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Li Q, Jiang L, Feng J, Wang X, Wang X, Xu X, Chu W. Aged polystyrene microplastics exacerbate alopecia associated with tight junction injuries and apoptosis via oxidative stress pathway in skin. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108638. [PMID: 38593689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive pollutants in the natural environment and contribute to increased levels of illness in both animals and humans. However, thespecific impacts of MPs on skin damage and alopeciaare not yet well understood. In this study, we have examined the effects of two types of polystyrene MPs (pristine and aged) on skin and hair follicle damage in mice. UV irradiation changed the chemical and physical properties of the aged MPs, including functional groups, surface roughness, and contact angles. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, skin and cell injuries related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, tight junctions (TJs), alopecia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other damages were observed. Mechanistically, MPs and aged MPs can induce TJs damage via the oxidative stress pathway and inhibition of antioxidant-related proteins, and this can lead to alopecia. The regulation of cell apoptosis was also observed, and this is involved in the ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway. Importantly, aged MPs showed exacerbated toxicity, which may be due to their elevated surface irregularities and altered chemical compositions. Collectively, this study suggests a potential therapeutic approach for alopecia and hair follicle damage caused by MPs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lehua Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianhai Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuejuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
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2
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Alyami MH, Hamdan DI, Khalil HM, Orabi MA, Aborehab NM, Osama N, Abdelhafez MM, Al-Mahallawi AM, Alyami HS. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of nano sized cubosomal dispersion loaded with Ruta graveolens extracts as a novel approach to reduce asthma-mediated lung inflammation. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101968. [PMID: 38352238 PMCID: PMC10862413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease affecting people of all ages. Asthma medications are associated with adverse effects restricting their long-term usage, demanding newer alternative therapies. This study aimed to investigate the anti-asthmatic properties of Ruta graveolens extract and its prepared nano-cubosomal dispersion (Ruta-ND). Firstly, the R. graveolens methanolic extract exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activity on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BEAS-2B cells. To ensure best bioavailability and hence best cellular uptake, R. graveolens extract was loaded in nano-cubosomal dispersion (ND). Then, the anti-asthmatic effects of Ruta extract and ND were simultaneously evaluated in rats' model with ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. R. graveolens extract and Ruta-ND subsided asthma score and improved lung function by restoring FEV1/FVC ratio to the expected values in control rats. Also, it showed strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities manifested by lowering levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-4, IL-7, TGF-β, and Ig-E, and increasing levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and INF-γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our research findings also indicate autophagy induction and apoptosis inhibition by Ruta extract and Ruta-ND. Finally, the HPLC MS/MS phytochemical profiling of R. graveolens extract evident production of various alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, and other phenolics with reported pharmacological properties corresponding to/emphasize our study findings. In conclusion, R. graveolens exhibited promise in managing Ova-induced allergic asthma and could be developed as an alternative anti-allergic asthma drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia I. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt
| | - Heba M.A. Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A.A. Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Nora M. Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Nada Osama
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom, 32511 Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mai M. Abdelhafez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University, Egypt
| | | | - Hamad S. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Fang F, Usselman R, Reijo Pera R. Aging and neuronal death. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13579-13580. [PMID: 38095614 PMCID: PMC10756123 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Robert Usselman
- Chemistry Program, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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4
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Liu R, Juncos LA, Lu Y, Wei J, Zhang J, Wang L, Lai EY, Carlstrom M, Persson AEG. The Role of Macula Densa Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Beta Splice Variant in Modulating Tubuloglomerular Feedback. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4215-4229. [PMID: 36715280 PMCID: PMC9990375 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in renal electrolyte and water excretion may result in inappropriate salt and water retention, which facilitates the development and maintenance of hypertension, as well as acid-base and electrolyte disorders. A key mechanism by which the kidney regulates renal hemodynamics and electrolyte excretion is via tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), an intrarenal negative feedback between tubules and arterioles. TGF is initiated by an increase of NaCl delivery at the macula densa cells. The increased NaCl activates luminal Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) of the macula densa cells, which leads to activation of several intracellular processes followed by the production of paracrine signals that ultimately result in a constriction of the afferent arteriole and a tonic inhibition of single nephron glomerular filtration rate. Neuronal nitric oxide (NOS1) is highly expressed in the macula densa. NOS1β is the major splice variant and accounts for most of NO generation by the macula densa, which inhibits TGF response. Macula densa NOS1β-mediated modulation of TGF responses plays an essential role in control of sodium excretion, volume and electrolyte hemostasis, and blood pressure. In this article, we describe the mechanisms that regulate macula densa-derived NO and their effect on TGF response in physiologic and pathologic conditions. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4215-4229, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Luis A. Juncos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mattias Carlstrom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Erik G Persson
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yang X, Song C, Zhang L, Wang J, Yu X, Yu B, Zablotskii V, Zhang X. An upward 9.4 T static magnetic field inhibits DNA synthesis and increases ROS-P53 to suppress lung cancer growth. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101103. [PMID: 33930848 PMCID: PMC8102172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that 9.4 Tesla (9.4 T) high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has obvious advantages in improving image resolution and capacity, but their safety issues need to be further validated before their clinical approval. Meanwhile, emerging experimental evidences show that moderate to high intensity Static Magnetic Fields (SMFs) have some anti-cancer effects. We examined the effects of two opposite SMF directions on lung cancer bearing mice and found when the lung cancer cell-bearing mice were treated with 9.4 T SMFs for 88 h in total, the upward 9.4 T SMF significantly inhibited A549 tumor growth (tumor growth inhibition=41%), but not the downward 9.4 T SMF. In vitro cellular analysis shows that 9.4 T upward SMF treatment for 24 h not only inhibited A549 DNA synthesis, but also significantly increased ROS and P53 levels, and arrested G2 cell cycle. Moreover, the 9.4 T SMF-treatments for 88 h had no severe impairment to the key organs or blood cell count of the mice. Our findings demonstrated the safety of 9.4 T SMF long-term exposure for their future applications in MRI, and revealed the anti-cancer potential of the upward direction 9.4 T SMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Biao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czechia; International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island, 230031, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island, 230031, China.
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6
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Cross-Talk between NADPH Oxidase and Mitochondria: Role in ROS Signaling and Angiogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081849. [PMID: 32781794 PMCID: PMC7466096 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a new vessel formation from the pre-existing ones, is essential for embryonic development, wound repair and treatment of ischemic heart and limb diseases. However, dysregulated angiogenesis contributes to various pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis and cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) as well as mitochondria play an important role in promoting the angiogenic switch from quiescent endothelial cells (ECs). However, how highly diffusible ROS produced from different sources and location can communicate with each other to regulate angiogenesis remains unclear. To detect a localized ROS signal in distinct subcellular compartments in real time in situ, compartment-specific genetically encoded redox-sensitive fluorescence biosensors have been developed. Recently, the intercellular communication, “cross-talk”, between ROS derived from NOX and mitochondria, termed “ROS-induced ROS release”, has been proposed as a mechanism for ROS amplification at distinct subcellular compartments, which are essential for activation of redox signaling. This “ROS-induced ROS release” may represent a feed-forward mechanism of localized ROS production to maintain sustained signaling, which can be targeted under pathological conditions with oxidative stress or enhanced to promote therapeutic angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge regarding the role of the cross-talk between NOX and mitochondria organizing the sustained ROS signaling involved in VEGF signaling, neovascularization and tissue repair.
