coli grown on an agar plate. To verify the performance of the novel detection system, we compared the changes detected in the fluorescent intensity of genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator after Ca2+ exposure to two kinds of conventional fluorescence detection systems (luminescent image analyzer and fluorescence stereomicroscope). The rate of fluorescence change between Ca2+ binding and unbinding detected by novel supersensitive detection system was almost double than those measured by conventional detection systems. We also confirmed that the Tat pathway-based screening method is applicable to the development of genetically encoded probes for IP3. Our convenient and supersensitive screening system improves the speed of developing florescent probes for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kotomi Sugiura
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsukiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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22
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Cellular Interrogation: Exploiting Cell-to-Cell Variability to Discriminate Regulatory Mechanisms in Oscillatory Signalling. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004995. [PMID: 27367445 PMCID: PMC4930170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular complexity within a cell may be seen as an evolutionary response to the external complexity of the cell’s environment. This suggests that the external environment may be harnessed to interrogate the cell’s internal molecular architecture. Cells, however, are not only nonlinear and non-stationary, but also exhibit heterogeneous responses within a clonal, isogenic population. In effect, each cell undertakes its own experiment. Here, we develop a method of cellular interrogation using programmable microfluidic devices which exploits the additional information present in cell-to-cell variation, without requiring model parameters to be fitted to data. We focussed on Ca2+ signalling in response to hormone stimulation, which exhibits oscillatory spiking in many cell types and chose eight models of Ca2+ signalling networks which exhibit similar behaviour in simulation. We developed a nonlinear frequency analysis for non-stationary responses, which could classify models into groups under parameter variation, but found that this question alone was unable to distinguish critical feedback loops. We further developed a nonlinear amplitude analysis and found that the combination of both questions ruled out six of the models as inconsistent with the experimentally-observed dynamics and heterogeneity. The two models that survived the double interrogation were mathematically different but schematically identical and yielded the same unexpected predictions that we confirmed experimentally. Further analysis showed that subtle mathematical details can markedly influence non-stationary responses under parameter variation, emphasising the difficulty of finding a “correct” model. By developing questions for the pathway being studied, and designing more versatile microfluidics, cellular interrogation holds promise as a systematic strategy that can complement direct intervention by genetics or pharmacology. We have developed a cellular interrogation methodology that combines programmable microfluidics, fluorescence microscopy and mathematical analysis and have used it to discriminate between models of repetitive Ca2+ spiking in HeLa cells. Our approach exploits the natural variability in response of individual cells in a clonal population and the non-steady state behavior of the response in each cell, thereby providing more powerful discrimination. Interrogation consists of steps or pulses of histamine of fixed concentration and width but varying frequency. Eight mathematical models of repetitive Ca2+ spiking were chosen from the literature and methods of nonlinear frequency and nonlinear amplitude analysis were developed which ruled out all but two of the models, without having to fit the models to the data. Further analysis of the remaining models yielded predictions that were experimentally confirmed. Cellular interrogation offers a general approach to ruling out competing hypotheses about molecular mechanisms, which is complementary to traditional methods of genetics and biochemistry.
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Design and development of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors to monitor intracellular chemical and physical parameters. Biophys Rev 2016; 8:121-138. [PMID: 28510054 PMCID: PMC4884202 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-016-0195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades many researchers have made major contributions towards the development of genetically encoded (GE) fluorescent sensors derived from fluorescent proteins. GE sensors are now used to study biological phenomena by facilitating the measurement of biochemical behaviors at various scales, ranging from single molecules to single cells or even whole animals. Here, we review the historical development of GE fluorescent sensors and report on their current status. We specifically focus on the development strategies of the GE sensors used for measuring pH, ion concentrations (e.g., chloride and calcium), redox indicators, membrane potential, temperature, pressure, and molecular crowding. We demonstrate that these fluroescent protein-based sensors have a shared history of concepts and development strategies, and we highlight the most original concepts used to date. We believe that the understanding and application of these various concepts will pave the road for the development of future GE sensors and lead to new breakthroughs in bioimaging.
