1
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Thibault E, Brandizzi F. Post-translational modifications: emerging directors of cell-fate decisions during endoplasmic reticulum stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:831-848. [PMID: 38600022 PMCID: PMC11088923 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical for growth, development, and stress responses. Perturbations causing an imbalance in ER proteostasis lead to a potentially lethal condition known as ER stress. In ER stress situations, cell-fate decisions either activate pro-life pathways that reestablish homeostasis or initiate pro-death pathways to prevent further damage to the organism. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning cell-fate decisions in ER stress is critical for crop development and has the potential to enable translation of conserved components to ER stress-related diseases in metazoans. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are emerging as key players in cell-fate decisions in situations of imbalanced ER proteostasis. In this review, we address PTMs orchestrating cell-fate decisions in ER stress in plants and provide evidence-based perspectives for where future studies may focus to identify additional PTMs involved in ER stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Thibault
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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2
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Luizet JB, Raymond J, Lacerda TLS, Barbieux E, Kambarev S, Bonici M, Lembo F, Willemart K, Borg JP, Celli J, Gérard FCA, Muraille E, Gorvel JP, Salcedo SP. The Brucella effector BspL targets the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway and delays bacterial egress from infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105324118. [PMID: 34353909 PMCID: PMC8364137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105324118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a central organelle of the cell, can have critical consequences for cellular homeostasis. An elaborate surveillance system known as ER quality control ensures that cells can respond and adapt to stress via the unfolded protein response (UPR) and that only correctly assembled proteins reach their destination. Interestingly, several bacterial pathogens hijack the ER to establish an infection. However, it remains poorly understood how bacterial pathogens exploit ER quality-control functions to complete their intracellular cycle. Brucella spp. replicate extensively within an ER-derived niche, which evolves into specialized vacuoles suited for exit from infected cells. Here we present Brucella-secreted protein L (BspL), a Brucella abortus effector that interacts with Herp, a central component of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery. We found that BspL enhances ERAD at the late stages of the infection. BspL targeting of Herp and ERAD allows tight control of the kinetics of autophagic Brucella-containing vacuole formation, delaying the last step of its intracellular cycle and cell-to-cell spread. This study highlights a mechanism by which a bacterial pathogen hijacks ERAD components for fine regulation of its intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Luizet
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR5086, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Julie Raymond
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR5086, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Thais Lourdes Santos Lacerda
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR5086, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Barbieux
- Department of Biology, Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stanimir Kambarev
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Magali Bonici
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR5086, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Lembo
- Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer', Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Kévin Willemart
- Department of Biology, Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer', Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, 13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Jean Celli
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Francine C A Gérard
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR5086, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Eric Muraille
- Department of Biology, Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Suzana P Salcedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR5086, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France;
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3
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Qu J, Zou T, Lin Z. The Roles of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1526. [PMID: 33546413 PMCID: PMC7913544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle in eukaryotic cells, which is essential for synthesis, processing, sorting of protein and lipid metabolism. However, the cells activate a defense mechanism called endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) response and initiate unfolded protein response (UPR) as the unfolded proteins exceed the folding capacity of the ER due to the environmental influences or increased protein synthesis. ER stress can mediate many cellular processes, including autophagy, apoptosis and senescence. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in the degradation of more than 80% of proteins in the cells. Today, increasing numbers of studies have shown that the two important components of UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), are tightly related to ER stress. In this review, we summarized the regulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs in ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenghong Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.Q.); (T.Z.)
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4
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Ma X, Lu JY, Moraru A, Teleman AA, Fang J, Qiu Y, Liu P, Xu T. A novel regulator of ER Ca 2+ drives Hippo-mediated tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2019; 39:1378-1387. [PMID: 31649333 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a versatile second messenger that regulates various cellular and physiological functions. However, the in vivo molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ alterations contribute to tumor growth remain poorly explored. Here we show that Emei is a novel ER Ca2+ regulator that synergizes with RasV12 to induce tumor growth via JNK-mediated Hippo signaling. Emei disruption reduces ER Ca2+ level and subsequently leads to JNK activation and Hippo inactivation. Importantly, genetically increasing cytosolic Ca2+ concentration cooperates with RasV12 to drive tumor growth via inactivating the Hippo pathway. Finally, we identify POSH as a crucial link that bridges cytosolic Ca2+ alteration with JNK activation and Hippo-mediated tumor growth. Together, our findings provide a novel mechanism of tumor growth that acts through intracellular Ca2+ levels to modulate JNK-mediated Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjue Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jin-Yu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,CellNetworks - Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jinan Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Oncogenic activation of PI3K induces progenitor cell differentiation to suppress epidermal growth. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1256-1266. [PMID: 30361695 PMCID: PMC6291208 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic lesions are surprisingly common in morphologically and functionally normal human skin, however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that suppress their cancer-driving potential to maintain tissue homeostasis are unknown. By employing assays for direct and quantitative assessment of cell fate choices in vivo, we show that oncogenic activation of PI3K/AKT, the most commonly activated oncogenic pathway in cancer, promotes differentiation and cell-cycle exit of epidermal progenitors. As a result, oncogenic PI3K/AKT activated epidermis exhibits growth disadvantage even though its cells are more proliferative. To uncover the underlying mechanism behind oncogene-induced differentiation, we conduct a series of genetic screens in vivo, and identify an AKT substrate SH3RF1 as a specific promoter of epidermal differentiation that has no effect on proliferation. Our study provides evidence for a direct, cell autonomous mechanism that can suppresses progenitor cell renewal and block clonal expansion of epidermal cells bearing a common and activating mutation in Pik3ca.