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7
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Tanaka LY, Oliveira PVS, Laurindo FRM. Peri/Epicellular Thiol Oxidoreductases as Mediators of Extracellular Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:280-307. [PMID: 31910038 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Supracellular redox networks regulating cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and organ system architecture merge with structural and functional (catalytic or allosteric) properties of disulfide bonds. This review addresses emerging evidence that exported thiol oxidoreductases (TORs), such as thioredoxin, protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), quiescin sulfhydryl oxidases (QSOX)1, and peroxiredoxins, composing a peri/epicellular (pec)TOR pool, mediate relevant signaling. pecTOR functions depend mainly on kinetic and spatial regulation of thiol-disulfide exchange reactions governed by redox potentials, which are modulated by exported intracellular low-molecular-weight thiols, together conferring signal specificity. Recent Advances: pecTOR redox-modulates several targets including integrins, ECM proteins, surface molecules, and plasma components, although clear-cut documentation of direct effects is lacking in many cases. TOR catalytic pathways, displaying common patterns, culminate in substrate thiol reduction, oxidation, or isomerization. Peroxiredoxins act as redox/peroxide sensors, contrary to PDIs, which are likely substrate-targeted redox modulators. Emerging evidence suggests important pecTOR roles in patho(physio)logical processes, including blood coagulation, vascular remodeling, mechanosensing, endothelial function, immune responses, and inflammation. Critical Issues: Effects of pecPDIs supporting thrombosis/platelet activation have been well documented and reached the clinical arena. Roles of pecPDIA1 in vascular remodeling/mechanosensing are also emerging. Extracellular thioredoxin and pecPDIs redox-regulate immunoinflammation. Routes of TOR externalization remain elusive and appear to involve Golgi-independent routes. pecTORs are particularly accessible drug targets. Future Directions: Further understanding mechanisms of thiol redox reactions and developing assays for assessing pecTOR redox activities remain important research avenues. Also, addressing pecTORs as disease markers and achieving more efficient/specific drugs for pecTOR modulation are major perspectives for diagnostic/therapeutic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Percillia V S Oliveira
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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p53 isoform Δ113p53 promotes zebrafish heart regeneration by maintaining redox homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:568. [PMID: 32703938 PMCID: PMC7378207 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal mice and adult zebrafish can fully regenerate their hearts through proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Previous studies have revealed that p53 signalling is activated during cardiac regeneration in neonatal mice and that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated near the wound site acts as a novel signal to promote zebrafish heart regeneration. We recently demonstrated that the expression of the p53 isoform Δ133p53 is highly induced upon stimulation by low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that Δ133p53 coordinates with full-length p53 to promote cell survival by enhancing the expression of antioxidant genes. However, the function of p53 signalling in heart regeneration remains uncharacterised. Here, we found that the expression of Δ113p53 is activated in cardiomyocytes at the resection site in the zebrafish heart in a full-length p53- and ROS signalling-dependent manner. Cell lineage tracing showed that Δ113p53-positive cardiomyocytes undergo cell proliferation and contribute to myocardial regeneration. More importantly, heart regeneration is impaired in Δ113p53M/M mutant zebrafish. Depletion of Δ113p53 significantly decreases the proliferation frequency of cardiomyocytes but has little effect on the activation of gata4-positive cells, their migration to the edge of the wound site, or apoptotic activity. Live imaging of intact hearts showed that induction of H2O2 at the resection site is significantly higher in Δ113p53M/M mutants than in wild-type zebrafish, which may be the result of reduced induction of antioxidant genes in Δ113p53M/M mutants. Our findings demonstrate that induction of Δ113p53 in cardiomyocytes at the resection site functions to promote heart regeneration by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes to maintain redox homeostasis.
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Matthews JD, Owens JA, Naudin CR, Saeedi BJ, Alam A, Reedy AR, Hinrichs BH, Sumagin R, Neish AS, Jones RM. Neutrophil-Derived Reactive Oxygen Orchestrates Epithelial Cell Signaling Events during Intestinal Repair. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2221-2232. [PMID: 31472109 PMCID: PMC6892184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that reactive oxygen (eg, hydrogen peroxide) can activate host cell signaling pathways that function in repair. We show that mice deficient in their capacity to generate reactive oxygen by the NADPH oxidase 2 holoenzyme, an enzyme complex highly expressed in neutrophils and macrophages, have disrupted capacity to orchestrate signaling events that function in mucosal repair. Similar observations were made for mice after neutrophil depletion, pinpointing this cell type as the source of the reactive oxygen driving oxidation-reduction protein signaling in the epithelium. To simulate epithelial exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen produced by neutrophils and gain new insight into this oxidation-reduction signaling, epithelial cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide, biochemical experiments were conducted, and a proteome-wide screen was performed using isotope-coded affinity tags to detect proteins oxidized after exposure. This analysis implicated signaling pathways regulating focal adhesions, cell junctions, and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. These pathways are also known to act via coordinated phosphorylation events within proteins that constitute the focal adhesion complex, including focal adhesion kinase and Crk-associated substrate. We identified the Rho family small GTP-binding protein Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 and p21 activated kinases 2 as operational in these signaling and localization pathways. These data support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species from neutrophils can orchestrate epithelial cell-signaling events functioning in intestinal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Matthews
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal R Naudin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bejan J Saeedi
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - April R Reedy
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin H Hinrichs
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Illinois
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Hicks J, Halkerston R, Silman N, Jackson S, Aylott J, Rawson F. Real-time bacterial detection with an intracellular ROS sensing platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Melicher D, Torson AS, Anderson TJ, Yocum GD, Rinehart JP, Bowsher JH. Immediate Transcriptional Response to a Temperature Pulse under a Fluctuating Thermal Regime. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:320-337. [PMID: 31173075 PMCID: PMC6703998 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of ectotherms to temperature stress is complex, non-linear, and is influenced by life stage and previous thermal exposure. Mortality is higher under constant low temperatures than under a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) that maintains the same low temperature but adds a brief, daily pulse of increased temperature. Long term exposure to FTR has been shown to increase transcription of genes involved in oxidative stress, immune function, and metabolic pathways, which may aid in recovery from chill injury and oxidative damage. Previous research suggests the transcriptional response that protects against sub-lethal damage occurs rapidly under exposure to fluctuating temperatures. However, existing studies have only examined gene expression after a week or over many months. Here we characterize gene expression during a single temperature cycle under FTR. Development of pupating alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata) was interrupted at the red-eye stage and were transferred to 6°C with a 1-h pulse to 20°C and returned to 6°C. RNA was collected before, during, and after the temperature pulse and compared to pupae maintained at a static 6°C. The warm pulse is sufficient to cause expression of transcripts that repair cell membrane damage, modify membrane composition, produce antifreeze proteins, restore ion homeostasis, and respond to oxidative stress. This pattern of expression indicates that even brief exposure to warm temperatures has significant protective effects on insects exposed to stressful cold temperatures that persist beyond the warm pulse. Megachile rotundata's sensitivity to temperature fluctuations indicates that short exposures to temperature changes affect development and physiology. Genes associated with developmental patterning are expressed after the warm pulse, suggesting that 1 h at 20°C was enough to resume development in the pupae. The greatest difference in gene expression occurred between pupae collected after the warm pulse and at constant low temperatures. Although both were collected at the same time and temperature, the transcriptional response to one FTR cycle included multiple transcripts previously identified under long-term FTR exposure associated with recovery from chill injury, indicating that the effects of FTR occur rapidly and are persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacotah Melicher
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Bioscience Research Laboratory, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Alex S Torson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, 218 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Tanner J Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave., Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - George D Yocum
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Bioscience Research Laboratory, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Joseph P Rinehart