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Takeda Y, Shimayoshi T, Holz GG, Noma A. Modeling analysis of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization under the control of glucagon-like peptide-1 in mouse pancreatic β-cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C337-47. [PMID: 26741144 PMCID: PMC4888524 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00234.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally derived blood glucose-lowering hormone that potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The secretagogue action of GLP-1 is explained, at least in part, by its ability to stimulate cAMP production so that cAMP may facilitate the release of Ca(2+) from inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-regulated Ca(2+) stores. However, a quantitative model has yet to be provided that explains the molecular mechanisms and dynamic processes linking GLP-1-stimulated cAMP production to Ca(2+) mobilization. Here, we performed simulation studies to investigate how GLP-1 alters the abilities of Ca(2+) and IP3 to act as coagonists at IP3R Ca(2+) release channels. A new dynamic model was constructed based on the Kaftan model, which demonstrates dual steady-state allosteric regulation of the IP3R by Ca(2+) and IP3. Data obtained from β-cells were then analyzed to understand how GLP-1 facilitates IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization when UV flash photolysis is used to uncage Ca(2+) and IP3 intracellularly. When the dynamic model for IP3R activation was incorporated into a minimal cell model, the Ca(2+) transients and oscillations induced by GLP-1 were successfully reconstructed. Simulation studies indicated that transient and oscillatory responses to GLP-1 were produced by sequential positive and negative feedback regulation due to fast activation and slow inhibition of the IP3R by Ca(2+). The slow rate of Ca(2+)-dependent inhibition was revealed to provide a remarkable contribution to the time course of the decay of cytosolic Ca(2+) transients. It also served to drive and pace Ca(2+) oscillations that are significant when evaluating how GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Takeda
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Japan;
| | - Takao Shimayoshi
- Department of Systems Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and
| | - George G Holz
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Akinori Noma
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Japan
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Yang PC, Jafri MS. The Phase Lag between Agonist-Induced Oscillatory Ca 2+ and IP 3 Signals Does Not Imply Causality (December 2015). CALCIUM SIGNALING (SANTA CLARA, CALIF.) 2015; 2:1-10. [PMID: 27218121 PMCID: PMC4874533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Activated phospholipase C (PLC*) generates 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) from phosphatidyl inositol (PIP2). The DAG remains in the plasma membrane and co-activates conventional protein kinase C (PKC) with Ca2+. We have developed a mathematical model for the activation of the Ca2+-dependent PKC and its negative feedback on phospholipase C (PLC) and coupled it to the De Young-Keizer model for IP3 mediated Ca2+ oscillations. The model describes the cascade of reactions for the translocation of PKC to plasma membrane, and simulates activation of Ca2+ and diacylglycerol (DAG) oscillations. The model demonstrates that oscillations in Ca2+ and DAG are possible with or without a positive Ca2+ feedback on phospholipase C consistent with experiment. In many experimental studies, the timing of the peaks of the Ca2+ and IP3 oscillations have been used to suggest causality, i.e. that the IP3 oscillations cause the Ca2+ oscillations. The model is used to explore this question. To this end, the positive and negative feedback between Ca2+ and IP3 production are modulated, resulting in changes to the phase lag between the peaks in [Ca2+]cyt and [IP]cyt. The model simulates a possible experimental protocol that can be used to differentiate whether or not the positive feedback of Ca2+ on PLC is needed for the oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - M Saleet Jafri
- Molecular Neuroscience Department and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
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Gulyás G, Tóth JT, Tóth DJ, Kurucz I, Hunyady L, Balla T, Várnai P. Measurement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in living cells using an improved set of resonance energy transfer-based biosensors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125601. [PMID: 25932648 PMCID: PMC4416922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved versions of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) sensors were created to follow intracellular InsP3 changes in single living cells and in cell populations. Similar to previous InsP3 sensors the new sensors are based on the ligand binding domain of the human type-I InsP3 receptor (InsP3R-LBD), but contain a mutation of either R265K or R269K to lower their InsP3 binding affinity. Tagging the InsP3R-LBD with N-terminal Cerulean and C-terminal Venus allowed measurement of InsP3 in single-cell FRET experiments. Replacing Cerulean with a Luciferase enzyme allowed experiments in multi-cell format by measuring the change in the BRET signal upon stimulation. These sensors faithfully followed the agonist-induced increase in InsP3 concentration in HEK 293T cells expressing the Gq-coupled AT1 angiotensin receptor detecting a response to agonist concentration as low as 10 pmol/L. Compared to the wild type InsP3 sensor, the mutant sensors showed an improved off-rate, enabling a more rapid and complete return of the signal to the resting value of InsP3 after termination of M3 muscarinic receptor stimulation by atropine. For parallel measurements of intracellular InsP3 and Ca2+ levels in BRET experiments, the Cameleon D3 Ca2+ sensor was modified by replacing its CFP with luciferase. In these experiments depletion of plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2 resulted in the fall of InsP3 level, followed by the decrease of the Ca2+-signal evoked by the stimulation of the AT1 receptor. In contrast, when type-III PI 4-kinases were inhibited with a high concentration of wortmannin or a more specific inhibitor, A1, the decrease of the Ca2+-signal preceded the fall of InsP3 level indicating an InsP3-, independent, direct regulation of capacitative Ca2+ influx by plasma membrane inositol lipids. Taken together, our results indicate that the improved InsP3 sensor can be used to monitor both the increase and decrease of InsP3 levels in live cells suitable for high-throughput BRET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Gulyás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - József T. Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Dániel J. Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - István Kurucz