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6
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Mukherjee R, Bhattacharya A, Sau A, Basu S, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti O. Calmodulin regulates MGRN1-GP78 interaction mediated ubiquitin proteasomal degradation system. FASEB J 2018; 33:1927-1945. [PMID: 30230921 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701413rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ubiquitin ligases sense stress to potentiate their activity is poorly understood. GP78, an ER E3 ligase, is best known for its role in ER-associated protein degradation, although its activity is also linked to mitophagy, ER-mitochondria junctions, and MAPK signaling, thus highlighting the importance of understanding its regulation. In healthy cells, Mahogunin really interesting new gene (RING) finger 1 (MGRN1) interacts with GP78 and proteasomally degrades it to alleviate mitophagy. Here, we identify calmodulin (CaM) as the adapter protein that senses fluctuating cytosolic Ca2+ levels and modulates the Ca2+-dependent MGRN1-GP78 interactions. When stress elevates cytosolic Ca2+ levels in cultured and primary neuronal cells, CaM binds to both E3 ligases and inhibits their interaction. Molecular docking, simulation, and biophysical studies show that CaM interacts with both proteins with different affinities and binding modes. The physiological impact of this interaction switch manifests in the regulation of ER-associated protein degradation, ER-mitochondria junctions, and relative distribution of smooth ER and rough ER.-Mukherjee, R., Bhattacharya, A., Sau, A., Basu, S., Chakrabarti, S., Chakrabarti, O. Calmodulin regulates MGRN1-GP78 interaction mediated ubiquitin proteasomal degradation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmini Mukherjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Anshu Bhattacharya
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIB-IICB), Kolkata, India
| | - Abhishek Sau
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Samita Basu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIB-IICB), Kolkata, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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7
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Américo-Da-Silva L, Diaz J, Bustamante M, Mancilla G, Oyarzún I, Verdejo HE, Quiroga C. A new role for HERPUD1 and ERAD activation in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. FASEB J 2018; 32:4681-4695. [PMID: 29570393 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701229rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone integrity depends on a finely tuned balance between bone synthesis by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. The secretion capacity of mature osteoblasts requires strict control of proteostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) prevents the accumulation of unfolded ER proteins via dislocation to the cytosol and degradation by the proteasome. The ER membrane protein, homocysteine-inducible endoplasmic reticulum protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (HERPUD1), is a key component of the ERAD multiprotein complex which helps to stabilize the complex and facilitate the efficient degradation of unfolded proteins. HERPUD1 expression is strongly up-regulated by the unfolded protein response and cellular stress. The aim of the current study was to establish whether HERPUD1 and ERAD play roles in osteoblast differentiation and maturation. We evaluated preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell and primary rat osteoblast differentiation by measuring calcium deposit levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix expression. We found that ERAD and proteasomal degradation were activated and that HERPUD1 expression was increased as osteoblast differentiation progressed. The absence of HERPUD1 blocked osteoblast mineralization in vitro and significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase activity. In contrast, HERPUD1 overexpression activated the osteoblast differentiation program. Our results demonstrate that HERPUD1 and ERAD are important for the activation of the osteoblast maturation program and may be useful new targets for elucidating bone physiology.-Américo-Da-Silva, L., Diaz, J., Bustamante, M., Mancilla, G., Oyarzún, I., Verdejo, H. E., Quiroga, C. A new role for HERPUD1 and ERAD activation in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Américo-Da-Silva
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jheimmy Diaz
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Bustamante
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Georthan Mancilla
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ingrid Oyarzún
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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8
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POSH regulates Hippo signaling through ubiquitin-mediated expanded degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2150-2155. [PMID: 29440430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715165115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a master regulator of organ growth, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. The activity of the Hippo pathway is controlled by various upstream components, including Expanded (Ex), but the precise molecular mechanism of how Ex is regulated remains poorly understood. Here we identify Plenty of SH3s (POSH), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a key component of Hippo signaling in DrosophilaPOSH overexpression synergizes with loss of Kibra to induce overgrowth and up-regulation of Hippo pathway target genes. Furthermore, knockdown of POSH impedes dextran sulfate sodium-induced Yorkie-dependent intestinal stem cell renewal, suggesting a physiological role of POSH in modulating Hippo signaling. Mechanistically, POSH binds to the C-terminal of Ex and is essential for the Crumbs-induced ubiquitination and degradation of Ex. Our findings establish POSH as a crucial regulator that integrates the signal from the cell surface to negatively regulate Ex-mediated Hippo activation in Drosophila.
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9
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Shim SM, Choi HR, Sung KW, Lee YJ, Kim ST, Kim D, Mun SR, Hwang J, Cha-Molstad H, Ciechanover A, Kim BY, Kwon YT. The endoplasmic reticulum-residing chaperone BiP is short-lived and metabolized through N-terminal arginylation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/511/eaan0630. [PMID: 29295953 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BiP and other endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins are thought to be metabolically stable and to function primarily in the ER lumen. We sought to assess how the abundance of these proteins dynamically fluctuates in response to various stresses and how their subpopulations are relocated to non-ER compartments such as the cytosol. We showed that the molecular chaperone BiP (also known as GRP78) was short-lived under basal conditions and ER stress. The turnover of BiP was in part driven by its amino-terminal arginylation (Nt-arginylation) by the arginyltransferase ATE1, which generated an autophagic N-degron of the N-end rule pathway. ER stress elicited the formation of R-BiP, an effect that was increased when the proteasome was also inhibited. Nt-arginylation correlated with the cytosolic relocalization of BiP under the types of stress tested. The cytosolic relocalization of BiP did not require the functionality of the unfolded protein response or the Sec61- or Derlin1-containing translocon. A key inhibitor of the turnover and Nt-arginylation of BiP was HERP (homocysteine-responsive ER protein), a 43-kDa ER membrane-integrated protein that is an essential component of ER-associated protein degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of the ER-Golgi secretory pathway also suppressed R-BiP formation. Finally, we showed that cytosolic R-BiP induced by ER stress and proteasomal inhibition was routed to autophagic vacuoles and possibly additional metabolic fates. These results suggest that Nt-arginylation is a posttranslational modification that modulates the function, localization, and metabolic fate of ER-resident proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Shim
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Choi
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jee Lee
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daeho Kim
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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10