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Bioscience Research Laboratory, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Julia H Bowsher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1340 Bolley Drive, 218 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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Ponziani FR, Nicoletti A, Gasbarrini A, Pompili M. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the gut microbiota in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919848184. [PMID: 31205505 PMCID: PMC6535703 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919848184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the human body and its alterations are associated with the development of different pathological conditions. The liver is the organ most exposed to the influence of the gut microbiota, and recently important connections between the intestinal flora and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been described. In fact, HCC is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis and develops in a microenvironment where inflammation, immunological alterations, and cellular aberrations are dramatically evident. Prevention and diagnosis in the earliest stages are still the most effective weapons in fighting this tumor. Animal models show that the gut microbiota can be involved in the promotion and progression of HCC directly or through different pathogenic mechanisms. Recent data in humans have confirmed these preclinical findings, shedding new light on HCC pathogenesis. Limitations due to the different experimental design, the ethnic and hepatological setting make it difficult to compare the results and draw definitive conclusions, but these studies lay the foundations for a pathogenetic redefinition of HCC. Therefore, it is evident that the characterization of the gut microbiota and its modulation can have an enormous diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic potential, especially in patients with early stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Alberto Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Arnandis T, Monteiro P, Adams SD, Bridgeman VL, Rajeeve V, Gadaleta E, Marzec J, Chelala C, Malanchi I, Cutillas PR, Godinho SA. Oxidative Stress in Cells with Extra Centrosomes Drives Non-Cell-Autonomous Invasion. Dev Cell 2018; 47:409-424.e9. [PMID: 30458137 PMCID: PMC6251975 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomal abnormalities, in particular centrosome amplification, are recurrent features of human tumors. Enforced centrosome amplification in vivo plays a role in tumor initiation and progression. However, centrosome amplification occurs only in a subset of cancer cells, and thus, partly due to this heterogeneity, the contribution of centrosome amplification to tumors is unknown. Here, we show that supernumerary centrosomes induce a paracrine-signaling axis via the secretion of proteins, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), which leads to non-cell-autonomous invasion in 3D mammary organoids and zebrafish models. This extra centrosomes-associated secretory phenotype (ECASP) promotes invasion of human mammary cells via HER2 signaling activation. Further, we demonstrate that centrosome amplification induces an early oxidative stress response via increased NOX-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn mediates secretion of pro-invasive factors. The discovery that cells with extra centrosomes can manipulate the surrounding cells highlights unexpected and far-reaching consequences of these abnormalities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arnandis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sophie D Adams
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Integrative Cell Signalling and Proteomics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Emanuela Gadaleta
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jacek Marzec
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Integrative Cell Signalling and Proteomics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Susana A Godinho
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Oxidative stress in chronic lung disease: From mitochondrial dysfunction to dysregulated redox signaling. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:59-69. [PMID: 30098327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lung is a delicate organ with a large surface area that is continuously exposed to the external environment, and is therefore highly vulnerable to exogenous sources of oxidative stress. In addition, each of its approximately 40 cell types can also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), as byproducts of cellular metabolism and in a more regulated manner by NOX enzymes with functions in host defense, immune regulation, and cell proliferation or differentiation. To effectively regulate the biological actions of exogenous and endogenous ROS, various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems are present in all lung cell types to provide adequate protection against their injurious effects and to allow for appropriate ROS-mediated biological signaling. Acute and chronic lung diseases are commonly thought to be associated with increased oxidative stress, evidenced by altered cellular or extracellular redox status, increased irreversible oxidative modifications in proteins or DNA, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered expression or activity of NOX enzymes and antioxidant enzyme systems. However, supplementation strategies with generic antioxidants have been minimally successful in prevention or treatment of lung disease, most likely due to their inability to distinguish between harmful and beneficial actions of ROS. Recent studies have attempted to identify specific redox-based mechanisms that may mediate chronic lung disease, such as allergic asthma or pulmonary fibrosis, which provide opportunities for selective redox-based therapeutic strategies that may be useful in treatment of these diseases.
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15
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Ledda C, Loreto C, Bracci M, Lombardo C, Romano G, Cinà D, Mucci N, Castorina S, Rapisarda V. Mutagenic and DNA repair activity in traffic policemen: a case-crossover study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 30116289 PMCID: PMC6083631 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emissions from vehicles are composed of heterogeneous mixtures of hazardous substances; several pollutants such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are amongst the most dangerous substances detected in urban monitoring. A cohort of traffic policemen usually occupationally exposed to PAHs present in the urban environment were examined in order to assess the mutagenicity and DNA capacity repair. Methods Seventy-two urban traffic policemen working in Catania's metropolitan area were enrolled in the study. Two spot urine samples were collected from each subject during the whole working cycle as follows: sample 1 (S1), pre-shift on day 1; sample 2 (S2) post-shift on day 6. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was measured to serve as an indirect exposure indicator. Urinary mutagenic activity was assessed through the plate incorporation pre-incubation technique with S9, using YG1024 Salmonella typhimurium strain over-sensitive to PAH metabolite. Concentrations of urinary 8-oxodG were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results As regards the exposure to PAHs, results highlighted a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between pre-shift on day 1 and post-shift on day 6 levels. Mutagenic activity was detected in 38 (66%) workers on S1 and in 47 (81%) on S2. Also 8-oxodG analysis showed a statistically significant difference between S1 and S2 sampling. Conclusions This study demonstrated that occupational exposure to pollutants from traffic emission, assessed via 1-OHP measurements in urine, may lead to DNA repair and mutagenic activity, in line with other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- 3Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Lombardo
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Romano
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- 5Occupational Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Wang Y, Branicky R, Noë A, Hekimi S. Superoxide dismutases: Dual roles in controlling ROS damage and regulating ROS signaling. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1915-1928. [PMID: 29669742 PMCID: PMC5987716 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 981] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wang et al. review the dual role of superoxide dismutases in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and regulating ROS signaling across model systems as well as their involvement in human diseases. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are universal enzymes of organisms that live in the presence of oxygen. They catalyze the conversion of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide anions are the intended product of dedicated signaling enzymes as well as the byproduct of several metabolic processes including mitochondrial respiration. Through their activity, SOD enzymes control the levels of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, thus both limiting the potential toxicity of these molecules and controlling broad aspects of cellular life that are regulated by their signaling functions. All aerobic organisms have multiple SOD proteins targeted to different cellular and subcellular locations, reflecting the slow diffusion and multiple sources of their substrate superoxide. This compartmentalization also points to the need for fine local control of ROS signaling and to the possibility for ROS to signal between compartments. In this review, we discuss studies in model organisms and humans, which reveal the dual roles of SOD enzymes in controlling damage and regulating signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robyn Branicky
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alycia Noë
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Ochoa CD, Wu RF, Terada LS. ROS signaling and ER stress in cardiovascular disease. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:18-29. [PMID: 29559224 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces the vast majority of all proteins secreted into the extracellular space, including hormones and cytokines, as well as cell surface receptors and other proteins which interact with the environment. Accordingly, this organelle controls essentially all vital links to a cell's external milieu, responding to systemic metabolic, inflammatory, endocrine, and mechanical stimuli. The central role the ER plays in meeting protein synthetic and quality control requirements in the face of such demands is matched by an extensive and versatile ER stress response signaling network. ROS mediate several critical aspects of this response. Nox4, an ER resident capable of producing ROS, acts as a proximal signaling intermediate to transduce ER stress-related conditions to the unfolded protein response, a homeostatic corrective mechanism. However, chronic ER stress caused by unrelenting internal or external demands produces a secondary rise in ROS, generally resulting in cell death. Sorting out the involvement of ROS at different levels of the ER stress response in specific cell types is key to understanding the molecular basis for chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Here, we provide an overview of ER stress signaling with an emphasis on the role of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiaan D Ochoa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ru Feng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lance S Terada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