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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27
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Tanimura A. Development and application of fluorescent protein-based indicators for live cell imaging. J Oral Biosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Pecze L, Schwaller B. Characterization and modeling of Ca2+ oscillations in mouse primary mesothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:632-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gaspers LD, Bartlett PJ, Politi A, Burnett P, Metzger W, Johnston J, Joseph SK, Höfer T, Thomas AP. Hormone-induced calcium oscillations depend on cross-coupling with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate oscillations. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1209-18. [PMID: 25456123 PMCID: PMC6469397 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated oscillations in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) could originate either directly from an autonomous Ca2+ feedback oscillator at the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor or as a secondary consequence of IP3 oscillations driven by Ca2+ feedback on IP3 metabolism. It is challenging to discriminate these alternatives, because IP3 fluctuations could drive Ca2+ oscillations or could just be a secondary response to the [Ca2+]i spikes. To investigate this problem, we constructed a recombinant IP3 buffer using type-I IP3 receptor ligand-binding domain fused to GFP (GFP-LBD), which buffers IP3 in the physiological range. This IP3 buffer slows hormone-induced [IP3] dynamics without changing steady-state [IP3]. GFP-LBD perturbed [Ca2+]i oscillations in a dose-dependent manner: it decreased both the rate of [Ca2+]i rise and the speed of Ca2+ wave propagation and, at high levels, abolished [Ca2+]i oscillations completely. These data, together with computational modeling, demonstrate that IP3 dynamics play a fundamental role in generating [Ca2+]i oscillations and waves. Gaspers et al. use a genetically encoded IP3 buffer to suppress IP3 dynamics during hormonal stimulation. Using this approach, they find that positive feedback of Ca2+ on IP3 formation is an essential component, generating long-period, baseline-separated Ca2+ oscillations and intracellular Ca2+ waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Gaspers
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Paula J Bartlett
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Antonio Politi
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Burnett
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Walson Metzger
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jane Johnston
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Suresh K Joseph
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Thomas Höfer
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Guo CL, Cheng PL. Second messenger signaling for neuronal polarization: cell mechanics-dependent pattern formation. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:388-401. [PMID: 25059891 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal polarization is a critical step in the neuronal morphogenesis. Despite the identification of several evolutionarily conserved factors for neural polarization, the exact mechanisms by which cells initiate and maintain polarity remain to be characterized. Here, we review the recent progress on the roles of second messengers, specifically the cyclic nucleotides and membrane-associated phospholipids, in the initiation, propagation, and integration of polarization signals, and propose an inhibitor-free model for neural polarization. The characteristic features of neuron polarization include the formation of single axon and multiple dendrites. These features involve chemical and mechanical mechanisms such as reaction-diffusion and tug-of-war, by which second messengers can act in concert to initiate and stabilize the cellular asymmetry. Nevertheless, biochemical factors eliciting the long-range inhibition remain ambiguous. Thus, we provide a simple, inhibitor-free model that can incorporate known cytochemical and cytomechanical factors, and produce features of neuronal polarization in environments provided with minimized extracellular regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Guo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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31
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A Ca(2+)-dependent signalling circuit regulates influenza A virus internalization and infection. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2763. [PMID: 24434940 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various viruses enter host cells via endocytosis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the specific internalization pathways remain unclear. Here we show that influenza A viruses (IAVs) enter cells via redundant pathways of clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis, with intracellular Ca(2+) having a central role in regulation of both pathways by activating a signalling axis comprising RhoA, Rho-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) and phospholipase C (PLC). IAV infection induces oscillations in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration of host cells, the prevention of which markedly attenuates virus internalization and infection. The small GTPase RhoA is found both to function downstream of the virus-induced Ca(2+) response and itself to induce Ca(2+) oscillations in a manner dependent on Rho-kinase and subsequent PIP5K-PLC signalling. This signalling circuit regulates both clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis during virus infection and seems to constitute a key mechanism for regulation of IAV internalization and infection.