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Mukherjee R, Das A, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti O. Calcium dependent regulation of protein ubiquitination - Interplay between E3 ligases and calcium binding proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1227-1235. [PMID: 28285986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitination status of proteins and intracellular calcium levels are two factors which keep changing inside any living cell. These two events appear to be independent of each other but recent experimental evidences show that ubiquitination of cellular proteins are influenced by calcium, Calmodulin, Calmodulin-dependent kinase II and other proteins of calcium dependent pathways. E3 ligases like Nedd4, SCF complex, APC, GP78 and ITCH are important regulators of calcium mediated processes. A bioinformatics analysis to inspect sequences and interacting partners of 242 candidate E3 ligases show the presence of calcium and/or Calmodulin binding motifs/domains within their sequences. Building a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of human E3 ligase proteins identifies Ca2+ related proteins as direct interacting partners of E3 ligases. Review of literature, analysis of E3 ligase sequences and their interactome suggests an interconnectivity between calcium signaling and the overall UPS system, especially emphasizing that a subset of E3 ligases have importance in physiological pathways modulated by calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmini Mukherjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Aneesha Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
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11
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de Bock CE, Hughes MR, Snyder K, Alley S, Sadeqzadeh E, Dun MD, McNagny KM, Molloy TJ, Hondermarck H, Thorne RF. Protein interaction screening identifies SH3RF1 as a new regulator of FAT1 protein levels. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:667-678. [PMID: 28129444 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations and ectopic FAT1 cadherin expression are implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from developmental disorders to cancer. The regulation of FAT1 and its downstream signalling pathways remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that identification of additional proteins interacting with the FAT1 cytoplasmic tail would further delineate its regulation and function. A yeast two-hybrid library screen carried out against the juxtamembrane region of the cytoplasmic tail of FAT1 identified the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SH3RF1 as the most frequently recovered protein-binding partner. Ablating SH3RF1 using siRNA increased cellular FAT1 protein levels and stabilized expression at the cell surface, while overexpression of SH3RF1 reduced FAT1 levels. We conclude that SH3RF1 acts as a negative post-translational regulator of FAT1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E de Bock
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kimberly Snyder
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven Alley
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Elham Sadeqzadeh
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Matt D Dun
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Timothy J Molloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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12
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Laguesse S, Creppe C, Nedialkova DD, Prévot PP, Borgs L, Huysseune S, Franco B, Duysens G, Krusy N, Lee G, Thelen N, Thiry M, Close P, Chariot A, Malgrange B, Leidel SA, Godin JD, Nguyen L. A Dynamic Unfolded Protein Response Contributes to the Control of Cortical Neurogenesis. Dev Cell 2016; 35:553-567. [PMID: 26651292 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex contains layers of neurons sequentially generated by distinct lineage-related progenitors. At the onset of corticogenesis, the first-born progenitors are apical progenitors (APs), whose asymmetric division gives birth directly to neurons. Later, they switch to indirect neurogenesis by generating intermediate progenitors (IPs), which give rise to projection neurons of all cortical layers. While a direct lineage relationship between APs and IPs has been established, the molecular mechanism that controls their transition remains elusive. Here we show that interfering with codon translation speed triggers ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), further impairing the generation of IPs and leading to microcephaly. Moreover, we demonstrate that a progressive downregulation of UPR in cortical progenitors acts as a physiological signal to amplify IPs and promotes indirect neurogenesis. Thus, our findings reveal a contribution of UPR to cell fate acquisition during mammalian brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laguesse
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Catherine Creppe
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Danny D Nedialkova
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 54, 48149 Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Pierre-Paul Prévot
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Laurence Borgs
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Huysseune
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Franco
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Guérin Duysens
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Krusy
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicolas Thelen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Close
- GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Alain Chariot
- GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 54, 48149 Muenster, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, 48129 Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Juliette D Godin
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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13
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Yan L, Liu W, Zhang H, Liu C, Shang Y, Ye Y, Zhang X, Li W. Ube2g2-gp78-mediated HERP polyubiquitylation is involved in ER stress recovery. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1417-27. [PMID: 24496447 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.135293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have focused on how individual organisms respond to a stress condition, but little attention has been paid to the stress recovery process, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress recovery. Homocysteine-induced ER protein (HERP) was originally identified as a chaperone-like protein that is strongly induced upon ER stress. Here we show that, after ER stress induction, HERP is rapidly degraded by Ube2g2-gp78-mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. The polyubiquitylation of HERP in vitro depends on a physical interaction between the CUE domain of gp78 and the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain of HERP, which is essential for HERP degradation in vivo during ER stress recovery. We further show that although HERP promotes cell survival under ER stress, high levels of HERP expression reduce cell viability under oxidative stress conditions, suggesting that HERP plays a dual role in cellular stress adaptation. Together, these results establish the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of HERP as a novel mechanism that fine-tunes the stress tolerance capacity of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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14
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Leitman J, Shenkman M, Gofman Y, Shtern NO, Ben-Tal N, Hendershot LM, Lederkremer GZ. Herp coordinates compartmentalization and recruitment of HRD1 and misfolded proteins for ERAD. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1050-60. [PMID: 24478453 PMCID: PMC3967970 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-06-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response PERK branch induces recruitment of misfolded proteins and the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 to the ER-derived quality control compartment (ERQC), a staging ground for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). This is accomplished by up-regulation of homocysteine-induced ER protein (Herp), which recruits the ERAD complex at the ERQC. A functional unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded secretory proteins, reflecting the fact that some level of UPR activation must exist under normal physiological conditions. A coordinator of the UPR and ERAD processes has long been sought. We previously showed that the PKR-like, ER-localized eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α kinase branch of the UPR is required for the recruitment of misfolded proteins and the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 to the ER-derived quality control compartment (ERQC), a staging ground for ERAD. Here we show that homocysteine-induced ER protein (Herp), a protein highly upregulated by this UPR branch, is responsible for this compartmentalization. Herp localizes to the ERQC, and our results suggest that it recruits HRD1, which targets to ERAD the substrate presented by the OS-9 lectin at the ERQC. Predicted overall structural similarity of Herp to the ubiquitin-proteasome shuttle hHR23, but including a transmembrane hairpin, suggests that Herp may function as a hub for membrane association of ERAD machinery components, a key organizer of the ERAD complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leitman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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15