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18
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Martinovich GG, Martinovich IV, Vcherashniaya AV, Zenkov NK, Menshchikova EB, Kandalintseva NV, Cherenkevich SN. Mechanisms of Redox Regulation of Chemoresistance in Tumor Cells by Phenolic Antioxidants. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091706015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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19
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Microglia and alcohol meet at the crossroads: Microglia as critical modulators of alcohol neurotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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The Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Lung Architecture Remodeling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040104. [PMID: 29257052 PMCID: PMC5745514 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disorders, such as pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), are characterized by airway and/or vascular remodeling. Despite differences in the pathology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been highlighted as a critical contributor to the initiation and development of airway and vascular remodeling. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox) appear to play a pivotal role in lung signaling, leading to marked changes in pulmonary airway and vascular cell phenotypes, including proliferation, hypertrophy and apoptosis. In this review, we summarized the current literature regarding the role of Nox in the airway and vascular remodeling.
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21
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Yao X, Zhang G, Guo Y, EI-Samahy M, Wang S, Wan Y, Han L, Liu Z, Wang F, Zhang Y. Vitamin D receptor expression and potential role of vitamin D on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in goat ovarian granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2017; 102:162-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Shakeri F, Boskabady MH. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of curcumin in ovalbumin-sensitized rat. Biofactors 2017; 43:567-576. [PMID: 28509396 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of curcumin have been shown. In this study, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of curcumin in sensitized rat were evaluated. METHODS Six groups of rats including control (C), ovalbumin-sensitized (as a rat model of asthma, S), S groups treated with curcumin (Cu 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/mL), and 1.25 μg/mL dexamethasone (S + D) were studied. Curcumin and dexamethasone were given in animals' drinking water during sensitization period. Total and differential WBC count, PLA2, TP, IFN-γ, IL-4, IgE, oxidant, and antioxidant biomarker levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined. RESULTS Total WBC, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, levels of PLA2, TP, IgE, IL-4, NO2 , NO3 , and MDA in BALF were increased but lymphocyte percentage, SOD, CAT, thiol, and IFN-γ levels and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased in S animals compared to controls (P < 0.001 for all cases). Treatment with all concentrations of curcumin significantly improved total WBC, PLA2, TP, IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, SOD, thiol, NO2 , and NO3 compared to S group (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). Two higher concentrations of curcumin significantly decreased neutrophil and eosinophil counts and MDA level but increased IFN-γ, CAT and lymphocyte values compared to S group (P < 0.001 for all cases). Dexamethasone treatment also significantly improved most of the measured parameters (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) but it did not change IL-4 and IFN-γ levels and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. CONCLUSION Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of curcumin with more specific immunomodulatory effect on Th1/Th2 balance compared to dexamethasone in sensitized rats was shown. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):567-576, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shakeri
- Neurogenetic Inflammation Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenetic Inflammation Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Jones RM, Neish AS. Redox signaling mediated by the gut microbiota. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:41-47. [PMID: 27989756 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota that inhabits the mammalian intestine can influence a range of physiological functions, including the modulation of immune responses, enhancement epithelial barrier function, and the stimulation of cell proliferation. While the mechanisms by which commensal prokaryotes stimulate immune signaling networks are well-characterized, less is known about the mechanistic control over homeostatic pathways within tissues. Recent reports by our research group have demonstrated that contact between the gut epithelia and some groups of enteric commensal bacteria prompts the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within host cells. Whereas the bacterial-induced production of ROS in phagocytes in response to ligand binding to Formyl Peptide Receptors (FPRs) and ensuing activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) is a well-defined mechanism, ROS generated by other cell types such as intestinal epithelia in response to microbial signals via FPRs and the NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is less appreciated. Importantly, enzymatically generated ROS have been shown to function as second messengers in many signal transduction pathways via the transient oxidative activity on sensor proteins bearing oxidant-sensitive thiol groups. Examples of redox sensitive proteins include tyrosine phosphatases that serve as regulators of MAPK pathways, focal adhesion kinase, as well as components involved NF-kB activation. Here, we review the leading edge discoveries gleaned from investigations that focus on microbial-induced generation of ROS and their functional effects on host physiology. These studies identify the functional molecular elements and mechanistic events that mediate the established effects of the normal microbiota on intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheinallt M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, 615 Michaels St, Room 105-L, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, 615 Michaels St, Room 105-L, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Martinovich GG, Martinovich IV, Vcherashniaya AV, Shadyro OI, Cherenkevich SN. Thymoquinone, a biologically active component of Nigella sativa, induces mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and programmed death of tumor cells. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Heppner DE, Janssen-Heininger YMW, van der Vliet A. The role of sulfenic acids in cellular redox signaling: Reconciling chemical kinetics and molecular detection strategies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 616:40-46. [PMID: 28126370 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reversible oxidation of protein cysteine residues is well recognized as an important regulatory mechanism in redox-dependent cell signaling. Cysteine oxidation is diverse in nature and involves various post-translational modifications (sulfenic acids, disulfides, etc.) and the specific functional or structural impact of these specific oxidative events is still poorly understood. The proximal product of protein cysteine oxidation by biological reactive oxygen species (ROS) is sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH), and experimental evidence is accruing for the formation of Cys-SOH as intermediate in protein cysteine oxidation in various biological settings. However, the plausibility of protein Cys-SH oxidation by ROS has often been put in question because of slow reaction kinetics compared to more favorable reactions with abundant thiol-based reductants such as peroxiredoxins (Prx) or glutathione (GSH). This commentary aims to address this controversy by highlighting the unique physical properties in cells that may restrict ROS diffusion and allow otherwise less favorable cysteine oxidation of proteins. Some limitations of analytical tools to assess Cys-SOH are also discussed. We conclude that formation of Cys-SOH in biological systems cannot always be predicted based on kinetic analyses in homogenous solution, and may be facilitated by unique structural and physical properties of Cys-containing proteins within e.g. signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | | | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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Espada J, Martín-Pérez J. An Update on Src Family of Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinases Biology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 331:83-122. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Biswas S, Das R, Ray Banerjee E. Role of free radicals in human inflammatory diseases. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2017.4.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Wu RF, Liao C, Hatoum H, Fu G, Ochoa CD, Terada LS. RasGRF Couples Nox4-Dependent Endoplasmic Reticulum Signaling to Ras. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:98-107. [PMID: 27856453 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, endothelial cells initiate corrective pathways such as the unfolded protein response. Recent studies suggest that reactive oxygen species produced on the ER may participate in homeostatic signaling through Ras in response to ER stress. We sought to identify mechanisms responsible for this focal signaling pathway. APPROACH AND RESULTS In endothelial cells, we found that ER stress induced by tunicamycin activates the NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase Nox4 focally on the ER surface but not on the plasma membrane. Ras activation is also restricted to the ER, occurs downstream of Nox4, and is required for activation of the unfolded protein response. In contrast, treatment with the growth factor VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) results in Ras activation and reactive oxygen species production confined instead to the plasma membrane and not to the ER, demonstrating local coupling of reactive oxygen species and Ras signals. We further identify the calcium-responsive, ER-resident guanyl exchange factors RasGRF1 and RasGRF2 as novel upstream mediators linking Nox4 with Ras activation in response to ER stress. Oxidation of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase and increases in cytosolic calcium caused by ER stress are blocked by Nox4 knockdown, and reduction in cytosolic free calcium prevents both Ras activation and the unfolded protein response. CONCLUSIONS ER stress triggers a localized signaling module on the ER surface involving Nox4-dependent calcium mobilization, which directs local Ras activation through ER-associated, calcium-responsive RasGRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Feng Wu