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Dickson EJ, Falkenburger BH, Hille B. Quantitative properties and receptor reserve of the IP(3) and calcium branch of G(q)-coupled receptor signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 141:521-35. [PMID: 23630337 PMCID: PMC3639578 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gq-coupled plasma membrane receptors activate phospholipase C (PLC), which hydrolyzes membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into the second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). This leads to calcium release, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and sometimes PIP2 depletion. To understand mechanisms governing these diverging signals and to determine which of these signals is responsible for the inhibition of KCNQ2/3 (KV7.2/7.3) potassium channels, we monitored levels of PIP2, IP3, and calcium in single living cells. DAG and PKC are monitored in our companion paper (Falkenburger et al. 2013. J. Gen. Physiol.http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201210887). The results extend our previous kinetic model of Gq-coupled receptor signaling to IP3 and calcium. We find that activation of low-abundance endogenous P2Y2 receptors by a saturating concentration of uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP; 100 µM) leads to calcium release but not to PIP2 depletion. Activation of overexpressed M1 muscarinic receptors by 10 µM Oxo-M leads to a similar calcium release but also depletes PIP2. KCNQ2/3 channels are inhibited by Oxo-M (by 85%), but not by UTP (<1%). These differences can be attributed purely to differences in receptor abundance. Full amplitude calcium responses can be elicited even after PIP2 was partially depleted by overexpressed inducible phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatases, suggesting that very low amounts of IP3 suffice to elicit a full calcium release. Hence, weak PLC activation can elicit robust calcium signals without net PIP2 depletion or KCNQ2/3 channel inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Bonneau B, Nougarède A, Prudent J, Popgeorgiev N, Peyriéras N, Rimokh R, Gillet G. The Bcl-2 homolog Nrz inhibits binding of IP3 to its receptor to control calcium signaling during zebrafish epiboly. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra14. [PMID: 24518293 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2 protein family regulate mitochondrial membrane permeability and also localize to the endoplasmic reticulum where they control Ca(2+) homeostasis by interacting with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs). In zebrafish, Bcl-2-like 10 (Nrz) is required for Ca(2+) signaling during epiboly and gastrulation. We characterized the mechanism by which Nrz controls IP3-mediated Ca(2+) release during this process. We showed that Nrz was phosphorylated during early epiboly, and that in embryos in which Nrz was knocked down, reconstitution with Nrz bearing mutations designed to prevent its phosphorylation disrupted cyclic Ca(2+) transients and the assembly of the actin-myosin ring and led to epiboly arrest. In cultured cells, wild-type Nrz, but not Nrz with phosphomimetic mutations, interacted with the IP3 binding domain of IP3R1, inhibited binding of IP3 to IP3R1, and prevented histamine-induced increases in cytosolic Ca(2+). Collectively, these data suggest that Nrz phosphorylation is necessary for the generation of IP3-mediated Ca(2+) transients and the formation of circumferential actin-myosin cables required for epiboly. Thus, in addition to their role in apoptosis, by tightly regulating Ca(2+) signaling, Bcl-2 family members participate in the cellular events associated with early vertebrate development, including cytoskeletal dynamics and cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonneau
- 1Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
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Ishida S, Matsu-ura T, Fukami K, Michikawa T, Mikoshiba K. Phospholipase C-β1 and β4 contribute to non-genetic cell-to-cell variability in histamine-induced calcium signals in HeLa cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86410. [PMID: 24475116 PMCID: PMC3903530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A uniform extracellular stimulus triggers cell-specific patterns of Ca(2+) signals, even in genetically identical cell populations. However, the underlying mechanism that generates the cell-to-cell variability remains unknown. We monitored cytosolic inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) concentration changes using a fluorescent IP3 sensor in single HeLa cells showing different patterns of histamine-induced Ca(2+) oscillations in terms of the time constant of Ca(2+) spike amplitude decay and the Ca(2+) oscillation frequency. HeLa cells stimulated with histamine exhibited a considerable variation in the temporal pattern of Ca(2+) signals and we found that there were cell-specific IP3 dynamics depending on the patterns of Ca(2+) signals. RT-PCR and western blot analyses showed that phospholipase C (PLC)-β1, -β3, -β4, -γ1, -δ3 and -ε were expressed at relatively high levels in HeLa cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of PLC isozymes revealed that PLC-β1 and PLC-β4 were specifically involved in the histamine-induced IP3 increases in HeLa cells. Modulation of IP3 dynamics by knockdown or overexpression of the isozymes PLC-β1 and PLC-β4 resulted in specific changes in the characteristics of Ca(2+) oscillations, such as the time constant of the temporal changes in the Ca(2+) spike amplitude and the Ca(2+) oscillation frequency, within the range of the cell-to-cell variability found in wild-type cell populations. These findings indicate that the heterogeneity in the process of IP3 production, rather than IP3-induced Ca(2+) release, can cause cell-to-cell variability in the patterns of Ca(2+) signals and that PLC-β1 and PLC-β4 contribute to generate cell-specific Ca(2+) signals evoked by G protein-coupled receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ishida