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Shinozaki S, Chiba T, Kokame K, Miyata T, Kaneko E, Shimokado K. A deficiency of Herp, an endoplasmic reticulum stress protein, suppresses atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice by attenuating inflammatory responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75249. [PMID: 24204574 PMCID: PMC3810372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herp was originally identified as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein in vascular endothelial cells. ER stress is induced in atherosclerotic lesions, but it is not known whether Herp plays any role in the development of atherosclerosis. To address this question, we generated Herp- and apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice (Herp(-/-); apoE(-/-) mice) by crossbreeding Herp(-/-) mice and apoE(-/-) mice. Herp was expressed in the endothelial cells and medial smooth muscle cells of the aorta, as well as in a subset of macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesions in apoE(-/-) mice, while there was no expression of Herp in the Herp(-/-); apoE(-/-) mice. The doubly deficient mice developed significantly fewer atherosclerotic lesions than the apoE(-/-) mice at 36 and 72 weeks of age, whereas the plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were not significantly different between the strains. The plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids were significantly lower in the Herp(-/-); apoE(-/-) mice when they were eight and 16 weeks old. The gene expression levels of ER stress response proteins (GRP78 and CHOP) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1) in the aorta were significantly lower in Herp(-/-); apoE(-/-) mice than in apoE(-/-) mice, suggesting that Herp mediated ER stress-induced inflammation. In fact, peritoneal macrophages isolated from Herp-deficient mice and RAW264.7 macrophages in which Herp was eliminated with a siRNA expressed lower levels of mRNA for inflammatory cytokines when they were treated with tunicamycin. Herp deficiency affected the major mediators of the unfolded protein response, including IRE1 and PERK, but not ATF6. These findings suggest that a deficiency of Herp suppressed the development of atherosclerosis by attenuating the ER stress-induced inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Shinozaki
- Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kokame
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyata
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Kaneko
- Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Quiroga C, Gatica D, Paredes F, Bravo R, Troncoso R, Pedrozo Z, Rodriguez AE, Toro B, Chiong M, Vicencio JM, Hetz C, Lavandero S. Herp depletion protects from protein aggregation by up-regulating autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3295-3305. [PMID: 24120520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herp is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducible protein that participates in the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. However, the contribution of Herp to other protein degradation pathways like autophagy and its connection to other types of stress responses remain unknown. Here we report that Herp regulates autophagy to clear poly-ubiquitin (poly-Ub) protein aggregates. Proteasome inhibition and glucose starvation (GS) led to a high level of poly-Ub protein aggregation that was drastically reduced by stably knocking down Herp (shHerp cells). The enhanced removal of poly-Ub inclusions protected cells from death caused by glucose starvation. Under basal conditions and increasingly after stress, higher LC3-II levels and GFP-LC3 puncta were observed in shHerp cells compared to control cells. Herp knockout cells displayed basal up-regulation of two essential autophagy regulators-Atg5 and Beclin-1, leading to increased autophagic flux. Beclin-1 up-regulation was due to a reduction in Hrd1 dependent proteasomal degradation, and not at transcriptional level. The consequent higher autophagic flux was necessary for the clearance of aggregates and for cell survival. We conclude that Herp operates as a relevant factor in the defense against glucose starvation by modulating autophagy levels. These data may have important implications due to the known up-regulation of Herp in pathological states such as brain and heart ischemia, both conditions associated to acute nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Quiroga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damian Gatica
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Felipe Paredes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Andrea E Rodriguez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Barbra Toro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Jose Miguel Vicencio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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17
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A novel RING finger E3 ligase RNF186 regulate ER stress-mediated apoptosis through interaction with BNip1. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2320-33. [PMID: 23896122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances in the normal functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can lead to the accumulation of unfolded proteins and disturbance of Ca(2+) regulation within the lumen of ER, and arouse a series of complicated response termed unfolded protein response (UPR), which is aimed initially at reestablishing homeostasis and normal physiology but can ultimately trigger cell death if the UPR fails to compensate for damage. Here we show that ER locating human RING finger E3 ligase RNF186 participates in the process of ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Overexpression of RNF186 stimulates upregulation of ER sensor proteins and rapid transmission of ER Ca(2+) in Hela cells, while RNF186 knockdown exhibits a moderate degree of resistance to ER stress, indicating RNF186 can arouse stress signaling at ER. We further identified the Bcl-2 family protein BNip1 as one of the substrates of RNF186. BNip1 co-localizes with RNF186 at ER and is poly-ubiquitinated by RNF186 through K29 and K63 linkage in vivo. This modification promotes BNip1 transportation to mitochondria but has no influence on its protein level. The half-life of RNF186 is prolonged under ER stress, probably because of the inhibition on its self-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by proteasomes. In addition, the ubiquitination of BNip1 is greatly enhanced when ER stress occurred, possibly due to RNF186 accumulation. More importantly, knockdown of BNip1 attenuates the stress signals at ER induced by RNF186. These results collectively indicate that BNip1 functions as a downstream modulator of RNF186 to direct ER stress-associated apoptotic signaling. Our study might reveal a novel E3 ligase-mediated mechanism for modulating ER stress.
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18
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Ryšlavá H, Doubnerová V, Kavan D, Vaněk O. Effect of posttranslational modifications on enzyme function and assembly. J Proteomics 2013; 92:80-109. [PMID: 23603109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The detailed examination of enzyme molecules by mass spectrometry and other techniques continues to identify hundreds of distinct PTMs. Recently, global analyses of enzymes using methods of contemporary proteomics revealed widespread distribution of PTMs on many key enzymes distributed in all cellular compartments. Critically, patterns of multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic PTMs within a single enzyme are now functionally evaluated providing a holistic picture of a macromolecule interacting with low molecular mass compounds, some of them being substrates, enzyme regulators, or activated precursors for enzymatic and nonenzymatic PTMs. Multiple PTMs within a single enzyme molecule and their mutual interplays are critical for the regulation of catalytic activity. Full understanding of this regulation will require detailed structural investigation of enzymes, their structural analogs, and their complexes. Further, proteomics is now integrated with molecular genetics, transcriptomics, and other areas leading to systems biology strategies. These allow the functional interrogation of complex enzymatic networks in their natural environment. In the future, one might envisage the use of robust high throughput analytical techniques that will be able to detect multiple PTMs on a global scale of individual proteomes from a number of carefully selected cells and cellular compartments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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19