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Chengxu Liao
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Hadi Hatoum
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Guosheng Fu
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Cristhiaan D Ochoa
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Lance S Terada
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
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Jones RM. The Influence of the Gut Microbiota on Host Physiology: In Pursuit of Mechanisms. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:285-297. [PMID: 27698613 PMCID: PMC5045138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results generated from the NIH funded Human Microbiome Project (HMP) are necessarily tied to the overall mission of the agency, which is to foster scientific discoveries as a basis for protecting and improving health. The investment in the HMP phase 1 accomplished many of its goals including the preliminary characterization of the human microbiome and the identification of links between microbiome diversity and disease states. Going forward, the next step in these studies must involve the identification of the functional molecular elements that mediate the positive influence of a eubiotic microbiome on health and disease. This review will focus on recent advances describing mechanistic events in the intestine elicited by the microbiome. These include symbiotic bacteria-induced activation of redox-dependent cell signaling, the bacterial production of short chain fatty acids and ensuing cellular responses, and the secretion of bacteriocins by bacteria that have anti-microbial activities against potential pathogens.
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30
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Latif R, Alsunni AA. Effects of Chocolate Intake on Oxidative Stress/Oxidant-antioxidant Balance in Medical Students: A Controlled Clinical Trial. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 4:178-182. [PMID: 30787725 PMCID: PMC6298346 DOI: 10.4103/1658-631x.188260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cocoa polyphenols have been shown to exhibit antioxidant properties in vivo and in vitro. This study aimed to determine whether commercially available chocolate could improve oxidant/antioxidant balance in medical students. Materials and Methods: Sixty students (30 males and 30 females) were given three different types of chocolate. Subjects were divided equally into three groups of 20 students (10 males and 10 females) as follows: (i) Dark chocolate group (DC), (ii) milk chocolate group (MC), and (iii) placebo group (PC). The placebo group was given white chocolate. Blood was drawn at baseline and after consumption of chocolate (40 g/day) for 2 weeks. Serum was analyzed for DNA/RNA oxidative damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes. Descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the frequency distributions of the study variables. Means were compared across the study groups by one-way Analysis of Variance and within the same group by paired t-test. Results: Mean serum DNA/RNA damage, TBARS, SOD, and GPX enzymes compared between the groups revealed insignificant differences after 2 weeks of chocolate consumption (P = 0.46, 0.19, 0.11, and 0.06). Comparison within the same group also exhibited statistically insignificant differences in DNA/RNA damage in DC and MC groups (0.29 and 0.46, respectively); TBARS in DC and MC groups (0.11 and 0.19, respectively); SOD in DC and MC groups (0.06 and 0.11, respectively); and GPX in DC and MC groups (0.68 and 0.78, respectively). Conclusion: Consumption of 40 g of DC or MC daily for a period of 2 weeks appears to be an ineffective way of improving oxidant/antioxidant balance in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Alsunni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Hibbs JB, Vavrin Z, Cox JE. Complex coordinated extracellular metabolism: Acid phosphatases activate diluted human leukocyte proteins to generate energy flow as NADPH from purine nucleotide ribose. Redox Biol 2016; 8:271-84. [PMID: 26895212 PMCID: PMC4761651 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex metabolism is thought to occur exclusively in the crowded intracellular environment. Here we report that diluted enzymes from lysed human leukocytes produce extracellular energy. Our findings involve two pathways: the purine nucleotide catabolic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway, which function together to generate energy as NADPH. Glucose6P fuel for NADPH production is generated from structural ribose of purine ribonucleoside monophosphates, ADP, and ADP-ribose. NADPH drives glutathione reductase to reduce an oxidized glutathione disulfide-glutathione redox couple. Acid phosphatases initiate ribose5P salvage from purine ribonucleoside monophosphates, and transaldolase controls the direction of carbon chain flow through the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. These metabolic control points are regulated by pH. Biologically, this energy conserving metabolism could function in perturbed extracellular spaces. Extracellular metabolism occurs in dilute human leukocyte cytosolic protein solution. Extracellular metabolism is activated by acid phosphatases. Ribose5P salvage from purine nucleotides and its metabolism produces NADPH. Extracellular NADPH generating metabolism influences the redox environment. Extracellular metabolism could be a component of inflammation and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Hibbs
- Emeritus, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Zdenek Vavrin
- VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Hoffman S, Nolin J, McMillan D, Wouters E, Janssen-Heininger Y, Reynaert N. Thiol redox chemistry: role of protein cysteine oxidation and altered redox homeostasis in allergic inflammation and asthma. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:884-92. [PMID: 25565397 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a pulmonary disorder, with an estimated 300 million people affected worldwide. While it is thought that endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, are important mediators of natural physiological processes, inflammatory cells recruited to the asthmatic airways have an exceptional capacity for producing a variety of highly reactive ROS and RNS believed to contribute to tissue damage and chronic airways inflammation. Antioxidant defense systems form a tightly regulated network that maintains the redox environment of the intra- as well as extracellular environment. Evidence for an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in asthmatic airways is demonstrated in a number of studies, revealing decreased total antioxidant capacity as well as lower levels of individual antioxidants. Thiols in the form of GSH and sulfhydryl groups of proteins are among the most susceptible oxidant-sensitive targets, and hence, studies investigating protein thiol redox modifications in biology and disease have emerged. This perspective offers an overview of the combined efforts aimed at the elucidation of mechanisms whereby cysteine oxidations contribute to chronic inflammation and asthma, as well as insights into potential cysteine thiol-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Hoffman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, Vermont
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Heppner DE, van der Vliet A. Redox-dependent regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Redox Biol 2015; 8:24-7. [PMID: 26722841 PMCID: PMC4710793 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent cell signaling represents a unique feature of multicellular organisms, and is important in regulation of cell differentiation and specialized cell functions. Multicellular organisms also contain a diverse family of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) that have been closely linked with tyrosine kinase-based cell signaling and regulate tyrosine phosphorylation via reversible oxidation of cysteine residues that are highly conserved within many proteins involved in this signaling pathway. An example of redox-regulated tyrosine kinase signaling involves the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely studied receptor system with diverse functions in normal cell biology as well as pathologies associated with oxidative stress such as cancer. The purpose of this Graphical Redox Review is to highlight recently emerged concepts with respect to NOX-dependent regulation of this important signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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Spatially-resolved intracellular sensing of hydrogen peroxide in living cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16929. [PMID: 26585385 PMCID: PMC4653655 DOI: 10.1038/srep16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding intracellular redox chemistry requires new tools for the site-specific visualization of intracellular oxidation. We have developed a spatially-resolved intracellular sensor of hydrogen peroxide, HyPer-Tau, for time-resolved imaging in live cells. This sensor consists of a hydrogen peroxide-sensing protein tethered to microtubules. We demonstrate the use of the HyPer-Tau sensor for three applications; dose-dependent response of human cells to exogenous hydrogen peroxide, a model immune response of mouse macrophages to stimulation by bacterial toxin, and a spatially-resolved response to localized delivery of hydrogen peroxide. These results demonstrate that HyPer-Tau can be used as an effective tool for tracking changes in spatially localized intracellular hydrogen peroxide and for future applications in redox signaling.