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Toru Matsu-ura
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Michikawa
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Calcium Oscillation Project, ICORP-SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- * E-mail: (TM); (KM)
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Calcium Oscillation Project, ICORP-SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail: (TM); (KM)
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Abstract
Intracellular free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) is a highly versatile second messenger that regulates a wide range of functions in every type of cell and tissue. To achieve this versatility, the Ca(2+) signaling system operates in a variety of ways to regulate cellular processes that function over a wide dynamic range. This is particularly well exemplified for Ca(2+) signals in the liver, which modulate diverse and specialized functions such as bile secretion, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. These Ca(2+) signals are organized to control distinct cellular processes through tight spatial and temporal coordination of [Ca(2+)]i signals, both within and between cells. This article will review the machinery responsible for the formation of Ca(2+) signals in the liver, the types of subcellular, cellular, and intercellular signals that occur, the physiological role of Ca(2+) signaling in the liver, and the role of Ca(2+) signaling in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimena Amaya
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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36
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Stathopulos PB, Seo MD, Enomoto M, Amador FJ, Ishiyama N, Ikura M. Themes and variations in ER/SR calcium release channels: structure and function. Physiology (Bethesda) 2013; 27:331-42. [PMID: 23223627 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) release from reticular stores is a vital regulatory signal in eukaryotes. Recent structural data on large NH(2)-terminal regions of IP(3)Rs and RyRs and their tetrameric arrangement in the full-length context reveal striking mechanistic similarities in Ca(2+) release channel function. A common ancestor found in unicellular genomes underscores the fundamentality of these elements to Ca(2+) release channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Stathopulos
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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37
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Ueda Y, Kwok S, Hayashi Y. Application of FRET probes in the analysis of neuronal plasticity. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:163. [PMID: 24133415 PMCID: PMC3794420 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakthroughs in imaging techniques and optical probes in recent years have revolutionized the field of life sciences in ways that traditional methods could never match. The spatial and temporal regulation of molecular events can now be studied with great precision. There have been several key discoveries that have made this possible. Since green fluorescent protein (GFP) was cloned in 1992, it has become the dominant tracer of proteins in living cells. Then the evolution of color variants of GFP opened the door to the application of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which is now widely recognized as a powerful tool to study complicated signal transduction events and interactions between molecules. Employment of fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) allows the precise detection of FRET in small subcellular structures such as dendritic spines. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic and practical aspects of FRET imaging and discuss how different FRET probes have revealed insights into the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and enabled visualization of neuronal network activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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38
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A fluorescence-based method for evaluating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor ligands: Determination of subtype selectivity and partial agonist effects. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:248-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Disruption of intracellular calcium regulation is integral to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. J Neurosci 2013; 33:7513-25. [PMID: 23616556 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4559-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) is a key regulator of life or death decisions in cultured neurons and sensory cells. The role of Ca(2+) in these processes is less clear in vivo, as the location of these cells often impedes visualization of intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics. We generated transgenic zebrafish lines that express the genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicator GCaMP in mechanosensory hair cells of the lateral line. These lines allow us to monitor intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics in real time during aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. After exposure of live larvae to aminoglycosides, dying hair cells undergo a transient increase in intracellular Ca(2+) that occurs shortly after mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. Inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation through either caged chelators or pharmacological inhibitors of Ca(2+) effectors mitigates toxic effects of aminoglycoside exposure. Conversely, artificial elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) by caged Ca(2+) release agents sensitizes hair cells to the toxic effects of aminoglycosides. These data suggest that alterations in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis play an essential role in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death, and indicate several potential therapeutic targets to stem ototoxicity.