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Pan CQ, Sudol M, Sheetz M, Low BC. Modularity and functional plasticity of scaffold proteins as p(l)acemakers in cell signaling. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2143-65. [PMID: 22743133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells coordinate and integrate various functional modules that control their dynamics, intracellular trafficking, metabolism and gene expression. Such capacity is mediated by specific scaffold proteins that tether multiple components of signaling pathways at plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and in more specialized subcellular structures such as focal adhesions, cell-cell junctions, endosomes, vesicles and synapses. Scaffold proteins act as "pacemakers" as well as "placemakers" that regulate the temporal, spatial and kinetic aspects of protein complex assembly by modulating the local concentrations, proximity, subcellular dispositions and biochemical properties of the target proteins through the intricate use of their modular protein domains. These regulatory mechanisms allow them to gate the specificity, integration and crosstalk of different signaling modules. In addition to acting as physical platforms for protein assembly, many professional scaffold proteins can also directly modify the properties of their targets while they themselves can be regulated by post-translational modifications and/or mechanical forces. Furthermore, multiple scaffold proteins can form alliances of higher-order regulatory networks. Here, we highlight the emerging themes of scaffold proteins by analyzing their common and distinctive mechanisms of action and regulation, which underlie their functional plasticity in cell signaling. Understanding these mechanisms in the context of space, time and force should have ramifications for human physiology and for developing new therapeutic approaches to control pathological states and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Qiurong Pan
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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20
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Wang Y, Wan B, Li D, Zhou J, Li R, Bai M, Chen F, Yu L. BRSK2 is regulated by ER stress in protein level and involved in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:813-8. [PMID: 22713462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded protein in lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers a cell stress response called ER stress, which induces the transcriptional up-regulation of a number of proteins, including molecular chaperones and folding enzymes, the global inhibition of protein synthesis, and the activation of apoptotic pathways. The molecular mechanism underlying the apoptotic response has remained largely elusive. AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in ER stress-induced apoptosis through its role in attenuating ER stress. BRSK2 (brain selective kinase 2, also known as SAD-A) is a serine/threonine kinase of the AMPK family. Here, we demonstrate that the BRSK2 protein levels are significantly down-regulated in response to ER stress in PANC-1 and HeLa cells. Furthermore, we also observed that ER stress induces endogenous BRSK2 to localize to the ER. Importantly, knockdown of endogenous BRSK2 expression enhances ER stress-mediated apoptosis in cells while over express BRSK2 in wild type or kinase-dead type both reduce the apoptosis. BRSK2 knockdown increases the transcription of CHOP and the levels of cleaved caspase-3 in cells in response to ER stress while over expression of BRSK2 decrease CHOP mRNA and levels of cleaved caspase-3. Taken together, our findings demonstrate ER stress may reduce BRSK2 protein and change BRSK2 subcellular localization, which in turn alleviate ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, PR China
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21
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HIV Assembly and Budding: Ca(2+) Signaling and Non-ESCRT Proteins Set the Stage. Mol Biol Int 2012; 2012:851670. [PMID: 22761998 PMCID: PMC3384956 DOI: 10.1155/2012/851670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a decade has elapsed since the link between the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery and HIV-1 protein trafficking and budding was first identified. L domains in HIV-1 Gag mediate recruitment of ESCRT which function in bud abscission releasing the viral particle from the host cell. Beyond virus budding, the ESCRT machinery is also involved in the endocytic pathway, cytokinesis, and autophagy. In the past few years, the number of non-ESCRT host proteins shown to be required in the assembly process has also grown. In this paper, we highlight the role of recently identified cellular factors that link ESCRT machinery to calcium signaling machinery and we suggest that this liaison contributes to setting the stage for productive ESCRT recruitment and mediation of abscission. Parallel paradigms for non-ESCRT roles in virus budding and cytokinesis will be discussed.
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Abstract
Assembly and release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles is mediated by the viral Gag polyprotein precursor. Gag is synthesized in the cytosol and rapidly translocates to membrane to orchestrate particle production. The cell biology of HIV-1 Gag trafficking is currently one of the least understood aspects of HIV-1 replication. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the cellular machinery involved in Gag trafficking and virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
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23
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Marutani T, Maeda T, Tanabe C, Zou K, Araki W, Kokame K, Michikawa M, Komano H. ER-stress-inducible Herp, facilitates the degradation of immature nicastrin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:790-8. [PMID: 21600962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herp is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-inducible membrane protein harboring an ubiquitin-like domain (ULD). However, its biological functions are not fully understood. Here, we examined the role of Herp in the degradation of γ-secretase components. METHODS Effects of ULD-lacking Herp (ΔUb-Herp) expression on the degradation of γ-secretase components were analyzed. RESULTS The cellular expression of ΔUb-Herp was found to inhibit the degradation of overexpressed immature nicastrin and full-length presenilin. The mechanisms underlying Herp-mediated nicastrin degradation was further analyzed. We found that immature nicastrin accumulates in the ER of ΔUb-Herp overexpressing cells or Herp-deficient cells more than that in the ER of wild-type cells. Further, ΔUb-Herp expression inhibited nicastrin ubiquitination, suggesting that the ULD of Herp is likely involved in nicastrin ubiquitination. Co-immunoprecipitation study showed that Herp as well as ΔUb-Herp potentially interacts with nicastrin, mediating nicastrin interaction with p97, which functions in retranslocation of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytosol. CONCLUSIONS Thus, Herp is likely involved in degradation of immature nicastrin by facilitating p97-dependent nicastrin retranslocation and ubiquitination. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We suggest that Herp could play a role in the elimination of the excess unassembled components of a multimeric complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Marutani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Keil JM, Shen Z, Briggs SP, Patrick GN. Regulation of STIM1 and SOCE by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). PLoS One 2010; 5:e13465. [PMID: 20976103 PMCID: PMC2956693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) mediates the majority of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. The UPS has recently emerged as a key degradation pathway involved in synapse development and function. In order to better understand the function of the UPS at synapses we utilized a genetic and proteomic approach to isolate and identify novel candidate UPS substrates from biochemically purified synaptic membrane preparations. Using these methods, we have identified Stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1). STIM1 is as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium sensor that has been shown to regulate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). We have characterized STIM1 in neurons, finding STIM1 is expressed throughout development with stable, high expression in mature neurons. As in non-excitable cells, STIM1 is distributed in a membranous and punctate fashion in hippocampal neurons. In addition, a population of STIM1 was found to exist at synapses. Furthermore, using surface biotinylation and live-cell labeling methods, we detect a subpopulation of STIM1 on the surface of hippocampal neurons. The role of STIM1 as a regulator of SOCE has typically been examined in non-excitable cell types. Therefore, we examined the role of the UPS in STIM1 and SOCE function in HEK293 cells. While we find that STIM1 is ubiquitinated, its stability is not altered by proteasome inhibitors in cells under basal conditions or conditions that activate SOCE. However, we find that surface STIM1 levels and thapsigargin (TG)-induced SOCE are significantly increased in cells treated with proteasome inhibitors. Additionally, we find that the overexpression of POSH (Plenty of SH3′s), an E3 ubiquitin ligase recently shown to be involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, leads to decreased STIM1 surface levels. Together, these results provide evidence for previously undescribed roles of the UPS in the regulation of STIM1 and SOCE function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Keil