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Dwivedi G, Gran MA, Bagchi P, Kemp ML. Dynamic Redox Regulation of IL-4 Signaling. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004582. [PMID: 26562652 PMCID: PMC4642971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the magnitude and dynamics of protein oxidation during cell signaling is technically challenging. Computational modeling provides tractable, quantitative methods to test hypotheses of redox mechanisms that may be simultaneously operative during signal transduction. The interleukin-4 (IL-4) pathway, which has previously been reported to induce reactive oxygen species and oxidation of PTP1B, may be controlled by several other putative mechanisms of redox regulation; widespread proteomic thiol oxidation observed via 2D redox differential gel electrophoresis upon IL-4 treatment suggests more than one redox-sensitive protein implicated in this pathway. Through computational modeling and a model selection strategy that relied on characteristic STAT6 phosphorylation dynamics of IL-4 signaling, we identified reversible protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) oxidation as the primary redox regulatory mechanism in the pathway. A systems-level model of IL-4 signaling was developed that integrates synchronous pan-PTP oxidation with ROS-independent mechanisms. The model quantitatively predicts the dynamics of IL-4 signaling over a broad range of new redox conditions, offers novel hypotheses about regulation of JAK/STAT signaling, and provides a framework for interrogating putative mechanisms involving receptor-initiated oxidation. Incomplete reduction of oxygen during respiration results in the formation of highly reactive molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) that react indiscriminately with cellular components and adversely affect cellular function. For a long time ROS were thought solely to be undesirable byproducts of respiration. Indeed, high levels of ROS are associated with a number of diseases. Despite these facts, antioxidants, agents that neutralize ROS, have not shown any clinical benefits when used as oral supplements. This paradox is partially explained by discoveries over the last two decades demonstrating that ROS are not always detrimental and may be essential for controlling physiological processes like cell signaling. However, the mechanisms by which ROS react with biomolecules are not well understood. In this work we have combined biological experiments with novel computational methods to identify the most important mechanisms of ROS-mediated regulation in the IL-4 signaling pathway of the immune system. We have also developed a detailed computer model of the IL-4 pathway and its regulation by ROS dependent and independent methods. Our work enhances the understanding of principles underlying regulation of cell signaling by ROS and has potential implications in advancing therapeutic methods targeting ROS and their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Dwivedi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Gran
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ma J, Liu R, Wang X, Liu Q, Chen Y, Valle RP, Zuo YY, Xia T, Liu S. Crucial Role of Lateral Size for Graphene Oxide in Activating Macrophages and Stimulating Pro-inflammatory Responses in Cells and Animals. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10498-515. [PMID: 26389709 PMCID: PMC5522963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is increasingly used in biomedical applications because it possesses not only the unique properties of graphene including large surface area and flexibility but also hydrophilicity and dispersibility in aqueous solutions. However, there are conflicting results on its biocompatibility and biosafety partially due to large variations in physicochemical properties of GO, and the role of these properties including lateral size in the biological or toxicological effects of GO is still unclear. In this study, we focused on the role of lateral size by preparing a panel of GO samples with differential lateral sizes using the same starting material. We found that, in comparison to its smaller counterpart, larger GO showed a stronger adsorption onto the plasma membrane with less phagocytosis, which elicited more robust interaction with toll-like receptors and more potent activation of NF-κB pathways. By contrast, smaller GO sheets were more likely taken up by cells. As a result, larger GO promoted greater M1 polarization, associated with enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. The in vitro results correlated well with local and systemic inflammatory responses after GO administration into the abdominal cavity, lung, or bloodstream through the tail vein. Together, our study delineated the size-dependent M1 induction of macrophages and pro-inflammatory responses of GO in vitro and in vivo. Our data also unearthed the detailed mechanism underlying these effects: a size-dependent interaction between GO and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Russell P. Valle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to (S. Liu) ; (T. Xia)
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Address correspondence to (S. Liu) ; (T. Xia)
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Hu L, Li LL, Lin ZG, Jiang ZC, Li HX, Zhao SG, Yang KB. Blockage of potassium channel inhibits proliferation of glioma cells via increasing reactive oxygen species. Oncol Res 2015; 22:57-65. [PMID: 25700359 PMCID: PMC7592800 DOI: 10.3727/096504014x14098532393518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The potassium (K+) channel plays an important role in the cell cycle and proliferation of tumor cells, while its role in brain glioma cells and the signaling pathways remains unclear. We used tetraethylammonium (TEA), a nonselective antagonist of big conductance K+ channels, to block K+ channels in glioma cells, and antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) to inhibit production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). TEA showed an antiproliferation effect on C6 and U87 glioma cells in a time-dependent manner, which was accompanied by an increased intracellular ROS level. Antioxidant NAC pretreatment reversed TEA-mediated antiproliferation and restored ROS level. TEA treatment also caused significant increases in mRNA and protein levels of tumor-suppressor proteins p53 and p21, and the upregulation was attenuated by pretreatment of NAC. Our results suggest that K+ channel activity significantly contributes to brain glioma cell proliferation via increasing ROS, and it might be an upstream factor triggering the activation of the p53/p21Cip1-dependent signaling pathway, consequently leading to glioma cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhi-Guo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhi-Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hong-Xing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shi-Guang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Kong-Bin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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Ye S, Gao X. Excavating abiotic stress-related gene resources of terrestrial macroscopic cyanobacteria for crop genetic engineering: dawn and challenge. Bioengineered 2015; 6:313-5. [PMID: 26418632 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered (GE) crops with resistance to environmental stresses are one of the most important solutions for future food security. Numerous genes associated to plant stress resistance have been identified and characterized. However, the current reality is that only a few transgenic crops expressing prokaryotic genes are successfully applied in field conditions. These few prokaryotic genes include Agrobacterium strain CP4 EPSPS gene, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab gene and a bacterial chaperonin gene. Thus, the excavation of potentially critical genes still remains an arduous task for crop engineering. Terrestrial macroscopic cyanobacteria, Nostoc commune and Nostoc flagelliforme, which exhibit extreme resistance to desiccation stress, may serve as new prokaryotic bioresources for excavating critical genes. Recently, their marker gene wspA was heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis plant and the transgenics exhibited more flourishing root systems than wild-type plants under osmotic stress condition. In addition, some new genes associated with drought response and adaptation in N. flagelliforme are being uncovered by our ongoing RNA-seq analysis. Although the relevant work about the terrestrial macroscopic cyanobacteria is still underway, we believe that the prospect of excavating their critical genes for application in GE crops is quite optimistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuifeng Ye