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40
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Akl H, Monaco G, La Rovere R, Welkenhuyzen K, Kiviluoto S, Vervliet T, Molgó J, Distelhorst CW, Missiaen L, Mikoshiba K, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Bultynck G. IP3R2 levels dictate the apoptotic sensitivity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to an IP3R-derived peptide targeting the BH4 domain of Bcl-2. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e632. [PMID: 23681227 PMCID: PMC3674349 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Disrupting inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) complexes using a cell-permeable peptide (stabilized TAT-fused IP3R-derived peptide (TAT-IDPS)) that selectively targets the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 but not that of B-cell lymphoma 2-extra large (Bcl-Xl) potentiated pro-apoptotic Ca2+ signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. However, the molecular mechanisms rendering cancer cells but not normal cells particularly sensitive to disrupting IP3R/Bcl-2 complexes are poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the effect of TAT-IDPS in a more heterogeneous Bcl-2-dependent cancer model using a set of ‘primed to death' diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DL-BCL) cell lines containing elevated Bcl-2 levels. We discovered a large heterogeneity in the apoptotic responses of these cells to TAT-IDPS with SU-DHL-4 being most sensitive and OCI-LY-1 being most resistant. This sensitivity strongly correlated with the ability of TAT-IDPS to promote IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release. Although total IP3R-expression levels were very similar among SU-DHL-4 and OCI-LY-1, we discovered that the IP3R2-protein level was the highest for SU-DHL-4 and the lowest for OCI-LY-1. Strikingly, TAT-IDPS-induced Ca2+ rise and apoptosis in the different DL-BCL cell lines strongly correlated with their IP3R2-protein level, but not with IP3R1-, IP3R3- or total IP3R-expression levels. Inhibiting or knocking down IP3R2 activity in SU-DHL-4-reduced TAT-IDPS-induced apoptosis, which is compatible with its ability to dissociate Bcl-2 from IP3R2 and to promote IP3-induced pro-apoptotic Ca2+ signaling. Thus, certain chronically activated B-cell lymphoma cells are addicted to high Bcl-2 levels for their survival not only to neutralize pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members but also to suppress IP3R hyperactivity. In particular, cancer cells expressing high levels of IP3R2 are addicted to IP3R/Bcl-2 complex formation and disruption of these complexes using peptide tools results in pro-apoptotic Ca2+ signaling and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Akl
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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41
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Ida Y, Kidera A. The conserved Arg241-Glu439 salt bridge determines flexibility of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor binding core in the ligand-free state. Proteins 2013; 81:1699-708. [PMID: 23606071 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3 R) is an intracellular Ca(2+) -release channel activated by binding of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3 ) to the InsP3 binding core (IBC). Structural change in the IBC upon InsP3 binding is the key process in channel pore opening. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the InsP3 -free form of the IBC, starting with removal of InsP3 from the InsP3 -bound crystal structure, and obtained the structural ensemble of the InsP3 -free form of the IBC. The simulation revealed that the two domains of the IBC largely fluctuate around the average structure with the hinge angle opened 17° more than in the InsP3 -bound form, and the twist angle rotated by 45°, forming interdomain contacts that are different from those in the bound form. The InsP3 binding loop was disordered. The InsP3 -free form thus obtained was reproduced four times in simulations started from a fully extended configuration of the two domains. Simulations beginning with the fully extended form indicated that formation of a salt bridge between Arg241 and Glu439 is crucial for stabilizing the closed form of the two domains. Mutation of Arg241 to Gln prevented formation of the compact structure by the two domains, but the fully flexible domain arrangement was maintained. Thus, the Arg241-Glu439 salt bridge determines the flexibility of the InsP3 -free form of the IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Ida
- Department of Supramolecular Biology, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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42
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Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) is a ubiquitous second messenger, derived from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) by enzymes of the phospholipase C (PLC) family. Binding of IP(3) to its cognate receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane leads to release of Ca(2+) into the cytoplasm, which is involved in the regulation of an array of cellular functions. Traditional techniques for the detection of IP(3) have required the extraction of a large number of cells, with limitations in the time resolution of changes in IP(3) and an inability to obtain detailed information on the dynamics of this second messenger in single cells. Recent progress in this field has led to the development of a number of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors, which upon recombinant expression are able selectively to detect real-time changes in IP(3) in single live cells. In this chapter, I detail protocols for the expression, visualization (by confocol or fluorescence microscopy), and interpretation of data obtained with such biosensors expressed in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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43