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Briggs
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gentry N. Patrick
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dickson HM, Zurawski J, Zhang H, Turner DL, Vojtek AB. POSH is an intracellular signal transducer for the axon outgrowth inhibitor Nogo66. J Neurosci 2010; 30:13319-25. [PMID: 20926658 PMCID: PMC2963859 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1324-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin-derived inhibitors limit axon outgrowth and plasticity during development and in the adult mammalian CNS. Nogo66, a functional domain of the myelin-derived inhibitor NogoA, signals through the PirB receptor to inhibit axon outgrowth. The signaling pathway mobilized by Nogo66 engagement of PirB is not well understood. We identify a critical role for the scaffold protein Plenty of SH3s (POSH) in relaying process outgrowth inhibition downstream of Nogo66 and PirB. Blocking the function of POSH, or two POSH-associated proteins, leucine zipper kinase (LZK) and Shroom3, with RNAi in cortical neurons leads to release from myelin and Nogo66 inhibition. We also observed autocrine inhibition of process outgrowth by NogoA, and suppression analysis with the POSH-associated kinase LZK demonstrated that LZK operates downstream of NogoA and PirB in a POSH-dependent manner. In addition, cerebellar granule neurons with an RNAi-mediated knockdown in POSH function were refractory to the inhibitory action of Nogo66, indicating that a POSH-dependent mechanism operates to inhibit axon outgrowth in different types of CNS neurons. These studies delineate an intracellular signaling pathway for process outgrowth inhibition by Nogo66, comprised of NogoA, PirB, POSH, LZK, and Shroom3, and implicate the POSH complex as a potential therapeutic target to enhance axon outgrowth and plasticity in the injured CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huanqing Zhang
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David L. Turner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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26
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POSH is involved in Eiger-Basket (TNF-JNK) signaling and embryogenesis in Drosophila. J Genet Genomics 2010; 37:605-19. [DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(09)60080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lennox AL, Stronach B. POSH misexpression induces caspase-dependent cell death in Drosophila. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:651-64. [PMID: 20014406 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
POSH (Plenty of SH3 domains) is a scaffold for signaling proteins regulating cell survival. Specifically, POSH promotes assembly of a complex including Rac GTPase, mixed lineage kinase (MLK), MKK7, and Jun kinase (JNK). In Drosophila, genetic analysis implicated POSH in Tak1-dependent innate immune response, in part through regulation of JNK signaling. Homologs of the POSH signaling complex components, MLK and MKK7, are essential in Drosophila embryonic dorsal closure. Using a gain-of-function approach, we tested whether POSH plays a role in this process. Ectopic expression of POSH in the embryo causes dorsal closure defects due to apoptosis of the amnioserosa, but ectodermal JNK signaling is normal. Phenotypic consequences of POSH expression were found to be dependent on Drosophila Nc, the caspase-9 homolog, but only partially on Tak1 and not at all on Slpr and Hep. These results suggest that POSH may use different signaling complexes to promote cell death in distinct contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Lennox
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Annex, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Simmen T, Lynes EM, Gesson K, Thomas G. Oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum: tight links to the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1465-73. [PMID: 20430008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of secretory proteins at the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) depends on a ready supply of energy and metabolites as well as the close monitoring of the chemical conditions that favor oxidative protein folding. ER oxidoreductases and chaperones fold nascent proteins into their export-competent three-dimensional structure. Interference with these protein folding enzymes leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the ER lumen, causing an acute organellar stress that triggers the UPR (unfolded protein response). The UPR increases the transcription of ER chaperones commensurate with the load of newly synthesized proteins and can protect the cell from ER stress. Persistant stress, however, can force the UPR to commit cells to undergo apoptotic cell death, which requires the emptying of ER calcium stores. Conversely, a continuous ebb and flow of calcium occurs between the ER and mitochondria during resting conditions on a domain of the ER that forms close contacts with mitochondria, the MAM (mitochondria-associated membrane). On the MAM, ER folding chaperones such as calnexin and calreticulin and oxidoreductases such as ERp44, ERp57 and Ero1alpha regulate calcium flux from the ER through reversible, calcium and redox-dependent interactions with IP3Rs (inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate receptors) and with SERCAs (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases). During apoptosis progression and depending on the identity of the ER chaperone and oxidoreductase, these interactions increase or decrease, suggesting that the extent of MAM targeting of ER chaperones and oxidoreductases could shift the readout of ER-mitochondria calcium exchange from housekeeping to apoptotic. However, little is known about the cytosolic factors that mediate the on/off interactions between ER chaperones and oxidoreductases with ER calcium channels and pumps. One candidate regulator is the multi-functional molecule PACS-2 (phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein-2). Recent studies suggest that PACS-2 mediates localization of a mobile pool of calnexin to the MAM in addition to regulating homeostatic ER calcium signaling as well as MAM integrity. Together, these findings suggest that cytosolic, membrane and lumenal proteins combine to form a two-way switch that determines the rate of protein secretion by providing ions and metabolites and that appears to participate in the pro-apoptotic ER-mitochondria calcium transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simmen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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29
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Usa1 functions as a scaffold of the HRD-ubiquitin ligase. Mol Cell 2010; 36:782-93. [PMID: 20005842 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum is of central importance for cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. Crucial for this process is the HRD-ubiquitin ligase (HMG-CoA reductase degradation), which singles out terminally misfolded proteins and routes them for degradation to cytoplasmic 26S-proteasomes. Certain functions of this enzyme complex are allocated to defined subunits. However, it remains unclear how these components act in a concerted manner. Here, we show that Usa1 functions as a major scaffold protein of the HRD-ligase. For the turnover of soluble substrates, Der1 binding to the C terminus of Usa1 is required. The N terminus of Usa1 associates with Hrd1 and thus bridges Der1 to Hrd1. Strikingly, the Usa1 N terminus also induces oligomerization of the HRD complex, which is an exclusive prerequisite for the degradation of membrane proteins. Our data demonstrate that scaffold proteins are required to adapt ubiquitin ligase activities toward different classes of substrates.