- a Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center ; Shanghai , China
| | - Xiang Gao
- b School of Life Sciences; Central China Normal University ; Wuhan , China
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Okamura DM, Pennathur S. The balance of powers: Redox regulation of fibrogenic pathways in kidney injury. Redox Biol 2015; 6:495-504. [PMID: 26448394 PMCID: PMC4600846 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diverse chronic inflammatory disorders including diabetic complications, cardiovascular disease, aging, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with moderate to advanced CKD have markedly increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation that likely contribute to the unacceptable high rates of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess of the capacity of cells/tissues to detoxify or scavenge them. Such a state of oxidative stress may alter the structure/function of cellular macromolecules and tissues that eventually leads to organ dysfunction. The harmful effects of ROS have been largely attributed to its indiscriminate, stochastic effects on the oxidation of protein, lipids, or DNA but in many instances the oxidants target particular amino acid residues or lipid moieties. Oxidant mechanisms are intimately involved in cell signaling and are linked to several key redox-sensitive signaling pathways in fibrogenesis. Dysregulation of antioxidant mechanisms and overproduction of ROS not only promotes a fibrotic milieu but leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and further exacerbates kidney injury. Our studies support the hypothesis that unique reactive intermediates generated in localized microenvironments of vulnerable tissues such as the kidney activate fibrogenic pathways and promote end-organ damage. The ability to quantify these changes and assess response to therapies will be pivotal in understanding disease mechanisms and monitoring efficacy of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl M Okamura
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- University of Michigan, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Chaplin NL, Nieves-Cintrón M, Fresquez AM, Navedo MF, Amberg GC. Arterial Smooth Muscle Mitochondria Amplify Hydrogen Peroxide Microdomains Functionally Coupled to L-Type Calcium Channels. Circ Res 2015; 117:1013-23. [PMID: 26390880 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondria are key integrators of convergent intracellular signaling pathways. Two important second messengers modulated by mitochondria are calcium and reactive oxygen species. To date, coherent mechanisms describing mitochondrial integration of calcium and oxidative signaling in arterial smooth muscle are incomplete. OBJECTIVE To address and add clarity to this issue, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondria regulate subplasmalemmal calcium and hydrogen peroxide microdomain signaling in cerebral arterial smooth muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an image-based approach, we investigated the impact of mitochondrial regulation of L-type calcium channels on subcellular calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling microdomains in isolated arterial smooth muscle cells. Our single-cell observations were then related experimentally to intact arterial segments and to living animals. We found that subplasmalemmal mitochondrial amplification of hydrogen peroxide microdomain signaling stimulates L-type calcium channels, and that this mechanism strongly impacts the functional capacity of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Importantly, we also found that disrupting this mitochondrial amplification mechanism in vivo normalized arterial function and attenuated the hypertensive response to systemic endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS From these observations, we conclude that mitochondrial amplification of subplasmalemmal calcium and hydrogen peroxide microdomain signaling is a fundamental mechanism regulating arterial smooth muscle function. As the principle components involved are fairly ubiquitous and positioning of mitochondria near the plasma membrane is not restricted to arterial smooth muscle, this mechanism could occur in many cell types and contribute to pathological elevations of intracellular calcium and increased oxidative stress associated with many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Chaplin
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (N.L.C., A.M.F., G.C.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (M.N.-C., M.F.N.)
| | - Madeline Nieves-Cintrón
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (N.L.C., A.M.F., G.C.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (M.N.-C., M.F.N.)
| | - Adriana M Fresquez
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (N.L.C., A.M.F., G.C.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (M.N.-C., M.F.N.)
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (N.L.C., A.M.F., G.C.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (M.N.-C., M.F.N.)
| | - Gregory C Amberg
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (N.L.C., A.M.F., G.C.A.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (M.N.-C., M.F.N.).
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Zhao J, Li H, Zhou R, Ma G, Dekker JD, Tucker HO, Yao Z, Guo X. Foxp1 Regulates the Proliferation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells in Response to Oxidative Stress during Hair Cycling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131674. [PMID: 26171970 PMCID: PMC4501748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in the bugle circularly generate outer root sheath (ORS) through linear proliferation within limited cycles during anagen phases. However, the mechanisms controlling the pace of HFSC proliferation remain unclear. Here we revealed that Foxp1, a transcriptional factor, was dynamically relocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of HFSCs in phase transitions from anagen to catagen, coupled with the rise of oxidative stress. Mass spectrum analyses revealed that the S468 phosphorylation of Foxp1 protein was responsive to oxidative stress and affected its nucleocytoplasmic translocation. Foxp1 deficiency in hair follicles led to compromised ROS accrual and increased HFSC proliferation. And more, NAC treatment profoundly elongated the anagen duration and HFSC proliferation in Foxp1-deficient background. Molecularly, Foxp1 augmented ROS levels through suppression of Trx1-mediated reductive function, thereafter imposing the cell cycle arrest by modulating the activity of p19/p53 pathway. Our findings identify a novel role for Foxp1 in controlling HFSC proliferation with cellular dynamic location in response to oxidative stress during hair cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Zhao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rujiang Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Joseph D. Dekker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haley O. Tucker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhengju Yao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
ROS (reactive oxygen species) have long been regarded as a series of destructive molecules that have a detrimental effect on cell homoeostasis. In support of this are the myriad antioxidant defence systems nearly all eukaryotic cells have that are designed to keep the levels of ROS in check. However, research data emerging over the last decade have demonstrated that ROS can influence a range of cellular events in a manner similar to that seen for traditional second messenger molecules such as cAMP. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) appears to be the main ROS with such signalling properties, and this molecule has been shown to affect a wide range of cellular functions. Its localized synthesis by the Nox (NADPH oxidase) family of enzymes and how these enzymes are regulated is of particular interest to those who work in the field of tumour biology.