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Mathiesen JM, Vedel L, Bräuner-Osborne H. cAMP biosensors applied in molecular pharmacological studies of G protein-coupled receptors. Methods Enzymol 2013; 522:191-207. [PMID: 23374187 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407865-9.00011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a common second messenger that mediates numerous biological responses. Intracellular cAMP levels are increased by activation of G(s)-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and decreased by activation of G(i)-coupled GPCRs via the adenylyl cyclase. Many end-point assays for quantifying GPCR-mediated changes in intracellular cAMP levels exist. More recently, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP biosensors that can quantify intracellular cAMP levels in real time have been developed. These FRET-based cAMP biosensors have been used primarily in single cell FRET microscopy to monitor and visualize changes in cAMP upon GPCR activation. Here, a similar cAMP biosensor with a more efficient mCerulean/mCitrine FRET pair is described for use in the 384-well plate format. After cloning and expression in HEK293 cells, the biosensor is characterized in the 384-well plate format and used for measuring the signaling of the G(s)-coupled β(2)-adrenergic receptor. The procedures described may be applied for other FRET-based biosensors in terms of characterization and conversion to the 384-well plate format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Mosolff Mathiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nakamura H, Bannai H, Inoue T, Michikawa T, Sano M, Mikoshiba K. Cooperative and stochastic calcium releases from multiple calcium puff sites generate calcium microdomains in intact Hela cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24563-72. [PMID: 22637479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.311399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) microdomains or locally restricted Ca(2+) increases in the cell have recently been reported to regulate many essential physiological events. Ca(2+) increases through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor (IP(3)R)/Ca(2+) release channels contribute to the formation of a class of such Ca(2+) microdomains, which were often observed and referred to as Ca(2+) puffs in their isolated states. In this report, we visualized IP(3)-evoked Ca(2+) microdomains in histamine-stimulated intact HeLa cells using a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope, and quantitatively characterized the spatial profile by fitting recorded images to a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution. Ca(2+) concentration profiles were marginally spatially anisotropic, with the size increasing linearly even after the amplitude began to decline. We found the event centroid drifted with an apparent diffusion coefficient of 4.20 ± 0.50 μm(2)/s, which is significantly larger than those estimated for IP(3)Rs. The sites of maximal Ca(2+) increase, rather than initiation or termination sites, were detected repeatedly at the same location. These results indicate that Ca(2+) microdomains in intact HeLa cell are generated from spatially distributed multiple IP(3)R clusters or Ca(2+) puff sites, rather than a single IP(3)R cluster reported in cells loaded with Ca(2+) buffers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN, Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Optogenetic reporters: Fluorescent protein-based genetically encoded indicators of signaling and metabolism in the brain. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012; 196:235-63. [PMID: 22341329 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59426-6.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent protein technology has evolved to include genetically encoded biosensors that can monitor levels of ions, metabolites, and enzyme activities as well as protein conformation and even membrane voltage. They are well suited to live-cell microscopy and quantitative analysis, and they can be used in multiple imaging modes, including one- or two-photon fluorescence intensity or lifetime microscopy. Although not nearly complete, there now exists a substantial set of genetically encoded reporters that can be used to monitor many aspects of neuronal and glial biology, and these biosensors can be used to visualize synaptic transmission and activity-dependent signaling in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we present an overview of design strategies for engineering biosensors, including sensor designs using circularly permuted fluorescent proteins and using fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorescent proteins. We also provide examples of indicators that sense small ions (e.g., pH, chloride, zinc), metabolites (e.g., glutamate, glucose, ATP, cAMP, lipid metabolites), signaling pathways (e.g., G protein-coupled receptors, Rho GTPases), enzyme activities (e.g., protein kinase A, caspases), and reactive species. We focus on examples where these genetically encoded indicators have been applied to brain-related studies and used with live-cell fluorescence microscopy.