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McLaughlin M, Alloza I, Quoc HP, Scott CJ, Hirabayashi Y, Vandenbroeck K. Inhibition of secretion of interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 family cytokines by 4-trifluoromethyl-celecoxib is coupled to degradation via the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein HERP. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:6960-9. [PMID: 20054003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.056614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), p80, and IL-23 are structurally related cytokines sharing a p40 subunit. We have recently demonstrated that celecoxib and its COX-2-independent analogue 4-trifluoromethyl-celecoxib (TFM-C) inhibit secretion but not transcription of IL-12 (p35/p40) and p80 (p40/p40). This is associated with a mechanism involving altered cytokine-chaperone interaction in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the present study, we found that celecoxib and TFM-C also block secretion of IL-23 (p40/p19 heterodimers). Given the putative ER-centric mode of these compounds, we performed a comprehensive RT-PCR analysis of 23 ER-resident chaperones/foldases and associated co-factors. This revealed that TFM-C induced 1.5-3-fold transcriptional up-regulation of calreticulin, GRP78, GRP94, GRP170, ERp72, ERp57, ERdj4, and ERp29. However, more significantly, a 7-fold up-regulation of homocysteine-inducible ER protein (HERP) was observed. HERP is part of a high molecular mass protein complex involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we show that TFM-C induces protein interaction of p80 and IL-23 with HERP. Both HERP siRNA knockdown and HERP overexpression coupled to cycloheximide chase assays revealed that HERP is necessary for degradation of intracellularly retained p80 by TFM-C. Thus, our data suggest that targeting cytokine folding in the ER by small molecule drugs could be therapeutically exploited to alleviate inappropriate inflammation in autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McLaughlin
- Neurogenomiks Laboratory, Universidad Del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
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Lin DH, Yue P, Pan CY, Sun P, Zhang X, Han Z, Roos M, Caplan M, Giebisch G, Wang WH. POSH stimulates the ubiquitination and the clathrin-independent endocytosis of ROMK1 channels. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:29614-24. [PMID: 19710010 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
POSH (plenty of SH3) is a scaffold protein that has been shown to act as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here we report that POSH stimulates the ubiquitination of Kir1.1 (ROMK) and enhances the internalization of this potassium channel. Immunostaining reveals the expression of POSH in the renal cortical collecting duct. Immunoprecipitation of renal tissue lysate with ROMK antibody and glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments demonstrated the association between ROMK and POSH. Moreover, immunoprecipitation of lysates of HEK293T cells transfected with ROMK1 or with constructs encoding the ROMK-N terminus or ROMK1-C-Terminus demonstrated that POSH binds to ROMK1 on its N terminus. To study the effect of POSH on ROMK1 channels, we measured potassium currents with electrophysiological methods in HEK293T cells and in oocytes transfected or injected with ROMK1 and POSH. POSH decreased potassium currents, and the inhibitory effect of POSH on ROMK channels was dose-dependent. Biotinylation assay further showed that POSH decreased surface expression of ROMK channels in HEK293T cells transfected with ROMK1 and POSH. The effect of POSH on ROMK1 channels was specific because POSH did not inhibit sodium current in oocytes injected with ENaC-alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. Moreover, POSH still decreased the potassium current in oocytes injected with a ROMK1 mutant (R1Delta373-378), in which a clathrin-dependent tyrosine-based internalization signal residing between amino acid residues 373 and 378 is deleted. However, the inhibitory effect of POSH on ROMK channels was absent in cells expressing with dominant negative dynamin and POSHDeltaRING, in which the RING domain was deleted. Expression of POSH also increased the ubiquitination of ROMK1, whereas expression of POSHDeltaRING diminished its ubiquitination in HEK293T cells. The notion that POSH may serve as an E3 ubiquitin ligase is also supported by in vitro ubiquitination assays in which adding POSH increased the ROMK ubiquitination. We conclude that POSH inhibits ROMK channels by enhancing dynamin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis and by stimulating ubiquitination of ROMK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Hong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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Degorce F, Card A, Soh S, Trinquet E, Knapik GP, Xie B. HTRF: A technology tailored for drug discovery - a review of theoretical aspects and recent applications. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2009; 3:22-32. [PMID: 20161833 PMCID: PMC2802762 DOI: 10.2174/1875397300903010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HTRF (Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence) is the most frequently used generic assay technology to measure analytes in a homogenous format, which is the ideal platform used for drug target studies in high-throughput screening (HTS). This technology combines fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology (FRET) with time-resolved measurement (TR). In TR-FRET assays, a signal is generated through fluorescent resonance energy transfer between a donor and an acceptor molecule when in close proximity to each other. Buffer and media interference is dramatically reduced by dual-wavelength detection, and the final signal is proportional to the extent of product formation. The HTRF assay is usually sensitive and robust that can be miniaturized into the 384 and 1536-well plate formats. This assay technology has been applied to many antibody-based assays including GPCR signaling (cAMP and IP-One), kinases, cytokines and biomarkers, bioprocess (antibody and protein production), as well as the assays for protein-protein, proteinpeptide, and protein-DNA/RNA interactions.Since its introduction to the drug-screening world over ten years ago, researchers have used HTRF to expedite the study of GPCRs, kinases, new biomarkers, protein-protein interactions, and other targets of interest. HTRF has also been utilized as an alternative method for bioprocess monitoring. The first-generation HTRF technology, which uses Europium cryptate as a fluorescence donor to monitor reactions between biomolecules, was extended in 2008 through the introduction of a second-generation donor, Terbium cryptate (Tb), enhancing screening performance. Terbium cryptate possesses different photophysical properties compared to Europium, including increased quantum yield and a higher molar extinction coefficient. In addition to being compatible with the same acceptor fluorophors used with Europium, it can serve as a donor fluorophore to green-emitting fluors because it has multiple emission peaks including one at 490 nm. Moreover, all Terbium HTRF assays can be read on the same HTRF-compatible instruments as Europium HTRF assays.Overall, HTRF is a highly sensitive, robust technology for the detection of molecular interactions in vitro and is widely used for primary and secondary screening phases of drug development. This review addresses the general principles of HTRF and its current applications in drug discovery.