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Kim SH, Bae SJ, Palikhe S, Ye YM, Park HS. Effects of MBL2 polymorphisms in patients with diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e157. [PMID: 25857450 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diisocyanate (DI) is the most common cause of occupational asthma (OA) in Korea. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) initiates the lectin complement activation pathway following oxidative stress and plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory processes. To determine whether there is a genetic association between MBL2 polymorphisms and DI-OA, 99 patients with DI-OA, 99 asymptomatic exposed controls (AECs) and 144 unexposed normal controls were enrolled in this study. Three polymorphisms (-554 G>C, -431A>C and -225 G>C) in the MBL2 promoter were genotyped, and serum MBL levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Functional variabilities in the promoter polymorphisms were analyzed by a luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). A significantly higher frequency of haplotype (ht) 2 [CAG] was noted in the DI-OA group compared with the AEC group (P=0.044). The patients with DI-OA carrying ht2 [CAG] had significantly lower PC20 methacholine levels (P<0.001) than the non-carriers. The serum MBL levels were significantly higher in the DI-exposed subjects (both the DI-OA patients and AECs) carrying ht1 [GAG] (P=0.028). Luciferase activity was significantly enhanced in ht1 [GAG] compared with ht2 [CAG] in human hepatocarcinoma cells (Hep3B) (P=0.002). The EMSA showed that a -554G probe produced a specific shifted band compared with the -554C probe. These findings suggest that decreased serum MBL levels due to polymorphisms of the MBL2 gene may increase susceptibility to the development of DI-OA in DI-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Bae
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sailesh Palikhe
- 1] Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- 1] Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Cytotoxin-induced NADPH oxides activation: roles in regulation of cell death. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:991-1006. [PMID: 25690733 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that a variety of cytotoxic agents can activate the NADPH oxidase system and induce redox-dependent regulation of cellular functions. Cytotoxin-induced NADPH oxidase activation may either exert cytoprotective actions (e.g., survival, proliferation, and stress tolerance) or cause cell death. Here we summarize the experimental evidence showing the context-dependent dichotomous effects of NADPH oxidase on cell fate under cytotoxic stress conditions and the potential redox signaling mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Clearly, it is difficult to create a unified paradigm on the toxicological implications of NADPH oxidase activation in response to cytotoxic stimuli. We suggest that interventional strategies targeting the NADPH oxidase system to prevent the adverse impacts of cytotoxins need to be contemplated in a stimuli- and cell type-specific manner.
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Kurutas EB, Gumusalan Y, Cetinkaya A, Dogan E. Evaluation of method performance for oxidative stress biomarkers in urine and biological variations in urine of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. Biol Proced Online 2015; 17:3. [PMID: 25649751 PMCID: PMC4313470 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-015-0015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) play an important role in the pathogenesis or progression of numerous diseases. Data regarding the biological variation and analytical quality specifications (imprecision, bias and total error) for judging the acceptability of method performance for oxidative stress biomarkers in urine are conspicuously lacking in the literature. Such data are important in setting analytical quality specifications, assessing the utility of population reference intervals (index of individuality) and assessing the significance of changes in serial results from an individual (reference change value; RCV). Materials and methods 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 20 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and 14 healthy individuals as control were involved in this study. Timed first morning urine samples were taken from patients and healthy groups on the zero, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 15th and 30th days. Index of individuality and reference change value were calculated from within-subject and between-subject variations. Methods of oxidative stress biomarkers in human blood were adopted in human urine and markers were measured as spectrophotometrically. Also, analytical quality specifications for evaluation of the method performance were established for oxidative stress biomarkers in urine. Results Within-subject variations of oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly higher in patients with DN and T2DM compared to healthy subjects. MDA showed low individuality, and within-subject variances of MDA were larger than between-subject variances in all groups. However, CAT and CuZnSOD showed strong individuality, but within-subject variances of them were smaller than between-subject variances in all groups. RCVs of all analytes in diabetic patients were relatively higher, because of high within-subject variation, resulting in a higher RCV. Also, the described methodology achieves these goals, with analytical CVs of < 3.5% for all analytes. Goals for bias and total error were 6.0-7.9% and 12.5-23.3%, respectively. Conclusions RCVs concept for predicting the clinical status in diabetic patients represents an optimization of laboratory reporting and could be a valuable tool for clinical decision. Furthermore, for oxidative stress biomarkers’ measurements in urine, the desirable imprecision goals based on biological variation are obtainable by current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergul Belge Kurutas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Avsar Campus, 46050 Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Yakup Gumusalan
- Department of Anatomy, Fatih University Faculty of Medicine, Büyükçekmece Campus, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cetinkaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Dogan
- Department of Nephrology, Selahaddin Eyyubi University Faculty of Medicine, Bağlar Campus, 21090 Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Kamal A, Qamar K, Gulfraz M, Anwar MA, Malik RN. PAH exposure and oxidative stress indicators of human cohorts exposed to traffic pollution in Lahore city (Pakistan). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:59-67. [PMID: 24998225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from road traffic is not only a major source of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) but also a growing problem in the city of Lahore (Pakistan). In this study, we evaluated exposure to traffic-related PAHs, among subjects including traffic police officers (TPs), rickshaw drivers (RKs) shopkeepers working near main roads (SKs) and a control group (CN) for comparative analyses. We monitored the 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as biomarkers of exposure to PAHs and its probable association with catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity as biomarkers of oxidative stress in selected cohorts from the city Lahore. Results showed that median 1-OHP concentration was significantly higher in TPs than CN (med 1.21 vs. 0.51 μmol mol-C(-1) respectively, P=0.046), followed by RKs (0.68 μmol mol-C(-1), P=0.19 vs. CN). Furthermore, GSH, GSHPx, and CAT activities were also higher in exposed subjects than CN, which indicated that they experienced oxidative stress. Similar, but less severe observations were recorded in SKs. Observation of self-reported health status showed that, on the basis of daily time spent in the middle of heavy traffic, TPs and RKs most frequently suffered from adverse head and respiratory symptoms. The study shows that increasing traffic pollution can be associated with important health risk factor not only for the workers in transport industry but also for the public. Finally, the issue of traffic pollution in Lahore city needs to be addressed on priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Kamal
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Khansa Qamar
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Gulfraz
- University Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Anwar
- University Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L. Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30:11-26. [PMID: 25646037 PMCID: PMC4310837 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1249] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals and other oxidants have gained importance in the field of biology due to their central role in various physiological conditions as well as their implication in a diverse range of diseases. The free radicals, both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are derived from both endogenous sources (mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, phagocytic cells etc.) and exogenous sources (pollution, alcohol, tobacco smoke, heavy metals, transition metals, industrial solvents, pesticides, certain drugs like halothane, paracetamol, and radiation). Free radicals can adversely affect various important classes of biological molecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, thereby altering the normal redox status leading to increased oxidative stress. The free radicals induced oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in several diseased conditions such as diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's disease-PD, Alzheimer's disease-AD and Multiple sclerosis-MS), cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis and hypertension), respiratory diseases (asthma), cataract development, rheumatoid arthritis and in various cancers (colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, bladder cancers). This review deals with chemistry, formation and sources, and molecular targets of free radicals and it provides a brief overview on the pathogenesis of various diseased conditions caused by ROS/RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alugoju Phaniendra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
| | - Dinesh Babu Jestadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
| | - Latha Periyasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
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Atmospheric pressure gas plasma-induced colorectal cancer cell death is mediated by Nox2–ASK1 apoptosis pathways and oxidative stress is mitigated by Srx–Nrf2 anti-oxidant system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2827-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Akita T, Okada Y. Characteristics and roles of the volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) anion channel in the central nervous system. Neuroscience 2014; 275:211-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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