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Okumoto S, Jones A, Frommer WB. Quantitative imaging with fluorescent biosensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 63:663-706. [PMID: 22404462 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular activities are highly dynamic and can occur locally in subcellular domains or compartments. Neighboring cells in the same tissue can exist in different states. Therefore, quantitative information on the cellular and subcellular dynamics of ions, signaling molecules, and metabolites is critical for functional understanding of organisms. Mass spectrometry is generally used for monitoring ions and metabolites; however, its temporal and spatial resolution are limited. Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized many areas of biology-e.g., fluorescent proteins can report on gene expression or protein localization in real time-yet promoter-based reporters are often slow to report physiologically relevant changes such as calcium oscillations. Therefore, novel tools are required that can be deployed in specific cells and targeted to subcellular compartments in order to quantify target molecule dynamics directly. We require tools that can measure enzyme activities, protein dynamics, and biophysical processes (e.g., membrane potential or molecular tension) with subcellular resolution. Today, we have an extensive suite of tools at our disposal to address these challenges, including translocation sensors, fluorescence-intensity sensors, and Förster resonance energy transfer sensors. This review summarizes sensor design principles, provides a database of sensors for more than 70 different analytes/processes, and gives examples of applications in quantitative live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Okumoto
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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The Discovery and Structural Investigation of the IP3 Receptor and the Associated IRBIT Protein. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:281-304. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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A model for Ca2+ oscillations stimulated by the type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor: An unusual mechanism based on repetitive, reversible phosphorylation of the receptor. Biochimie 2011; 93:2132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baylis HA, Vázquez-Manrique RP. Genetic analysis of IP3 and calcium signalling pathways in C. elegans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:1253-68. [PMID: 22146231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans is an established model system that is particularly well suited to genetic analysis. C. elegans is easily manipulated and we have an in depth knowledge of many aspects of its biology. Thus, it is an attractive system in which to pursue integrated studies of signalling pathways. C. elegans has a complement of calcium signalling molecules similar to that of other animals. SCOPE OF REVIEW We focus on IP3 signalling. We describe how forward and reverse genetic approaches, including RNAi, have resulted in a tool kit which enables the analysis of IP3/Ca2+ signalling pathways. The importance of cell and tissue specific manipulation of signalling pathways and the use of epistasis analysis are highlighted. We discuss how these tools have increased our understanding of IP3 signalling in specific developmental, physiological and behavioural roles. Approaches to imaging calcium signals in C. elegans are considered. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A wide selection of tools is available for the analysis of IP3/Ca2+ signalling in C. elegans. This has resulted in detailed descriptions of the function of IP3/Ca2+ signalling in the animal's biology. Nevertheless many questions about how IP3 signalling regulates specific processes remain. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Many of the approaches described may be applied to other calcium signalling systems. C. elegans offers the opportunity to dissect pathways, perform integrated studies and to test the importance of the properties of calcium signalling molecules to whole animal function, thus illuminating the function of calcium signalling in animals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemical, biophysical and genetic approaches to intracellular calcium signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard A Baylis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Yudin Y, Lukacs V, Cao C, Rohacs T. Decrease in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels mediates desensitization of the cold sensor TRPM8 channels. J Physiol 2011; 589:6007-27. [PMID: 22005680 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.220228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the cold- and menthol-activated transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channels diminishes over time in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), a phenomenon referred to as desensitization or adaptation. Here we show that activation of TRPM8 by cold or menthol evokes a decrease in cellular phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] levels. The decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P(2) levels was accompanied by increased inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (InsP(3)) production, and was inhibited by loading the cells with the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM, showing that it was the consequence of the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) by increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations. PtdIns(4,5)P(2) hydrolysis showed excellent temporal correlation with current desensitization in simultaneous patch clamp and fluorescence-based PtdIns(4,5)P(2) level measurements. Intracellular dialysis of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) inhibited desensitization both in native neuronal and recombinant TRPM8 channels. PtdIns(4)P, the precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P(2), did not inhibit desensitization, consistent with its minimal effect in excised patches. Omission of MgATP from the intracellular solution accelerated desensitization, and MgATP reactivated TRPM8 channels in excised patches in a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K)-dependent manner. PLC-independent depletion of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) using a voltage-sensitive phosphatase (ci-VSP) inhibited TRPM8 currents, and omission of ATP from the intracellular solution inhibited recovery from this inhibition. Inhibitors of PKC had no effect on the kinetics of desensitization. We conclude that Ca(2+) influx through TRPM8 activates a Ca(2+)-sensitive PLC isoform, and the resulting depletion of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) plays a major role in desensitization of both cold and menthol responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen Yudin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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