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Chigurupati S, Wei Z, Belal C, Vandermey M, Kyriazis GA, Arumugam TV, Chan SL. The homocysteine-inducible endoplasmic reticulum stress protein counteracts calcium store depletion and induction of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein in a neurotoxin model of Parkinson disease. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18323-33. [PMID: 19447887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.020891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle regulating intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Oxidants and mitochondria-derived free radicals can target ER-based Ca(2+) regulatory proteins and cause uncontrolled Ca(2+) release that may contribute to protracted ER stress and apoptosis. Several ER stress proteins have been suggested to counteract the deregulation of ER Ca(2+) homeostasis and ER stress. Here we showed that knockdown of Herp, an ubiquitin-like domain containing ER stress protein, renders PC12 and MN9D cells vulnerable to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cytotoxic cell death by a mechanism involving up-regulation of CHOP expression and ER Ca(2+) depletion. Conversely, Herp overexpression confers protection by blocking 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced CHOP up-regulation, ER Ca(2+) store depletion, and mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation in a manner dependent on a functional ubiquitin-proteasomal protein degradation pathway. Deletion of the ubiquitin-like domain of Herp or treatment with a proteasomal inhibitor abolished the central function of Herp in ER Ca(2+) homeostasis. Thus, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism(s) whereby Herp counteracts Ca(2+) disturbances will provide insights into the molecular cascade of cell death in dopaminergic neurons and may uncover novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and ameliorate Parkinson disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Chigurupati
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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Tcherpakov M, Delaunay A, Toth J, Kadoya T, Petroski MD, Ronai ZA. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation by RNF5-dependent ubiquitination of JNK-associated membrane protein (JAMP). J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12099-109. [PMID: 19269966 PMCID: PMC2673279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808222200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of misfolded proteins by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) requires concerted activity of chaperones, adaptor proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and proteasomes. RNF5 is a ubiquitin ligase anchored to the ER membrane implicated in ERAD via ubiquitination of misfolded proteins. Among RNF5-associated proteins is JNK-associated membrane protein (JAMP), a 7-transmembrane protein located within the ER membrane that facilitates degradation of misfolded proteins through recruitment of proteasomes and ERAD regulatory components. Here we demonstrate that RNF5 associates with JAMP in the ER membrane. This association results in Ubc13-dependent RNF5-mediated noncanonical ubiquitination of JAMP. This ubiquitination does not alter JAMP stability but rather inhibits its association with Rpt5 and p97. Consequently, clearance of misfolded proteins, such as CFTRDelta508 and T cell receptor alpha, is less efficient, resulting in their greater accumulation. Significantly, the RNF5 effect on JAMP is seen prior to and after ER stress response, thereby highlighting a novel mechanism to limit ERAD and proteasome assembly at the ER, to the actual ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tcherpakov
- Signal Transduction Program, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Votteler J, Iavnilovitch E, Fingrut O, Shemesh V, Taglicht D, Erez O, Sörgel S, Walther T, Bannert N, Schubert U, Reiss Y. Exploring the functional interaction between POSH and ALIX and the relevance to HIV-1 release. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2009; 10:12. [PMID: 19393081 PMCID: PMC2680910 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ALG2-interacting protein X (ALIX)/AIP1 is an adaptor protein with multiple functions in intracellular protein trafficking that plays a central role in the biogenesis of enveloped viruses. The ubiquitin E3-ligase POSH (plenty of SH3) augments HIV-1 egress by facilitating the transport of Gag to the cell membrane. Recently, it was reported, that POSH interacts with ALIX and thereby enhances ALIX mediated phenotypes in Drosophila. RESULTS In this study we identified ALIX as a POSH ubiquitination substrate in human cells: POSH induces the ubiquitination of ALIX that is modified on several lysine residues in vivo and in vitro. This ubiquitination does not destabilize ALIX, suggesting a regulatory function. As it is well established that ALIX rescues virus release of L-domain mutant HIV-1, HIV-1DeltaPTAP, we demonstrated that wild type POSH, but not an ubiquitination inactive RING finger mutant (POSHV14A), substantially enhances ALIX-mediated release of infectious virions derived from HIV-1DeltaPTAP L-domain mutant (YPXnL-dependent HIV-1). In further agreement with the idea of a cooperative function of POSH and ALIX, mutating the YPXnL-ALIX binding site in Gag completely abrogated augmentation of virus release by overexpression of POSH. However, the effect of the POSH-mediated ubiquitination appears to be auxiliary, but not necessary, as silencing of POSH by RNAi does not disturb ALIX-augmentation of virus release. CONCLUSION Thus, the cumulative results identified ALIX as an ubiquitination substrate of POSH and indicate that POSH and ALIX cooperate to facilitate efficient virus release. However, while ALIX is obligatory for the release of YPXnL-dependent HIV-1, POSH, albeit rate-limiting, may be functionally interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Votteler
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.
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Taylor J, Chung KH, Figueroa C, Zurawski J, Dickson HM, Brace EJ, Avery AW, Turner DL, Vojtek AB. The scaffold protein POSH regulates axon outgrowth. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:5181-92. [PMID: 18829867 PMCID: PMC2592661 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-02-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How scaffold proteins integrate signaling pathways with cytoskeletal components to drive axon outgrowth is not well understood. We report here that the multidomain scaffold protein Plenty of SH3s (POSH) regulates axon outgrowth. Reduction of POSH function by RNA interference (RNAi) enhances axon outgrowth in differentiating mouse primary cortical neurons and in neurons derived from mouse P19 cells, suggesting POSH negatively regulates axon outgrowth. Complementation analysis reveals a requirement for the third Src homology (SH) 3 domain of POSH, and we find that the actomyosin regulatory protein Shroom3 interacts with this domain of POSH. Inhibition of Shroom3 expression by RNAi leads to increased process lengths, as observed for POSH RNAi, suggesting that POSH and Shroom function together to inhibit process outgrowth. Complementation analysis and interference of protein function by dominant-negative approaches suggest that Shroom3 recruits Rho kinase to inhibit process outgrowth. Furthermore, inhibition of myosin II function reverses the POSH or Shroom3 RNAi phenotype, indicating a role for myosin II regulation as a target of the POSH-Shroom complex. Collectively, these results suggest that the molecular scaffold protein POSH assembles an inhibitory complex that links to the actin-myosin network to regulate neuronal process outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwan-Ho Chung
- Program in Neuroscience, and
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David L. Turner
- *Department of Biological Chemistry
- Program in Neuroscience, and
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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